Scientific articles are meant to be objective, but U.S. District Judge Kathleen O'Malley had doubts about the work presented in her court during litigation against manufacturers of welding products. In February 2008, she ordered all parties to produce records of any payments made to the authors of scientific articles cited by expert witnesses. Judge O'Malley wrote in her order that these authors could have "prejudices or biases. The most obvious of these possible biases is the receipt of money from one of the parties." The welding industry produced a list of over $10 million in payments to the authors of the scientific articles--dwarfing the $500,000 that the plaintiffs had spent. Here is the full list of the industry's payments, itemized by date and recipient. -- The Center for Public Integrity, June 2008 Payee I Payment date(s) Chemllisk 2 Welding Fume Analysis 12/7/2005 12/31/2005 1/31/2006 1/31/2006 2/28/2006 2/28/2006 2/28/2006 3/31/2006 4/30/2006 4/30/2006 5/31/2006 5/31/2006 6/30/2006 6/30/2006 6/30/2006 7/31/2006 8/31/2006 8/31/2006 8/31/2006 8/31/2006 9/30/2006 9/30/2006 10/31/2006 10/31/2006 10/31/2006 10/31/2006 11/30/2006 1 1/30/2006 12/31/2006 1/31/2007 3/22/2004 5/31/2004 7/6/2004 total nvoiee amounts and $13 222.$13 518.25 $5 096.50 $3 080.50 $106 224.$997 16 $278 40 $326 $262 620 Art1cle(s)/ listing related to payee -State ofthe Science Review Does Manganese Exposure During Welding Pose a Neurological Risk" (Finley) (2007) Expert(s) On Whose List Article Appears -Furbee Notes ChemRisk is aftiliated with Dr Finley a disclosed expert The majority of the mvoices reflect Work done by Dr Finley of Welding Furbee Welding Fume from E6010 and Fume B308 16 Electrodes Furbee Analysis is 7/3 1/2006 2/19/2008 M.D. 2/19/2008 Dickinson, D. W. 4 Eidelberg, David, 8/8/2004 10/2/2004 12/5/2004 2/9/2005 3/6/2005 5/22/2005 6/28/2005 8/15/2005 1/1/2005 3/10/2006 5/11/2005 0/13/1997 4/27/1998 9/28/1999 2/28/2000 3/24/2000 4/25/2000 8/21/2001 2/13/2003 4/14/2003 4/16/2004 0/1/04 (if) 11/1/2004 11/3/2004 11/8/2004 2/2/2005 3/2/2005 4/1/2005 4/6/2005 6/30/2005 7/31/2005 9/1/2005 10/10/2005 6/12/2006 11/21/2006 1 1/28/2006 11/30/2007 $36,450.00 $17,969.00 $39,324.51 $30,000.00 $15,000.00 $35,000.00 $35,000.00 $35,000.00 $70,000.00 $35,000.00 $430,823. 51 $2,062.50 $6,971.00 $400.00 $1,000.00 $1,200.00 $3,200.00 $4,043.70 $1,000.00 $500.00 $45,000.00 $3,500.00 $45,000.00 $2,250.00 $2,500.00 $625.00 $2,125.00 $9,500.00 $4,000.00 $40,000.00 $2,275.00 $52,929.80 $4,025.01 $650.00 $1,375.50 $3,900.00 $93,364.50 $0,075.00 $341,809.51 (2005) -Analysis of Welding Fume from E701 8 Electrodes (2004) -Analysis of Welding Fume from Lincore Electrodes (2005) -Analysis of Welding Fume from E6010 and B308-16 Electrodes (2005) -Analysis of Welding Fume from Electrodes (2004) -Analysis of Welding Fume from Lincore Electrodes (2005) -Blinded positron emission tomography study of dopamine cell implantation for Parkinsoifs disease (2001) -Differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism with [1013] fluorodeoxyglucose and PET (1998) -Functional brain imaging in Parkinson's disease (2003) -Functional brain imaging of movement disorders (2000) -Functional brain networks in movement disorders (2000) -Quantitative brain PET: comparison of 2D and 3D acquisitions on the GE advance scanner (1 998) -SPECT imaging in Parkinson's