Case 7:11-cv-00134-HL Document 1 Filed 09/29/11 Page 1 of 12 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF GEORGIA WAYCROSS DIVISION EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, CIVIL ACTION NO. Plaintiff, V. JURY TRIAL DEMANDED HAMILTON GROWERS, INC. d/b/a SOUTHERN VALLEY FRUIT AND VEGETABLE, INC., Defendant. COMPLAINT This is an action under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ("Title VII"), as amended, and Title I of the Civil Rights Act of 1991 to correct unlawful employment practices on the basis of national origin and/or race and to provide appropriate relief to Johnny Blackwell, Latoya Blackwell, Michael Blakely, Michael Collins, Kimble Daniels, Fiona Dawson, Rickey Forrest, Terrick Grant, Willie Harmon, Richard Jones, Joanna Lee, Johnny Moore, Sammy Myricks, Jimmy Pasley, Courtney Ranger, Ronnie Severson, Quincy Thornton, Zandrea Wade and Alicia Ware, and other aggrieved individuals ("class members") who Case 7:11-cv-00134-HL Document 1 Filed 09/29/11 Page 2 of 12 worked for Hamilton Growers, Inc. d/b/a Southern Valley Fruit and Vegetable, Inc. (the "Defendant") in Norman Park, Georgia from January 2009 to present and who were adversely affected by such practices. The Plaintiff alleges that Defendant engaged in a pattern or practice of unlawful discrimination by terminating and/or constructively discharging Americans based on national • origin. The Plaintiff further alleges that Defendant intentionally and unlawfully terminated African Americans based on race and/or national origin. The Plaintiff further alleges that Defendant engaged in a pattern or practice of unlawful discrimination by placing individuals who were born in the United States and of American national origin in less desirable job assignments and providing fewer work opportunities on the basis of their national origin, resulting in such persons earning less than their nonAmerican comparators. Plaintiff also alleges that Americans were subjected to different terms and conditions of employment based on their national origin. JURISDICTION AND VENUE 1. Jurisdiction of this Court is invoked pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 451, 1331, 1337, 1343, and 1345. This action is authorized and instituted pursuant to Section 706(f)(1) and (3) of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f)(1) and (3) and 2000e-6 ("Title VII"), and Section 102 of the Civil Rights Act of 1991, 42 U.S.C. § 1981a. 2 Case 7:11-cv-00134-HL Document 1 Filed 09/29/11 Page 3 of 12 2. The employment practices alleged to be unlawful were committed within the jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia, Waycross Division. PARTIES 3. Plaintiff, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (the "Commission"), is the agency of the United States of America charged with the administration, interpretation and enforcement of Title VII, and is expressly authorized to bring this action by Section 706(f)(1) and (3) and Section 707(a) of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f)(l) and (3), and 2000e-6(a). 4. At all relevant times, Defendant Employer has continuously been a corporation doing business in the state of Georgia and the city of Norman Park, and has continuously had at least 15 employees. 5. At all relevant times, Defendant Employer has continuously been an employer engaged in an industry affecting commerce within the meaning of Sections 701 (b), (g), and (h) of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b), (g), and (h). STATEMENT OF CLAIMS 6. More than thirty days prior to the institution of this lawsuit, Johnny Blackwell, Latoya Blackwell, Michael Blakely, Michael Collins, Kimble Daniels, Fiona Dawson, Rickey Forrest, Terrick Grant, Willie Harmon, Richard Jones, Joanna Lee, Johnny Moore, Sammy Myricks, Jimmy Pasley, Courtney Ranger, 3 Case 