KIDS COUNT in Colorado COLORADO CAMPAIGN From Plains to Plateaus: Examining Child Well-Being Across Colorado Places 33 YERS t' COLORADO CAMPAIGN Every Chance for Every Child Li A in Colorado 2015 is made possible through the support of This research was funded in part by the Annie E. Casey Foundation. We thank them for their support but acknowledge that the findings and conclusions presented in this report are those of the authors alone, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Foundation. We also acknowledge the generous support of countless contributors whose investments make possible the work of the Colorado Children’s Campaign, including sharing this critical data throughout the year. The Colorado Children’s Campaign is a nonprofit, nonpartisan advocacy organization committed since 1985 to realizing every chance for every child in Colorado. We advocate for the development and implementation of data-driven public policies that improve child well-being in health, education and early childhood. We do this by providing Coloradans with trusted data and research on child well-being and organizing an extensive statewide network of dedicated child advocates. Every day, we work to: • Eliminate gaps in student achievement and health outcomes between low-income children and children of color and their peers. • Provide all of Colorado’s young children with high-quality early learning and development experiences so they are ready for school and on track for success in life. • Secure quality, affordable health care and healthy communities for all Colorado children. • Ensure all students in Colorado have access to the quality K-12 education they need to graduate from high school prepared for college, careers and life. 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! From plains to plateaus: Examining Child Well-Being across colorado places KIDS COUNT in Colorado! is an annual publication of the Colorado Children’s Campaign that provides the best available state- and county-level data to measure and track the education, health and general well-being of our state’s children. KIDS COUNT in Colorado! informs policy debates and community discussions, serving as a valuable resource for policy makers, community leaders, advocates and citizens. KIDS COUNT in Colorado! is part of the national KIDS COUNT project and is generously funded by the Annie E. Casey Foundation. The KIDS COUNT in Colorado! project is directed by Sarah Hughes, MSW, Research Director at the Colorado Children’s Campaign. The 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! report was designed by Rob Sherow, Colorado Children’s Campaign. Permission to copy is granted so long as KIDS COUNT in Colorado! and the Colorado Children’s Campaign are cited as the source. Letter from the Governor in Colorado 2015 STATE OF COLORADO EXECUTIVE CHAMBERS EXECUTIVE CHAMBERS 136 State Capitol 136 State Capitol Denver, CO 80203 - 1792 Denver, CO 80203 - 1792 Phone (303) 866-2471 Phone (303) 866-2471 ____________________ ____________________ John Hickenlooper John Hickenlooper Governor Governor March 23, 2015 Greetings: 9, 2015offers us a look into the future. By examining and assessing the well-being of our children today, we Each year, KIDS COUNTMarch in Colorado! can better understand how they will fare when they become Colorado’s parents, workforce, citizens and even lawmakers in the future. Greetings: This year, we are encouraged to see the beginning of what we hope is a downward trend in child poverty in Colorado. Our enthusiasm is Each year, KIDSare COUNT Colorado! offers us a lookup into future. By examining and have access to every tempered by the knowledge that there still farintoo many children growing in the households where they don’t opportunity they need assessing and deserve be healthyofand more of disadvantage to awill child’s the less likely he thetowell-being oursucceed. children The today, welayers can better understand added how they farelife, when or she will be able to bounce back and reach their potential. It’s up tocitizens all of us—as parents, leaders,inlegislators, they become Colorado’s parents, workforce, and even lawmakers the future.educators or community members—to make sure each of Colorado’s children is equipped with the skills he or she needs to succeed in the future. This year, we are encouraged to see the beginning of what we hope is a downward trend in child Our administration is working to ensure that the systems and services our kids rely on are efficient, effective and available to those poverty in Colorado. Our enthusiasm is tempered by the knowledge that there are still far too who need them most. We’ve proposed increased investments in preventative mental health treatment and 130 additional child welfare many children growingchildren. up in households that don’t have access retain to every opportunity need and we want to caseworkers to meet the needs of vulnerable We’re examining ways to recruit, and grow greatthey teachers, and deserve to be healthy and succeed. The more layers of disadvantage added to a child’s life, make certain that every child has equal access to a great education. the less likely he or she will be able to bounce back and reach their potential. It’s up to all of us— as parents, leaders, or community members—to makeand sureremoving each of the barriers to make We are committed to these priorities and legislators, will put oureducators efforts toward conquering the challenges Colorado a great place Colorado’s for all our kids—both and tomorrow. children istoday equipped with the skills he or she needs to succeed in the future. Sincerely, John W. Hickenlooper Governor Our administration is working to ensure that the systems and services our kids rely on are efficient, effective and available to those who need them most. We’ve proposed increased investments in preventative mental health treatment and 130 additional child welfare caseworkers to meet the needs of vulnerable children. We’re examining ways to recruit, retain and grow great teachers, and we want to make certain that every child has equal access to a great education. We are committed to these priorities and will put our efforts toward conquering the challenges and removing the barriers to make Colorado a great place for all our kids - both today and Letter from the President in Colorado March 23, 2015 In communities across Colorado, children are growing up with hopes, dreams and supports that are different in many ways, and alike in others. As they grow, they rely on family and community support, as well as systems such as schools, hospitals, child care centers, parks and many more. These supports act like a grid of resources. Similar to an electrical system, this resource grid runs throughout Colorado and is designed to power the potential of every child. In some areas of Colorado, the grid may be inaccessible or the flow of resources may be weak or unreliable. Children in these areas may be less likely to be healthy or to succeed in school without these forms of support. In other areas, the grid may be strong in some ways, but poor in others, such as access to healthy food, quality schools or safe neighborhoods. In this edition of KIDS COUNT in Colorado!, the Children’s Campaign takes a close look at child well-being across Colorado communities. We find that resources in the grid can vary throughout our state—from the plains to the plateaus—sometimes in surprising ways. As a state, we can ensure children in all communities have access to the resources they need to thrive. Good public policies that are well-implemented ensure services and supports are fairly distributed across all communities. We need to know where resources are weak, or where kids can’t connect, so we can ensure every chance for every child—no matter where they live. When our policies and services work well, children have access to every opportunity they need to follow their hopes and dreams. Sincerely, Chris Watney President and CEO Colorado Children’s Campaign 2015 2015 Kids Count in Colorado! Table of Contents County and School District Classifications Introduction 1 Family Economic Security 12 2 Child Health 23 County Data 92 Early Childhood Learning and Development 54 County Data Definitions 157 Colorado Child Well-Being Index 3 Education 68 Acknowledgments 162 Child and Family Demographics 5 If you find the data and research in KIDS COUNT in Colorado! helpful, consider supporting the work of the Colorado Children’s Campaign with a tax-deductible donation. Complete this page and mail it with payment information. I would like to support the Colorado Children’s Campaign’s efforts today! Name _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Address ______________________________________________________City/State/Zip ______________________________________ Phone __________________________________ Email _________________________________________________________________ Amount of Contribution $ ______________ * Please make checks payable to the Colorado Children’s Campaign. MC ___ Visa ___ AmEx ___ Credit Card # ______________________________________________ Exp. _____________ Sec. Code_______ (back of card) Signature ______________________________________ * As a non-profit, non-partisan organization, your donation is eligible for a tax deduction. We’d like to keep in touch. Can we add you to our weekly electronic KidsFlash newsletter? What are your interest areas? Children’s Health Early Childhood Development and Learning COLORADO CHILDREN’S CAMPAIGN 1580 Lincoln Street, Suite 420 • Denver, CO 80203 K-12 Education Yes No Introduction in Colorado 2015 Children in communities across Colorado—whether large or small, rural or urban, on the Eastern Plains or the Western Slope—face opportunities and obstacles to reaching their full potential. While some challenges are similar, many are very different depending on the community environment and the resources available to support children and families. Although poverty, for example, is harmful for children no matter where they live, it often presents different challenges for families in rural communities than for those in urban areas. In an effort to better understand how these opportunities and obstacles affect kids around the state, this year’s KIDS COUNT examines differences in child well-being by community type. We hope that examining the data through this lens will provide insight into the nuances of child well-being that exist across the state in order to make sure children have access to what they need to learn and grow, no matter where they live. There are many methods for classifying communities as urban or rural. Each method has its own benefits and drawbacks. Finding a system that works for Colorado was especially difficult; many of the methods of classifying counties as urban or rural do not take into account the complications posed by our state’s diverse terrain and mountain landscapes that separate some communities from urban areas. Many methods classify counties within close proximity to Denver, such as Gilpin or Park counties, as urban, despite the fact that these areas are sparsely populated and are separated from the Denver area by mountains. Ultimately, we chose to use a method that classifies counties based on factors other than proximity to an urban area: population density, the percent of the county’s population that lives in a rural area, and whether the county is home to an urban area of at least 10,000 people. Using this system, known as the Isserman method, we divided Colorado’s 64 counties into four categories: urban, mixed urban, mixed rural and rural.1 We recognize that diversity exists within these four county types. While Grand County and Kiowa County, for example, are both rural communities, their major industries, population makeup and landscape differ significantly. We also recognize that diversity exists even within counties. El Paso County, for example, is home to urban areas such as Colorado Springs, but it also encompasses many small rural communities. No method can perfectly capture the nuances of each Colorado community, but we believe the one selected and used throughout KIDS COUNT is most appropriate for Colorado. It is important to note that while obstacles such as poverty, lack of access to health care, or child abuse and neglect may present different challenges in rural and urban communities, we know that all Colorado children need the same basic things. Whether they live in an apartment in the city or a house on the plains, they need a safe and stable home, healthy, nutritious food, support to reach their educational goals, and a positive relationship with a nurturing caregiver, among others. In this, our 30th year, the Colorado Children’s Campaign remains committed to ensuring every chance for every Colorado child, no matter where they grow up. 1 I sserman, A. M. (2005). In the national interest: Defining rural and urban correctly in public policy. International Regional Science Review 28(4), pp. 465-499. 1 County and School District Classifications in Colorado 2015 In the Demographics, Family Economic Security, Health, and Early Childhood sections of KIDS COUNT, an approach known as the Isserman method is used to designate counties as one of four types: rural, mixed rural, mixed urban or urban. Among Colorado’s 64 counties, 42 are rural; 15 are mixed rural; four are urban; and three are mixed urban (Figure 1). The criteria for each county type are as follows: • Rural: Population density is less than 500 people per square mile and 90 percent of population lives in rural areas or the county has no urban area of 10,000 or more; • Urban: Population density is at least 500 people per square mile, 90 percent of population lives in urban areas and the urbanized areas include at least 50,000 people or 90 percent of the county’s population; • Mixed rural: Meets neither rural nor urban criteria and has a population density of fewer than 320 people per square mile; • Mixed urban: Meets neither rural nor urban criteria and has a population density of at least 320 people per square mile.2 Population data used in classifying counties come from the 2010 U.S. Census. Figure 1 County Designations SEDGWICK JACKSON MOFFAT LOGAN LARIMER PHILLIPS WELD ROUTT MORGAN GRAND RIO BLANCO GARFIELD EAGLE PITKIN BOULDER BROOMFIELD ADAMS GILPIN DENVER CLEAR ARAPAHOE CREEK JEFFERSON SUMMIT LAKE MESA DOUGLAS PARK TELLER CHAFFEE 3 2 I sserman, A. M. (2005). In the national interest: Defining rural and urban correctly in public policy. International Regional Science Review 28(4), pp. 465499. olorado Department of EduC cation. (2014). Rural definition. Retrieved from http://www. cde.state.co.us/ruraledcouncil/rural_definition_spreadsheet_042114. CUSTER SAGUACHE SAN MIGUEL DOLORES SAN JUANHINSDALE MINERAL ALAMOSA RIO GRANDE MONTEZUMA LA PLATA Urban (4 counties) CHEYENNE EL PASO KIOWA “A Colorado school district is determined to be rural based on the size of the district, the distance from the nearest large urban/urbanized area, and having a student enrollment of approximately 6,500 students or fewer. Small rural districts are those districts meeting these same criteria and having a student population of fewer than 1,000 students.”3 CROWLEY OURAY 2 KIT CARSON ELBERT FREMONT MONTROSE YUMA LINCOLN DELTA GUNNISON WASHINGTON In the Education section of this report, school district designations developed by the Colorado Department of Education (CDE) are used to classify districts as either small rural, rural or urban/suburban. CDE uses the following definition to identify small rural and rural districts: ARCHULETA CONEJOS OTERO BENT PROWERS HUERFANO COSTILLA Mixed urban (3 counties) PUEBLO LAS ANIMAS Mixed rural (15 counties) BACA Rural (42 counties) Using this definition, 105 school districts are considered small rural, 44 are rural and 29 are considered urban/ suburban. For a complete list of school districts and their designations, please see the Appendix on page 91. Colorado Child Well-Being Index in Colorado 2015 Children need many things to grow up healthy, safe and educated, making it difficult to assess child well-being by looking at a single indicator. The Colorado Child Well-Being Index provides a holistic picture of how children are faring in Colorado’s largest 25 counties by using 12 indicators to assess children’s health, education, and family and community support. The data show that child well-being in Colorado varies widely from community to community. In communities where children face a number of risk factors, the cumulative effect of these challenges can make it difficult for a child to succeed. On the other hand, communities where children have numerous assets working in their favor provide greater opportunities for success. No community lacks an opportunity for improvement, and every Colorado community has assets that help children grow up healthy and strong. By harnessing each community’s strengths and mitigating the effects of its risk factors, we can ensure that all Colorado children have a bright future. Due to data limitations and in the interest of reliability, only Colorado’s 25 largest counties are included in the Colorado Child WellBeing Index. These 25 counties are home to approximately 95 percent of Colorado’s child population under 18, or 1,185,502 children in 2013 (Table 1).4 The counties ranked in this analysis are shaded in Figure 2. The indicators used were selected based on their significance to child well-being and the availability of consistent, reliable data. Table 1 Counties Analyzed Figure 2 and the 2013 Child Population Child Population County 131,778 Adams 149,418 Arapahoe 64,542 Boulder 14,912 Broomfield 6,415 Delta 142,562 Denver 86,916 Douglas 12,701 Eagle 168,039 El Paso 5,208 Elbert 7,686 Fremont 15,335 Garfield 116,356 Jefferson 10,599 La Plata 66,416 Larimer 4,207 Logan 34,050 Mesa 5,847 Montezuma 9,640 Montrose 7,753 Morgan 37,983 Pueblo 4,747 Routt 5,000 Summit 4,353 Teller 73,039 Weld SEDGWICK JACKSON MOFFAT LOGAN LARIMER PHILLIPS WELD ROUTT MORGAN GRAND RIO BLANCO GARFIELD EAGLE PITKIN BOULDER BROOMFIELD ADAMS GILPIN CLEAR CREEK DENVER ARAPAHOE SUMMIT JEFFERSON LAKE MESA DOUGLAS PARK WASHINGTON YUMA KIT CARSON ELBERT LINCOLN DELTA TELLER GUNNISON CHAFFEE CHEYENNE EL PASO FREMONT MONTROSE KIOWA CROWLEY OURAY SAGUACHE SAN MIGUEL CUSTER HINSDALE DOLORES SAN JUAN MINERAL ALAMOSA RIO GRANDE MONTEZUMA LA PLATA ARCHULETA CONEJOS PUEBLO OTERO BENT PROWERS HUERFANO COSTILLA LAS ANIMAS BACA 4 olorado State Demography C Office. Estimates obtained November 14, 2014. 3 Colorado Child Well-Being Index in Colorado 2015 The table and map (Table 2, Figure 3) indicate how the 25 counties included in the index ranked in child well-being, based on the composite score of the 12 key indicators. The county ranked the highest (best), based on the index, is Douglas County, for the fourth year in a row. Elbert County ranked second, and Broomfield County ranked third. The three counties ranked the lowest on the composite index are Montezuma, Denver and Pueblo. This year marks the first year that Denver County has not ranked lowest in overall child well-being. The indicators included in the index are listed below, and definitions and individual indicator rankings can be found throughout KIDS COUNT. Health Indicators • Teen birth rate (page 25) • Low birthweight births (page 28) • Infant mortality rate (page 30) • Uninsured children (page 39) • Overweight and obese children (page 46) • Single-parent families (page 11) • Children in poverty (page 16) • Births to women without a high school diploma or GED (page 27) • Families relying on low-cost food (page 44) Table 2 Figure 3 County Douglas Elbert Broomfield Boulder Larimer Jefferson Routt El Paso Summit Teller La Plata Eagle Logan* Garfield Weld Arapahoe Mesa Morgan Montrose Fremont Adams Delta Pueblo Denver Montezuma Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13* 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Education Indicators Family and Economic Indicators Change from 2014 ------------------Up 1 Up 2 Up 4 Down 3 Down 2 Up 2 Down 2* Up 2 ---Up 1 Down 5 Up 1 Up 1 Down 2 Up 2 Down 1 Down 1 Up 1 Down 1 • Fourth-graders not proficient in reading (page 80) • High school dropout rate (page 86) • Teens not attending school and not working (page 88) Overall Child Well-Being LOGAN 13 LARIMER 5 ROUTT WELD 15 7 MORGAN 18 BOULDER 4 BROOMFIELD 3 GARFIELD 14 EAGLE 12 SUMMIT 9 ADAMS 21 DENVER 24 ARAPAHOE 16 JEFFERSON 6 MESA 17 ELBERT 2 TELLER DELTA 22 MONTROSE 19 DOUGLAS 1 10 EL PASO 8 FREMONT 20 PUEBLO 23 MONTEZUMA 25 Rank LA PLATA 11 1 - 5 Best Overall Child Well-Being 6 - 10 11 - 15 16 - 20 21 - 25 Worst Overall Child Well-Being *Important note: A large correctional facility located within Logan County was sampled as part of the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2012 American Community Survey. The inclusion of these incarcerated persons artificially inflated the number of teens ages 16 to 19 who were not enrolled in school and not working in this community, one of the indicators included in the Child Well-Being Index. Due to this data anomaly, it was necessary to use previous years of data from 2007-2011 for this indicator in Logan County. Therefore, Logan County’s ranking in the 2015 index should be interpreted with caution. 4 Child and Family Demographics in Colorado 2015 Child Population Colorado’s child population continues to grow. In 2013, Colorado was home to 1,249,252 children—an increase of more than 140,000 children since 2000.5 The child population has grown faster in Colorado than in the U.S. as a whole. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the number of children living in Colorado grew by 12 percent between 2000 and 2013—the eighth-fastest increase in the country. In comparison, the total number of children in the United States grew by only 1.7 percent during that time period.6 Most of the growth in the country’s child population is driven by states in the southern and southwestern regions of the country, including Colorado, Nevada, Utah, Texas and North Carolina. What is Driving Changes in Colorado’s Child Population? It is difficult to pinpoint a single factor driving the increase in Colorado’s child population. Births to Coloradans and migration from other states or countries both contribute to population increases. Among Colorado’s total population, migration into the state was responsible for nearly 60 percent of the population growth between 2000 and 2010. Natural increase (the number of babies born minus the number of deaths in the state) drove approximately 40 percent of the growth.7 The birth rate is an important contributor to changes in the child population. After several years of increases in the early to mid-2000s, Colorado’s birth rate began to decline steadily during the Great Recession. After peaking in 2006 at approximately 71 live births per 1,000 women ages 15 to 44, the birth rate in Colorado fell to approximately 62 births per 1,000 women in 2013 (Figure 4). The number of births in 2013 was lower than at any other point in the past decade.8 Families moving into or out of Colorado also contribute to changes in the child population. In Colorado, the share of the child population that was born in a different state is higher than the national average. In 2013, 23 percent of Colorado children ages birth to 17 were born in a different state, compared to 18 percent of children nationwide.9 Colorado Birth Rate Figure 4 Live Births Per 1,000 Women Ages 15 to 44 80 70 67 per 1,000 60 5 olorado State Demography C Office. Estimates obtained November 21, 2014. 6 .S. Census Bureau, Population U Division. 7 eGroen, C. (2014). Colorado D State Demography Office. Colorado Population Forecast. Presented at the State Demography Annual Meeting on November 7, 2014. 8 olorado Department of PubC lic Health and Environment. Live births to females ages 15 to 44 9 .S. Census Bureau, 2013 U American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. 62 per 1,000 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 5 Child and Family Demographics in Colorado 2015 Child Population by County Type Figure 5 Colorado’s Child Population by County Type, 2013 In 2013, mixed rural counties were home to the largest share of Colorado children (37 percent of the state’s child population, or 460,723 kids). Urban counties had the second-largest share of the child population, with 34 percent of Colorado kids living in one of the state’s four urban counties (Arapahoe, Broomfield, Denver and Jefferson counties). Approximately 23 percent of children lived in mixed urban counties in 2013, while rural counties were home to 7 percent of the state’s children (Figure 5). Table 3 6 Rural 7% Mixed rural 37% Urban 34% Mixed urban 23% Table 4 Ten Counties with the Largest Percentage Increase in Child Population, 2000-2013 Ten Counties with the Largest Percentage Decrease in Child Population, 2000-2013 County Name Child Population Change County Type County Name Child Population Change County Type Douglas + 52 percent Mixed urban Bent - 41 percent Rural Weld + 41 percent Mixed rural Mineral - 41 percent Rural San Miguel + 32 percent Rural Jackson - 39 percent Rural Adams + 32 percent Mixed urban Crowley - 37 percent Rural Broomfield + 31 percent Urban Huerfano - 36 percent Rural Garfield + 28 percent Mixed rural Kiowa - 30 percent Rural Eagle + 26 percent Mixed rural Baca - 30 percent Rural Denver + 17 percent Urban Lincoln - 29 percent Rural El Paso + 17 percent Mixed rural Clear Creek - 29 percent Rural Gunnison + 17 percent Rural Cheyenne - 28 percent Rural Child and Family Demographics in Colorado 2015 While Colorado’s overall child population has grown during the past decade, this growth has not been evenly distributed across the state. Many mixed urban and mixed rural counties such as Douglas, Weld and Adams counties experienced significant growth in their child populations, while the majority of rural communities in Colorado saw their child populations decline (Figure 6). Among Colorado’s 42 rural counties, the child population declined in all but seven counties between 2000 and 2013. Some rural communities, such as Bent and Mineral counties, saw their child populations decline by more than one-third during this time period.10 Figure 6 Change in Child Population, 2000-2013 Sedgwick Jackson Moffat Logan Larimer Phillips Weld Routt Morgan Grand Boulder Rio Blanco Gilpin Eagle Garfield Pitkin Adams Denver Clear Creek Arapahoe Jefferson Summit Douglas Lake Mesa Yuma Washington Broomfield Kit Carson Elbert Park Lincoln Delta Teller Gunnison Cheyenne El Paso Chaffee Fremont Montrose Kiowa Crowley Ouray San Miguel Dolores Hinsdale San Juan Otero Mineral Rio Grande Montezuma Pueblo Custer Saguache -41% to -27% Prowers Huerfano Alamosa La Plata Archuleta Bent Conejos -26% to -12% Costilla -11% to -1% Baca Las Animas 0% to 17% 18% to 52% 10 olorado State Demography C Office. 7 Child and Family Demographics in Colorado 2015 Population Trends in Rural Areas Nationwide, the rural landscape has changed significantly during the past half century. Many of these national demographic shifts can be seen here in Colorado. In most rural counties, net migration out of communities is not a new phenomenon. For the past several decades, many young adults have left their rural communities in search of education or employment opportunities elsewhere.11 However, in the past, natural increase (births minus deaths) was great enough to maintain population growth. More recently, falling birth rates and an aging rural population combined with migration out of rural communities have contributed to child population loss in many, although not all, rural areas.12 Economic opportunity plays a factor in rural population changes. On average, rural communities are not rebounding from the Great Recession as quickly as urban areas. While post-recession unemployment rates have declined nationwide, the decline in many rural areas is due to a reduction in labor force participation (i.e., people are no longer looking for work because they are not finding employment). Job growth has continued in urban areas, but stalled in many rural areas, and rural-urban disparities in wage and salary earnings continue.13 In the midst of these economic challenges, some rural areas, especially traditional farming communities, are struggling to maintain a population base and improve non-agricultural job opportunities.14 Population loss can lead to a loss of economic vitality and fewer employment opportunities for those who are left. It can also pose challenges in providing public services such as education and health care. In small school districts, for example, the loss of state per-pupil funding from a handful of students moving out of the district can result in a significant cut to the district’s budget. This loss of funding can make it difficult to provide adequate services for the students who remain. 8 11 ’Hare, W. P., & Johnson, K. M. O (2004). Child poverty in rural America. Reports on America 4(1). Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau. 12 ural America at a Glance, R 2013 Edition; USDA, ERS 2013 http://www.ers.usda.gov/ media/1216457/eb-24_singlepages.pdf. 13 Ibid. 14 olicy Options for a Changing P Rural America, ERS 2007 http://people.oregonstate. edu/~hammerr/Soc475/ Policy/Policy_Options_for_a_ Changing_Rural_America.pdf. 15 Ibid. No two rural areas are the same, however, especially in Colorado. In the past few decades, rural communities across the country with proximity to metro areas and recreational opportunities have experienced population growth. Rural counties in Colorado with tourism or recreation industries, as well as emerging energy industries, have seen an increase in employment opportunities and population growth in many cases. These rural communities often are facing an opposite problem: growing pains borne out of economic transformation and rapid population increases. Community leaders in these areas are struggling to provide new roads, schools and other community services to meet growing demand.15 With changes in employment opportunities, birth rates and migration patterns, a community’s population is nearly always in flux. Whether a community is experiencing growing pains or complications from population decline, it is important to consider how population trends impact the resources available to children and families. Child and Family Demographics in Colorado 2015 Increasing Population Diversity As the number of Colorado children has grown, the racial and ethnic makeup of the child population has changed as well. NonHispanic white children have historically been the majority of kids in Colorado, but recent trends indicate this will change in the near future. Between 2000 and 2013, children of color have made up an increasingly large share of Colorado’s child population, largely driven by an increase in the number of Hispanic/Latino children. In 2013, nearly a third (31 percent) of the children in Colorado were Hispanic/Latino, compared to about a quarter (24 percent) in 2000. Meanwhile, the percentage of children who are non-Hispanic white declined from 66 percent in 2000 to 57 percent in 2013 (Figure 7).16 Racial and ethnic diversity exists in both rural and urban communities across Colorado, but data show that some types of communities are more diverse than others. Among the four county types used in this report, Colorado’s urban communities were the most diverse, according to data from the 2010 Census. Children of color made up 50 percent of the child population in Colorado’s urban 28% 67% communities in 2010. Colorado’s rural communities were the least diverse, although children of color still made up nearly one third 17 of the child population in these communities (Figure 8). Figure 7 al Colorado’s Child Population by Race/Ethnicity 1% 2% 2% 3% 4% 28% 62% 1% 1% 66% 2000 an 24% 4% 3% 59% 1% Non-Hispanic white 2% 3% 4% 31% 2% Hispanic/Latino Black 2013 50% 1% 57% 31% 4% 4% Two or more races 10% 20% 0% 10% 30% 20% Non-Hispanic white Figure 8 30% 40% 40% Hispanic/Latino 60%50% 70% 50% Black 90% 60% 100% 80% 4% 4% 1% American Indian 3% 0% 8% 33%Asian Two or more races 70% Asian 80% 90% 100% American Indian 2010 Child Population: Race/Ethnicity by County Type 1% Rural Mixed rural 2% 2% 28% 67% 3% 4% 28% 62% 1% 1% Mixed urban 2% 3% 4% 31% 59% U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 16 Urban 8% 33% 50% 4% 4% 1% U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census. 17 0% 10% 20% Non-Hispanic white 30% 40% Hispanic/Latino 50% Black 60% Two or more races 70% Asian 80% 90% 100% American Indian 9 Child and Family Demographics in Colorado 2015 Colorado Households Mirroring national trends, more and more Colorado children are living in single-parent families. The number of Colorado kids living in single-parent families has increased by approximately 86,000 children since 2000. Approximately 30 percent of Colorado children lived in a single-parent family in 2013, up from 26 percent in 2000. Even when this increase is taken into account, however, children in Colorado remain more likely to live in a married-couple family than children in the U.S. as a whole (Figure 9).18 While children in singleparent families can certainly thrive, living in a single-parent family puts children at a higher risk of living in poverty and also increases their likelihood of dropping out of school or becoming a teen parent.19 Figure 9 Children in Families by Household Type 100% 5% 90% 19% 80% 7% 6% 8% 22% 24% 26% 70% Single male-headed households 60% 50% 40% 75% 30% 70% 69% 66% Single female-headed households Married-couple households 20% 10% 0% Colorado, 2000 Colorado, 2013 U.S., 2000 U.S., 2013 Among the four county types, children in Colorado’s urban counties were most likely to live in a single-parent family between 2009 and 2013. Nearly one-third (30 percent) of children in urban counties lived in a single-parent family, compared to 26 percent of children in mixed rural or rural communities and 22 percent of children in mixed urban counties (Figure 10).20 Figure 10 Colorado Children in Single-Parent Families, 2009-2013 35% 18 19 20 10 opulation Reference Bureau, P analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census and 2013 American Community Survey. As reported by the Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT Data Center. ather, M. (2010). U.S. chilM dren in single-mother families. Population Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C. Retrieved from http://www.prb.org/ pdf10/single-motherfamilies. pdf. .S. Census Bureau. 2009U 2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Averages. 30% 30% 25% 20% 15% 26% 26% 22% 10% 5% 0% Mixed urban Mixed rural Rural Urban Child and Family Demographics in Colorado 2015 Colorado Child Well-Being Index: Children in Single-Parent Families The percent of children in single-parent families varies widely among the counties included in the Child Well-Being Index. On average, between 2011 and 2013, Elbert County had the lowest percentage of children in single-parent families at 13 percent. Children in Montezuma County, where 41 percent of kids lived in single-parent households, were the most likely to live in a single-parent family (Table 5, Figure 11).21 Table 5 Figure 11 Elbert 13% Douglas 15% Routt 20% Garfield 21% Eagle 21% Morgan Logan 22% 22% Larimer 23% Boulder 23% Boulder Broomfield Denver Garfield Eagle Summit Jefferson Adams Arapahoe Douglas 24% Montrose 25% La Plata 25% Delta 25% Elbert Mesa Delta Jefferson 27% El Paso 27% Adams 27% Arapahoe Weld Routt Broomfield Weld Logan Larimer Teller El Paso Fremont Montrose Pueblo 29% Summit 31% Morgan 31% Montezuma Teller 33% Mesa 33% Denver 35% Fremont La Plata 13% to 15% 16% to 23% 24% to 27% 28% to 33% 34% to 41% No Data 36% Pueblo 38% Montezuma 41% U.S. Census Bureau, 2011-2013 American Community Survey 3-year averages. 21 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 11 Family Economic Security The past several years have been a time of economic uncertainty for families in every corner of our state. In 2013, however, new data provided a reason for cautious optimism when Colorado’s child poverty rate declined for the first time in five years. Even so, far too many of our state’s children—more than one in six— still live with the daily challenges of being poor. Urban, suburban and rural communities alike have experienced economic hardship and rising child poverty rates during the past decade. Poverty is harmful to children no matter where they live, but the specific challenges of living in poverty can often look very different for children in urban and rural communities. In Colorado, children who live in urban areas are twice as likely as their rural peers to live in high-poverty areas, known as areas of concentrated poverty. Living in a community where poverty is persistent and prevalent presents added challenges on top of the everyday hardships of being poor. In these communities, crime and violence are all too common, housing is typically substandard and schools are often under-funded and struggle to meet the needs of a student population that is overwhelmingly poor. And in neighborhoods where poverty is rampant, children often have few examples to look to for inspiration. Escaping poverty may not seem possible. Rural poverty, on the other hand, is often portrayed as “hidden.” One source described the 20 percent of poor American children who live in rural areas as the “forgotten fifth.”22 Although rural poverty may not always be visible, more than 18,000 children in Colorado’s rural counties lived in poverty in 2013—nearly one in four rural children. These children, unlike most of their urban peers, are geographically disconnected from much-needed resources. Families in need of assistance—from food banks, health care providers or social service agencies—may have to drive hundreds of miles roundtrip in order to receive it, a journey that can be difficult or even impossible if the family cannot afford to put gas in the car or cannot afford a reliable car at all. And some rural communities lack the infrastructure to help families cope with the symptoms of poverty. One rural provider noted that homelessness was a growing problem among families with children, but the county had no shelter to house them until their housing situations stabilized. In short, the resources that could help children and families escape poverty are often out of reach for many of those in rural areas. While the hardships associated with poverty may appear different in rural and urban areas, one aspect of poverty remains the same: too often it prevents kids from reaching their full potential. It is up to all of us to ensure all children in communities across Colorado have the support they need to fulfill their goals and aspirations. O’Hare, W.P. (2009). The forgotten fifth: Child poverty in rural America. Durham, NH: The Carsey Institute. 