disease (2001) Page 2 of 34 affiliated with -Furbee Dickinson and Lippold, who are disclosed experts. Payments reflect payments for work done by Dickinson and Lippold. -Furbee Disclosed expert. -Furbee -Furbee -Eidelberg Disclosed expert. -Eidelberg -Eidelberg -Eidelberg -Eidelberg -Eidelberg -Eidelberg -Schapira, Hurtig, Eidelberg Eidelberg, Sze -Schapira, Htutig 5 Environmental 1/9/2004 $1,651.79 Protection Agency 3/31/2005 $260.90 12/10/2007 $329.15 $2,241.84 2/19/2008 -The metabolic landscape of Pa1?kinson's disease (1999) -The role of functional neuroimaging in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy (2004) -The role of radiotracer imaging in Parkinson's disease 2005 -Retention and Intracellular Distribution of Instilled Iron Oxide Particles in Human Alveolar Macrophages (Bennet, Bromberg, Devlin, Kim, Lay - funded in part by EPA) (1998) effects of manganese on mood (Bowler - funded in part by EPA) (2003) -Translocation of inhaled Ultrafine Manganese Oxide Particles to the Central Nervous System (Carter, Eider, Feikert, Finkelstein, Gelein, Ito, Maynard, Oberdorster, Opanashuk, Potter, Silva - funding from EPA) (2006) -Manganese Distribution Across the Blood-Brain Barrier The Divalent Metal Transporter -1 is not the Maj or Mechanism Mediating Brain Manganese Uptake (Crossgrove - funding from EPA) (2004) -Inhalation health risks of manganese: an EPA perspective (Davis) (1999) -Correlation of brain magnetic resonance -Furbee -Sze, Hurtig -Furbee -Furbee -Schapira -Furbee, Sze -Furbee -Schapira -Sze -Sze -Sze -Sze, Hurtig -Sze Page 3 of 34 1/9/2004 payment for copying charges in connection with document request. 3/3 1/2004 payment for clerical and professional time and copy and print charges. 12/10/2007 payment for <=9PyiI1s charges and document search time. 2/ 1 9/2008 imaging changes with pallidal manganese concentrations in rhesus monkeys following subchronic manganese inhalation (Dye) (2006) -Behavioral and autonomic thermoregulation in the rat following hypothyroidisin (Gordon) (1997) -Effects from enviromnental Mn exposures: a review of the evidence from non- occupational exposure smdies (Hudnell) (1999) -Manganese neurotoxicity, a continuum of dysfunction: results from a community based study (Hudnell) (1999) -Bioindicator and exposure data for a population based study of manganese (Hudnell, Baldwin, Belanger, Bilodeau, Tardift) (1999) -Manganese accentuates adverse mental health effects associated with alcohol use disorders (Hudnell, Bowler, Mergler, Sassine) (2002) effects of manganese on mood (Hudnell, Larribe, Mergler, Sassine) (2003) -Quantification of neuromotor function for detection ofthe effects of manganese (Hudnell, Beuter, DeGeoffroy, Edwards, Mergler) (1999) -Methods of calculating lung delivery and deposition of aerosol particles (Kim) (2000) -Furbee -Furbee -Furbee, Schapira, Hurtig -Furbee Page 4 of 34 Environ 9/26/2007 $575 .00 International Corp. 10/23/2007 $4,094.66 11/28/2007 $4,862.19 11/29/2007 $5,829.87 11/29/2007 $24,394.19 12/19/2007 $25,473.59 12/ 19/2007 $51,649.82 $116,879.32 7 Exponent 1/10/2003 $3,500.00 11/11/2004 $542.32 2/19/2008 -Manganese Distribution Across the Blood-Brain Barrier The Divalent Metal Transporter -1 is not the Maj or Mechanism Mediating Brain Manganese Uptake (Yokel - partly funded by EPA) (2004) -A study of the relationships