U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice National Institute of Justice Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program Color Test Reagents/Kits for Preliminary Identification of Drugs of Abuse NIJ Standard–0604.01 ABOUT THE LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CORRECTIONS STANDARDS AND TESTING PROGRAM The Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program is sponsored by the Office of Science and Technology of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), U.S. Department of Justice. The program responds to the mandate of the Justice System Improvement Act of 1979, which directed NIJ to encourage research and development to improve the criminal justice system and to disseminate the results to Federal, State, and local agencies. The Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program is an applied research effort that determines the technological needs of justice system agencies, sets minimum performance standards for specific devices, tests commercially available equipment against those standards, and disseminates the standards and the test results to criminal justice agencies nationally and internationally. The program operates through: The Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Advisory Council (LECTAC), consisting of nationally recognized criminal justice practitioners from Federal, State, and local agencies, which assesses technological needs and sets priorities for research programs and items to be evaluated and tested. The Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which develops voluntary national performance standards for compliance testing to ensure that individual items of equipment are suitable for use by criminal justice agencies. The standards are based upon laboratory testing and evaluation of representative samples of each item of equipment to determine the key attributes, develop test methods, and establish minimum performance requirements for each essential attribute. In addition to the highly technical standards, OLES also produces technical reports and user guidelines that explain in nontechnical terms the capabilities of available equipment. The National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center (NLECTC), operated by a grantee, which supervises a national compliance testing program conducted by independent laboratories. The standards developed by OLES serve as performance benchmarks against which commercial equipment is measured. The facilities, personnel, and testing capabilities of the independent laboratories are evaluated by OLES prior to testing each item of equipment, and OLES helps the NLECTC staff review and analyze data. Test results are published in Equipment Performance Reports designed to help justice system procurement officials make informed purchasing decisions. Publications are available at no charge through the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center. Some documents are also available online through the Internet/World Wide Web. To request a document or additional information, call 800–248–2742 or 301–519–5060, or write: National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center P.O. Box 1160 Rockville, MD 20849–1160 E-Mail: asknlectc@nlectc.org World Wide Web address: http://www.nlectc.org The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Office for Victims of Crime. U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice Color Test Reagents/Kits for Preliminary Identification of Drugs of Abuse NIJ Standard? 0604.01 Supersedes NILECJ–STD–0604.01, Chemical Spot Test Kits for Preliminary Identification of Drugs of Abuse, dated December 1978, and NIJ Standard–0605.00, Color Test Reagents/Kits for Preliminary Identification of Drugs of Abuse, dated July 1981 Coordination by: National Institute of Standards and Technology Office of Law Enforcement Standards Gaithersburg, MD 20899–8102 Prepared for: National Institute of Justice Office of Science and Technology Washington, DC 20531 July 2000 NCJ 183258 National Institute of Justice Julie E. Samuels Acting Director The technical effort to develop this report was conducted under Interagency Agreement 94–IJ–R–004, Project No. 97–028–CTT. This standard was formulated by the Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under the direction of Alim A. Fatah, Program Manager for Chemical Systems and Materials, and Kathleen M. Higgins, Director of OLES. Revision of this standard was performed at the University of Utah, Center for Human Toxicology (CHT) by Dennis J. Crouch, Interim Director of CHT. The work resulting from this report was sponsored by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), David G. Boyd, Director, Office of Science and Technology. FOREWORD This document, NIJ Standard? 