22 12 Family Economic Security in Colorado 2015 What is Poverty? The 2013 Federal Poverty Guidelines Table 6 Persons in Family or Household 100 Percent of Poverty 130 Percent of 150 Percent of 185 Percent of Poverty Poverty Poverty 200 Percent of Poverty 250 Percent of Poverty 300 Percent of Poverty 1 $11,490 $14,937 $17,235 $21,257 $22,980 $28,725 $34,470 2 $15,510 $20,163 $23,265 $28,694 $31,020 $38,775 $46,530 3 $19,530 $25,389 $29,295 $36,131 $39,060 $48,825 $58,590 4 $23,550 $30,615 $35,325 $43,568 $47,100 $58,875 $70,650 5 $27,570 $35,841 $41,355 $51,005 $55,140 $68,925 $82,710 6 $31,590 $41,067 $47,385 $58,442 $63,180 $78,975 $94,770 7 $35,610 $46,293 $53,415 $65,879 $71,220 $89,025 $106,830 8 $39,630 $51,519 $59,445 $73,316 $79,260 $99,075 $118,890 The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services issues annual guidelines defining the amount of income for the poverty level for individuals and families in the United States (Table 6).23 Eligibility for programs such as Medicaid, the Colorado Child Care Assistance Program (CCCAP) and the National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs is determined by using percentages of the federal poverty level (FPL). The federal poverty level is not a perfect measure of whether or not a family is experiencing financial hardship, however. Many experts consider it to be outdated and inadequate. Significant flaws with the measure include: •N o adjustment for differences in cost of living from place to place. The cost of living varies dramatically across Colorado. According to the Self-Sufficiency Standard for Colorado 2011, the cost of living for a two-parent family with an infant and a preschooler in Pitkin County is nearly twice as high as the cost of living for a similar family in Baca County.24 Despite these differences, the federal poverty level is the same in both communities. •A n outdated method of determining the amount of income a family needs to get by. The federal poverty measure was originally developed in the early 1960s and has not been modified to account for significant changes in the average American family’s expenses. When it was developed, the federal poverty level was based on food costs, and the average American family spent one-third of its income on food. Because the average family’s expenses have changed since the measure was devised, food is no longer such a large portion of an American household’s budget. Housing, transportation, health care and child care costs have risen dramatically, but they are not accounted for in the federal poverty level. As a consequence, most experts agree that the federal poverty measure underestimates the true cost of supporting a family. According to more realistic estimates, families need income of about twice the official poverty level to meet basic needs for their families (200 percent of the FPL as indicated in Table 6).25 •F ailure to account for certain benefits or expenses. The current federal poverty measure does not account for the value of benefits such as food stamps, low-income housing vouchers or tax credits, as well as common expenses such as taxes or outof-pocket health care costs. 23 .S. Department of Health U and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. Federal Register, Vol. 78, No. 16, January 24, 2013, pp. 5182-5183. 24 olorado Center on Law C and Policy & The Center for Women’s Welfare. (2011). The Self-Sufficiency Standard for Colorado 2011. 25 .S. Department of Health U and Human Services. Further Resources on Poverty Measurement, Poverty Lines, and Their History. 13 Family Economic Security in Colorado 2015 A New Approach to Measuring Poverty Recent years have seen renewed attempts to more accurately quantify the amount of income the average American family requires to meet basic needs. The Census Bureau, with help from other government agencies, has developed an experimental poverty measure called the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM). While the official poverty measure only considers pretax income and cash benefits, the Supplemental Poverty Measure takes into account common expenses such as health care costs, transportation expenses and taxes, as well as government benefits such as the Earned Income Tax Credit and benefits from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly known as food stamps), when calculating a family’s income (Table 7).26,27 Currently, there are no plans to replace the official poverty measure with the Supplemental Poverty Measure, but it provides a helpful comparison to the poverty rates derived from the official measure. Table 7 How Resources are Calculated Using the Supplemental Poverty Measure Income, Plus... Tax credits such as the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) Taxes Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) Expenses related to work National School Lunch Program Child care expenses Special Supplementary Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Medical out-of-pocket expenses Housing subsidies Child support paid Low-income home energy assistance Table modified from: Short, K. (2014). The Supplemental Poverty Measure 2013. 14 26 reenberg, M. (2009, August G 25). It’s time for a better poverty measure. Washington, DC: Center for American Progress. 27 U.S. Census Bureau. (2014). The Research Supplemental Poverty Measure: 2013. Minus... Family Economic Security in Colorado 2015 Child Poverty After several years of troubling increases in the child poverty rate, the percent of children living in poverty declined in Colorado and across the country between 2012 and 2013. This drop marked the first decrease in Colorado’s child poverty rate since 2008. According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey, 17 percent of Colorado children under 18 lived in poverty in 2013 (approximately 207,000 children), down from 18 percent (224,000 children) in 2012 (Figure 12). In 2013, poverty was defined as annual income at or below $23,550 for a family of four.28 Despite the recent decline in the child poverty rate, the child poverty landscape in Colorado looks very different today than it did in 2000. Between 2000 and 2007, the percent of children living in poverty in Colorado soared from 10 percent to 16 percent—an increase of more than 100,000 children. During that time period, child poverty grew faster in Colorado than in any other state in the nation. While the increase in child poverty has slowed since 2007, nearly twice as many Colorado children lived in poverty in 2013 as in 2000. Thousands of Colorado families have yet to feel the effects of the economic recovery as the child poverty rate remains above its pre-recession levels.29 Figure 12 Children Under 18 in Poverty 25% 22% 20% 17% 17% 15% U.S. 10% 10% Colorado 5% 28 .S. Census Bureau, 2013 U American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. 29 opulation Reference Bureau, P analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census and 2013 American Community Survey. As reported by the Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT Data Center 20 13 20 12 20 11 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 00 0% 15 Family Economic Security in Colorado 2015 Colorado Child Well-Being Index: Children in Poverty by County Child poverty is an issue that impacts every Colorado community, whether large or small, urban or rural. Some communities have experienced high poverty levels for generations, while others are struggling to provide support to growing numbers of poor children and families for the first time. Historically, Colorado’s highest child poverty rates have been found in the San Luis Valley and the southeastern region of the state. Three counties in the San Luis Valley (Alamosa, Costilla and Saguache counties) are considered “persistently poor” counties. These counties have had at least 20 percent of their overall population living in poverty during the past 30 years, as measured by the 1980, 1990 and 2000 decennial censuses and the 2007-2011 American Community Survey.30 Poverty that persists through generations presents unique challenges for a community, not only because of the decades of economic hardship but also due to the fact that persistently poor counties are often geographically isolated from other resources.31 Among the 25 counties included in the Child Well-Being Index, Fremont County had the highest child poverty rate in 2013, with 31 percent of children living in poverty. Douglas County had the lowest child poverty rate of 4 percent (Table 8, Figure 13).32 Table 8 Douglas Figure 13 4% Broomfield 7% Elbert 12% 13% Larimer 13% Jefferson 13% Boulder 13% 31 32 16 ousing Assistance Council. H (n.d.). Persistent poverty. Retrieved from http://www. ruralhome.org/sct-initiatives/ mn-persistent-poverty. Pitkin Mesa 19% Logan 19% Ouray Dolores 23% Montezuma 27% Denver Montezuma 30% Fremont 31% 10% 20% 30% Hinsdale San Juan Cheyenne Kiowa Mineral Rio Grande Bent Prowers Huerfano Alamosa La Plata 4% to 10% 40% Pueblo Custer Saguache Otero Archuleta 29% 0% Chaffee Fremont San Miguel 22% Pueblo Lincoln El Paso Crowley 20% Delta Kit Carson Elbert Park Montrose 18% Arapahoe Teller Gunnison 17% Denver Jefferson Delta 17% Adams Douglas Lake Mesa 16% Morgan Summit Yuma Washington Broomfield Clear Creek Eagle Garfield 15% Montrose .S. Census Bureau, 2013 U Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE). Gilpin 15% Adams Boulder Rio Blanco Teller Arapahoe Phillips Weld Morgan La Plata Weld Larimer Grand 14% Garfield Logan Routt 14% Eagle .S. Department of AgriculU ture, Economic Research Service. (2014). Geography of poverty. Retrieved from http://www.ers.usda.gov/ topics/rural-economy-population/rural-poverty-wellbeing/geography-of-poverty. aspx. Jackson Moffat Summit El Paso 30 Sedgwick 9% Routt Conejos 11% to 17% Costilla 18% to 23% Baca Las Animas 24% to 31% 32% to 43% Family Economic Security in Colorado 2015 Variations in Child Poverty by County Type On average, child poverty rates were highest in Colorado’s rural counties in 2013. Nearly a quarter (23 percent) of children in rural communities lived in poverty, compared to about one-fifth of children (19 percent) in urban counties and 16 percent of children in mixed rural counties. Mixed urban communities had the lowest child poverty rate at 12 percent (Figure 14).33 Children in rural and mixed rural communities appear to have been hit harder by the Great Recession. These two county types experienced the largest jumps in their child poverty rates between 2007 and 2009. During the economic recovery, the child poverty rate in mixed rural communities began to decline, but poverty rates for children in urban and rural communities remained high. In 2013, child poverty rates in these two types of counties were higher than they were at the end of the recession in 2009. Changes in the child poverty rate tend to reflect changes in parental employment since poverty is measured by income. Comparing 2013 employment levels to peak employment levels before the recession illustrates the slower pace of the economic recovery in many of Colorado’s rural communities. Overall, the state of Colorado has exceeded its pre-recession peak level of employment, but only four of Colorado’s 42 rural counties (Conejos, Costilla, Lake and Phillips) and three of the state’s mixed rural counties (Larimer, El Paso and Weld) had reached this milestone as of 2013. Employment levels had yet to reach 90 percent of their pre-recession peaks in 15 of Colorado’s rural counties.34 The geographic patterns in child poverty in Colorado mirror national trends, as child poverty rates have historically been higher in rural areas than in urban areas across the U.S. Nationally, the child poverty rate for rural areas hit a record high of 27 percent in 2012. 35 Figure 14 Child Poverty Rates by County Type 2007 2009 2013 25% 20% 15% 10% 17% 12% 12% 12% 14% 16% 18% 18% 19% 20% 22% 23% 33 .S. Census Bureau. 2007U 2013 Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE). 34 olorado State Demography C Office. Economic outlook: Connecting to compete – Opportunities and challenges in broadband. Presented at the State Demography Annual Meeting on November 7, 2014. 35 nited States Department of U Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Rural poverty and well-being: Poverty overview. Retrieved from http:// www.ers.usda.gov/topics/. 5% 0% Mixed urban Mixed rural Urban Rural 17 Family Economic Security in Colorado 2015 Poverty by Race and Ethnicity In order for Colorado to thrive now and into the future, all children must have the opportunity to reach their full potential. Unfortunately, poverty and its accompanying challenges—a lack of access to healthy foods, crowded or substandard housing and high levels of stress, for example—are preventing too many Colorado children from being able to reach their goals. During the past decade, a time of staggering increases in Colorado’s child poverty rate, poverty has become more prevalent among children from all backgrounds. Children of color, however, are particularly at risk for living in poverty both in Colorado and across the United States. Poverty rates decreased for children of all racial and ethnic backgrounds between 2012 and 2013, but the gaps between children of color and their non-Hispanic white peers remained very wide. In 2013, Black/African-American and Hispanic/Latino children were more than three times as likely to live in poverty as non-Hispanic white children (Figure 15). Children of two or more races were nearly twice as likely to live in poverty.36 Across the spectrum of child well-being, children of color have historically faced more barriers to opportunity. The future prosperity of Colorado depends on our ability to ensure all Colorado families have the opportunity to meet their children’s most basic needs. Figure 15 Colorado Child Poverty Rates by Race/Ethnicity 45% 40% 2007 41% 2012 2013 35% 33% 30% 28% 25% 32% 31% 29% 20% 15% 18% 16% 19% 19% 17% 16% 10% 14% 11% 5% 36 18 opulation Reference Bureau, P analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 2007, 2012 and 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. As reported by the Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT Data Center. 10% 8% 9% 0% All Children Black Hispanic Two or More Races Asian* Non-Hispanic White *Poverty rates for Asian children were not available in 2012 due to a small sample size. Poverty rates are unavailable for American Indian children for the same reason. Family Economic Security in Colorado 2015 Children in High-Poverty Areas Poverty at the individual or family level affects nearly every aspect of a child’s life. A poor child who lives in a very poor community, however, faces a double disadvantage. Residents of high-poverty communities, or those living in “concentrated poverty,” are often socially and geographically isolated from important resources that could otherwise help them escape poverty. Many highpoverty communities lack employers that pay a living wage or high-quality child care. Traditional childhood activities such as playing outside often become dangerous due to neighborhood crime and violence. Communities with high poverty levels often have schools that are equipped with limited resources but tasked with educating children with significant needs. And poor public transportation in some areas of concentrated poverty compounds many of these problems.37 As a result of these disadvantages, children living Figure 16 Colorado Children Living in high-poverty communities are more likely to in Concentrated Poverty suffer from harmful levels of stress and behavioral 120,000 or emotional problems, even if their families have incomes well above the official poverty line.38 100,000 103,000 80,000 Communities in which the overall poverty rate exceeds 30 percent are considered “high-poverty 60,000 areas” or communities with concentrated poverty. 40,000 In Colorado, the number of children living in areas of concentrated poverty more than quadrupled 20,000 between 2000 and 2009-2013. More than 100,000 20,000 0 Colorado children (8 percent of all kids) lived in 2000 2009-2013 a high-poverty area between 2009 and 2013 (Figure 39 16). Children in urban communities are more than twice as likely to live in a high-poverty area as children in rural communities (Figure 17).40 However, the concentration of poverty is not solely an urban problem. Of the five Colorado counties with the highest percentage of children living in concentrated poverty between 2009 and 2013, four were either rural or mixed rural (Gunnison, Alamosa, Prowers and Pueblo counties). Figure 17 Children Living in Concentrated Poverty by County Type, 2009-2013 37 ommunity Affairs Offices, C Federal Reserve System, & Metropolitan Policy Program, Brookings Institution. (2008). The enduring challenge of concentrated poverty in America: Case studies from across the U.S. Retrieved from http://www.brookings. edu/~/media/research/files/ reports/2008/10/24%20 concentrated%20poverty/1024_ concentrated_poverty. 38 urner, M. A., & Kaye, D. R. T (2006). How does family well-being vary across different types of neighborhoods? Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute. As cited by the Annie E. Casey Foundation. (2012). Data snapshot on high-poverty communities. 39 opulation Reference Bureau. P Analysis of data from the 2000 Decennial Census and the 2007-11 American Community Survey which replaced the 2010 decennial census for this indicator. 40 opulation Reference Bureau, P analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. As reported by the Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT Data Center. 14% 12% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 5% 6% 7% 2% 0% Rural Mixed rural Mixed urban Urban 19 Family Economic Security in Colorado 2015 Decline in Middle-Class Families Compared to 2000, fewer Colorado children are living in middle- to upper-income families. While 68 percent of Colorado kids lived in a family with an income at least twice the federal poverty level in 2000, by 2013, that number had fallen to 62 percent (Figure 18). Much of the increase in the number of low-income families happened on the poorest rungs of the economic ladder. While the percent of Colorado children living in low-income families (those with incomes between 100 percent and 200 percent of the federal poverty level) declined since 2000, the percent of children living in extreme poverty more than doubled.41 Extreme poverty is defined as approximately $11,500 in annual income for a family of four, or less than $33 per day, before taxes. Extreme Poverty (Under 50% FPL) Figure 18 50% FPL to 99% FPL Colorado by Family Income 100% FPL toChildren 199% FPL 200% FPL and above Level 100% 90% 80% 70% 752,000, 60% 68% 735,000, 61% 760,000, 62% 100% FPL to 199% FPL 50% 50% FPL to 99% FPL 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 251,000, 23% 66,000, 6% 38,000, 3% 2000 41 20 .S. Census Bureau. Census U 2000 Supplemental Survey, 2012 and 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. 200% FPL and above 254,000, 21% 260,000, 21% 125,000, 10% 127,000, 10% 99,000, 8% 80,000, 7% 2012 2013 Extreme Poverty (Under 50% FPL) Family Economic Security in Colorado 2015 Anti-Poverty Programs Programs that help prevent families from falling deeper into poverty or that mitigate the effects of poverty on children are critical to thousands of Coloradans, particularly during economic downturns and recoveries. Several public programs help families fulfill their children’s basic needs and assist them in getting back on their feet during times of economic hardship, and research shows that these programs are effective at reducing poverty among kids and families. The impact of most anti-poverty programs is not reflected in the poverty numbers reported using the federal poverty level because the federal poverty level only takes into account a family’s income and cash benefits. Many antipoverty programs, including the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and housing subsidies, for example, provide benefits that are not included in calculations made using the federal poverty level. The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM), however, does account for the impacts of these programs. When the impacts of these anti-poverty programs are considered, research shows they lifted more than 8 million U.S. children above the poverty line in 2013.42 In Colorado, these programs kept 147,000 kids out of poverty between 2011 and 2013.43 Figure 19 Colorado Child Poverty Rates Using the Supplemental Poverty Measure, 2011-2013 30% 25% 20% 25% 15% 10% 13% 42 risi, D. (2014). Safety net T cut poverty nearly in half last year, new Census data show. Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Retrieved from http://www. offthechartsblog.org/safetynet-cut-poverty-nearly-inhalf-last-year-new-censusdata-show/. 43 nnie E. Casey Foundation. A (2015). Measuring access to opportunity in the United States. 5% 0% Using SPM, without anti-poverty programs Using SPM, with anti-poverty programs 21 Family Economic Security in Colorado 2015 Roaring Fork Valley: Valley Settlement Project Engages Families Just because you invite someone to participate in a community endeavor doesn’t mean they’ll automatically feel welcome. To truly involve Roaring Fork Valley families in their schools and community, community organizers from the Valley Settlement Project visited 300 households in 25 neighborhoods, presented to 14,400 people and met with leaders of schools, colleges, churches and governments. The organizers learned that supporting and empowering low-income families meant figuring out how these families could become better attached to the community. They created the Valley Settlement Project of the Manaus Fund, a dual-generation effort to reduce the impacts of poverty in low-income and immigrant families. “With this project, Manaus and everybody who is working together, they are doing an amazing change in this place—not only with the kids, with the family of the kids, with the community,” said Maria Eloisa, a community member involved in adult education and elementary school mentoring programs. “It’s very exciting for me because I can see their faces every day. I can sense their hearts and they are changing.” Started with a $1.2 million grant from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, the project has four components: quality early childhood education including a mobile preschool on a bus to reach low-income neighborhoods; parent mentoring in schools; adult education; and a network of bilingual navigators who work in the community to connect families to existing support services. The parent mentor program is just one example of how the Valley Settlement Project’s efforts focus on supporting children and their families at the same time. Parents are trained to assist teachers in classrooms. They feel empowered and engaged in their child’s school and help educators reduce class sizes and bridge language gaps at the same time. “It’s important for each teacher to have an extra hand, an extra ear, an extra heart—somebody to help take care of things because [the teacher] is so busy,” said Maria, a parent mentor at Crystal River Elementary School. “I feel more involved in my community, more involved in my school and with my kids.” 22 Child Health All children deserve a healthy start in life. Making sure that every Colorado child has the opportunity to grow up healthy requires a comprehensive approach. Kids need access to health care—medical, dental and behavioral health care—as well as nutritious foods and safe places to live, learn and play. Helping kids establish healthy habits while they are young will help ensure a healthy and prosperous future for our state. The past several years have been a time of progress in many areas of child health. The state’s teen birth rate has fallen by 40 percent in just four years, one of the fastest declines in the nation. In addition, improved access to health coverage among children continues to be one of our state’s biggest success stories. More than 70,000 Colorado kids under age 18 gained health coverage between 2008 and 2013, thanks to policy changes and strong community efforts to help kids get covered. As of 2013, nine out of 10 Colorado kids are covered by health insurance. These are important achievements, but work remains to be done. Although Colorado has made remarkable strides in getting kids covered, too many children still lack access to health care providers—particularly those in our state’s rural communities, where physicians are in short supply. Our state’s childhood overweight and obesity rate also remains too high, setting children up for potentially lifelong health problems. And too many Colorado kids struggle with mental health issues and lack access to the high-quality care they need to thrive. Our state has proven it can accomplish great things in the area of children’s health. By building upon our recent successes and addressing the challenges that remain, we can help ensure that every Colorado child has the opportunity to grow up healthy and strong. 23 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Maternal and Infant Health: Access to Prenatal Care Prenatal care presents one of the earliest opportunities to ensure that expectant mothers and their babies are healthy. Early prenatal care can help detect potential complications early during a women’s pregnancy and also lowers the risk that a baby will be born preterm or at a low birthweight.44 The infant mortality rate for babies born to mothers who receive no prenatal care during their pregnancy is five times higher than the mortality rate for babies whose mothers received early prenatal care.45 44 45 March of Dimes. (2009). 46 olorado Department of PubC lic Health and Environment, Health Statistics Section, 2013. 47 olorado Department of C Public Health and Environment, Health Statistics Section, 2013. Calculations by county type performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign. 48 olorado Health InstiC tute. (2012). A profile of Colorado’s rural physicians. Retrieved from http://www. coloradohealthinstitute. org/uploads/downloads/ Rural_Physician_Chartpack_ Revised_5June2012.pdf. 49 24 .S. Department of Health U and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration. (n.d.). Prenatal – First trimester care access. Retrieved from http://www. hrsa.gov/quality/toolbox/ measures/prenatalfirsttrimester/. olorado Department of PubC lic Health and Environment, Health Statistics Section. The percent of babies born to Colorado women who had early prenatal care (defined as prenatal care beginning during the first trimester) has increased only slightly during the past 10 years. In 2013, 81 percent of all babies born in Colorado were born to moms who had early prenatal care, up from 78 percent in 2003. However, nearly all babies in Colorado were born to mothers who had received prenatal care at some point during their pregnancy. Only 2 percent of babies were born to mothers who received no prenatal care in 2013 (Figure 20).46 Figure 20 100% 90% Access to Prenatal Care, 2013 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 23% 19% 17% 16% 15% 76% 79% 81% 82% 84% Urban Mixed Urban 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Rural No prenatal care Mixed rural Colorado average Care initiated after first trimester Early prenatal care Access to prenatal care varies across the state and by type of community. In 2013, babies born in rural counties were less likely to be born to a mother who received early prenatal care. Only 76 percent of babies born in Colorado’s rural counties were born to moms who received prenatal care beginning during their first trimester, compared to 84 percent of babies born in mixed urban counties, where early prenatal care rates were highest.47 The percent of babies born to women who received no prenatal care was consistent across all county types, so while babies born in rural communities were less likely to be born to a mother who received early care, it appears these mothers simply accessed care later during their pregnancy. In many rural communities, family physicians provide prenatal care, but in the event a woman needs specialized care, she may need to travel long distances to access it. Of the physicians who practice in rural areas in Colorado, only 4 percent specialized in obstetrics or gynecology.48 Prenatal care rates also vary by race and ethnicity. Babies born to women of color are less likely to receive early prenatal care than those born to non-Hispanic white women. Black and Hispanic babies in Colorado were less likely than non-Hispanic white babies to be born to a mother who received early prenatal care and were nearly three times more likely to be born to a woman who had no prenatal care at all.49 Child Health in Colorado Among women who did not receive early prenatal care, the most commonly cited barriers to receiving care were not enough money or being uninsured (42 percent), not having a Medicaid card (29 percent), or not being able to get an earlier appointment (31 percent). A significant portion of women (22 percent) also reported that their doctor or health insurance plan would not allow them to begin prenatal care earlier.50 50 olorado Department of PubC lic Health and Environment, Health Statistics Section, 2011 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). 51 huger, L. (2012). Teen S pregnancy and high school dropout: What communities are doing to address these issues. Washington, D.C.: The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy and America’s Promise Alliance. 52 erper, K., Peterson, K., P Manlove, J. (2010). Diploma attainment among teen mothers. Washington, D.C.: Child Trends. 53 ids Having Kids: Economic K Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy, second edition, edited by Saul D. Hoffman and Rebecca A. Maynard. 54 ive births to girls ages 15 L through 19 per 1,000 female teens in that age range. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Health Statistics Section, 2013. 55 nalysis of data from the A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics and U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. As reported by the Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT Data Center. 56 ost, K., & Henshaw, S. (2014). K U.S. teenage pregnancies, births and abortions, 2010: National and state trends by age, race and ethnicity. Washington, D.C.: Guttmacher Institute. 57 olorado Department of PubC lic Health and Environment, 2009-2011 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. 58 icketts, S., Klingler, G., & R Schwalberg, R. (2014). Game change in Colorado: Widespread use of long-acting reversible contraceptives and rapid decline in births among young, low-income women. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 46(3). 59 irth data from the ColoB rado Department of Public Health and Environment. Calculations by county type performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign. Colorado Child Well-Being Index: Teen Birth Rate Unintended pregnancies among teenagers can have implications for both mother and child. Becoming a teen parent is one of the most common reasons girls drop out of high school. Nationally, nearly a third of teen girls who dropped out of high school cited pregnancy or parenthood as one of their primary reasons for leaving.51 Once they leave school, teen mothers often do not return. Only half of all teen mothers earn a high school diploma by age 22, and only 2 percent graduate college by age 30.52 Children of teen parents often face disadvantages as well. Research shows children born to teen parents are less likely to enter kindergarten ready to learn and are at higher risk of dropping out of high school or becoming teen parents themselves.53 Live Births Per 1,000 Teen Girls Ages 15-19 Figure 22 35 33 25 26 20 15 21 23 51 per 1,000 50 40 30 20 22 per 1,000 10 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 In 2009, Colorado began offering free long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) to low-income women in 37 counties in an effort to reduce unplanned pregnancies. In counties where this program operated, birth rates among low-income 15- to 19-year-old women were lower than expected, and abortion rates and enrollment in WIC declined as well.58 In 2013, rural counties had the highest teen birth rate among the four county types (Figure 22). Among Colorado’s 42 rural counties, there were approximately 33 live births per 1,000 teen girls ages 15 to 19. This rate is more than twice as high as the teen birth rate in mixed urban communities, where teen births were the least common.59 16 10 5 0 Mixed urban 60 2000 2001 Teen Birth Rate by County Type 30 Figure 21 Colorado Teen Birth Rate, Girls Ages 15 to 19 Births Per 1,000 Teen Girls Ages 15 to 19 Colorado’s teen birth rate has declined sharply in recent years, falling by 40 percent in four years. Since 2009, the birth rate to teen girls ages 15 to 19 has dropped from 37 births per 1,000 girls in this age group to 22 births per 1,000 girls in 2013 (Figure 21).54 Between 2009 and 2012 (the most recent year for which state-by-state comparisons are possible), Colorado had the fastest decrease in teen births to women ages 15 to 19 in the nation.55 Colorado’s teen abortion rate has been on the decline as well, meaning that fewer teen girls are becoming pregnant in the first place despite the fact that sexual activity among teens has remained fairly stable in recent years.56,57 Urban Mixed rural Rural 2015 25 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Among the counties included in the Child Well-Being Index, Montezuma County had the highest teen birth rate in 2013 at 45 births per 1,000 girls ages 15 to 19. Douglas County had the lowest teen birth rate, at about 4 births per teens in this age group (Table 9, Figure 23). Since 2009, the teen birth rate has declined in each of the 25 counties included in the Child Well-Being Index. Douglas, Eagle and Elbert counties all saw their teen birth rates decline by more than half within four years.60 Table 9 Douglas Figure 23 4.4 Sedgwick Broomfield 8.3 Routt 8.8 Boulder 8.8 Elbert 9.0 Summit Morgan Grand Eagle 17.8 Larimer 17.9 Douglas Teller Crowley 30.1 Morgan 30.6 Adams 31.4 Ouray Otero 33.3 36.8 Pueblo 37.5 Montezuma Logan 39.4 Delta 39.5 Montezuma 4.4 to 13.7 45.2 10 20 30 40 Births per 1,000 Teen Girls Ages 15 to 19 50 13.8 to 24.2 Prowers Alamosa La Plata Archuleta Bent Huerfano Rio Grande 38.7 0 Pueblo Custer Saguache Mesa Garfield El Paso Fremont Montrose 28.8 Denver Chaffee Gunnison 25.6 Fremont 26 Lincoln Delta 24.2 Montrose Kit Carson Elbert Mesa 20.9 Weld Arapahoe Jefferson Lake 18.7 El Paso Summit Adams Denver Clear Creek Eagle Yuma Washington Broomfield Garfield Arapahoe olorado Department of C Public Health and Environment, Health Statistics Section. Boulder Rio Blanco 13.7 La Plata Phillips Weld Routt 12.4 Teller Logan Larimer Moffat 10.3 Jefferson 60 Teen Birth Rates, 2013 Conejos 24.3 to 33.3 Baca Las Animas Costilla 33.4 to 53.8 53.9 to 90.9 No Data Child Health in Colorado 2015 Colorado Child Well-Being Index: Births to Women without a High School Diploma or GED Maternal educational attainment has a significant influence on the academic outcomes and economic well-being of children. Research shows that children born to mothers with no high school diploma have poorer math and reading scores than children whose mothers have a higher level of education.61 In addition, children born to parents who did not graduate from high school are much more likely to live in poverty for at least half of their childhoods.62 Across Colorado, fewer babies are being born to women without a high school diploma or GED. The percent of births to Colorado women who did not complete high school or obtain a GED has declined every year since 2004, dropping from a statewide average of 23 percent in 2004 to 14 percent in 2013. Among Colorado’s largest counties, the percent of births to women without a high school diploma or GED ranged from 2 percent in Douglas County to 29 percent in Morgan County (Table 10, Figure 24). Data for Elbert County were not available in 2013 due to a low number of births in this category.63 Figure 24 Table 10 Elbert N/A Douglas Sedgwick 2% Teller 6% Routt 6% Larimer Moffat Phillips Weld Routt Jefferson 8% Broomfield 8% Morgan Grand Larimer 9% El Paso 9% La Plata 10% Boulder 10% Logan Boulder Rio Blanco Fremont 13% 13% 16% 16% Kit Carson Park Lincoln Teller Chaffee Gunnison Delta El Paso Fremont Montrose Crowley Ouray 17% Weld Lake Delta 15% Arapahoe Jefferson Douglas Pitkin Mesa Mesa Denver Summit Adams Denver Clear Creek Eagle Garfield Arapahoe Yuma Broomfield 13% Summit Custer Saguache San Miguel Otero Montrose 19% Eagle 19% Rio Grande Pueblo 21% Adams 21% Montezuma La Plata Archuleta Conejos Bent 2% to 6% 23% Morgan 29% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 7% to 11% I saacs, J. B., & Magnuson, K. (2011). Income and education as predictors of children’s school readiness. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. 62 atcliffe, C., & McKernan, S. R M. (2012). Child poverty and its lasting consequence: Summary. Washington, DC: Urban Institute. 