Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( 2013% Covington%Police%Department%Defensive% Action%Annual%Report%&%Analysis! """"" """" """" " " " Prepared"by"CPT"Gregory"Jones" Administrative"Support"Captain" January"3,"2014" " " " " 1" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Executive!Summary:! The"Accreditation"Office"of"the"Covington"Police"Department"is"completing"its" annual"Defensive"Action"selfFanalysis"as"a"continuing"improvement"process" through"the"Commission"on"Accreditation"for"Law"Enforcement"Agencies."Each" accredited"law"enforcement"agency"must"perform"an"internal"Use"of"Force" analysis"(CALEA"1.3.13)."The"analysis"is"systematically"structured"to"identify"any" patterns"or"trends."Analysis"should"reveal"patterns"or"trends"that"could"predict"or" could"indicate"the"need"for"an"increase"in"the"Use"of"Force"training,"equipment" purchases"or"upgrades"and/"or"the"necessity"for"policy"modifications."" The"Defensive"Action"analysis"completed"by"the"Covington"Police"Department" provides"a"critical"process"in"reviewing"departmental"policies"and"procedures."This" analysis"provides"a"process"for"improvement"in"our"policy"language,"records" management"system,"capturing"additional"data"and"supervisor"oversight"in" Defensive"Actions"incidents."" Supervisory"staff"must"ensure"all"reports"and"forms"are"completed"when"required." A"Defensive"Action"form"is"completed"every"time"force"is"used"to"accomplish"an" enforcement"action."The"Covington"Police"Department"strives"for"continuous" improvement"through"personnel"development,"policy"enhancement"and"proF active"response"in"order"to"provide"effective"service"to"the"citizens,"business" owners"and"visitors"of"the"City"of"Covington" " Introduction:!"" Commission"on"Accreditation"for"Law"Enforcement"Agencies"(CALEA)"requires"a" law"enforcement"agency"to"conduct"a"documented"annual"analysis"of"the" defensive"action"(use"of"force)"reports"required"by"this"agency."A"written" defensive"action"report"is"submitted"whenever"an"employee:"" 1."Discharges"a"firearm"for"other"than"training"or"recreational"purposes."" 2."Takes"an"action"that"results"in,"or"is"alleged"to"have"resulted"in,"death"or"injury" of"another"person."" 2" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( 3."Applies"force"through"the"use"of"lethal"or"less"lethal"weapons."" 4."Applies"weaponless"physical"force"at"a"level"as"defined"by"this"agency."" The"Covington"Police"Department"General"Order"1.3"F"Use"of"Force"provides"our" employees"with"guidelines"on"the"Use"of"Force."The"Department"recognizes"the" value"of"human"life,"which"is"immeasurable"in"our"society."It"is"the"policy"of"this" agency"that"investigators"may"use"only"the"minimum"amount"of"force"necessary" to"accomplish"lawful"objectives."The"lawful"Use"of"Force"must"be"controlled"and" confined"so"that"an"employee"will"not"subject"himself/herself"to"civil"and"criminal" liability." Policy/Procedure:!! Covington"Police"Department"General"Order"1.3.13"states:"" A.(Whenever(an(officer(must(physically(compel(another(person(to(submit(to( his/her(authority(regardless(of(the(means(employed,(the(officer(shall(notify(the( OnADuty(Shift(Supervisor(and(a(signed(Defensive(Action(Report(shall(be(made(and( forwarded(to(the(Chief(of(Police(detailing(the(circumstances(surrounding(the(use( of(force(and/or(any(injury(or(death(to(another(person(or(injury(or(death(alleged(to( have(resulted(from(actions(by(an(officer.(( 1.(This(report(requirement(applies(to(all(use(of(deadly(force(incidents( occurring(on(or(off(duty(when(the(officer(is(acting(under(the(color(of(law.(It( also(includes(the(unintentional(use(of(deadly(force(such(as(an(unintentional( discharge(of(a(service(or(other(firearm.(This(report(requirement(would(not( include(the(normal(use(of(a(firearm(in(training,(practice,(recreational( situations,(or(for(the(humane(destruction(of(a(sick(or(injured(animal(unless(it( results(in(injury(to(the(officer(or(another(individual.(( 2.(This(report(requirement(applies(to(all(incidents(occurring(on(or(off(duty( when(an(officer,(acting(under(the(color(of(law,(uses(or(is(alleged(to(have( used(physical(force(against(another(person(or(against(an(attacking(or( aggressive(animal(for(defensive(purposes.”" " 3" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Covington"Police"Department"General"Order"Defensive"Action"Report"Review" 1.3.14"states:" “A.(All(Defensive(Action(Reports(shall(be(reviewed(by(each(supervisor(in(the( reporting(officer’s(chain(of(command(and(by(a(member(of(the(department’s( training(staff.((( 1.(Reviewers(shall(examine(each(Defensive(Action(Report(to(ensure(detailed( documentation(of(the(incident.( 2.(The(review(shall(consist(of(an(examination(and(evaluation(of(elements( which(include(but(are(not(limited(to:( a.(Complete(identifying(information(for(all(involved(parties( b.(Reasonableness(and(necessity(of(the(force(used( c.(Compliance(with(local,(state,(and(federal(laws( d.(Compliance(with(department(policy( e.(Effectiveness(of(force(utilized(( f.(Documentation(of(injuries(sustained(as(a(result(of(the(force(applied.( B.(When(judging(the(reasonableness(of(a(particular(use(of(force(it(must(be(judged( from(the(perspective(of(a(reasonable(officer(and(in(light(of(the(facts(and( circumstances(confronting(that(officer(at(the(time(the(force(was(used.( C."Reviewers(shall(submit(their(findings(with(recommendations(through(the(chain( of(command(to(the(Chief(of(Police(who(shall(decide(if(any(further(action(is( warranted.”( "" " " " 4" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Covington"Police"General"Order"1.3.15"Chief's"Review"of"Defensive"Action"Reports" states:"" “A.(The(Chief(of(Police(shall(review(the(facts(of(the(incident(and(the( recommendations(of(the(reviewers.( B.((If(it(is(determined(by(the(Chief(of(Police(that(further(review(is(needed(the( incident(may(be(assigned(to(the(Professional(Compliance(Board(for(further( investigation.( C.(Circumstances(may(exist(that(necessitate(the(investigation(of(the(incident(by(an( outside(police(agency.(Under(such(circumstances,(the(Chief(of(Police(may(request( an(investigation(of(the(incident(by(an(independent(investigative(body.(( D.(If(it(is(determined(by(the(Chief(of(Police(that(the(incident(is(not(within( department(policy(the(Chief(shall(take(appropriate(action.”( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 5" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Analysis:! Comparisons( Totals" In"2013"the"Covington"Police"Department"made"7150"arrests.""Of"those"arrests," force"was"used"in"97or"1.36%.""That"number"and"percentage"is"consistent"with" previous"years"(2012"–"91/1.27%,"2011"–"104/1.53%)" " Defensive"Action"Reports"Total"by"Year" Defensive!Ac;on!Reports! 160" 140" 2007" 120" 2008" 100" 2009" 80" 2010" 60" 2011" 40" 2012" 20" 2013" 0" 2007" 2008" 2009" 2010" 2011" 2012" 2013" " " " " " " 6" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Types"of"defensive"actions"applied" 80" 70" 60" 50" 2011" 40" 2012" 30" 2013" 20" 10" 0" KF9" Baton" Taser" Firearm" Firearm" (animal)" OC/PB" Empty"Hand" " In"2013"Tasers"were"deployed"28"times"(28.87%),"with"empty"hand,"strikes"or"take" downs,"used"61"times"(62.89%)." " Race"&"Gender 100" 90" 80" 70" 60" 2011" 50" 2012" 40" 2013" 30" 20" 10" 0" White" Black" Male"" Female" " In"2013"force"was"used"in"situations"involving"males"84.54%"of"the"time."""" Defensive"actions"were"used"with"Caucasians"72.16%"of"the"times,"and"AfricanF Americans"27.84%"of"the"time.""" 7" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Injuries" " ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 8" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( 2013(specific(data( Age"of"Suspect" Age! 40" 35" 30" 19"&"under" 25" 20F29" 20" 30F39" 15" 40F49" 10" 50"&"older" 5" 0" 19"&"under" 20F29" 30F39" 40F49" 50"&"older" " " Day"of"the"Week"" Defensive!Ac;ons! 25" 20" 15" 10" 5" 0" Monday" Tuesday" Wednesday" Thursday" Friday" Saturday" Sunday" " The"weekends"were"the"most"prevalent"times"for"defensive"actions"to"be"used."" Thursday"starts"the"trend"with"14"and"peaks"on"Sunday"with"21.""" 9" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( " Time"of"Day" Defensive!Ac;ons! 14" 12" 10" 8" 6" Defensive"Acfons" 4" 2" 0" " " Patrol"Sector" Defensive!Ac;ons! 35" 30" 25" Sector"1" 20" Sector"2" Sector"3" 15" Sector"4" 10" Sector"5" 5" 0" Sector"1" Sector"2" Sector"3" Sector"4" Sector"5" " 10" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( " Location"Type" Loca;on! 40" 35" 30" Park"or"Woods" 25" 20" Street/Sidewalk" 15" Bar" 10" Residence" 5" Business" 0" Government" " " Suspect"Actions"at"Time"Force"Was"Used" Suspect!Ac;ons! 60" 50" 40" Wrestle"with"Officer" 30" Pulling"Away"or"Refusing" Commands" 20" Displaying"Aggression" 10" 0" Pushing"or"Shoving"Officer" Striking"Officer" Armed"with"Weapons" " 11" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Suspect"Mental"State" Suspected!Influences! 60" 50" 40" Alcohol" Drugs" 30" Mental"Illness" 20" Unknown" 10" 0" Alcohol" Drugs" Mental"Illness" Unknown" " " " Professional"Compliance" In"2013,"neither"Professional"Compliance"nor"the"Patrol"Bureau"received" complaints"of"excessive"force"to"investigate.""" " " " " " " " 12" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Final!Analysis!and!Conclusions! I. Trends"F"After"reviewing"the"data"compiled"for"this"report,"there"are"no" readily"identifiable"trends.""" II. Training"and"Equipment" a. PRF24"" F No"officer"on"this"department"has"recertified"on"the"PRF24"side" handle"baton." F Due"to"cost"to"certify"instructors"and"the"fact"we"are"unable"to" locate"any"officer"in"patrol"that"still"carries"one,"it"is" recommended"to"remove"the"PRF24"from"our"authorized" equipment"list.""" b. Straight"or"collapsible"baton"" F The"need"to"have"this"tool"for"a"civil"disturbance"tool"is"still" required." F The"Taser"should"not"replace"the"baton"for"situations"where"an" officer"may"need"an"impact"weapon." F No"officer"has"recertified"on"the"straight"or"collapsible"baton" F Continue"to"reFauthorize"the"carrying"of"a"baton,"but"identify" trainers"who"will"become"instructors"on"this"tool"and"send"them" to"the"necessary"schools"to"recertify"entire"department.""" III. Early"Warning"System" F Use"of"force"incidents"are"being"tracked"and"recorded"per"policy," but"no"one"is"tracking"which"officer"is"using"force"per"specific" incident.""" F This"is"needed"to"identify"officers"that"may"resort"to"force"and"lack" deFescalation"skills." F This"is"a"serious"liability"issue"for"the"agency"and"needs"to"be" corrected"immediately.""" F Recommend"purchase"of"an"Early"Warning/Early"Intervention" System"to"rectify"this"deficiency.""" " 13" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( 2014% Covington%Police%Department%Defensive% Action%Annual%Report%&%Analysis! """"" """" """" " " " Prepared"by"CPT"Gregory"Jones" Administrative"Support"Captain" January"3,"2014" " " " " 1" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Executive!Summary:! The"Accreditation"Office"of"the"Covington"Police"Department"is"completing"its" annual"Defensive"Action"selfFanalysis"as"a"continuing"improvement"process" through"the"Commission"on"Accreditation"for"Law"Enforcement"Agencies."Each" accredited"law"enforcement"agency"must"perform"an"internal"Use"of"Force" analysis"(CALEA"1.3.13)."The"analysis"is"systematically"structured"to"identify"any" patterns"or"trends."Analysis"should"reveal"patterns"or"trends"that"could"predict"or" could"indicate"the"need"for"an"increase"in"the"Use"of"Force"training,"equipment" purchases"or"upgrades"and/"or"the"necessity"for"policy"modifications."" The"Defensive"Action"analysis"completed"by"the"Covington"Police"Department" provides"a"critical"process"in"reviewing"departmental"policies"and"procedures."This" analysis"provides"a"process"for"improvement"in"our"policy"language,"records" management"system,"capturing"additional"data"and"supervisor"oversight"in" Defensive"Actions"incidents."" Supervisory"staff"must"ensure"all"reports"and"forms"are"completed"when"required." A"Defensive"Action"form"is"completed"every"time"force"is"used"to"accomplish"an" enforcement"action."The"Covington"Police"Department"strives"for"continuous" improvement"through"personnel"development,"policy"enhancement"and"proF