0604.01, Color Test Reagents/Kits for Preliminary Identification of Drugs of Abuse, is an equipment standard developed by the Office of Law Enforcement Standards of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. It was produced as part of the Law Enforcement and Corrections Standards and Testing Program of the National Institute of Justice. A brief description of the program appears on the inside front cover. This standard is a technical document that specifies performance and other requirements equipment should meet to satisfy the needs of criminal justice agencies for high-quality service. Purchasers can use the test methods described in this standard to determine whether a particular piece of equipment meets the essential requirements, or they may have the tests conducted on their behalf by a qualified testing laboratory. Procurement officials may also refer to this standard in their purchasing documents and require that equipment offered for purchase meet the requirements. Compliance with the requirements of the standard may be attested to by an independent laboratory or guaranteed by the vendor. Because this NIJ standard is designed as a procurement aid, it is necessarily highly technical. For those who seek general guidance concerning the selection and application of law enforcement equipment, user guides have also been published. The guides explain in nontechnical language how to select equipment capable of the performance required by an agency. NIJ standards are subjected to continuing review. Technical comments and recommended revisions are welcome. Please send suggestions to the Director, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20531. Before citing this or any other NIJ standard in a contract document, users should verify that the most recent edition of the standard is used. Write to: Director, Office of Law Enforcement Standards, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899–8102. David G. Boyd, Director Office of Science and Technology National Institute of Justice iii CONTENTS FOREWORD.......................................................................................................................... iii COMMONLY USED SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................. vi 1. PURPOSE .......................................................................................................................... 1 2. SCOPE ............................................................................................................................... 1 3. DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................... 1 3.1 Munsell Color Charts ................................................................................................... 1 3.2 Centroid Color Charts .................................................................................................. 2 3.3 Final Color ................................................................................................................... 2 4. REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................................................. 2 4.1 User Information .......................................................................................................... 2 4.2 Labeling ....................................................................................................................... 7 4.3 Workmanship............................................................................................................... 7 4.4 Safe-Disposal Materials................................................................................................ 7 4.5 Color Samples.............................................................................................................. 7 4.6 Test Color and Sensitivity ............................................................................................ 8 4.7 Drug Detection Limit .................................................................................................. 8 4.8 Specificity ................................................................................................................... 8 5. TEST METHODS............................................................................................................... 8 5.1 General Test Conditions ............................................................................................... 8 5.2 Test Color .................................................................................................................... 8 5.3 Drug Detection Limit Determination ............................................................................ 9 5.4 Specificity Test ............................................................................................................ 9 APPENDIX A–REAGENTS ................................................................................................. 12 APPENDIX B–SAFETY PRECAUTIONS............................................................................ 14 APPENDIX C–STORAGE PRECAUTIONS......................................................................... 18 TABLES Table 1. Final colors produced by reagents A.l through A.2 with various drugs and other substances......................................................................................................... 3 Table 2. Drug detection limits ............................................................................................... 10 Table 3. Specificity of color tests .......................................................................................... 