THE HENRY J. FOUNDATION Topline Methodology CNN Kaiser Family Foundation Survey of Americans on Race November 2015 METHODOLOGY The CNN/Kaiser Family Foundation Survey of Americans on Race was conducted August 25-October 3, 2015, among a nationally representative, probability-based random digit dial telephone sample of 1,951 adults ages 18 and older, living in the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii (Note: persons without a telephone could not be included in the random selection process). Computer-assisted telephone interviews conducted by landline (715) and cell phone (1,236, including 771 who had no landline telephone) were carried out in English and Spanish by SSRS. CNN and the Kaiser Family Foundation both contributed financing for the survey, and teams from both organizations worked together to develop the survey questionnaire and analyze the data. Each organization is responsible for its content. To ensure there were enough respondents to capture the views and experiences of Black and Hispanic Americans, the full sample includes additional interviews with randomly selected African Americans and Hispanic Americans (commonly referred to as an “oversample”), for a total of 500 Black and 501 Hispanic respondents, although results for all groups have been adjusted to reflect their actual national distribution (See weighting description below). To oversample Blacks and Hispanics, the sample plan consisted of three elements: 1) general population respondents were reached by random digit dialing landline telephones or cell phones (1401 total, including 215 Blacks, 236 Hispanics); 2) respondents were reached by RDD landline or cell phone, and interviewed only if they were Black (186) or Hispanic (187); 3) prescreened respondents were reached by calling back phone numbers where respondents previously interviewed indicated that a person answering that number was either Black (100) or Hispanic (77). Both the RDD landline and cell phone samples were designed to target areas with high incidences of Black and Hispanics, and all phone numbers matched to a directory listing with a Hispanic surname were defined as a separate sampling group and oversampled. Both the RDD landline and cell phone samples were provided by Marketing Systems Group (MSG). A multi-stage weighting process was applied to ensure an accurate representation of the national adult population. The first stage of weighting involved corrections for sample design, including a correction for the oversampling of telephone exchanges known to have higher incidences of Blacks and Hispanics, the likelihood of non-response for the re-contacted sample, and an adjustment to account for the fact that respondents with both a landline and cell phone have a higher probability of selection. The second weighting stage was conducted for each racial group separately, weighting to match estimates for the national population using data from the Census Bureau’s 2014 March supplement of the Current Population Survey (CPS), and a distribution of phone use was estimated based on the CDC’s National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The weighting parameters used were age and gender, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, census region, population density of the respondents’ county, and telephone use. The sample of Hispanic respondents was weighted by nativity and national family heritage (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, and all other countries). Each group was weighted to reflect the population distribution of race among the U.S. adult population. All statistical tests of significance account for the effect of weighting. The margin of sampling error including the design effect for the full sample is plus or minus 3 percentage points; for results based on African American and Hispanics it is plus or minus 6 percentage points. Numbers of respondents and margins of sampling error for key subgroups are shown in the table below. For items based on half samples, including half samples of only Whites or half samples of those of races other than Black or Hispanic, the MOSE for the total is +/- 4 percentage points and the MOSE for Whites is +/- 6 percentage points. For half samples of Blacks or Hispanics, the MOSE is typically +/- 8 percentage points for each group. For results based on other subgroups, the margin of sampling error may be higher. Sample sizes and margins of sampling error for other subgroups are available by request. Note that sampling error is only one of many potential sources of error in this or any other public opinion poll. Kaiser Family Foundation public opinion and survey research is a charter member of the Transparency Initiative of the American Association for Public Opinion Research. Group Total White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Hispanic N (unweighted) 1,951 772 501 500 M.O.S.E. ±3 percentage points ±4 percentage points ±6 percentage points ±6 percentage points The project team from the Kaiser Family Foundation: Mollyann Brodie, Senior Vice President for Executive Operations and Executive Director of Public Opinion and Survey Research, Bianca DiJulio, Associate Director of Public Opinion and Survey Research, Mira Norton, Survey Analyst, and Symone Jackson, Research Assistant. The project team from CNN included Jennifer Agiesta, Director of Polling, Geraldine Moriba, VP of Diversity and Inclusion; Veronica Molina, Executive Director of News Standards and Practices; Kristi Ramsay, Senior Producer Cross Platform Planning; Meridith Edwards, Senior Producer Cross Platform Planning; Jonathan Wald, Executive Producer, CNN Tonight; Manuel Perez, Editorial Director, CNN.com; Mira Lowe, Senior Editor, CNN.com,; Nicole Ridgway, Senior Section Editor, CNNMoney.com and an extensive group of dedicated journalists. 