7:11-cv-00134-HL Document 1 Filed 09/29/11 Page 4 of 12 Ronnie Severson, Quincy Thornton, Zandrea Wade and Alicia Ware ("Charging Parties") filed charges of discrimination with the Commission alleging violations of Title VII by Defendant Employer. All conditions precedent to the institution of this lawsuit have been fulfilled. Termination Based on National Ori2in 7. Since at least January 2009, Defendant Employer has engaged in unlawful employment practices at its Norman Park location, in violation of Section 703(a) of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. §2000e-2(a), by unlawfully subjecting a class of American employees to a pattern or practice of discriminatory treatment by disproportionately terminating them based on their national origin. 8. Defendant hired approximately 114 American workers and 370 workers from Mexico ("Mexican workers") for the agricultural growing season in AIIIIJ 9. By June 2009, at least 58 American workers were terminated or constructively discharged, and on information and belief, the overwhelming majority of American workers were terminated or constructively discharged prior to the close of the 2009 growing season. 10. Few to none of the Mexican workers were involuntarily terminated or constructively discharged during the 2009 growing season. 4 Case 7:11-cv-00134-HL Document 1 Filed 09/29/11 Page 5 of 12 11. Defendant hired approximately 233 American workers and 518 Mexican workers for the agricultural growing season in 2010. 12. Approximately 80 Americans were fired on May 21, 2010. The Human Resources representative told them "All you Americans are fired." 13. By June 2010, at least 220 American workers were terminated or constructively discharged. 14. Few to none of the 518 Mexican workers were involuntarily terminated or constructively discharged during the 2010 growing season. 15. The termination of American workers in 2009 and 2010 was based on their national origin. Termination Based on Race and /or National Origin 16. Since at least June 2009, Defendant Employer engaged in unlawful employment practices at its Norman Park location, in violation of Section 703(a) of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. §2000e-2(a), by intentionally and unlawfully terminating a group of African American (black) employees on the basis of their race. 17. On June 1, 2009 at least sixteen African American workers were summarily terminated, including Johnny Blackwell, Michael Blakely, Michael Collins, Rickey Forrest, Terrick Grant, Willie Harmon, Richard Jones, Johnny Moore, Sammy Myricks, Jimmy Pasley, Quincy Thornton, Earl Davis, Jerry Davis, Timothy McNealy, Gary Sims and Michael Tuff. 5 Case 7:11-cv-00134-HL Document 1 Filed 09/29/11 Page 6 of 12 18. At the time the decision to discharge these individuals was made, the terminating official said "All you black American people, P#k you all.. .[J]ust go to the office and pick up your check." 19. Willie Harmon, African American, who was not working on the day of the June 1, 2009 mass firing, learned upon his return to work shortly thereafter that he, too, had been terminated. He was told by one of Defendant's supervisors that all of the African Americans had been fired. 20. When Willie Harmon asked why he was terminated, he was told "no specific reason" by the Human Resources representative. 21. Richard Jones, African American, who was not present during the termination arrived shortly thereafter and observed his African American coworkers standing in line to receive their final checks. He too was terminated and given his final check. 22. The termination of these sixteen individuals was based race and/or national origin. 