11 v COMMONLY USED SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS A ac AM cd cm CP c/s d dB dc °C °F dia emf eq F fc fig. FM ft ft/s g g gr ampere alternating current amplitude modulation candela centimeter chemically pure cycle per second day decibel direct current degree Celsius degree Fahrenheit diameter electromotive force equation farad footcandle figure frequency modulation foot foot per second acceleration gram grain H h hf Hz i.d. in IR J L L lb lbf lbf⋅in lm ln log M m min mm mph m/s N N⋅m henry hour high frequency hertz inside diameter inch infrared joule lambert liter pound pound-force pound-force inch lumen logarithm (base e) logarithm (base 10) molar meter minute millimeter miles per hour meter per second newton newton meter nm No. o.d. Ω p. Pa pe pp. ppm qt rad rf rh s SD sec. SWR uhf UV V vhf W λ wt area=unit2 (e.g., ft2, in2, etc.); volume=unit3 (e.g., ft3, m3, etc.) PREFIXES d c m µ n p deci (10-1) centi (10-2) milli (10-3) micro (10-6) nano (10-9) pico (10-12) da h k M G T deka (10) hecto (102) kilo (103) mega (106) giga (109) tera (1012) COMMON CONVERSIONS (See ASTM E380) 0.30480 m =1ft 2.54 cm = 1 in 0.4535924 kg = 1 lb 0.06479891g = 1gr 0.9463529 L = 1 qt 3600000 J = 1 kW⋅hr 4.448222 N = lbf 1.355818 J =1 ft lbf 0.1129848 N m = lbf in 14.59390 N/m =1 lbf/ft 6894.757 Pa = 1 lbf/in2 1.609344 km/h = mph Temperature: T?C = (T?F-32)×5/9 Temperature: T?F = (T?C×9/5)+32 vi nanometer number outside diameter ohm page pascal probable error pages parts per million quart radian radio frequency relative humidity second standard deviation section standing wave ratio ultrahigh frequency ultraviolet volt very high frequency watt wavelength weight NIJ Standard–0604.01 NIJ STANDARD FOR COLOR TEST REAGENTS/KITS FOR PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF DRUGS OF ABUSE 1. PURPOSE The purpose of this standard is to establish minimum requirements for color test reagent/kits to detect drugs of abuse and methods of testing the reagents to determine compliance with those requirements. 2. SCOPE This standard applies to field-testing kits that consist of color test reagents for the preliminary identification of drugs of abuse (hereinafter referred to simply as drugs) in their pure and/or diluted forms. It does not apply to kits that use thin layer chromatography as the identification procedure nor to kits that identify drugs in body fluids. This standard supersedes NILECJ–STD–0604.00, “Chemical Spot Test Kits for Preliminary Identification of Drugs of Abuse,” December 1978, and NIJ Standard–0605.00, “Color Test Reagents/Kits for Preliminary Identification of Drugs of Abuse,” July 1981. The standard is concerned with single reagents (or reagent combinations) used to give a preliminary identi-fication of a suspected drug or class of drugs in their pure and/or diluted forms. Note that this standard does not mandate the identities of the reagents to be included in a test kit. Since they are among the reagents currently in most common use, the 12 reagents listed in appendix A and their color reactions listed in table 1 are included for informational purposes only. A kit may contain any reagent or group of reagents that meet(s) the requirements of this standard. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Munsell Color Charts The Munsell Book of Color (Volumes 1 and 2) is a master atlas of color. Munsell color standards are made by applying a stable coating to a paper or polymer substrate using the most 1 stable colorants available. The colors are made according to the specifications contained in the final report of the subcommittee of the Optical Society of America on the spacing of Munsell colors, J. Opt. Soc. Am., 33, 385–418 (1943). Samples of each production lot are measured by spectrophotometry and are visually inspected at the time of production. The collection displays nearly 1 600 color chips, arranged according to the Munsell color-order system. Each page presents one hue, and there are 40 pages, each 2.5 hue steps apart. On each page, the chips are arranged by Munsell value and chroma. The standard way to describe a color using Munsell notations is to write the numeric designation for the Munsell hue (H) and the numeric designation for value (V) and chroma (C) in the form of H V/C. 3.2 Centroid Color Charts The Centroid Color Charts are a collection of charts, published by the Inter-Society Color Council (ISCC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), formally, the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), that logically group and illustrate colors. There is a chart for each color hue. On each chart, color saturation increases from left to right and color lightness increases from bottom to top. The charts are identified as NBS Standard Reference Material 2106. These charts are no longer available for purchase and have been replaced by the Munsell Color Charts. The numbers and color descriptions listed in table 1 of NILECJ–STD–0604.00 and NIJ Standard–0605.00 were taken from this chart. The NBS numbers are obsolete and are no longer considered to be the international standard for color. Therefore, these numbers are listed for historical purposes only. 3.3 Final Color The final color was defined as the color (generally formed within 1 min or 2 min) that remained after any intermediate colors, produced by the addition of a reagent to a drug or other substance, have disappeared. 4. REQUIREMENTS 4.1 User Information The kit shall include the following information. 4.1.1 Drugs Detected A list of the drugs for which each reagent in the kit can be used to make a tentative identification. 4.1.2 Instructions Clear instructions for performing the chemical test and for interpreting the results, including the time for the final color to appear. 