2 NOTES FOR READING THE TOPLINE: – Percentages may not always add up to 100 percent due to rounding – Values less than 0.5 percent are indicated by an asterisk (*) – “Vol.” indicates a response was volunteered by the respondent, not offered as an explicit choice TREND INFORMATION: 4/92: 9/95: 2/97: 10/98: 11/99: 4/01: 5/01: 2/02: 2/03: 6/04: 4/06: 1/09: 2/09: 2/11: 11/11: 6/13: 12/14: 2/15: CNN/TIME 1992 (conducted April 30, 1992) The Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard University Four Americas, 1995 (conducted August-September, 1995) CNN/USA Today/Gallup 1997 (conducted January 4-February 28, 1997) CNN/USA Today/Gallup 1998 (conducted August 13-October 26, 1998) CNN/USA Today/Gallup 1999 (conducted September 24-November 16, 1999) The Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard University, Race and Ethnicity, 2001 (conducted March 8-April 22, 2001) CNN/USA Today/Gallup 2001 (conducted March 23-May 16, 2001) CNN/USA Today/Gallup 2002 (conducted January 25-February 10, 2002) CNN/USA Today/Gallup 2002 (conducted December 9, 2002-February 11, 2003) CNN/USA Today/Gallup 2004 (conducted June 9-June 30, 2004) The Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard University, Black Men Survey 2006 (conducted March 20-April 29, 2006) CNN/ORC 2009 (conducted January 12-15, 2009) Pew Economic Mobility, 2009 (conducted January 27-February 8, 2009) The Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard University, Race and Recession in 2011 (conducted January 27-February 9, 2011) The Washington Post/Kaiser Family Foundation, Black Women in America (conducted October 6-November 2, 2011) CNN/ORC 2013 (conducted June 11-13, 2013) CNN/ORC 2014 (conducted December 18-21, 2014) CNN/ORC 2015 (conducted February 12-15, 2015) 3 R1. R2. Are you, yourself, of Hispanic or Latino background, such as Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or other Latin American background? Yes Total 15 No 84 Don’t know/Refused 1 What race or races do you consider yourself to be? Please select one or more of the following categories. [CONFIRM WITH RESPONDENT: Is there any other race you consider yourself to be]? [IF RESPONDENT SAYS “HISPANIC” ASK: Do you consider yourself white-Hispanic, black-Hispanic or some other race”] (READ RESPONSES) Total 77 White Black or African American 15 Asian 2 American Indian or Alaska Native 4 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (vol.) * Just Hispanic 2 Some other race 2 Don’t know/Refused 2 Percentages will add to more than 100 due to multiple responses Race Combo Table based on total Total 15 Hispanic E. White Non-Hispanic 65 Black Non-Hispanic 12 Mixed Non-Hispanic 3 Asian Non-Hispanic 2 Other Non-Hispanic 3 Non-Hispanic Don’t know/Refused race 1 RECORD GENDER OF RESPONDENT Male Female Total 49 White 47 Black 45 Hispanic 50 51 53 55 50 Q1. How big a problem is racism in our society today? Is it a big problem, somewhat of a problem, a small problem or not a problem at all? --------------------------A problem------------------ -------------------Not a problem---------------Not a A small problem at NET problem all Don’t know/ Refused N 7 8 4 2 1 1 1951 1936 1970 11 17 13 6 7 4 2 1 1 772 698 802 7 12 5 3 7 5 3 4 1 1 * -- 501 1019 474 18 17 18 7 8 12 10 9 5 1 1 2 500 149 251 NET A big problem Somewhat of a problem 83 76 83 49 28 41 33 48 42 16 23 16 9 16 12 82 75 83 43 21 38 38 53 45 17 24 17 92 88 95 66 50 68 27 38 27 81 82 81 64 43 46 18 39 35 All 10/15 11/11 9/95 White 10/15 11/11 9/95 Black 10/15 11/11 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 11/11 9/95 Q2. Compared to your parents, do you think it is easier or harder for you to achieve the American Dream? (If Easier/Harder, Ask: Is that much or somewhat easier/harder?) ----------------EASIER---------------- ---------------HARDER-------------- NET Much easier Somewhat easier NET Somewhat harder Much harder About the same (vol.) Don’t know/ Refused N 40 50 14 22 26 28 51 42 26 24 25 18 6 7 3 1 1951 1085 35 46 12 18 23 28 56 45 30 29 26 16 6 8 3 1 772 504 55 63 22 32 34 31 36 32 16 14 20 18 5 2 4 3 501 260 52 62 17 33 35 29 42 34 20 10 22 24 2 1 4 2 500 272 All 10/15 2/09 White 10/15 2/09 Black 10/15 2/09 Hispanic 10/15 2/09 5 Q3. Overall, would you say you are satisfied or dissatisfied with your own personal financial situation? (GET ANSWER, THEN ASK: Would that be very satisfied/dissatisfied, or somewhat satisfied/dissatisfied)? ---------------------SATISFIED----------------Somewhat NET Very satisfied satisfied ---------------------DISSATISFIED------------Somewhat Very NET dissatisfied dissatisfied Don’t know/ Refused N All 10/15 2/11 White 10/15 2/11 Black 10/15 2/11 Hispanic 10/15 2/11 Q4. 65 57 24 21 41 36 34 41 17 20 16 21 1 3 1951 1959 68 60 26 22 42 38 31 37 15 19 16 18 1 3 772 826 47 51 14 16 34 35 51 47 28 20 23 27 2 2 501 501 67 47 26 17 41 30 31 50 19 24 12 25 2 3 500 501 What best describes your employment situation today? (READ LIST) Employed Employed full-time Employed part-time Not employed Unemployed and currently seeking employment Unemployed and not seeking employment A student Retired On disability and can’t work A homemaker or stay at home parent Don’t know/Refused Q4a. All 57 46 11 43 4 2 5 18 7 6 1 White 56 46 9 44 3 1 5 23 6 6 * Black 56 42 14 44 6 2 8 14 12 3 * Hispanic 58 45 13 41 8 3 7 8 6 9 * As you may know, the Voting Rights Act was passed in the 1960s to prevent state and local governments from using rules and procedures which prevented many blacks from voting. Do you think the Voting Rights Act is necessary today to make sure that blacks are allowed to vote, or do you think the Voting Rights Act is no longer necessary? Necessary today No longer necessary Don’t know/Refused 53 51 48 52 38 47 50 47 8 1 2 1 49 48 49 42 50 50 10 2 1 77 76 65 21 23 33 2 * 1 57 35 7 All 10/15 2/15 6/13 1/09 White 10/15 2/15 1/09 Black 10/15 2/15 1/09 Hispanic 10/15 6 Q5. Are the people (INSERT) …? (READ LIST) (Scramble items a-c) (ROTATE RESPONSE OPTIONS 1-4/4-1) a. In your neighborhood All White Black Hispanic All the same race as you 13 15 10 8 Mostly the same race as you 45 54 31 27 Mostly of a different race than you 23 16 36 39 All of a different race than you 12 9 15 20 About half are the same race (Vol.) 5 4 6 4 Don’t know/Refused 2 1 2 2 N 1951 772 501 500 b. You socialize with All White Black Hispanic All the same race as you 10 10 8 14 Mostly the same race as you 49 57 37 29 Mostly of a different race than you 21 16 33 31 All of a different race than you 12 9 14 20 About half are the same race (Vol.) 6 6 6 4 Don’t know/Refused 2 1 2 2 N 1951 772 501 500 Mostly the same race as you 37 46 14 28 Mostly of a different race than you 26 19 52 27 All of a different race than you 15 10 23 23 About half are the same race (Vol.) 8 9 7 7 Don’t know/Refused 2 2 2 3 N 1009 378 233 292 c. Where you work Based on total who are employed All White Black Hispanic All the same race as you 12 14 3 12 7 Q6. Do you believe it is the responsibility or IS NOT the responsibility of the federal government to make sure minorities have equality with whites in each of the following areas, even if it means you will have to pay more in taxes? Making sure minorities have (INSERT ITEM)? (Scramble items a-c) (IF NECESSARY: Do you believe it is the responsibility or IS NOT the responsibility of the federal government to make sure minorities have equality with whites in each of the following areas, even if it means you will have to pay more in taxes? Making sure minorities have (INSERT ITEM)?) a. Incomes equal to whites IS the responsibility of the federal government Is NOT the responsibility of the federal government Don’t know/Refused 47 39 49 59 4 2 40 34 57 65 3 1 67 69 29 30 4 1 63 60 30 35 7 5 IS the responsibility of the federal government Is NOT the responsibility of the federal government Don’t know/Refused 65 70 72 32 28 26 3 2 2 60 65 66 37 33 32 3 2 2 82 89 93 16 7 7 2 4 1 77 79 89 18 18 9 5 3 2 All 10/15 9/95 White 10/15 9/95 Black 10/15 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 9/95 b. Schools equal in quality to those attended by whites All 10/15 4/01 9/95 White 10/15 4/01 9/95 Black 10/15 4/01 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 4/01 9/95 8 c. Treatment by the courts and police equal to that received by whites IS the responsibility of the federal government Is NOT the responsibility of the federal government Don’t know/Refused 71 73 77 25 24 21 4 3 2 66 69 73 30 28 24 4 3 2 89 89 88 9 10 10 2 1 2 81 80 89 14 15 9 5 4 1 All 10/15 4/01 9/95 White 10/15 4/01 9/95 Black 10/15 4/01 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 4/01 9/95 Q7. Now please tell me how much discrimination there is against each of these groups in our society today. How about (INSERT, Randomize)? Would you say there is a lot of discrimination, some, only a little, or none at all? (Scramble items a-d; never ask item d first) a. African Americans --------------------A lot/Some--------------A lot of NET discrimination Some ------------------Only a little/None at all-------------NET Only a little None at all Don’t know/ Refused All 10/15 4/01 White 10/15 4/01 Black 10/15 4/01 Hispanic 10/15 4/01 77 74 36 25 40 49 22 23 16 16 6 7 1 3 75 71 30 20 45 51 24 26 18 17 7 8 1 3 93 86 66 48 27 39 6 11 6 9 * 2 1 3 74 79 42 31 32 48 24 18 18 12 6 6 1 3 9 b. Hispanic Americans --------------------A lot/Some--------------- ------------------Only a little/None at all-------------- NET A lot of discrimination Some NET Only a little None at all Don’t know/ Refused 10/15 74 30 44 24 18 6 3 4/01 66 19 47 31 23 8 3 10/15 71 25 46 27 20 7 2 4/01 64 15 49 33 24 9 3 10/15 84 41 42 13 12 2 3 4/01 73 35 38 22 18 4 5 10/15 78 40 38 21 16 5 1 4/01 78 28 50 20 16 5 1 All White Black Hispanic c. Asian Americans Based on Random Half Sample A --------------------A lot/Some--------------- --------------Only a little/None at all----------- NET A lot of discrimination Some NET Only a little None at all Don’t know/ Refused 10/15 42 5 36 53 33 20 5 961 4/01 55 8 46 41 29 12 5 1709 10/15 41 3 37 54 32 22 5 371 4/01 54 6 47 41 29 12 5 779 10/15 48 8 40 45 37 8 7 244 4/01 60 14 46 35 29 6 5 323 10/15 40 10 30 56 38 19 3 252 4/01 60 17 43 37 26 11 3 315 N All White Black Hispanic 10 d. White Americans Based on Random Half Sample B --------------------A lot/Some--------------- --------------Only a little/None at all----------- None at all Don’t know/ Refused N 31 24 1 990 55 29 26 2 1709 37 52 30 22 1 401 9 38 52 30 22 1 779 37 6 32 60 33 27 3 257 33 8 25 65 34 31 2 323 10/15 29 11 18 69 36 34 2 248 4/01 37 8 30 60 21 39 2 315 NET A lot of discrimination Some NET Only a little 10/15 43 10 33 56 4/01 43 8 35 10/15 47 10 4/01 46 10/15 4/01 All White Black Hispanic (ROTATE Q8a and Q8b) Q8a. Thinking specifically about African Americans, do you think the average African American is better off, worse off, or just as well off as the average white person in terms of (INSERT ITEM)? Is that a lot better/worse off or just a little? What about in terms of (INSERT NEXT ITEM).