I 

h- an. un-

 

22?4-1?3

ISIIMLEIS 01 TRACTION OP -
CANCER IN THE UNITED IUAEBS 
RELAIBD TD ZACIORS

natured by:

National enact: 

untiennl Institutu a: Invi=unncutnl Health Scicncn

naticnnl Institutn Occuyntiohal slicty and Snalth

Contributors oxdar}:

Kluncth lridberd. H.D., 
Pinata NC:
Joanph r. 3:3unun1. 32., ac:
 G. 39.1: than-g 
lobar: N. Boovcr. NC:
warm I. 31:11, 11.13.. 915.13.. REES. Dir-eta:
nab-:to Satiiutti. HG:
Marvin A. rh.b.. ac:
arthur c.,Uptnn. 14.13., 13:1, Dir-eta:
.P 

Q: G?nttibutc: 1:9 1:11: 
Dir: Hun? nu; ma

?tptubcr 15 1573



 

?quantum- n?v- In-n?cnncu?u?nu-l? I

Site

HOST LIKELI

Lung

Bladder 

Liver. 9511
bIIddar I

biliary
Passages



Hu1tip1o

Hyelnma
He1an0ma
SubtotaT

LESS LIKELY

'Intestines

a Rectum
Pancreas
Subtota1
GRAND TOTAL

INCIDENCE OF MAJOR CANCERS POSSIBLY RELAIED

 

 

 

HHITE MALES
AGE ADJUSTED (1970 U.S. POP.) PER 100.000
Proportion Tbtal minus
Ittributud to ?attributIBIe'
1969- I. possible - I -
1211 .121; Change causes 1971 197? Change
70.? 15.6 7 .85 snaking 10.6 11.3 7
23.5 I 22.4 +11 .65 Smak1ng 12.9 155-0 '11
15.1 13.9 +17 15.1 13.9. +17
4.6 6.3 +37 .75 Sun119ht 1.15 1.58 +37
120.5 133.2 +11 46.4 51.9 +12
51.2 53.1 4 51.2 53.1 4
;_Iz.2 12.5 4 2 .55 smoking; 5.5 5.5 2
63.4 65.6 55.7 58.7 4
133.9 198.8 8 103.1 110.6 7

 

AP00008935

 

 

 





This th- qucstian: 'Hhut in the Q93: esti-
at tho ?:I:tion a! 6.36.: dunths} in tho Unit-d
ltntau thatli to attributc t9 occupational ISP?lur?
in the prlacnt. Ind in th. ?D:35t:;:c taunts?? Eraviaully rublishod
a: this fanatic: hnvo butin: gust
?lth [roviiwl by liqginlan (1-3). and 6?31 and Doll (511
Ind 13 high ll 10% to 15? the discussion by Col: all
thus. altinl?nl It: apocu1 t1VQ and luv-rtl wire anxiously
a: Host arc nan ant at ?lial 1t_rlc?ut evi-
dcnco is and 1: {all canscquuacns o! occupational
nxponurol in tha prnsant and zucant 1:0 takuu into nccount.
catinataa at It lens: 23% typos: much an:- and may 
be :ennurvntivo. these rain: to the not: l?d th-
tuture. 

roux Pitfall: .
roux gtnersl problcm; contoun? nttempt; to nasal: this question.
Incamnlute iad?itrius hacn 
ndcquutaly fag.ovnlulting.thc passibln nuauxzuncl a! 
salutad lccau-n ot'th- ins-asitiV1ty of opidanioIOgic lur-
an uncut di?iculun 1: conducung than only aunts
and industrial processnn which load to titan: 119;. axe-s: incidencua
hava hula to anti. tho :ntn:nntionll 35.333 in: nos-txch
an Cues: (ms: Jan an ongoing tn twin an; an annual:
for pot-utial en=cinoqanlc an anti. lum- 363 and

induatzill pron-Incl: hlvo bean :cviouud. Bace:dlng :5 I roe-at

l?

 

AP00008936

 

 

I. a


tuna-nu nuunnu hump-nu an up an pun-unannouu. an. nuhnpul
?Man nun and-Hoh?nun on HI I anon-nu
Pu taunt noun nun-uupp nunuonu non. anew-39w an anon

on updrurP unto-u. wanna. ?Hunk. ounuknpv ?nun-H pumnruu. w.
Fur-Pu nuLn_nbnm. an you gnaw. n-unouu run Hunks-un-n am ?so on non-
lunouupv Hindu": lacuna on 
Hush. runaway ER Fun-Ha an an I shun" nun-p on nuunuullucn
?8on ?Sauna can.? aunt-?no Barnum no ?if 5 Earn?.
58 gang.? an annular?? Bug? an. ?unk-n
mack-u npacuourAW-uann on nu. oH-p updwnu. an naknu unmana- nuocpn an.
no unnuuywaonu on nuowhunu Ha noayn.nuunonwpw 
nu. on urban? known-5n. no. oLnU an nu-
npuu-on on ourahoua-un-H nonunaou-n UK swan-n pun noun. ww-
una.ou ?you. coup? w- Hana-H napu Poo. on.
on can tapavwnj on ?ve-uponhuu vanes-n shun-unau panunu
H- gr." "5932" Innings ran. ?Pain-nun anan P?.nun?nhun Hahn nan.?
any. xo-d Hana ?tan-uh no. luv-anon In. uuowpuvu
np?nwuhuoomuww no: an ?nun-nu ?recur-H on
vane-nu ru- umn?nan.Mw ulna: wkw-ww ?run unna-
nnunnpou nu nubmpnu canon Inna-n no_vo .unnhpuanpuwp no.
uaowhun numnwu uvuo u. no. tau-manna nanuannau. rnnxon
our.? ?Iguana. . .

?my vknuum Hannah? Inn. Ian nanunhmn an Dado-ant. Kala Goodman
nkon-H nun.nrrnuanlnuuon.v% uppnnun vnuwoaunumu.mo ?o.uo
Nahum canto-u nu. canon on saunas". Dun nu. nww?wnlp luv-hnpuno on
wanna. up?. w. noun?.auyn.?unu auunhuunnwo unon-uu. gasp
nonumpnhouruwu upulmnn wrung". on. nod-adun. ?can nun-Hum "gunman

2.8885

 

 

 

 

E?nu gnaw-n on. on you. wanna: 5 ES hunch-n-
unauann?. nun-nan!" an nuance?. ?Sauna-non 3. E..- unnouq hogan-an.
on ?run-u. Manama?a- nmus was Inn :13 nun-.53 nave-nun. n45
. ab twin- nb can?: E. u. banana.? (?ran on. on ?to
En nova-ant an In. En 503.. on nu- awnuvunnl
nup- nrunouu 5.5. non nu E..- unit on 
lava-on hour-nu. Bangui  In .3 on ?a ?spa.- rnn-u up":
Baa-nu? an a: 5.25an no unna- Iuwauc non no u.an I Eb: nun .
"no: capo-E3390!? .52.: (Eat no new nowubt v33.- - 
pu- thopu no nan-Hangar?. Fungal- nnuwu. loan as:
n?qu?vEEoHonun nun ?nun. mnov?uu woan nun:
. no: Fianna?um vou?-?an no pun gnunumon. aw: mung-a 
nun-gm nu ?an- ?ng an E5 $359.9. Us" I nan-nun: 
abwsunninou an. gouge. non Iran n? apron?. Faun-mn-
w?nuar-on hangar?runny. In nu. non?.5 on an. npn?u not-h on has
noun. nEHuua4o again on urban?.- onn?unwnn Ha I nanny-I
?has - pan-wha- Mununp-o- a. nu. nanny on aroma wot-n om ran.
Hn 380-5.. an nounwuonpu unuawnu ha I nowwnbu l??vwnnuan-
"Hannah-- ?par .3 I: 5.5.. ?nu-8.3- u??uau on ago-u.- unannuwun
uh ab ?noun. nypuuwu. wanna-i. r. ?up minor. on an?an - -
Wot-n an Human. non luau?uni. 9. on n33.5-
3onnuwur um you no ra 03% runs." alumna.? an mwmunnunu on
.55.. 5.33 ?a no.- qo. mun E. ?:33 Ivan-959355 
nan-b uncannan 3.5.. I E: manager on an. nnwuu. nun..- muumnuu
Humans-unw- co. In luau". raw saw-PH anus-gr an nun handgun
an onnuvu?bupw ?sauna-ugh. 50an En. vudu nonogn.

 

>388?:

 

 

 

any Durant. an ammouano wand-nun. aw. nauouhnunu on nuanou
?wax noon In. on oxuo-un- Mu nanny." an
orphan. kn nu undo-ch. no Hut. an
nun. tour-um pu- cx?o-nn nunoanuonn nuipn nunhuo,?duwpua Had-a no




nun any: nunnunup tn unauwnn ?announnuunour. gown-nu 
annual un?t unhnwu uuonuiunuu. n4nn t?n?hu and any. gov. nu. 
onus no (whoa I tour." ?u unmanon no nu-naon nuns aka. ?a ?hub.

aw who was. In ocean-whoapkpu wound-n ?nun-n tonwnnu 
auaanInnHw undo moon nauonon an nhnmou-u? awnahnnpu pun saw

.35 .54. annual onnaur?ouu. an an u??nuupuuw Vanna." E- 
unaware?. an an. on unwounnmm ugh-can nun 

. non tuuau ti and. ?no vouu annulus-wanna pn-

     

nuo-n tsunu In. awn-Hruww nonoauhnom uu.nuhnhnoanukn. un4nn-H on ?#33
unq- Un-u Mann?Hugh. no En Inna-En- ?n nub-- unnhnon?ol l\ 
nun-n. "up: Htu<uu any.? nunmwuoanuu nunw run and spun 
Handwocu ?nnpa an In: nun H?na?nnuno on anan Inhms 
nuna sum-non u.

Hun?~ an. unuupunon I-uh?rnn- on unwn panoun no 
cahnw unnuurnwouhw nun ounMn?uH alumna. un?o v.15 nunonawunn.n up 
manna-ruouuv nunnuau H. on Haunt m-bnnun. Hun? 

. on Hana no? on RP-nnau nuunnuu run no on uxhu ?pun-nu. ?an
scurvy-n andpwouuonn on nun-u nanny-nun tun anqnm. votiaonu. 
nuannuuan Rwandan up. no nunnunu ?urn 1upqo vans nonoau
nun-u.. nun nun unuonnuw on urban". can. unuwuunn no unnxuozu. 
"laden-n . 

. 



388%?