2 Table 1. Final colors produced by reagents A.l through A.12 with various drugs and other substances Analyte Solvent ISCCColor Munsell NIST** A.1 A.1 A.1 A.1 A.1 A.1 A.1 A.1 A.1 A.1 A.1 A.1 A.1 A.1 A.1 A.1 A.1 Benzphetamine HCl Brompheniramine Maleate Chlordiazepoxide HCl Chlorpromazine HCl Cocaine HCl Diacetylmorphine HCl Doxepin HCl Ephedrine HCl Hydrocodone tartrate Meperidine HCl Methadone HCl* Methylphenidate HCl Phencyclidine HCl Procaine HCl* Propoxyphene HCl* Pseudoephedrine HCl Quinine HCl CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 168 168 168 168 169 169 168 169 168 169 168 168 169 169 169 169 178 Brilliant greenish blue Brilliant greenish blue Brilliant greenish blue Brilliant greenish blue Strong greenish blue Strong greenish blue Brilliant greenish blue Strong greenish blue Brilliant greenish blue Strong greenish blue Brilliant greenish blue Brilliant greenish blue Strong greenish blue Strong greenish blue Strong greenish blue Strong greenish blue Strong blue 5B 7/8 5B 6/10 2.5B 6/8 5B 6/10 5B 5/10 7.5B 6/10 5B 6/10 5B 5/10 5B 6/8 5B 5/10 5B 6/10 10BG 6/8 5B 5/10 5B 5/10 5B 5/10 5B 5/10 2.5PB 5/12 A.2 A.2 A.2 A.2 Amobarbital Pentobarbital* Phenobarbital* Secobarbital* CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 222 222 222 222 Light purple Light purple Light purple Light purple 5P 7/8 5P 7/8 5P 7/8 5P 7/8 A.3 Mace5 crystals A.3 Nutmeg extract A.3 A.3 Tea THC* extract EtOH 2371 2372 2213 2441 2442 2613 1194 2041 1992 2193 Strong reddish purple Strong reddish purple Very light purple Pale reddish purple Pale reddish purple Light gray purplish red Light yellow green Gray purplish blue Light purplish blue Deep purple 2.5RP 5/12 2.5RP 5/12 5P 8/4 10P 6/4 10P 6/4 5RP 7/4 5GY 8/6 7.5PB 4/4 7.5PB 7/8 7.5P 4/12 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 Acetaminophen Aspirin Benzphetamine HCl* Brompheniramine Maleate Chlorpromazine HCl Cocaine HCl* Codeine* Contac d-Amphetamine HCl* d-Methamphetamine HCl* Diacetylmorphine HCl* CHCl3 powder CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 powder CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 107 127 116 50 108 69 108 84 164 137 43 Moderate olive Grayish olive green Brilliant yellow green Strong orange Dark olive Deep orange yellow Dark olive Strong yellow Moderate bluish green Dark yellowish green Moderate reddish brown 10Y 5/8 2.5GY 4/2 2.5GY 8/10 7.5YR 7/14 10Y 3/4 10YR 7/14 10Y 3/4 2.5Y 6/10 5BG 5/6 10GY 4/6 10R 3/6 3 Table 1. Final colors produced by reagents A.l through A.12 with various drugs and other substances-Continued Analyte Solvent ISCCColor Munsell NIST** A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 Dimethoxy-meth HCl Doxepin HCl Dristan Exedrine Mace5 MDA HCl Mescaline HCl* Methadone HCl Methaqualone Methylphenidate HCl Morphine monohydrate* CHCl3 CHCl3 powder powder crystals CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 96 44 110 108 125 193 78 187 66 67 47 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 Opium* Oxycodone HCl Procaine HCl Propoxyphene HCl Quinine HCl Salt CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 crystals 59 103 51 44 100 50 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 Aspirin Benzphetamine HCl* Chlorpromazine HCl Codeine* d-Amphetamine HCl* powder CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 A.5 d-Methamphetamine HCl* CHCl3 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 Diacetylmorphine HCl* Dimethoxy-meth HCl Doxepin HCl Dristan Exedrine LSD Mace5 MDA HCl* Meperidine HCl Mescaline HCl* Methadone HCl Methylphenidate HCl Morphine monohydrate* Opium* CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 powder powder CHCl3 crystals CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 Powder 13 41 256 225 35 to 44 36 to 44 256 107 21 20 16 114 87 267 56 50 28 71 239 47 A.5 A.5 A.5 Oxycodone HCl* Propoxyphene HCl Sugar CHCl3 CHCl3 crystals 214 230 59 4 Dark olive brown Dark reddish brown Grayish olive Dark olive Moderate olive green Bluish black Dark yellowish brown Dark grayish blue Very orange yellow Brilliant orange yellow Dark grayish reddish Brown Dark brown Dark greenish yellow Deep orange Dark reddish brown Deep greenish yellow Strong orange 5Y 2/2 10R 2/4 7.5Y 4/4 7.5Y 3/4 5GY 4/8 10B 2/2 10YR 3/4 5B 3/2 10YR 8/14 2.5Y 8/10 10R 3/2 Deep red Deep reddish brown Deep purplish red Very dark purple Strong reddish orange Dark reddish brown Deep reddish orange Dark reddish brown Deep purplish red Moderate olive Blackish red Dark grayish red Dark red Olive black Moderate yellow Black Deep brown Strong orange Light yellowish pink Moderate orange yellow Very deep reddish purple Dark grayish reddish Brown Pale violet Blackish purple Dark brown 5R 3/10 7.5R 2/6 2.5RP 3/8 7.5P 2/4 10R 6/12 to 7.5R 2/4 10R 4/12 to 7.5R 2/4 7.5RP 3/10 7.5Y 5/8 7.5R 2/2 5R 3/2 5R 3/8 10Y 2/2 7Y 7/8 Black 5YR 3/6 5YR 6/12 2.5YR 8/4 10YR 8/8 10P 3/6 10R 3/2 7.5YR 2/4 10Y 6/6 5YR 5/12 10R 2/4 10Y 9/6 5YR 7/12 2.5P 6/4 2.5RP 2/2 5YR 2/4 Table 1. Final colors produced by reagents A.l through A.12 with various drugs and other substances-Continued Analyte Solvent ISCCColor Munsell NIST** A.6 A.6 A.6 A.6 A.6 A.6 A.6 A.6 A.6 A.6 A.6 A.6 A.6 A.6 Acetaminophen Codeine* Diacetylmorphine HCl* Dimethoxy-meth HCl Doxepin HCl Dristan Exedrine LSD Mace5 MDA HCl Mescaline HCl* Morphine monohydrate* Opium* Oxycodone HCl CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 powder powder CHCl3 crystals CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 Powder CHCl3 67 101 89 82 83 51 67 55 102 101 16 67 72 83 Brilliant orange yellow Light greenish yellow Pale yellow Very yellow Brilliant yellow Deep orange Brilliant orange yellow Strong brown Moderate greenish yellow Light greenish yellow Dark red Brilliant orange yellow Dark orange yellow Brilliant yellow 2.5Y 8/12 7.5Y 9/6 5Y 9/6 2.5Y 8/14 5Y 8.5/8 5YR 6/12 2.5Y 8/12 5YR 5/10 10Y 7/6 7.5Y 9/6 5R 3/6 2.5Y 8/12 10YR 6/10 5Y 8.5/8 A.7 LSD* CHCl3 