Secret Women and Girls in Canada: Presentation to the Social Trends, Policies and Institutions Deputy Ministers? Policy Committee February 10, 2015 mum dl?l Ii! cm. cm ana a 000006 Violence and Harassment Strong h-"iem-er. Strong Cantata. Despite gains across every domain of women?s lives in Canada, gender- based violence and harassment remain 4- While rates of male on male violence in Canada have diminished over time, rates of violence against women have not, and reporting has not increased. - Under-reporting remains high and masks the true extent and nature of all forms of violence against women and girls - The justice system is not meeting the needs of women survivors of violence - Harassment and violence against women also have economic impacts - In addition to significant health and policing dollars spent each year, they also result in lost productivity and diminished workplace effectiveness. - Social medla creates new threats and sources of vlolence but also constitutes a powerful tool to raise awareness and mobilize action to prevent violence. - While the majority of perpetrators of violence against women and girls are men, the majority of men are not perpetrators of violence. - There is an opportunity to engage men and boys on speaking out against violence. .. .a new and transformative response to make violence socially unacceptable may be needed, I Status ol Women Condition Canada Canada 9 00001 5 Marginalized women face additional challenges While the story of Canadian women is positive, key variables place some groups of women on a different Northern and Rural Women - Women in the North are far more likely to experience violence and poverty - Access to housing remains a signi?cant challenge in the North and certain rural areas of Canada including the Atlantic and Northern Ontario/Quebec - Women in rural areas are more likely to be elderly and to be living in poverty Immigrant Women - Have lower rates of labour force participation and employment than other women. In addition, they have higher rates of unemployment - Muslim women are far more likely to be victims of a hate crime Aboriginal Women - Are far more likely to experience sexual and intimate partner violence. in addition to homicide rates tar beyond the national average - Experience higher rates of domestic violence, mental illness and poorer overall health - Have much lower rates of graduation More likely to experience housing insecurity which is an important precursor to employment sensitive data remains of critical importance to ensure that the needs of marginalized women are addressed in policy development. I'kl 23?? Canad'?' 10 00001 6 Canada ?5 Standing Internationally Strand VVD?ien.Strong Canada. According to the World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap Report (2014), Canada ranks 190' of 142 countries for gender Canadian women have the highest tertiary education attainment rate among women or men from OECD countries, but men are more likely to be employed (84.7% vs. 78.5% for women). At 68 per cent, Canada?s labour force participation rate for women aged 15 to 74 ranked fourth in the OECD and was 9 higher than the OECD average However, Canada is falling behind on key indicators: - Canadian men are paid 20% more than their female colleagues. a full 2 percentage points above the OECD average of 18%. Only Korea, Japan and Germany rank higher than Canada on the gender pay gap. - In 2014. Canada came in 52"? on the ranking of gender equality in Parliament, with 25 female legislators for every 75 males. Canada?s investments in childcare payments and parental leave benefits are 17% less than the average of comparable industrialized economies. - Canada has no comprehensive national strategy to address violence against women, lagging behind several comparable countries. including the UK. Ireland. Australia and New Zealand. I I Status of Women Condition Canada ma Canad'z'i 11 000017 International levers to advance gender equalit 1 I Lever Legislativel'hlleasure?s Tax Incentives Grants and Loans Policies Social Marketing gzugrml?mnMe Examples - min lemmas-mane" . Haiti's stairs magnesium-1e) . . - - pay equity legislation (US-lilly Ledbetter Fair-Pay Act) I Tax cuts for small businesses (targeting women owned) (US) -Tax incentives for companies using women owned businesses as suppliers (US 'Targeted grants for women to increase participation in STEM similar to