between Parkinson's disease and markers of traffic- derived and environmental manganese air pollution in two Canadian cities (Finkelstein, M, Jerrett - funded in part by EPA) (2007) -EPA Health Assessment Document for Manganese Final Report Page 5 of 34 -Determination of an Sze Environ is Occupational Exposure affiliated with Guidelines for Fred Boelter, Manganese Using the a disclosed Benchmark Method, -Furbee expert. Risk Analysis (Clewell, Crump, Lawrence) Invoices (2003) -Sze reflect payments -State-of-the-Science made for Review: Does -Furbee work done by Manganese Exposure Mr. Boelter. During Welding Pose a Neurological Risk? (Santamaria) (2007) -The effects of manganese in air (Clewell, Crump) (2004) (Environ Health Sciences Institute) -Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Manganese. Physiological Approaches Accounting for Background and Tracer Kinetics (Covington) (2007) -State of the Science -Furbee Exponent is Review: Does affiliated with Page 6 of 34 12/ 1 7/2004 $10,938.45 Manganese Exposure Mark Roberts 1/ 1 1/2005 $5,440.72 During Welding Pose a -Furbce who has 2/14/2005 $8,735.00 Neurological Risk? spoken 3/ 10/2005 $1,100.00 (Mowat, Cushing) publicly on 5/18/2005 $5,246.84 (2007) behalf of 6/ 1_4/2005 $2,662.50 Defendants. 7/14/2005 $4,260.00 -Fate of manganese 8/11/2005 $2,485.00 associated with the The majority 9/8/2005 $1,065.00 inhalation of welding of the 10/1 8/2005 $2,840.00 fumes: potential invoices 1 1/21/2005 $3,550.00 neurological effects reflect 12/14/2005 $3,905.00 (2005) payments for 1/12/2006 $2,130.00 Mr. Roberts' 2/21/2006 $3,275.00 time. 3/7/2006 $1,875.00 4/12/2006 $3,000.00 5/18/2006 $3,000.00 6/28/2006 $3,000.00 7/26/2006 $3,750.00 8/10/2006 $3,000.00 9/26/2006 $3,000.00 10/24/2006 $1,875.00 1 1/22/2006 $3,000.00 12/6/2006 $1,500.00 1/6/2007 $750.00 2/9/2007 $1,580.00 4/12/2007 $790.00 5/9/2007 $1,580.00 6/16/2007 $790.00 7/26/2007 $3,160.00 $97,325.83 Fechter, Laurence 8/23/2005 $21,700.00 -Distribution of -Schapira Disclosed manganese in expert. development (1999) -Furbee -The relationship of particle size to olfactory nerve uptake of a non- soluble form of manganese into brain (2002) 9 Garabrant, David 11/3/2001 $2,024.00 -Reanalysis of the -Makuch Disclosed H. 11/23/2001 $3,954.60 underlying data expert. 5/12/2002 $7,689.00 produced by Dr. Racette, 8/24/2002 $2,728.00 under Court Order, in 10/12/2002 $396.00 the Welding Fume 12/31/2002 $2,432.00 Products Liability 2/1/2003 $5,610.00 Litigation 5/4/2003 $6,130.64 7/ 14/2003 13,854.24 9/28/2003 $2,508.00 11/16/2003 $10,940.00 7/3/2004 $8,067.95 8/30/2004 $3,520.00 8/31/2004 $7,860.36 9/4/2004 $1,496.00 9/26/2004 $2,601.00 10/24/2004 $1,628.00 2/19/2008 10/24/2004 $3,887.50 11/28/2004 $8,715.00 2/5/2005 $42,617.85 2/5/2005 $1,575.00 2/6/2005 $14,218.13 4/3/2005 $2,730.00 4/3/2005 $2,405.47 5/11/2005 $24,702.21 5/11/2005 $1,312.50 5/11/2005 $8,032.50 5/11/2005 $21,510.63 7/18/2005 $8,766.25 7/18/2005 $2,625.00 8/28/2005 $7,910.15 11/19/2005 $9,591.25 1/3/2006 $15,967.05 2/ 19/2006 $5,077.75 5/6/2006 $16,742.50 8/27/2006 $21,322.50 1 1/20/2006 $54,142.02 1 1/21/2006 $2,479.41 5/15/2007 $5,862.50 11/11/2007 $2,415.00 96 10 Goldman, Samuel 6/18/2004 $1,750.00 M. 5/10/2007 $14,000.00 $15,750.00 1 1 Haward School of 7/3/1997 $1,250.00 Public Health 2/19/2008 -Occupation and Parkinson's disease onset age in a movement disorders clinic (2004) -Manganese exposure and risk of Parkinson disease in twins (2004) -Occupation and Parkinson disease (PD) onset age in three movement disorders clinics (2004) -Occupation and parkmsomsm in three movement disorders clinics (2005) -Welding and risk of Parkinson disease 2004 -Chronic manganese poisoning (Canavan, Cobb, Drinker) (1934) . 