219 Deep purple 7.5P 3/10 A.8 A.8 A.8 A.8 A.8 A.8 Acetaminophen Baking Soda Chlorpromazine HCl Dristan Exedrine Morphine monohydrate* MEOH powder MEOH powder powder MEOH 103 51 48 200 200 146 Dark greenish yellow Deep orange Very orange Moderate purplish blue Moderate purplish blue Dark green 10Y 6/10 5YR 6/14 5YR 7/14 10PB 4/2 10PB 4/2 5G 3/6 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 Aspirin Chlorpromazine HCl Codeine* Contac Diacetylmorphine HCl* Dimethoxy-meth HCl Doxepin HCl Dristan Exedrine LSD Mace5 MDA HCl* Morphine monohydrate* Opium* Oxycodone HCl Propoxyphene HCl Sugar powder CHCl3 CHCl3 powder CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 powder powder CHCl3 crystals CHCl3 CHCl3 Powder CHCl3 CHCl3 crystals 228 14 147 95 256 115 41 163 177 120 70 157 256 65 84 20 83 Grayish purple Very deep red Very dark green Moderate olive brown Deep purplish red Very yellow green Deep reddish brown Light bluish green Brilliant blue Moderate yellow green Light olive yellow Greenish black Deep purplish red Brownish black Strong yellow Dark grayish red Brilliant yellow 7.5P 5/2 5R 3/10 7.5G 2/6 2.5Y 4/6 5RP 3/10 5GY 6/10 7.5R 2/8 5BG 7/6 10B 6/10 5GY 6/6 10YR 8/8 7.5G 2/2 5RP 3/10 7.5R 2/2 2.5Y 7/10 2.5R 3/2 5Y 8.5/8 A.10 A.10 A.10 Chlorpromazine HCl Codeine* Contac CHCl3 CHCl3 powder 21 166 95 Blackish red Very dark bluish green Moderate olive brown 5R 2/2 2.5BG 2/4 2.5Y 4/6 5 Table 1. Final colors produced by reagents A.l through A.12 with various drugs and other substances-Continued Analyte Solvent ISCCColor Munsell NIST** A.10 A.10 A.10 A.10 A.10 A.10 A.10 A.10 A.10 A.10 A.10 A.10 A.10 A.10 A.10 A.10 Diacetylmorphine HCl* Dimethoxy-meth HCl Doxepin HCl Dristan Exedrine Hydrocodone tartrate LSD Mace5 MDA HCl* Mescaline HCl* Morphine monohydrate* Nutmeg Opium* Oxycodone HCl Propoxyphene HCl Sugar CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 powder powder CHCl3 CHCl3 crystals CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 leaves Powder CHCl3 CHCl3 crystals 161 59 17 94 91 165 157 111 166 107 166 65 114 107 41 98 Deep bluish green Dark brown Very dark red Light olive brown Dark grayish yellow Dark bluish green Greenish black Dark grayish olive Very dark bluish green Moderate olive Very dark bluish green Brownish black Olive black Moderate olive Deep reddish brown Brilliant greenish yellow A.11 A.11 A.11 A.11 A.11 A.11 A.11 Baking Soda Exedrine Pentobarbital* Phenobarbital* Secobarbital* Tea Tobacco powder powder CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 leaves leaves 181 144 222 222 222 120 136 Light blue 2.5PB 7/6 Light green 5G 7/6 Light purple 7.5P 7/6 Light purple 7.5P 7/6 Light purple 7.5P 7/6 Moderate yellow green 2.5GY 7/8 Moderate yellowish green 10GY 6/6 A.12 A.12 A.12 A.12 d-Methamphetamine HCl* Dimethoxy-meth HCl* MDMA HCl Methylphenidate HCl CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 CHCl3 183 179 183 214 Dark blue Deep blue Dark blue Pale violet 2.5BG 3/8 5YR 2/4 5R 2/4 2.5Y 6/10 5Y 6/4 5BG 3/6 7.5G 2/2 10Y 3/4 2.5BG 2/4 7.5Y 5/8 2.5BG 2/4 10YR 2/2 10Y 2/2 7.5Y 5/8 10R 2/6 10Y 8.5/10 2.5PB 2/6 2.5PB 3/8 2.5PB 2/6 2.5P 6/4 * Usual kit reagent for that particular drug. ** Inter-Society Color Council and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (ISCC-NIST), formerly ISCC/NBS, National Bureau of Standards (NBS). 1 Aqueous phase. 2 Aqueous phase after chloroform extraction. 3 Chloroform phase (marijuana extraction usually rapid compared to other materials). 4 Not extracted into chloroform. 5 2-Chloroacetophenone. 6 4.1.3 Safety Precautions a) Warning of the hazards of the flammable and corrosive chemicals contained in the kit. b) Steps to follow and antidotes to use if hazardous reagents are taken internally or come in contact with parts of the body or clothes. c) Procedures for safely discarding used reagents and containers. 4.1.4 General a) A statement that the kit is intended to be used for presumptive identification purposes only, and that all substances tested should be subjected to more definitive examination by qualified scientists in a properly equipped crime laboratory. b) A statement that users of the kit should receive appropriate training in its use and should be taught that the reagents can give false-positive as well as false-negative results. c) A discussion of the possibility of reagent and/or sample contamination and consequent misleading results. d) A discussion of proper kit storage in buildings and vehicles. 4.2 Labeling Each reagent container shall have a label that either directly or by reference: a) b) c) d) Identifies the reagent. Identifies the drug or drugs it can detect. Is prominently marked “Danger” where appropriate. Gives a discard date where appropriate. 4.3 Workmanship Visual inspection of the kit shall show no broken or inoperative catches, hinges, or containers. There shall be no evidence of reagent leakage. 4.4 Safe-Disposal Materials The kit shall contain chemicals for neutralizing strongly acidic and basic reagents and/or acid/base-resistant containers into which used reagents and containers can be deposited and safely disposed of at a later time in accordance with section 4.1.3.c. 4.5 Color Samples The kit shall include samples or reproductions of the color or colors produced by each reagent in the kit when reacted with each drug listed on the reagent container label. 