SEATTLE CITY COUNCIL

600 Fourth Ave. 2nd Floor
Seattle, WA 98104

Legislation Text
File #: CB 118499, Version: 2

CITY OF SEATTLE
ORDINANCE __________________
COUNCIL BILL __________________
AN ORDINANCE relating to taxicab, transportation network company, and for-hire vehicle drivers; amending
Section 6.310.110 of the Seattle Municipal Code; adding a new Section 6.310.735 to the Seattle
Municipal Code; and authorizing the election of driver representatives.
WHEREAS, driving taxis, for-hire, and TNC-endorsed vehicles can be a viable path to steady, reliable, and
regular work for historically disadvantaged communities, including new immigrants to the United
States; and
WHEREAS, allowing taxicab, transportation network company, and for-hire vehicle drivers (“for-hire drivers”)
to modify specific agreements collectively with the entities that hire, direct, arrange, or manage their
work will better ensure that they can perform their services in a safe, reliable, stable, cost-effective, and
economically viable manner and thereby promote the welfare of the people; and
WHEREAS, The new responsibilities for the Department of Finance and Administrative Services (FAS)
contemplated in this legislation will require additional resources; and
WHEREAS, The Director of FAS has authority to adjust fees to cover the cost of the regulatory functions FAS
performs on behalf of the public; and
WHEREAS, Should this legislation go into effect the Director may exercise that authority to raise additional
revenue through fees to cover the additional costs;
NOW, THEREFORE,
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY OF SEATTLE AS FOLLOWS:

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Section 1. Findings
A. In order to protect the public health, safety and welfare, the City of Seattle is granted express
authority to regulate for hire and taxicab transportation services pursuant to RCW Chapters 46.72 and 81.72.
This authority includes regulating entry, requiring a license, controlling rates, establishing safety requirements,
and any other requirement to ensure safe and reliable transportation services.
B. Seattle Municipal Code Chapter (SMC) 6.310 is an exercise of the City of Seattle's power to
regulate the for hire and taxicab transportation industry. The purpose of SMC Chapter 6.310, in pertinent part
states: “Some of its regulatory purposes are to increase the safety, reliability, cost-effectiveness, and the
economic viability and stability of privately-operated for-hire vehicle and taxicab services within The City of
Seattle.” SMC 6.310.100(A).
C. The purpose of this ordinance is to ensure safe and reliable for hire and taxicab transportation
service pursuant to RCW 46.72.160 and RCW 81.72.210, respectively, and to meet the state’s authorization to
regulate for hire transportation pursuant to RCW 46.76.001, which states: “The legislature finds and declares
that privately operated for hire transportation service is a vital part of the transportation system within the state.
Consequently, the safety, reliability, and stability of privately operated for hire transportation services are
matters of statewide importance. The regulation of privately operated for hire transportation services is thus an
essential governmental function. Therefore, it is the intent of the legislature to permit political subdivisions of
the state to regulate for hire transportation services without liability under federal antitrust laws.” RCW
81.72.200 governing taxicab transportation has a similar statement of legislative intent.
D. As the City is acting under specific state statutory authority, it is immune from liability under
antitrust laws.
E. Entities that hire, contract with, or partner with for-hire drivers for the purpose of assisting them
with, or facilitating them in, providing for-hire services to the public establish the terms and conditions of their
contract with their drivers, including changes in driver compensation rates and deactivation from dispatch
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services. Sudden contract changes may adversely impact the ability of a for-hire driver to provide transportation
services in a safe, reliable, stable, cost-effective, and economically viable manner.
F. Sudden changes in contract terms and working conditions unilaterally imposed by entities that hire,
contract with, or partner with for-hire drivers have resulted in driver unrest and transportation service
disruptions around the country.
G. There is currently no effective mechanism for for-hire drivers to directly address working conditions
collectively with the entity that hires, contracts with, or partners with them.
H. Business models wherein companies control aspects of their drivers’ work, but rely on the drivers
being classified as independent contractors, render for-hire drivers exempt from minimum labor requirements
that the City of Seattle has deemed in the interest of public health and welfare, and undermine Seattle’s efforts
to create opportunities for all workers in Seattle to earn a living wage.
I. Collective bargaining in other industries has achieved public health and safety outcomes for the
general public including, but not limited to: job security provisions, scheduling predictability, job training, and
methods of communicating health and safety information.
J. Leveling the bargaining power between for-hire drivers and the entities that control many aspects of
their working conditions will enable more stable working conditions and better ensure that drivers can perform
their services in a safe, reliable, stable, cost-effective, and economically viable manner, and thereby promote
the welfare of the people who rely on safe and reliable for hire transportation to meet their transportation needs.
Section 2. Section 6.310.110 of the Seattle Municipal Code, last amended by Ordinance 124524, is
amended as follows:
***
“Commencement date” means a calendar date set by the Director after the effective date of the
ordinance introduced as Council Bill 118499 for the purpose of initiating certain processes pursuant to Section
6.310.735 and establishing timelines and deadlines associated with them.
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“Director” means the Director of Finance and Administrative Services or the director of any successor
department and the Director’s authorized designee.
“Driver coordinator” means an entity that hires, contracts with, or partners with for-hire drivers for the
purpose of assisting them with, or facilitating them in, providing for-hire services to the public.
“Exclusive driver representative” (EDR) means a qualified driver representative, certified by the
Director to be the sole and exclusive representative of all licensed for-hire drivers operating within the City for
a particular driver coordinator.
***
“Personal vehicle” means a vehicle that is not a taxicab or for-hire vehicle licensed under this ((chapter
)) Chapter 6.310. A personal vehicle that is used to provide trips via a transportation network company
application dispatch system is subject to regulation under this ((chapter)) Chapter 6.310.
“Qualifying driver” means a licensed for-hire driver who drives for a driver coordinator and who has
completed at least 150 trips for that driver coordinator in the 30 days before the commencement date set by the
Director. A for-hire driver may be a qualifying driver for more than one driver coordinator.
“Qualified driver representative” (QDR) means an entity that can assist qualifying drivers in reaching
consensus on desired terms of work and negotiate those terms on their behalf with driver coordinators.
***
Section 3. A new Section 6.310.735 is added to the Seattle Municipal Code as follows:
6.310.735 Exclusive driver representatives
A. The Director shall promulgate a commencement date that is no earlier than 180 days and no later
than 240 days from the effective date of the ordinance introduced as Council Bill 118499.
B. The process of designating a QDR shall be prescribed by Director’s rule. The designation of a QDR
shall be based on, but not limited to, consideration of the following factors:
1. Registration with the Washington Secretary of State as a not-for-profit entity;
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2. Organization bylaws that give drivers the right to be members of the organization and
participate in the democratic control of the organization; and
3. Experience in assisting stakeholders in reaching consensus agreements with, or related to,
employers and contractors.
C. An entity wishing to be considered as a QDR for qualifying drivers must submit a request to the
Director within 30 days of the commencement date. Within 14 days of the receipt of such a request the Director
will notify the applicant in writing of the determination. Applicants who dispute the Director’s determination
may appeal to the Hearing Examiner within 10 days of receiving the determination. The Director shall provide
a list of all QDRs to all driver coordinators.
D. Driver coordinators who have hired, contracted with, or partnered with 50 or more for-hire drivers at
any one time in the 30 days prior to the commencement date, other than in the context of an employeremployee relationship, must, within 60 days of the commencement date, provide all QDRs seeking to
represents their drivers the names, addresses, email addresses (if available), and phone number (if available) of
all qualifying drivers they hire, contract with, or partner with.