former Canada Study Grants for Women in Science Foundation grants} l?Targeted loan support-Ermine}: in in-demandprofessions where they are underrepresented (US) '5uite of federal grants for single parents (housing, education, transportation, etc] (US) 0?Daddy quota?r reserves part of the parental leave period exclusively for the other parent: if they do not take allotted period of leave, the family loses it. (Norway, Sweden, Iceland) ?treating opportunities for women owned businesses in the federal supply chain (US) -Facilitation of work re-entry post maternity leave using existing paid leave provisions (Belgium) OTargeted employment programs for women (US Summer Employment Program) -Use of gender budgeting to promote equitable opportunities for women (Austria) -Federally sponsored training and supports for women owned business (US Small Business Administration) stomprehensive. mutlsectoral federal action plans to address violence against women (US. Australia, UK) mational childcare strategy (Throughout the EU) 'Leveraging conventional and social media to-promote a national discourse on forms-of violence against women {United Kingdom, Australia, US are recent examples) . -- - . Illromoting civic education and public ieadership?lormmen and girls 105) Canada 12 00001 8 E1) Pages 19 to I a 21 are withheld pursuant to sections sont retenues en vertu des articles 21(1)(b) of the Access to Information Act de la Loi sur l?acces l?information Pages 22 to I 5 23 are withheld pursuant to sections sont retenues en vertu des articles 21(1)(b) of the Access to Information Act de la Loi sur l?acc?s l?information Annexes Strong Women. Strong Canada. n_ - - - u-p?F- I I 22:23:! Women 000024 Income Inequality Error-.5; Women. Strong Canada. When it comes to the salary gap between the sexes, women have hit a brick wall. Women between the ages of 45 and 54 earn on average about $23,600 less than men in that same cohort, which is virtually unchanged from where it was five years ago, although the gap is narrower than in 2000. 570.000 560.000 550.000 540.900 -. . . . . $30,000 . $20,000 $10,000 $0 Under Over 65 Females Males Source: it? 2313 ease-d on missile-:- Canada 20:: data I Status of Women feminine Canada Canada Canada 1A 000025 Low Income Amongst Vulnerable Populations Number and incidence of Canadian women and men in low income; working-age, seniors and vulnerable populations; 2011 Pemons Una?ached Abongnak . . . . I . Lone Recent Working-age Senrors I ar ms i mhrants not on (16-64) I disabi?ties aged n}l?f64) reserve (16-64) 45-54 (16-64) Won-lien 4.49.200 230.700 115,400 11:50:: 87,200 I Number i Men 1,103,500 83,500 428,800 285,400 70,000 93,200 80,800 I I Women 9.6% 11.5% 33.3% 16.4% 15.5% 15.4% I lnddenu: I Men 9.6% 3.39:. 13.1% 32.0% 12.5% 16.0% 17.0% Source: Statistics Canada, Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics. Note: Low Income based on after-tax low-income cut-offs sum ol'Nomon Condition mm Iol I cm cm Canada 2A r-f? 000026 Low income across at-risk groups Strong Women Strong Canada. Five working-age groups experience higher rates of low income (representing 41% of families yet 69% of low-income families): 341; - Lone parents . . . . . - Unattached 45-64 13 5 0 Recent immigrants - Off-reserve Aboriginal people a; I I - People with disabilities I i i Orcrall- tail: Parenl'. - Unatlath-d Recent Off-reserve - Pei-mi. mun These groups are also more likely to experience low income- Persistence? of low-income for working age individuals, by after?! 22 Children in a family with at least one member in an at-risk groups run a higher risk of experiencing low income. In families - 123' where at least one member was part of an at-risk group, 17% of children were in low income (compared to 8.5% for all Canadian I I children). . . Orr-ml! Len: Pare-nu Unalucni-d Recent on reserve limpet-nth 45.64 Immigrants Aboriginal D'l?j?bll'll?': People Status ol Women Condhlon feminine - Canada Canada Source Statistics Dyna (111d. (1 000027 Outline of Presentation Strong Women. Strong Canada. - Overview - Context Canada?s Commitment to Gender Equality - Diagnostique - Education and skills training Employment and Economic Prosperity Leadership and Democratic Participation i Violence and Sexual Harassment International Comparisons - Policy Implications - Moving Forward - Annexes Status olWomen Condltion 11:3 Canada Canada 1 000007 Lone-parent families and [ow income In 2011, there were 863,000 children living in lone-parent economic families headed by a female. 