7 4.6 Test Color and Sensitivity Each reagent in the kit shall produce the color or colors specified by the manufacturer in the form of color samples (sec. 4.5) or have the same color hue and color saturation as those colors, for each of five replicate tests, performed in accordance with section 5.2 at the drug detection limit listed in table 2 or specified by the manufacturer in accordance with section 4.7. If a reagent produces the same color with more than one drug, this test should be performed from only one of those reagent/drug combinations. 4.7 Drug Detection Limit The manufacturer shall specify the drug detection limit, determined in accordance with section 5.3, for each drug/reagent combination listed on a reagent container label, other than those listed in table 2. 4.8 Specificity The kit shall include sufficient reagents to permit differentiation between each drug listed in accordance with section 4.1.1 and the other substances listed in table 3. The differentiation may be accomplished by the use of a single reagent or by a combination of reagents. Acceptable differentiation occurs if the final colors of the test are not in the color vicinity of one another when checked in accordance with section 5.4. 5. TEST METHODS 5.1 General Test Conditions At the time of the tests, the ambient temperature shall be between 10oC and 40 oC (50 oF and 104 oF); the relative humidity shall be between 10 percent and 90 percent. Recommended Safety Precautions (see app. B) and Storage Precautions (see app. C) shall be followed. 5.2 Test Color Place 500 µg of the drug, either as powder or dissolved in chloroform, in each of three wells of the porcelain test plate (except for app. A.3, where glass culture tubes are used). If the kit is packaged with the reagents in sealed glass tubes for single test field purposes, break the reagent tubes in suitable individual containers such as small beakers or test tubes. Use a disposable pasteur-type pipette to transfer one drop (approximately 0.1 mL) of each reagent being tested, in the sequence specified by the manufacturer if appropriate, to each of the three wells.1 Compare the color or colors produced within the specified time limits to those provided by the 1 When two or more reagents are used sequentially, transfer the minimum number of drops of each reagent equivalent to the ratio specified by the manufacturer (i.e., three drops to one drop, etc.). 8 manufacturer in accordance with section 4.5, and determine whether the colors are essentially the same. If the colors do not match, check the drug solution and test procedure by repeating the above procedure using fresh reagent prepared as directed in appendix A or by the manufacturer. This paragraph is not applicable to reagents not listed in appendix A unless information similar to that in appendix A is supplied by the manufacturer. 5.3 Drug Detection Limit Determination Prepare a 1.0 µg/µL solution (or lower if necessary) of the selected drug in chloroform or methanol. Using a micropipette, transfer five samples of this solution to the test wells or tubes. Add reagent as described in section 5.2. Change the quantity of drug transferred by varying either the solution concentration or the volume transferred, and repeat the test until the smallest mass of transferred drug is determined, to one significant figure, for which five out of five color changes are observed. As a safety factor, multiply this quantity by 10, and use the product as the operational drug detection limit. 5.4 Specificity Test For each reagent in the kit other than those listed in appendix A, determine the final color, if any, when mixed with each substance listed in table 3. 9 Table 2. Drug detection limits Reagent A.1 A.1 Analyte Cocaine HCl Methadone HCl Drug Detection Limit (µg) 60 250 A.2 A.2 A.2 A.2 Amobarbital Pentobarbital Phenobarbital Secobarbital 25 10 15 25 A.3 THC 5 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 A.4 d-Amphetamine HCl d-Methamphetamine HCl Codeine Diacetylmorphine HCl Morphine monohydrate 20 100 20 20 5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 A.5 d-Amphetamine HCl Codeine Diacetylmorphine HCl LSD Mescaline HCl Methadone HCl d-Methamphet HCl Morphine monohydrate 10 1 10 5 10 20 5 5 A.6 Mescaline HCl 1 A.7 LSD 6 A.8 Morphine monohydrate 200 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 A.9 Codeine Diacetylmorphine HCl LSD Mescaline HCl Morphine monohydrate 50 200 50 100 25 A.10 A.10 A.10 A.10 A.10 Codeine Diacetylmorphine HCl LSD Mescaline HCl Morphine monohydrate 25 200 50 50 50 A.11 Phenobarb 1000 A.12 A.12 d-Methamphetamine HCl Methylphenidate HCl 10 300 *The solvent is CHCl3 except for A.8, which is methanol. 10 Table 3. Specificity of color tests (+) Indicates that a color reaction occurs 1 Acetominophen Alprazolam Aspirin Baking Soda Brompheniramine Maleate Chlordiazepoxide HCl Chlorpromazine HCl Contac Diazepam Doxepin HCl Dristan Ephedrine HCl Exedrine Hydrocodone tartrate Mace2 Meperidine HCl Methaqualone Methylphenidate HCl Nutmeg2 Phencyclidine HCl Propoxyphene HCl Pseudoephedrine HCl Quinine HCl Salt Sugar Tea2 Tobacco A.1 + + + + + + + + + + + + - A.2 - A.3 + + + - A.4 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - 1 A.5 + + + + + + + + + + - REAGENT A.6 A.7 + + + + + + - A.8 + + + + + - A.9 + + + + + + + + + - A.10 + + + + + + + + + + - A.11 + + + + Substances that gave no colors with these reagents are: D-galactose, glucose, mannitol, oregano, rosemary, and thyme. 2 Tea, mace, and nutmeg may interfere with theDuquenios test but not the Duquenois-Levine modified test (A.3). 