63 irths to women who have B less than 12 years of education per 100 live births. Data Source: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Health Statistics Section, 2013. Prowers Huerfano Alamosa Baca Las Animas Costilla 22% Garfield 61 Pueblo 18% Montezuma 23 Logan 12% to 18% 19% to 26% 27% to 37% No Data 27 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Colorado Child Well-Being Index: Low Birthweight Births Babies born at a low birthweight weigh less than five pounds, eight ounces. Low birthweight babies are at risk of complications such as respiratory distress syndrome or heart problems. They may also suffer from potential long-term health issues such as high blood pressure or diabetes.64 Smoking during pregnancy, poor prenatal nutrition, poverty, stress, infections and violence can increase the risk of a baby being born with a low birthweight.65 Living at a high altitude, common in Colorado, can also contribute to low birthweight. Research has shown each 1,000 foot increase in altitude between 3,000 and 11,000 feet above sea level is associated with a decrease of about one ounce of weight at birth.66 The percent of babies born at a low birthweight has essentially remained flat in Colorado during the past decade. In 2013, 8.8 percent of all babies born in Colorado were born at a low birthweight, down only very slightly from 9.1 percent in 2003. Among the counties included in the Child Well-Being Index, Summit and Teller counties had the highest rates of babies born at a low birthweight, while Morgan and Montrose counties had the lowest rates (Table 11, Figure 25). Table 11 Figure 25 Morgan 5% Montrose 5% Logan 6% Elbert Broomfield 66 28 merican College of ObsteA tricians and Gynecologists. (2000). Intrauterine growth restriction. ACOG Practice Bulletin, 12. olorado Department of C Public Health and Environment. (2000). Tipping the scales: Weighing in on solutions to the low birth weight problem in Colorado. Morgan Grand 7% Gilpin 8% Douglas 8% Routt 8% Pitkin Pueblo 8% Boulder 8% Garfield 9% Fremont 9% Jefferson 9% Fremont Crowley Pueblo Ouray Saguache San Miguel Prowers Otero 9% Montezuma 10% El Paso 10% Delta 10% Eagle El Paso Chaffee Montrose 9% Huerfano Rio Grande Montezuma Alamosa La Plata Archuleta Conejos Las Animas Costilla 11% Teller 13% Summit 0% Teller Gunnison 9% Kit Carson Elbert Lincoln Delta Adams Arapahoe Park Mesa Denver Adams Douglas Lake Yuma Washington Broomfield Denver Clear Creek Summit Jefferson Eagle Garfield 8% Arapahoe Boulder Rio Blanco Weld Mesa 65 Phillips Weld 7% La Plata arch of Dimes. (2008). M Medical resources: Low birthweight. Retrieved from http://www.marchofdimes. com/professionals/medicalresources_lowbirthweight. html. Logan Larimer Routt 7% Larimer 64 Jackson Moffat 7% 14% 5% 10% 15% 4% to 6% 7% to 9% 10% to 12% 13% to 23% 24% to 50% No Data Child Health in Colorado 2015 Births to Women Who Smoked During Pregnancy Smoking during pregnancy can result in numerous complications for a mother and her baby, including an increased risk of babies being born at a low birthweight. One out of every five babies born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy is born at a low birthweight.67 The percent of babies born to mothers who reported smoking during their pregnancy has declined in Colorado in recent years. In 2013, 7 percent of live births in the state occurred to women who smoked while pregnant, down from 9 percent in 2007. Births to women who smoked were most common among non-Hispanic white and American Indian women. Births to women who smoked during pregnancy are more common in some parts of the state than in others. In Sedgwick County, more than a quarter of all babies born in 2013 were born to mothers who smoked while pregnant, while in Eagle County, only 1 percent of births fell into this category. Among the four county types used in this report, rural counties had the highest percentage of babies born to mothers who reported smoking during pregnancy (Figure 26). In 2013, 11 percent of births in rural counties occurred to women who smoked while pregnant, more than twice as high as in mixed urban or urban communities.68 This finding is consistent with national trends showing that overall tobacco use is higher in rural communities, in addition to tobacco use during pregnancy, even when controlling for other factors such as race, education or income.69 Figure 26 Babies Born to Women Who Smoked During Pregnancy, 2013 12% 11% 10% 67 .S. Department of Health U and Human Services. (2010). A Report of the Surgeon General: How Tobacco Causes Disease and What it Means to You. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. 68 irth data obtained from B the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Health Statistics Section. Calculations by county type performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign. 69 merican Lung Association. A (2012). Cutting tobacco’s rural roots: Tobacco use in rural communities. Retrieved from http://www.lung.org/assets/ documents/publications/ lung-disease-data/cuttingtobaccos-rural-roots.pdf. 9% 8% 6% 4% 5% 5% 2% 0% Mixed urban 23 Urban Mixed rural Rural 29 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Colorado Child Well-Being Index: Infant Mortality Rate Infant mortality refers to the death of a baby before his or her first birthday. The most common causes of infant mortality are birth defects, preterm birth or low birthweight, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), maternal pregnancy complications and injuries.70 The infant mortality rate reflects many factors important to both maternal and child well-being, including access to high-quality health care, nutrition and safety. In 2013, Colorado’s infant mortality rate declined for the fourth year in a row, dropping to approximately 5 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. On average, between 2009 and 2013, Larimer and Douglas counties had the lowest infant mortality rates among the largest 25 counties in the state at 4 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Routt County had the highest at 7 deaths per 1,000 live births (Table 12, Figure 27).71 Table 12 Figure 27 Larimer 3.9 Douglas 3.9 Mesa 4.0 Fremont Jefferson 4.4 Elbert 4.5 71 30 eaths in the first year of life D per 1,000 live births by health statistics region. Data Source: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Health Statistics Section, 2009-2013. Health Statistics Regional data provided (http://www.chd.dphe.state. co.us/healthProfiles.aspx). Morgan 4.7 Broomfield 4.8 Boulder 4.8 5.4 5.7 Montezuma 5.8 La Plata 5.8 Arapahoe 5.9 Weld 6.0 6.0 Logan 6.0 Adams 6.0 Denver 6.1 El Paso 6.2 Cheyenne El Paso Fremont Kiowa Crowley Ouray San Miguel Dolores Montezuma Otero San Juan Mineral 3.9 to 4.3 6.9 8 Bent Prowers Huerfano Alamosa La Plata Archuleta 6.4 Pueblo Custer Saguache Hinsdale Rio Grande 6.4 6 Chaffee Montrose Delta Deaths per 1,000 Live Births Kit Carson Elbert Lincoln Teller Gunnison Montrose Routt Arapahoe Park Delta Morgan Adams Douglas Lake Mesa Teller Jefferson Summit Pitkin Denver Clear Creek Eagle Garfield Yuma Washington Broomfield Gilpin 4.7 4 Boulder Rio Blanco Eagle 2 Phillips Weld Grand Garfield 0 Larimer Routt 4.7 Pueblo enters for Disease Control C and Prevention. (2012). Infant mortality. Jackson Moffat 4.2 Summit 70 Sedgwick Logan Conejos 4.4 to 4.8 Costilla 4.9 to 6.2 Baca Las Animas 6.3 to 6.9 7.0 to 9.7 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Health Care and Coverage: Insurance Coverage Being able to visit a doctor on a regular basis is critical during childhood. During a child’s first year of life, he or she may need to visit a health care provider more than half a dozen times for preventive reasons alone. Without health insurance, these doctor visits may pose a financial burden too high for many families to afford. Children without insurance are five times more likely than insured children to go for more than two years without seeing a doctor.72 No family should have to delay taking their child to the doctor because they cannot afford it. Increasing the number of Colorado children who have health coverage has been one of Colorado’s greatest policy success stories in recent years. Even prior to the implementation of many provisions of federal health care reform, coordinated efforts at the state and community level helped thousands of Colorado children get covered. In 2008, 14 percent of all children under 18 in Colorado (approximately 173,000 kids) were uninsured—significantly higher than the national average of 10 percent. Although the uninsured rate for children in Colorado was still slightly higher than the national average in 2013, it has fallen steadily since 2008, reaching 8 percent (approximately 102,000 children) in 2013 (Figure 28). In other words, more than 70,000 Colorado children have gained coverage in only five years.73 The impact of federal health care reform is not fully reflected in the most recent data on uninsured children because many important components of the Affordable Care Act, such as the health care exchange, were not fully implemented until late 2013 or early 2014. We are optimistic that in future years, we can make additional and significant progress in the area of children’s health coverage and ensure no Colorado child misses out on important health care due to lack of health insurance. Figure 28 16% 14% Children Under 18 without Health Insurance 14% 12% 10% 8% 8% 10% 6% 7% Colorado U.S. 4% 2% 72 hildren’s Defense Fund. C (n.d.). Uninsured children. Retrieved from http://www. childrensdefense.org/policypriorities/childrens-health/ uninsured-children/. 73 .S. Census Bureau, 2008 U and 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. 0% 2008 23 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 31 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Figure 29 Uninsured Colorado Children by Income Level 25% 15% 2009 22% 20% 2013 20% 17% 16% 14% 10% 10% 13% 11% 10% Although the overall uninsured rate for Colorado children has declined, breaking down the data by family income reveals differences in coverage trends by socioeconomic status. The greatest progress in decreasing the uninsured rate among Colorado children has occurred in the lowest income brackets. Between 2009 and 2013, the uninsured rate for children between 50 percent and 100 percent of the federal poverty level (FPL) and those between 100 percent and 149 percent of FPL fell by half. 9% Meanwhile, uninsured rates increased for children in families with incomes between 200 percent and 299 percent of FPL 3% 2% (approximately $47,000 to $70,000 in annual 0% income for a family of four). While many of Under 50% 50-99% FPL 100-149% 150-199% 200-299% 300-399% Over 400% the children in this income bracket qualify FPL FPL FPL FPL FPL FPL for health coverage through Colorado’s Child Health Plan Plus (CHP+) program, others likely fall between the cracks because their families make too much to qualify for CHP+ but too little to be able to afford the costs of private coverage on their own. As of late 2013, however, some families in this income bracket qualify for subsidies through Colorado’s health care exchange, which should lessen the cost burden associated with private coverage for these families in the years ahead. 7% 7% 5% Although uninsured rates declined slightly for children whose families made between 150 and 199 percent of the federal poverty level, children in this income bracket were the most likely to be uninsured in 2013 (Figure 29).74 Table 13 Eligibility for Health Coverage by Family Income Modified Adjusted Gross Income (MAGI) Income below 142 percent of FPL Income above 142 percent but below 260 percent of FPL 74 32 .S. Census Bureau, 2009 U and 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Income above 142 percent FPL but below 400 percent FPL Eligible for Medicaid? Eligible for CHP+? x x Eligible for subsidized coverage through the health care exchange? x x Child Health in Colorado 2015 Reasons for Lack of Coverage and Length of Time Children Have Been Uninsured Children are uninsured for many reasons. The Colorado Health Access Survey (CHAS), a Colorado-specific survey that is fielded and analyzed by the Colorado Health Institute and funded by The Colorado Trust, provides more detailed information on the uninsured population than that which is available from U.S. Census Bureau surveys, including data on the reasons Coloradans are uninsured. Among children, the CHAS found that a high cost burden was the most commonly cited reason for a child being uninsured. In 2013, 82 percent of uninsured children ages birth through 18 had parents who reported that the cost of insurance contributed to their child’s uninsured status. Nearly a third of uninsured children lacked coverage because the family member who had insurance lost a job or changed employers. Approximately a quarter of children were uninsured because their family member’s employer either did not offer health coverage or because the child was not eligible for the employer-provided coverage.75 The length of time children have been uninsured also varies. Some children may be uninsured for only a few months while a parent changes jobs, while others may have been uninsured for years, or perhaps for their entire lives. The 2013 Colorado Health Access Survey found that 23 percent of Colorado’s uninsured children ages birth through 18 had been uninsured for fewer than six months, while 21 percent had been without health coverage for more than five years. An additional 11 percent had never had health coverage (Figure 30).76 Figure 30 Length of Time Colorado Children Have Been Uninsured, 2013 <6 months 23% 6-11 months 13% Never insured 11% 1 year 11% 2 years 14% >5 years 21% 3-5 years 7% 23 75 olorado Health Institute C analysis of data from the 2013 Colorado Health Access Survey. The Colorado Health Access Survey is conducted on behalf of The Colorado Trust. 76 Ibid. 33 Child Health in Colorado 2015 The Role of Public Health Coverage Programs Public health coverage programs such as Medicaid and the Child Health Plan Plus (CHP+) are a critical support for tens of thousands of Colorado families with children. During the recession, the number of Medicaid and CHP+ participants rose as unemployment increased and many families either saw their incomes decrease or lost other sources of coverage. During the subsequent economic recovery, however, Medicaid caseloads have continued to increase. In fiscal year (FY) 2013-2014, 38 percent of Colorado children ages birth to 18 were enrolled in Medicaid at some point during the year (more than 495,000 kids). Between FY 2012-2013 and 2013-2014, the number of Colorado children covered by Medicaid at some point during the year increased by more than 82,000 kids.77 Much of this single-year increase was likely associated with the expansion of Medicaid for adults; research shows a correlation between adult coverage and child coverage. While Medicaid eligibility for children was not expanded through the Affordable Care Act, the eligibility cutoff for adults with dependent children was raised from 100 percent of the federal poverty level to 138 percent of FPL. When newly eligible adults enrolled in Medicaid, those with children had the option to enroll them in the program, thus enrolling children who were previously Medicaid-eligible but uninsured. In contrast, the number of children covered through CHP+ declined by more than 20,000 between FY 12-13 and FY13-14. In 20132014, 9 percent of Colorado kids ages birth through 18 (approximately 116,000 children) were covered by CHP+ at some point during the year, down from 11 percent (138,000 children) in FY 2012-13. Of the 62 counties for which CHP+ enrollment data were available, all but three saw their CHP+ enrollment decline between FY 12-13 and FY 13-14. 77 34 olorado Department of C Health Care Policy and Financing. Unique client counts for children ages 0-18 with Medicaid or Child Health Plan Plus eligibility in fiscal year 2013-2014. Note: These numbers do not match official Health Care Policy and Financing caseload numbers; these numbers are much higher than those reported in caseload reports. Caseload reports include the number of clients eligible during any given month by eligibility categories. The numbers above include all children with eligibility at any given time during the fiscal year. Since some clients lose eligibility and others gain eligibility throughout the year, the numbers above are much higher than the number of children being served during any one month during the year. The numbers above also include children with disabilities included in the Aid to Needy Disabled category of the caseload reports; these children are not included in the low-income child category of the caseload reports. Medicaid provides health insurance to children in families with incomes up to 142 percent of the federal poverty level (approximately $33,400 for a family of four in 2013). The Child Health Plan Plus (CHP+) covers children in families with incomes too high to qualify for Medicaid but below 260 percent of the federal poverty level (approximately $61,230 for a family of four in 2013). Child Health in Colorado 2015 Rural and Urban Variations in Health Coverage Between 2008 and 2013, the percent of uninsured children fell in all types of communities as children across the state gained health coverage. However, significant disparities in uninsured rates remain. In 2013, rural children were the most likely to be uninsured. More than 13 percent of all children in Colorado’s rural counties were uninsured, higher than the uninsured rates in other types of communities (Figure 31). Children in mixed urban communities were the most likely to be insured.78 Figure 31 Uninsured Rate by County Type 2008 2013 20% 19% 15% 15% 13% 13% 10% 10% 5% 9% 8% 9% 0% Mixed urban Mixed rural Urban Rural Public Health Coverage Program Enrollment, FY 2013-14 Figure 32 70% 60% 13% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 9% 9% CHP+ 8% 31% 38% 39% 49% 0% Mixed urban 23 Mixed rural Urban Rural Public health coverage programs such as Medicaid and CHP+ are critical to children in communities across Colorado, but data show they are particularly important to children in rural communities. In fiscal year 2013-2014, nearly half (49 percent) of all children ages birth to 18 in rural counties were covered by Medicaid at some point in the year, and 13 percent were covered by CHP+ for at least some portion of the year. In other words, more than three out of every five children in Colorado’s rural counties (62 percent) were covered by a public health coverage program for some portion of the year in FY 2013-14. This finding is consistent with national trends. A First Focus report found that rural children were more likely to be covered by public health insurance than urban children in almost every state in the country.79 Children living in mixed urban communities were the least likely to be covered by Medicaid or CHP+, but even in these counties, Medicaid and CHP+ covered nearly 40 percent of children for some portion of the year (Figure 32).80 78 ounty-level uninsured C estimates provided by the Colorado Health Institute. Calculations of uninsured by county type performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign. 79 ’Hare, W. P. (2014). Rural O children increasingly rely on Medicaid and state child health insurance programs for health insurance. Washington, DC: First Focus. 80 edicaid and CHP+ enrollM ment data provided by Colorado Department of Health Care Policy and Financing. Calculations by county type performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign. Medicaid 35 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Several factors likely contribute to the higher proportion of children enrolled in public health coverage programs in rural communities. For one, poverty rates tend to be higher in rural counties than in other county types, meaning more children meet income eligibility guidelines for Medicaid or CHP+. In addition, many of the major industries in Colorado’s rural communities, such as agriculture or tourism, are among those that often do not offer employer-sponsored health coverage, leaving families to either purchase insurance on their own or enroll in a public health coverage program if their income meets the eligibility guidelines. Data from the U.S. Census Bureau show that, on average, between 2009 and 2013, only 37 percent of children in Colorado’s rural counties were covered through their parent’s employer, compared to more than half of children in urban and mixed urban communities (Figure 33).81 Figure 33 Children Covered by Employer-Sponsored Health Coverage, 2009-2013 70% 60% 58% 50% 51% 45% 40% 30% 37% 20% 10% 0% Rural 81 36 .S. Census Bureau, 2009U 2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Mixed rural Urban Mixed urban Child Health in Colorado When Coverage Doesn’t Guarantee Care: Access to Health Care in Colorado’s Rural Communities Health coverage is a first step toward ensuring a child has access to health care. The next is finding a medical home. Especially in rural areas, a shortage of providers who accept a child’s insurance or a shortage of providers in general can impact children’s access to care. A survey conducted by the Colorado Health Institute found that rural areas are home to a sixth of Colorado’s population, but only one-tenth of the state’s physicians.82 Many rural communities have found it difficult to recruit providers to practice in rural areas. On average, it takes one year to recruit a physician to a rural community and approximately six months to recruit an advanced practice nurse or a physician assistant.83 Often, financial concerns dissuade physicians from practicing in rural areas. Residents of rural communities are more likely to be uninsured or to be covered by Medicaid and Medicare, and reimbursement rates for these programs are lower than for many private health coverage plans, making practicing in a rural area financially challenging in many cases.84 The provider shortages in many rural communities mean that families in rural areas often travel long distances to see a provider, particularly if they need specialty care. Nationally, about one in five rural residents (21 percent) reported traveling more than 30 miles from their homes to obtain medical or dental care, compared to only 5 percent of urban residents.85 Particularly in Colorado, travel to another town or county to obtain health care can be complicated by mountainous terrain and inclement weather. Additionally, many rural counties in Colorado do not have a hospital. Seventeen of Colorado’s 42 rural counties have no hospital, and 10 rural counties have neither a hospital nor a rural health clinic, according to a Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment database.86 In many of these rural areas, community health centers and federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) are important in making sure children and families can get the care they need without having to drive hundreds of miles from home. Family practice doctors play a vital role in rural communities, sometimes serving as the community’s only source of prenatal, emergency or mental health care. While pediatricians provide much of the care to children in urban areas, care for children in rural areas is often provided by a family practice physician.87 General pediatricians are relatively rare in Colorado’s rural areas; according to the Colorado Health Institute, 35 percent of rural physicians in Colorado are family practice doctors, while only 4 percent are pediatricians. Dental care in rural communities can be particularly hard to come by. Six of Colorado’s 18 mixed rural counties (33 percent) and 33 of the state’s 42 rural counties (79 percent) were designated as county-wide Dental Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs) as of January 1, 2015.88 As of 2014, eight Colorado counties—all rural—had no practicing dentists at all.89 A shortage of dental care providers often means that children in rural communities go without the oral health care they need to stay healthy. Nationally, children in rural areas are less likely to have received preventive dental care in the previous year, as well as less likely to have received any dental care at all.90 Provider shortages also extend to mental health. While adequate mental health care is scarce in all types of communities, the problem is particularly acute in rural areas. As of January 2015, all 42 of Colorado’s rural counties and 13 of the state’s 18 mixed rural counties were designated as county-wide Mental Health Professional Shortage Areas.91 Nationally, the prevalence of mental health problems among children is slightly higher in rural communities than in urban ones, and children in rural communities are less likely to have access to the mental health services or providers they need than their peers in urban areas.92,93 Increasing the number of Colorado children who have health coverage is an important goal, but it is only the first step. Access to care— whether physical, dental or mental health care—is equally important, and access remains a significant challenge for Colorado’s rural areas in particular. Reaching the goal of ensuring that all Colorado children can access regular, high-quality health care in their own communities will require additional efforts to recruit and retain health care providers to the state’s rural communities. 23 82 olorado Health Institute. C (2012). A profile of Colorado’s rural physicians. Retrieved from http://www.coloradohealthinstitute.org/uploads/downloads/ Rural_Physician_Chartpack_ Revised_5June2012.pdf. 83 olorado Rural Health Center. C (2014). Snapshot of rural health in Colorado. Retrieved from http://coruralhealth.wpengine. netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/2014.RuralHealth. Snapshot.pdf. 84 osenblatt, R. A., et al. (2010). R The future of family medicine and implications for rural primary care physician supply. Seattle, WA: WWAMI Rural Health Research Center. 85 robst, J. C., et al. (2006). Mode of P travel and actual distance traveled for medical or dental care by rural and urban residents. Columbia, SC: South Carolina Rural Health Research Center 86 olorado Department of Public C Health and Environment. (n.d.). Facility directory by city and county. 87 hillips, R. L. (2005). Report to P the Task Force on the Care of Children by Family Physicians. Washington, DC: The Robert Graham Center. 88 .S. Department of Health and U Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration. HPSAs by state and county. Data as of Jan. 1, 2015. 89 olorado Health Institute. (2015). C Filling the dental gap: Can Colorado meet the growing need? Retrieved from http://www.coloradohealthinstitute.org/key-issues/detail/ health-care-workforce/filling-thedental-gap. 90 artin, A. B. et al. (2008). Dental M health and access to care among rural children: A national and state portrait. Columbia, SC: South Carolina Rural Health Center. 91 .S. Department of Health and U Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration. HPSAs by state and county. Data as of Jan. 1, 2015. 92 enardson, J. D., et al. (2010). L Access to mental health services and family impact of rural children with mental health problems. Portland, ME: Maine Rural Health Research Center. 93 eorgetown University Center for G Child and Human Development, National Technical Assistance Center for Children’s Mental Health. 2015 37 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Type of Health Coverage As Colorado makes progress toward ensuring all children have health insurance, the way in which children are covered is changing. In the past, the majority of children were covered under their parents’ employer-provided health insurance. However, the percentage of children insured solely by employer-provided plans has steadily declined in recent years. As fewer children around the state are covered through their parents’ employers, public health insurance like Medicaid and CHP+ becomes increasingly important to ensuring that all children can get the health care they need when they need it. The increasing number of children covered through public insurance programs has cushioned the decline in employer-sponsored coverage, leading to a decline in the number of uninsured children since 2009 (Figure 34).94 Figure 34 Percentage of Colorado Children by Type of Health Coverage 60% 50% 51% 48% 40% 32% 30% Employer-provided only Public only (Medicaid, CHP+, Military, Medicare, etc.) Uninsured 26% Direct purchase only 20% 10% 0% 38 .S. Census Bureau, AmeriU can Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. 8% 7% 5% 5% 2009 94 Two or more types of coverage 10% 8% 2010 2011 2012 2013 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Colorado Child Well-Being Index: Uninsured Children by County Uninsured rates among children have declined in Colorado as a whole, but they vary across the state. Among the 25 counties included in the Child Well-Being Index, the lowest uninsured rate in 2013 was in Teller County at 3 percent, while the highest uninsured rate was in La Plata County at 20 percent, according to the Colorado Health Institute’s analysis of American Community Survey estimates (Table 14, Figure 35).95 Table 14 Teller Figure 35 2.8% Sedgwick El Paso 4.4% Elbert 4.7% Douglas Logan Jackson Moffat Larimer SEDGWICK Weld Routt 5.0% JACKSON MOFFAT Pueblo 6.3% Larimer 6.4% Broomfield 6.9% Denver 7.0% Grand 9.2% Pitkin PITKIN 11.2% 12.1% 12.5% Summit 14.8% Eagle 14.8% Montrose DOLORES 16.7% Delta Montezuma 16.7% Routt 18.0% Garfield 18.0% Montezuma MONTEZUMA EL PASO Kiowa Pueblo Custer San Juan HINSDALE SAN JUAN RIO GRANDE Alamosa Archuleta 3% to 6% Bent Otero Huerfano Rio Grande OTERO BENT Conejos CONEJOS 7% to 10% Prowers PROWERS HUERFANO ALAMOSA La Plata LA PLATA CROWLEY CUSTER Mineral MINERAL KIOWA PUEBLO SAGUACHE Hinsdale ARCHULETA 19.9% La Plata CHEYENNE Crowley Saguache OURAY SAN MIGUEL Dolores Cheyenne LINCOLN FREMONT Ouray San Miguel Lincoln Fremont MONTROSE 14.7% Kit Carson KIT CARSON El Paso TELLER CHAFFEE GUNNISON YUMA WASHINGTON ELBERT Teller Chaffee Gunnison Montrose Mesa DOUGLAS PARK DELTA Adams LAKE Delta MESA Yuma Washington MORGAN Broomfield Lake Park Mesa 11.2% Fremont EAGLE GARFIELD 10.4% Weld Eagle Garfield 8.8% Logan Boulder Gilpin BOULDER Denver Clear BROOMFIELD Creek GILPIN ADAMSArapahoe Summit Jefferson DENVER CLEAR CREEK ARAPAHOE SUMMIT JEFFERSON Douglas Elbert RIO BLANCO Arapahoe Morgan PHILLIPS Morgan WELD Rio Blanco Boulder Jefferson LARIMER ROUTT GRAND Phillips LOGAN Costilla COSTILLA 11% to 13% Baca Las Animas LAS ANIMAS 14% to 16% BACA 17% to 20% 19.9% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 95 23 olorado Health Institute. C Analysis of data from the 2013 American Community Survey. 39 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Immunizations Vaccines are one of the safest and most cost-effective tools for protecting the health of individual children and the population as a whole. In addition to helping ensure young children get a healthy start in life, vaccines prevent disease from spreading to others in the community who may not be vaccinated, such as children who are too young to receive vaccinations or individuals with compromised immune systems.96 Diseases such as polio, diphtheria and measles, which together were responsible for hundreds of thousands of illnesses and deaths in the U.S. before the advent of vaccines, have been all but eradicated in the U.S. thanks to immunizations.97 Recently, however, outbreaks of measles have begun to occur in certain parts of the country after vaccination rates fell below recommended levels. After closely tracking the national average for several years, in 2013, the percentage of Colorado 2-year-olds who were fully immunized dropped to 72 percent, below the national average of 78 percent (Figure 36).98 In addition to data on children who are fully immunized, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) also provide data on the percent of children who have received individual vaccines, such as the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine or the Hepatitis B vaccine. Colorado’s results for each of these vaccines are troubling. In 2013, Colorado had the lowest MMR vaccination rate in the country, tied with Ohio and West Virginia. Only 86 percent of Colorado 2-year-olds received at least one dose of the MMR vaccine in 2013, much lower than the 95 percent threshold required to protect those who cannot be immunized for medical reasons. The percent of 2-year-olds who were fully vaccinated against Hepatitis B in Colorado was also the lowest in the country in 2013. Only 84 percent of 2-year-olds had received at least three doses of the Hepatitis B vaccine, compared to 91 percent of 2-year-olds nationally.99 Figure 36 enters for Disease Control C and Prevention. (2014). What would happen if we stopped vaccinations? Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/whatifstop. htm. 98 enters for Disease Control C and Prevention, National, State, and Urban Area Vaccination Levels Among Children Aged 19-35 Months United States. 99 Ibid. 100 40 Colorado enters for Disease Control C and Prevention. (2009). How vaccines prevent diseases. Retrieved from http://www. cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/ howvpd.htm. 96 97 Vaccination Rates of 2-Year-Olds, 2013 enters for Disease Control C and Prevention. (2014). Vaccination coverage among children in kindergarten – United States, 2013-2014 school year. 91% 72% 78% Fully Immunized 81% 83% DTaP (Pertussis) 84% Hepatitis B U.S. 86% 92% Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) 90% 93% Polio In many states, children are required to be vaccinated in order to attend most schools and child care centers unless their parents claim a religious or medical exemption. Colorado, however, also allows parents to exempt their child from vaccinations through what is known as a personal belief exemption. As a result, Colorado has one of the highest rates of nonmedical exemptions in the country. In the 2013-2014 school year, 4.6 percent of Colorado kindergartners were not vaccinated for a nonmedical reason—the eighth-highest in the U.S. Of the 3,292 kindergartners in Colorado who were unvaccinated for a nonmedical reason, only 195 were exempted for religious reasons; the remainder were exempted through the personal belief exemption.100 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Denver: Cavity Free by Three When Dr. Patricia Braun peers into the mouths of young children visiting her pediatric practice, she’s looking for more than signs of a sore throat. She examines their baby teeth, applies fluoride varnish and talks to their caregivers about healthy eating to promote healthy teeth. Parents are often surprised to learn that a medical doctor is so concerned about baby teeth. But that is changing. Dr. Braun, a pediatrician at the Eastside Family Health Center, is part of a major effort to include oral health screenings in the regular pediatric check-ups of many low-income kids in the Denver metro area. The Cavity Free at Three campaign is centered around the idea that healthy baby teeth are critical to the overall health of kids, and that too many medical and dental providers weren’t getting the information and support they needed to make it a priority. Young children who experience dental decay and pain are more likely to suffer from associated health problems that can interfere with learning and development. They are also more likely to have oral health issues with their permanent teeth. “We really feel this is an important disease to prevent,” Dr. Braun said. “Early childhood caries has been a long overlooked—but a very common—issue.” Led by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment and embraced by health foundations, policy advocates and practitioners across Colorado, Cavity Free at Three has made a significant impact. The innovative program encourages health practitioners to provide oral health evaluations, education and fluoride varnish for children starting by age 1. More than 3,000 medical and dental providers, health professional students and advocates for children’s oral health have participated in trainings since 2007. “Within the Denver Health population, in 2007, fewer than 25 percent of children under 3 years old were having oral health addressed at all,” Dr. Braun said. “Now more than 95 percent of these children have either seen a dentist or have received an oral health screening at their medical practitioners’ office. We’ve made great, great headway, and the overarching goal is to improve the oral health of all children and prevent cavities.” Dr. Patricia Braun and a patient 23 41 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Oral Health and Access to Care Good oral health is essential to overall health, but too many Colorado children miss out on the oral care they need and experience tooth decay as a result. Although preventable, tooth decay is the most prevalent chronic disease among young children. Left untreated, it can lead to serious health problems such as infection or pain so severe that it can cause difficulty eating, sleeping and learning.101 Poor oral health can affect children’s attendance and performance in school, and it is estimated that preventable oral disease costs Colorado more than $1 billion per year.102 A statewide oral health screening conducted by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment during the 2011-2012 school year found that 14 percent of kindergartners and third-graders in Colorado had untreated tooth decay. Additionally, 40 percent of kindergartners and 55 percent of third-graders either had untreated tooth decay or had already received fillings.103 Tooth decay is more common among children from low-income families, with 60 percent of low-income kindergartners in Colorado experiencing tooth decay, compared to 34 percent of children from higher-income families.104 Children of color are also more likely to have experienced tooth decay and more likely to need urgent care to address decay.105 101 merican Academy of A Pediatrics. (n.d.). Oral health and children. Retrieved from http://www2.aap.org/commpeds/dochs/oralhealth/ index.html. 102 olorado Department of C Public Health and Environment. (2012). The Basic Screening Survey: Children’s Oral Health Screening Colorado 2011-2012. 103 Ibid. 104 runson, D. (2012). ImprovB ing the oral health care of Colorado’s children. 105 olorado Department of C Public Health and Environment. (2012). The Basic Screening Survey: Children’s Oral Health Screening Colorado 2011-2012. 