. a




 

In 1976. Higginson and Hui: (2) again astinatad tha impact o!
cnviconmontal in human caucus. shay stat-d, again with tow
supporting datails:

'Although occupational cancsza :acognisad so ta:

provida son. of tha coat satisfactory data to:

idautitying cat-:ual acauts. tha absolute combat

o: duo to occupational axposuscs would

app-a: to ho :slativoly small. probably is to It .
ct all 

1c.1977. Hindu: and Gori pron-ntcd catioatcs of the 
oi cauca: inoidauca in tha whitad Stat-s to 
anviromcntaJ' :acto:s.' It would appoa: icon rim 1 in thci:
papa: that thai: uadiau aatinatss to: at. icaotion o: caccars at-
tributable to occupational factors Hora It to: can and 2% to: woman.
Thai: axplanatiou to: than-Instiuatas was:

'Iha data pracautly availahlc act. at hast; aducatad 
ostiuatas.o? tha.rslationlhip hctvaan spacific canoats
and specizic occupational groups. Cola ct ai. (56)
sugqaatac that 20? ct hlacda: cantata occucz in
mains in tho Boston araa ara ralatad to occupational
cupcsurc. In caztain oountica o1 Haw acts-y. the in-
:raa-ad risk to: this'cancar appaarad to to high
among workara in certain chanical induatrias. Iailar
(parconal communication) estimated that tho occupa-
tional contribution to total cacca: inuidaaca in nalac
lics and 5t,:and a similar csticatc was made
- by Nelson (Personal communication). Ganaral estimates
at tho pacoantaqa of all human cancars :alatad to
oocunatioual axpocuca tango hatwaan and int. lou-
avat. of spacitic high-risk groups,
hazardous cxpocurc lavala. and ralatad canon: ubi-
danca rataa is got to ha data:uinad.' 7 -

In addition to tha occur o1 ?ooa-agiaot. cos-causa' thinking poictad
out ahovs. thai: :alianoa on 'aducatac aaticatas.? 'paxsoaal commuti-
oaticns.? and 'canaral cstinataa' cakas tha :asultitg conclusions
tcuuous. And again. o: couxaa, no attaupt was kin. to astinata

future conacquanccs o: past cxposuraa.

AP00008940

 

 

In 1377. Doll published a auzvay a! tha a:
.anvizoanantal.gacterl la huuah capta: la tha U-I. Ea 
his hall-f that oetupataonal tactnra wata a: ralatlvaly small in-
portanca. but did not uaka a nnmatlcal aatlnata.

In 15+1. cola aatlnatad tha iractian of cane-2 that is
occupationally-inducad to ha 1.3. than 15% man and than
5t Ea tha haala in: than. aatlnataa as

tollawau I 

'1 aatlnatad that tha occupationally-inducad hatdan
was than 15! in: an: and than 5? to: Human.
rha main: a: :ancar daatha aza cancazs of tho
luaq, tha halal: Ina tha welsh: and thus. aza larqaly
or tatally non-occupatlanallr inane-d. hung cane-r.
.1: sun clearatta-snaking-ludusad: eanca: la'
probably nut at all cacupatlnnally laduaadt that. may
ha Iona. probably small. occupational campcnant in
canto: a! tha ractum. Otha: alt-a such as eatle a:
ovary hava a occupational coupon-at. if
anyz Iha ahava listed altaa account to: about half
of tha cancar'daatha. In: otha: altal.-lt is attri-
cult to tha occupatlanal canyonant. Iowavax.
Ivan an canto: llka hladdar
cane-r can be diractly to occupatlanal
aapuaural about 25% at tho tlna. ?lth.hal? tha
cane-t ally nan-auaupatlanally induced. :na
halt tha cancara nacupatlenally-lnducad lass than 25?
a: tha tina. a aatlaata tn ha 15$

to: malaa.' ., 
Ehil arguuaht all: a?aunaa?that a canes: uhleh la :alated ta a non-

I- II. - 

antipatlanal tattaz cannot also ha occupationally ralatad. cola'a
stat-want hi tha'hatll 16; his aatlnataa nakaa it obvious that all
astimataa aantala a larga alanant a: uncartalnty.
concluda that tha Itatanant that an than 1% t: a:
cantata in tho Uhitad Stat-a art attzibutahla ta nucnyatlunal tactnza
I la baa-a on paztlal can a: cuttant.knuu1ad;a. :aflaata the aha-tans.
una-otiact tallaqyt-and in not particularly usatul 1c: aatlnatlng

- '4

 

AP00008941

 

 



-. .Il"



ucaunn aware? an an non nuunonn on snapper-n

lunharnnu. (Show ?run. an no How no? on Pu. any.

Nathananwunhun Dan-upon
vannuin nun-nu 0? ?vi unsnnin ununruvaan Ivo?u nu 

nary t?nu In ?unannoqu-nl acou?hu?. 3mm" lunch" so ur+n roan 
?savanna no unocuno ounhu-nu- on nu. on urban"
hhnhanunl crud nu uwnnhua?ruwu no ounce-whonbu Inna-nun: 

E. no 3.5: 9.3 EE- v.5 canon-Erna no a. announc-
naahn. unzadnu. whom - auounwou an on Prawn-a "nuanced Hanan-n an.
Baum on savanna-u an nan manna" clan now
up Brawnoan-a sunk? nae. any. #5 an. nunuun. Hui anouuhwu aura

noon. ?0 u. wanna-non pa azupn kn ?no on mnnunnan
NWK oonnuunhoupp savanna-n no unwrap aura-u vb punts"

no ?up: acoanuou use" no nos-tspn van-ca. to an nun who:
truer on nu. nnosknuwu 95 au- hula-unlnuu :dnruwrnn tuuw Jo 
honours. an ?an ?scan. I. n-uonn. no unodwn- -
urn?. non tn zany awn-n pannHUd no
no xuusu nuuowuol
nun. 95 ?no nonoun an.? ?oam?Lrnup.nun ?swan. minnow wanna-ann. {Mn u.
now urnuunupuuwu.wnwuuaw nan-nu no ouonuw-no uvoan nu- oonapuup In:

Hangman on cinnamon. nu-uku-Hu 9h tanwuproOu.

burn-non In I mmnaumn

at. an savanna: an paw-anon an ?an
nnhn-o manna. v.46 nuke woman an ea unnoaupn-n Mn nub vpun
Ha run noon Innkuhnbn: anu vintinh a bun PP 

a watrnp? hummMun um u-uoud can. Noumea-Ftp. vuounupnn
"Home Inn?ulunu. 

mx

 

25882.? -

.. 

 

 

 

nr 4

11

vu?




:auxouu and. tuna canon-n no pawn-nan ha nu. a.u. guano nu. Unawauwna 
on sauna mun HH. an.nunn nanny. nuvnoaPH-n-Hm.w.u no m.u nhwuvon tun
unouounpm nn?wowln. unaunuvu I Shannon rid. Ivan-nu anon. :?kwu nun 
anarkun-niuu-utonu u.u nun q.w akwuhnu nonuouww gnuwa%un 
Mu au<wuomnnuna swan pursuant nuunuann. ?unpanhun nu.
usud?dan- unonn nun tab tour-n Pu awHuu-unu auunua nun 
Hu?a.lp an nun-a run own-H noun-nu. (aux-nu. Ivunoxhurnnwu EFF: .
when run uswhu?nn no rues urn unu<w nave-cu. no Inch-nun 
uuMn-nhnwoqhnuk gunman. on tannin. ?Hulwmv when hunununoa wand. on
"0.499% undo-ow tour-nu two and: spun-nu Anon. Nolan noun-nu and; 
Ahab on Hana nu?oou. ulna noun-nu on Uncanny on acupunumrw Buaol 
?unwwnan. aha ulu on nuumuownnhunhuuw ?run-nu~ am
no I nanny on mun?ua. aspun nMQuH-u Saw V. nun-maunpahula on .
Hwnonhao.nuunru.nP-xu..uoounuo noun on.nuouo 
yuan uoHHotin no nu. can on nuohu up?. snub. 
on Ens. .. Fawn?Lin vanih? Damn-on tour-u: Hal-n H3 
In. name panned-n an an. on nu. tau-unnuIH-prla nrunonu rvoen. .
nun nun nvuoun. om oxuoua?o ?o Irv-anon. punch d.uu nhwpuon ?man no":
moan. cuppa EH46 unn& on an ?was. awn-u.?
bhauahun nur?.nwo IRw-u- wwux do unnhhuhun Hana u-u4FHu sauna-n
tour-mu an aura no mun sauna-a tour-nu "In 
nunoounbn um nun nun: up nun. at. nanny raga-u on
?nun-n. ?w paw-anon an nu. Hon-Iraud?wu manna-n macaw

sauna vi nuuannun no r. wu ?up ulna. no a.q ukuphon. uphnwun

.nua ?our? no u.o no n.u ahpphou. manna loan on ?ulna ?runoua tank u. 

lhuhnnunln ocun I minnow on ?plan uupuu. nub n?tupno Hanan"


. 
. 

 



L.

 

 

bargain-unwrap.? Eh: lacuna: up: an manna.?

?t a. 2.23 8 ?any aqua-u. u?mnuu 5.5.
on PS. ?nun-u horny- oxu-nn-n E. E..- anunnm ab nun non-pupa
unw?ua Annuaahnu ?urn nanny ?nun-n horny: nunnonun no noo~oaa no .ua.aoa
nun Winn.- . .l

Hun.- n-unuHOI on nun-I Innkahnnu non-H4. puny-Ina?

H. 3.903: noun 3.9- 5032  raw-mun. by. war: was
unnu? un-n on who muoahon-n announ? puo Dav-anon no a. nu nun ?dunno.
9n sunnurnl on or. mn-unmnIn-K aunt-um on ?run-nu unnunrnnuuwo
no paw-unu- Ecwn Eo?gwmiu Ewan.

u. 3 Piano ?unannou on nun unwouno-IH-Pnn-n ulna-nu nun owuo
"spun-n nu ?Puma nun ouovwru?u. on pun nu nun nnw?H0IHun-un95nu
?ulna. 3.02.593. ugnu. nun For. Spun- 05093 In. nun-.wa
qunann no we won annamrnhourvww nw.p.u.m.. mount. an nu-
oum onslonmoon. inn. nunm. awn ounc?unhouuw oupawu
om on as. pun-324553 nus-n. i=5 e. an .nu?
aharu U. nwnuuwsuln no any." on subwaoau. .

u. ?nance: nnonn-nnu on paw-unounnaw-n-n nuunanu u-

Lho-nw. run a. 3053 wanna-=3 .4535. uh an. ?on
upon aw .xnahn-?wmw on anomr ?Hanna pa nuunnm Hanna-un- no"
Fa "ruin-wounw rancvuukou. Huang ru- ?unann- non

urban . 

an. ?to on who Iruon .36: on paw-ouo?nnor-n-n ?ran-u. upon":

Managua: gaunt-wanna. no." ?Mutants In gnaw ?no ?avour?.
rah?.9 can in. nun-Hum ?Fun-n. In Ea Econ: . .l .
?burns. nunn?hutw ulna-nu. Hunuoanhdowu?

. any _?bun luviunou-novmnon ulna-an In. rHuu unoruualnnH-nln.

no Hana Him. In In no on mo.oap.Vou . Iknw?nwda on nun
lunoa nun-n aura gonna non. nuoun nun noun unr4w H.nxua-on ?Menu. .

Ho

 

2.88me 

 



 

so that if on. think: on. his tho tull to: tho rilo
in lung canto: incidonoo in smoking. it is likoly no other
count: will it looked tax: I

to) uny inoroao- ln concurs at tho stomach
und colon hould ho nsskod by the otho: long-torn tronds in canon:
incidenc- st than. alt-s (down in tho staunch. ptobahly up in the
colonJI'thoso long-tozn triad: Ira usunlly nutrihutod to dietary
or unknown stators.

Earthy: tho lasso: to ho lasso-d tron tho Ilbalt?l
story in that I major public hoalth alloIt-r on: duvolop while it:
olxly manifestation! lost by bolas attributtd t: outs: tactorn.
this would support tho Izgunont that tho Ilrllo: Intimato: to: la-

tustriolly :Illtod cahoots may ho dot-ptlvoly out

. such in?oxuntlon as the asbestos situation has now brought to on:

ottontlon.

11

a my 





 

?60003945

 



 



a 

. 


'5

 

   
    

aka to Asbestos with than ?ve 46th:!"
atancaa

Comnariaon 
gh-mmeaun EL

11:: Tabla 2 an hava tabulatad data an carcinoganie risk:
with mam to xiv. nth-r substancaa to which that.
luau-lean accupauanal to: comparison with can-ea-
pendnq data an aahaatoa. rho tabulation la ninth: to that pro--
aunt-d in rat.- but incorporatu xacant. data what. avail- 
abla. and is limit? to tha ?batman and cancer 3.11:" to: which
aha but data are available an both 'axpelura and. ralativa :iaka.

The first three: columns in Tabla 2 11a: tha aqua-t. aha
a?oat-1d aunt, and  chum-d :1ak sauna (R) (fl-um Tabla 1
in :ar. 7) . the fourth calm lists the age?adjusted incidanca
(I) a! cancer at the sites in quastian in ms. malas (from gata
pnsantad in tha ?irt! Rational Canca?: Sway. rai. ma
?iguzaa tabulatad an tho aga-adjuatad incidancaa in males Eva:
20 yaara of age, moat occupational axpoauxa starts at'
around that aga. Tha ?fth cuppa llata tho aatinatad mmba: 02
1:631:13: (m to 1:13. Zahamical in 1912-74 (tram at. 13,
darivad Iran: 1:11. (?atlan?al Occupational lazarc?. Sunny, rail. 20) .
Th: nataa ta fabla 2 giva {us-that inclination about annual.
including amniu of data tram tha moat dailnitiva atudica of.
nah. and {antenna to anon caucus at sites othu: than than
listed in  1:31;.

1th. last column in hle 2 liau valuaa of the quantity

(n-lam. m. in tin mung: rumba: a! maestmaerl that would







 

up unused-n do moan" vu_u vamnvr?uon on pha- z. guru-on no 
"Bar 5 ?van. "run a: nu. nono?uw nounurnwou.
unnuomnr ?you. humans. pro ?Hana unauoanwnuu on an. uaHU?nu on
nan-nu ulna-nu no no wanton-n an nu. sumo-.0 tour-?u. ?rum In.
nawnropw no r. macaw-n I-np?hnn- on human. ?run-n sand-uhuu. .
non tad-nun alumnus. .
unnuhru nun scan ua?onnuun ?apnea u. ?up? ?run In: anal

unnuhonu an ?an Hannah: ou.ounouu an 099% nuo.oosonn an
2 tour-nu. .u-n-nuu on ??nned-nu an nus nun unuuon
mu lava-Ia tonxanu pun oultanxonu unuuonm ?a pans-n an
saw on. ?but t?ww u. up?unnw "Wham Frau-H "an: 2. an. non
nspavpo~.nui nanny agar-H on tour-um tun un?i n4." unnu.nuuoupn
no usuanp?ao no. urn. ?pain as. nauv.n.nmuuounpu nave-an.
nun: nu. nwnaunu nu annu- guano ?up nonoanunw
announ? ww npnnon on u.

an an non nuns non-on ?nun anal non pawn-nu.
an abun- un?nua 
anon urban". aw I alone? on nun. unonau- nun
aunt now who Lou-n unnunpun-u Fa uuvw- to". non?4un.uu na-
ua?a I. when. Mon unwounnu. ?unk BIN nan-Haunhann-
nun unnunn on npuu-uu punuwuannuH- no unwun-unnu.

an: aura? spun" ?urn nu wanna-nun woman. an.
pu upwwo nun us nunn nu uu-nunnuos- on annual ?pun-u

Pu

nun -- tilt nun: nun aunt unur lu-l u-I- cunt lulu inn! ll-' ?nu; 

 

>3oo8wm$ 

 

 

 


-II

u?a 

 

 

w. ?uid nun H-Hunkda nunwu a (dawn usurp: ?no ura-
lu "romp Humounln an ?no unuwnuuin unanhou nu.
tour-nu. uhqdu. 04.3 FM caveman-n upturn. as. can?. nan "nun
pa nmmac-qon w: reuaunpx_r. can". umnu own-nannwourp
run ?anon-nunuu ?unborn non suuauhun non-n-bmum1mm a an. van
mantra?. Ha run ?It. uudiaup on wul.u?nnhnu nun?_t?hnu ?an
?annual Pu ap?wr In. ulmomnun Idaupoo "Hurt bean
I gnu-nuunu-H on nun tauxyru. 9926..

uncanny onunn manna". ooucwwnuna nub pun-nononpnhou on ?an
nhnnuou an HHUHI u. MuoHannun urn van-unwlp non-annuunnu on
960mg.- .no own-H armor?sumac on.
HonHuWMun on. "union tun wrung are odinannpuhnn
unavai- om ?NH-Managua M- ?run .09. on .9. tour-nu unoupuwwu.
savanna sum and. wnuu Iguana?. ?Una "up tonxuu- nuoa_csoa nu.
"paw Hunuou a soup ouunnuvvww nunpqua.. Hon nan-n nan-ouu..
?to humans: uuonpn non v. wunaumnuwon In muonvun snaps-non on
hang?HI ?rum-nu. .35.. Pt wn ?Idea-VP. no annular nuns. Ea. . .. I

hid! un?ndan UK nun Inbi abnuon hon ulna-nu.

?an nro.nvnp sumatnhuqn.hu erupt can: nun" nu.

and. mum-n pmnunu.?ouonunu moan rhunumu nunhpun no on ?Minnow
?mun-.ru-mn um nun Inn on was roan 
?was manna no Hrvpo nu man ?up and. noauonbnu H. unocw -
?nun-an non Hutu. dunno. uuhuoa non unwounou. a: cunt-unhun .
nun. ?unwrap-on. an nuonun u. cams-upuon ?urn nu. nonuin upon":
duo unpuruw nun-u on powwow. Hunwauwou on an:

noun-a cannon ?nun-nu In any." Inna. tdapn Huang-u. nu-



258839

 

 



oomph-nan 

Hn wuouwn ct ?nun gnaw on an. ?man-nu nun:
Iva-upn Jinn nu unnupunwnuwn no unnamuuwow-P sumo-an. tonwn
rhaapnuuwrnuwu vs ?0 our." 
?nowhun. anon pun no. ownnupnpunnw unmounum nu
awn sauna ?run noun on ?3-3 tacks now and: an nun pun
nuan- on undo-nun. no nut? ?v.4 noupn much unodounon um
uucdaunhnu on Gonna-nhourv unmounun.

our." Nu monnudMuH who

nu no nu. uwdi.luuou manna: an a-vP- n? I
unauon on onumu manna. nun know-?nurw undo-nun. In: wmrsu on
aaunoanon nu mono Nauru ?o .auou-n sour-Mu.

:i oBMnH-n ?Hun spur. uzua<aupw Hanan. Panama nu cannunnkouuw
n?n?oa?u nun? .r a Eu 5. .322. Ea 
annuya an?. an autumn; "Hm?3 ?a much on go on .3an":
fu60u0m. Dunno: Bunyan. noun ?In uwnnr 
u?u?wo. 5n. ?Emu nun nun- s. an!? mu Ea u?unu on

..?dnwunu no ?Huanhauh In. anew-yum

.awm.Hrnn Ma. up. u-4Hotnn uuw Inna".
Mnonnhmurb.ru mum-Una on ?run-u an caucuwanunhw savanna.
?on. caveman. an wuotu ?a noun" non yuan
an ?wiaknupu. cunnauhopoupnnu run on.? unanno? on.nuo?n
ulna-n nu nan-u. can. Hunxuun on

sun. auburn ?a w. our.? unhonunuou. wh4a u-on

unmouwon an num Pun-unnuuc. an nun. noun - ?law nanny 

Hm



2.8883

 

 

 

-

a

min?II?

on? --L 




or all the ohamioala in on In?! boon tutor: for carcinognnioity.
Tabla lists a amino: o: have

boon shown to to at inornaud risk of one-:- at apooitio nit-s.

without apooitio gaunt! having haon idontitiod. 3.1-
though :iaklgatioa no anilahla in spot oi than, mos.' tho 9"
inpnaoinion o1 information on the authors oi workan in th- john
oonoornod ptnvantod on iron linking eatinatu ahoot tho author o:
1:13qu to bo_antioipatod'. 
In addition to ohunioal oaroinogm. occupational moon:
to radiation is known to be a aignifioant oaua'of most in 13.8.
wothara. Groups at rink holudn naiologiatl. uranim minus,
work-u in the notion: industry. parlonnol anon-4 to
radiation inon nuoloa: ?pinion: and to nuolna: weapons, air-
onws. and persona working at high altitnou. Forlorn working
outdoors such as 'fam.workorn and ?tinhomn are subject to' in-
creased risk: of akin oanoor anooiatad with solar radiation.
Wt ham not attonptod to nah; numerical Iltinntas o1 oxpeotad
canon: incidence in than occupationa? although many millions oi

wot-knot an at proamptivi' 

0

Consecuonot'; of Present-nag most?; 
aha utinataa oi' potmtiui axons canon: mortality that

are liatod in Inhii 2 as: projootiona oi' the gang oonuquanoon
of 29; oxposutoa. ontinntu of sick rationr list-d in hblo
2 an dorivod toot: otnoiu publish-ad hctwun 1547 and. 1978,
mostly ainoa 1966 who ?tinted outbox-a o: work-:3 axpond
aza dot-ind no}: {sunny in 1372-14 {20) . me anticipated onus:



15

AP0000895 0

 



I

 

cums: incidents are than upwind to be abumd 1n the nut:
doudn. and cauld maul than mently Occurring and
to :11: went: in quasi-Jen.

than is that occupationa- mum to ?wad. of.
then squats bu bun :14qu stun stud!? duvelopin'g th-
rink gaunt" ma yublishna. zxpasue to ?but?. haunt.
ooh om militant and vinyl chlorido in: hum unit? although
not simian-d) by racmt osn :agulntionl.
rhu- $5 also avidnnul, tun-71:. that not :11 1:11. min:

occupaeianu curbqu haw bun alumina. or #11039an in
high 2. that in ted-.1? napalm. to undo. win.
niakcl, and. my patrolman pmducts. Host a! the caucus risks
re?nanced in lelt 3 remain uncontrolled because the ?mauve
ngentt hurl not been ?mung. A nub-i a: important occupa-
tion-.1. group: {suck I: agricultunl timid marinara) hlv. not bean

tang-uni}: sways: in: was: cancer risks. only a. hudlul a:

1:11. 221 chuniici?ls fadegsiuv- ~13: mammal. mini: and.

avian-d by the 11.31: (I) burn bagn "quilted czrcimguns in 1.115
11:: workplace. Anon; thin-not 'r'equlnted 'qxe I. number a: m? I

orgn?ii chants ta wyich than is widesprud accupntienal

aspen?; 1-3131: ?nial: hum not haul in pruduczian to: lung annual:
puma.- to: risks to ban-bun Idintiticd by spun:-
logiul stadiu- - 

I re: ruhltc [fancy-pupa". 11: would be vary Quinn. no
cha. nun-1:11 ?ti-hiatus.? yuunthl camequanus of presum-

ing was?. to casings?: :Ln thu- Such giant?





"?u-II?pu-u-r?d-uu-I?D

Apobooas?r?s 1

 

 

I 0 

 

would. houavar. raquira nunorioal data on tho axtont and
intanaity or exposure. and.on ?ora-rarponaa ralationahipr in
oxparimantal animals. It data'vara availabla, pra-
diotion o! tutura ?onaaquonooa would :aquiro quantitative attra-
polation tron animal raaponaar to man, In our View. axiatinq
mathooa {or such axtrapolation laava inouoh quartiona upon con-
oarning their so as to oaka or unwilling to attanpt'
largo aoalo artinataal?- particularly in tho aboanoa of axpoauro
data. nanoa. "a can say nothing firm about tha aagnituda o!
rutura rink: attributnhla to tha peasant-day ax-
poruraa. I

I Thorn is no ovidanoa, however. that thoao risk: are aub-
stantially loll than the risks rarulting from capo-urn: in the
rooant part. Although aavaral of tha moat important known oar-
oinogana hava boon oontrollad, othara havo not: many oaroinoganio
and potentially carcinogenic chanloala are still in 0.5.
uorkplaoaa; the total voluna o: apathetic organic ohonioala 
only one

of the thousands of ohamigala introduoad into oommaroa in the

produoad in tho v.3. continues to inoroasa rapidly.

past 30 yaara.provaa to ho aa asbestos, this could
auirioa to maintain comparable rataa or 
oanoar to: daoadaa into_tha intura. In our viaw,'any ooholaoonoy 

about tho tutura oonaaqoanoas o1 expoiora to un-'
charaotarirad chamioala would be nnjuatitiod. 

18

AP00008952

 

 

 

3:0 wpnunuuap4o runnannrnu
our-n stun nun rs shun no ounparuo nu. mouunuuo aoanuwuanvon
an annuuhnhouhu .uuonnunu an wanna apun-n known-unn. vpnuosnu

noun. no can ruuswpnun. up: than upon nonapwwu nan 
In Hanan.n:u and. noun aura kahuna-ku mu unann ?urn ono?u-I





ulna-n- n-uuon no anuauwnuwpu 
awn nhunu nu no curve?: ?ulna: ?a ?burr 
Hanna-un- nou Pu nun a.u. awn mansion" 
nu aun- nurn an nuhnnuu (In: wa?ou?nun opens: on . 
nunou?. an.? gran-u Manhanunu swank? UI Manual-Hun 
Hour-nnpuu nu. Faun-run Pu ?no unaunn nun pnoauu on nuunwnuwn 
ounruha nu Haonun manna-u. Ha n-nn ?nu.
unannoun unnuu. ?no nonnwunln yuan-pun Ha gran-Hmwununnunn nun 
HI nouoHu an. no Mann-hunu.Hu ?nun arson? rum
own." uanwkuauunpunom o-un.u-. an ?up .nuoxhun Inuwunnaw ?pun-nu
pun ununnuonon ?nun ?us ?can?. nun unnanaun F. ?van nun oqnupuw
known Pu non-nun" on.a4du uvhaunpu annunluwsn.
draw. In. nodiuiu nukunwou Pu aura I?anuunnu
w. :23 Ln um- F?wmmar .mmue??ou on sanun?o 33:5
nu-nhn-Hw hm.Woo Hanna" mo u. "cannon-u nu nann-uu ?pun-n unrnpunwnn.1

u. are hunuopuo uh on uwuwuouhn- "noun on :uhnw

nu- uonnuwhnp announce-u.? ha nu. u-Hwon Huootpmma HIM supp unai 
anon nun-on um unannwunnu an panama?. no can." 

nw-apnrwa. naucwawnn ?was hnauodanunnu Mu nhnnunnunp ?cannon-
.?Funupnon. an uunw. we medians-nu nonawmnuou. ?nun-nu. no uaqauru
n-Hnnuonouu urn upon nonaomn Ha nun-pa Mirna.
undo-nu. no our." now-unnrp nunou nu annuau annual



?panama onnwwon. no ?sauna can." ?wunu on noaun

Hm

2.833%

 




h? 


0-m- q?aI?e?

a. a
.

 

The predicted tune-quanta a: reduction in exposure to
?old? carcinagens Ind increase in exposure to {new' carcinogens
in with whet 13 observed: an increase in tenant at
some lites and 1 decrease at nth-re.
3. It :11 the ?snakinh-tcleted' iron the
in eophietry. nt Inlet two a: the site: in questinn
are preeinely these in which tenants
ens beet recognized. Blur at the tenant: should
be simultaneously attributable to teeters. On
a net-cnpitn hnnie snaking nanny adult: in decl?n1n9:nnd this
should result 11': denline 1n the ?anking-rented cancers -- but
none of thin in sector-d in when :11 ?tucking-relatea' center:

are removed iron the tutti. the snaking-related cancer: ere

not total nge-idjneted cancer~4nninenee in the-U.s.

in inert-wing n1: snore than 1% per  (37the snaking-related tinters, L.e. those in

the lung, pnnerene, and bladder. nre nttrihutehle t5"innking.

.J. Even it I libernl unis to: risk, the tran-

tion n: anng tanner incidence not attributable tn tanking in
intruding and total tenant-n penith industrially tainted. have
I been inczuung nan :npidly in the last several years 
i in an. decndis_?m use-2a ismpointed out enrlier, the anion nubile health
impect n? asbestos?reinted 1: just beginning tn he re-
?1e=ted in ovnfell cancer Itntietiee, despite 3? rent: or henvy

annotate. One nhnula her?ly expect more :ecent ndditinne tn have

unnun gzent etzect already.

20 .



 

 



 

. nonnun rmvnounw nu no aoauLur unborn wanwnouu- Kl Hun
pun :dalu. an arc can-an ?run savanna. no nuanhnuw alunpnon-uu
onnmnu-w nu oaau?-nhouu ?u tuhnu unun_?onxouu who non :ouou Hypo.
nub. uuonpn an unnwonhun Pu an wannanuno
?nun ?haunt Pu Hanan-uni? an arc ?so aux-u. an?: unusabuu coup?
"nun no unavoun nun nonhnud on HununnHF-H "For.

an. nhnn-nluno w: Mu ?Inn nun-H439. sans-nununnm

n-unpu wunpnpunn nu nunrann Pu nun-u ?urn nu usurp-u In oqauu
nua?nn upni nan-u? nu. asap vwrnann pun numuown ?Huu. Hu urn-
nhanpnn. known-non Ha Hana uhu?ou Pp anus. ?urn an markup: nu nun
w-H oonuu-nuounwvu nappu-a Pnuuv Fwd-H. wwnunm.

.

unannouanPa uwunna run mantra. annular pun nub: r1
anon. ?any.

zoal?wnwoun. Ewin- Pno luau 3.3.6 Pu nwwu "on.
and cave taurouu_rn?? acumnruwhuw do 
vpnwoumu Huh: tank-nu nonunH-un unonoukuunn nu nupuhn-H anus-
u-ann?wun rum unuau :uwru ?nd. Foam coon tampons? an
piano uma?wnu pu_thum wunuunnw tuna. wanna h- uaU-nbunwnw ox:

unadum.nm n.a. nun nunhua ahrv uuhunnuu.
awn nn-anhon on annautuhou-wa.unurnon n-unnuu a: (can: arm

Hana-run an ?opu- nu- no Faun-papa nauuownoun on gonna
an twin. ?you In. onto-on no aqua uoaunauciu
wr4i ?aura-n onnumunwnuhw sumo-cu. no soul nlunwuonnuu

nupn unann-H tunwkun 

 

a. "sauna nu. you. In I taurvvunl. Idon an an null non nupw
spunky nu. on 0mmr.

NH



2.888:

 

 

It would claarly ho valuabla to naza a rigorous comparison
between omployad and navar anployad woman. but ouch a study would

-ba difficult to conduct and intarprat or tho many con!

sounding.variah1as. In our View. thara is nothing in tbs-groan
cancar statistics for tho U38. population which is 
with tho hypothcsis that up to 20-th or all cancars (or will
ha in tha naxt savcral dacados) attributablo to occupational

factors.

nalasiog hgt?ecn Occuagtional and nth-r Contributing factors
rhasa astinatas do not diminish tho inoortanoa or othar .

contributing factors to cancar rink such as smoking. dict, and
parhaps urban-rural diirsranoaa. While much of the data on
occupational canccr risk in this papa: door not
spacirically considar factors such as smoking (aroapt for asbastoa)

and dict. it in also fair to stata that tho pravailing body oi
data linking smoking and dist with cancar risk d5: not adequately

consider the contribution of exposure to occupational carcinogcns.

. Eris is largaly hccausa the soiontitic nathodoloqios

do not facilitata.adcquata considaration or all contributing
singla study or approach. Until rcoantly cost
scicntists did not taka into account tho nultipla atiolooias Ind-
tha nulti-staoa natnra of canoar. 1n ratrospoot. it is Iikaly 
that oancar risk is a inaction or nultipla intaracting {actorc.
rant assosnnants. unfortunataiy, railod to cousidar
adaquataly one or the most important. and risk

?actor, nxposnra to carcinooanic coonts.in tho uorkylaca.

22



 

 



 

non 
aw. canvahn-u on anuunu unuupuan-upa no conga-?Moupw pun

noun". qnqan roan arunun Us duct-n In unpunnun an ?up unvonr
nauknhau ?urn nuhuu do mnm?pu? unto-u. Wu hunch. 
Hun nun-In on Each E..- n??uwc. :Fu Enu- nnpu an. argon 
wnuunnwun no arnnun "Par. Ha anon than-whoa. puw,unnanunrno
unnoaunpna on nounuhunnhun no arboon lacuna. Hana.
an mung." ?manna. on. noun-unapn- on upsurge. mung":
nun" nun Us usuamon no ?run ti nun noun-run ?up unaniu on
nun-na- pn nuns": nounupnhoun. Ha an. woos vacuum nun" unououn
An% par-anon tour-nu run in union Hunk ?Jun outh-n tdwwonn.
no woman. Huuxu.pnn ?cum-anon" shaman. pa onunu

run In than.

run nonnwanpouu .
H. as. aunpann-u ?and cave M: an an on nanny ?manna. nu;

who dawn.? nu. unnupuanrupo no undue-uponpw u-nnou- uu<u

nun anon henna-unon sun and. ahunvnn non

. aqua 

u. .xwun.nruwmnu did. FR 9. I unnunnhoal

nun onuaw nun now an wonukua naunnuu ?recap-u on orunnu

chow crunch no an oxnpanpdi auburn

onuur.
a. Icarus. ?Inn-n prawn-no. no unnouapw mow-un-ad an in:

run anon nun-non on Baa-nun. nun van-au- auun agnom oonah
Hun. an Hnuo. gnaw nan-nu ovum

I IHIHH on ?manna. about na<uHuUHua ophwau.

um

.51! I full: .



.H a 

588%3;

 0-. 



 

1- -
rho?r- urn-u.? - 

 

puma-nu- no Inca-no. nu Hanna-Pun Hanan an
an. do Ethan nan-nu 050'?. aura?- Fu nu. 5.83 "an: nun-bun? .
"up. 10:99 nouns-noun no Marmara Panama on ur- nanny ulna-n aunnuwu
ouvoa?on. uh Eu Union.

a. alumna-UH..uHouoanuon-.on ?unmannun- noun-anounor on via?
auvonauo nu cud-VHp-u-n Inna-nun ?urn In non-n and.
on .53 up?. vs noun-hug. an ?rah non-H Runaw- no paw-anon.

a. uncu- unduonnpouu gun?ght-n Guam-?0395 Hanan-n
Bun-Nu Ila. nonuni- -- Inn"? on no. an Hour on En."
.aouurwnwu nu nonaunoahsa canto-a. vuvpunuu pummu.?mww vumulwpu 
am an Putwua. run nu. and: #5 apvvo unnumwn In Horu? .
Hoasuo- noun. anon. saw. no non unawamn Inunonu on ?unk-nunau
non nun-own aununn on any." rants ornahnup nunnvuonunu.

q. savanna. no noun on nun you. Mabannpuu annu-
u-nnoapw nuunwumuouu vs. coon ?cannon nu Mao-an Minna. urns.