11 A.12 + - APPENDIX A–REAGENTS A.1 Cobalt Thiocyanate Dissolve 2.0 g of cobalt (II) thiocyanate in 100 mL of distilled water. A.2 Dille-Koppanyi Reagent, Modified Solution A: Dissolve 0.1 g of cobalt (II) acetate dihydrate in 100 mL of methanol. Add 0.2 mL of glacial acetic acid and mix. Solution B: Add 5 mL of isopropylamine to 95 mL of methanol. Procedure: Add 2 volumes of solution A to the drug, followed by 1 volume of solution B. A.3 Duquenois-Levine Reagent, Modified Solution A: Add 2.5 mL of acetaldehyde and 2.0 g of vanillin to 100 mL of 95 percent ethanol. Solution B: Concentrated hydrochloric acid. Solution C: Chloroform. Procedure: Add 1 volume of solution A to the drug and shake for 1 min. Then add 1 volume of solution B. Agitate gently, and determine the color produced. Add 3 volumes of solution C and note whether the color is extracted from the mixture to A and B. A.4 Mandelin Reagent Dissolve 1.0 g of ammonium vanadate in 100 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid. A.5 Marquis Reagent Carefully add 100 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid to 5 mL of 40 percent formaldehyde (v:v, formaldehyde:water). A.6 Nitric Acid Concentrated nitric acid. A.7 Para-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (p-DMAB) Add 2.0 g of p-DMAB to 50 mL of 95 percent ethanol and 50 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid. 12 A.8 Ferric Chloride Dissolve 2.0 g of anhydrous ferric chloride or 3.3 g of ferric chloride hexahydrate in 100 mL of distilled water. A.9 Froede Reagent Dissolve 0.5 g of molybdic acid or sodium molybate in 100 mL of hot concentrated sulfuric acid. A.10 Mecke Reagent Dissolve 1.0 g of selenious acid in 100 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid. A.11 Zwikker Reagent Solution A: Dissolve 0.5 g of copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate in 100 mL of distilled water. Solution B: Add 5 mL of pyridine to 95 mL of chloroform. Procedure: Add 1 volume of solution A to the drug, followed by 1 volume of solution B. A.12 Simon’s Reagent Solution A: Dissolve 1 g of sodium nitroprusside in 50 mL of distilled water and add 2 mL of acetaldehyde to the solution with thorough mixing. Solution B: 2 percent sodium carbonate in distilled water. Procedure: Add 1 volume of solution A to the drug, followed by 2 volumes of solution B. 13 APPENDIX B–SAFETY PRECAUTIONS A.1 Cobalt Thiocyanate 1. Cobalt Thiocyanate – HARMFUL. Harmful if swallowed. Readily absorbed through the skin. Target organs: lungs, thyroid. Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. A.2 Dille-Koppanyi Reagent, Modified 1. Cobalt (II) acetate dihydrate – TOXIC. May cause cancer. May cause heritable genetic damage. Harmful by inhalation, contact with skin, and if swallowed. May cause sensitization by skin contact. Causes irritation. Target organs: lungs, thyroid. In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection. Do not breathe dust. 2. Methanol - POISON, FLAMMABLE. 2 Flammable liquid and vapor. Cumulative poison. Harmful if inhaled. May be fatal or cause blindness if swallowed. Can cause eye, skin, or respiratory system irritation. Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. 3. Glacial acetic acid – ACID.3 Combustible, flammable, corrosive, organic acid. Causes severe burns. Harmful in contact with skin. Lachrymator. Target organs: teeth, kidneys. Keep away from sources of ignition. In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection. Incompatible with carbonates, hydroxides, many oxides and phosphates, etc. 4. Isopropylamine – FLAMMABLE.2 Corrosive. Causes burns. Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin, and if swallowed. Keep away from sources of ignition. Take precautionary measures against static discharges. In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection. A.3 Duquenois-Levine Reagent, Modified 1. Acetaldehyde - EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE, 2 TOXIC. May cause cancer. May cause heritable genetic damage. Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin, and if swallowed. May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. Possible risk of harm to unborn child. Causes severe irritation. Lachrymator. Photosensitizer. Target organs: kidneys, liver. May develop pressure. Keep away from sources of ignition. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately 14 with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection. 2. Vanilin – none. 3. Ethanol – FLAMMABLE.2 May irritate in body tissues. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing vapor. Do not get on eyes, skin, or clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. Do not swallow or inhale. Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. 4. Hydrochloric acid – ACID, 3 TOXIC, CORROSIVE. Liquid and mist cause severe burns to all body tissue. May be fatal if swallowed or inhaled. Inhalation may cause lung damage. Do not get on skin or clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection. Use only with adequate ventilation. 5. Chloroform – FLAMMABLE, 2 TOXIC, POISON. Suspected cancer hazard. Exposure can cause damage to liver, kidneys, and central nervous system (CNS). Harmful if swallowed. Causes eye irritation. Harmful to skin and respiratory system. Toxic and corrosive gases are formed on contact with flames or hot glowing surfaces. Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. A.4 Mandelin Reagent 1. Ammonium vanadate - TOXIC. Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin, and if swallowed. Irritating to eyes and respiratory system. Risk of serious damage to eyes. Possible risk of irreversible effects. Possiblemutagen. In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection. 