23: On May 9, 2009, Defendant terminated at least seven African American (black) workers, including Fiona Dawson, Zandrea Wade, Alicia Ware, Victoria Bigelow, Maxine Harris, Kayla McCloud and Trina Scott for the express reason that Defendant had been required to pay them over $40.00 in make-up pay. 6 Case 7:11-cv-00134-HL Document 1 Filed 09/29/11 Page 7 of 12 24. Make-up pay is required when an employee performs piece-work labor, but does not gather enough pieces to earn the equivalent of minimum wage during the pay period. In that event, the Defendant was required to pay "make-up pay", the difference between the amount earned and the prevailing minimum wage. 25. Although at least fifty workers from Mexico were paid over $40.00 in make-up pay for a pay period, none of these workers were terminated. 26. The Defendant's articulated reason for terminating the African American workers identified in Paragraph 23 is pretextual because not all persons who had received more than $40.00 in make-up pay were terminated, i.e., the rule was not applied to foreign workers. 27. The African Americans identified in Paragraph 23 were terminated based on their race and/or national origin. Disp arate Terms and Conditions of Employment 28. Since at least March 2009, Defendant Employer engaged in unlawful employment practices at its Norman Park location, in violation of Section 703(a) of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. §2000e-2(a), by intentionally and unlawfully subjecting Americans to disparate terms and conditions of employment based on their national origin and/or race (black). 29. During the 2009 and 2010 growing and harvesting seasons, Defendant gave American workers discriminatory job assignments which resulted in them 7 Case 7:11-cv-00134-HL Document 1 Filed 09/29/11 Page 8 of 12 earning less pay than workers from Mexico. This was done by systemically assigning American workers to pick vegetables on a piece-work basis from rows which had less desirable produce or already been picked by workers from Mexico. 30. During the 2009 and 2010 growing and harvesting seasons, Defendant engaged in a pattern and practice of giving American workers less job opportunities than workers from Mexico. Defendant accomplished this by habitually delaying work start times, sending American workers home and denying them the opportunity to work at all, or ending their workday while allowing Mexican workers to continue to work. 31. The practices complained of in Paragraph 30 resulted in American workers receiving less work hours and less pay than their counterparts from Mexico.. 32. During the 2009 and 2010 growing and harvesting seasons, the Defendant engaged in a pattern or practice of assigning Mexican workers to more favorable job assignments in the packing shed and/or those paid on an hourly basis while assigning American workers to field jobs paid by the piece. 33. The unlawful employment practices complained of in paragraphs 7 through 32 above were done with malice or with reckless indifference to the federally protected rights of the Charging Parties and the American and African American (black) class members. 8 Case 7:11-cv-00134-HL Document 1 Filed 09/29/11 Page 9 of 12 PRAYER FOR RELIEF Wherefore, the Commission respectfully requests that this Court: A. Grant a permanent injunction enjoining Defendant Employer, its officers, agents, servants, employees, attorneys, and all persons in active concert or participation with them, from engaging in a pattern or practice of terminating American and African American persons based on national origin and race in its Georgia facilities and work sites, and engaging in any other employment practice which discriminates on the basis of national origin or race. B. Grant a permanent injunction enjoining Defendant Employer, its officers, agents, servants, employees, attorneys, and all persons in active concert or participation with them, from engaging in a pattern or practice of assigning persons to jobs based on national origin or race