E. QDRs shall use driver contact information for the sole purpose of contacting drivers to solicit their
interest in being represented by the QDR. The QDR may not sell, publish, or otherwise disseminate the driver
contact information outside the entity/organization.
F. The Director shall certify a QDR as the EDR for all drivers contracted with a particular driver
coordinator, according to the following:
1. Within 120 days of receiving the driver contact information, a QDR will submit statements of
interest to the Director from a majority of qualifying drivers from the list described in subsection 6.310.735.D.
Each statement of interest shall be signed, dated, and clearly state that the driver wants to be represented by the
QDR for the purpose of collective bargaining. The Director shall determine by rule the standards and
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procedures for submitting and verifying statements of interest by qualifying drivers choosing an EDR.
a. The methods for submitting and verifying statements of interest by qualifying drivers
choosing an EDR may include, but not be limited to: signature verification, unique personal identification
number verification, statistical methods, or third party verification.
2. Within 30 days of receiving such statements of interest, the Director shall determine if they
are sufficient to designate the QDR as the EDR for all drivers for that particular driver coordinator. If more than
one QDR establishes that a majority of qualifying drivers have expressed interest in being represented by that
QDR, the Director shall designate the QDR that received the largest number of verified affirmative statements
of interest to be the EDR.
3. Within 30 days of receiving submissions from all QDRs for a particular driver coordinator,
the Director shall either certify one to be the EDR or announce that no QDR met the majority threshold for
certification.

G. If no EDR is certified for a driver coordinator, the Director shall promulgate a new commencement
date that is no earlier than 180 days and no later than 360 days from the announcement that no QDR met the
majority threshold, provided that no driver coordinator shall be subject to the requirements of Section
6.310.735 more than once in any calendar year. The affected EDR and driver coordinator shall repeat the
processes in subsections 6.310.735.D and 6.310.735.F. If the Director again fails to certify an EDR, all QDRs
shall lose their certification, and the processes in subsections 6.310.735.D and 6.310.735.F shall end, until such
time as outlined in subsection 6.310.735.G.1.
1. If The Director may designate QDRs upon request of organizations wishing to be certified
pursuant to 6.310.735.C, and promulgate a new commencement date to repeat the processes in subsections
6.310.735 D, and F.

