CORPORATIONS CODE
SECTION 5210-5215
5210. Each corporation shall have a board of directors. Subject to
the provisions of this part and any limitations in the articles or
bylaws relating to action required to be approved by the members
(Section 5034), or by a majority of all members (Section 5033), the
activities and affairs of a corporation shall be conducted and all
corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the direction of the
board. The board may delegate the management of the activities of the
corporation to any person or persons, management company, or
committee however composed, provided that the activities and affairs
of the corporation shall be managed and all corporate powers shall be
exercised under the ultimate direction of the board.

5211. (a) Unless otherwise provided in the articles or in the
bylaws, all of the following apply:
(1) Meetings of the board may be called by the chair of the board
or the president or any vice president or the secretary or any two
directors.
(2) Regular meetings of the board may be held without notice if
the time and place of the meetings are fixed by the bylaws or the
board. Special meetings of the board shall be held upon four days'
notice by first-class mail or 48 hours' notice delivered personally
or by telephone, including a voice messaging system or by electronic
transmission by the corporation (Section 20). The articles or bylaws
may not dispense with notice of a special meeting. A notice, or
waiver of notice, need not specify the purpose of any regular or
special meeting of the board.
(3) Notice of a meeting need not be given to a director who
provides a waiver of notice or consent to holding the meeting or an
approval of the minutes thereof in writing, whether before or after
the meeting, or who attends the meeting without protesting, prior
thereto or at its commencement, the lack of notice to that director.
These waivers, consents and approvals shall be filed with the
corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meetings.
(4) A majority of the directors present, whether or not a quorum
is present, may adjourn any meeting to another time and place. If the
meeting is adjourned for more than 24 hours, notice of an
adjournment to another time or place shall be given prior to the time
of the adjourned meeting to the directors who were not present at
the time of the adjournment.
(5) Meetings of the board may be held at a place within or without
the state that has been designated in the notice of the meeting or,
if not stated in the notice or there is no notice, designated in the
bylaws or by resolution of the board.
(6) Directors may participate in a meeting through use of
conference telephone, electronic video screen communication or
electronic transmission by and to the corporation (Sections 20 and
21). Participation in a meeting through use of conference telephone
or electronic video screen communication pursuant to this subdivision
constitutes presence in person at that meeting as long as all
directors participating in the meeting are able to hear one another.
Participation in a meeting through use of electronic transmission by
and to the corporation, other than conference telephone and
electronic video screen communication, pursuant to this subdivision
constitutes presence in person at that meeting if both of the

 following apply:
(A) Each director participating in the meeting can communicate
with all of the other directors concurrently.
(B) Each director is provided the means of participating in all
matters before the board, including, without limitation, the capacity
to propose, or to interpose an objection to, a specific action to be
taken by the corporation.
(7) A majority of the number of directors authorized in or
pursuant to the articles or bylaws constitutes a quorum of the board
for the transaction of business. The articles or bylaws may require
the presence of one or more specified directors in order to
constitute a quorum of the board to transact business, as long as the
death or nonexistence of a specified director or the death or
nonexistence of the person or persons otherwise authorized to appoint
or designate that director does not prevent the corporation from
transacting business in the normal course of events. The articles or
bylaws may not provide that a quorum shall be less than one-fifth the
number of directors authorized in or pursuant to the articles or
bylaws, or less than two, whichever is larger, unless the number of
directors authorized in or pursuant to the articles or bylaws is one,
in which case one director constitutes a quorum.
(8) Subject to the provisions of Sections 5212, 5233, 5234, 5235,
and subdivision (e) of Section 5238, an act or decision done or made
by a majority of the directors present at a meeting duly held at
which a quorum is present is the act of the board. The articles or
bylaws may not provide that a lesser vote than a majority of the
directors present at a meeting is the act of the board. A meeting at
which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business
notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, if any action taken is
approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for that
meeting, or a greater number required by this division, the articles
or the bylaws.
(b) An action required or permitted to be taken by the board may
be taken without a meeting if all directors individually or
collectively consent in writing to that action and if, subject to
subdivision (a) of Section 5224, the number of directors then in
office constitutes a quorum. The written consent or consents shall be
filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the board. The action
by written consent shall have the same force and effect as a
unanimous vote of the directors. For purposes of this subdivision
only, "all directors" does not include an "interested director" as
defined in subdivision (a) of Section 5233 or a "common director" as
described in subdivision (b) of Section 5234 who abstains in writing
from providing consent, where (1) the facts described in paragraph
(2) or (3) of subdivision (d) of Section 5233 are established or the
provisions of paragraph (1) or (2) of subdivision (a) of Section 5234
are satisfied, as appropriate, at or prior to execution of the
written consent or consents; (2) the establishment of those facts or
satisfaction of those provisions, as applicable, is included in the
written consent or consents executed by the noninterested or
noncommon directors or in other records of the corporation; and (3)
the noninterested or noncommon directors, as applicable, approve the
action by a vote that is sufficient without counting the votes of the
interested directors or common directors.
(c) Each director shall have one vote on each matter presented to
the board of directors for action. No director may vote by proxy.
(d) The provisions of this section apply also to incorporators, to
committees of the board, and to action by those incorporators or
committees mutatis mutandis.
5212. (a) The board may, by resolution adopted by a majority of the
number of directors then in office, provided that a quorum is
present, create one or more committees, each consisting of two or