IthH Eu: slavish Eu. uh. touvaan-u
banana on Gouda-dwouu In. we ulna-u "purl
agar up: non ?in us:? pw?munpnn no noun"?

a. Huang hm no no wanna. ?run ?an undon-
nnununaounmu.ru anon-ununnm pxuouuna Mu nun :onwu
Upton (?aw an nu-u anon: on name-an. an nun nonnud?upun.

u. aura-nun pun vacant 95.nonuu nuunpn 
ha d.u. In. non-wunlun than my. Havanrouhm warn
oonum-uuoanHMau-H-non apnoea. - nan-?nunu-H run an:
nu-runun nn-nnbou an ?only ?nun-n Hanna-boo.

up

2.88%3

 

 

 

 

 

.

 

1.

4.



10.

12.



8166:8303. J..1959.

3., tad unis. c.s. 197s.
in clucadating the inpc:tan=o a: zactors in
6:36;: Dutlctien and 

1 hszuxdeul seei-uy? Individual vu?lus

clue-r.
HIGGIRSOH. J. 1976.

6

J. rubl.

logical Ixtxgilc.

n. 1977.
mun.

COLE, P. 1977.
npidcnidlogic 
on pg. l801-13081..

DOLL:

COLE. m4   
:1 High a: Canal: Extuneni. 
0d. Act toss. aw .

TDHATIS. 1.. AGTKE. 13323CE. 2.. IUFI. 3.. MONTESANO. 3..
5335:31. 3.. WILIEI. 3., sad J. 1978.
a: tn. ca2c1nag?nicity a! chemictlan
Hanoquph P=ogaaznt (1971-71).

sunmxorr, ana.csdaa. 156:. Alb-Ital
cxposuxc, sucking and 

294.196-112.

lesnnt t:nuds in enact: cpidnniology.
true. Gland. Gina-t Caner. la4d-75.

t3 responsibility in :anca: 
loalth 56:355-366.

WYNDER. 2.3.. and 6031. 6.3. 1377.
tion a! th- to ctnanr incidonct:

due-etien_e? enact: to
Fltuzc 265:589-596.

Ind occupatien:
canon: 

Alarming, and DOLL. n. 1961.

ganoais. 2:06. 6th lethal-y Symposium on Hath-naticnl

Tho role a: Ipidemiology



Guilt Editcrill: Contribu-
ln npidinia-

and none: at

Occupltian. no 

Evaluation
A roviaw a! the ran:
  

J. Aunt. and. Assoc.

Stochastic mad-13 in: etrcinosuntistica and Iaobnhility, val. at

6111192351 truss, 

aura: or IEALEB. anucawzci AND ?21:332. 157:.
as a: Sncxutl=y abs-pk a. calistno. 19:11 25. 1973. 

3.3. 

IHTERRAIIDHEL AGENCY POI 13523363 03 GAHCER. 1577.

Stitc-



an tn. a! Ca==i=ugnai= links at to 

m. V61. l?lubC't?l-
rznneu.





a. pp. 



AP00008959

 

??M-Il-?u-un-mh-

ill-H I?n 

an15.

25.

 

SELIKOPF. 1.5. 1978. rape: prasentld at meeting a: the ?aw
for]: held-my of. Science. June 1373. -



SELIIDPP. 1.3. 1973. 0:11 tasttnany at public buzzing: an
0583 9.11an: an?: policy. Jun: 1.. 1.978.

sszxorr, 1.3.. Ind zannoun. 195:. nub-sens-assucixt-a
discus. in Unitud Status CL 28:57-93.

1., 1nd BINDERSOE. 3.3. 1976. Occupatiantl diituruncns
in tutu a! lung uncut. cam. and. 13:197-801.

LASSITER. 1975. In Oct-u tum-ml. Clt?in? an" a (all. IT.
night-ti Ind J. manner). m. 3.2. Mad. Sc . :11.
'1 I

BRJDEORD. I. 1913. now norirons in occupational madieinn.
?attannl instituta a: Oetuantional Saint? and nualth.
naval. . Mina. . .

HAEIGNAL CANCER rusw:wu&3. 1975. third Rational Cantu: Survey:
Incidence dru. an. Cum-:- Imt. Lumen 41:1-454. (5.3.
?til: ?nd 3.1..  star 

RATIOHAQ INSTITUTE AND EEALEI. 1977.
Nntionll Occupa'ticnal lulu Sunny. V91. 11:. Survey
13:13:15 and Tablas. (3105:) Public:-
tion No. 7l-114. Cincinnati. Ohio.

:33. 3.x. and FRAUHINI. JR. 1953. Armani: Ind respira-
tory emu: in men: 'An occupttienal study. J. Int. omen:

Inlt. 423104 5.1052 .

mama, 3.3.. MESH. 1.1.. WAG-DEER. J.V.. Ind YOUNG. La.
1977. Link-nil 5.3.5.05!qu writ-rs. manna-Ta. July

9. 1577. 

3mm. 'litfh'l'l. emu Spocuic ?ea-ulnar of can. Him?.
.7. Occup. -

1.1. rm. 3.1.. my. and MILLER. 
1969. can: morality mug ahuiltl. .7. ?at. emu:
Inlt. 433115941?. --

ROBIZLR. RIIEA-SISRO. BERNIERG. 5.. KARIVE. 3.. 33331333. 3.
and WIN. H. 1978. 1. nrunty stud a! hunk: anthers.
8cm. .1. Work avian. Hula}: zuuypl. . 73-39.

SON. 12.3., mm. 1.3.. an: merou. 3.11. 1977. Lung
canes: m:ulit in tanner. J. Occup. Hod. l9:

  

Anabooaub?

 

 

 

21. noss. z. and LIE. v.1: 1974. Occurranel of azal and pharyngall
in tlxtilu Hark-:3. Exit. J. Ind. and. 31:224-232.

28- m; ?4  Lac.  Unusual
Egtgtiiggn-xporieac- a! printing p:assn?n. a. nanny. 3:4.
I - . -

29. mm; Jon-p KILLER, 3mm: 1.8.. 33.. IMMII Jun??
53.. In! I313. 8.3. 1553. Unununl enact: mart:lzty among 
a groan a! undl=gruund miners. Haw tag}. a. and.

3D. mum: ?mmo; .030 Ind  3.3. 1976- Cine-r I
prititncn among Hark-3 . In accusationnl
Carcinagunalis. -lzds. U. Snsliatti and ?agnnoa) 135.
No a I

31. LEMON, 3.1.. 13!. 3.3.. 3.1. In& IEZJBR. I.P. 1975-
- Cl??lt Inna: aldniun graduatiun In
Occunltionll Carcincalnliis. (Ida. U. Bittiatti and J.

nqonax. . 3.2. Act . Sci. 

32. 157E. enact: nortnlity yntternl 1n the leu? ta-
'dust:y. In Cnrninaatncsis. (Eds. u. altiiotti
tad J. Haganlr. . . act . . 71?2505253.

Hanson. lad uzxano, 1.x. 197?. Hartnzity among rabbi:

HorkI:I: I. Whit: all: union emplaycil in Akxaa, Ohio.
Jg  

3.. psnzas:x. 2.. and a. 1973. Canal: oz
:nspiratory Incas ut I nick-1 :r?inczr in
Norway. Int. J. Cl?Cl: 12:31-41.

35. noun. 3., IDRGIN. 3.6.. and satisza, 1.3. 1970. cane-r: a: eh.
luggagngannsal pinning in nicknl wurkazs. Izit. J. Cane36. zuwz?ax?z. 197?. auspiznzory enact: among =h=enato Hatters.
II. Gwyn: Eld-  

. 37. u. 197:. aunt-dint to: osga hllzingl.

I..197l. seltuunnt pxopnzud in:
0521 h-13ingl.


I

a
 - I

I


4c. 331320?. L.A.-1977. A dicta ecrti:?cnec gully-1: a: nasal ann-
cn: than; turaitu30 Hark-:8 in Earth Ca=uliaa. Dance: lat.

37:3473-3474.

AP00008961

 

 

 

41. K. It ll. 197?. Lnukenia tn she. chronically
.390305 to lload 44:837-841.

42. 1111101131. INSTITUTE FOR OCCUFATIDHAL SAFETY AND HEALTH. 1975.
. Grit-:1: to: I Iguana-nan: stand-rd: accupltionll exposure
ta inorganic lenntn. Nutiannl Institutn for Occupatiannl

laxity and Hillth. HEW Publiglticn Ho. 75-149.

nuckvillt. Haryland.

it" _u - --

'29"

Inn 4-. .- -



 

 

 

$8131





Inca-Mod in. ad; I. can nautical a: an on was?: canon:- 12:: rd. 

(Ballot-l to 'I'Ihlc 

 

 

30

Chain: 9: Id: In! We -- n1: nuns-d so.
mum?s. a! can: but at "am:
nae-u mm? in Jun mom placid in mi.
mamr mm, It?: 023.1. Lab-p II
causation-u? nun?
?nuan- Ouemtiaun nun-r 'lahduion, 3.00
phony}. lid-u. an}.
lanai: ?mum. . nu. lung. mum. . 
mound! u- 1.1qu an, on: 1,500,050
man
must:- Decnpnuml Lung. ylnu- Inhalation. 1,600,060
:11 unity. 6:11
um
um. Wuhan). .m man-Luau. a
windward . nun. on}.
mucus: . [mid- mum. 1,900.5?
. . - mime dd:
. - 
mum mm In? mugging, 2.2M
?in. cm.
313th Gum-um:  manual :1
Ithyl) Ital:
caesium using was? Wan. 1,400.00:
MOI no 
{1 cabin- in.
adds} .

In: 


 

APO-0008963

 

again}. a: nun m. 12:01: and: hunt-a In.
manual 91' can? Muu a! a: ?saints
nae-u uptown" a In: mend in 0.8.
Mumhm- Indiana]. nutc- culp Laine- a
at yet-1:1: nan
um
mummy}. Del-unusual taps A
man ?has
61min (slum- emitting?: ma, uni. militia 
mu prc-n?ucinq mun?. (chromium
oaths)
eyeipphupm- mucus; war.- and. nice- . 
laid: an
Indiana: 02ml. G311 a
"gin:
lama.? Oms?am mg mm: 1.9 ,cad
lining
I?mw. Ind 373- 4
911 w: 
3.13mi: mama. Imte- om. :lnjoe- a
pain.? um 

ma gu a:qu .. my. a
1m: 
d??u?atiannl nude: In?ation. 1.uuo
as.? skin. on].
niche. mum-1 Ind ?11- Inhalation 1.400.900.
(mm) tan 1m:
wwu- 31:44:: 9:31 a

Melon- mucin?. an: . a
mun Indian-1 litany on; 
31



 

 


r-l

 

 

 

93.95 on in a. Hind-n Ila Huang-n so.
Hannah-P nu can-.5 . nuan- on on annulu-
unoa-o- gonna-r an :5 ?ing-n uh Pu.
urgency Eng our?. haw-nu 
nun-u can ..
nua- .
noun. ?5 nanny-?g. Ea. Ea. .E-nma. Illa
In 05.. 5455-3; Iguana urb?
Eel 3.35.? Ewu?ou. 930.93
. . g. 
Hana

 

run- Jain an sumo-an- lh?oann nun nun!-


we? lb? noun-u. on
?one; an?.
End: 91.035.
5.500 ?gnome-n. Eu urn 
0:0. on tour-nu inun-

B?nn?- an
in an abut-u. unkno-

B?n-?u nun-B Ia. and w- ar. 35?