(IF NECESSARY: Do you think the average African American is better off, worse off, or just about as well off as the average white person? Is that a lot better/worse off or just a little?) (Scramble items a-c, scramble items in Q8a/ Q8b in same order) Based on total who are African American or Hispanic and a Random Half Sample C of all other races a. Income ----------------BETTER OFF-------------- ---------------WORSE OFF--------------- NET A lot better off A little better off NET A little worse off A lot worse off Just about as well off Don’t know/Refused N 10/15 7 3 4 52 27 25 35 6 1501 4/01 7 2 5 58 37 21 33 2 1709 9/95 3 2 1 61 36 26 32 3 667 10/15 5 2 3 50 29 22 38 6 400 4/01 4 2 3 57 39 18 38 1 779 9/95 3 2 1 56 36 20 38 4 257 10/15 9 4 5 71 25 46 17 4 501 4/01 9 3 7 73 31 42 15 2 323 9/95 4 1 2 84 28 56 11 1 153 10/15 10 4 6 49 27 23 37 4 500 4/01 14 3 11 54 32 22 29 3 315 9/95 4 2 2 70 39 32 22 3 106 All White Black Hispanic 11 b. Education ----------------BETTER OFF--------------- ---------------WORSE OFF--------------- NET A lot better off A little better off NET A little worse off A lot worse off Just about as well off Don’t know/Refused N 10/15 8 4 4 47 22 24 40 5 1501 4/01 10 4 6 49 31 18 39 2 1709 9/95 8 5 3 46 25 21 43 3 667 10/15 7 4 3 46 22 24 42 6 400 4/01 7 3 5 49 33 16 42 2 779 9/95 8 4 3 41 25 16 49 3 257 10/15 12 6 6 59 26 34 27 1 501 4/01 11 5 6 59 29 31 26 4 323 9/95 5 2 3 68 23 46 24 3 153 10/15 11 3 7 41 22 20 43 5 500 4/01 14 5 9 46 30 16 38 2 315 9/95 9 7 2 56 28 28 31 3 106 All White Black Hispanic c. Housing ----------------BETTER OFF--------------- ---------------WORSE OFF--------------- NET A lot better off A little better off NET A little worse off A lot worse off Just about as well off Don’t know/Refused N 10/15 7 4 4 51 25 26 35 6 1501 9/95 7 3 4 57 30 28 34 2 667 10/15 5 3 2 50 25 25 38 6 400 9/95 7 3 4 52 31 22 38 2 257 10/15 11 4 8 65 24 41 21 4 501 9/95 7 4 3 74 22 53 16 2 153 10/15 12 4 8 51 27 23 34 4 500 9/95 4 2 2 67 26 41 29 * 106 All White Black Hispanic 12 Q8b. Thinking specifically about Hispanic Americans, do you think the average Hispanic American is better off, worse off, or just as well off as the average white person in terms of (INSERT ITEM)? Is that a lot better/worse off or just a little? What about in terms of (INSERT NEXT ITEM).(IF NECESSARY: Do you think the average Hispanic American is better off, worse off, or just about as well off as the average white person? Is that a lot better/worse off or just a little?)(Scramble items a-c, scramble items in Q8a/Q8b in same order) Based on total who are African American or Hispanic and a Random Half Sample D of all other races a. Income -----------------BETTER OFF------------ ----------------WORSE OFF------------- NET A lot better off A little better off NET A little worse off A lot worse off Just about as well off Don’t know/Refused N 10/15 11 4 6 54 28 26 29 6 1451 4/01 6 2 4 67 37 30 25 2 1709 9/95 4 2 3 66 32 34 26 4 669 10/15 8 4 4 56 29 27 30 6 372 4/01 5 2 3 68 40 28 26 1 779 9/95 3 1 2 64 34 29 29 4 257 10/15 15 5 10 58 24 34 20 7 501 4/01 7 1 6 69 26 43 20 3 323 9/95 5 3 2 76 19 57 16 3 174 10/15 15 3 12 51 30 21 31 4 500 4/01 11 3 8 60 32 28 27 1 315 9/95 6 3 4 74 33 41 20 -- 70 All White Black Hispanic b. Education -----------------BETTER OFF-------------- ----------------WORSE OFF-------------- NET A lot better off A little better off NET A little worse off A lot worse off Just about as well off Don’t know/Refused N 10/15 10 4 6 44 25 19 42 4 1451 4/01 7 3 4 58 36 22 33 3 1709 9/95 6 3 3 54 26 27 37 4 669 10/15 7 3 4 44 24 19 45 4 372 4/01 5 2 3 58 38 20 34 2 779 9/95 5 3 2 52 28 24 39 4 257 10/15 14 7 6 55 26 29 25 6 501 4/01 7 1 6 65 28 37 23 6 323 9/95 8 5 3 65 20 45 24 3 174 10/15 15 4 11 41 24 17 43 1 500 4/01 13 4 8 51 27 24 36 1 315 9/95 8 5 3 55 27 28 37 -- 70 All White Black Hispanic 13 c. Housing -----------------BETTER OFF-------------- ----------------WORSE OFF-------------- NET A lot better off A little better off NET A little worse off A lot worse off Just about as well off Don’t know/Refused N 10/15 10 3 7 52 27 25 31 7 1451 9/95 6 3 3 63 31 32 28 4 669 10/15 8 3 5 52 26 26 32 8 372 9/95 5 3 3 61 32 28 30 4 257 10/15 12 3 9 59 25 34 24 5 501 9/95 5 3 2 76 21 56 15 4 174 10/15 17 4 14 49 31 19 32 2 500 9/95 9 7 2 64 33 30 27 -- 70 All White Black Hispanic (ROTATE Q9a and Q9b) Q9a. Here is a list of things some people have mentioned as reasons for the economic and social problems African Americans face today. For each one, please tell me if you think it is a major reason for the problems African Americans face, a minor reason, or not a reason at all? What about (INSERT 1st ITEM)? Is that a major reason, a minor reason, or not a reason for the problems African Americans face?(READ FULL QUESTION AND LIST FOR 1st TWO ITEMS, AND THEN AS NEEDED) Based on total who are African American or Hispanic and a Random Half Sample C of all other races a. Past and present discrimination ---------------------------IS A REASON-----------------------NET Major reason Minor reason Not a reason at all Don’t know/Refused N 80 82 46 41 34 41 17 14 3 4 1501 667 78 81 38 36 40 45 20 15 2 4 400 257 91 91 69 71 22 20 8 7 1 2 501 153 86 77 64 50 22 26 11 15 2 9 500 106 All 10/15 9/95 White 10/15 9/95 Black 10/15 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 9/95 14 b. Lack of educational opportunities ---------------------------IS A REASON-----------------------NET Major reason Minor reason Not a reason at all Don’t know/Refused N 72 74 43 41 29 33 28 24 1 2 1501 667 67 71 37 36 30 35 32 27 1 2 400 257 86 87 55 67 31 21 14 11 * 2 501 153 79 71 53 46 26 25 19 24 2 5 500 106 All 10/15 9/95 White 10/15 9/95 Black 10/15 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 9/95 c. Lack of motivation and unwillingness to work hard -----------------------IS A REASON------------------NET Major reason Minor reason Not a reason at all Don’t know/Refused N 69 68 36 35 33 32 27 29 4 3 1501 667 65 66 31 32 35 34 30 30 5 3 400 257 77 65 42 39 35 26 21 32 2 2 501 153 80 71 51 45 30 26 18 24 2 5 500 106 All 10/15 9/95 White 10/15 9/95 Black 10/15 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 9/95 No item d e. Lack of jobs ----------------------IS A REASON-------------------NET Major reason Minor reason Not a reason at all Don’t know/Refused N 78 79 44 44 34 35 20 20 2 1 1501 667 75 78 38 37 37 41 23 21 2 1 400 257 91 94 64 74 27 20 7 5 1 1 501 153 80 77 59 62 21 16 18 20 2 2 500 106 All 10/15 9/95 White 10/15 9/95 Black 10/15 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 9/95 15 f. Breakup of the African American family ---------------------------IS A REASON------------------------NET Major reason Minor reason Not a reason at all Don’t know/Refused N 77 81 53 56 24 25 17 14 6 5 1501 667 75 81 51 58 24 24 18 15 7 4 400 257 86 82 61 62 25 20 11 16 3 2 501 153 80 76 56 43 24 33 16 11 4 13 500 106 All 10/15 9/95 White 10/15 9/95 Black 10/15 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 9/95 Q9b. Here is a list of things some people have mentioned as reasons for the economic and social problems Hispanic Americans face today. For each one, please tell me if you think it is a major reason for the problems Hispanic Americans face, a minor reason, or not a reason at all? What about (INSERT 1st ITEM)? Is that a major reason, a minor reason, or not a reason for the problems Hispanic Americans face? (READ FULL QUESTION AND LIST FOR 1st TWO ITEMS, AND THEN AS NEEDED) (Scramble items a-f; scramble items in Q9a/Q9b in the same order) Based on total who are African American or Hispanic and a Random Half Sample D of all other races a. Past and present discrimination -------------------------IS A REASON------------------------NET Major reason Minor reason Not a reason at all Don’t know/Refused N 76 81 37 34 39 46 21 16 3 3 1451 669 74 80 30 31 44 49 23 18 3 3 372 257 80 89 51 58 29 30 15 8 5 4 501 174 87 82 57 43 30 39 11 15 2 4 500 70 All 10/15 9/95 White 10/15 9/95 Black 10/15 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 9/95 16 b. Lack of educational opportunities ---------------------------IS A REASON----------------------NET Major reason Minor reason Not a reason at all Don’t know/Refused N 72 81 38 48 33 33 25 17 3 2 1451 669 67 80 30 46 37 35 30 18 3 2 372 257 83 87 54 63 29 25 14 9 3 3 501 174 86 85 62 51 24 35 12 15 2 -- 500 70 All 10/15 9/95 White 10/15 9/95 Black 10/15 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 9/95 c. Lack of motivation and unwillingness to work hard ---------------------------IS A REASON----------------------NET Major reason Minor reason Not a reason at all Don’t know/Refused N 43 59 19 26 24 33 53 37 3 4 1451 669 40 59 13 25 26 34 58 37 2 4 372 257 46 63 17 19 28 43 50 32 4 6 501 174 63 60 43 41 20 19 34 37 2 3 500 70 All 10/15 9/95 White 10/15 9/95 Black 10/15 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 9/95 d. Language problems ---------------------------IS A REASON----------------------NET Major reason Minor reason Not a reason at all Don’t know/Refused N 86 89 56 57 30 33 13 9 2 2 1451 669 86 89 56 55 30 33 13 9 2 2 372 257 88 93 55 59 33 33 10 6 2 2 501 174 88 91 58 66 29 25 11 9 1 * 500 70 All 10/15 9/95 White 10/15 9/95 Black 10/15 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 9/95 17 e. Lack of jobs ---------------------------IS A REASON----------------------NET Major reason Minor reason Not a reason at all Don’t know/Refused N 69 83 35 48 34 36 28 13 3 3 1451 669 64 82 29 42 34 40 32 15 4 4 372 257 81 93 39 74 42 19 16 4 4 3 501 174 85 87 61 68 25 19 13 13 1 -- 500 70 All 10/15 9/95 White 10/15 9/95 Black 10/15 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 9/95 f. Breakup of the Hispanic American family -------------------------IS A REASON----------------------NET Major reason Minor reason Not a reason at all Don’t know/Refused N 61 72 27 30 34 41 28 22 11 6 1451 669 59 70 21 28 39 42 29 24 12 6 372 257 64 74 31 38 33 37 27 18 10 8 501 174 76 78 56 44 20 34 20 17 4 4 500 70 All 10/15 9/95 White 10/15 9/95 Black 10/15 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 9/95 18 Q10. During the last ten years, do you think tensions between racial and ethnic groups in (INSERT ITEM) have increased, decreased, or stayed about the same? (Scramble items a-b) a. This country Increased Decreased Stayed about the same Don’t know/Refused 64 29 47 10 28 14 25 41 39 1 2 1 67 27 45 9 30 15 23 41 40 1 2 * 65 34 59 9 23 10 26 41 32 1 1 * 55 31 47 12 25 13 32 43 38 1 2 2 All 10/15 4/01 9/95 White 10/15 4/01 9/95 Black 10/15 4/01 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 4/01 9/95 b. Your community All White Black Hispanic Increased 23 21 27 31 Decreased 18 17 19 17 Stayed about the same 57 61 51 50 Don’t know/Refused 2 2 2 2 19 Q11. How much of a role, if any, do you think (INSERT) should play in improving race relations in the US? Do you think (they/it) should play a major role, a minor role or no role at all in improving race relations in the US? What about (INSERT ITEM)? (READ FULL QUESTION FOR 1st TWO ITEMS; THEN AS NEEDED) (SCRAMBLE ITEMS a-d) (ITEMS B/D INSERT “they”; ITEMS A/C INSERT “it”) (ASK ITEMS A/D OF HALF SAMPLE; ASK ITEMS B/C OTHER HALF SAMPLE) Items a & d based on total Half Sample E Items b & c based on total Half Sample F ------------------------PLAYS A ROLE----------------------- a. The federal government All White Black Hispanic b. Individuals themselves All White Black Hispanic c. Your local government All White Black Hispanic d. The news media All White Black Hispanic Q12. NET Major Minor No role at all Don’t know/Refused N 78 74 92 89 50 41 73 70 28 33 18 19 21 25 7 10 1 1 1 1 935 379 237 232 96 97 95 95 85 84 90 86 11 13 5 9 3 2 5 4 1 1 * 1 1016 393 264 268 85 82 95 93 54 45 75 74 31 36 20 19 14 17 4 5 2 2 1 2 1016 393 264 268 69 62 83 84 50 41 68 68 19 21 15 16 29 35 16 14 2 3 1 1 935 379 237 232 Do you think most White Americans today HAVE or HAVE NOT benefited from discrimination against minorities? All White Black Hispanic Have 38 29 66 55 Have not 55 65 27 39 1 Don’t know/Refused 6 6 7 6 1 Twenty eight respondents interviewed on the first night of the field period responded to the following version of the question, “Which of the following two statements comes closer to your view: White Americans today have benefitted from past and present discrimination against minorities OR Most white Americans today have NOT benefitted from past and present discrimination against minorities.” 20 Q13. As a way to make up for the harm caused by slavery, do you think the government should or should not (INSERT ITEM) Black Americans who are descendants of slaves? (IF NECESSARY: We do value your opinions on these important topics. Please be assured your answers will be kept strictly confidential) (SCRAMBLE ITEMS a-b) a. Make cash payments to 2 Something else (vol.) Should Should NOT Don’t know/Refused 18 14 77 81 * 5 5 8 6 89 90 * 4 4 52 55 42 37 * 6 8 37 57 * 6 All 10/15 2/02 White 10/15 2/02 Black 10/15 2/02 Hispanic 10/15 b. Provide free health care for Should Should NOT Something else (vol.) Don’t know/Refused 25 70 1 3 12 84 1 3 60 35 1 5 55 41 1 4 All 10/15 White 10/15 Black 10/15 Hispanic 10/15 2 Trend wording for February 2002 read, “Do you think the government should—or should not—make cash payments to black Americans who are descendants of slaves?” Response options in 2002 did not include “Something else (vol.).” 21 (Rotate Q14a and Q14b) Q14a. In general, do you think that the country’s criminal justice system treats whites and blacks equally or does it favor whites over blacks? Based on total who are African American or Hispanic and a Random Half Sample C of all other races Treats whites and blacks equally Favors whites over blacks Favors blacks over whites (vol.) Depends (vol.) Don’t know/Refused N 32 42 41 25 56 50 51 48 2 4 1 2 3 2 6 8 6 2 1 17 1501 1027 1011 1102 38 49 28 48 42 43 2 6 2 4 1 8 8 2 19 400 733 798 9 19 5 86 76 84 1 * -- 2 3 6 3 2 5 501 309 200 29 66 1 1 3 500 All 10/15 2/15 12/14 4/92 White 10/15 2/15 4/92 Black 10/15 2/15 4/92 Hispanic 10/15 Q14b. In general, do you think that the country’s criminal justice system treats whites and Hispanics equally or does it favor whites over Hispanics? Based on total who are African American or Hispanic and a Random Half Sample D of all other races All White Black Hispanic Treats whites and Hispanics equally 35 41 12 28 Favors whites over Hispanics 53 45 81 68 Favors Hispanics over whites (vol.) 1 1 * * Depends (vol.) 2 3 1 1 Don’t know/Refused 9 9 5 3 N 1451 372 501 500 22 Q15. After incidents in which unarmed African Americans are harmed or killed by police, how much of a role, if any, do you think each of the following plays in whether or not the officer is charged with a crime? How about (INSERT ITEM)? Do you think this plays a major role, a minor role, or no role at all in whether or not the officer is charged with a crime? (READ FULL QUESTION FIRST 2 ITEMS, THEN AS NEEDED) (Scramble items a-c) ----------------------PLAYS A ROLE----------------- a. the race of the officer involved All White Black Hispanic b. if the incident was videotaped via dashcam, body camera or cellphone camera All White Black Hispanic c. the race of the prosecutor handling the case All White Black Hispanic Q16. NET Major role Minor role No role Depends (vol.) Don’t know/Refused 69 64 83 84 44 35 70 66 25 29 13 18 27 32 15 14 1 1 1 * 2 2 1 1 91 91 88 95 79 80 72 87 12 11 16 8 6 5 10 4 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 * 65 60 80 82 34 25 58 60 31 35 22 22 31 36 17 16 1 * 1 1 3 4 2 1 As you may know, protests have occurred recently in several U.S. cities in response to incidents in which African Americans were harmed or killed by police. Thinking about those protests, do you think (INSERT 1st ITEM) [IF ITEM A: were/ALL OTHERS: was] a major reason, a minor reason, or not a reason at all for those protests? What about (INSERT ITEM)? (IF NECESSARY: Do you think this was a major reason, a minor reason, or not a reason at all for those protests?) (SCRAMBLE a-d; ITEM D SHOULD NOT ASKED FIRST) Based on total who are African American and a Random Half Sample G of all other races ---------------------A REASON--------------------A major A minor NET reason reason a. poverty and lack of opportunities in some neighborhoods All White Black Hispanic b. the way government officials handled those incidents All White Black Hispanic c. anger over the treatment of African Americans by police All White Black Hispanic d. desire for blacks to feel like they are being treated fairly All White Black Hispanic Not a reason at all Don’t know/Refused N 82 82 85 80 53 51 61 61 28 32 23 19 16 15 15 17 3 3 1 3 1180 370 501 223 84 83 91 83 62 59 73 65 22 24 19 18 12 14 7 12 4 3 2 5 1180 370 501 223 88 87 95 89 69 67 84 68 19 19 12 21 9 10 3 9 3 3 1 2 1180 370 501 223 86 86 93 82 66 63 81 64 20 23 13 18 10 11 6 12 3 3 1 6 1180 370 501 223 23 Q17. Which of the following do you think is the bigger problem in America today? (Rotate response options 1-2/2-1) (READ LIST) Discrimination that is historically built into our society and institutions 34 29 51 45 All White Black Hispanic Q18. Individuals’ own beliefs and prejudices that cause them to treat those of other races poorly 59 63 43 50 Don’t know/Refused 7 8 6 5 When people of your race or ethnic background are featured (INSERT ITEM), how often do you think they are portrayed accurately? Most of the time, some of the time, rarely, or never? (Scramble items a-b) MOST/SOME OF THE ----------------------TIME---------------------Most of Some of NET the time the time ----------------RARELY/NEVER--------------NET Rarely Never All of the time (vol.) Don’t know/Refused * 3 a. in entertainment programming on TV and in the movies All 76 32 44 20 15 5 White 81 37 44 16 12 5 - 3 Black 72 22 49 26 22 4 * 2 Hispanic 71 26 44 25 19 6 * 4 All 78 34 44 19 15 5 * 2 White 83 38 45 14 11 4 * 2 Black 67 23 45 31 23 8 * 1 Hispanic 74 33 41 24 19 4 - 3 b. in the news 24 Q19. Have you EVER been (INSERT ITEM) because of your racial or ethnic background, or not? (Scramble items a-d) Items a-d based on total who are not white and a Half Sample H of Whites a. Afraid your life was in danger Yes, have No, have not Don’t know/Refused N 30 69 * 1562 27 72 * 383 45 55 - 501 20 80 - 500 Yes, have No, have not Don’t know/Refused N 10/15 8 91 1 1562 White 10/15 3 97 - 383 19 13 78 85 2 2 501 1736 13 86 1 500 Yes, have No, have not Don’t know/Refused N 10/15 White 14 83 3 1562 10/15 Black 9 89 2 383 10/15 4/06 27 66 7 501 26 70 4 1736 20 79 2 500 All 10/15 White 10/15 Black 10/15 Hispanic 10/15 b. Denied housing you could afford All Black 10/15 4/06 Hispanic 10/15 c. Denied a job you were qualified for All Hispanic 10/15 25 d. Prevented from voting or had your ballot challenged Yes, have No, have not Don’t know/Refused N 10/15 White 2 97 1 1562 10/15 Black 1 99 - 383 10/15 Hispanic 5 95 1 501 10/15 5 93 2 500 All Q20. Can you think of any occasion in the last thirty days when you felt you were treated unfairly in the following places because of your racial 3 or ethnic background? How about (INSERT ITEM)? (IF NECSSARY: Can you think of any occasion in the last thirty days when you felt you were treated unfairly (INSERT ITEM) because of your racial or ethnic background?) (Scramble items a-e) a. At your place of work Based on total who are not white, Half Sample I of whites, and those who are employed either full-time or part-time Yes No Don’t know/Refused N 11 89 * 821 7 93 - 190 26 22 73 61 1 17 233 801 23 19 19 18 21 54 65 63 63 77 23 16 18 19 2 501 1003 1001 996 1260 15 85 * 292 All 10/15 White 10/15 Black 10/15 6/04 2/03 5/01 11/99 10/98 2/97 Hispanic 10/15 3 Trend wording from 6/4, 2/03, 5/01, 11/99, 10/98, 2/97: “Can you think of any occasion in the last thirty days when you felt you were treated unfairly in the following places because you were black?” 26 b. In a store where you were shopping Based on total who are not white and Half Sample I of whites Yes No Don’t know/Refused N 10/15 White 13 87 1 1568 10/15 Black 8 92 * 389 10/15 6/04 33 67 * 501 28 28 71 70 1 2 801 501 27 27 71 70 2 3 1003 1001 26 30 72 70 2 -- 996 1260 18 82 * 500 Yes No Don’t know/Refused N 10/15 White 11 89 * 1568 10/15 Black 6 94 - 389 10/15 6/04 24 76 1 501 26 24 69 69 5 7 801 501 20 19 75 75 5 6 1003 1001 16 21 76 76 8 3 996 1260 15 84 1 500 All 2/03 5/01 11/99 10/98 2/97 Hispanic 10/15 c. In a restaurant, bar, theater, or other entertainment place Based on total who are not white and Half Sample I of whites All 2/03 5/01 11/99 10/98 2/97 Hispanic 10/15 27 d. In dealings with the police, such as traffic incidents Based on total who are not white and Half Sample I of whites Yes No Don’t know/Refused N 10/15 White 9 90 2 1568 10/15 Black 3 95 2 389 10/15 6/04 19 81 1 501 25 22 66 63 9 15 801 501 21 20 67 66 12 14 1003 1001 16 15 65 79 19 6 996 1260 17 82 1 500 Yes No Don’t know/Refused N 10/15 8 91 1 1568 White 10/15 5 94 1 389 Black 10/15 12 88 * 501 20 77 3 801 14 86 - 500 All 2/03 5/01 11/99 10/98 2/97 Hispanic 10/15 e. While getting healthcare for yourself or a family member Based on total who are not white and Half Sample I of whites All 6/04 Hispanic 10/15 Q20a-e Summary Table Yes, have Percent who said yes to any item Q21. All White 25 15 Black Hispanic 53 36 Is there any area right around where you live – that is, within a mile – where you would be afraid to walk alone at night? All White Black Hispanic Yes 35 No 64 Don’t know/Refused 1 34 39 65 60 2 1 35 64 1 28 Q22. Which of these statements comes closer to the way you feel? (READ LIST) (Rotate response options 1-2/2-1) Diversity benefits our country economically and socially, so race or ethnicity should be a factor when deciding who is hired, promoted, or admitted to college Hiring, promotion, and college admission should be based strictly on merit and qualifications other than race or ethnicity Don’t know/Refused 18 15 78 83 3 2 17 12 80 86 3 2 20 28 74 68 6 3 23 18 73 78 4 4 All 10/15 9/95 White 10/15 9/95 Black 10/15 9/95 Hispanic 10/15 9/95 Q23. In the last few years, would you say (INSERT ITEM) has become more or less representative of the interests of racial minorities? (Rotate items a-b) a. The Democratic Party All White Black Hispanic b. The Republican Party All White Black Hispanic Q24. More Less About the same (vol.) Don’t know/Refused 51 51 56 48 34 32 35 41 5 5 3 4 11 12 6 7 30 30 24 32 54 52 67 59 4 4 3 2 12 14 6 6 Thinking about what you’ve seen, read or heard so far about the campaign for the presidential election that will be held next year, would you say the issue of race has gotten too much attention, too little attention, or about the right amount of attention? All White Black Hispanic Too much attention 37 35 35 48 Too little attention 19 16 34 22 About the right amount of attention 39 43 28 27 Don’t know/Refused 5 5 3 3 Neither/Both (vol.) 23 25 12 17 Don’t know/Refused 4 4 3 3 READ: On another topic… Q25. Do you think that your race has been an advantage or disadvantage in your life? All White Black Hispanic Advantage 54 61 31 56 Disadvantage 19 10 54 24 29 READ: Finally, I have a few questions we will use to describe the people who took part in our survey… D2. D3. What is your age? Could you please tell me if you are between the ages of (READ LIST)… D2/D3 Combo table based on total D4. 18-29 All 21 White 17 Black 24 Hispanic 30 30-49 33 31 35 41 50-64 65+ 26 28 26 20 19 23 15 10 Refused * 1 * - How many children, under age 19, are living in your household? None 1 D5. White 64 Black 58 Hispanic 42 15 14 16 15 2 15 13 16 22 3 6 5 7 12 4 2 1 3 6 5 or more 2 2 * 2 Don’t know/Refused 1 1 - 1 Are you: (READ LIST) Married All 53 White 58 Black 34 Hispanic 47 Not Married 47 41 65 53 Single, that is never married 20 17 33 21 Single, that is, living with a partner 9 6 12 17 Separated 3 2 5 6 Widowed 6 7 5 3 Divorced 9 10 10 7 1 1 * * Refused CO-1. All 59 Were you born in the United States, the island of Puerto Rico, or in another country? Based on total Hispanic (n=500) United States Total Hispanic 48 Puerto Rico 3 Another country 49 Don’t know/Refused * 30 Heritage. How about you and your family’s heritage. Are you Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, or