 more directors, to serve at the pleasure of the board. Appointments
to such committees shall be by a majority vote of the directors then
in office, unless the articles or bylaws require a majority vote of
the number of directors authorized in or pursuant to the articles or
bylaws. The bylaws may authorize one or more such committees, each
consisting of two or more directors, and may provide that a specified
officer or officers who are also directors of the corporation shall
be a member or members of such committee or committees. The board may
appoint one or more directors as alternate members of such
committee, who may replace any absent member at any meeting of the
committee. Such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution
of the board or in the bylaws, shall have all the authority of the
board, except with respect to:
(1) The approval of any action for which this part also requires
approval of the members (Section 5034) or approval of a majority of
all members (Section 5033), regardless of whether the corporation has
members.
(2) The filling of vacancies on the board or in any committee
which has the authority of the board.
(3) The fixing of compensation of the directors for serving on the
board or on any committee.
(4) The amendment or repeal of bylaws or the adoption of new
bylaws.
(5) The amendment or repeal of any resolution of the board which
by its express terms is not so amendable or repealable.
(6) The appointment of committees of the board or the members
thereof.
(7) The expenditure of corporate funds to support a nominee for
director after there are more people nominated for director than can
be elected.
(8) The approval of any self-dealing transaction except as
provided in paragraph (3) of subdivision (d) of Section 5233.
(b) A committee exercising the authority of the board shall not
include as members persons who are not directors. However, the board
may create other committees that do not exercise the authority of the
board and these other committees may include persons regardless of
whether they are directors.
(c) Unless the bylaws otherwise provide, the board may delegate to
any committee powers as authorized by Section 5210, but may not
delegate the powers set forth in paragraphs (1) to (8), inclusive, of
subdivision (a).
(d) If required by subdivision (e) of Section 12586 of the
Government Code, the board shall appoint an audit committee in
accordance with that subdivision and for the purposes set forth
therein.
5213. (a) A corporation shall have a chair of the board, who may be
given the title chair of the board, chairperson of the board,
chairman of the board, or chairwoman of the board, or a president or
both, a secretary, a treasurer or a chief financial officer or both,
and any other officers with any titles and duties as shall be stated
in the bylaws or determined by the board and as may be necessary to
enable it to sign instruments. The president, or if there is no
president the chair of the board, is the general manager and chief
executive officer of the corporation, unless otherwise provided in
the articles or bylaws. Unless otherwise specified in the articles or
the bylaws, if there is no chief financial officer, the treasurer is
the chief financial officer of the corporation. Any number of
offices may be held by the same person unless the articles or bylaws
provide otherwise, except that no person serving as the secretary,
the treasurer, or the chief financial officer may serve concurrently
as the president or chair of the board. Any compensation of the
president or chief executive officer and the chief financial officer

 or treasurer shall be determined in accordance with subdivision (g)
of Section 12586 of the Government Code, if applicable.
(b) Except as otherwise provided by the articles or bylaws,
officers shall be chosen by the board and serve at the pleasure of
the board, subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any
contract of employment. Any officer may resign at any time upon
written notice to the corporation without prejudice to the rights, if
any, of the corporation under any contract to which the officer is a
party.
(c) If the articles or bylaws provide for the election of any
officers by the members, the term of office of the elected officer
shall be one year unless the articles or bylaws provide for a
different term which shall not exceed three years.

5214. Subject to the provisions of subdivision (a) of Section 5141
and Section 5142, any note, mortgage, evidence of indebtedness,
contract, conveyance or other instrument in writing, and any
assignment or endorsement thereof, executed or entered into between
any corporation and any other person, when signed by any one of the
chairman of the board, the president or any vice president and by any
one of the secretary, any assistant secretary, the chief financial
officer or any assistant treasurer of such corporation, is not
invalidated as to the corporation by any lack of authority of the
signing officers in the absence of actual knowledge on the part of
the other person that the signing officers had no authority to
execute the same.

5215. The original or a copy in writing or in any other form
capable of being converted into clearly legible tangible form of the
bylaws or of the minutes of any incorporators', members', directors',
committee or other meeting or of any resolution adopted by the board
or a committee thereof, or members, certified to be a true copy by a
person purporting to be the secretary or an assistant secretary of
the corporation, is prima facie evidence of the adoption of such
bylaws or resolution or of the due holding of such meeting and of the
matters stated therein.