2. Sulfuric acid – OXIDIZER,1 ACID, 3 TOXIC, CORROSIVE. Liquid and mist cause severe burns to all body tissue. May be fatal if swallowed. Harmful if inhaled. Inhalation may case lung damage. Do not get liquid in eyes, on skin, or clothing. Wash thoroughly after handling. Avoid breathing vapors. Use with adequate ventilation. Do not add water to contents while in container because of violent reaction. Store in tightly closed container. Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. A.5 Marquis Reagent 1. Sulfuric Acid - see A.4. 2. Formaldehyde - TOXIC. May cause cancer. May cause heritable genetic damage. Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin, and if swallowed. Causes burns. May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. Readily absorbed through skin.Lachrymator. 15 Combustible. Target organs: eyes, kidneys. Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. A.6 Nitric Acid 1. Nitric acid – OXIDIZER, 1 ACID. 3 Do not breathe vapor. Do not get in eyes or on skin or clothing. Keep in tightly closed, light-resistant container. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of water for at least 15 min. Causes severe burns. Vapor extremely hazardous. May cause nitrous gas poisoning. Spillage may cause fire or liberate dangerous gas. May be fatal if swallowed. A.7 Para-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (p-DMAB) 1. p-DMAB - HARMFUL. Harmful if swallowed, irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection. 2. Ethanol - See A-3. 3. Hydrochloric acid - See A.3. A.8 Ferric Chloride 1. Ferric chloride – OXIDIZER,1 CORROSIVE. Causes burns. Harmful by inhalation, contact with skin, and if swallowed. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Take off all contaminated clothing immediately. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection. A.9 Froede Reagent 1. Sodium molybdate - IRRITANT. Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection. 2. Sulfuric acid - See A.5. A.10 Mecke Reagent 1. Selenious acid – OXIDIZER,1 TOXIC. Highly toxic. Contact with combustible material may cause fire. Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin, and if swallowed. Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. Target organs: liver, heart. Keep away from combustible material. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection. 2. Sulfuric acid - See A.5. 16 A.11 Zwikker Reagent 1. Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate - HARMFUL, TOXIC. May impair fertility. Possible risk of harm to unborn child. Harmful if swallowed. Risk of serious damage to eyes. Irritating to respiratory system, and skin. May cause sensitization by skin contact. Target organs: liver, kidneys. In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection. Do not breathe dust. 2. Pyridine – FLAMMABLE.2 Keep away from heat, sparks, and flames. Use only with adequate ventilation. Vapors may be explosive. Wear suitable protective clothing. Harmful if inhaled. Liquid causes eye irritation. May be harmful if swallowed or absorbed through the skin. Avoid breathing vapors. Avoid contact with eyes, and skin. Wash thoroughly after handling. 3. Chloroform - See A.3. A.12 Simon’s Reagent 1. Sodium nitroprusside - VERY TOXIC. Very toxic by inhalation, contact with skin, and if swallowed. Target organs: blood. In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection. Do not breathe dust. 2. Pyridine - See A.11. 3. Acetaldehyde - See A.3. 4. Sodium carbonate – BASE.4 Harmful if swallowed. May cause skin irritation. Harmful if inhaled. Wash thoroughly after handling. 17 APPENDIX C–STORAGE PRECAUTIONS 1 OXIDIZERS: Store in a cool, dry place. Keep away from flammable and combustible materials (paper, wood, etc.) Keep away from reducing agents such as zinc, alkaline metals, and formic acid. 2 FLAMMABLES: Store in approved safety cans or cabinets. Segregate from oxidizing acids and oxidizers. Keep away any source of ignition: flames, localized heat, or sparks. Safety cans or drums containing flammable liquids should be grounded and bonded when being used. Keep firefighting equipment readily available. Have spill cleanup materials handy. Store highly volatile flammable liquids in a specially equipped refrigerator. 3 ACIDS: Store large bottles of acids on low shelf or in acid cabinets. Segregate oxidizing acids from organic acids, flammable and combustible materials. Segregate acids from bases and active metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, etc. Segregate acids from chemicals that could generate toxic gases upon contact such as sodium cyanide, iron sulfide, etc. Use bottle carriers for transporting acid bottles. Have spill control pillows or acid neutralizers available in case of acid spills. 4 BASES: Segregate bases from acids. Store solutions of inorganic hydroxides in polyethylene containers. Have spill control pillows or caustic neutralizers available for caustic spills. 18 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street N.W. Washington, DC 20531 Janet Reno Attorney General Daniel Marcus Acting Associate Attorney General Mary Lou Leary Acting Assistant Attorney General Julie E. Samuels Acting Director, National Institute of Justice Office of Justice Programs World Wide Web Site: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov National Institute of Justice World Wide Web Site: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij