CITY OF CLEVELAND Mayor Frank C. Jackson CITY OF CLEVELAND Reduction in the Use of Force 2 Reduction in the Use of Force Timeline Implemented 33 DOJ recommendations • February, 1993 – Council members • October, 2004 – Crisis Intervention Fannie M. Lewis and Frank G. Jackson introduce legislation to ban the use of the choke-hold. • 2002 – The U.S. Department of Justice makes 33 specific recommendations on Use of Force, all of which are implemented. • 2002 – CDP revises its police manual to require administrative reviews, and improved tactical training to reduce use of deadly force. Training (CIT) starts for officers, instructing them on techniques to de-escalate situations with mental health issues and those impaired by alcohol and drugs. • March 14, 2005 – DOJ closes its Use of Force investigation saying the City was fully cooperative and “found the training to be excellent.” • October 24, 2005 – Tasers are purchased by CDP to reduce Use of Deadly Force incidents by providing a less lethal method to subdue people. 3 Reduction in the Use of Force Timeline Mayor Jackson’s first press conference • January, 2006 – In his first press conference Mayor Jackson announced changes to the City’s policies on Use of Force. “excessive force will not be tolerated and that officers will be held accountable for any violation of that standard.” • Updated protocols • Issued a General Police Order on the Use of Deadly Force • Increased firearms and tactical training hours. • January, 2006 – Mayor Jackson announces additional reforms to CDP Use of Force Policy, including requiring detectives to record all witness statements in homicides in Use of Deadly force investigations. • When Mayor Jackson took office found a backlog of hundreds of less lethal cases that had not been closed out. • Over 40 deadly force investigations were pending in the City Prosecutors office. • Special Prosecutor was hired to complete the deadly force cases • CDP implemented a tracking system to ensure these and all future investigations were completed. • Police Officers have 90 days to completed report • City Prosecutor has 90 days to act on the report. • Police supervisors were held accountable and disciplined for failure to complete reports 4 Reduction in the Use of Force Timeline • January, 2007 – An Early Intervention Program begins to identify police officers with concerns including drugs, alcohol, and mental health. • 2007 – CDP begins retraining military veterans to transition from military to police tactics. • 2008-2009 – Central booking is established to receive all prisoners downtown, where trained medical and corrections personnel are ready to help individuals in need. • 2010 – CDP implements comprehensive vehicle pursuit policy. • 2011 – Police Executive Research Forum (PERF), a respected professional group which advises the DOJ, is hired by the city for “further review of the Division’s policies and procedures for reporting and investigating Use of Force incidents.” • 2011 – After attending two meetings, the local Department of Justice stops attending Use of Force review meetings with PERF and the City. 5 CDP fully implements PERF recommendations On Oct. 19, 2012, the Police Executive Research Forum provided the City with a list of recommendations following its review of CDP’s practices and policies regarding Use of Force. Overall, PERF said, it “found CDP’s policies and procedures sound and comprehensive.” 27 recommendations detailed in a 12-page document divided into several categories. (see attachment) The recommendations included:  Revising General Police Orders and manuals regarding the Use of Force.  For example, PERF recommended CDP policy be changed to allow administrative investigations to be undertaken at the same time as criminal investigations.  Audits: Random audits of Taser use comparing that information against Use of Force reports by police officers.  Training: on proper use of Tasers with hands-on situational exercises that require officers to focus on the full spectrum deployment considerations. The City enacted all 27 recommendations. 6 Reduction in the Use of Force Timeline • December 27, 2012 – In the wake of a deadly chase that ended in two deaths and involving about 60 cruisers and 115 police officers, Mayor Frank Jackson calls on the Department of Justice to conduct an investigation into Use of Force. • 2013 - Requests for bids are sent out by the City to conduct a pilot program with body cameras. CDP tests the technology in a pilot program in 2013 and 2014. • December 4, 2014 – The Department of Justice releases its findings from a twoyear long investigation into Use of Force. In its findings DOJ states that there is a “pattern or practice” of use of excessive force by police. • December 2, 2014 – Mayor Jackson agrees to a statement of principles and to work with DOJ toward a settlement agreement with a court appointed monitor. 7 What does this mean? • Reform is not new to me. • We have been focused on reform since before I took office as a Mayor. • We have seen results from our efforts. 8 All of these measures lead to results Here are the numbers: In 2006: In 2014: Reductions: Calls for Service 523,625 407,072 = 22 percent Arrests 40,367 31,634 = 22 percent Less Lethal Force 885 405 = 54 percent Deadly Force 31 16 = 48 percent 9 Less Lethal Force Statistics Show Steep Drop since 2006 ASP Baton 2006 - 2014 OC Spray 2006 - 2014 56 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 129 120 ASP Baton Incidents Incidents 140 2 80 60 OC Spray 40 7 20 ASP Baton Use has Dropped 99%. 2006 100 0 2014 OC Spray Use has Dropped 95%. Bodily Force 2006 - 2014 700 Taser 2006 - 2014 641 250 600 218 200 500 400 300 Bodily Force 343 200 150 120 Taser 100 50 100 0 Incidents Incidents 2014 2006 0 Bodily Force has Dropped 47%. 2006 2014 62 Taser Use has Dropped 72%. 2006 2014 10 More to be done Police Training on Body Cameras: • CDP begin equipping police officers, from the Police Chief to patrol officers, with body cameras. • Body cameras are now deployed in the 4th district. • The 2nd District will begin training and use of body cameras in March • The 5th in April, the 3rd in May and the 1st in June making the CPD one of the nation’s largest forces to be equipped with body cameras. Increased Hours for In-Service Training including Constitutional Law and Simulator Training Recruiting and Hiring: • Goal is to bring on a more diverse mix that is representative of the community. • Continuing application process • New hiring procedures put in place for police recruit candidates. • The City is considering new minimum hiring qualifications that may disqualify applicants who have used deadly force in other police departments. • Civil Service exams is reevaluating the psychological examination component of the test for new officers. 11 Moving Ahead on Reducing Use of Force Training: Crisis Intervention • 434 Police Officers and Dispatchers are currently trained. • Over the next 3 years all CDP officers will be trained in Crisis Intervention by: • Incorporating CIT into Cadet Training Curriculum • Annual in-service training • Increasing annual 40 hour Crisis Intervention classes First Aid • EMS and local hospitals will participate in First Aid and CPR training for all Police Officers Community Policing: • 1st, 4th, and 5th District have completed their four hour on-line training course. • 2nd and 3rd District will receive their training starting in April 2015. CDP will start a pilot program in two neighborhoods with a detailed action plan. Transparency: • CDP full implementation of Body Cameras. • Taser Reporting System: • Improved storage and retrieval of data on Taser usage through improved technology. 12 Additional Reforms Transparency: • IA Pro technology allows CDP enhanced tracking of: • Use of Force, • Early Intervention • Civilian Police Review Board Cases • CDP will implement Quarterly Review of General Police Orders • Will review 10% of GPOs on a quarterly basis Advanced Records Management System: • Expanded reporting capability • Documents interactions between police officers and civilians. • Will allow officers to provide real time information of crimes Office of Professional Standards and Civilian Police Review Board • Mission • Authority • Notification to complainants on when cases will be heard • Open to the public • Establish a timeline for the complaint process • OPS notified of all use of force incidents and will go to the scene of lethal force incidents 13 More to be done: • Still, much work remains to be done. • I will hold a series of press conferences to discuss our progress. Thank you.