'r This represents 82.3% of all children living within any type of lone-parent family. The incidence of low income for children in lone- parent economic families headed by women has decreased substantially since 2002. Between 2009 and 2011, there was a modest increase in Lico- AT incidence amongst these children, possibly re?ecting some of the negative post- recessionary effects during this period. Low-income rates among children living In lone parent economic tamilies headed by women, 50% - - -- - ?575 chiidren'in'etonomic iamilies 40% a up 35% . I ??children in lone-parent 305? ?h ai?ilie'i'" 259; . 33ml..- 205932002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 StntusofVIomen Condition muting Canad'?' 4A .-..- u?W; . . l?u 000028 Unattached elderly females are more frequently in low income than unattached elderly Strong Wonmn. Stronc: Canada. Elderly unattached females experience low income more 25 prevalently than elderly r?g?e'fa'e?v?sm unattached males. -- -A Femaies,65 . . . and over A Similar gap exusts when 30 Ex ,e Unammdelderw mains SI ng era er ?x \i maumamw elderly females? Between 2009 and 2011, there ?x -- was substantial increase in low income incidence for unattached elderly females (from 15% to 10 Between 2002 and 2011, the 5 overall improvements for elderly unattached females were substantially less dramatic that those observed for lone parent economic families headed by a . 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 201! female. exam" Canad'a' 5A 000029 Wage Gap: Impacted by Labour Segmentation Strong Women. Strong Canada. Gender gap in average hourly wages, by broad occupational groupings?, 2012 Health occupations 0.97 Arts, culture, recreation and sport $27.1 525.4 0.94 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations $34.5 530.7 0.89 i .jSocial science, educationgovernment services and religion $33.2 $29.6 0.89 Management occupations $39.6 $34.5 0.8? Business, finance and administrative occupations $26.1 522.3 0.85 ETrades, transport and equipment operators $24.8 $19.5 0.79 i rSales and services $21.1 $15.9 0.75 Processing, manufacturing and utilities $22.1 516.2 0.73 I Occupations unique to primary industries $24.8 $16.4 (0.66 i Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey Workers aged 25-54 2133;! Women mggon feminine 000030 Women and Part-time Work 30% 2 3-59?; 2 2 .4913}? 209:- 3.5% A- 45 t054 551061! 65+ Female Females represent a large share ofvpermanent part-time work. In 2013, the proportion of females in permanent part-time work was 70.8% (approximately 1.4 million). In comparison, the proportion 0 females in permanent full-time work was 45.6%. In 2013i 21.4% of all female permanent workers were part-time workers, compared to 8.6% of all ma permanent workers. Source: Canada. Labour Force Survey. 2013. I Sumu of Women Condition emu. Cmda (33113651l 7A 000031 Women in the Trades Health engineering and computing are the ?elds that tend to be most affected by skills pressures. These professions also have high. rates of gender polarization. Evidence suggests that career aspirations and expectations associated with future careers are formed at a relatively young age and differ dramatically by gender. of 15-year-olds planning a ehreer in? health engineering or computing Health services 25.8 11.6 I. Canada Sources: OECD Education at a Glance, 2012 I I sum oi Women Condnlon Canada Canada Engineering or computing 18.8 3.2 Gilt Canada Canad'?' 8A 000032 Women in Executive Roles Top Eryn-frCmadm Lab-2w cup:- Lil-ilin ermn Ann Had: ol the mecw Purim Haunt) 3015) Md Lela]an ramum and and-pm I r' ?.af.allpg;u ?1!th Ranking. Rachel 50am. am 'A'mkhwan, mu Guam! Cs ?uu: Pa? for: Woman Iz-szl I Tailsgar Arum-a mama; :mi Mhloy Dew {Zita-'35: Camus Emma Post 5m Won'an 3a. ucr (Mk-w: am' Top Fans-c: 17-013; "mums. {imam-L Tana mar-arm; drum Feud Jimmy Fir-4mm 11' F511 manna: Ommpanmal fat Sl?f?hl?? ?nd 364 A'mudl ?Shauna: um?; Cam Ij.. an?; 701:" ?minim-?3. Cami: Tihli 1'3? Win-nu! Fawn: Surrdy Fan-mm Hg in An: Samba age Gidup Amual Emuanynaan: 33-95:: and am . arm." Rm 9: LIArui-Iy I Status 0! Women Condition Canada Canada 9A 000033 Women in Board Governance - 1:4. Enema won-am. :11. Women Directors by FPSOO Company Type 30.4% 25.3% 19.0% 18.6% 205% 10.3% In?: I Public Private Crown Cooperative I 2011 a 2013 FPSOO Companies by Percentage of Board Seats Held by Women 2011 a: 2013 395% 35.0% 21.0% 20.9% 056 Women 25% or more Women 40% or more Women Slim! 13an lol cm cum Canada 10A 000034 Women?s Political Participation Strong V'Jomen. Strong Canada. Political Representation of Women, Municipal P?litical Representatim ?f women Fadera' 100 :1 Men. Members of 30 Parliament 60 40 Men 20 16% Women . Women, Members 0 of Parliament Municipal Municipal Equal voice. 201a Mayors Councillors Political Representation of Women, Provincial 1:30.00 90.00 Percunlage 30.013 3'000 60.00 5005 Women .10 DO I Men 313.00 20.00 10.00 0.Equal Voice. 2014 NWT NU w: The United Nations defines 30% as the minimum level of women's representation required, in order for their voices to be heard. Staiulo'l'?omen Conditionle?mlnme Canada Canada C?mad? 11A 000035 Women and Childcare Strong Women. Strong Canada. Average time spent per day on child care, population aged 15 and over 2010 I Female I Male 2005 1998 .1 .. r? -. -- -1 0:00 0:28 0:57 1:26 1:55 2:24 2:52 3:21 Source: Statistics Canada, General Social Survey on Time Use. I I Status of Woman Condition Canada Canada Canad'z'l' 12A w-u-q-av - .. .- 000036 Health Implications of Providing Care Strong Won-wen. Strong Canada. Chart? The more hours of care they provide, the higher levels of stress and worse health caregivers report Percent of caregivemen-.- Number of hours per week IFeeIInqs 0F stress related to caregiving duties .Feelil?los that their own health suffered because of caregivinq duties 1' reference category significantly diffe'ent from reference category - Feelings of Stress Forz?d hour; of earogivnng per- weal-z (p 0.05) signi?cantly diFFIe-rent From reference :ateqorx- - ?eelinqs health suffered For 2-4 hours of careolvinq per Wco< (p -: 0.05) Note: Questions on the Impact of caregiving responsibilities were only asked of those caregivers provuding care For 2 or more hours per week. Source: Statistics Canada. General Social Survev, 2012. I I sum: of Women flimlnine - Cmda Canada 1 000037 Overview Strong Women. Strong Canada. Women are fulfilling an integral role in the country?s I?l'l ?aw? Women are excellin in education, with three quarters of working-age women holding a post-secondary ential - Gains in educational achievement for women have strengthened their labour force participation and earning potential, yet women remain under-represented in certaln sectors and professions. More women than ever before are engaged in Canada?s workforce (48% of the workforce), contributing an estimated $130 Billion to the national GDP over the last 25 years - Women's participation in the labour force is at an all-time high, while still maintaining a primary role in caregiving for children. the sick and eldeny. Increasing gains in leadership roles in corporate Canada_can translate into significant economic gains. 0f Canada's FPSOO companies, those With the highest representation of women demonstrated a 26% higher retUrn on investments Women are demonstrating growing interest in politics and leadership. yet the interest is not translating into their representation in positions of influence. and is not expected to shift in the foreseeable future. Women_ and girls are disproportionately victims of domestic and sexual violence and there is growrng recognition of significant social and economic costs, including in the workplace. - Despite all of the gains for women in education. employment and leadership. rates of violence and harassment have not shifted significantly for the better In decades. persistent challenges remain. Canad'" Condition timinan Canada 000008 Women and Family Violence Chart 1.3 Rate of police-reported famBy violence by age and sex of victim. Canada. 2013 rate ner100.0[0 popila?on IFemalevlclims IMulovlc?mo 0104 5100 101014 151010201024 25520 @1934 351030 101044 451340501051 551050 631054 851059 70107? 751089 The age-related risk of family violence is not the same for men and women. While police- reported rates of family violence were highest for women aged 30 to 34 (603.1 per 100,000), men?s rates were highest among those between the ages of 15 and 19 (233.4 per 100,000). The majority of police-reported family violence victims are female. In 2013, there were 59,725 female victims of family violence, representing 68% of all police-reported family violence victims. In comparison, females represented 46% of victims for violent crimes that were not family-related. momenta! common mine cam- cam 14A 000038 impacts of Famin Vioience trong i??fomen. Strong Caner-Ir. Impact of spousal violence for victims. by sex of Canada. 211139 Wme physica.? mde Received medical attention? - Female victims Were treated In hosmtai' I Maia victims Took tune off daily activites Feared for Iheir times 11percent Female victims of spousal violence are twice as likely as male victims to be physically injured, three times as likely to experience disruptions to their daily lives, such as missed days of work, and almost seven times as likely to fear for their life. Documented physical and mental health impacts include lasting injuries, increased risk of cancer and heart disease, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and suicide. Too unreliable to be Eublished. .1. Includes only those who were physically injured. Source: Statistics Canada. eneral Sacral Survey 2009. Excludes data from the Northwest Territories, Yukon and Nunavut. It smus olWamn mm mm Canad'?? 15A 000039 The Cost of Domestic Violence Szreng Strong Cenct?e. Economic Costs of Spousal Violence in Canada (Justice, 2012) I Costs to Victims The ecoan'c cos-*5 0f Third party Costs spousal Violence Canada Justice system Costs are estimated to be $7.48 annually. Women make up the majority of victims. Costs to victims $6.0 billion in costs associated with victims seeking medical attention, lost wages, damaged or destroyed property and the ?intangibles? of pain and suffering and loss of life. Costs to third parties Over $890 million in third party costs, including social service Operating costs, losses to employers, the negative impact on children exposed to spousal violence, and other government expenditures. Costs to the justice system. . About $545 million in costs borne by the criminal justice system police, court, prosecution, legal aid and correctional services) and civil justice system civil protection orders, divorces and separations and child protection systems). Source: Zhang. Ting. Hoddenbagh, Susan McDonald, and Katie Serim. 2012. An Estimation of the Economic Impact ofSpausoI Violence in Canada, I Status 0! Woman Condition Canada cm- 15A 000040 --.- The call to action has been issued on many fronts Strong Women. Strong Canada. 1 . ur' ?if. .1 .- I ii." 1 lg! in I ?a??lf'sualized violence. we must ensure an inclusive economics. Haw ?an sh'?eanamii ?ll?po't?en?tia'l'lf'i?t' community that offers a healthy and safe learning and working ignores. sidelines, or fails to invest in half its population?" environment for all." Dr. Richard Florizone, President. Robert Zoellick. Former President, World Bank, 2012 Dalhousie University, 2014 - . I ., .. . . ., :37?6 .?'mdusi'lv, and-athErsecters, we continue tied to the opportunities available to see more strong, influential, female role models forge new to be done by both governments and individuals.? and unexpected pathways for our leaders of tomorrow." Hillary Clinton, Farmer U.5. Secretary of State, 2014 Lorraine Mitchelmore, President, Shell onada, 2014 . .J a . 1* Status of Women feminine Canada Canada 1 000009 Canada ?5 Commitment to Gender Equality Vven12n_51rong Canada. Canada ?3 commitment to gender equality is longstanding and firmly entrenched lntemational Commitments - United Nations Convention on the Elimination ofAll Forms of Discrimination against Women - Signatories to take measures to reduce discrimination in political, economic and social life - Beijing Platform for Action (Fourth World Conference on Women, 1995) 0 Progress reviewed at the United Nations Commission on Status of Women every ?ve years Legislative Protections - The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Canadian Human Rights Act (CHRA) 0 Provincial and territorial human rights legislation - Canada Labour Code and provincial/territorial labour protections (employment equity) Policies and Guidelines - Federal Plan for Gender Equality (1995) - Articulates a systematic approach to gender equality and has as its ?rst objective, the implementation of gender based analysis throughout the federal government - Gender Equality frameworks and policies - individual Federal Departments and agencies hold the levers for gender equality - Status of Women Canada works to support the federal family to uphold these commitments am? WW Canada 4 000010 Context: The Canadian Picture Strong