Eb. at. 
03.5.. proud tour.?

we #597 absent?..on worn.

an: .3. any Eur gnu-nan

9503.9
nhnuonuho daud Panda ran along-pun

v;
. .I. .


u"

Inna.? ?958%.
taboo-n no lynx-P



.
.


 

25882?

 .

 

3 

mom RISKS ASSOCIATED 000010210031.
WWI 00141311303 Hus-m: HID
0m nan-M0003: SWIM

 

 

Chute-.1 lit-cud nil): Age-Idij0 3301:1000 H0. 
Sub-tune- onm nu. Instance of Hath-n
m? 100 .000 curs-0:1!
an.? mm m?
.9 :0_yn mi;

Ash-ta: Lung. primary 5.5-1: 110 1.000.000 ?so-10.000

and .

mun
num- Lung. pleural. 0.05 110 1.000.000 10.000

and mutual

103011001310.
muta- Inelath 1.74 0.0 1.000.000 250 I
mans: Stomach 1.74 20.: 1.000 .000 400
Ash-ms colon/nan: 1.0? as 3.000 .000 000,
Mimi?I: manages-y 3-0 13; 1.000.000? 330044.000

tract
mun: kukm: 2-5. 17.0 0 .000 .000 350-1400
My: Ill-phat?? 3-9 a. .500 .000 7 .000-10 . 000

um ..
mam madam ngptaui-Ev 5-1.0 1.000.000 1.300-1s.500
tile: 

292010010! Lang 3 2 1.10 3 . 000 .0005 0 . 1.00
1:30-0:00- (1-13) .
13:03:03.0;
nannies!

 

I'm 21:. 7 unlit: ?hum. qu03 In 0.1.30 ?was new below.
13:! ?it 

PM at. 17. ?and 3:00:03. as

m. :1 I

1? :05. 3.0: u. nous 

:03 42

?1

33

0900000966

 

roughly encthe: one third at 3,;90 due tc neecthelicme to: 

excees'ceicere in the respizetccy treat, based upon the cheecved

 

NOTES TO TABLE 2

en. tigucee in: risk retioe listed in the table are dxewn
tram the tebuletien by 661. end 71. lhe notes
below prdvide dete dcewn etch the principal publish-d

relax-nee: it: each substance. .h

ASSISTOS
number at Heck-ct potentieliy expo-ad: About 1,600,000
nick latices 1.5 - 12 in: lung, plencel end peritcncei
tescthelie 
Projected number c! center: pt: ycer: 13,960
Exam the studies at Seliket? (act. 15] the :eletive risk
to: lung cence: each; esheetce-ineuleticn workece in the v.3.
is cheat which ac: ebcut an: o! thcic acethe. 1
turthez 7% 0: cases etc due to neecthelicmee which otherwise

occur rec-1y. Agpiyinq the 5.6-ic1d increese in lung cancer to

I

I-d
-- tu-U -.. tune an. Ill! l-Il uni line an-

1.6 million expceed workers 10.400 excess cases with
total 0: pe?sieec. rzcvieicnel pccjecticne 1c:

reletive risks in Seiiknti'e study {15) use given in weble 2.

engage

Number at Hacker! potentially eapceedx about 1,500,000
nick antics: to: reepizetccy tceet centers
numbec as excess cencecc pee yeez: 1.300 

In end rceuneni (tea. cvelueted the ncctelity
expecience c1 l.047 white nele smelter exacted to arsenic

34 

Ardoob?967

 

 

um ?than. who Haw-?V4. "nun tub



unwouhno puma no Humu. mHuP?-u tour-nu tuna woman no and.
nun-n:ndwn nuns-u as ?Hon pup Banyan-noun also.?
ona?wuun no vouuwnnhon nannuop macaw. onau v-Hn on
?you. ?u ?an uncnm can. tuna-nu no run-aha ?an. aura
Ho Hounn. an pron. oxen-on new In wo-un nu wanna nun ?enact-n
an ?up. an: r. nuupuun no urn puunoupnpnopu 
touwonu sumo-on no Inunuun. an an unnuoonln ?urn wanna 4.uaa nun-u-
arson". o-nw ?urn emu anus?. an nuo?un v. nonna.?unn ?no
cannon ?an: away savanna. no ruuoawn are an wnmwaoannm um na00ucnnu
no onuou candy-nuonnw awoannuwu. guns n. auras" nhnxunn.

ma?a-and no shunnuo up. rP-o coon unuaoupnon tuna nan-nu
nhunanu on was ark: pun whee? he.? manna nu. non 

raup.



 
     
  

za?vou cn tankinn vowuunupvww an 
uhux nudge-u nun 


unnuooan Dunn-H on can-nu urban" Una warn.

H.hoa
r.unmn% u% Huanunn. urn-aw. minus-n onua ?nun. nu.
oarahuua nu. noun-Hana gnu-Hanan. on dour-H. mama-om no anus-u-

nuon no.0 no wu.u. munnpn nannuu ur.x.ou nupnw

.-anH IPP Husk-thu tau av-audoa ?cam-non no nounHoHu n4 ova-Hath

cu. Ivonn qu-nnmnu. an?: ununu noun-ununn nu 
on "?ux uwuno awn um? Hand 00 ?unwacav Mu nu. In?ow vouch-"Mon
tuna nun-um.? nu punqa nu nun unuwuunpo-H.nuuPMuua. aroma nuns

run nonununnun :wnu Havana. on punk-9h. n-rnuu

um

2.8833

 

 

 

 



i It lnalu 5 and nlzhapa a: uigh a. 9. Assuming that an avarall

 

among workars exposed to laald on than. tigural and

an asuiaatad occupationally-axpoaad pouulatian at about 2 million:
it is prejactad that about 1,400 aacaal laukanla may occur
dua tn banana. axposurc on tha duh.

CEROHIUH (1:10:10. and nth-z haxavalanu coupaunds)
Rumba: 0: Buzkara potantlally a and: about 1.500.000
Risk-nation: 3-40 in: nasal ua ur and linua. lung and larynx
vaujactad nunba: at axcaas cancars pa: yaax: 7.900
Saturllna (36) nutnd that uh. ovurall ralpizatory
canal: in a group a: 1.200 :hrenaua vuxkuzl. agal 20-64, who wara'
waxking son. tin._batwnan Januazy l. 1337 and Dicunhoc 31. 1540
and who Hera burn liter 1389.91: 942.6. SHR: 
ava: tho obs-rultlanal pa=lnd tram a high at 2909.1 in uh. lauarv11
tram l9?l-05 to a law a: 474.7 in 1956-60. Iran tha abavu, it
would sac. that a :aalanahla ultimate of the risk ratio for all

zaiplratuzy causata among workers axpasad to chromium would ha

risk a: 5 eanlba-appliad'to uh. apyroxlnataly l.5 million axaoaad
wu:ka:u, it is cauimauaa that about.7.900 excaas cancar canas night

occu: each year.

HICKS: (oxides) 
rumba: a: wurkars 1:90:00: about 1,400,000
- Risk :aule: 5-10 to: :aspiratury t:aut
numb-2 at axeass canears pa: yaar: 7,300
study 32 Fadarsan at al. in 1973 (34} obsa=ved

an ovarall excaas gaspiratar? caning increase a! 5.0 tale anon;

up

.I. u-u unni  Ill In.

35

AP00008969

 

 - . .-



I

 

nearly 2,000 men exposed to nickel. The highest rink (risk

ratio at 1e.ol was cbsetved in.unn titnt employed beicre 1930

and tnlluwcd in: at lea-t 40 years. Assuming that an averall

:ink :atic at about 5 to: all respiratcry can be applied
ta the_?pptuxinatnly 1,?00,000 workers exposed to nickel,
it is projected that abaut 7.300 excess respiratory cancers,
excluding natal cancen. will occur each yeac. Studies by Bell

document the dranatic ducteece in rink :rnn respizatnny
cance: when pneitivn acticn he: been taken to reduce nccupaticnal
exposure to nickel. Expalura tn nickel compound: in also associat-
ed with excels cancer: a: the nasal sinuses (7): thcsa cancers

are not ccnsidcred here.

ERDDUCTS AEOMATIC HYDROCARBONS

 

Hunter a! pctentiellynexpceed: about 3.900.000
niek nation: 2-33 in: lung cancer
chjected nunbc: of cancer: per year: 9.100

who ptgnattiee=c? petroleum pccductsi napecial- 
ly aromatic niq?g?arbcne have becn'vell atud- 
m. the-{cancer ratios in the range cb-crved in: take even and can Innkete in the England. ind"'
Japan exposed tn :35: which are contained in pccduct:
(Doll. alcyd. lanai. relaundar, Excel: lung cance: risk
rates have also been checcved 1c: in the 0.5. 
Lana well eppzaciated in tact that nan: cthe: occupational
groups are exposed to arcmatic including poly-
nuclea: actuatiee: this. qtnupe include nachanics. electcicians.

and in the printing industry. (Henck and Handczecn zed.

3
37



 

"nu-viva.?

 

1'11. risk 3:31:10- lung cancer in than group: rang.
tron thou: 2 to 4. who nunbu: of workers IIti?ltld to bc u-
pond to aromatic hydrocarbons. including polynuclm ?cuties.
18 than: SJOOJOO. Mining that In ?war-.11. lung men: risk
true at 3 can b. Iain-d to than wrkau, it is ?tint-d
that about 9.100 cxcus lung can?: anti-u such you might
occur in this group.

33

I


 



 

 






null-II .

?l 
- 

113;: 5.

dccurxszomaa anours xx 

CAHCIR IHCIDINCE 333 3233 WITEPUT
IDENTIFICAEIDN DP 1 SPECIFIC AEZNT a:

 

 

Inseam: 
Occupational ?raups Claclr SitItI) Incas: naport-d 33:.
Goal Hincrl ltauach 4o 23
ChuniIts tancrcas. 64 24
75
raundry Wo:kers Lung 50-130 25.26
Tnxtill ?arkars Mouth cud pharynx 77 27
Printing Dracula: south Ind 125 3!
(nawtpapcr)
natal Miners Lung 290 29
Cok- 31:9: intestinoa ill 30
pancroas .312
Cadmium rraductiua Lung, 135 31
p:us:lto at!
In?nitry 
Praealling Stanton. In :3
lluknuia 140
tax. Building ca 33
?I:Lin so
Tire auxinq' Lung 51 33
Puznituxl ?bah-:3 cavity gnu sinus-a 309-400 39
Shoe ?utter: envitf and sinusts, 700 39,40
Inukcnta 100 41
anather Hazkurs Iladdc: 150 7

 

Hate: With the possihln at tho lea: e:=ee:a tad lnuktmins.

thiza is no pctwenn the 03:33: cane-=5 lists: in this and

Elbln 2.