are you and your ancestors from another country? (IF ANOTHER COUNTRY: Are you and your ancestors from Central America, South America, or somewhere else? (ACCEPT ONE ANSWER) (IF MORE THAN ONE: Which do you identify more with?) Based on total Hispanic (n=500) Total Hispanic 60 Mexican (Mexico) D8. Puerto Rican (Puerto Rico) 9 Cuban (Cuba) 5 Dominican (the Dominican Republic) 3 Salvadoran (El Salvador) * Other Central American (Central America) 7 Other South American (South America) 7 Spain 2 Other 4 Don’t know/Refused 2 In politics today, do you consider yourself a (Republican), (Democrat), an Independent, or what? (Rotate response options 1-2/2-1) All 21 32 36 7 4 Republican Democrat Independent Other/none Don’t know/Refused D8a. White 28 26 37 6 4 Black 4 64 24 5 3 Hispanic 10 39 36 9 5 Do you LEAN more towards the (Democratic Party) or the (Republican Party)? (ROTATE ITEMS IN SAME ORDER AS D8) Based on total who are independent, something else, don’t know, or refused party (n=832) All 29 32 28 1 9 Republican Democrat Independent/don’t lean to either party (vol.) Other party (vol.) Don’t know/Refused White 34 28 27 1 11 Black 14 57 22 2 6 Hispanic 20 43 25 1 10 D8/D8a Combo Table based on total Republican Democrat Independent/Don’t know/Refused Lean Republican Lean Democrat Independent/Don’t lean Other Party Don’t know/Refused D8b. All 21 32 47 14 15 13 1 4 White 28 26 47 16 13 12 1 5 Black 4 64 33 5 18 7 1 2 Hispanic 10 39 51 10 22 13 1 5 Would you say your views in most political matters are liberal, moderate, or conservative? Liberal Moderate Conservative Don’t know/Refused All 25 36 34 5 White 25 35 35 5 Black 23 43 29 4 Hispanic 29 31 35 5 31 D8c. Do you consider yourself to be a supporter of the Black Lives Matter movement, or not? Yes, supporter of the Black Lives Matter Movement No, not a supporter of the Black Lives Matter Movement Haven’t heard of it (vol.) Don’t know/Refused D8d. All 35 49 8 8 White 32 52 9 8 Black 58 35 4 3 Hispanic 28 49 9 13 In the past year, have you attended a Black Lives Matter event, protest or gathering? Based on total who say they are a supporter of the Black Lives Matter Movement (n=754) Yes All 11 White 6 Black 22 Hispanic 14 No 89 94 78 86 Don’t know/Refused * - - - D8c/D8d Combo Table based on total Yes, supporter of the Black Lives Matter Movement D11. White 32 Black 58 Hispanic 28 Yes, have attended a Black Lives Matter event, protest, or gathering 4 2 13 4 No, have NOT attended a Black Lives Matter event, protest, or gathering 31 30 46 25 Don’t know/Refused D10. All 35 * - - - No, not a supporter of the Black Lives Matter Movement 49 52 35 49 Haven’t heard of it (vol.) 8 9 4 9 Don’t know/Refused 8 8 3 13 Do you own or rent your home? Own All 62 White 72 Black 39 Hispanic 44 Rent 33 24 56 53 Mortgage (vol.) * * * * Other (vol.) 3 3 3 3 Don’t know/Refused 1 1 2 1 All 42 White 37 Black 49 Hispanic 62 What is the last grade of school you completed? High School or Less Less than high school 12 7 14 30 High school graduate 30 30 35 32 28 28 30 23 25 25 28 22 Some College Some college (including Associates degree) Technical School/Other 3 3 2 1 30 35 21 14 Graduated college (4 year/Bachelor’s degree) 17 18 14 8 Graduate School or more 13 16 6 6 1 * 1 1 College + Don’t know/Refused 32 D12. D13. Have you or any of your family members or CLOSE friends ever been incarcerated, or not? Yes All 39 White 36 Black 55 Hispanic 39 No 59 62 44 60 Don’t know/Refused 2 1 1 1 Do you (or your spouse) (INSERT)? (SCRAMBLE; ALWAYS ASK ITEM b LAST) (INSERT “or your spouse” IF married (D5=3)) No item a b. Have a checking or savings account, or some other form of savings Yes No Don’t know/Refused 10/15 84 13 3 2/11 88 11 1 10/15 89 8 3 2/11 94 5 1 79 82 19 18 2 * 10/15 72 26 2 2/11 69 30 1 Yes No Don’t know/Refused 56 57 41 42 3 2 64 65 33 34 3 2 46 46 53 53 1 * 33 64 2 32 67 2 All White Black 10/15 2/11 Hispanic c. Have an I-R-A, 401k, or other kind of retirement account All 10/15 2/11 White 10/15 2/11 Black 10/15 2/11 Hispanic 10/15 2/11 33 D14. D15. L1 C1 Last year – that is, in 2014 – what was your total family income from all sources, before taxes? Just stop me when I get to the right category. (READ LIST) Less than $20,000 All 15 White 11 Black 25 Hispanic 24 $20,000 to less than $30,000 11 9 15 18 $30,000 to less than $40,000 8 8 9 11 $40,000 to less than $50,000 9 8 10 11 $50,000 to less than $75,000 12 13 11 10 $75,000 to less than $90,000 8 9 7 5 $90,000 to less than $100,000 5 5 5 3 $100,000 or more 17 20 9 8 Don’t know 4 4 5 6 Refused 11 14 5 5 If you were asked to use one of the following five names for your social class, which would you say you belong in? (READ LIST. ENTER ONE ONLY) (Rotate Response options 1-5/5-1) Upper-Class All 2 White 2 Black 3 Hispanic 1 Upper-middle class 14 17 5 9 Middle-Class 45 48 38 39 Lower-middle class 28 25 36 32 Lower-class 10 6 18 17 Don’t know/Refused 1 1 1 2 Now thinking about your telephone use. . . Does anyone in your household including yourself, have a working cell phone? Now thinking about your telephone use, is there at least one telephone INSIDE your home that is currently working and is not a cell phone? L1/C1 Combo Table based on total Cell phone only HH All 45 Landline only HH 4 Both Cell and Landline HH 51 Don’t know/Refused 1 34 The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Headquarters 2400 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park, CA 94025 Phone: (650) 854-9400 Fax: (650) 854-4800 Washington Offices and Barbara Jordan Conference Center 1330 G Street, NW Washington, DC 20005 Phone: (202) 347-5270 Fax: (202) 347-5274 www.kff.org This publication (#8805-T) is available on the Kaiser Family Foundation website at www.kff.org. Filling the need for trusted information on national health issues, the Kaiser Family Foundation is a nonprofit organization based in Menlo Park, California.