3 . . a -Chronic manganese poisoning: report of a case with autopsy (Canavan, Cobb, Drinker) (1934) Page 7 of 34 -Furbee Disclosed expert. -Hurtig -Makuch -Hurtig, Schapira, Furbee, Perl (2) -Hurtig, Schapira, Furbee -Furbee Payment i11 connection -Perl (2), with Dr. Furbee, Antonini's Perl, deposition in Hurtig, the Jon es Schapira, (Indiana) Sze case. -F urbee 2/ 19/2008 -Estimation of Personal Exposures to Particulate Matter and Metals in Boiler Overhaul Work (Christiani, Hauser, Herrick, Liu, Smith, Williams, Woodin) (2005) -Exposure to Fuel - Oil Ash and Welding Emissions During the Overhaul of an Oil-Fired Boiler (Christiani, Hauser, Herrick, Liu, Smith, Williams, Woodin) (2005) -The Association of Expired Nitric Oxide with Occupational Particulate Metal Exposure (Christiani, Hauser, Herrick, Kim, Wand) (2003) -Ventilation in Arc Welding with Coated Electrodes (Drinker, Tebbens) (1 941) -Welding fumes in steel fabrication (Drinker) (1944) -The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease: neurotoxic mechanisms of actions and genetics (Feldman) (1999) -The role of radiotracer imaging in Parkinson's disease (Lange) (2005) -Number of Parkinson's disease deaths among male Welders over time: National Center for Health Statistics mortality data tiles, 1985- 1999 (Stampfer) -Welding occupations and Parkinson's disease mortality: analysis of National Center for Health Statistics Mortality Data, 1985- 1999 Stam fer 2006 -Furbee -Furbee -Furbee -Schapira -Perl, Perl (2) -Schapira, Hurtig -Makuch -Makuch Page 8 of 34 12 Hurtig, Howard, 4/2/2007 $19,515.00 M.D. 8/20/2007 $2,020.38 10/23/2007 $143.15 $21,678.53 13 International 9/29/2003 $57,940.00 Epidemiology 1/1/2004 $57,940.00 Institute 4/2/2004 $57,940.00 7/2/2004 $106,940.00 5/18/2005 $57,940.00 1/ 1 0/2005 $9,600.00 10/18/2004 $99,133.00 3/25/2005 $99,133.00 11/30/2005 $99,133.00 7/25/2006 $29,850.00 9/11/2006 $36,958.00 12/14/2006 $38,025.00 1/8/2007 $3 6,878.00 3/30/2007 $35,310.00 $913,195.00 (including Lipworth 2/ 19/2008 payments - see Notes) -Diagnostic accuracy of SPECT imaging in early Parkinson's disease (2004) -Magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonian (1989) -Welding-related parkinsonism: clinical features, treatment, and pathophysiology (2001) -What is Parkinson's Disease? Neuropathology, Neurochemistry, and Pathophysiology. In Par1>e 2003 -Welding and Parkinson -Makuch, Disclosed disease: is there a bond? Schapira, expert. (2005) Furbee, Hurtig -Schapira, -Levodopa and the Hurtig progression of ParI=g_nE _xi _Ewa qu ASW3 gn gn mg _gnu mxuomga 5 ga |_uc=X_n wcw_n__ Og1_E_f__ En; z21n_n_ max? Boom" _hE_ O: Ea ?ngum 56 _"Evan omg msg" Boom" _P$cna_5s za; Onan 2:7 GODS _fn 5_5 naman CE: E33 "Ei ?g_mnu_r_Q_ gn nagmnn _"nl QV 03653 Ea mn__?_nm _Jn 5_0 ginnmn _'Nagy macsm gan Sdana is :Env n_g5_ rows: aug any Ea _En 5_1 _'woman m_g_wm_? U95 Em? 33 m"__gQ_g 3? 3752 91 _:Mahan E72 goin _#Egg _:Moana 3 Guam? 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