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H. Upon certification of the EDR by the Director, the driver coordinator and the EDR shall meet and
discuss certain specified subjects, including, but not limited to, best practices regarding vehicle equipment
standards, safe driving practices, the nature and amount of payments to be made by, or withheld from, the
driver coordinator to or by the drivers, minimum hours of work, and conditions of work and applicable rules,
and shall reduce their discussion to a written agreement.
1. Nothing in this Section 6.310.735 shall preclude a driver coordinator from making an
agreement with the EDR to require membership of for-hire drivers in the EDR’s entity/organization as a
condition of being hired, contracted with, or partnered with by the driver coordinator to provide for-hire
services to the public.
2. After reaching agreement, the parties shall transmit the agreement to the Director for review
for compliance with the provisions of this Chapter 6.310. The Director shall have 30 days upon receipt of an
agreement to determine if it complies with this Chapter 6.310 and to notify the parties of the determination in
writing.
a. If the Director finds the agreement compliant, the agreement is final and binding on all
parties.
b. If the Director finds it fails to comply, the Director shall remand it to the parties with a
written explanation of the failure(s) and, at the Director’s discretion, recommendations to remedy the failure(s).
c. The agreement shall not go into effect until the Director affirmatively determines its
adherence to the provisions of this Chapter 6.310.
I. If a driver coordinator and the EDR fail to reach an agreement within 90 days of the certification of
the EDR by the Director, either party must submit to interest arbitration upon the request of the other.
1. The interest arbitrator may be selected by mutual agreement of the parties. If the parties
cannot agree then the arbitrator shall be determined as follows: from a list of seven arbitrators with experience
in commercial and/or labor disputes designated by the American Arbitration Association, the party requesting
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arbitration shall strike a name. Thereafter the other party shall strike a name. The process will continue until
one name remains, who shall be the arbitrator. The cost of the interest arbitration shall be divided equally
between the parties.
2. The interest arbitrator shall consider the following criteria in making a decision:
a. stipulations of the parties;
b. the cost of expenses incurred by drivers (e.g., fuel, wear and tear on vehicles, and
insurance);
c. comparison of the amount and/or proportion of revenue received from customers by
the driver coordinators and the income provided to or retained by the drivers;
d. the wages, hours, and conditions of employment of other persons, whether employees
or independent contractors, employed as for-hire or taxicab drivers in Seattle and its environs, as well as
other comparably sized urban areas; and
e. any other factors that are normally or traditionally taken into consideration in the
determination of wages, hours, and conditions of employment.
3. The arbitrator shall transmit the agreement to the Director for review for compliance with the
provisions of this Chapter 6.310. The Director shall have 30 days upon receipt of an agreement to determine if
it complies with this Chapter 6.310 and to notify the interest arbitrator of the determination in writing.
a. If the Director finds the agreement compliant, the agreement is final and binding on all
parties.
b. If the Director finds it fails to comply, the Director shall remand it to the interest
arbitrator with a written explanation of the failure(s) and, at the Director’s discretion, recommendations to
remedy the failure(s).
c. The agreement shall not go into effect until the Director affirmatively determines its
adherence to the provisions of this Chapter 6.310.
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4. If either party refuses to enter interest arbitration, upon the request of the other, either party
may pursue all available judicial remedies.
J. A driver coordinator shall not retaliate against any for-hire driver for exercising the right to
participate in the representative process provided by this Section 6.310.735. It shall be a violation for a driver
coordinator or its agent, designee, employee, or any person or group of persons acting directly or indirectly in
the interest of the driver coordinator in relation to the for-hire driver to:
1. Interfere with, restrain, or deny the exercise of, or the attempt to exercise, any right protected
under this Section 6.310.735; or
2. Take adverse action, including but not limited to threatening, harassing, penalizing, or in any
other manner discriminating or retaliating against a driver because the driver has exercised the rights protected
under this Section 6.310.735.
K. Decertification. An Exclusive Driver Representative may be decertified according to the following:
1. The Director receives a petition to decertify an EDR within 30 days of the expiration of an
agreement reached pursuant to this Section 6.310.735.
a. A decertification petition must be signed by 10 or more qualifying drivers. The
Director shall determine by rule the standards and procedures for submitting the decertification petition.
2. Once a petition has been accepted by the Director, the Director shall issue notice to the driver
coordinator and the EDR of the decertification petition and promulgate a new commencement date.
3. The driver coordinator shall have 14 days from the commencement date to transmit the list of
qualifying drivers to the petitioners and the EDR.
4. Within 90 days of receiving the driver contact information, petitioners for a decertification
will submit to the Director statements of interest from a majority of qualifying drivers from the list described in
subsection 6.310.735.K.3. The statements of interest shall be signed and dated and shall clearly indicate that the
driver no longer wants to be represented by the EDR for the purpose of collective bargaining with the driver