106 olorado Health Institute. C (2013). Oral health and Colorado’s children. Retrieved from http://www.coloradohealthinstitute.org/uploads/ downloads/CHAS_kids_oral_ health_2_pager.pdf. 107 42 olorado Department of C Public Health and Environment, 2013 Colorado Child Health Survey. Oral health problems such as tooth decay are completely preventable with good brushing and flossing habits and regular visits to the dentist, but far too many children in Colorado go without regular dental care, particularly if they lack dental coverage. According to the Colorado Health Access Survey, in 2013, only 52 percent of children without dental insurance had visited a dentist in the past year, compared to 82 percent of children with coverage (Figure 37).106 Additionally, the Colorado Child Health Survey found that 15 percent of children ages 1 to 14 had parents who reported they had delayed or gone without needed dental care for their child. Of those children whose care was delayed or who had gone without care, 46 percent had parents who reported they had done so because of the cost of care, and 21 percent said a lack of dental insurance contributed to their child’s delayed or absent care.107 Colorado Children Who Visited a Dentist in the Past 12 Months Figure 37 Visited a dentist in the past 12 months With dental insurance No visit to a dentist in the past 12 months 82% Without dental insurance 18% 52% 0% 20% 48% 40% 60% 80% 100% Child Health in Colorado 2015 Healthy Living: Food Insecurity Families who experience uncertainty about having or being able to acquire enough food for all household members due to insufficient money or resources are food-insecure.108 On average, between 2011 and 2013, 19 percent of Colorado children were in households that were food-insecure at some point in the past year. As the economy has recovered, the percent of Colorado children in food-insecure households has begun to decline from its highest point at 22 percent in 2008-2010, but levels are still higher than the 16 percent of Colorado children in food-insecure households almost a decade earlier (Figure 38).109 Children are especially vulnerable to the effects of inadequate nutrition since their brains and bodies are developing rapidly and need specific vitamins and nutrients for both physical and cognitive development. An inadequate amount of food can threaten the foundation of a child’s healthy development, as can too much of the wrong kinds of food such as the low-cost, highly processed foods many families rely on when their food budgets are stretched thin. The connection between food insecurity and obesity may seem counterintuitive, but poverty has created an undeniable link between the two.110 Figure 38 Children in Households that were Food-Insecure at Some Point in the Year 25% 20% 15% 22% 18% 19% 16% 10% 108 .S. Department of AgriculU ture, Economic Research Service. (2014). Food insecurity in the U.S.: Measurement. Retrieved from http://www. ers.usda.gov/topics/foodnutrition-assistance/foodsecurity-in-the-us/measurement.aspx#insecurity. 109 opulation Reference P Bureau, analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Food Security Supplement, Three-Year Average 110 ood Research and Action F Center. (2011). Food insecurity and obesity: Understanding the connections. Retrieved from: http://frac.org/ pdf/frac_brief_understanding_the_connections.pdf. United States Colorado 5% 0% 2002-2004 23 2005-2007 2008-2010 2011-2013 43 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Child Well-Being Index: Families who Rely on Low-Cost Food Low-cost food tends to be more highly processed and less nutritious than more expensive foods and may not provide children with the vitamins and nutrients their brains and bodies need to develop healthily. According to the Colorado Child Health Survey, 31 percent of Colorado families with children between the ages of 1 to 14 reported that they often or sometimes relied on a few types of low-cost food to feed their children because they were running out of money to buy food.111 Among the counties included in the Child Well-Being Index, Fremont County had the highest percentage of families relying on lowcost food at 53 percent between 2010 and 2013. Boulder and Broomfield counties had the lowest percentage at 18 percent (Table 15, Figure 39).112 Table 15 Figure 39 Broomfield 18% Boulder 18% Douglas Sedgwick 19% Elbert Larimer 33% Mesa 33% Montezuma 35% La Plata 35% Routt 36% Pueblo 36% 44 Pitkin 38% Logan 39% Denver 39% Ouray Dolores Montezuma 40% Fremont 53% 50% 60% Pueblo Otero Mineral La Plata 18% to 21% 43% 40% San Juan Archuleta Delta 30% Kiowa Custer Saguache Hinsdale Rio Grande 40% 20% Fremont San Miguel Montrose 10% Cheyenne El Paso Crowley 38% 39% Chaffee Montrose 38% Morgan Kit Carson Elbert Lincoln Teller Gunnison Summit Arapahoe Park Delta 38% 0% Jefferson Douglas Lake Mesa Weld Adams Summit Adams Denver Clear Creek Eagle Garfield Yuma Washington Broomfield Gilpin 30% Eagle Boulder Rio Blanco Teller Garfield Ibid. Morgan Grand 28% Arapahoe 112 Phillips Weld 27% Jefferson olorado Department of C Public Health and Environment, Health Statistics Section, 2010-2013 Child Health Surveys. Health Statistics Regional data provided (http:// www.chd.dphe.state.co.us/ topics.aspx?q=Maternal_ Child_Health_Data). Larimer Routt 25% El Paso 111 Jackson Moffat 21% Logan Conejos Bent Prowers Huerfano Alamosa Costilla Las Animas Baca The National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs are federally funded and free meals to children 22%provide to 30% 31% toor 36%reduced-price 37% to 43% 44% to 53% whose family income falls below 185 percent of the federal poverty level, approximately $43,550 for a family of four. Child Health in Colorado Figure 40 Residents of low-income neighborhoods often have little or no access to full-service grocery stores with nutritious, healthy foods. Instead they are often limited to shopping at convenience stores where, when available, healthy food is more expensive than cheaper, calorie-dense foods. Larimer Phillips Weld Routt Morgan Grand Boulder Rio Blanco Adams Denver Clear Creek Summit Jefferson Eagle Garfield Yuma Broomfield Gilpin Lake Washington Arapahoe Douglas Pitkin Kit Carson Elbert Park Mesa Lincoln Delta Teller Cheyenne El Paso Chaffee Gunnison Fremont Kiowa Montrose Crowley Ouray San Miguel Otero Dolores San Juan Mineral Rio Grande La Plata Archuleta Costilla Conejos W 120th Ave sda E-470 Pena Blvd State Hwy 470 le D Baca r 113 .S. Department of AgriculU ture, Economic Research Service. (2012). Characteristics and Influential Factors of Food Deserts. Retrieved from: http://www.ers.usda. gov/publications/erreconomic-research-report/ err140.aspx#.Ug6T0pLvvQh. 114 .S. Department of AgriculU ture, Economic Research Service. (2012). Food Access Research Atlas Data File. Retrieved from: http:// www.ers.usda.gov/dataproducts/food-accessresearch-atlas/downloadthe-data.aspx. Census Tract Designated as a Food Desert Denver Area Highway E Colfax Ave US Hwy 287 State Hwy 30E 6 th Av e E Hampden Ave 25 I- 2 E Belleview Ave E Arapahoe Rd 0 E 47 E 47 Rd State Hwy 177 Lee t Havana St S Colorado Blvd E Colfax Ave I- 225 E 46th St er on R 0 te Las Animas 2 a rk SP 70 C-4 C-470 a St wy Quebec St I- 25 6 e th AIv -2 7 Fe D r y Hw S Sa W Hampden Ave State Hwy 121 E 70 H Prowers County E 104th Ave Federal Blvd US d d o Wadsworth Blvd Ward Rd Kipling St W 6th Ave Bent Huerfano Alamosa Montezuma R on rris Pueblo Custer Saguache Hinsdale W 64th Ave 23 Logan Jackson Moffat nta These low-income areas in which residents have little or no access to nutritious foods such as produce, whole grains, and lean meats are commonly referred to as food deserts.113 The adjacent map illustrates areas considered food deserts across Colorado (Figure 40).114 According to the USDA’s Food Access Research Atlas, a food desert is a census tract where at least 20 percent of the population is in poverty and the nearest grocery store is greater than one mile away in an urban area or 10 miles away in a rural area. However, this does not take into account vehicle availability or the frequency or reliability of public transportation. Sedgwick Sheridan Blvd Food Deserts 2015 45 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Child Well-Being Index: Overweight and Obese Children Nationally, the obesity rate among children and teens has tripled from what it was only a generation ago.115 Being overweight or obese during childhood puts children at higher risk of developing health problems that can persist into adulthood, such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure. Additionally, type 2 diabetes, which was rarely seen in children prior to the 1990s, has become increasingly common as the childhood overweight and obesity rate climbs.116 Although Colorado’s childhood overweight and obesity rate is below the national average, more than 27 percent of children ages 2 to 14 were overweight or obese between 2010 and 2013, according to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment’s Child Health Survey.117 Among the counties included in the Child Well-Being Index, Pueblo County had the highest percentage of overweight and obese children at 41 percent. Elbert County had the lowest at 17 percent of children ages 2 to 14 (Table 16, Figure 41).118 Table 16 Figure 41 Elbert 17% Douglas 18% 20% Boulder 20% Jefferson 116 117 118 46 enters for Disease Control. C (2012). Basics about childhood obesity. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/ childhood/basics.html. olorado Department of C Public Health and Environment. Health Statistics Section, 2010-2013 Child Health Surveys. Health Statistics Regional data provided (http:// www.chd.dphe.state.co.us/ topics.aspx?q=Maternal_ Child_Health_Data). Ibid. Phillips Weld Morgan Grand 25% Garfield 25% Fremont 25% Eagle 25% Pitkin 26% Routt 26% Jefferson 27% 27% Arapahoe 27% Kit Carson Elbert Park Lincoln Delta La Plata Arapahoe Douglas Lake Mesa Montezuma Teller Gunnison Chaffee Cheyenne El Paso Fremont Montrose Kiowa Crowley Ouray Weld 29% El Paso 29% San Miguel Dolores Morgan 30% Logan 30% Adams 31% Montezuma 34% 34% 41% 30% Mineral 40% 50% Bent Prowers Huerfano Alamosa La Plata 17% to 20% 38% Pueblo Otero Archuleta Delta Denver San Juan Pueblo Custer Saguache Hinsdale Rio Grande Montrose 20% Summit Adams Denver Clear Creek Eagle Garfield Yuma Washington Broomfield Gilpin Teller 10% Boulder Rio Blanco 24% Summit 0% Larimer Routt 23% Larimer enters for Disease Control C and Prevention. (2013). Childhood overweight and obesity. Jackson Moffat Logan 22% Mesa 115 Sedgwick Broomfield Conejos 21% to 25% Costilla 26% to 30% Baca Las Animas 31% to 34% 35% to 41% Child Health in Colorado 2015 Investments in Health and Nutrition Ensuring children have access to an adequate amount of nutritious food is critical to their overall development. Across Colorado, multiple programs combat food insecurity and obesity in children by providing them with healthy food. National School Lunch Program The School Lunch Program, a primarily federally funded program administered by the Colorado Department of Education, guarantees that hundreds of thousands of children in Colorado receive a healthy lunch during their school day. All children can eat school lunch, but some children qualify for free or reduced-price meals. Children in families with incomes at or below 130 percent of the poverty level—$31,005 for a family of four during the 2014-15 school year—are eligible for free meals. Those with incomes below 185 percent of the poverty level—$44,123 for a family of four—are eligible for reduced-price meals at no more than 40 cents charged to each student. In the 2014-15 school year, 369,673 students in Colorado (42 percent of Colorado PK-12 students) qualified for free or reduced-price lunch.119 Rural areas had the largest percentage of students who qualified for free or reduced-price lunch (49 percent of students) followed closely by urban areas (48 percent). National School Breakfast Program Eating breakfast is linked to fewer behavioral issues in school, fewer visits to the nurse and improved academic achievement.120 The school breakfast program, a primarily federally funded program administered by the Colorado Department of Education, has the same income qualifications as the National School Lunch Program, yet far fewer children participate. For every 100 Colorado students who participated in the school lunch program in the 2012-2013 school year, only 51 ate school breakfast.121 In 2013, Colorado lawmakers passed legislation to address those barriers. Starting in the 2014-15 school year, schools in which more than 80 percent of students qualify for free or reduced-price lunch must offer free breakfast after the school day begins to every student enrolled. In 2015-2016, the requirement expands to schools with 70 percent or more students who qualify for free or reduced-price lunch. Figure 42 Percent of Students Who Qualify for Free or Reduced-Price Lunch by County Type 60% 50% 48% 40% 49% 43% 30% 30% 20% 119 olorado Department of C Education, Pupil Membership for 2014. Retrieved from: http://www.cde.state.co.us/ cdereval/pupilcurrentdistrict. htm. 120 ood Research and Action F Center. (2014). Breakfast for learning. Retrieved from http://frac.org/wp-content/ uploads/2009/09/breakfastforlearning.pdf. 10% 0% Mixed urban Mixed rural Urban Rural 121 23 ood Research and Action F Center. (2014). School Breakfast Scorecard: 2012-2013 School Year. 47 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly known as food stamps) is a federally funded program that provides electronic benefits that can be used like cash at most grocery stores. It helps combat food insecurity during times when families are experiencing economic hardship by supplementing the food budgets of our most vulnerable. In 2014, approximately 20 percent of Colorado children received SNAP benefits in a given month. Rural counties had the largest percentage of children under 18 receiving SNAP benefits at 24 percent. The percent of children who received SNAP benefits was lowest in mixed urban counties (Figure 44). In Colorado, the average monthly SNAP benefit per household was $272.58 in 2014, down sharply from $325.09 in 2010. In 2014, the monthly benefit amounted to approximately $126 per person or $1.40 per person, per meal, assuming each person eats three meals per day.122 Figure 43 Percent of Children Receiving SNAP Benefits: Average Monthly Participation, 2014 Figure 44 Sedgwick Jackson Moffat Phillips Weld Morgan Grand Boulder Rio Blanco Summit Pitkin Lake 48 olorado Department of C Public Health and Environment, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. (2013). Colorado WIC Annual Report. Retrieved from: https://www.colorado. gov/pacific/sites/default/ files/PF_WIC_2013-WICAnnual-Report-8_5x11-singlepage-printout.pdf. Adams Kit Carson Elbert Chaffee Mixed rural 0% Mixed urban Kiowa Crowley Ouray Pueblo Custer Saguache Hinsdale Otero Bent Rural Prowers San Juan Mineral Rio Grande Montezuma Urban 15% Cheyenne El Paso Fremont Montrose Dolores 21% Lincoln Teller Gunnison San Miguel 10% 21% Park Delta 123 Jefferson 24% 20% Arapahoe Douglas Mesa .S. Department of AgriU culture, Food and Nutrition Service. (n.d.). Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Average Monthly Benefit per Household and Average Monthly Benefit per Person. Retrieved from http://www.fns.usda. gov/sites/default/files/ pd/19SNAPavg$HH.pdf and http://www.fns.usda. gov/sites/default/files/ pd/18SNAPavg$PP.pdf. Denver Clear Creek Eagle Yuma Washington Broomfield Gilpin 122 30% Logan Larimer Routt Garfield Percent of Children Receiving SNAP Benefits by County Type La Plata Archuleta 2% to 10% Conejos 11% to 17% Huerfano Alamosa Costilla 18% to 26% Las Animas 27% to 36% Baca 37% to 55% WIC The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) prevents nutrition-related health problems in pregnancy, infancy and early childhood. It provides nutritious food, education on healthy eating, breastfeeding support and access to health care to low-income pregnant women, new mothers, infants and children up to age 5. In order to qualify, family income must be below 185 percent of the poverty level (approximately $43,500 for a family of four), and mothers and children must be determined to be at risk of poor nutrition. In 2013, WIC served 161,104 women, infants and children in Colorado; however, the number of women and children who qualify for the program is estimated to be much higher.123 Child Health in Colorado Health and Safety: Substance Use or Abuse 2015 Figure 45 Binge Drinking During Past Month 14% Substance use or abuse can lead to a number of harmful behaviors for children and teens. Alcohol and drug abuse is associated with driving under the influence, engaging in risky sexual behavior and poor academic performance, among other problems. It can also cause long-term physical or cognitive issues that can affect teens into adulthood. 12% The National Survey on Drug Use and Health shows that trends in substance use and abuse among Colorado teens ages 12 to 17 have varied during the past decade based on the type of substance. The percent of Colorado teens who reported binge drinking during the previous 30 days declined from 11 percent in 2002-2003 to 7 percent in 2012-2013 (Figure 45), and the percent of teens who reported smoking cigarettes during the previous 30 days declined by more than half during the same time period (Figure 46). The percent of Colorado teens who reported using illicit drugs other than marijuana has also fallen slightly, dropping from 6 percent in 2002-2003 to 4 percent in 2012-2013 (Figure 47).124 2% 10% 11% 8% 7% 6% Colorado 4% U.S. 0% 2002-2003 2004-2005 2006-2007 2008-2009 2010-2011 2012-2013 Figure 46 Cigarette Use During Past Month 16% 14% 12% 14% 13% 10% 8% Colorado 6% 6% U.S. 4% 2% 0% 2002-2003 2004-2005 2006-2007 2008-2009 Figure 47 7% 2010-2011 2012-2013 Illicit Drug Use (Other than Marijuana) During Past Month 6% 6% 5% 124 4% 4% 3% Colorado 2% U.S. 3% 1% 0% 2002-2003 23 2004-2005 2006-2007 2008-2009 2010-2011 2012-2013 .S. Department of Health U and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. State Estimates of Substance Use from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health accessed online at http://www.oas.samhsa. gov. 49 Child Health in Colorado 2015 After the legalization of marijuana for adults 21 and older in 2013, all eyes are on Colorado to find out whether legalization for adults impacts marijuana use among children and teens. The most recent year for which data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health are available is 2013, so it is too soon to assess the full impact legalization has had on marijuana use among teens in Colorado. The most recent data, however, show that the percent of teens ages 12 to 17 who report having used marijuana during the previous month remained at 11 percent in 2012-2013, the same percent of teens who reported marijuana use in 2010-2011 before it was legalized for adult recreational use. Marijuana use has historically been more common among Colorado teens than among teens in the U.S. as a whole, even before legalization occurred in 2013 (Figure 48). Figure 48 Marijuana Use During Past Month 12% 10% 8% 11% 10% 8% 7% 6% Colorado 4% U.S. 2% Another troubling trend impacting children and teens in Colorado 0% is the abuse of prescription painkillers, which can be highly 2002-2003 2004-2005 2006-2007 2008-2009 2010-2011 2012-2013 addictive. Nationally, teens ages 12 and 13 were more likely to abuse prescription drugs than any other type of drug. Among teens ages 12 to 17, Colorado had the fourth-highest prevalence of nonmedical use of painkillers in the entire country. More than 6 percent of Colorado teens in this age group reported having used a prescription painkiller for a nonmedical reason during the past month (Figure 49). When teens’ substance use or abuse becomes an addiction, they may need professional treatment to recover. Substance abuse treatment can be expensive, however, and in rural communities in particular it can be difficult to find.125 Access to adequate substance abuse treatment for teens seems particularly limited in Colorado. In 2012-2013, Colorado’s percentage of teens who reported needing treatment for illicit drug use but not receiving it was the second-highest in the U.S. Approximately 5 percent of Colorado teens ages 12 to 17 reported that they needed but did not get treatment.126 Figure 49 125 126 50 enardson, J. & Gale, J. L A. (2008). Distribution of substance abuse treatment facilities across the ruralurban continuum. Portland, ME: Maine Rural Health Research Center. .S. Department of Health U and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. State Estimates of Substance Use from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health accessed online at http://www.oas.samhsa. gov. States With the Highest Prevalence of Nonmedical Use of Painkillers Among Youth Ages 12 to 17, 2012-2013 Arkansas 7.15% Arizona 7.03% New Mexico 6.81% Colorado 6.35% Alabama 6.32% U.S. 5% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% Child Health in Colorado 2015 Child Abuse and Neglect In 2013, more than 10,000 children under 18 in Colorado were victims of child abuse or neglect. The impacts of abuse and neglect during childhood can be lifelong. Children who are abused or neglected are at higher risk of teen pregnancy, becoming involved in criminal activity and abusing drugs.127 After increasing for much of the 2000s, the child abuse and neglect rate among children under 18 in Colorado is beginning to decline. In 2013, approximately 8 out of every 1,000 Colorado kids were confirmed victims of abuse or neglect. Our youngest and most vulnerable children continue to be the most likely to experience abuse or neglect. In 2013, the child abuse rate for children under 5 was more than twice as high as the rate for children ages 12 to 17. Neglect is the most common form of maltreatment experienced among children in Colorado. In 2013, neglect was cited in 83 percent of Colorado child maltreatment cases.128 In Colorado, rural counties had the highest rates of child abuse and neglect in 2013. The rate of abuse and neglect was nearly twice as high in rural communities as in urban counties (Figure 50). This pattern is consistent with national trends, but it is unclear whether child abuse or neglect is actually more common in rural areas or whether rural counties are better at identifying children who are victims of abuse or neglect, thereby increasing the abuse and neglect rate reported for these communities.129 Many of the risk factors for abuse and neglect are similar across urban and rural counties, including caregiver mental illness, low social support, domestic violence or substance abuse. However, research has found some interesting differences. The Carsey Institute, which studies issues affecting rural communities, found that rural families who were reported to child protective services were more likely to cite high levels of family stress or difficulty meeting basic financial needs, while urban families were more likely to have been reported for caregiver drug abuse.130 Founded Abuse and Neglect Victims Per 1,000 Children Figure 50 23 127 hild Welfare Information C Gateway. (2013). Long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 128 .S. Department of Health U and Human Services. Child Maltreatment 2013. 129 edlak, A.J., Mettenburg, S J., Basena, M., Petta, I., McPherson, K., Greene, A., & Li, S. (2010). Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NIS–4): Report to Congress, Executive Summary. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. 130 attingly, M. J., & Walsh, M W. A. (2010). Rural families with a child abuse report are more likely headed by a single parent and endure economic and family stress. Durham, NH: Carsey Institute. Child Abuse and Neglect Rates by County Type, 2013 12 10 11 8 8 6 4 9 6 2 0 Urban Mixed urban Mixed rural Rural 51 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Mental Health Mental health is as important to a child’s overall health as physical health. Across the U.S., it is estimated that 13 percent to 20 percent of children experience a mental disorder in any given year.131 Children of any age can experience mental illness, and symptoms often start in early childhood.132 Mental illness can affect every aspect of a child’s life, causing difficulties at school, with friends, and at home. Children who receive appropriate treatment for mental illness can go on to lead healthy and productive lives, but untreated mental illness can lead to school failure, involvement in crime, and in some cases, suicide.133 Unfortunately, too many children go without appropriate mental health care due to cost, a shortage of providers, stigma or other barriers. The U.S. Surgeon General estimates that in any given year, only 20 percent of children with mental health disorders are actually identified and receive treatment.134 131 52 ational Research Council N and Institute of Medicine. (2009). Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: progress and possibilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. As cited by the Centers for Disease Control. 132 enters for Disease Control C and Prevention. (2013). Children’s mental health – New report. Retrieved from http:// www.cdc.gov/Features/ChildrensMentalHealth/. 133 ational Alliance on Mental N Illness. (n.d.). Facts on children’s mental health in America. 134 .S. Public Health Service. U (2000). Report of the Surgeon General’s Conference on Children’s Mental Health: A National Action Agenda. Washington, DC: Department of Health and Human Services. As cited by the National Alliance on Mental Illness. 135 olorado Department of C Public Health and Environment. (2014). Healthy Kids Colorado Survey. 136 enters for Disease Control. C (2013). Children’s mental health. Retrieved from http:// www.cdc.gov/Features/ChildrensMentalHealth/. 137 olorado Department of C Public Health and Environment, Health Statistics Section. Comprehensive data on mental health issues among children are difficult to find due to confidentiality concerns, stigma and the fact that most children with mental health disorders are not identified or treated. However, the data sources that do exist show that a significant portion of Colorado children and adolescents experience mental health problems. The 2013 Healthy Kids Colorado Survey, for example, asks high school and middle school students across the state several questions about their mental health. The survey found: • Approximately 60 percent of high schoolers reported that their mental health was not good on one or more days during the previous 30 days. • About a quarter of all high school and middle school students (24 percent and 26 percent, respectively) reported that they felt so sad or hopeless almost every day for two weeks or more in a row that they stopped doing their usual activities. Sadness or hopelessness that impacts daily activities is often a sign of clinical depression. • Nearly 16 percent of high schoolers reported purposefully hurting themselves without wanting to die in the previous 12 months. Self-injury is correlated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. • Approximately 15 percent of high schoolers reported that they had seriously considered attempting suicide during the past 12 months, and nearly 7 percent of students reported that they had actually attempted suicide one or more times during the previous year. • Approximately 2 percent of Colorado high schoolers made a suicide attempt during the previous year that resulted in an injury, poisoning or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or a nurse. • Among Colorado middle schoolers, 19 percent reported that they had thought seriously about committing suicide, and 7 percent reported that they had tried to kill themselves.135 Suicide is a serious problem among children and adolescents, both in Colorado and across the country. In 2010, suicide was the second-leading cause of death for adolescents ages 12 to 17.136 In Colorado, 48 teens ages 15 to 19 committed suicide in 2013— approximately 14 out of every 100,000 teens in this age group.137 Child Health in Colorado 2015 Disparities in Mental Health Issues The data from the Healthy Kids Colorado Survey show that mental health issues can affect children of any gender, any race and any ethnicity. They also show, however, that some groups of students are more likely to experience mental health issues or suicide attempts than others. Female students and American Indian students, in particular, reported mental health issues or suicide attempts at higher rates than their peers (Figures 51 and 52).138 Figure 51 Mental Health Concerns among Colorado High Schoolers by Race/Ethnicity, 2013 35% 30% 31% 25% 20% 26% 26% 21% Sadness or hopelessness impacted usual 18% 14% 9% 13% Asian Seriously considered attempting suicide 8% 5% 5% White activities 15% 14% 13% 5% 0% 22% 20% 15% 10% 28% 28% Actually attempted suicide Black or Hispanic African American American Indian Other Figure 52 Mental Health Concerns among Colorado High Schoolers by Gender, 2013 35% 32% 30% Males 25% Females 20% 15% 10% 5% 20% 17% 10% 4% 0% Sadness or Seriously considered hopelessness impacted attempting suicide usual activities 23 9% Actually attempted suicide 138 olorado Department of C Public Health and Environment. (2014). Healthy Kids Colorado Survey. 53 Early Childhood Learning and Development The future prosperity of our state depends on our ability to ensure the wellbeing of our next generation, and efforts to do so must start early. Decades of research show that development of the brain and other critical biological systems is most rapid and sensitive in the earliest years. In order to give children the best opportunities to succeed, we must ensure that all kids have high-quality early learning supports and environments right from the start. In Colorado, too many young children are growing up without the support they need to thrive. Nearly one in five children under 6 is living in poverty, according to the most recent data available. Nearly one in 10 children has already been exposed to two or more adverse experiences, such as domestic violence or caregiver mental illness, by the time they reach age 6. Without a nurturing caregiver, high-quality early learning support and a stable, healthy environment, poverty and adversity experienced during the earliest years can have lifelong impacts on a child’s physical and mental health. The good news is we know what works to help give every child a strong start in life. Strong families and communities, access to comprehensive health care, early learning opportunities, and social, emotional and mental health support help ensure kids have the opportunity to reach their full potential. The research on investments in the early years is clear: efforts to promote healthy development among young children are efficient and effective in both the short run and the long run. High-quality early learning experiences are associated with improved cognitive and social skills in the short term, as well as better academic outcomes, fewer costs related to grade repetition and savings in health and criminal justice systems in the long run. The investments we make between birth and age 5 achieve some of the best financial and social returns, including healthier, happier children, a more educated population and, ultimately, a stronger and more stable economy for our state. 54 Early Childhood Learning and Development in Colorado 2015 Early Brain Development and Toxic Stress The human brain never stops developing or learning new skills, but the earliest years of life are a particularly important period of development. During the first few years of a child’s life, the brain is building the foundations for everything else to come. More than 700 new neural connections form in the brain every second during the first few years of life, a rate that will not be matched at any subsequent stage.139 These connections form the building blocks for important brain functions such as working memory, mental flexibility and self-control, known as executive function skills. Executive function skills allow children to perform tasks such as following instructions from a teacher or controlling impulses to focus on the task at hand, but their benefits also extend into adulthood. Strong executive function and self-regulation skills help people make healthy choices throughout their lifetimes.140 The rapid pace at which the brain develops in the first years of life makes children’s environments during the early years all the more important. In order for the brain’s architecture to develop the way it should, children need stable environments with consistent, positive interactions with caring adults. The presence of a nurturing adult is particularly important in helping children develop a healthy stress response system. When a child experiences a stressor, their stress response system—the “fight or flight” response—is activated, and their body responds with an elevated heart rate, higher blood pressure and the release of stress hormones. As long as the child’s stress is buffered by a nurturing adult, his or her stress response system will soon return to normal. All children will experience stress or adversity in one form or another during their childhood, and this process helps them regulate their body’s response to stress and develop ways to cope with adversity, skills that will be important throughout their lifetime. When young children are exposed to significant adversity and do not receive a nurturing response from a parent or caregiver, their stress response systems remain on high alert; the “fight or flight” response is activated for an extended period of time. This prolonged response to stress floods their brains with toxic levels of stress hormones that disrupt the formation of the brain’s architecture at precisely the time when the brain should be building the foundation for skills that a child will need throughout his or her lifetime. The damage done to the developing brain’s architecture during the early years can have lifelong repercussions on a child’s mental and physical health.141 139 enter on the Developing C Child at Harvard University. (n.d.). Key concepts: Brain architecture. Retrieved from http://developingchild. harvard.edu/key_concepts/ brain_architecture/. 140 enter on the Developing C Child at Harvard University. (2011). Building the Brain’s “Air Traffic Control” System: How Early Experiences Shape the Development of Executive Functioning: Working Paper No. 11. Retrieved from www.developingchild.harvard.edu. 141 enter on the Developing C Child at Harvard University. (n.d.). Key concepts: Toxic stress. Retrieved from http:// developingchild.harvard.edu/ key_concepts/toxic_stress_ response/. 55 Early Childhood Learning and Development in Colorado 2015 Adverse Childhood Experiences A large study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Kaiser Permanente examined the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and certain physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood. An adverse childhood experience could include socioeconomic hardship, parental divorce or separation, the death of a parent, having an incarcerated parent, witnessing domestic violence, or living with someone who is mentally ill, among others. The study’s findings were clear: with every adverse experience a child is exposed to, his or her risk of experiencing physical and mental health problems increases. People who had four or more adverse childhood experiences were four to 12 times more likely to suffer from alcoholism, drug use or depression; two to four times more likely to smoke; and 1.4 to 1.6 times more likely to be obese. Heart disease, diabetes and sexually transmitted diseases were also more common among those who had experienced more adversity as a child.142 Unfortunately, significant childhood adversity is all too common. According to the National Survey of Children’s Health, nearly half of all children in the United States have been exposed to at least one traumatic social or family experience. In Colorado, 9 percent of children under age 6 have already been exposed to two or more adverse childhood experiences, or ACEs. This percentage increases to nearly 20 percent when all children under age 18 are considered. Children of all socioeconomic backgrounds can experience trauma or adversity, but those in low-income families are particularly at risk (Figure 53). Nearly a third (31 percent) of all Colorado children in low-income families were exposed to two or more adverse experiences, compared to 9 percent of children in upperincome families.143 Figure 53 Colorado Children Under 18 Who Faced Two or More Adverse Experiences, 2011-2012 35% 30% 25% 31% 20% 142 143 56 elitti, V.J., et al. (1998). F Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 14(4), pp. 245-258. .S. Department of Health U and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. (2013). 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health. 20% 15% 10% 9% 5% 0% Under 200% FPL All children Over 400% FPL 50 48 Early Childhood Learning and Development in Colorado 2015 Children Under 6 in Poverty Children Under Age 6 in Poverty 30% 25% 25% 19% 20% 19% 15% 10% U.S. Colorado 10% 5% 20 13 20 12 20 11 9 0 20 10 8 07 0 20 20 6 5 0 20 20 4 0 0 20 20 02 03 20 0 1 20 0 0 0% 20 In 2013, the percent of Colorado children under age 6 living in poverty declined for the second year in a row. However, the poverty rate for young children remains high at 19 percent, nearly twice the poverty rate in 2000 (Figure 54).144 Figure 54 20 In Colorado and across the country, children under 6 are more likely to be poor than any other age group—a troubling statistic given how critical the early years are to a child’s brain development. Children’s development suffers when they are deprived of an adequate amount of healthy food or experience the instability and stress often associated with poverty. Without efforts to mitigate the impact of poverty on young children, it can have lifelong effects on their health and learning. 144 opulation Reference Bureau P analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 and 2001 Supplemental Surveys and 2002-2013 American Community Surveys. As reported in the Annie E. Casey Foundation’s KIDS COUNT Data Center. 