 

banana" u.

OH HHn?u.HOHhoszn
a?nn?w?Hazr? Hkuomd?h





Human nun." on E3 uncounhna urn-? noun-5w. muonpn?un on I 
pun-?a- nuux nah?.053 canny-anal. ?835. ?a ?Ransom-u- nannua It.
En on. ENE puns. urn Icahn-d: (out agape-n Isaiah?5 En 
u-Hunuco ?nun. Hannah nonu?hun no" nu. noun on an. Hun-?Man. nun nun?:
Human. 45.no- uou. uou-?do unan- u-hno. manna!" nun! nonunnu 5.5 
GE. 23 ?lunacy-u ?u?vuc?oau on was. run vonu In. 5. BE hunt! .
?won unba- uvuud an. uc?uoua on En run-HE .uu no man:
?win nu. lu-?uununn on non-??ow on now-nova.- kux up: .- 2303.qu 
.mnu? unpoqnhd lawn-ahowoavnuw aruu.nun.nuu ?nonhnnuonn on
nonopu on thy? an nonnanounn. 
nuna noun Havoc on caveman. an. apun?uu-na
raw-ado! ?ux-H. asap-?no? 5n aqua-?E. ?Hogan. .25 pug-u. 96 
.

 

run 32.. aura?rate. gnaw-?wont. and nuthuu?ao ?to
wind wanna-m. :55 Hanna 3 23505.5 on "wax sumo-?n. 
non guru-?no nan?nuann?uo EH95. on Sun ?run-u gnu-pun.- 5.9.
an. 9339.39.81 .9555 Hahn-Mum on yuan-nu Enup?nnwu? nun
:anx uocu?u union. on. gnu-?an on Havana. Mun gnu-an Havana.
ou EEG nun ?banana. ma: non ?Enronurunuouun.  
ruunnunhhdapu. gnaw-an uno 35E an banana": Ed on
Banana?: Paw-n un?- ua unru- suopw nun H38 H33 . awn unwound. .
"Haw "wan-hau- uu?i tun?awn nud- w-puu on 33an anion. an 5995
. Pu unadu- 
?on ?ravenous punk-H: .354: ?Punch-puny. union on 
can?.ng unwmnu. 3503b.? than. noun: on upon-"Han ?Hutu-an ?an.



 

 

 

.. >38molwld

 



 

 

 

"mahnu pun nova Hug-uh nu. n-pruco "Fax

non Hank-ah- nhu-u nuvnnpu. ?oranUm I work :Hnupu ulm Hanna. "you
noon-nun. no wanna. hu-uun-nanua Ina. Hulpu worn. nun-n ounces"-
Hwy. Hr. now-nuns Nauru non ouwnr-Pupk "anon: on 
nxuounn nun-an. rut-don. ?supra Put a?nhw Po K1hn1 wanna 
?was Hut. run "manna on a upunhua.uou ?we n-auhunan on nun accoudru
?hon vouunn nuunuuo pa?.

oar-u aunanahoponun-u much on "war. anon pun-nuunuou .30: ans?:
pun var-duou non Hrrwoaur arnwnEv una<uqonr. can nan run-nu apnoea
3mg Rhianna. tan-n and-n ?unk-EV". wanna?noun non nut-Hanna?:
on naunuupunnu H-nnunu-u:

Hun nan ounHanu u?un uundwm- nu. use panama. vouuhvpuunnou.
nounhucnwwu Quad-non nun: houuotnua name-nun on dinu phahn-n 
on ?pupa urn? nu Hunk nouuotrnn n-nupnhou on a noun "vacuum 

yuan-nun nun uharnw unaduan ?to auramuln on onan?unhourw lava:
nun-u t?uul ?Drown: and. van? noHHOtin.o?un nu nun-unow unnwon on
quOInuu nun-nu Hahn ulna-u on who 
Tumnn. pun Invent-whoapu Amwn+wunu Jun n-Habnn wuumv. sauna - nornuu
moan ?urn ?to mnvunn-ou rmgm.rrn ulna lava-on nun noun ?run Hanna
Auutuonuo rwauruuwu. nun wanna-non on unuonuupunaun Mann-pupa :unu ..
Mann's-Mun u-uuahau nanny nun "pan" on ovuwu?umpru manhon. um
Horn. paw-n nun-n cane-cur .Hundno Pnu. hand-urpnu on nun?:
npnn- ?Faun-n Faun noun-unonnvua diva-u non ?ouuahdn Hunk Mu non
unwunnk us. no pun "un?nu an ?pH-don awn-pun.
wwxnannh nru.pmn095nb u?.r..ru ?wdou um nun h9nn?nbna.nwnnun. Imus-
uo than on undnuhuw own .49? ?Hanna ?nun: Inn." ago-unuon nu nxduHu-H

.nxnunuowpnhou on ?up Munwn-mn- ?and. no away." ?no annou-



388811..

 



. . 

would justiriod. to givo on ootinoto o! 8-10! o: dootho duo to
prodtotod in tho group undo: study {?owhouoo ond lorry
1915). 

to: cannot at tho lung tho dot: hovo not hoon in such
oloor toohion. but :11 otudioo indiooto on 1n :olotivo :iok
to: tho poriod moro thou twohty your: oito: otoxt of oxpoouto con-
porod to 10-1! four: o?toh otort o! oapoouho. assumption of ooh-
otoht :o1otivo rioh would oppoo: to ho consorvotivo:l5oliho:: on:
loonoud 1978: rota ot 11: 1577: nowhouoo on: zoos? 1975: Knox oh 
1968).

to: uiohol. tho noin oozoinogonio hozood to: tho cohort tron
Filo: oppooro to hovo hooh rouovod'tzou tho onuizoaaoht ozouhd-ISJG
(boll. Hotthowo Ind Morgan 1977). thoro hos boon no
indiootiou thot tho rolotivo risk {or oithor lung concur or to: con-
oo: o: tho hos fo1lou ovo: tho docadoo tollowing tho
:oduotion 1h hozord (uo11 ot 11. 1970,1977} up to tho hoot 
ropoxtod ?o11ow-up ohding in 1971. 31:11::1y_ih tho Rorwogion study
.4iodoroon 1373). tho shootzgoduotioi in duo: on: 
oihoo 195q'1ornot 1: our :oduotioh in :olotivo :iok. In-
toxoot1ngly, tho vo1uoo to: tho :olotivo (ovorogo ovo: :ollow-
up to 1971 in both to: tho Holoh cohorts ho?oro 1930
and tho Norwoqloh oohott bozozo 1350 uozo oiuilot. opptoxi-
notoly 10-:old.

Ono would oouo1udo ?=ou two oaonploo o: 

oxpoouxo thot tho"op1tho1111 tumors Laduood hohovo noro liho opitholiol

tumors zolotod to rodiotion than to :olotod to ciao:otto smok-

ing. Exposuro to tho ozomotio amino: would soon 31:11:: with risk

5?3



 

 

526 uxuouun no." n-Hwhuu ?so  raw-n Hannah?. nuns ?up
tanwununn on or. want: nunnauoa-uu. can #3 an?. nuns-?hon nun
navHIa-nhnnu non ur- Ila wanna-udou rr?a ?inn arunhual
amuwu ?Hun nun Huang.

awn pram-unan ?mu-u on vow-<non nonnHFUan pund- no .I
anon nun tun-Pu annual-nun. ?wanna on tsunami.
I n-mn-n u. manna-n no pun.- unun - spun?. noun ?non nun-nu
nu?ouaw . mount. on annual. an. Hutu on x?hnu woman no
I nHEuuwHu tum-hon.? Enron. 5.5 aura-u. rum. 5.5 WuuU-vhpp?on ill
on ?nun-nuke? nonun-un aqua has. oun.?dnpm ?up 
gunman: no anon-pun 555 an. no ?60.75 not-u. In 
non abuw auhnuoupuv ?sauna (Far 3 I on .zuhnn-nouo Huqq? noon.
not. can 3553.5 5.3 .

and Id?uoua ?run l? anIHu-H nlunvuonlu. In Ru In puns-?Hurv
wanna? Du du. BE gnu Hn?ncin In Eh.
up. Hn ha I language. anon-an. E53 nut canton an nun Hunk:
nema- ou nun ?nun-n nun-.5 0503.. an.? on E: u-wu?en was?. 5.5. no:
mean on trunk tuna.   among: mu aura-Eta ?mu-awn?. an nun
unwary banana-n En to lam-n." .5. Hanna?: "Man 3 ?has

a shun?. no ou dw- noun?

3 i

is a .. ?3.23? a. - .1.

tunn- he no nu. in. Ha avoid au-u?nrvpu
?than on run n? ?and: rung:- non:
IE3. on Eu- anwu?du Bin E. man u. unha- Ou 45.no- ou an
Fun .3 he IVE-.39 uEP-n ?a Viviana nun nvp?pnwpuu. unbou-
nunln. ?Hangzhou. 3.23ku no nun nun-ova on Pun-nun:

?unk-P.
I 

2.888:

 



 

I: thl' pcnultimltn sun 1: ?net-d. the mlvio: 1: di?unnt. I

 

rul?tiv1 risk at tin. (trtz) being givcn by 
dun-suing ?play an: eunuch a: as in
riguru 2h. 

Gig-nutt- mkinq ?lat-d lung cue-s given us ample of. this
typo a! boluviam 
r0: msothalipau. vhuu a! the 1w"3ponm?ou incl.-
doneo rolleiv. risk culculltionl Ir. a! littll vuluo. I 
nods; (with. - 3) his bun uncut-u:tu tut-d ta both and acts 
and data 1::nt 35. ya" a: allow-up of. a ?hurt (Hwhoun tad. Barry
1976) . I
malts-tug- and.? 1991?! to gin a. gab-nut pictun a: an.
evolution a: 21-h 0:20: naposuro during 0 limit-d intarval which is I
consist-at with annihi- cpidmioluqiul dun. at: lust I
211-1111 tumor: which campus: th- nanny 0: ocmpnuaully
?new: caucus. thisf?dau, taint: tog-thu- with th- implintioniof 
nod-1., gin supput to umpticu on. which my a: th- nutri-
911 aunts: a: th- pnpn: hand, tad juauty ?tripolltion a:
I?llt170 risk prosod cohorts to
the rmi?h?'l'i?aunl of. th- cohun: 

 



.l c. Eta/m) (Cay!) H-L (yaw. 
I - 

3.5 . I

1900000977 

 



 

maria!

coax. DOLL. 
mad-1 for ago
4:93-112

.:
unnaan. L.G.. Ind r.
31:11 sinus-s in niekal 

DOLL. a? '34 R. 
20 ytazs' on all.
a. 251525-153;

DOLL. 3.. 
lung and 
tn: pcziad a! :le.

1-3., Ind  131'.

sinus-s in nick-1 an

1976.

cu: in the rubhlr Ind industrial:
3:it. J. Indust. Had. 3312?!-

doaths acqurzinq in 1972-74.
254

KNOX. 3.1.. zoauzs,

Iaetazy. Irit.

Ind 3333?. GI 

3.3.,

nnlothtlial tumor: in asbestos 

th. 333147-151 -

rxnz?snu. 3.. 

:nspixntory org-n: than: 99:31:: it

. ht. mo  I

DEED. 3.. 
1977. 1 battality
i?cn?o 331%. J.