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coordinator. The Director shall determine by rule the standards and procedures for submitting and verifying the
statements of interest of qualifying drivers.
5. Within 30 days of receiving such statements of interest, the Director shall determine if they
are sufficient to decertify the EDR for that particular driver coordinator. The Director shall either decertify the
EDR, or declare that the decertification petition did not meet the majority threshold and reaffirm that the EDR
shall continue representing all drivers for that particular driver coordinator.
a. If an EDR is decertified for a particular driver coordinator, the process of selecting a
new EDR may start according to the process outlined in subsection 6.310.735.G.1.
L. Enforcement
1. Powers and duties of Director
a. The Director is authorized to enforce and administer this Section 6.310.735. The
Director shall exercise all responsibilities under this Section 6.310.735 pursuant to rules and regulations
developed under Chapter 3.02. The Director is authorized to promulgate, revise, or rescind rules and
regulations deemed necessary, appropriate, or convenient to administer the provisions of this Section
6.310.735, providing affected entities with due process of law and in conformity with the intent and purpose of
this Section 6.310.735.
b. The Director shall investigate alleged violations of subsection 6.310.735.D, and if the
Director determines that a violation has occurred, the Director shall issue a written notice of the violation. The
Director may investigate alleged violations of other subsections of this Section 6.310.735, and if the Director
determines that a violation has occurred, the Director shall issue a written notice of the violation. The notice
shall:
1) Require the person or entity in violation to comply with the requirement;
2) Include notice that the person or entity in violation is entitled to a hearing
before the Hearing Examiner to respond to the notice and introduce any evidence to refute or mitigate the
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violation, in accordance with Chapter 3.02; and
3) Inform the person or entity in violation that a daily penalty of up to $10,000
for every day the violator fails to cure the violation will accrue if the violation is uncontested or found
committed.
c. The person or entity named on the notice of violation must file with the Hearing
Examiner’s Office the request for a hearing within ten calendar days after the date of the notice of violation.
The Hearing Examiner may affirm, modify, or reverse the Director’s notice of violation.
d. If the person or entity named on the notice of violation fails to timely request a
hearing, the notice of violation shall be final and the daily penalty of up to $10,000 will accrue until the
violation is cured.
e. Nothing in this Section 6.310.735 shall be construed as creating liability or imposing
liability on the City for any non-compliance with this Section 6.310.735.
2. Judicial review. After receipt of the decision of the Hearing Examiner, an aggrieved party
may pursue all available judicial remedies.
3. Private right of action
Subsections 6.310.735.D, 6.310.735.E, 6.310.735.H, and 6.310.735.I may be enforced through a
private right of action. Any aggrieved party, including but not limited to a EDR, may bring an action in court,
and shall be entitled to all remedies available at law or in equity appropriate to remedy any violation of this
Section 6.310.735. A plaintiff who prevails in any action to enforce this Section 6.310.735 shall be awarded
reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
Section 4. The provisions of this ordinance are declared to be separate and severable. The invalidity of
any clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivision, section, or portion of this ordinance, or the invalidity of its
application to any person or circumstance, does not affect the validity of the remainder of this ordinance, or the
validity of its application to other persons or circumstances.
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Section 5. Sections 2 and 3 shall take effect and be in force 150 days after the effective date of the
ordinance introduced as Council Bill 118499.
Section 6. No provision of this ordinance shall be construed as a providing any determination regarding
the legal status of taxicab, transportation network company, and for-hire vehicle drivers as employees or
independent contractors.
Section 7. No provision of this ordinance shall be construed as relieving taxicab, transportation network
company, and for-hire vehicle drivers from any legal obligation under any other law, including but not limited
to antitrust laws, nor shall any provision of this ordinance be construed as providing any determination
regarding whether any such law applies to taxicab, transportation network company, and for-hire vehicle
drivers.
Section 8. Should a court of competent jurisdiction, all appeals having been exhausted or all appeal
periods having run, determine that any provision of this ordinance is preempted by federal law, any and all such
provisions shall be deemed null and void.
Section 9. This ordinance shall take effect and be in force 30 days after its approval by the Mayor, but if
not approved and returned by the Mayor within ten days after presentation, it shall take effect as provided by
Seattle Municipal Code Section 1.04.020.
Passed by the City Council the ____ day of ________________________, 2015, and
signed by me in open session in authentication of its passage this
_____ day of ___________________, 2015.

_________________________________
President __________of the City Council

Approved by me this ____ day of _____________________, 2015.
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_________________________________
Edward B. Murray, Mayor

Filed by me this ____ day of __________________________, 2015.

____________________________________
Monica Martinez Simmons, City Clerk

(Seal)

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