57 Early Childhood Learning and Development in Colorado 2015 School Readiness Thousands of Colorado children enroll in kindergarten each year, but not all of them begin on equal footing. A child’s readiness for school is shaped by their early experiences: the number of words they heard, their access to a high-quality preschool program and the presence of a nurturing parent or caregiver, among other factors. Children who enter school with fundamental skills such as being able to identify sounds or words or listen to instructions from a teacher are equipped with important building blocks for the language, literacy and social skills that will be important later in their education. Those who start school behind have a hard time catching up. Children in poverty and children in low-income families are particularly at risk for starting school unprepared. The Brookings Institution found that fewer than half of all children in poor families were school-ready by age 5, compared to three-quarters of children in moderate- or high-income families (Figure 55). On every component of school readiness (math, reading, physical health, learningrelated behaviors such as paying attention and problem behaviors such as disrupting the class), children from poor families lagged behind their middle- to upper-income peers.145 Additional research has found similar gaps in knowledge and skills as early as 18 months old. At 18 months, children from upperincome families were better able to identify common objects such as a dog or a ball than children in low-income families. And by age 2, children from low-income families are already six months behind in their language development.146 Addressing these gaps at an early age is the most effective way to ensure all children have the skills they need to succeed in school. Figure 55 School Readiness at Age 5 by Socioeconomic Status at Birth 100% 90% 80% 70% 75% 60% 59% 50% 40% 48% 30% 20% 145 146 58 I saacs, J.B. (2012). Starting school at a disadvantage: The school readiness of poor children. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. ernald, A., Marchman. V., F & Weisleder, A. (2013). SES differences in language processing skill and vocabulary are evident at 18 months. Developmental Science 16(2), pp. 234-248. 10% 0% Poor Near Poor Moderate or High Income Source: Isaacs, J.B. (2012). Starting school at a disadvantage: The school readiness of poor children. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. 50 48 Early Childhood Learning and Development in Colorado 2015 Preschool Enrollment High-quality early learning programs can help prevent achievement gaps between children in lowincome families and their peers and boost school readiness skills for children of all backgrounds. Preschool programs help children develop cognitive skills such as identifying letters or numbers, as well as important social skills such as taking turns, sharing, and following directions from a teacher. Across Colorado, slightly fewer than half (49 percent) of all 3- and 4-year-old children are enrolled in a preschool program of some type. Preschool enrollment rates are lowest in Colorado among children of color and children in low-income families, who are most at risk of starting school unprepared (Figure 56). On average, between 2011 and 2013, only 38 percent of children in families with incomes below 200 percent of the federal poverty level were enrolled a preschool program of any type, compared to 57 percent of children in moderate- to upper-income families.147 Figure 56 Preschool Enrollment in Colorado by Family Income, 2011-2013 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 57% 49% 40% 30% 38% 20% 10% 0% Family income below 200% FPL Colorado average Family income above 200% FPL Among the four county types, children in mixed rural communities were the least likely to be enrolled in a preschool program, while children in urban communities were the most likely to be in preschool (Figure 57). Across all counties, preschool enrollment varied from fewer than 20 percent of children in Dolores County to 100 percent of children in Hinsdale and Ouray counties.148 Note that a child’s preschool enrollment status was reported by his or her parents, and the quality of the preschool program is unknown. Figure 57 Preschool Enrollment Among 3- and 4-Year-Olds by County Type, 2009-2013 60% 50% 40% 50% 52% 53% 44% 30% 20% 147 .S. Census Bureau, AmeriU can Community Survey 20112013 3-Year Estimates. 148 .S. Census Bureau, U American Community Survey 2008-2012 5-Year Estimates. 10% 0% Mixed rural Rural Mixed urban Urban 59 Early Childhood Learning and Development in Colorado 2015 Colorado Preschool Program The Colorado Preschool Program (CPP) is Colorado’s state-funded, voluntary preschool program for 3- and 4-year-old children (as well as 5-year-olds not yet in kindergarten) who experience risk factors that are known to increase risk of academic failure. Each CPP slot includes a 2.5-hour day of preschool, four days per week, with the fifth day usually set aside for teacher professional development and family outreach activities. In the 2013-2014 school year, 172 of Colorado’s 179 school districts (including the Charter School Institute) participated in CPP. Among children who participated, 78 percent were served in public schools, 13 percent were in community programs and 9 percent were in a Head Start program.149 The number of available slots in CPP is limited by resource availability and determined by the legislature. Because slots are limited, not all children who qualify can enroll in the program. In 2013, CPP had the capacity to serve only 21 percent of 4-year-olds in Colorado and 7 percent of 3-year-olds.150 More than 5,700 children were on school district wait lists for CPP in 2013-2014, but the Colorado Department of Education estimates that more than 11,200 additional 4-year-olds qualified for CPP but had no preschool or Head Start available to them.151 For the 2014-2015 school year, the legislature authorized 20,160 traditional CPP slots but also approved additional CPP slots through an initiative called Early Childhood At-Risk Enhancement, or ECARE. The ECARE expansion in 2014-15 included a total of 8,200 half-day slots that school districts can use flexibly to meet their needs. Districts that receive ECARE grants may use the slots for a half-day of preschool, combine two ECARE slots for a full day of preschool or use them to add the second half of the day for atrisk kindergartners who would otherwise be in half-day programs. In 2014-2015, school districts used the majority of the ECARE slots to expand full-day kindergarten. Of children who were served through ECARE slots in 2014-2015, 69 percent were in full-day kindergarten, 23 percent were in half-day CPP programs and 8 percent were in full-day CPP programs (Figure 58).152 60 149 olorado Department of C Education. CPP 2014 Legislative Report. 150 arnett, W.S., Carolan, M.E., B Squires, J.H., & Clarke Brown, K. (2013). The State of Preschool 2013: State Preschool Yearbook. New Brunswick, NJ: National Institute of Early Education Research. 151 olorado Department of C Education. CPP 2015 Legislative Report. 152 olorado Department of C Education. CPP 2015 Legislative Report. The Colorado Preschool Program (CPP) provides free, high-quality early childhood education and support services to at-risk 3- and 4-year-old children to boost kindergarten readiness and prevent achievement gaps. Five-year-olds also may participate in CPP if they have not yet started kindergarten. Children who qualify for CPP must have certain risk factors present in their lives. These risk factors can include living in a family whose income is low enough to qualify for free or reduced-price lunch, homelessness, having a parent who abuses drugs or alcohol or needing language development, among others. Figure 58 Children Served Through ECARE by Type of Program, 2014-2015 Half-Day Preschool 23% Full-Day Kindergarten 69% Full-Day Preschool 8% 50 48 Early Childhood Learning and Development in Colorado 2015 Children who participate in CPP make significant progress in several developmental domains. The assessments used in CPP measure children’s social-emotional, physical, language and cognitive development, as well as literacy and math skills, and show that more than 90 percent of children enrolled in CPP meet or exceed widely held expectations for development in every area except math by the end of the preschool year. Additionally, Transitional Colorado Assessment Program (TCAP) scores starting in third grade show that at-risk children who participated in CPP consistently outperform their at-risk peers who did not participate in the program in reading, writing, math and science. This success persists throughout a child’s academic career. In some subjects, the achievement gap between these two groups of at-risk students is greater than 10 percentage points (Figure 59).153 Figure 59 CSAP/TCAP Results: Grades 3-9 Percent Proficient or Advanced At-Risk with No History of Preschool Reading Half-Day CPP (2003-04) Writing 71% Math 67% 65% Science 70% 65% 61% 54% State Average 55% 52% 50% 45% 54% 52% 48% 47% 40% 37% 35% 31% 21% 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 37% 43% 32% 25% 5th 8th Grade How the Colorado Preschool Program Ranks Compared to Other State-Funded Preschool Programs Each year, the National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) at Rutgers University releases The State of Preschool, a report that compares and ranks state-funded preschool programs across the United States based on factors including access, quality standards and funding. How did CPP rank in 2013? • Preschool access for 4-year-olds: 22 out of 41 states • Preschool access for 3-year-olds: 10 out of 27 states • State spending: 37 out of 41 states • All reported spending (local, state and federal): 32 out of 41 states 153 Source: National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) (2013). The State of Preschool 2013. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University. olorado Department of C Education. CPP 2015 Legislative Report. 61 Early Childhood Learning and Development in Colorado 2015 Early Head Start and Head Start Early Head Start and Head Start promote healthy physical, cognitive and social development and boost school readiness among children living in poverty. They provide early learning opportunities, as well as health and social services for families who want them. Depending on each family’s needs, Early Head Start and Head Start can help families find a medical home, assist them in finding health insurance for their child and provide screenings for developmental, sensory, behavioral, hearing or vision problems. The programs also encourage family involvement and build relationships with parents to help them be their child’s first and most important teacher.154 In 2013-2014, there were 66 Head Start programs operating across Colorado: 47 Head Start programs, 17 Early Head Start programs and two Migrant or Seasonal Head Start programs. Together, these 66 programs served 14,541 children and 178 pregnant women across the state. Similar to the Colorado Preschool Program, slots in Head Start are limited by funding, and only a fraction of eligible children can be served. The number of children enrolled in Head Start or Early Head Start has not kept pace with the growing number of young children living in poverty during the past decade. Between 2001 and 2013, the number of children ages birth through 5 living in poverty increased nearly twice as fast as the number of slots available in Head Start or Early Head Start (Figure 60).155,156 Figure 60 Colorado Children Under 6 in Poverty and Head Start/Early Head Start Enrollment Children Under 6 in Poverty Head Start/Early Head Start Enrollment 100,000 76,000 80,000 48,000 60,000 40,000 156 62 .S. Census Bureau. 2001 U Supplemental Survey and 2002-2013 American Community Surveys. 9 0 9- 20 0 20 2 20 010 10 -2 0 11 20 11 -2 0 12 20 12 -2 0 13 20 13 -2 0 14 8 0 0 8- 20 0 07 20 07 -2 0 6- 20 0 20 5- 0 20 20 6 5 0 4 20 0 20 40 20 03 - 20 20 02 - 20 03 02 20 0 1 0 1- -2 0 0 .S. Department of Health U and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Head Start. (2014). 2013-2014 Program Information Report. 20 155 - 0 .S. Department of Health U and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Head Start. (2013). Head Start and Health Services; About Head Start. 20 154 14,541 11,097 20,000 Note: The Head Start data in this graph reflect the time period between 2000-2001 and 2013-2014. Data on the number of children under 6 in poverty are not yet available for 2014, so data are provided for this indicator from 2001 to 2013. Early Head Start and Head Start are federally funded early childhood programs that provide comprehensive educational, nutritional, health and social services to children living in poverty. Early Head Start serves children birth to 3 years old, as well as pregnant women. Head Start serves children ages 3 to 5 years old. 50 48 Early Childhood Learning and Development in Colorado 2015 Child Care Capacity Finding a safe and consistent source of child care—whether it is provided in a child care center, a family child care home, or by a family, friend or neighbor—is a challenge for many Colorado families. In 2013, 240,000 Colorado children under age 6 lived in families where all available parents were in the labor force, meaning these children required care at some point during the day.157 Colorado’s licensed child care centers, family child care homes and preschools, however, only had capacity for approximately 106,000 children— less than half (44 percent) of those who most likely needed care during the day.158 The quality of the settings in which the other 56 percent of young children are being cared for is unknown, since this care is usually informal and unlicensed. Licensed care for infants or toddlers is even more scarce due to the high cost of providing it. As of January 2015, 21 counties in Colorado had no licensed center-based care for infants, and three counties (Jackson, Kiowa and Mineral) had no licensed infant care in either a child care center or a family child care home. Across the state, the number of licensed infant care slots declined by approximately 2 percent between 2014 and 2015. Rural counties, where licensed care for infants is already in short supply, saw a nearly 10 percent decline in the number of licensed infant slots, the largest drop among the four county types. Figure 61 Licensed Child Care Slots as a Percent of Children Under 6 ! ! Sedgwick ! # # Jackson Moffat # #!## # Routt ! Logan # #! # # !## Grand ! !# Weld # ## #!!!#!!##!!#! !!## ## Rio Blanco Eagle Garfield # !#! # # !# # !#!## !! # ! ! !#!# ! ! # #! ! !! !!!! !! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! !! ! #!#! ! ! ! !### #! # # !# !! #!##!#!##!!!!#!###! #! # ! ##! # !## ## ! !! Mesa ! Delta # Lake !! # # # # !# ! Park ! !! !!!! ! # Teller #! 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Boulder #! Phillips !# ! #! # # # !#!! # ####!! # #!#! !!! #!#!##!!!#!!# #!!##!!#!!###!!#! # #!#!## #!!#! #! ! ###!# !! ####! !#!#!!###! ! !# # # # #!! #! !##!! ! !! ! #! ! # Larimer Lincoln Cheyenne ! # # Chaffee Among the four county types, rural El Paso Gunnison counties, on average, had the most Fremont Montrose licensed child care slots as a percent of Kiowa Crowley the child population under age 6, but Ouray Saguache this statistic is somewhat misleading. Pueblo San Miguel Custer Although rural counties may have Prowers Bent Hinsdale Otero available slots in child care centers or Dolores San Juan family child care homes, providers are Mineral Huerfano Alamosa often concentrated in one geographic La Plata Rio Grande area, meaning families outside that Baca Las Animas Montezuma Costilla area may need to drive great distances Conejos Archuleta from home or from work to access child care. In addition, because some Miles 0 15 30 60 rural counties have only one or two Family Child Care Home Child Care Center or Preschool 10% to 21% 22% to 31% 32% to 39% 40% to 54% 55% to 97% licensed child care providers, parents in rural areas often have few choices, Child care location data provided by Qualistar Colorado which can make it difficult to find a provider that meets their needs in terms of program hours, cost and quality.159 Perhaps due in part to the limited choices of licensed providers, families in rural communities are more likely to rely on informal, non-relative care than families in urban communities.160 ! #! # ! ! ! !! ! !!#!!#! # !! #! # #! ! ! ! ! ! # # # #! # #! ! #!! !###! #!## # #!!#####!## # ! # # #!#! !# # !# # # ! ! !# ! ! ! ! !# ! # ! #! !#!# 159 mith, L.K. (2010). Child S care in rural areas: Top challenges. Arlington, VA: National Association of Child Care Resource and Referral Agencies. 160 mith, K. (2006). Rural S families choose homebased child care for their preschool-aged children. Durham, NH: The Carsey Institute at the University of New Hampshire. # #! ! # ! # ! ! # #! # # # # ! apacity data provided by C Qualistar Colorado. ! #! ! !#!! ! !!!!#!!! 158 ! !#! ! ! !! # # #! # # ! !# ! ! ! opulation Reference BuP reau, analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 American Community Survey. As reported by the KIDS COUNT Data Center, Annie E. Casey Foundation ! ! ! ##! !! ! 157 ! # ! ! !#!# !# # ! ! !# #! # ! ! # #! # # ! #!!! ! ! 63 Early Childhood Learning and Development in Colorado 2015 High Cost of Child Care Child care is a necessary expense for the thousands of Colorado families in which all parents are in the workforce. In Colorado, however, child care comes at an especially steep price that is out of reach for many families. Unable to afford stable child care arrangements, parents may have difficulty maintaining gainful employment. In Colorado, nearly one in five low-income families with children under 5 reported that child care issues affected their employment, leading them to change, quit or not take a job.161 LOGAN LARIMER WELD ROUTT MORGAN BOULDER Second Least Affordable State for Infant Care in a Center BROOMFIELD ADAMS DENVER GARFIELD EAGLE SUMMIT JEFFERSON ARAPAHOE DOUGLAS ELBERT MESA DELTA Child care is expensive across the country, but Colorado consistently ranks as one of the least-affordable states, relative to median income, for both centerbased child care and family child care homes. According to Child Care Aware, the annual cost of center-based infant care in Colorado in 2013 was $13,143, the second-least affordable in the country and more than the cost of tuition at a four-year college or university. Center-based care for a 4-year-old in Colorado was the sixth-least affordable in the country at $9,871 per year (Figure 62). EL PASO Sixth Least Affordable State for 4-Year-Old Care in a Center TELLER MONTROSE FREMONT PUEBLO MONTEZUMA LA PLATA Figure 62 Annual Cost of Child Care: Colorado, 2013 Child care center Family child care home $14,000 $12,000 $13,143 $10,000 $8,000 $8,817 $6,000 $9,871 $8,183 $4,000 $4,920 $2,000 $4,260 $0 Infant/toddler 161 64 4-Year-Old School-Age he Annie E. Casey FounT dation. (2014). Creating opportunity for families: A two-generation approach. Retrieved from http://www. aecf.org/m/resourcedoc/ aecf-CreatingOpportunityforFamilies-2014.pdf. 50 48 Early Childhood Learning and Development in Colorado 2015 At these rates, a single mother in Colorado making the state’s median income for single mothers of $27,491 would need to spend nearly half of her income on center-based child care for an infant. A married couple making the state median income for that family type would spend 15 percent of their income on center-based infant care. For families living in poverty, the cost of child care is even more prohibitive. A two-parent family making 100 percent of the federal poverty level (approximately $19,700 in annual income for a family of three) with an infant would spend two-thirds of their pre-tax income on child care in a center (Figure 63).162 These expenses are simply not feasible for many families. A study completed in 2014 by the Women’s Foundation of Colorado, Qualistar Colorado and the Colorado Children’s Campaign found that the cost of child care varies significantly across the state. On average, the cost of care is highest in Colorado’s urban and rural-resort counties and lowest in non-resort rural counties. A family in the rural-resort community of Pitkin County, for example, could expect to spend more than $18,000 per year on center-based infant care, and a family in Denver would spend approximately $15,400 on infant care. Meanwhile, a family in rural Dolores County would pay just under $5,000.163 Much of these differences in child care prices are driven by variations in the cost of living from place to place. The same study found the factors that tend to produce higher quality care are also those that incur higher costs. On average, Colorado pays its child care providers higher wages than many other states and also has higher staff-to-child ratios and lower group sizes. These factors can contribute to higher personnel costs because more teachers are required in order to meet these standards. Because these rules help ensure the quality of Colorado’s licensed child care facilities, any attempts to improve affordability by loosening these standards would be counterproductive to the goals our state has for young children.164 Figure 63 Cost of Infant Care in a Center as a Percentage of Income $100,000 $90,000 $80,000 $13,143 Annual child care costs $70,000 15% All other annual income $60,000 $50,000 $40,000 $72,818 $30,000 $13,143 $20,000 $10,000 $0 $13,143 As a percentage of income for a family of 3 at 100% FPL hild Care Aware of C America. (2014). Parents and the High Cost of Child Care: 2014 Report. 163 he Women’s Foundation of T Colorado, Qualistar Colorado and the Colorado Children’s Campaign. (2014). Child care cost: A Colorado brief. All price data provided by Qualistar Colorado and its network of child care resource and referral partners. 164 Ibid. 48% 67% $6,647 162 $14,348 As a percentage of state median income for a singlemother family As a percentage of state median income for a married-couple family 65 Early Childhood Learning and Development in Colorado 2015 Colorado Child Care Assistance Program All Coloradans benefit when families can access affordable, quality child care. Employers see reduced employee turnover and absenteeism. Parents benefit from knowing their child is safe and cared for while they work to support their family. And children reap benefits from positive, nurturing relationships with a stable child care provider. Too many Colorado families, however, are unable to afford the high cost of consistent, high-quality care for their children. The Colorado Child Care Assistance Program (CCCAP) is the state’s primary tool for helping make child care more affordable for families across the state. CCCAP is a voluntary program that provides a subsidy for a portion of child care costs to child care providers who contract with the program. 165 CCAP participation and C wait list data provided by the Colorado Department of Human Services. * Note: As of January 2015, Archuleta County indicated in their county plan that their eligibility rate was 130 percent of the federal poverty level. Rules that went into effect December 1, 2014, require a minimum eligibility level of 165 percent FPL. As such, their eligibility level will be moved up shortly. 66 166 olorado Department of HuC man Services. 167 egislative Audit Committee. L (2008). Colorado Child Care Assistance Program: Performance Audit. Retrieved from http://www.leg.state.co.us/ osa/coauditor1.nsf/All/8B8 7ED8F4A51F636872575160 07C98D8/$FILE/1909%20 CCAP%20Perf%20Nov%20 2008.pdf. Limited funding for CCCAP means that the program is typically not able to serve all families who qualify for it. In fiscal year 2013-2014, 30,833 children in Colorado used CCCAP subsidies—only a fraction of the low-income children in the state. As of January 2015, official wait lists reported only 37 children in three counties who were waiting for CCCAP subsidies, but the true number of children in families who qualify and could benefit from CCCAP benefits is likely much higher.165 Figure 64 CCCAP Income Eligibility Levels as of January 2015 Sedgwick 185% Jackson Moffat 225% Larimer 165% 190% Routt 165% Logan 175% Morgan 185% Boulder 225% Broomfield 185% Gilpin Adams 225% 225% Denver 225% Clear Creek Arapahoe 185% Summit 185% Jefferson 175% Grand 190% Rio Blanco 185% Eagle 185% Garfield 225% Douglas 175% Lake 300% Dolores 165% Montezuma 165% 185% El Paso Chaffee 165% Fremont 225% Ouray 225% La Plata 200% Rio Grande 165% Archuleta Conejos 225% 165% to 175% 176% to 190% 185% 225% Otero 225% Huerfano Alamosa 185% Kiowa 225% Crowley 225% Pueblo Custer Saguache 200% Hinsdale San Juan 175% 225% Mineral 165% Cheyenne 165% 165% Montrose 165% San Miguel 225% Lincoln Teller 185% Gunnison 175% Kit Carson 200% Elbert 185% Park 185% Delta 185% Yuma 175% Washington 225% 185% Pitkin 200% Mesa 165% Phillips 185% Weld 170% Bent 225% Prowers 165% 230% Costilla 225% 191% to 200% Baca Las Animas 225% 225% 201% to 230% 231% to 300% See note Specific eligibility requirements for CCCAP vary by county, but in general, parents are required to be working, searching for employment, training or enrolled in the Colorado Works Program. They must also meet income eligibility requirements. Counties may determine their own income eligibility levels, but state statute sets a minimum of 165 percent of the federal poverty level and a maximum of 85 percent of state median income based on family size. *Note: As of January 2015, Archuleta County indicated in their county plan that their eligibility rate was 130 percent of the federal poverty level. Rules that went into effect December 1, 2014, require a minimum eligibility level of 165 percent FPL. As such, their eligibility level will be moved up shortly. Because counties can set their own income eligibility requirements within these parameters, eligibility levels vary widely across the state (Figure 64). As of January 2015, 13 Colorado counties set their initial income eligibility cutoffs at the state minimum of 165 percent FPL*, and 22 counties set their eligibility requirements between 225 percent and 300 percent of FPL.166 These varying eligibility requirements mean that families who qualify for CCCAP in one county may not qualify for assistance in an adjacent county. A 2008 audit of the program found that 57 percent of families who were denied CCCAP benefits in their county of residence would have been eligible for the program in a neighboring county.167 Conversely, families who are eligible in one county may find themselves ineligible in a neighboring county. A family making 200 percent of the federal poverty level in Denver and receiving CCCAP subsidies, for example, would no longer qualify for those subsidies if they moved across the county line to Jefferson County due to differences in income eligibility levels. 50 48 Early Childhood Learning and Development in Colorado 2015 San Luis Valley: Focus on Connections, Experiences at Child Care Center for At-Risk Kids Providing a safe and stimulating environment for young children when they are out of school is the basic goal of PALS, a program of the La Puente organization in Alamosa. Children receive much more than basic care, however. They climb sand dunes, they stay overnight in a Denver skyscraper, they paint graffiti or pull weeds for elderly neighbors. And they do it all with caring adults whom they can trust. “We’re trying to create emotional touchstones as a solid place that they can stand on, and take with them throughout their lives,” said Tim Dellett, PALS Director. “A common thread to all these kids is some level of trauma. We can’t change what’s happened in the past, but we can add layers of positive experiences and hopefully their life options can expand.” PALS, which stands for Positive Activities Lead to Success, is a licensed afterschool and summer program for kids age 5 to 9. Founded in 1997, its mission is to address each child’s past experiences in order to ensure his or her present and future success. PALS and a mentor The program is part of the larger La Puente non-profit community organization, which provides emergency shelter, food assistance, transitional housing, self-sufficiency services, homelessness prevention, community outreach services, and job training for the homeless and other community members in crisis. Grants and donations support the cost of the child care program. Donors to PALS can take advantage of the Colorado Child Care Contribution Tax Credit, which provides a 50 percent tax credit on their state income taxes when they donate $100 or more. This tax credit is in addition to any tax deductions claimed. Children come to PALS because their families are guests of a homeless shelter, because they’ve had involvement in the court or human services systems, or because an educator at the elementary school recognized their need for extra connections with trusted adults. Thanks to a strong relationship with the school district, PALS staff also works with the kids during school hours to help support their learning and continue to build relationships. PALS children visited the Great Sand Dunes National Monument in February in their signature Super PALS t-shirts. “At the base level we’re a licensed child care provider,” Dellett said, “on top of that we’ve added supportive structures and layers, all centered around the heart of our work—which is relationship. Our primary relationship is with the child. From there, we work with the parent or caregiver and others who interact with the child.” 67 Education Excellent schools don’t just happen. They are carefully built by educators, community leaders and policy makers who understand that the most important asset for our future is our children’s education today. There are several key elements needed to create great schools, including excellent teaching, high standards and meaningful assessments of students’ achievement and growth. These elements should work together to boost college or career readiness for every student in Colorado, regardless of zip code. Colorado is making strides on several education indicators. Enrollment in full-day kindergarten programs, proven to boost academic achievement and improve readiness for first grade, has nearly doubled in the past seven years. High school graduation rates are improving, too, with nearly eight out of 10 Colorado high schoolers graduating on time in 2014. These are encouraging trends, but we have more work to do to ensure every Colorado child receives a great education from the first day of kindergarten through high school graduation day. Student achievement in essential subjects such as reading and writing has improved only modestly during the past decade, and achievement gaps between low-income students and students of color and their peers remain wide. And although high school graduation and dropout rates are improving, too many Colorado students are leaving high school without the skills they need to be successful in college. Nearly four in 10 public high school graduates who go on to a public Colorado college or university require remediation before they can take college-level coursework. We need the talents of all children in our state. Creating a high-quality education system will help ensure children reach their full potential, promote economic stability and growth in our communities and keep Colorado competitive in the global marketplace in the years to come. 68 Education in Colorado 2015 Colorado School Districts by Type Colorado school districts come in all sizes, from the Agate school district, with 10 students enrolled in the 2014-2015 school year, to Denver Public Schools, the largest district in the state with nearly 89,000 students. The Colorado Department of Education considers the size of school districts, as well as their distance from the nearest large urban or urbanized area, in determining whether school districts are urban/suburban, rural or small rural. Rural school districts are not in close proximity to urban areas and have a student enrollment of fewer than 6,500 students; small rural districts meet those same criteria and have a student population of fewer than 1,000 students.168 Using this definition, most of Colorado’s 178 school districts are either small rural or rural. In 2014-2015, 105 school districts were designated as small rural, 44 were rural and 29 were urban/suburban. Urban/suburban districts, however, serve the largest percentage of Colorado students. In 2014-2015, 84 percent of students were enrolled in urban/suburban districts, 12 percent were in rural districts and 4 percent were in small rural districts (Figure 65). For a complete list of school districts and their designations, see page 91. Figure 65 Student Enrollment by District Type, 2014-2015 Rural 12% Small rural 4% Urban/suburban 84% 168 63 olorado Department of C Education. (2014). Rural definition. Retrieved from http://www.cde.state.co.us/ ruraledcouncil/rural_definition_spreadsheet_042114. 69 Education in Colorado 2015 Enrollment Trends Enrollment in Colorado public schools continues to grow. In the 2014-2015 school year, enrollment in preschool through 12th grade increased to 889,006 students—an increase of more than 12,000 students from the previous year. Since the 2000-2001 school year, pupil enrollment has increased by nearly 20 percent, a faster increase than all but four other states.169 Children of color continue to make up a growing portion of Colorado’s student population. In the 2014-2015 school year, students of color made up 45 percent of all Colorado students, up from 36 percent 10 years earlier. The Hispanic and Asian student populations experienced the largest growth during this time period, while the non-Hispanic white, black and American Indian student populations have declined (Figure 66).170 Additional enrollment trends: 60% • 209,413 students received Title I funded services, approximately a quarter of all students. Title I targets resources to high-poverty districts and schools. 40% 20% 171 70 olorado Department of C Education. Fall 2013 Pupil Membership by County, District and Instructional Program. 13 14 20 12 20 11 20 20 10 9 20 0 8 20 0 7 20 0 20 20 0 20 • The number of students in gifted and talented programs increased to 68,163 students (8 percent of all students) in 2014-2015.171 6 0% 0 olorado Department of C Education. Pupil Membership 2004-2014. Note: The Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and Two or More Races categories were added in 2011. • 89,602 students (approximately 10 percent of all students) were enrolled in special education programs, a 2 percent increase from 2013-2014. 5 170 80% 20 ational Center for EducaN tion Statistics. 100% • The number of Colorado students enrolled in an online education program increased to 17,060 students in 2014-2015 (2 percent of all students) from 16,215 students in 2013-2014. • More than 13,000 students (2 percent of all students) were enrolled in alternative education campuses (AECs). AECs serve large percentages of students who are deemed “high-risk” and students with special needs. These schools often differ from traditional schools in terms of structure and programs offered in order to meet students’ individual needs. Pupil Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity 4 169 Figure 66 0 • Approximately 14 percent of all students in grades PK-12 (126,840 students) were English Language Learners (ELLs), a slight decline from the previous school year. American Indian White Asian Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Black Two or More Races Hispanic Education in Colorado 2015 Education Funding Economic conditions during the past decade brought significant challenges for schools and districts across the state. While schools were tasked with educating growing numbers of students from economically struggling families, they were also coping with budget cuts and working with increasingly limited resources. Stretched thin by cutbacks, many districts have had to reduce staff, increase class sizes, delay building repairs or implement four-day school weeks. This occurred in the context of already lean budgets compared to schools in other states. Inadequate funding limits a school’s ability to provide the high-quality professional staff, learning materials and facilities that help children succeed. After accounting for differences in the cost of living from state to state, Colorado spends significantly less per student than many other states. In 2001, Colorado’s per-pupil funding, adjusted for regional cost-of-living differences, was $714 below the national average. By 2012, the gap in per-pupil funding between Colorado and the U.S. average had widened to more than $2,700. This gap has widened every year since 2008 (Figure 67).172 Creating a great education system requires investment, and Colorado children deserve the best education system the nation has to offer. Ensuring that schools have the resources they need to create excellent learning environments for our state’s children is a smart investment in Colorado’s long-term prosperity. Figure 67 Amount Below National Average $0 Difference in Per-Pupil Spending, Adjusted for Regional Cost Differences 2001 2002 ($714) ($693) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 ($500) ($1,000) ($1,500) ($2,000) ($551) ($928) ($1,034) ($1,449) ($1,682) ($1,919) ($2,500) ($2,510) ($2,518) ($3,000) ($2,704) ($2,715) 172 ational Center for N Education Statistics. (n.d.). Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education. As reported by the Annie E. Casey Foundation in the KIDS COUNT Data Center. 71 Education in Colorado 2015 Students Enrolled in Priority Improvement or Turnaround Schools In 2009, the Colorado Legislature passed the Education Accountability Act to hold the state, school districts and individual schools accountable for their performance on a set of standardized indicators: student growth, student achievement levels, achievement gaps between students of different incomes, races or ethnicities, and postsecondary readiness.173 Based on their performance on these indicators, schools are placed in one of four categories. Schools that meet or exceed statewide performance on these indicators implement a Performance Plan. Other schools are required to implement Improvement Plans, Priority Improvement Plans or Turnaround Plans. Schools with the poorest performance are required to adopt Priority Improvement or Turnaround Plans. In the 2013-2014 school year, 75,687 students across Colorado were enrolled in schools with Priority Improvement or Turnaround Plans—approximately 9 percent of the public school student population.174 Schools required to implement Priority Improvement or Turnaround Plans tended to serve higher percentages of low-income students. Among schools that achieved the Performance Plan level, on average, 37 percent of students qualified for free or reduced-price lunch (FRL). Among those with Priority Improvement Plans, the average percentage of students qualifying for FRL was 72 percent. Turnaround schools served the highest percentage of students who qualified for FRL, with an average of 76 percent.175 The Education Accountability Act specified that no school or district should be permitted to remain accredited with a Priority Improvement or Turnaround Plan for longer than five years. On July 1, 2015, approximately 30 schools around the state will be entering the fifth year of this accountability “clock.” Together, those 30 schools served approximately 15,600 students in the 20132014 school year, or about 2 percent of all students in the state. The majority of these schools were in urban/suburban districts. 