Women. Strong Canada. Medium term economic prospects are uncertain, and key socio- demographic shifts will continue to challenge policy makers. - A shift in the nature of work, particularly self employment and part-time work, will have long term economic implications for Canada; - Changes in the available workforce and worker demographics will continue to transform the Canadian workplace: - ?Double bind? of maintaining paid work while providing care (child or elder) duties will increase; - Aging population will increase pressures on social benefits and pension programs; a Growing diversity will increase the need for innovative policy and program responses; - Significant regional variation will challenge one size-fits all programs and policies; and - Disruptive technologies will continue to change the way Canadians work and live, and how government engages with Canadians. Addressing issues facing women and girls will help to position Canada to respond to these shifts. Status otWomn C. Canada Canada (111(1(l(1 5 00001 1 Education and Skills Training Strong - Stir Women have expanded their skills and competencies to achieve employment and financial - 75% of working age women hold a post-secondary degree, as compared to 65% of men - Women are the majority of students in most master's programs, however, representation is significantly lower in some STEM fields, including mathematicslcomputer science at 36% and architecture and engineering at 30%. - Women educated in STEM are more likely to go on to careers in other disciplines - Women are over-represented in humanities, arts and services sectors where attachment to the labour force can be more tenuous and lower paid - Women face barriers to enter in-demand (and male dominated) professions, including: - Lack of information and training geared to women; - At the apprentice stage, difficulty finding an employer sponsor; and - Women experience challenges in completing training in male-dominated professions. despite their efforts, women are not attaining benefits commensurate to their credentials. mam ("nun (:k11131(f2i 6 00001 2 Employment and Economic Prosperity Strong Women. Strong Canada. Women have reached near parity to men in labour market - Aggregate analysis of the gender wage gap masks the still pronounced differences within some in- demand sectors, including many trades - Roughly 70% part-time workers are women. While offering flexibility for work-life balance, these jobs tend to come with no bene?ts or security 0 Women?s employment remains concentrated in traditional sectors (services, social, retail), with relatively limited opportunities for advancement or increased income over time - With more women choosing entrepreneurship and self-employment, the long term implications of women?s decreased attachment to the private sector is unknown. - Women leave some sectors, including many skilled trades, as quickly as they enter. Work-life balance, career stagnation, work culture and harassment are cited as reasons - While men represent a growing segment of those providing child or elder care, women are still performing the bulk of care, often while balancing work however; systemic barriers facing women will have longer term implications for their prosperity if not addressed. I Status otWoman Condtlon can-u. cm Canad'ii 00001 3 Leadership and Democratic Participation Women are ready to take their place around the board ta - e, executive ranks and in the political While board gender diversity improves organizations' overall resilience. innovation and effectiveness, women represent just 16% of FPSOO board members. and 40% of FPSOO companies have no women on their boards - In sectors of the economy that have increased gender diversity, women are less likely to be seen in senior, ?bottom line" positions at the executive level and on boards on the availability and suitability of women for these roles remain pervasive, indicating that recruitment practices need to change - At the executive level, some women are opting out of advancement opportunities due to workplace culture and expectations 0 Representation in politics remains low. Within federal politics, 25% of MPs are women. Only 23% of MLAs are women. Statistically, women tend to remain on the back benches however, until workplace culture and societal attitudes change, progress will be slow. Status ?Woman Condllon ?whine In cm Canada8 v. .. .. .. 000014