active"response"in"order"to"provide"effective"service"to"the"citizens,"business" owners"and"visitors"of"the"City"of"Covington" " Introduction:!"" Commission"on"Accreditation"for"Law"Enforcement"Agencies"(CALEA)"requires"a" law"enforcement"agency"to"conduct"a"documented"annual"analysis"of"the" defensive"action"(use"of"force)"reports"required"by"this"agency."A"written" defensive"action"report"is"submitted"whenever"an"employee:"" 1."Discharges"a"firearm"for"other"than"training"or"recreational"purposes."" 2."Takes"an"action"that"results"in,"or"is"alleged"to"have"resulted"in,"death"or"injury" of"another"person."" 2" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( 3."Applies"force"through"the"use"of"lethal"or"less"lethal"weapons."" 4."Applies"weaponless"physical"force"at"a"level"as"defined"by"this"agency."" The"Covington"Police"Department"General"Order"1.3"F"Use"of"Force"provides"our" employees"with"guidelines"on"the"Use"of"Force."The"Department"recognizes"the" value"of"human"life,"which"is"immeasurable"in"our"society."It"is"the"policy"of"this" agency"that"investigators"may"use"only"the"minimum"amount"of"force"necessary" to"accomplish"lawful"objectives."The"lawful"Use"of"Force"must"be"controlled"and" confined"so"that"an"employee"will"not"subject"himself/herself"to"civil"and"criminal" liability." Policy/Procedure:!! Covington"Police"Department"General"Order"1.3.13"states:"" A.(Whenever(an(officer(must(physically(compel(another(person(to(submit(to( his/her(authority(regardless(of(the(means(employed,(the(officer(shall(notify(the( OnADuty(Shift(Supervisor(and(a(signed(Defensive(Action(Report(shall(be(made(and( forwarded(to(the(Chief(of(Police(detailing(the(circumstances(surrounding(the(use( of(force(and/or(any(injury(or(death(to(another(person(or(injury(or(death(alleged(to( have(resulted(from(actions(by(an(officer.(( 1.(This(report(requirement(applies(to(all(use(of(deadly(force(incidents( occurring(on(or(off(duty(when(the(officer(is(acting(under(the(color(of(law.(It( also(includes(the(unintentional(use(of(deadly(force(such(as(an(unintentional( discharge(of(a(service(or(other(firearm.(This(report(requirement(would(not( include(the(normal(use(of(a(firearm(in(training,(practice,(recreational( situations,(or(for(the(humane(destruction(of(a(sick(or(injured(animal(unless(it( results(in(injury(to(the(officer(or(another(individual.(( 2.(This(report(requirement(applies(to(all(incidents(occurring(on(or(off(duty( when(an(officer,(acting(under(the(color(of(law,(uses(or(is(alleged(to(have( used(physical(force(against(another(person(or(against(an(attacking(or( aggressive(animal(for(defensive(purposes.”" " 3" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Covington"Police"Department"General"Order"Defensive"Action"Report"Review" 1.3.14"states:" “A.(All(Defensive(Action(Reports(shall(be(reviewed(by(each(supervisor(in(the( reporting(officer’s(chain(of(command(and(by(a(member(of(the(department’s( training(staff.((( 1.(Reviewers(shall(examine(each(Defensive(Action(Report(to(ensure(detailed( documentation(of(the(incident.( 2.(The(review(shall(consist(of(an(examination(and(evaluation(of(elements( which(include(but(are(not(limited(to:( a.(Complete(identifying(information(for(all(involved(parties( b.(Reasonableness(and(necessity(of(the(force(used( c.(Compliance(with(local,(state,(and(federal(laws( d.(Compliance(with(department(policy( e.(Effectiveness(of(force(utilized(( f.(Documentation(of(injuries(sustained(as(a(result(of(the(force(applied.( B.(When(judging(the(reasonableness(of(a(particular(use(of(force(it(must(be(judged( from(the(perspective(of(a(reasonable(officer(and(in(light(of(the(facts(and( circumstances(confronting(that(officer(at(the(time(the(force(was(used.( C."Reviewers(shall(submit(their(findings(with(recommendations(through(the(chain( of(command(to(the(Chief(of(Police(who(shall(decide(if(any(further(action(is( warranted.”( "" " " " 4" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Covington"Police"General"Order"1.3.15"Chief's"Review"of"Defensive"Action"Reports" states:"" “A.(The(Chief(of(Police(shall(review(the(facts(of(the(incident(and(the( recommendations(of(the(reviewers.( B.((If(it(is(determined(by(the(Chief(of(Police(that(further(review(is(needed(the( incident(may(be(assigned(to(the(Professional(Compliance(Board(for(further( investigation.( C.(Circumstances(may(exist(that(necessitate(the(investigation(of(the(incident(by(an( outside(police(agency.(Under(such(circumstances,(the(Chief(of(Police(may(request( an(investigation(of(the(incident(by(an(independent(investigative(body.(( D.(If(it(is(determined(by(the(Chief(of(Police(that(the(incident(is(not(within( department(policy(the(Chief(shall(take(appropriate(action.”( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 5" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Analysis:! Comparisons( Totals" In"2014"the"Covington"Police"Department"made"4826"arrests.""Of"those"arrests," force"was"used"in"73"or"1.51%.""That"number"and"percentage"show"a"decrease"in" use"of"force"and"is"consistent"with"a"decrease"in"arrests"over"the"last"three" previous"years"(2011"–"104/1.53%,"2012F91/1.75,"2013"–"97/1.98%)" " Defensive"Action"Reports"Total"by"Year" Defensive!Ac;on!Reports! 160" 140" 2007" 120" 2008" 100" 2009" 80" 2010" 2011" 60" 2012" 40" 2013" 20" 2014" 0" 2007" 2008" 2009" 2010" 2011" 2012" 2013" 2014" " " " " " " 6" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Types"of"defensive"actions"applied" 80" 70" 60" 50" 2011" 40" 2012" 30" 2013" 20" 2014" 10" 0" KF9" Baton" Taser" Firearm" Firearm" (animal)" OC/PB" Empty"Hand" " In"2014"Tasers"were"deployed"12"times"(16.44%,"down"54%"from"2013),"with" empty"hand,"strikes"or"take"downs,"used"57"times"(78.08%)." " Race"&"Gender 100" 90" 80" 70" 2011" 60" 50" 2012" 40" 2013" 30" 2014" 20" 10" 0" White" Black" Male"" Female" " In"2014"force"was"used"in"situations"involving"males"80.82%"of"the"time."""" Defensive"actions"were"used"with"Caucasians"63.01%"of"the"times,"and"AfricanF Americans"34.25%"of"the"time.""The"percentage"of"use"of"force"involving"AfricanF 7" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Americans"is"consistent"with"previous"years:"2011F34.62%,"2012F34.07%,"2013F 27.84%." " Injuries" 25" 20" 2011" 15" 2012" 2013" 10" 2014" 5" 0" Suspect" Suspect"Black" Suspect"white" Officer" ( Suspect"injuries"were"10"total,"two"of"which"were"KF9"apprehensions,"(7"percent" of"total"force"used),"a"continuing"downward"trend"of"the"last"four"years.""Of"the" ten"injuries"seven"male"whites"were"injured"and"3"black"males.""There"were"was" one"Officer"injured." ( ( ( ( ( ( 8" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( 2014%specific%data% Age"of"Suspect" Age! 40" 35" 30" 19"&"under" 25" 20F29" 20" 30F39" 15" 40F49" 10" 50"&"older" 5" 0" 19"&"under" 20F29" 30F39" 40F49" 50"&"older" " " Day"of"the"Week"" 16" 14" 12" Monday" 10" Tuesday" 8" Wednesday" 6" Thursday" 4" 2" 0" Friday" Saturday" Sunday" " The"weekends"were"the"most"prevalent"times"for"defensive"actions"to"be"used.""" " 9" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Time!of!Day! Time"of"Day" 0000F0059" 0100F0159" 0200F0259" 0300F0359" 0400F0459" 0500F0559" 0600F0659" 0700F0759" 0800F0859" 0900F0959" 1000F1059" 1100F1159" 1200F1259" 1300F1359" 1400F1459" 1500F1559" 1600F1659" 1700F1759" 1800F1859" 1900F1959" 2000F2059" 2100F2159" 2200F2259" 2300F2359" 10" 9" 8" 7" 6" 5" 4" 3" 2" 1" 0" " " Patrol!Sector! 