in its Georgia facilities and work sites. C. Grant a permanent injunction enjoining Defendant Employer, its officers, agents, servants, employees, attorneys, and all persons in active concert or participation with them, from subjecting American and African-American employees to disparate terms and conditions of employment based on national origin and/or race. D. Order Defendant Employer, to institute and carry out policies, practices, and programs which provide equal employment opportunities for all 9 Case 7:11-cv-00134-HL Document 1 Filed 09/29/11 Page 10 of 12 American and African-American employees, and which eradicate the effects of its past and present unlawful employment practices. E. Order Defendant Employer to make whole the Charging Parties and the class members, by providing appropriate back pay with prejudgment interest, in amounts to be determined at trial, and other affirmative relief necessary to eradicate the effects of its unlawful employment practices. F. Order Defendant Employer to make whole the Charging Parties and the class members, by providing compensation for past and future pecuniary losses resulting from the unlawful practices described in paragraphs 7 through 32 above, including job search expenses, in amounts to be determined at trial. G. Order Defendant Employer to make whole the Charging Parties and the class members, by providing compensation for past and future non-pecuniary losses resulting from the unlawful employment practices complained of in paragraphs 7 through 32 above, including emotional pain, suffering, inconvenience, loss of enjoyment of life, and humiliation, in amounts to be determined at trial. H. Order Defendant Employer to pay to the Charging Parties and the class members punitive damages for its malicious and/or reckless conduct described in paragraphs 7 through 32 above, in amounts to be determined at trial. 10 Case 7:11-cv-00134-HL Document 1 Filed 09/29/11 Page 11 of 12 I. Grant such further relief as the Court deems necessary and proper in the public interest. J. Award the Commission its costs in this action. JURY TRIAL DEMAND The Commission requests a jury trial on all questions of fact raised by its Complaint. Respectfully submitted, P. DAVID LOPEZ General Counsel JAMES L. LEE Deputy General Counsel GWENDOLYN YOUNG REEMS Associate General Counsel 9/29/2011 Date s/ Robert K Dawkins ROBERT K. DAWKINS Regional Attorney Georgia Bar No. 076206 OTTRELL FERRELL EDWARDS Supervisory Trial Attorney Georgia Bar No. 141979 JAMES L. CERWINSKI Trial Attorney Georgia Bar No. 277846 U.S. EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION Atlanta District Office 11 Case 7:11-cv-00134-HL Document 1 Filed 09/29/11 Page 12 of 12 100 Alabama Street, SW, Suite 4R30 Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Telephone: (404)562-6818 Facsimile: (404) 562-6905 12 JS44 (Rev. 1/08 NIGA) Case 7:11-cv-00134-HLCIVIL Document 1-1 Filed 09/29/11 Page 1 of 2 COVER SHEET The JS44 civil cover sheet and the information contained herein neither replace nor supplement the filing and service of pleadings or other papers as required by law, except as provided hy local rules of conrt. This form is required for Meuse of the Clerk of Court for the purpose of initiation the civil docket record. (SEE INSTRUCTIONS ATTACHED) I. (a) PLAINTIFF(S) DEFENDANT(S) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION HAMILTON GROWERS, INC. DiB/A SOUTHERN VALLEY FRUIT AND VEGETABLE, INC. (b) COUNTY OF RESIDENCE OF FIRST LISTED PLAINTIFF_________________________ COUNTY OF RESIDENCE OF FIRST LISTED DEFENTANT_____________________ (EXCEPT IN U.S. PLAINTIFF CASES) (IN U.S. PLAINTIFF CASES ONLY) NOTE: INLAND CO]NDE]VINATION CASES, USE THE LOCATION OF THE TRACT OF LANE INVOLVED (c) ATTORNEYS (FIRM NAME, ADDRESS, TELEPHONE NUMBER, AND ATTORNEYS (IF KNOWN) E-MAIL ADDRESS) Robert