'1978

1.3.. and zauxdnu. 

in Unit-d Shipy?frd? ?gir 
Ind tin; dnpuadunt chang-I in

1.6. DOLL: 3c  M.

tho rut-l of ridittion indugtd 
talzawing I niacin mourns a:
nasal: 
Ionizing- ndiltinn. Vinny Burch

in; lpondrlitil

at tho 

an Lat: liologiusl E??uets a:

13-17

WHITTZMORE. 3.5- 1977. Thu tun dilt:?
ct:cinoglaie nxpalu:os
1D6t513413-432

APE

and FILLINGERM. Sol.
diltributinn o! clans: in nun. 

acnt' ah? In?.

1969
1970.

. Izit.

1977.
=klzli

?a 

from lung enact: and nthn: ctuloq anon: wuzkuzn
ain't. Hid- 

!rodiatioas a! an:t:1?ey 12am

and ANDERSEN: A.
a Kickal roiin-ry in naruty.

. 31bit

in

- 
can.

aE tho lung 
a. Can. 24:313-

?oxtllity 1n :clatinn to tucking:
Exitilh doctors.

Brit. Hid.

canctra at tho'
.I. :nnummt a:

331%: mult- ?do 

a suzvu? at ocaupatiunal can-

Aanlylis of

1963. Hartllity
in in 

Jo In?nite

1973. a:

in, inwann, and n.c.
study In?n? 3:33.:1 in In llhiltnl
Indust. and. Stalls-173

tat-associlttd distal:


patitatl with Inkylul-
tram-m.
sympaliun

I

butian a! huan cannot 

a! 71:31ng ine:nsity.

m. J. 



 

 



lag" ENDS FOR Fl?ll??s

I. Incidence rate of lung uncer as percent of rots so time of stopping.

h. Risk for leukemia foiiowing irradiation for enky'iosing spondyiitis'.
Left land vertical axis shows scale for reietgve risk. right hend
vet-tics! axis Show: ehso?lute excess umber-110 per year.

- 2. Risk for Moore of the helvii irrsdilted sites. foiiowing irradiation 
for Inky?iosing spondy'litis. ertiui axes es in in,

d. Incidence of oesotheiiomts. expressed as mietive number observed.
in years since first exposure to asbestos. Expected Incidence
obtained from I Neibu?li motif! with

Risk I 
where c. it end I: are constant. (as given in the figure] Ind the time
since first exposure.

i I

2. Eniuetion of risk after uppsure of 'Iiuited duration as predicted by
a anti-sage mdei of coreinogenesis.

a. First stage tffeeted by the exposure. .
b. Penultimate tuge'effected by the exposure 

 

     
  

 

1A
1000 Continuing
. cigarutt
 $5.5 - 
or STOPPING via-cigmm gnawans s1ncn stopping
munostexp. deaths

 

 

9, 
T'lm since first trumnt (years)

 

 

 

.A-l

 



 

 

 

FIGURE duths

aha/exp. deaths
a:

?l


 

 

excess yrs. at 

 

 

 

 

FIGURE Years sine: first exposure . 

 

 

Arobooa981

 

 

FIGURE A A
FIRST STAGE irscheq,szosuas BEGINS AT AGE 20

mo-

 

(immef 1'3 15!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1-w-
.BDI.
.60AGE TEARS
Omll'm- -
EvoTu?on af 1mm? Run Aft-r L'lltl'ltld Exposuru. 
Expnsud Fluent. of mum Risk Associated with
hposun Thruugh Age 70
I
I
a-zu


 

 

 

 

 

a 23
a
penuumm 5m: immg, wosun: BEGINS AT AGE 20 

1'
190T4&534

YEARS

Evo1ut10n of Risk Aftlr Limited Duration Exposuri.
as Percent of Risk Associated w1th Expasura
Through Age 70



?-ll

i 
an. u?u -u II. In. 1-. II. Ill in. I.-

 

 

APO-0008983

 

 

-

 

This statement will address the question: "Whet fractinn
of the cancer incidence in the United State: is attributable
in whale at 21:: to occupatienel Oiurl ta eeretna en!

in the uutkp nee!" The canVIntinnu, estimate: BIVC een
thet this freetien in Quite small. end tigutel'ef between
one extent end iive Eereent are titan quoted. However. 
we 11 thaw btl??} estimates were edmittedly
speculative were ineumplete er deficient in leverel
resyeete. If the full euneequenees of oeeupatieuel
exposures in the treseut end the recent pest are teken
into estimates of et 20 percent eppeet

much more reasonable end.mey even be eentervetive.

Beei! cf the Eetimttien thet 20 Percent of Center Deaths
Asset ete eeuget one xteeure to en eels

I. Asbestos es Exemgle

The tensegueneet of acute to asbestos in

the Unite States heve eely been ft 1y recognized in the
est year. interding to estimates made by the 0.5.
epa:t=ent af-Heelth. Education. and Welfare. between

'ei ht and eleven million turkern have been to

en estos in the 0.5. einee the beginning of ?atld.?er II.
0! that tntel. epprexinetel 1.5 to 2.5 million ere
presently e=playea, while remainder -- between 6.5

end 8.5 million weekere -- were formerly employed in
envi=0tmentl vith signitieent asbestos exposure. including
4.5 zillion who uttke? in thi yard: during wezld we: II.
Of these ut:ketn. approximate four million are believed
to heve had heavy elute to eebeatee. on

idenialogieel etud es of workers, it it 

it 20-25 percent of heavily exposed.workete die of

lung center. 7-10 Eercent of pleutel at petiteneal
mes:theliu=a. and -5 percent of centers.
These figures are probably underestimatee_e? lifetime
rinks. reletivel few workers heve yet been
followed to the end of eit netwel lifespan. the total
f:eetiun o? heavily exacted nether: likely to die of
these centers is ptnbe ly between 35-h? percent.



 

 

 

-2-

Of the four million heevily lppzozi-

mntely 1.6 million are thus expected to die of asbestos-

related content. Assuming the excess rink.to the

4-7 millinn lee: heevily exposed workers is one- aorta:

of the: to the heavily exposed.uorkers. the tot; numbe:

of concern neoocintod with asbestos_in the loss-honvily -
oeed group would be expected to be shout 0.55 million.

re sing the total to about 2.15 million. Since most

or thnao onneers will be meniiested in the non: 30-35

yners. the expected ever: number of none-tn nttnibnneble

to asbestos per your in tget petiod will Iverege

about 67.000. Snob number: would represent about 17 per-

cent of :11 tanner: detected annually in the united States.

11. Other Lesi well Studied 
Arsenic

Number of workers potentially exposed: nbout'
1.500.000.

Rink netioo*: 3-8 for lung cancer.

Estimnted number of excess cancers per year:
2,100 - 7.300.

Benzene

Rumba: of workers potentielly exposed: ebout 2.000.000.
Risk ratios: 2-3 to 7 for leukemin.
Itimetod numborwo excess cancer: per year:

  

3 Coal Tar Volatiles and Coke Oven Emissions

Rumba: of workers potentially exposed: about 60.000.
Risk nation: 2-6 for canoe: oi the lung. lenynx.

.

Eatinnted number of excess cone-=3 per yenn: 1603800.

Risk antic:

The ratio o:_ennto:s to the number expected in normal
pipzletion. A risk :etio at two means I doubling of the
a .

l-Il uni 
-



 

Jail


 

manque??u

uni-

tan-oi 

- 3 -.

Vinxl Chloride 

Number of workers potentially exposed: about 2.260.000.
Rick ratios; 200.1: and 1.9 respectively for
bangle-cream. brain end lung cancer.
Estimated number of excess cancers: 1.900.

.A total of 1-3 percent of the cancers. occurring in a year
will be associated with these tour 

Substances for which excess cancer incidence he: been
recorded but for which estimates of the amber of workers
exposed may be less 

Chromium

number of corkers exposed: about 1,500,000.
Risk ratios: 3- 0 for nasal cavity and .eiuus. lung -

and larynx.

 .Egtimated umber of. excess cancer: per year: 2,400-


Iron. Oxide ?5
N'zber of worker: potentially exposed: about 1.600.000.

Pick ratios: 2-5 to: 11m: and larynx-

.?zptimated nudber of excess cancers pa: year: 1,300-

5,000.
Nickel

Ember of workers otentially exposed: about 1.370.000.
Risk ratio: 5-10 or lung.
of excess cancer: per year: 3,800-

Petrolem Distillate: I

Ember of workers gotentially uni-posed about 3,000,000.
Rick ratios: 2-6 or lung and larynx.
of excess cancers per, year: 2,400-

A total of 3-13 percent of the cancer: occurring in a year 
will be associated with these ?our substances.

 



 

 

- a 

Totals. -
Thus the total excess incidence.uould be from 21 to 38 percent.
we choose to use the figure 20 percent in order to be
conservatiVe. .

Summary and Conclusions

1. The oftbqucted estimatess that only 1 percent to 5 percent
of total cancers in the united States are attributable to
occupational factors have not been scientifically documented.

2. nos: cancers have multiple causes: it is en crror?to
attempt to.easign eech cancer to en.exclusive single cause.

3. Essence cencer incidence is strongly dependent on age
end upon duration of exposure. most centers resulting from
oeure to carcino ens will occur late in lite: many
ep dcmiologicel etu es detect only small fraction of

early?dere oping centers.

I

4. East exposure to asbestos is expected to result in over
2 million premature cancer deaths in the next three decades:
this corresponds to rou 1y 1? percent of the total cancer
incidence expected in at period.

5 Reasonable projections of the future consequences of

pest exposure to established carcinogens suggests that at

- east-8 other substances may contribute suhstantielly to
cancer incidence comparable in their total effect to asbestos.

6. The projections su gest that occupationally-related
cancers nay comprise 28 percent or more of tetal cancer
incidence in forth-coming decades. (This does not include
cancers attributable to ionizing radiation.)

l- 

7. Although exposure to some of the more important
occupational carcinogens hes been reduced in recent care.
there ere still can: unregulated carcinogens in the .S.
workplaces; a number of occupetione ere cherectcriced by
excess cence: risks which cannot yet be attributed to
epecitic agents.

8. There is no sound reason to essume that the future
consecuencee o? present-day exposure to carcinogens in the
unrkp-ece will be less than those of exposure to the recent
past. 

9. Patterns and trends in total cancer incidence (end -
mortality) in the 0.5. ere consistent with the othesis
that occupationally-related cancers comprise on stentiel
end increasing traction of total cancer incidence.



 



hi!





 

In addition. the folldwing table lists 
in which an cancer has rcportc
without identification of an etiologic ngunr.

 

331

groups
Wham these

are fully crudicd. the cvcrall excuse incidence may be



GROUPS IN WHICH EXCESS

CANCER INCIDENCE HAS BEEN 
IDENTIFICNTIOH ETIOLOGIC AGENT

 

Occupational Groups

Canc-r 

Percent

Execs: Reported

 

Coal Miner:
Chcmicts

rcuncry 
Textile 

Printing 


Metal Minarl




Cadmiut Prcductica


Land 
Rubber Industry

Processing
Tire Building

wire Curing


Lcather 1nd Shoe
Workers






Lung
Mouth and pharynx
Knuth Ind 

Lung

Large intestine:
pancraas

Lung 
prostate

Lung


leukcmic

Bladder,
Brain

Lung
Kasai cavity And sinuses

Nanci cavity and linulcs,
bladdlr

4D

64
79

50-150
5:000
150

 

Memos?6'69"