30" 25" Sector"1" 20" Sector"2" 15" Sector"3" Sector"4" 10" Sector"5" 5" 0" Sector"1" Sector"2" Sector"3" Sector"4" Sector"5" " " 10" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Suspect!Ac;ons! 25" Wrestle"with"Officer" 20" Pulling"Away"or"Refusing" Commands" 15" 10" Displaying"Aggression" 5" Pushing"or"Shoving"Officer" 0" Striking"Officer" Armed"with"Weapons" " Reason!Force!Used! 60" 50" 40" 30" Reason"Force"Used" 20" 10" 0" Prevent"an"Agack" Effect"Arrest" Agempt"to"Flee" Emoional"Crisis" " " " " " 11" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Loca;on!Type! 45" 40" 35" 30" 25" 20" 15" 10" 5" 0" Locaion"Type" " " Suspected!Influences! 90" 80" 70" 60" Alcohol" 50" Drugs" 40" Mental"Illness" 30" Unknown" 20" 10" 0" Alcohol" Drugs" Mental"Illness" Unknown" " " " " 12" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( Professional"Compliance" In"2014,"neither"Professional"Compliance"nor"the"Patrol"Bureau"received" complaints"of"excessive"force"to"investigate.""" " Policy"Review" I. Addition"of"precipitation"of"force"section"to"policy"–"It"is"recommended"that" the"Agency"add"a"prohibition"concerning"precipitation"of"force.""Recent" court"cases"have"ruled"against"Officers"and"agencies"where"the"Officer" escalated"a"situation"resulting"in"force"being"used.""" II. Moving"of"Agency"weapons"and"qualifications"to"a"separate"chapter"–"This" is"recommended"to"keep"the"force"chapter"applying"only"to"use"of"force" and"make"the"use"of"force"policy"easier"to"read.""" III. Taser"" a. It"is"recommended"to"remove"the"section"saying"target"area"should" be"lower"center"mass"as"it"is"difficult"to"explain.""Instead"the"target" area"should"be"listed"as,"“Aim"according"to"manufacturer" recommendation"and"training,"the"head,"face,"neck"and"genitals" should"not"be"intentionally"targeted,"unless"a"higher"level"of"force" can"be"justified."“""This"will"allow"flexibility"to"comply"with"Taser’s" recommendations.""" b. Recommend"prohibiting"the"use"of"Taser"on"passive"resistance.""This" is"in"response"to"a"recent"6th"Circuit"Case"(Hagans"v."Franklin"County" SO)"that"states"it"is"unreasonable"to"use"a"Taser"on"a"subject"who"is" passively"resisting.""" IV. Recommend"adding"a"section"as"to"when"medical"aid"shall"be"summoned." V. Recommend"adding"a"section"on"the"use"of"chemical"agents,"chemical" munitions"and"SWAT"weapons.""" VI. Recommend"a"section"specifying"as"to"when"a"defensive"action"report" should"be"completed.""" VII. Recommend"adding"a"section"requiring"photographs"to"always"be"taken" when"force"is"used.""" 13" "P a g e " " Covington(Police(Department(Defensive(Action(Annual(Report(&(Analysis( VIII. Recommend"adding"a"critical"incidents"policy"(when"Officers"use"force"or" any"other"actions"that"cause"death"or"serious"physical"injury)." " " " Final!Analysis!and!Conclusions! I. Trends"F"After"reviewing"the"data"compiled"for"this"report,"there"are"no" readily"identifiable"trends.""" II. Training"and"Equipment"–"The"Agency"needs"to"train"and"recertify"all" employees"in"all"less"than"lethal,"including"Taser,"and"empty"hand"control" techniques.""This"is"to"comply"with"accreditation"standards"and"to"ensure"a" highly"trained"and"professional"Agency.""" III. Early"Warning"System"–"This"was"part"of"last"year’s"recommendation"and" will"be"an"issue"to"be"purchased"this"year.""" F Use"of"force"incidents"are"being"tracked"and"recorded"per"policy,"but" no"one"is"tracking"which"officer"is"using"force"per"specific"incident.""" F This"is"needed"to"identify"officers"that"may"resort"to"force"and"lack" deFescalation"skills." F Recommend"purchase"of"an"Early"Warning/Early"Intervention" System"to"rectify"this"deficiency.""" IV. Implement"the"above"listed"items"from"the"policy"review.""" " 14" "P a g e " "