K. Dawkins, Regional Attorney James L. Cerwinski, Trial Attorney Equal Employment Opportunity Commission 100 Alabama Street, SW., Suite 4R30; Atlanta, Georgia 30303 (404) 562-6818 (404) 562-6986 robert.dawkinseeoc.gov james.cerwinskieeoc.gov II. BASIS OF JURISDICTION III. CITIZENSHIP OF PRINCIPAL PARTIES (PLACE AN "X" IN ONE BOX ONLY) ELF Dl fl U.S. GOVERNMENT PLAINTIFF 2 U.S. GOVERNMENT DEFENDANT 3 FEDERAL QUESTION (U.S. GOVERNMENT NOT A PARTY) (PLACE AN "X" IN ONE BOX FOR PLAINTIFF AND ONE BOX FOR DEFENDANT) (FOR DIVERSITY CASES ONLY) DEF ELF DEF 1 1 CITIZEN OF THIS STATE fl 4 DIVERSITY (INDICATE IN ITEM III) 3 2 CITIZEN OF ANOTHER STATE 3 CITIZENORSTJBJECTOFA FOREIGN COUNTRY 4 INCORPORATED OR PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS IN THIS STJ 'I E AND PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS INANOTHER STATE 5 fl 5 INCORPORATED 6 0 6 FOREIGN NATION IV. ORIGIN (PLACE AN "X "IN ONE BOX ONLY) 1 ORIGINAL PROCEEDING 2 REMOVED FROM STATE COURT 3 REMANDED FROM APPELLATE COURT 4 REINSTATED OR REOPENED TRANSFERRED FROMAPPEAL TO DISTRICT JUDGE 5 ANOTHER DISTRICT 6 ]VmLTIDISTRICT 7 FROM MAGISTRATE JUDGE (Specify District) LITIGATION JUDGMENT V. CAUSE OF ACT ION JURISDICTIONAL (CITE THE U.S. CIVIL STATUTE TINDER WHICH YOU ARE FILINGA]ND WRITE A BRIEF STATEMENT OF CAUSE - DO NOT CITE STATUTES UNLESS DIVERSITY) Title VII. Discrimination in employment on the basis of national origin and/or race. (IF COMPLEX, CHECK REASON BELOW) C 1. Unusually large number of parties. E 2. Unusually large number of claims or defenses. 3. Factual issues are exceptionally complex E 4. Greater than normal volume of evidence. C 5. Extended discovery period is needed. 0 6. Problems locating or preserving evidence 0 7. Pending parallel investigations or actions by government. o 8. Multiple use of experts. [J 9. Need for discovery outside United States boundaries. E] 10. Existence of highly technical issues and proof CONTINUED ON REVERSE Document 1-1 Filed 09/29/11 Page 2 of 2 VI. NATURE OFCase SUIT7:11-cv-00134-HL (PLACEAN"X"INO]NEBOXONLY) CONTRACT -"0" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK' 150 RECOVERY OF OVERPAYME]NT & ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENT 152 RECOVERY OF DEFATThTED STTJDE]NT LOANS (Excl. Veterans) 153 RECOVERY OF OVERPAYME]NT OF VETERANS BENEFITS CONTRACT -"4" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK 110 INSURANCE 120 MARINE 130 MILLER ACT 140 NEGOTIABLE INSTRUME]NT 151 MEDICARE ACT 160 STOCKHOLDERS SUITS 190 OTHER CONTRACT 195 CONTRACT PRODUCT LIABILITY 196 FRANCHISE REAL PROPERTY -"4" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK 210 LANE CONDEMNATION 220 FORECLOSURE 230 RENT LEASE & EJECTMENT 240 TORTS TO LANE 245 TORT PRODUCT LIABILITY 290 ALL OTHER REAL PROPERTY TORTS -PERSONAL INJURY -"4" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK 310 AIRPLANE 315 AIRPLANE PRODUCT LIABILITY 32OASSATThT, LIBEL &SLA]NDER 330 FEDERAL EMPLOYERS LIABILITY 340 MARINE 345 MARINE PRODUCT LIABILITY 350 MOTOR VEmCLE 355 MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCT LIABILITY 360 OTHER PERSONAL INJURY 362 PERSONAL INJURY - MEDICAL MALPRACTICE 365 PERSONAL INJURY - PRODUCT LIABILITY R 368 ASBESTOS PERSONAL INJURY PRODUCT LIABILITY S TORTS -PERSONAL PROPERTY -"4" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK 370 OTHER FRAUD 371 TRTJ]7H IN LE]NDING 380 OTHER PERSONAL PROPERTY DAMAGE 385 PROPERTY DAMAGE PRODUCT LIABILITY BANKRUPTCY -"0" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK 422 APPEAL 28 USC 158 EM 423 WITHDRAWAL 28 US C 157 CIVIL RIGHTS -"4" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK C , B2 EMPLOYMENT 443 HOUSING! ACCOMMODATIONS 444 WELFARE SS 440 OTHER CIVIL RIGHTS C B5 AMERICANS iith DISABILITIES - Employment 446 AMERICANS iith DISABILITIES - Other SOCIAL SECURITY -"0" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK 861 u39sfr) 862 BLACK LUNG (923) 863 DIWC (405(g)) 863 DIWW (405(gD 8645511) TITLE XVI R 865 RSI (405(g)) FDA IMMIGRATION- "0" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK C 462 NATURALIZATION APPLICATION C 4631IABEAS CORPUS-AlienDetainee C 465 OTHER IMMIGRATION ACTIONS FEDERAL TAX SUITS- "4" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK 870TAXES (U.S. Plaintiff orDefendant) 871 IRS - TH[RD PARTY 26 USC 7(W PRISONER PETITIONS -"0" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK 510 MOTIONS TO VACATE SENTENCE 530 HABEAS CORPUS 535 HABEAS CORPUS DEATH PENALTY 540 MANDAMUS & OTHER 550 CIVILRIGHTS - Filed Prose 555 PRISON CONDITION(S) - Filed Prose OTHER STATUTES - "4" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK 400 STATE REAPPORTIONMENT AND BANKING 430 BANKS E 450 COMIVIERCEJTCC RATESJETC. 460 DEPORTATION 470 RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUF]7 ORGANIZATIONS 480 CONSUMER CREDIT 490 CABLE/SATELLITE TV R 810 SELECTIVE SERVICE F i 875 CUSTOMER CHALLENGE 12 USC 3410 891 AGRICULTURAL ACTS 892 ECONOMIC STABILIZATION ACT 893 ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS 894 ENERGY ALLOCATION ACT PRISONER PETITIONS -"4" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK 550 CIVIL mGHTS - Filed by Counsel PmSON CO]NDITION(S) - Filed by Counsel C FORFEITURE/PENALTY -"4" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK =610AGRICULTURE 620 FOOD &DRUG S 625 DRUG RELATED SEIZURE OF PROPERTY 21 USC 881 EM 630 LIQUOR LAWS C EM 650 AIRLINE REGS. C 660 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY! HEALTH EM 690 OTHER C C - C 900 APPEAL OF FEE DETERMINATION UNDER C C EQUAL ACCESS TO JUSTICE 950 CONSTITUTIONALITY OF STATE STATUTES 890 OTHER STATUTORY ACTIONS OTHER STATUTES - "S" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK 410ANTITRUST 850 SECURITIES / COMMODITIES / EXCHANGE C C LABOR- "4" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK C 710 FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT 720 LABOR/MGMT. RELATIONS S 730 LABOR/MGMT. REPORTING & DISCLOSU} ACT EM 740 RAILWAY LABOR ACT EM 790 OTHER LABOR LITIGATION EM 791 EMPL. RET. INC. SECURITY ACT PROPERTY RIGHTS -"4" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK 820 COPYRIGHTS C 840 TRADEMARK PROPERTY RIGHTS -"8" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK 83O PATENT OTHER STATUTES - "0" MONTHS DISCOVERY TRACK ARBITRATION (Confinn / Vacate / Order / Modify) C (Note: Mark underlying Nature of Suit as well) * PLEASE NOTE DISCOVERY TRACK FOR EACH CASE TYPE. SEE LOCAL RULE 26.3 VII. REQUESTED IN COMPLAINT: CHECK IF CLASS ACTION UNDER F.R.Civ.P. 23 DEMAND JURY DEMAND D YES [1 NO (CHECK YES ONLY IF DEMANDED IN COMPLAINT) VIII. RELATED/REFILED CASE(S) IF ANY JUDGE NO.__________________ CIVIL CASES ARE DEEMED RELATED IF THE PENDING CASE INVOLVES: (CHECK APPROPRIATE BOX) D C 2. C 3. C 4. 1. PROPERTY INCLUDED IN AN EARLIER NUMBERED PENDING SUIT. SAME ISSUE OF FACT OR ARISES OUT OF THE SAME EVENT OR TRANSACTION INCLUDED IN AN EARLIER NUMBERED PENDING SUIT. VALIDITY OR INFRINGEMENT OF THE SAME PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR TRADEMARK INCLUDED IN AN EARLIER NUMBERED PENDING SUIT. APPEALS ARISING OUT OF THE SAME BANKRUPTCY CASE AND ANY CASE RELATED THERETO WHICH HAVE BEEN DECIDED BY THE SAME BANKRUPTCY JUDGE. REPETITIVE CASES FILED BY PRO SE LITIGANTS. 6. COMPANION OR RELATED CASE TO CASE(S) BEING SIMULTANEOUSLY FILED (INCLUDE ABBREVIATED STYLE OF OTHER CASE(S)): C. 0 C 7. EITHER SAME OR ALL OF THE PARTIES AND ISSUES IN THIS CASE WERE PREVIOUSLY INVOLVED IN CASE NO. DISMISSED. This NOT (check one box) SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME CASE. case CIS CIS Robert K. Dawkins 9/29/11 SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY OF RECORD DATE ,WHICH WAS