173 174 72 olorado Department of C Education. (2009). Accountability Alignment Bill Summary. ata from Colorado D Department of Education. Calculations performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign.. 175 Ibid. 176 Ibid. Among the three district types, small rural school districts had the highest percentage of schools that achieved the Performance Plan accreditation in 2014, with nearly three-quarters of schools in small rural districts earning this distinction. Rural districts had the lowest percentage of schools on Performance Plans, at 66 percent (Figure 68). Urban/suburban districts had the highest percentage of schools accredited with Priority Improvement or Turnaround Plans.176 Figure 68 School Plans by District Type, 2013-2014 100% 90% 80% 70% 66% 69% 60% Performance Plan 74% Improvement Plan 50% Priority Improvement Plan 40% Turnaround Plan 30% 20% 10% 0% 19% 27% 4% Rural 3% 8% 18% 4% Urban/ suburban 7% 2% Small Rural 66 Education in Colorado 2015 Full-Day Kindergarten Children enrolled in full-day kindergarten programs receive twice the instructional time that children in half-day programs receive. As a result, children who participate in full-day programs make larger academic gains in reading and math than children enrolled in half-day programs.177 Full-day programs also result in improved student attendance during kindergarten and lower rates of grade retention, or being held back, later in a child’s schooling.178,179 Despite these academic and social benefits, the state of Colorado only funds a little more than a half day of kindergarten for all students. If districts wish to offer full-day kindergarten, they must either find a local source of funding, such as a local bond or mill levy, or charge parents tuition.180 Consequently, full-day programs are not available to all Colorado kindergartners. In 2014-2015, 74 percent of kindergartners in Colorado were enrolled in full-day programs.181 Enrollment in fullday kindergarten programs has increased significantly since 2007-2008, however, when only 40 percent of kindergartners were in full-day programs (Figure 69). Figure 69 Colorado Kindergarten Enrollment Half-Day Kindergarten Full-Day Kindergarten 100% 90% 80% 70% 40%, 24,613 54%, 60%, 38,412 64%, 41,729 44,582 25,778 36%, 23,453 2009-2010 2010-2011 34,243 60% 67%, 69%, 46,529 47,234 48,968 21,779 31%, 20,422 30%, 19,991 26%, 17,100 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 70%, 74%, 50% 40% 30% 20% 60%, 36,963 46%, 29,742 40%, 10% 33%, 0% 2007-2008 2008-2009 Among the three district types, small rural districts had the highest percentage of kindergartners enrolled in full-day programs in 2014-2015, while urban/suburban districts had the lowest percentage (Figure 70). 177 alston, J., & West, J. W (2002). Classroom organization and curriculum differences between full-day and part-day kindergarten programs in the nation’s public schools. 178 estEd. (2005). Full Day W Kindergarten: Expanding Learning Opportunities. 179 ieman & Gastright, as cited N by Plucker, et al. (2004). The effects of full day versus half day kindergarten: Review and analysis of national and Indiana data. Center for Evaluation and Education Policy. 180 tate of Colorado Joint S Budget Committee. Figure 70 Full-Day Kindergarten Enrollment by District Type, 2014-2015 100% 80% 60% 84% 89% 72% 40% 20% 0% Urban/ suburban Rural Small Rural 181 olorado Department of C Education. Pupil Membership by District and Grade Level. 73 Education in Colorado 2015 Homeless Students Being homeless affects every aspect of a child’s life. The stress and instability associated with homelessness can make it difficult for children to succeed in school and also puts them at greater risk for health problems. After declining in 2012-2013, the number of homeless students increased in the 2013-2014 school year. In 2013-2014, school districts across the state identified 24,062 students as homeless, up from 23,293 students in 2012-2013. Much of this single-year increase occurred in counties such as Boulder or Weld where hundreds of families were displaced by the devastating floods in September 2013. Across Colorado, the number of homeless students has skyrocketed since the 2007-2008 school year, with nearly twice as many students identified as homeless in 2013-2014 (Figure 71).182 It is important to note that due to challenges associated with identifying homeless students, the actual number of students who are homeless is likely much higher than what is reported by Colorado school districts. Figure 71 Homeless Students in Colorado 25,000 550 2,499 20,000 3,755 Hotels/Motels 15,000 10,000 791 1,846 414 17,258 5,000 Unsheltered (e.g., cars, parks, campgrounds, temporary trailers or abandoned buildings) Shelters, transitional housing, awaiting foster care Doubled-up (sharing the housing of other persons due to loss of housing, economic hardship or a similar reason) 9,274 0 2007-2008 2013-2014 Homelessness can range from unsheltered living in cars or abandoned buildings to a combination of hotel and shelter transitions, but the majority of homeless students in Colorado fall into the “doubled-up” category. In other words, their families are sharing housing with other families due to economic hardship or loss of their own housing. Although being doubled-up may be less dire than being completely unsheltered, research has found that when children are living in overcrowded housing situations, their academic performance suffers. Children who grow up in crowded housing have poorer math and reading skills, complete fewer years of school and are less likely to graduate from high school.183 Figure 72 Homelessness by District Type, 2013-2014 182 183 74 olorado Department of C Education. raconi, F. (2001). Housing B and schooling. The Urban Prospect. New York, NY: Citizen’s Housing and Planning Council; Conley, D. (2001). A room with a view or a room of one’s own?: Housing and social stratification. Sociological Forum 16(2). As cited by Brennan, M. (2011). The impacts of affordable housing on education: A research summary. Insights from Housing Policy Research. Washington, DC: Center for Housing Policy. Homelessness is slightly more common in urban districts than in rural or small rural districts. In 2013-2014, approximately 3 percent of students in urban/suburban districts were identified as homeless, compared to 2 percent in rural and small rural districts. The nature of homelessness, however, varies among the three district types. Homeless students in urban/suburban districts were significantly more likely to be living in shelters or motels, while those in rural districts were the most likely among the three district types to be doubled-up with another family. Homeless children in small rural districts were much more likely than those in other district types to be unsheltered, defined as living in cars, parks, campgrounds, temporary trailers or abandoned buildings (Figure 72). 100% 90% 80% 2% 11% 17% 12% 3% 6% 9% 12% 4% Unsheltered (e.g., cars, parks, campgrounds, temporary trailers or abandoned buildings) 70% Hotels/Motels 60% Shelters, transitional housing, awaiting foster care 50% 40% 71% 76% 79% Doubled-up (sharing the housing of other persons due to loss of housing, economic hardship or a similar reason) 30% 20% 10% 0% Urban/suburban Small Rural Rural 68 Education in Colorado 2015 Overall Student Achievement Strong skills in core subjects such as reading, writing, math, science and social studies help children prepare for success when they enter college or the workforce. For years, Colorado has had standards-based assessments to measure students’ proficiency in these subject areas. While standardized assessments are not the only way to measure a student’s knowledge and abilities, standardized test scores do provide important information about student achievement and indicate many Colorado students are not performing at grade level in core subjects. Figure 73 Students Scoring Proficient or Advanced on the CSAP/TCAP 100% 80% 69% 66% 60% 56% 53% 54% 40% 42% During the past decade, proficiency levels have improved in all three Reading subject areas assessed by the CSAP/TCAP, though only modestly Math in reading and writing. In 2014, 69 percent of all Colorado students 20% Writing in third through 10th grade were reading at grade level, up slightly from 66 percent in 2004. Proficiency levels in writing increased 0% slightly from 53 percent in 2004 to 54 percent in 2014. The most 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 significant improvement was seen in math, where 56 percent of students scored proficient or above in 2014, up from 42 percent in 2004 (Figure 73).184 When compared to TCAP results from the previous school year, proficiency levels in all three subjects showed a small decline (one percentage point) from 2013 to 2014.185 In 2014, 34 percent of Colorado students in the fifth and eighth grades demonstrated a strong or distinguished command in science on the new Colorado Measures of Academic Success (CMAS) assessment, while only 17 percent of Colorado students in the fourth and seventh grades demonstrated the same in social studies (Figure 74).186 In 2012, the Transitional Colorado Assessment Program (TCAP) replaced the Colorado Student Assessment Program (CSAP) as the state’s standardized assessment. The TCAP was used by school districts as they shifted to the new Colorado Academic Standards. As of 2014, school districts began the transition to the Colorado Measures of Academic Success (CMAS), the new assessment aligned to the Colorado Academic Standards, with new assessments in science and social studies. Implementation will be complete in 2015 with new assessments in English language arts and math. The results of the new CMAS assessments are not comparable to CSAP/TCAP results. Figure 74 Students with Strong or Distinguished Command on the 2014 CMAS 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 34% 17% 184 olorado Department of C Education. 185 Ibid. 186 Ibid. 0% Science (5th and 8th grade students) Social Studies (4th and 7th grade students) 75 Education in Colorado 2015 Achievement Gaps by Family Income Looking only at statewide averages can mask differences in student performance based on factors such as family income. Children in low-income families often start school on unequal footing, and the achievement gaps between these students and their peers are difficult to close over time. In order to interrupt the cycle of poverty, it is vital that we ensure all Colorado children leave school equipped with the skills they need to thrive in adulthood. Analyzing proficiency on the CSAP/TCAP by family income illustrates Colorado’s wide achievement gaps. Students who qualify for free or reduced-price lunch are considered low-income. Their families have annual incomes at or below 185 percent of the federal poverty level ($43,568 in 2013). Since 2004, Colorado’s achievement gap in reading between low-income students and higher-income students has narrowed somewhat, but it remains very wide: 29 percentage points in 2014. While proficiency levels have improved for students from all economic backgrounds in the past 10 years, only slightly more than half of students in low-income families were reading at grade level in 2014, compared to more than 80 percent of students in moderate- and upper-income families (Figure 75). Similarly, math scores have improved for students from all economic backgrounds since 2004, but the income achievement gap has widened. In 2014, the gap between low-income and higher-income students was 28 percentage points, 1 percentage point wider than in 2004 (Figure 76). Achievement gaps based on family income persist across all subjects, all grade levels and all years for which CSAP/ TCAP data are available.187 Income achievement gaps are an issue across the nation, and research shows they are growing wider. One study found that the income achievement gap was 30 percent to 40 percent larger for children born in 2001 than for those born 25 years earlier.188 Figure 75 CSAP/TCAP Reading Proficiency by Family Income Figure 76 100% 100% 76 187 olorado Department of C Education. 188 eardon, S.F. (2011). The R widening academic achievement gap between the rich and the poor: New evidence and possible explanations. In Duncan, G.J. and Murnane, R.J., eds. (2011). Whither opportunity? Rising inequality, schools, and children’s life chances. (2011). New York: The Russell Sage Foundation and Chicago: Spencer Foundation, p. 97. As cited by the Annie E. Casey Foundation in “Early warning confirmed: A research update on thirdgrade reading.” 80% 60% 40% CSAP/TCAP Math Proficiency by Family Income 81% 76% 69% 66% 80% 60% 68% 50% 56% 52% 40% 44% 20% 20% 40% 42% 23% 0% 0% 2004 2005 2006 2007 Not Eligible for FRL 2008 2009 2010 All Students 2011 2012 2013 2014 Eligible for FRL 2004 2005 2006 2007 Not Eligible for FRL 2008 2009 2010 All Students 2011 2012 2013 2014 Eligible for FRL 70 Education in Colorado 2015 Achievement Gaps by Race/Ethnicity Colorado also has wide achievement gaps based on race and ethnicity. Across all subjects assessed by the TCAP, black, American Indian, Hispanic and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander students are less likely to be proficient or advanced than their non-Hispanic white or Asian peers. Research shows that these achievement gaps are often attributed to socioeconomic factors or “opportunity gaps” in resources available.189 However, these factors are often exacerbated by education and school funding policies. Low-income and minority students are more likely to attend poorly funded, lower-achieving schools with less access to experienced, highly qualified teachers.190,191 The achievement gaps in math based on race and ethnicity are especially wide. In 2014, 73 percent of Asian students and 67 percent of non-Hispanic white students were proficient or advanced in math, compared to 35 percent of black students, 38 percent of American Indian students and 40 percent of Hispanic students (Figure 77). While students of all races and ethnicities scored higher in reading than in math, achievement gaps remained. In 2014, 80 percent of non-Hispanic white students and 77 percent of Asian students were reading at grade level, compared to 52 percent of black, Hispanic, and American Indian students (Figure 78). Reading and math proficiency levels for black and Hispanic students have, however, improved significantly during the past decade. Proficiency levels for these student groups have increased much more quickly than those for Colorado students as a whole. For example, reading proficiency among Hispanic students increased from 41 percent in 2004 to 52 percent in 2014, while overall proficiency levels increased by only three percentage points from 66 percent to 69 percent during the same time period.192 Figure 78 2014 Math Proficiency by Race/Ethnicity 100% 100% te W hi n si a an si A W hi te 0% H is pa H ni a Is w c la a nd iia er n/ Pa ci fic A ll St ud Tw en o ts or M or e R ac es 0% A B la A me ck la r sk ic an an N Ind at i iv an e or 20% The Education Trust. (2005). The funding gap 2005: Low-income and minority students shortchanged by most states. Retrieved from http://www.hartfordinfo.org/ issues/wsd/educationfunding/FundingGap2005.pdf 190 40% 20% Editorial Projects in Education Research Center. (2011, July 7). Issues A-Z: Achievement Gap. Education Week. 189 52% 52% 52% 60% 40% 75% 77% 80% H A is A me pa la r ni sk ic c an an N Ind at i iv an H e or Is aw la a nd iia n er / Pa ci fic A ll S Tw tu de o or nt s M or e R ac es 38% 67% 69% ck 35% 80% la 52% 60% 56% 62% 67% 73% B 80% 40% 2014 Reading Proficiency by Race/Ethnicity A Figure 77 191 .S. Department of EducaU tion Office for Civil Rights. Data snapshot: Teacher equity. Retrieved from http:// www2.ed.gov/about/offices/ list/ocr/docs/crdc-teacherequity-snapshot.pdf. Colorado Department of Education. 192 77 Education in Colorado 2015 Student Achievement by Gender Student achievement also varies between male and female students in Colorado. In 2014, girls outperformed boys in both reading and writing. The achievement gap in reading was 10 percentage points, with 74 percent of girls scoring proficient or above, compared to 64 percent of boys. The writing achievement gap was particularly wide; 62 percent of girls scored proficient or above in writing, compared to only 47 percent of boys. Historically, boys have outperformed girls in math. In 2014, however, girls came close to closing the math achievement gap, with a one percentage point difference in proficiency (Figure 79).193 Figure 79 2014 TCAP Proficiency by Gender Female Male 100% 80% 74% 60% 64% 56% 57% 40% 62% 47% 20% 0% Math Colorado Department of Education. 193 78 Reading Writing Education in Colorado 2015 Achievement by School District Type Taking the size of the district and distance from the nearest large urban/urbanized area into account, the Colorado Department of Education classifies a school district as rural if its student population is approximately 6,500 students or fewer and small rural if enrollment is fewer than 1,000 students.194 However, the state of Colorado is so diverse that even among school districts similar in size and remoteness, student needs and available resources can vary widely. The student achievement data broken down by district type do not capture all of the nuances in each individual school district but do provide a general idea of how student achievement varies across district types. Differences in student achievement by district type are fairly small in most subjects. The largest difference in achievement levels in 2014 was in math. On average, students in urban/suburban districts outperformed their peers in rural and small rural districts in math, with 57 percent of students proficient in urban/suburban school districts, compared to 54 percent and 52 percent in rural and small rural districts, respectively. However, small rural districts had the highest percentage of students reading at grade level. Approximately 70 percent of students in small rural districts scored proficient or above in reading in 2014, compared to 69 percent of students in urban/suburban districts and 68 percent of students in rural districts. In writing, urban/suburban districts had the highest percentage of students scoring proficient or above with 55 percent, while rural districts followed closely with 53 percent of students and small districts with 52 percent of students (Figure 80). Figure 80 2014 TCAP Proficiency by School District Type 100% 80% 70% 60% 52% 54% 68% 69% Small Rural 57% 52% 53% 40% 55% Rural Urban/Suburban 20% Raw data provided by the Colorado Department of Education. Calculations by district type performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign. 194 0% Math Reading Writing 79 Education in Colorado 2015 Colorado Child Well-Being Index: Fourth Graders Not Proficient in Reading Prior to fourth grade, children are learning to read and building the literacy skills upon which they will rely for the rest of their lives. After fourth grade, children need to use those fundamental literacy skills to grasp other, more complex subjects. When children are not reading at grade level by fourth grade, it often predicts trouble for their success in other subjects, as well as their likelihood of graduating from high school. Children who are not reading at grade level by the end of third grade are four times more likely to drop out of high school than children who are reading proficiently.195 In Colorado, 33 percent of all fourth graders were not reading at grade level in 2014, according to the TCAP.196 However the percent of fourth graders not reading at grade level varies across the state. Among Colorado’s 25 largest counties, Montezuma County had the highest percentage of fourth graders not reading at grade level (53 percent). Douglas County had the lowest, with 22 percent of fourth graders not reading at grade level in 2014 (Table 17, Figure 81).197* Table 17 195 ernandez, D. J. (2012). H Double Jeopardy: How Third-Grade Reading Skills and Poverty Influence High School Graduation. Baltimore, MD: The Annie E. Casey Foundation. 196 olorado Department of C Education. 197 Ibid. *T he Colorado Department of Education does not publish data for Broomfield County. Data for Boulder Valley and Adams 12 school districts were used for Broomfield County. These two districts serve students residing in Broomfield County. 80 Figure 81 Douglas 22% Larimer 23% Sedgwick Routt 24% Summit 25% Jefferson 25% Boulder 25% Moffat Morgan Grand 28% El Paso 28% Washington Broomfield 29% Teller 30% La Plata 31% Delta 31% Summit Lake Lincoln Delta Teller Montrose 35% Pueblo 36% Mesa 36% Arapahoe 36% Weld 37% Adams 37% Morgan 38% Garfield 39% Denver Crowley Ouray Custer Saguache San Miguel Pueblo Otero Montezuma 60% Baca Las Animas Archuleta 21% to 28% Prowers Alamosa La Plata 10% to 20% Bent Huerfano Rio Grande 53% 40% Fremont Montrose 49% Montezuma El Paso Chaffee Gunnison 34% Kit Carson Elbert Park Mesa Eagle Arapahoe Jefferson Douglas Pitkin 32% Denver Clear Creek Eagle Garfield Yuma Adams Gilpin 29% 20% Boulder Rio Blanco Elbert 0% Phillips Weld Routt Logan Fremont Logan Larimer Conejos 29% to 34% 35% to 39% 40% to 61% No Data Education in Colorado 2015 Achievement Gaps in Fourth-Grade Reading Children from low-income families and children of color are at the highest risk of not reading proficiently by fourth grade. In Colorado, only half of fourth graders from low-income families were reading at grade level in 2014, compared to 81 percent of fourth graders from higher-income families (Figure 82).198 Similar achievement gaps exist in fourth-grade reading based on race and ethnicity. In 2014, 79 percent of non-Hispanic white fourth graders and 74 percent of Asian fourth graders were reading at grade level, compared to 47 percent of American Indian students, 50 percent of Hispanic students and 51 percent of black students (Figure 83).199 Figure 82 Fourth-Grade Reading Proficiency by Family Income, 2014 Figure 83 Fourth-Grade Reading Proficiency by Race/Ethnicity, 2014 100% 100% 80% 80% 81% 60% 40% 74% 60% 67% 50% 40% 64% 47% 50% 51% Hispanic Black 75% 79% 67% 20% 20% 0% Eligible for FRL All Fourth Graders Not Eligible for FRL 0% American Indian Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander All Students Asian Two or More Races White Early Literacy in Colorado Early intervention with children who have poor reading skills is essential. Waiting to address reading deficiencies until children score below proficient on the standardized assessments they begin taking in third grade is often too late to make a meaningful difference in a child’s literacy skills. In 2012, the Colorado legislature passed the Reading to Ensure Academic Development Act, or READ Act, focused on improving literacy in grades K-3. Schools assess students in grades K-3 to identify struggling readers in the early grades and provide targeted interventions aimed at strengthening children’s reading skills. In the 2013-2014 school year, districts across Colorado identified 37,506 students in grades K-3 who had significant reading deficiencies—approximately 14 percent of all children in the early grades. This represents a 2 percent decline from the 2012-2013 school year. 198 olorado Department of C Education. 199 Ibid. 81 Education in Colorado 2015 Habitually Truant Students Students who miss school frequently are at higher risk of falling behind in their classes. Chronically absent students, or students who miss an extended amount of school for any reason, have poorer academic outcomes than children who attend school regularly. Kindergartners who miss 10 percent of all school days have poorer academic performance in first grade. As early as sixth grade, chronic absence can predict high school dropout rates.200 The Colorado Department of Education does not report on chronic absences, but it does publish data on the number of students who are habitually truant. In order to be considered habitually truant, a student must have four unexcused absent days in a calendar month or 10 unexcused absent days in the school year or meet both of these conditions.201 Unlike chronic absence, habitual truancy rates consider only unexcused absences and do not account for students who may have a high number of excused absences. During the 2013-2014 school year, 87,157 students across Colorado were considered habitually truant—nearly 10 percent of all students enrolled in Colorado public schools and up from 83,463 students the previous school year.202 ttendance Works. (2011). A What is chronic absence? Retrieved from http://www. attendanceworks.org/ wordpress/wp-content/ uploads/2011/06/What-isChronic-Absence.pdf. 200 201 olorado Department of C Education. 202 82 Ibid. Education in Colorado 2015 Suspensions and Expulsions In the 2013-2014 school year, 54,688 Colorado students were suspended or expelled from school or referred to law enforcement at least once, down slightly from 55,990 in the previous year.203 The most common reasons for suspensions (classroom suspension, inschool suspension or out-of-school suspension) were disobedience, defiance or detrimental behavior. Drug violations and detrimental behavior contributed to the most expulsions and law enforcement referrals.204 While occasionally necessary in order to ensure a safe school environment, frequent out-of-school suspensions and expulsions can put children at risk for several negative outcomes. Research has found that students who receive out-of-school suspensions or are expelled are as many as 10 times more likely to drop out of school than their peers.205,206 If suspended or expelled students do not receive the support they need outside of school, they are also at heightened risk of substance abuse or becoming involved in crime.207 National research has shown significant disparities in suspension and expulsion rates based on race and ethnicity.208 These patterns also exist here in Colorado: data from the Colorado Department of Education show higher rates of suspensions and expulsions among children of color. For example, in the 2013-2014 school year, black/African-American students were suspended or expelled at nearly three times the rate of white students, and the suspension and expulsion rate for American Indian students was nearly twice that of white students. Among all racial and ethnic groups, male students were more likely to be suspended or expelled than female students. Black male students had the highest suspension or expulsion rates of any group, but suspension and expulsion rates were high for black female students as well. In 2013-2014, 9 percent of black females were suspended or expelled, higher than the suspension and expulsion rates for Asian and white males and males of two or more races and nearly four times higher than the suspension and expulsion rate for white females (Figure 84).209 Disparities in suspensions and expulsions appear as early as preschool. In fact, preschool-aged children are suspended and expelled at higher rates than children in the K-12 education system.210 Figure 84 Colorado Suspension and Expulsion Rates, 2013-2014 20% olorado Department of C Education. 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 Safety and Discipline Indicators. 204 olorado Department of C Education. Trend Data 2013-2014. 205 raight, S. (2010). Services W for expelled students: Overview of Research and Policy. Naperville, IL: Regional Education Laboratory Midwest at Learning Point Associates. As cited by the American Academy of Pediatrics 206 olorado Foundation for C Families and Children. (2002). Youth out of school: Linking absence to delinquency. As cited by the American Academy of Pediatrics. 207 merican Academy of A Pediatrics Committee on School Health. (2003). Outof-school suspension and expulsion. Pediatrics 112(5), pp. 1206-1209. 208 .S. Department of EducaU tion Office for Civil Rights. (2014). Data snapshot: School discipline. Retrieved from http://ocrdata.ed.gov/ Downloads/CRDC-SchoolDiscipline-Snapshot.pdf. 209 olorado Department of C Education. 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 Safety and Discipline Indicators. Calculated using unduplicated count of students. 210 Ibid 208. 18% Total 16% Female Male 9% 8% 8% 2% 1% 3% 7% 5% 5% 2% 9% 6% 4% 2% 9% 8% 6% 5% 4% 14% 13% 11% 12% 4% 203 9% 5% an -A m er ic an / B la ck r A fr ic ni c pa H is A A me la r sk ic an an N Ind at i iv an e o or ad o C ol Tw o or M or e R A ve ra ge ac es te W hi ifi c H Is aw la a nd iia er n/ Pa c A si an 0% 83 Education in Colorado 2015 Research indicates that higher suspension and expulsion rates among students of color are not due to a higher incidence of problematic behavior among these students. Rather, national research shows that students of color tend to receive harsher punishments than white students for similar behaviors.211 Colorado data from the 2013-2014 school year show that Asian and white students were more likely to receive in-class suspensions, for example, rather than harsher discipline methods such as an out-of-school suspension or a referral to law enforcement.212 Suspension and expulsion rates vary slightly by type of school district. Among the three district types, urban/suburban districts had the highest rates of suspensions and expulsions, followed by small rural districts. Rural districts had the lowest suspension and expulsion rates. Differences in the methods of discipline across district types are more striking. Small rural districts were much more likely to use milder forms of discipline, such as in-school or classroom suspensions. Urban/suburban districts were 1.6 times more likely than small rural districts to use out-of-school suspensions and more than twice as likely to refer students to law enforcement. Nearly 7 percent of all disciplinary actions in urban/suburban districts were referrals to law enforcement, compared to 5 percent in rural districts and only 3 percent in small rural districts (Figure 85). Figure 85 Type of Discipline by District Type, 2013-2014 100% 90% 80% 34% 42% 56% 70% Out of School Suspensions In School Suspensions 60% Other Action Taken 50% 39% Classroom Suspensions 32% 40% Referrals to Law Enforcement 30% 211 212 84 osen, D. J. (2011). Discipline L policies, successful schools, and racial justice. Boulder, CO: National Education Policy Center. olorado Department of C Education. 2013-2014 Safety and Discipline Indicators. 31% 20% 13% 10% 10% 0% 15% 3% 2% 3% 5% 2% Small rural Rural 4% 1% 7% 1% Urban/ suburban Expulsions Education in Colorado 2015 Graduation Rates A high school diploma opens the door to college, employment opportunities and greater earnings potential. In 2013, the median annual income for high school graduates in Colorado was nearly $9,000 higher than the median income for those who did not graduate from high school or earn a GED. Supporting all Colorado students in obtaining a high school diploma will help ensure our state has a strong workforce in the years to come. Colorado’s on-time graduation rate has steadily improved since 2010. The on-time graduation rate counts students who graduate from high school four years after leaving eighth grade. In 2014, 77 percent of all Colorado high schoolers graduated on time, up from 72 percent in 2010 when the on-time measure was first introduced.213 Despite this improvement, nearly one in four Colorado high schoolers still fails to graduate high school on time, diminishing their future job prospects and economic security. In 2014, small rural districts had the highest graduation rates among the three district types. Approximately 85 percent of students in Colorado’s small rural districts graduated on time, compared to 82 percent of students in rural districts and 79 percent of urban/ suburban districts (Figure 86).214 Note that for the purposes of this particular analysis, graduation data for multi-district online schools were omitted. Multi-district online schools are authorized by a single district, but may enroll students from outside the authorizing district. Including data for these online schools significantly skewed the data for small rural districts; therefore these data were not included. Figure 86 2014 Graduation Rates by District Type 100% 90% 80% 70% 79% 82% 85% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Urban/suburban Rural Small rural 213 olorado Department of C Education. Graduation data for the class of 2014. 214 olorado Department of EdC ucation. Raw data provided by the Colorado Department of Education. Calculations by district type performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign. 85 Education in Colorado 2015 Colorado Child Well-Being Index: Dropout Rate Without a high school diploma, the chances of finding a job that pays enough to allow a young adult to reach self-sufficiency are slim. In 2013, 25 percent of Coloradans without a high school diploma lived in poverty, compared to 13 percent of Coloradans who completed high school and 5 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree.215 Like the graduation rate, the dropout rate in Colorado has also been slowly improving. In 2014, Colorado’s dropout rate was 2.4 percent (10,546 students), down from 2.5 percent in 2013. The dropout rate is an annual percentage of all students enrolled in grades seven through 12 who leave school during a single school year without subsequently attending another school or educational program. There are large differences in dropout rates based on gender, race and ethnicity, (Figure 87). In 2014, American Indian students had the highest dropout rate at 5 percent, while Asian students had the lowest dropout rate at 1.3 percent.216 Between 2013 and 2014, dropout rates improved for students of two or more races, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander students and Hispanic/Latino students. Dropout rates worsened for black/African-American students and American Indian students and stayed flat for Asian and non-Hispanic white students. Across all racial and ethnic groups, male students were more likely to drop out than female students. Figure 87 2014 Dropout Rates 6% Total 5% Female Male 5.0% 4% 3.7% 3.3% 3% 2.4% 2% 2.7% 2.1% 1.3% 1% 1.1% 1.5% 1.6% 1.4% 2.4% 2.0% 1.8% 1.7% 1.9% 1.8% 4.1% 3.8% 3.3% 5.3% 4.7% 4.2% 2.7% c/ L ni is pa H r A me la r sk ic an an N Ind at i iv an e o A at in la /B an ic er m ic an -A n/ Pa c o ck r an c ifi A fr olorado Department of C Education. 2013-14 Dropout Rates by District, Grade, Gender and Race/Ethnicity. aw ai ia 216 H .S. Census Bureau, 2013 U American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Is l R or e M Tw o or A 86 215 de ac es te W hi an si A ll St ud en ts 0% Education in Colorado 2015 Among the counties included in the Colorado Child Well-Being Index, dropout rates vary significantly. In 2014, Routt County had the lowest dropout rate of the counties included in the index at 0.6 percent, while Montezuma County had the highest dropout rate at 5.2 percent (Table 18, Figure 88).217* Table 18 Figure 88 Routt 0.6% Douglas 0.8% Sedgwick Elbert 1.1% Summit 1.1% Boulder 1.1% Teller Phillips Weld Morgan Grand 1.6% Jefferson 1.6% Eagle Garfield Garfield 1.8% Delta 1.8% Weld 1.9% Summit Denver Clear Creek Arapahoe Jefferson Park Lincoln Delta Larimer 2.0% El Paso 2.0% Teller Gunnison Chaffee Fremont Montrose Kiowa Crowley Eagle 2.4% Pueblo 2.4% Ouray Pueblo Custer Saguache San Miguel Otero Dolores Fremont 2.8% Arapahoe 2.8% Montezuma Prowers Huerfano Rio Grande 3.2% Bent San Juan Hinsdale Mineral 3.0% Mesa Cheyenne El Paso 2.2% Adams Kit Carson Elbert Lake Mesa 1.9% Montrose Adams Douglas Pitkin Yuma Washington Broomfield Gilpin 1.7% La Plata Boulder Rio Blanco Logan Morgan Larimer Routt 1.3% Broomfield Jackson Moffat Logan La Plata Archuleta Conejos Alamosa Las Animas Costilla Baca 3.5% Denver 4.5% Montezuma 5.2% 0% 2% 4% 0% to 0.8% 0.9% to 1.7% 1.8% to 3% 3.1% to 5.2% 5.3% to 12.1% 6% 217 What is the difference between graduation rates and dropout rates? It is important to note that graduation and dropout rates do not combine to equal 100 percent of students. Each rate measures a different time period and different grade levels in school. The dropout rate is an annual percentage of all students enrolled in grades seven through 12 who leave school during a single school year without subsequently attending another school or educational program. Graduation rates, on the other hand, cover a four-year period, representing the percentage of students who receive a high school diploma within that four-year time period. olorado Department of C Education. 2013-2014 Dropout Rates by District, Gender, and Race/Ethnicity. *T he Colorado Department of Education does not publish data for Broomfield County. Data for Boulder Valley and Adams 12 school districts were used for Broomfield County. These two districts serve students residing in Broomfield County. 87 Education in Colorado 2015 Colorado Child Well-Being Index: Teens Not Attending School and Not Working On average, between 2009 and 2013, more than 20,000 Colorado teens between the ages of 16 and 19 (about 7 percent of young people in this age group) were not enrolled in school and not working. These teens are commonly referred to as “disconnected youth,” since they are isolated from the activities that help young adults get a foothold in the workforce. Young people without sufficient education or adequate work experience are at higher risk for unemployment later in life.218 Among Colorado’s largest 25 counties, teens in Teller County were most likely to be disconnected from school and work between 2009 and 2013, while Elbert County teens were the least likely to be out of school and out of work (Table 19, Figure 89).219 Table 19 Elbert Figure 89 0% Garfield 3% Boulder 3% Larimer Routt 219 88 he Annie E. Casey FoundaT tion. (2012). Youth and work: Restoring teen and young adult connections to opportunity. he percentage of teenagers T ages 16 to 19 who are not enrolled in school and are either unemployed or not in the labor force. Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 20092013 American Community Survey 5-Year Averages. Morgan 5% Douglas 218 Weld Routt 5% Montrose Logan Larimer 4% Boulder Broomfield 5% Summit 6% Broomfield 6% Weld 7% Morgan 7% Jefferson 7% El Paso 7% Garfield Eagle Adams Denver Summit Arapahoe Jefferson Elbert Douglas Mesa La Plata 8% Eagle 8% Delta Mesa 9% Logan* 9% Fremont 9% Denver 9% Delta 9% Pueblo 10% Arapahoe 10% 11% Adams Fremont Montrose Pueblo Montezuma El Paso Teller Montezuma La Plata 11% Teller 12% 0% 0% 5% 10% 15% *Note: The inclusion of a correctional facility in Logan County in the American Community Survey artificially inflated the number of teens not in school and not working for 2009-2013. To account for this, data from 2007-2011 were used for Logan County. 1% to 5% 6% to 7% 8% to 9% 10% to 12% Education in Colorado 2015 Remediation Rates Figure 90 Earning a high school diploma is an important milestone and a solid step toward better employment opportunities later in life. However, too many Colorado students are graduating high school without having mastered the skills they need to succeed in college or the workforce. Each year, the Colorado Department of Higher Education (CDHE) tracks the percent of Colorado high school graduates whose skills are not yet strong enough for them to succeed in college courses. This measure is known as the remediation rate. Remediation Rates 100% 90% 80% 70% 65% 67% 66% 39% 41% 40% 65% 60% 50% Two-Year Institutions 37% 40% Average Four-Year Institutions According to CDHE, among Colorado students who graduated 30% from a public high school in 2012 and entered a public 20% 25% 24% 23% Colorado college or university, 37 percent were either assessed 20% 10% as needing remediation or enrolled in a remedial course in at 0% least one subject (Figure 90). This is an improvement from Class of 2009 Class of 2010 Class of 2011 Class of 2012 2011, when 40 percent of students required remediation. Much of this improvement happened among students at four-year institutions. Students at Colorado’s two-year colleges were much more likely to need remediation than students in four-year colleges (65 percent of students in two-year colleges vs. 20 percent of students in four-year institutions). Like many other education indicators, remediation rates vary by race and ethnicity. African-American students were most likely to require remediation at both two-year and four-year institutions. Non-Hispanic white students were least likely to need remediation at two-year schools, while Asian students had the lowest remediation rates at four-year institutions (Figure 91). Remediation rates were also higher for students from low-income families; 59 percent of students who qualified for free or reduced-price lunch (FRL) needed remediation, compared to 31 percent of non-FRL students.220 Remediation Rates by Race/Ethnicity and Type of Institution Figure 91 Two-Year Institutions Four-Year Institutions 100% 80% 40% 87% 78% 68% 49% 38% 37% 22% 17% 20% 68% 65% 55% 60% 17% ic an 220 m er pa is A fr ic an -A H an er ic ni c an In di an A si A m M or Tw o -H is pa ni or e c R W hi ac es te 0% N on Remedial education is costly to students and to the state. In 2012-2013, the total cost associated with remedial education was $56 million, of which $38 million was charged to students as tuition. Remedial courses can be particularly burdensome for students because the cost associated with remedial courses is not always covered by a student’s financial aid. Additionally, remedial courses do not count toward students’ college credits, meaning it will take them longer to earn a degree. Among students at four-year institutions, those required to take remedial courses were less likely to persist into their second year of college.221 221 olorado Department of C Higher Education. (2014). 2013 Legislative Report on Remedial Education. Ibid. 89 Education in Colorado 2015 Denver: Two-Generation Approach to Putting Families on a Steadier Path at Florence Crittenton Services The challenges any new parent faces are monumental. For a young parent in high school, those challenges are compounded. Child care, housing, food and everything else a child needs are nearly impossible to provide without a high school diploma. At the same time, children living in families facing financial and mental stress are at risk for having poorer health and education outcomes than their peers. There are many lifelines for children and families facing these hardships, but they are rarely so intentional and coordinated as they are at Florence Crittenton Services. The Denver high school and center for early learning and family engagement brings together programs for children and teen parents to solve immediate challenges—and prevent the development of long-term issues. For Rebeca Rojas, the wrap-around support she and her son Jaiden received saved her from dropping out and him from beginning school behind. Services ranging from academic and counseling support to consistent, high-quality child care ensured Rebeca and Jaiden both thrived in the 2013-14 school year. Rebeca and Jaiden “Jaiden and I only missed one day of school that year,” Rebeca said. “Jaiden’s regular attendance in the Early Learning Center helped him learn and develop so much, both academically and emotionally. He loves learning and we read stories before bed every night.” Nearly perfect attendance and improved academic performance prompted Rebeca’s teachers to nominate her for the Mayor of Denver’s Mile High Scholar award, which she received. Rebeca is now on track to graduate in the spring of 2015, and is excited about starting the Cadet Program of the City and County of Denver in January 2015—with a full scholarship to the Metropolitan State University of Denver. To ensure that kids thrive and succeed from birth onward, we must simultaneously address the obstacles facing their parents, according to a recent report from the Annie E. Casey Foundation. Rebeca and Jaiden’s story is an example of how investing in children and their families at key points in a child’s development will place the next generation on a steadier path. 90 Appendix of School Districts in Colorado 2015 A Colorado school district is defined as rural based on the size of the district, its distance from the nearest large urban/urbanized area, and a student enrollment of approximately 6,500 students or fewer. Small rural districts meet these same criteria and have a student population of fewer than 1,000 students. District Name CDE Rural Definition Academy 20 Adams 12 Five Star Schools Adams County 14 Adams-Arapahoe 28J Agate 300 Aguilar Reorganized 6 Akron R-1 Alamosa Re-11J Archuleta County 50 Jt Arickaree R-2 Arriba-Flagler C-20 Aspen 1 Ault-Highland Re-9 Bayfield 10 Jt-R Bennett 29J Bethune R-5 Big Sandy 100J Boulder Valley Re 2 Branson Reorganized 82 Briggsdale Re-10 Brush Re-2(J) Buena Vista R-31 Buffalo Re-4J Burlington Re-6J Byers 32J Calhan Rj-1 Campo Re-6 Canon City Re-1 Centennial R-1 Center 26 Jt Charter School Institute Cheraw 31 Cherry Creek 5 Cheyenne County Re-5 Cheyenne Mountain 12 Clear Creek Re-1 Colorado Springs 11 Cotopaxi Re-3 Creede School District Cripple Creek-Victor Re-1 Crowley County Re-1-J Custer County School District C-1 De Beque 49Jt Deer Trail 26J Del Norte C-7 Delta County 50(J) Denver County 1 Dolores County Re No.2 Dolores Re-4A Douglas County Re 1 Durango 9-R Eads Re-1 Eagle County Re 50 East Grand 2 East Otero R-1 Eaton Re-2 Edison 54 Jt Elbert 200 Elizabeth C-1 Ellicott 22 Urban/suburban Urban/suburban Urban/suburban Urban/suburban Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Rural Rural Small Rural Small Rural Rural Small Rural Rural Rural Small Rural Small Rural Urban/suburban Small Rural Small Rural Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Rural Small Rural Small Rural Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Urban/suburban Small Rural Urban/suburban Small Rural Urban/suburban Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Rural Urban/suburban Small Rural Small Rural Urban/suburban Rural Small Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Small Rural Small Rural Rural Rural District Name Englewood 1 Estes Park R-3 Falcon 49 Fort Morgan Re-3 Fountain 8 Fowler R-4J Fremont Re-2 Frenchman Re-3 Garfield 16 Garfield Re-2 Genoa-Hugo C113 Gilpin County Re-1 Granada Re-1 Greeley 6 Gunnison Watershed Re1J Hanover 28 Harrison 2 Haxtun Re-2J Hayden Re-1 Hinsdale County Re 1 Hi-Plains R-23 Hoehne Reorganized 3 Holly Re-3 Holyoke Re-1J Huerfano Re-1 Idalia Rj-3 Ignacio 11 Jt Jefferson County R-1 Johnstown-Milliken Re-5J Julesburg Re-1 Karval Re-23 Kim Reorganized 88 Kiowa C-2 Kit Carson R-1 La Veta Re-2 Lake County R-1 Lamar Re-2 Las Animas Re-1 Lewis-Palmer 38 Liberty J-4 Limon Re-4J Littleton 6 Lone Star 101 Mancos Re-6 Manitou Springs 14 Manzanola 3J Mapleton 1 Mc Clave Re-2 Meeker Re1 Mesa County Valley 51 Miami/Yoder 60 Jt Moffat 2 Moffat County Re:No 1 Monte Vista C-8 Montezuma-Cortez Re-1 Montrose County Re-1J Mountain Valley Re 1 North Conejos Re-1J North Park R-1 Norwood R-2J CDE Rural Definition Urban/suburban Rural Urban/suburban Rural Urban/suburban Small Rural Rural Small Rural Rural Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Urban/suburban Rural Small Rural Urban/suburban Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Urban/suburban Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Rural Rural Small Rural Urban/suburban Small Rural Small Rural Urban/suburban Small Rural Small Rural Rural Small Rural Urban/suburban Small Rural Small Rural Urban/suburban Small Rural Small Rural Rural Rural Rural Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural Small Rural District Name CDE Rural Definition Small Rural Otis R-3 Small Rural Ouray R-1 Small Rural Park County Re-2 Small Rural Pawnee Re-12 Small Rural Peyton 23 Jt Small Rural Plainview Re-2 Small Rural Plateau Re-5 Small Rural Plateau Valley 50 Rural Platte Canyon 1 Rural Platte Valley Re-7 Urban/suburban Poudre R-1 Small Rural Prairie Re-11 Small Rural Primero Reorganized 2 Small Rural Pritchett Re-3 Urban/suburban Pueblo City 60 Urban/suburban Pueblo County 70 Small Rural Rangely Re-4 Small Rural Revere School District Small Rural Ridgway R-2 Rural Roaring Fork Re-1 Small Rural Rocky Ford R-2 Rural Salida R-32 Small Rural Sanford 6J Small Rural Sangre De Cristo Re-22J Small Rural Sargent Re-33J Urban/suburban School District 27J Urban/suburban Sheridan 2 Small Rural Sierra Grande R-30 Small Rural Silverton 1 Small Rural South Conejos Re-10 Small Rural South Routt Re 3 Small Rural Springfield Re-4 Urban/suburban St. Vrain Valley Re 1J Rural Steamboat Springs Re-2 Rural Strasburg 31J Small Rural Stratton R-4 Rural Summit Re-1 Small Rural Swink 33 Small Rural Telluride R-1 Urban/suburban Thompson R2-J Rural Trinidad 1 Rural Valley Re-1 Small Rural Vilas Re-5 Small Rural Walsh Re-1 Rural Weld County Re-1 Rural Weld County S/D Re-8 Rural Weld County School District RE-3(J) Small Rural Weldon Valley Re-20(J) Small Rural West End Re-2 Small Rural West Grand 1-Jt. Urban/suburban Westminster 50 Urban/suburban Widefield 3 Small Rural Wiggins Re-50(J) Small Rural Wiley Re-13 Jt Rural Windsor Re-4 Rural Woodland Park Re-2 Small Rural Woodlin R-104 Small Rural Wray Rd-2 Small Rural Yuma 1 91 County Data 92 STATE OF COLORADO 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% SEDGWICK MOFFAT JACKSON LOGAN WELD LARIMER PHILLIPS ROUTT MORGAN GRAND RIO BLANCO BOULDER M EAGLE GARFIELD PITKIN MESA CLEAR CREEK M IT LAKE VER N DE ARAPAHOE ELBERT TELLER KIT CARSON CHEYENNE LINCOLN FREMONT KIOWA CROWLEY OU DOLORES WASHINGTON EL PASO CHAFFEE MONTROSE SAN MIGUEL ADAMS DOUGLAS PARK DELTA GUNNISON YUMA BROOMFIELD GILPIN SU JEFFERSON 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 RA Y SAN JUAN MONTEZUMA PUEBLO SAGUACHE HINSDALE Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS CUSTER OTERO MINERAL COUNTY DATA COLORADO SA O RIO GRANDE AM AL LA PLATA ARCHULETA PROWERS BENT HUERFANO CONEJOS COSTILLA LAS ANIMAS BACA 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 468,688 131,778 28.1% 36,588 95,190 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 27.2% 21.0% 31.4 5.0% 7.1 3,874 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 47.7% 39.3% 8.3% 54,876 17.5% 16.7% 3.2% 44.3% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 9.0% 78.4% 6.7% 12.1 6.1 14.3 49.2 5.7 40 11.1% 47% 9.6% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 84,340 74.5% 22.9% 70.4% 37.4% 50.3% 62.0% 45.5% 24.0% 11.2% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA ADAMS COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS ADAMS 93 COUNTY DATA County Data 94 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Alamosa COLORADO 15,805 3,930 24.9% 1,154 2,776 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 22.3% 15.6% 19.5 3.1% 17.0 78 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 66.9% 56.9% 9.9% 37,484 35.3% 35.9% 13.7% 68.8% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 10.7% 81.4% 9.0% 29.2 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 13.8% 63% 15.3% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 2,473 100.0% 14.2% 77.4% 33.1% 48.8% 65.5% 48.7% 25.3% 7.8% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Alamosa COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 606,603 149,418 24.6% 40,012 109,406 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 24.0% 13.1% 20.9 3.5% 6.6 2,403 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 43.4% 36.6% 6.8% 61,092 16.6% 15.5% 4.5% 34.0% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 9.4% 77.6% 5.3% 5.0 5.5 17.1 46.5 6.8 26.9 9.0% 37% 9.2% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 118,647 53.7% 20.1% 76.0% 36.0% 55.3% 65.8% 52.8% 32.4% 18.6% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Arapahoe COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Arapahoe 95 COUNTY DATA County Data 96 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Archuleta COLORADO 12,168 2,295 18.9% 594 1,701 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 33.6% 9.3% 26.3 4.7% 12.2 7 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 52.4% 40.5% 11.9% 44,417 26.1% 24.6% 5.6% 48.1% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 9.1% 63.3% 11.8% 14.2 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 16.3% 53% 19.9% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 1,326 92.9% 10.3% 86.3% 32.2% 49.5% 66.0% 44.8% 29.0% 9.2% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Archuleta COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 3,669 776 21.2% 222 554 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 26.2% 9.5% 38.5 LNE 16.5 1 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 62.0% 46.6% 15.5% 35,787 29.3% 28.7% 6.4% 46.8% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% LNE 69.2% 16.7% 15.2 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 18.3% 58% 15.3% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 640 100.0% 2.5% 65.2% 33.3% 56.7% 73.1% 56.5% 21.0% 8.5% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Baca COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Baca 97 COUNTY DATA County Data 98 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Bent COLORADO 5,674 829 14.6% 201 628 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 30.6% 22.9% 53.8 14.3% 20.2 1 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 68.6% 58.3% 10.3% 34,440 37.0% 35.0% 17.0% 92.0% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% LNE 66.7% 11.1% 33.6 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 15.5% 87% 11.2% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 780 100.0% 3.3% 93.6% 24.5% 52.8% 72.5% 56.6% 21.6% 5.8% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Bent COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 309,874 64,542 20.8% 15,639 48,903 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 17.1% 10.4% 8.8 2.7% 2.9 2,324 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 24.7% 20.8% 3.9% 71,405 12.8% 11.9% 2.3% 26.1% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 8.4% 85.7% 3.9% 6.4 4.1 10 54.7 LNE 50.5 7.0% 26% 8.8% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 61,984 48.9% 12.1% 88.0% 24.6% 64.9% 76.9% 63.7% 43.9% 25.0% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Boulder COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Boulder 99 COUNTY DATA County Data 100 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Broomfield COLORADO 59,450 14,912 25.1% 3,548 11,364 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 14.6% 7.7% 8.3 2.0% 2.7 N/A 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 N/A N/A N/A 79,117 7.0% 6.8% 0.7% 16.2% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 6.8% 85.9% 5.0% 6.1 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 6.0% 17% 6.9% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Broomfield COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 18,282 2,966 16.2% 752 2,213 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 22.6% 5.9% 18.9 2.2% 7.5 16 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 36.9% 25.8% 11.1% 48,012 19.3% 18.6% 6.0% 37.4% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 10.9% 83.8% 12.4% 10.2 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 16.0% 41% 12.5% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 2,144 98.7% 1.4% 84.8% 25.3% 62.0% 76.6% 59.9% 34.5% 15.7% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Chaffee COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Chaffee 101 COUNTY DATA County Data 102 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Cheyenne COLORADO 1,887 457 24.2% 138 319 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 LNE LNE LNE LNE 8.7 1 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 43.1% 32.1% 11.0% 50,379 20.3% 21.1% 6.3% 36.2% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% LNE 78.3% LNE 0.0 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 12.9% 51% 11.2% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 290 64.3% 4.1% 83.3% LNE 56.3% 70.7% 52.7% 33.3% 18.4% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Cheyenne COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 9,029 1,494 16.5% 373 1,121 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 13.0% 3.9% 19.6 LNE 15.9 10 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 25.1% 21.2% 3.8% 63,489 13.5% 12.4% 2.7% 29.8% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 13.0% 82.9% 6.9% 13.0 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 8.5% 40% 6.9% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 890 100.0% 0.3% 80.8% 26.4% 60.8% 79.5% 61.2% 24.8% 9.3% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Clear Creek COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Clear Creek 103 COUNTY DATA County Data 104 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Conejos COLORADO 8,228 2,248 27.3% 593 1,654 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 22.5% 9.4% 35.7 3.4% 7.0 11 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 65.3% 50.3% 15.0% 34,923 30.4% 28.0% 6.9% 43.3% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 10.9% 79.8% 8.5% 6.1 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 18.9% 60% 15.3% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 1,573 100.0% 2.0% 89.5% 33.3% 52.7% 67.7% 52.2% 29.3% 8.0% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Conejos COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 3,506 670 19.1% 161 509 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 23.3% 16.7% 32.7 LNE 9.9 43 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 84.8% 73.3% 11.6% 28,233 37.8% 34.0% 25.4% 59.0% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 13.3% 63.0% LNE 1.4 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 16.2% 86% 15.3% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 475 100.0% 12.6% 92.9% LNE 42.8% 56.1% 39.0% 15.0% 0.0% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Costilla COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Costilla 105 COUNTY DATA County Data 106 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Crowley COLORADO 5,225 599 11.5% 146 453 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 27.3% 11.1% 82.5 LNE 17.3 0 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 70.5% 58.8% 11.7% 31,477 38.5% 36.9% 27.5% N/A 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 11.1% 59.1% 11.4% 5.2 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 13.4% 100% 11.2% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 437 100.0% 0.5% 71.4% 20.0% 51.6% 73.6% 52.3% 28.2% 14.7% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Crowley COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 4,295 653 15.2% 127 526 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 36.0% 28.0% 24.0 12.0% 1.5 0 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 48.1% 36.8% 11.3% 47,268 29.7% 26.2% 6.7% 37.8% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% LNE 64.0% 16.0% 1.4 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 10.9% 54% 12.5% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 397 100.0% 0.0% 85.4% 16.7% 57.0% 71.1% 49.8% 37.7% 12.9% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Custer COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Custer 107 COUNTY DATA County Data 108 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Delta COLORADO 30,299 6,415 21.2% 1,641 4,774 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 26.8% 16.2% 39.5 3.9% 9.3 122 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 52.5% 41.9% 10.6% 41,730 21.5% 20.1% 5.5% 39.5% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 9.9% 72.1% 19.5% 6.1 12.8 LNE LNE LNE LNE 12.4% 50% 16.7% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 5,075 93.0% 6.8% 81.6% 31.2% 56.9% 71.8% 58.3% 32.2% 10.9% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Delta COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 648,937 142,562 22.0% 46,948 95,614 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 22.8% 17.3% 33.3 4.0% 10.6 2,251 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 69.7% 61.6% 8.2% 51,156 28.7% 29.2% 9.9% 35.3% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 9.0% 80.6% 4.4% 8.1 7.3 12.2 41.4 6.1 41.4 9.6% 52% 7.0% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 88,839 99.5% 33.3% 62.8% 48.8% 46.6% 54.3% 44.0% 20.0% 10.8% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Denver COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Denver 109 COUNTY DATA County Data 110 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Dolores COLORADO 2,012 440 21.9% 110 330 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 18.8% LNE LNE LNE 2.2 0 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 50.2% 33.8% 16.4% 42,416 18.3% 16.8% 3.0% 41.8% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% LNE 85.7% LNE 0.0 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 15.3% 63% 19.9% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 269 100.0% 0.0% 82.1% LNE 44.9% 63.9% 37.4% 15.4% 4.7% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Dolores COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 306,033 86,916 28.4% 18,679 68,236 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 8.9% 2.0% 4.4 0.7% 1.8 970 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 11.1% 8.5% 2.7% 105,192 3.8% 3.4% 0.3% 8.1% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 7.7% 91.9% 2.4% 3.1 3.2 10.3 52.8 LNE 44.7 3.5% 10% 5.1% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 66,702 50.8% 4.8% 88.9% 21.7% 69.7% 79.9% 66.3% 39.1% 20.1% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Douglas COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Douglas 111 COUNTY DATA County Data 112 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Eagle COLORADO 52,338 12,701 24.3% 3,494 9,208 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 17.2% 19.2% 17.8 3.1% 1.4 50 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 42.2% 31.7% 10.5% 78,517 13.6% 12.4% 1.2% 29.6% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 10.8% 81.1% 1.2% 6.1 6.6 29.3 LNE LNE LNE 8.7% 29% 14.8% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 6,713 99.2% 34.6% 81.6% 33.5% 53.6% 69.5% 53.8% 40.8% 20.8% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Eagle COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 655,812 168,039 25.6% 46,086 121,953 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 22.7% 9.2% 24.2 3.4% 7.7 1,783 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 38.8% 31.0% 7.7% 57,072 13.8% 12.4% 4.3% 40.1% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 9.8% 81.0% 8.1% 10.4 5 25.8 60.4 12.9 50 6.7% 35% 4.4% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 117,031 86.2% 6.4% 77.8% 27.9% 59.3% 73.3% 58.6% 34.4% 17.6% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA El Paso COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS El Paso 113 COUNTY DATA County Data 114 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Elbert COLORADO 23,679 5,208 22.0% 975 4,233 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 21.0% LNE 9.0 LNE 6.2 5 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 21.3% 15.2% 6.2% 80,972 9.1% 7.6% 2.9% 19.5% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 6.8% 85.4% 8.0% 9.0 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 5.8% 22% 4.7% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 3,358 90.9% 1.3% 91.6% 28.6% 56.7% 73.0% 53.1% 32.0% 10.5% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Elbert COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 46,260 7,686 16.6% 1,843 5,843 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 32.7% 13.0% 30.1 5.3% 21.9 37 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 55.4% 42.5% 12.9% 41,412 31.2% 30.0% 11.2% 59.0% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 8.7% 68.1% 20.4% 11.2 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 10.4% 54% 12.5% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 5,197 100.0% 1.2% 78.8% 32.4% 49.0% 67.0% 47.5% 20.2% 10.0% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Fremont COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Fremont 115 COUNTY DATA County Data 116 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Garfield COLORADO 57,298 15,335 26.8% 4,271 11,064 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 27.0% 23.3% 38.7 6.7% 3.7 184 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 47.2% 36.5% 10.6% 57,364 16.4% 16.6% 1.7% 30.4% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 8.6% 65.9% 7.8% 5.4 3.9 LNE 103.9 LNE 103.9 12.5% 40% 18.0% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 11,479 77.7% 24.7% 81.1% 38.9% 49.0% 64.5% 48.8% 29.5% 12.3% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Garfield COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 5,589 994 17.8% 263 732 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 29.5% LNE LNE LNE 13.1 2 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 27.5% 21.2% 6.3% 64,962 10.3% 7.2% 3.8% 11.0% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 22.7% 76.7% 9.5% 9.8 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 9.0% 40% 6.9% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 429 90.0% 0.5% 94.7% 37.9% 55.0% 74.1% 55.8% 45.3% 12.7% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Gilpin COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Gilpin 117 COUNTY DATA County Data 118 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Grand COLORADO 14,287 2,707 18.9% 619 2,088 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 21.3% 7.9% 8.1 LNE 4.0 5 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 34.1% 24.2% 9.9% 57,312 16.4% 15.1% 1.6% 32.6% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 13.4% 84.3% 11.9% 1.4 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 13.1% 30% 14.8% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 1,721 100.0% 9.1% 87.5% 18.7% 60.3% 76.5% 60.3% 28.9% 15.2% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Grand COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 15,454 2,906 18.8% 783 2,123 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 14.3% 11.4% 10.0 LNE 6.0 1 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 25.4% 21.6% 3.8% 48,391 18.1% 16.6% 2.4% 31.5% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 7.5% 85.4% 5.3% 13.7 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 12.5% 32% 19.9% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 1,929 82.1% 8.8% 87.1% 34.8% 63.6% 73.9% 59.7% 33.6% 14.8% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Gunnison COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Gunnison 119 COUNTY DATA County Data 120 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Hinsdale COLORADO 805 174 21.6% 39 135 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 LNE LNE LNE LNE 0.0 0 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 35.4% 24.0% 11.5% 52,188 31.2% 28.2% LNE 28.2% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% LNE 100.0% LNE 0.0 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 98% 19.9% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 96 100.0% 3.1% 100.0% LNE 69.6% 84.8% 60.9% 42.9% LNE 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Hinsdale COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 6,467 1,051 16.3% 264 787 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 36.6% 36.6% 62.0 19.5% 19.2 0 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 74.5% 62.2% 12.2% 32,418 40.2% 36.9% 18.0% 62.1% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 14.6% 63.4% 9.8% 53.3 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 13.3% 81% 12.5% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 752 100.0% 1.6% 78.9% 51.8% 43.5% 60.1% 37.7% 17.6% 8.1% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Huerfano COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Huerfano 121 COUNTY DATA County Data 122 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Jackson COLORADO 1,353 247 18.3% 46 200 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 40.0% LNE LNE LNE 4.0 1 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 51.1% 30.5% 20.5% 43,549 26.2% 23.2% 1.2% 52.2% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 50.0% 87.5% LNE 0.0 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 15.6% 73% 14.8% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 190 100.0% 10.5% 85.7% LNE 61.4% 69.3% 52.0% 39.3% 7.1% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Jackson COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 552,213 116,356 21.1% 28,971 87,385 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 21.6% 8.0% 12.4 2.9% 7.8 2,459 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 31.0% 24.3% 6.7% 68,161 12.6% 12.0% 3.5% 24.0% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 8.9% 88.5% 7.5% 5.2 3.8 13.4 27.9 LNE 13.9 7.4% 28% 10.4% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 86,547 76.0% 7.6% 82.9% 24.8% 62.9% 76.2% 60.6% 42.3% 22.0% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Jefferson COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Jefferson 123 COUNTY DATA County Data 124 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Kiowa COLORADO 1,401 292 20.8% 70 222 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 LNE LNE LNE LNE 13.3 0 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 39.4% 26.6% 12.9% 42,378 20.2% 20.5% 6.8% 35.7% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% LNE 62.5% LNE 6.3 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 15.0% 69% 11.2% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 241 100.0% 0.0% 88.9% LNE 55.2% 73.1% 59.7% 37.9% 12.1% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Kiowa COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 8,052 1,727 21.4% 475 1,252 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 25.9% 16.7% 40.6 6.0% 4.0 43 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 56.9% 39.4% 17.5% 39,633 19.5% 18.6% 6.4% 54.9% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 12.9% 76.7% 11.7% 8.5 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 20.2% 49% 11.2% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 1,419 100.0% 16.0% 88.7% 32.0% 46.5% 62.3% 47.1% 20.3% 10.3% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Kit Carson COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Kit Carson 125 COUNTY DATA County Data 126 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS La Plata COLORADO 53,446 10,599 19.8% 2,794 7,806 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 31.7% 9.5% 18.7 4.0% 5.1 45 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 31.3% 23.5% 7.8% 58,675 14.6% 13.6% 3.6% 30.7% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 7.2% 77.1% 12.9% 11.5 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 12.9% 34% 19.9% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 6,680 100.0% 4.0% 83.2% 30.5% 54.9% 72.5% 54.8% 33.7% 11.4% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% La Plata COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 7,308 1,788 24.5% 465 1,324 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 31.2% 16.9% 29.5 5.2% 4.8 4 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 67.4% 53.2% 14.2% 47,547 26.8% 25.2% 6.3% 37.8% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 11.7% 65.3% 9.2% 11.7 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 12.5% 54% 12.5% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 1,093 100.0% 36.0% 76.7% 61.0% 28.1% 41.6% 28.8% 19.1% 4.5% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Lake COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Lake 127 COUNTY DATA County Data 128 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Larimer COLORADO 315,728 66,416 21.0% 17,753 48,663 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 21.7% 9.2% 17.9 3.1% 6.8 1,769 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 33.3% 26.7% 6.6% 59,337 12.7% 12.2% 4.3% 25.8% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 7.2% 83.6% 5.7% 5.1 2.7 9.6 27.9 LNE 27.9 8.7% 31% 6.4% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 46,313 70.1% 6.1% 79.5% 23.3% 62.0% 75.2% 60.4% 42.3% 23.2% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Larimer COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 14,361 2,789 19.4% 700 2,089 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 52.2% 20.1% 48.3 10.4% 17.3 4 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 52.3% 42.8% 9.5% 38,547 25.3% 24.3% 15.9% 55.9% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 3.7% 63.1% 12.7% 10.6 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 11.8% 61% 15.3% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 2,213 100.0% 2.5% 75.3% 37.5% 46.2% 66.5% 49.4% 18.5% 6.8% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Las Animas COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Las Animas 129 COUNTY DATA County Data 130 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Lincoln COLORADO 5,420 1,044 19.3% 303 742 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 28.1% 19.3% 21.7 8.8% 14.4 9 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 43.5% 31.4% 12.1% 41,510 24.5% 24.9% 1.3% 50.2% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 10.5% 81.0% 8.0% 4.8 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 10.0% 54% 11.2% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 692 29.2% 3.0% 74.6% 14.9% 58.5% 76.6% 58.3% 23.3% 16.0% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Lincoln COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 21,858 4,207 19.2% 1,125 3,082 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 33.1% 13.3% 39.4 5.4% 17.0 24 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 43.0% 31.6% 11.4% 43,561 19.0% 18.0% 6.4% 54.8% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 6.2% 79.7% 18.1% 21.2 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 11.9% 43% 11.2% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 2,962 61.1% 4.1% 87.4% 27.8% 56.3% 69.4% 53.0% 30.8% 11.3% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Logan COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Logan 131 COUNTY DATA County Data 132 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Mesa COLORADO 147,811 34,050 23.0% 9,431 24,619 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 30.5% 15.6% 36.8 5.6% 12.7 389 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 42.4% 35.4% 6.9% 48,108 19.3% 19.3% 5.8% 36.0% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 8.2% 81.6% 16.1% 15.3 2.8 11.2 LNE LNE LNE 10.4% 45% 14.7% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 22,352 49.3% 5.2% 74.5% 35.6% 53.3% 68.9% 49.8% 29.7% 11.1% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Mesa COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 721 101 14.0% 31 71 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 60.0% LNE LNE LNE 0.0 1 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 59.7% 35.1% 24.7% 50,286 14.0% 14.8% 1.0% 6.5% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% LNE 60.0% LNE 63.1 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 79% 15.3% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 77 100.0% 0.0% 100.0% LNE 66.7% 85.4% 66.7% 37.5% 5.9% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Mineral COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Mineral 133 COUNTY DATA County Data 134 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Moffat COLORADO 13,090 3,528 27.0% 899 2,629 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 30.4% 21.0% 35.8 6.3% 7.3 16 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 43.6% 35.4% 8.2% 58,890 16.4% 14.5% 3.2% 39.6% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 7.7% 84.9% 17.3% 11.4 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 10.9% 42% 18.0% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 2,175 100.0% 10.4% 84.6% 38.6% 42.5% 60.1% 35.8% 30.1% 4.1% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Moffat COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 25,650 5,847 22.8% 1,538 4,309 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 35.1% 21.8% 45.2 10.4% 8.1 23 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 57.3% 48.1% 9.2% 43,655 30.2% 27.4% 3.4% 46.4% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 9.7% 78.2% 15.5% 11.8 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 15.5% 55% 19.9% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 4,038 58.5% 6.1% 63.2% 52.8% 42.2% 57.7% 38.9% 20.5% 5.7% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Montezuma COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Montezuma 135 COUNTY DATA County Data 136 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Montrose COLORADO 40,754 9,640 23.7% 2,318 7,321 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 24.7% 19.2% 28.8 4.2% 9.8 307 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 50.8% 42.9% 7.9% 43,946 23.3% 21.7% 5.2% 63.4% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 5.3% 77.5% 12.6% 14.7 LNE 40.7 LNE LNE LNE 16.6% 49% 16.7% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 6,361 78.5% 15.8% 75.6% 35.0% 50.7% 65.1% 48.2% 21.8% 9.2% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Montrose COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 28,311 7,753 27.4% 2,218 5,535 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 17.1% 29.4% 30.6 3.2% 15.7 410 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 60.0% 47.4% 12.6% 46,332 20.4% 19.3% 4.6% 55.6% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 5.1% 76.1% 9.1% 19.1 7.3 LNE 208.6 LNE LNE 10.8% 48% 11.2% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 5,537 95.8% 22.4% 77.8% 38.0% 43.7% 64.2% 48.6% 21.4% 11.9% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Morgan COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Morgan 137 COUNTY DATA County Data 138 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Otero COLORADO 18,549 4,421 23.8% 1,152 3,269 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 50.5% 21.5% 70.0 15.4% 12.2 3 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 68.7% 57.8% 11.0% 36,811 35.1% 34.3% 7.6% 77.9% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 7.2% 62.6% 11.5% 8.7 14.4 LNE LNE LNE LNE 11.2% 66% 15.3% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 3,247 100.0% 3.4% 82.8% 47.7% 44.3% 62.2% 44.8% 21.6% 8.1% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Otero COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 4,529 782 17.3% 174 608 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 LNE 8.3% 23.8 LNE 0.0 6 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 33.5% 21.0% 12.4% 58,137 16.6% 14.7% 2.6% 26.4% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 13.5% 78.4% LNE 1.2 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 19.5% 38% 16.7% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 547 85.7% 4.4% 85.4% 23.3% 69.9% 85.9% 70.6% 49.3% 30.0% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Ouray COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Ouray 139 COUNTY DATA County Data 140 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Park COLORADO 16,192 2,895 17.9% 631 2,263 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 21.9% 3.9% LNE 2.9% 4.6 11 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 37.0% 29.1% 7.9% 57,510 15.9% 13.9% 2.8% 23.3% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 12.4% 81.0% 7.8% 8.9 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 10.6% 32% 12.5% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 1,668 83.8% 1.0% 87.0% 21.3% 65.3% 79.1% 62.9% 41.8% 16.2% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Park COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 4,346 1,049 24.1% 249 800 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 21.7% 15.2% 26.9 6.5% 14.1 13 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 41.5% 34.0% 7.5% 46,805 17.3% 16.4% 4.5% 66.7% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 8.7% 71.1% 6.5% 9.5 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 13.1% 48% 11.2% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 923 100.0% 16.7% 86.6% 29.4% 55.1% 68.5% 56.8% 34.9% 13.6% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Phillips COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Phillips 141 COUNTY DATA County Data 142 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Pitkin COLORADO 17,376 2,969 17.1% 738 2,231 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 12.2% 9.9% LNE LNE 1.3 1 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 5.1% 3.2% 1.8% 71,012 8.9% 8.1% 0.4% 7.9% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 8.9% 86.1% LNE 2.5 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 5.4% 15% 14.8% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 1,756 99.2% 10.3% 99.3% 10.0% 72.5% 86.6% 70.2% 43.5% 26.2% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Pitkin COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 12,236 3,251 26.6% 876 2,375 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 38.4% 25.8% 61.1 10.7% 6.9 0 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 62.1% 50.9% 11.2% 38,830 31.0% 29.0% 9.6% 61.3% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 8.8% 62.4% 11.3% 7.3 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 15.0% 62% 15.3% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 2,360 100.0% 9.7% 74.6% 35.4% 49.0% 62.6% 52.3% 22.8% 6.7% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Prowers COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Prowers 143 COUNTY DATA County Data 144 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Pueblo COLORADO 161,258 37,983 23.6% 9,732 28,251 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 44.3% 21.0% 37.5 9.7% 13.6 1,230 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 63.0% 55.0% 7.9% 41,352 27.4% 24.4% 14.1% 58.7% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 8.4% 73.6% 15.7% 5.1 7 16.9 54.2 10.1 36.1 8.7% 57% 6.3% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 27,270 100.0% 5.0% 76.0% 35.8% 46.0% 64.5% 48.0% 25.3% 10.3% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Pueblo COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 6,778 1,662 24.5% 455 1,207 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 25.0% 8.5% 22.9 LNE 9.0 7 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 34.8% 27.9% 6.9% 59,364 11.7% 11.2% 0.5% 26.2% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 6.9% 76.6% 9.7% 24.0 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 8.0% 34% 18.0% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 1,239 0.0% 5.2% 94.1% 30.3% 54.5% 70.2% 51.4% 20.0% 13.3% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Rio Blanco COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Rio Blanco 145 County Data COUNTY DATA Rio Grande COLORADO 146 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS 11,736 2,847 24.3% 735 2,112 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 35.9% 17.9% 46.7 4.9% 5.8 37 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 61.3% 49.9% 11.4% 39,834 28.9% 28.1% 10.1% 57.4% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 13.0% 75.2% 10.2% 9.5 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 16.0% 62% 15.3% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 1,971 100.0% 9.2% 80.7% 36.6% 43.3% 63.2% 47.3% 20.0% 9.0% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Rio Grande COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 23,400 4,747 20.3% 1,156 3,591 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 16.6% 6.3% 8.8 LNE 1.4 16 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 22.0% 16.8% 5.2% 63,763 12.1% 10.9% 1.6% 19.7% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 7.8% 94.1% 4.7% 6.9 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 14.0% 25% 18.0% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 3,273 93.2% 7.5% 90.8% 23.7% 72.4% 82.6% 68.4% 53.5% 22.8% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Routt COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Routt 147 COUNTY DATA County Data 148 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Saguache COLORADO 6,231 1,419 22.8% 387 1,033 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 28.9% 25.4% 25.8 LNE 6.7 186 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 85.5% 78.7% 6.7% 35,310 43.0% 39.3% 8.4% 64.6% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 13.2% 79.4% 7.9% 14.8 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 14.1% 71% 15.3% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 983 100.0% 26.2% 77.8% 27.9% 39.1% 60.7% 41.2% 23.0% 3.3% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Saguache COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 687 124 18.0% 26 97 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 LNE LNE LNE LNE 0.0 6 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 56.5% 46.8% 9.7% 41,683 27.2% 23.5% 6.5% 19.2% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% LNE 75.0% LNE 0.0 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE N/A 19.9% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 62 0.0% 24.2% 80.0% LNE 66.0% 66.0% 51.1% 27.3% LNE 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA San Juan COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS San Juan 149 County Data COUNTY DATA San Miguel COLORADO 142 150 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS 7,658 1,535 20.0% 399 1,136 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 14.5% 9.0% LNE LNE 3.1 1 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 29.9% 22.4% 7.5% 53,674 18.0% 17.0% 1.6% 25.1% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 13.0% 76.5% 4.3% 7.1 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 12.8% 34% 16.7% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 1,185 44.5% 9.4% 93.6% 26.2% 64.9% 78.7% 61.4% 48.9% 22.4% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% San Miguel COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 2,340 452 19.3% 128 324 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 27.6% 24.1% 90.9 10.3% 2.1 0 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 43.2% 25.9% 17.3% 39,980 22.9% 22.8% 7.3% 62.5% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% LNE 75.0% 27.6% 20.6 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 13.1% 60% 11.2% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 900 100.0% 2.3% 22.2% 35.1% 39.3% 69.7% 49.2% 27.5% 9.9% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Sedgwick COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Sedgwick 151 COUNTY DATA County Data 152 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Summit COLORADO 28,637 5,000 17.5% 1,437 3,562 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 17.1% 15.3% 10.3 1.6% 1.6 31 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 34.8% 26.6% 8.2% 63,236 13.1% 11.8% 0.9% 26.5% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 13.9% 84.8% 1.6% 8.9 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 10.8% 31% 14.8% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 3,345 100.0% 26.0% 89.6% 25.0% 68.0% 74.6% 60.9% 40.8% 23.2% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Summit COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 23,278 4,353 18.7% 952 3,401 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 21.6% 6.4% 13.7 2.3% 9.0 54 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 35.9% 28.9% 7.0% 62,725 15.1% 13.5% 7.3% 35.6% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 13.1% 79.1% 14.8% 10.2 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 9.7% 38% 2.8% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 2,879 100.0% 1.9% 73.8% 30.0% 54.6% 72.7% 52.8% 33.7% 13.1% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Teller COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Teller 153 County Data COUNTY DATA Washington COLORADO 154 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS 4,772 1,007 21.1% 234 773 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 25.0% LNE 26.4 LNE 9.1 8 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 48.3% 33.9% 14.5% 45,572 19.9% 17.8% 3.6% 39.3% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 9.1% 72.7% 18.2% 0.0 LNE LNE LNE LNE LNE 13.8% 43% 11.2% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 898 100.0% 5.5% 91.7% 38.2% 51.8% 67.9% 48.6% 32.8% 13.2% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Washington COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable COLORADO 269,643 73,039 27.1% 19,589 53,450 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 23.6% 17.8% 25.6 4.7% 7.3 1,743 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 50.9% 41.5% 9.4% 58,404 16.6% 14.9% 3.8% 27.2% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 7.6% 76.2% 8.6% 9.4 4.9 13.8 41.4 8.6 32.2 9.8% 40% 12.1% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 40,968 59.4% 17.1% 81.4% 36.5% 49.1% 62.7% 47.5% 23.8% 12.0% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% COUNTY DATA Weld COUNTY Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Weld 155 COUNTY DATA County Data 156 Population 2013 Total Population 2013 Child Population (Under 18) 2013 Child Population as a Percentage of Total Population (Under 18) 2013 Young Child Population (Under 5) 2013 School-Aged Population (Ages 5-17) Vulnerable Families 2013 Births to Single Women 2013 Births to Women with Less Than 12 Years Education 2013 Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens 15-19) 2013 Three Risk Factor Births 2013 Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) FY 13-14 Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Ed. Program Family Economics and Supports Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Free Lunch Fall 2014 Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch 2013 Median Household Income 2013 Children (Under 18) in Poverty 2013 School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty 2013 Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments 2013 Children Receiving WIC Program Vouchers Child and Maternal Health 2013 Low Weight Births 2013 Early Prenatal Care 2013 Births to Women Smoking During Pregnancy 2013 Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) 2013 Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Child (Ages 1-14) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) 2013 Teen (Ages 15-19) Injury Deaths (rate per 100,000) FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ FY 13-14 Children (Ages 0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid 2013 Uninsured Children Education Fall 2014 PK-12 Pupil Enrollment Fall 2014 Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program Fall 2014 English Language Learners 2014 High School Graduation Rate 2014 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS 2014 Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS Yuma COLORADO 10,114 2,635 26.1% 738 1,897 5,264,890 1,249,252 23.7% 335,185 914,067 20.3% 17.6% 35.9 4.6% 7.6 72 23.4% 13.5% 22.3 3.9% 7.4 24,062 54.1% 41.6% 12.5% 45,487 18.9% 17.9% 4.0% 53.4% 41.6% 34.3% 7.2% 58,942 16.8% 15.7% 4.5% 34.3% 5.2% 81.6% 11.9% 5.2 LNE 189.9 LNE LNE LNE 11.2% 43% 11.2% 8.8% 80.8% 7.1% 8.1 5.1 17.2 48.4 7.1 37.6 8.8% 38% 9.0% 1,798 100.0% 26.0% 91.2% 37.4% 54.3% 63.4% 49.8% 23.7% 12.3% 889,006 74.1% 14.3% 77.3% 33.0% 56.4% 69.0% 54.4% 33.6% 17.0% Yuma COUNTY 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! LNE = Low Number of Events N/A = Not Applicable County Data Definitions The Colorado Children’s Campaign relies on data from federal, state and local agencies. These sources are the final authority relating to the quality of any data. Please note that all vital statistics are reported by place of residence, not place of birth or death. POPULATION Total Population (number) Population estimates provided by the Colorado State Demography Office, Colorado Department of Local Affairs. Estimates collected on November 14, 2014. Child Population (number) Population estimates by age provided by the Colorado State Demography Office, Colorado Department of Local Affairs. Estimates collected on November 14, 2014. Children as a Percentage of Total Population (percent) Population estimates by age provided by the Colorado State Demography Office, Colorado Department of Local Affairs. Calculations performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign. This statistic shows the proportion of a county’s population that is under 18 years of age. Young Child Population (number) Number of children under 5 years of age provided by the Colorado State Demography Office, Colorado Department of Local Affairs. Estimates collected on November 14, 2014. School-Aged Population (number) Number of children ages 5 through 17 provided by the Colorado State Demography Office, Colorado Department of Local Affairs. Estimates collected on November 14, 2014. VULNERABLE FAMILIES Births to Single Women (percent) Births to unmarried women per 100 live births provided by the Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Low number of events (LNE) indicates fewer than three births to single women in the county. Births to Women with Less than 12 Years Education (percent) Births to women who have less than 12 years of education per 100 live births provided by the Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Low number of events (LNE) indicates fewer than three births to women with less than 12 years of education in the county. Teen Births (rate per 1,000 female teens ages 15-19) Live births to female teens ages 15 through 19 per 1,000 female teens of that age (age-specific fertility rate) provided by the Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Low number of events (LNE) indicates fewer than three teen births in the county. Three Risk Factor Births (percent) Births to unmarried women under 25 years of age with less than 12 years of education per 100 live births provided by the Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Low number of events (LNE) indicates fewer than three births in this category in the county. Out-of-Home Placements (rate per 1,000) Number of children removed from their homes by the Department of Human Services per 1,000 children under age 18 provided by the Child Welfare Services Division, Colorado Department of Human Services. Out-of-home placements include family foster care, specialized group homes, residential child care facilities, independent living situations, foster care with relatives, residential treatment centers, and both emergency and non-emergency placements or shelters. 157 County Data Definitions Students Served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Education Program (percent) Number of PK-12 public school students served by the McKinney-Vento Homeless Education Program during the 2013-2014 school year provided by the Colorado Department of Education, based on Colorado school district submissions. The McKinney-Vento Homeless Education program serves homeless children and youth, defined as “individuals who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence…; and includes (i) children and youths who are sharing the housing of other persons due to loss of housing, economic hardship, or similar reason; are living in motels, hotels, inadequate trailer parks, or camping grounds due to the lack of alternative accommodations; are living in emergency or transitional shelters; are abandoned in hospitals; or are awaiting foster care placement; (ii) children and youths who have a primary nighttime residence that is a public or private place not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings…; (iii) children and youths who are living in cars, parks, public spaces, abandoned buildings, substandard housing, bus or train stations, or similar settings; and (iv) migratory children who qualify as homeless for the purposes of this subtitle because the children are living in circumstances described in clauses (i) through (iii).” Please note this indicator is derived only from school or school district records. This does not represent the total number of homeless children and youth in these communities, which would include both those children who were enrolled during the year and those who were not. Additionally, children and youth in homeless situations are difficult to identify for many reasons. High mobility, fear of stigma, and invisibility of populations not living in shelters or accessing other service agencies are examples of reported identification barriers. While the data are based on continual district efforts to identify students who are homeless, the complexity regarding identification challenges would suggest the actual numbers of students who are homeless in Colorado school districts and counties are most likely higher than those reported. FAMILY ECONOMICS AND SUPPORTS Children Qualifying for Free or Reduced Price Lunch (percent) Percent of children in public school grades PK-12 who qualify for free or reduced-price school lunches. Data provided by the Colorado Department of Education. Public school children qualify for free lunches if their family’s income falls below 130 percent of the federal poverty level (FPL). Public school children qualify for reduced-price lunches if their family’s income is between 130 percent and 185 percent of the FPL. Children Qualifying for Free Lunch (percent) See above. Children Qualifying for Reduced Price Lunch (percent) See above. Median Household Income (dollars) Median household income in 2013, from the U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE). Children (Under 18) in Poverty (percent) Number of children under age 18 living in families with incomes at or below the federal poverty level in 2013 per 100 children, from the U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE). School-Aged Children (Ages 5-17) in Poverty (percent) Number of children ages 5 through 17 living in families with incomes at or below the federal poverty level in 2013 per 100 children, from the U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE). Children Receiving TANF Basic Cash Assistance Payments (percent) Percentage of children receiving Basic Cash Assistance payments as part of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program during the calendar year. Caseload data by individual children provided by the Colorado Department of Human Services. Calculations performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign. 158 County Data Definitions Children Under 5 Receiving WIC Program Vouchers (percent) Percentage of children under 5 (until their fifth birthday) served by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) during the calendar year. Number reflects unduplicated count of children. Data provided by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Calculations performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign. Note: Some local WIC programs provide services to children from other counties. Conejos, Gilpin, Hinsdale, Mineral and San Juan counties did not have a WIC program in 2013 and children in these counties were served by neighboring counties. Children in Conejos, Costilla, Denver, Rio Grande and Weld Counties were served by either WIC or CSFP (Commodities Supplemental Food Program), depending on individual preference. CHILD AND MATERNAL HEALTH Low Weight Births (percent) Babies born weighing 5.5 pounds or less (less than 2500 grams) per 100 live births provided by the Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Low number of events (LNE) indicates fewer than three low weight births in the county. Early Prenatal Care (percent) Births in which prenatal care was initiated in the first trimester of pregnancy per 100 live births with known start of prenatal care provided by the Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Low number of events (LNE) indicates fewer than three births to mothers receiving early prenatal care in the county. Women Smoking During Pregnancy (percent) Births in which women reported smoking during pregnancy on infant’s birth certificate per 100 live births provided by the Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Please note that these data are most likely underreported on birth certificates across the state due to mothers’ knowledge of the risks of smoking during pregnancy. Low number of events (LNE) indicates fewer than three births to women who smoked during pregnancy in the county. Child Abuse and Neglect (rate per 1,000) Incidence of maltreatment of children under 18 (including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse and/or neglect) provided by the Division of Child Welfare Services, Colorado Department of Human Services. The value is the number of unique substantiated cases per 1,000 children. Infant Mortality (rate per 1,000) Deaths in the first year of life per 1,000 live births provided by the Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Low number of events (LNE) indicates fewer than three infant deaths in the county. Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths (rate per 100,000) Deaths per 100,000 children ages 1 through 14 provided by the Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. The data includes death from natural causes (such as illness or congenital defects) and injury (including motor vehicle deaths, homicides and suicides). Low number of events (LNE) indicates fewer than three child deaths in the county. Note: This indicator differs from KIDS COUNT reports prior to 2001 to be more consistent with the Colorado Vital Statistics series of reports. Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths (rate per 100,000) Deaths per 100,000 teens ages 15 through 19 provided by the Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. The data include deaths from natural causes (such as illness or congenital defects) and injury (including motor vehicle deaths, homicides and suicides). Low number of events (LNE) indicates fewer than three teen deaths in the county. Note: This indicator differs from KIDS COUNT reports prior to 2001 to be more consistent with the Colorado Vital Statistics series of reports. Child (Ages 1-14) Deaths Due to Injury (rate per 100,000) Deaths due to intentional and unintentional injuries per 100,000 children ages 1 through 14 provided by the Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. The data include deaths due to homicide, suicide and accidents. Low number of events (LNE) indicates fewer than three child deaths due to injury in the county. 159 County Data Definitions Teen (Ages 15-19) Deaths Due to Injury (rate per 100,000) Deaths due to intentional and unintentional injuries per 100,000 teens ages 15 through 19 provided by the Health Statistics Section, Colorado Department of Health and Environment. The data include deaths due to homicide, suicide and accidents. Low number of events (LNE) indicates fewer than three teen deaths due to injury in the county. Children (0-18) Enrolled in CHP+ (percent) Estimated number of children ages 0 through 18 enrolled in the Child Health Plan Plus (CHP+) during fiscal year 2013-14 per 100 children. Data provided by the Colorado Department of Health Care Policy and Financing. Low number of events (LNE) indicates fewer than 30 clients in the county. Calculations performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign. As of 2014, children ages 0 through 18 whose family’s modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is below 260 percent of FPL but above the Medicaid income eligibility cutoff are eligible for CHP+. Important note: The numbers used to calculate this percentage include a unique count of all clients ages 0 through 18 who were served at any point during FY13-14. The CHP+ numbers reported here do not match official budget numbers. Official budget numbers reflect an average monthly caseload over the course of a year and are lower than the numbers reported here. Children (0-18) Enrolled in Medicaid (percent) Estimated number of children ages 0 through 18 enrolled in Medicaid during fiscal year 2013-14 per 100 children. Data provided by the Colorado Department of Health Care Policy and Financing. Low number of events (LNE) indicates fewer than 30 clients in the county. Calculations performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign. As of 2014, children whose family’s modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) is below 142 percent of the federal poverty level are eligible for Medicaid. Important note: The numbers used to calculate this percentage include a unique count of all clients ages 0 through 18 who were served at any point during FY13-14. The Medicaid numbers reported here do not match official budget numbers. Official budget numbers reflect an average monthly caseload over the course of a year and are lower than the numbers reported here. Uninsured Children (0-18) (percent) Uninsured rates based on Colorado Health Institute (CHI) analyses of data from the 2013 American Community Survey (ACS). A child was counted as uninsured if his or her parent reported that the child did not have any form of health insurance at the time at which the ACS questionnaire was administered. CHI applied a method developed by the University of Missouri to apportion ACS geographic strata to Colorado counties in order to yield county-level estimates. Due to several counties being part of the same ACS stratum, uninsured rates will be similar for several rural counties. 160 County Data Definitions EDUCATION PK-12 Pupil Enrollment (number) Number of children enrolled in public schools in the fall of 2014 provided by the Colorado Department of Education. Kindergarteners in a Full-Day Program (percent) Number of kindergartners enrolled in a full-day kindergarten program in the fall of 2014 divided by the number of students enrolled in all public kindergarten programs, provided by the Colorado Department of Education. Calculations performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign. English Language Learners (percent) Number of students classified as English Language Learners in the fall of 2014 divided by total enrollment provided by the Colorado Department of Education. Calculations performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign. High School Graduation Rate (percent) Percentage of students who graduated from high school in 2014, four years after entering ninth grade. Data provided by the Colorado Department of Education. Calculations performed by the Colorado Children’s Campaign. 4th Grade Students NOT Proficient in Reading (percent) Percentage of 4th grade students who were not proficient in reading on the 2014 Transitional Colorado Assessment Program (TCAP) provided by the Colorado Department of Education (CDE). CDE does not report TCAP data if the number of students taking the test is small; low number of events (LNE) indicates data that has been suppressed for this reason. County data are based on scores from the districts that comprise each county. Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Math TCAP (percent) The percentage of all students scoring proficient or advanced on the 2014 Transitional Colorado Assessment Program (TCAP) in math provided by the Colorado Department of Education (CDE). CDE does not report TCAP data if the number of students taking the test is small; low number of events (LNE) indicates data that has been suppressed for this reason. County data are based on scores from the districts that comprise each county. Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Reading TCAP (percent) The percentage of all students scoring proficient or advanced on the 2014 Transitional Colorado Assessment Program (TCAP) in reading provided by the Colorado Department of Education (CDE). CDE does not report TCAP data if the number of students taking the test is small; low number of events (LNE) indicates data that has been suppressed for this reason. County data are based on scores from the districts that comprise each county. Students Scoring Proficient or Above on the Writing TCAP (percent) The percentage of all students scoring proficient or advanced on the 2013 Transitional Colorado Assessment Program (TCAP) in writing provided by the Colorado Department of Education (CDE). CDE does not report TCAP data if the number of students taking the test is small; low number of events (LNE) indicates data that has been suppressed for this reason. County data are based on scores from the districts that comprise each county. Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Science CMAS (percent) The percentage of all students scoring strong or distinguished on the science section of the 2014 Colorado Measures of Academic Success (CMAS) assessment provided by the Colorado Department of Education (CDE). CDE does not report CMAS data if the number of students taking the test is small; low number of events (LNE) indicates data that has been suppressed for this reason. County data are based on scores from the districts that comprise each county. Students Scoring Strong or Distinguished on the Social Studies CMAS (percent) The percentage of all students scoring strong or distinguished on the social studies section of the 2014 Colorado Measures of Academic Success (CMAS) assessment provided by the Colorado Department of Education (CDE). CDE does not report CMAS data if the number of students taking the test is small; low number of events (LNE) indicates data that has been suppressed for this reason. County data are based on scores from the districts that comprise each county. 161 Acknowledgments The Colorado Children’s Campaign thanks the following people and organizations that helped provide data and expertise for this 2015 KIDS COUNT in Colorado! report, and that dedicate themselves to the well-being of Colorado’s children every day. We sincerely thank you for your generous contribution of time, data and advice. Special thanks to Lisa Piscopo, Ph.D., for her work on the Colorado Child Well-Being Index. Amy Anderson, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Kirk A. Bol, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Stacy Buchanan, Qualistar Colorado Candace Cadena, Colorado Department of Human Services Dennis Campa, Annie E. Casey Foundation Linda Carlisle, Colorado Department of Human Services Carole Custer, It’s About Kids Leader and Family and Child Advocate Jean D’Amico, Population Reference Bureau Cindy DeGroen, Colorado State Demography Office Jessy Donaldson, Annie E. Casey Foundation Lori Duffy, Colorado Department of Human Services Courtney Holt-Rogers, It’s About Kids Leader and Child Welfare Manager, Prowers County Department of Social Services Lynn Ireland, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Jann Jackson, Annie E. Casey Foundation Dan Jorgensen, Colorado Department of Education Katy Lois, It’s About Kids Leader and Health Integration Coordinator, Grand Beginnings Bill Madura, Colorado Department of Human Services Beth Martin, Colorado Department of Health Care Policy and Financing Annie Matula, Colorado Department of Education Vangi McCoy, It’s About Kids Leader and Coordinator, Montelores Early Childhood Council Nick Ortiz, Colorado Department of Education Michelle Pemberton, It’s About Kids Leader and Health Promotion and Wellness Manager, Northeast Colorado Health Department Julie Pfankuch, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Shelly Reed, Governor’s Office of Information Technology Brett Reeder, Colorado Department of Human Services Dana Scott, Colorado Department of Education Annette Severson, Colorado Department of Education Laura Speer, Annie E. Casey Foundation Dennis St. Hilaire, Colorado Department of Education Rickey Tolliver, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Natalie Triedman, Colorado Health Institute Sarah Underwood, Colorado Department of Education Whitney Westgaard, Colorado Department of Education Lena Wilson, Colorado Department of Human Services Sherri Yahn, It’s About Kids Leader and Prevention Services Manager, Northeast Colorado Health Department 162 Board of Directors Remy Spreeuw, Board Chair Publisher 5280 Magazine Denver, CO Mike Ferrufino Vice President KBNO Radio Denver, CO Zachary Neumeyer Chairman Sage Hospitality Denver, CO Lance Bolton Ph.D., Past Board Chair President Pikes Peak Community College Colorado Springs, CO Verónica Figoli Chief Officer, Family and Community Engagement Denver Public Schools Denver, CO Nancy Spence Former State Senator Centennial, CO Kraig Burleson, Board Vice Chair Chief Executive Officer Inner City Health Center Denver, CO Mark Fuller Chief Financial Officer MB2 Dental Solutions Denver, CO Eric Duran, Board Treasurer Senior Vice President, Public Finance Investment Banking D.A. Davidson & Co Denver, CO Curtis Garcia Principal Centennial School District R-1 San Luis, CO Bernie Buescher, Board Secretary Grand Junction, CO/Denver, CO Darryl Hair Chief Operating Officer Sherman & Howard, LLC Denver, CO Dr. Steve Federico Director of General Pediatrics, School & Community Programs Denver Health Denver, CO Andrea Stevens Community Leader Circle of Friends President Denver, CO Chris Watney Ex Officio President & CEO Colorado Children’s Campaign Joy Johnson Community Leader Denver, CO Staff Chris Watney President & CEO Kathy DeWald Executive Assistant & HR Manager Joellen Kralik MSW Intern Kristy Adams Director of Advancement Shelby Edwards Senior Education Fellow Tara Manthey Communications Director Sarah Barnes Policy Analyst Joy Fitzgerald Grants and Evaluation Manager Lily McKoy Research Analyst Cody Belzley Vice President, Health and Strategic Initiatives Lily Gil Communications and Policy Fellow Jacy Montoya Price Community Groups Coordinator Candi CdeBaca Government Affairs Director Liz Houston It’s About Kids Network Manager Rob Sherow Design Coordinator Charlie Cherrington Finance Director Sarah Hughes Research Director Leslie Colwell Vice President, Education Initiatives Bill Jaeger Vice President, Early Childhood Initiatives 1580 Lincoln Street, Suite 420 • Denver, CO 80203 Phone: 303.839.1580 • Fax: 303.839.1354 Copyright © 2015 by Colorado Children’s Campaign. All rights reserved.