The City of Cincinnati Integrated Violence Reduction Strategy: P.I.V.O.T. Place-based Investigations of Violent Offender Territories Eliot Isaac, Police Chief Cincinnati Police Department Focused Deterrence (Offender Based) Initiative Focused Deterrence (Offender Based) Initiative Focused Deterrence Principles: 1. Active chronic offenders commit majority of violence 2. Offenders loosely organized in groups/gangs* 3. Most violence based on disrespect, norms / narratives of the street 4. Violence can be impacted through group pressure/support 5. Sustained communication w/ streets What is a Gang Incident? Gang “Motivated” vs. Gang Member Involved • Motive Based Incident: One that furthers the ends of the gang – “Gang” prosecution. • Member Based: One that involves a gang member, regardless of what prompted the commission of the crime. – Majority of incidents Focused Deterrence in Practice: How does it work Direct communication with target population 7 Step Process: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Identify the Problem Organize Your Team Identify Violent Group/Gang Members Direct Engagement / Deliver Core Message Deliver Promises / Consequences Engage the Community Measure and Repeat Focus Deterrent Operations • • • • • • • • • Group/gang self selects by engaging in violence Gather intelligence Determine group weaknesses Coordinate relevant partners Refine intelligence* Utilize group weaknesses for enforcement Explore prosecution options Immobilize group through incarceration Timeframe: 6 months or less Place-Based Initiative Research Evidence that Supports a Place-Based Policing Strategy • Crime is concentrated across places • Troublesome places tend to stay that way without intervention. • A diffusion of crime prevention benefits is more likely than displacement. • Owners can create or correct troublesome places. Frequency of Crime – 80-20 Rule 0 A few have most of the crime Some have a modest amount of crime Most Crime Most places have little or no crime Places, rank ordered No Crime Organization of Crime Places Crime Places (Madensen & Eck, 2013) Proprietary Places (single address) Proximal Places (places that influence each other through close spatial proximity) Pooled Places (large aggregate areas - e.g., neighborhoods) Crime Sites -- micro-places where crime occurs Convergent Settings -- routine public meeting places (Felson 2003) Comfort Spaces -- offender created private staging and lounging locations (Hammer 2011) Corrupting Spots -- crime places that create crime at other places (Madensen & Eck, 2013) Meeting Supplying Staging Ch .- .- .I 1 luff a ista ?Aw? it - a - Egg?I ?rwmm Af?l?glgl - ?g;??4?x91 3.27 ?37 :3 24:3: . 1. I . i?jju Maldif?i .?im a i ."E'SbtPlace-Based Project Example Poinciana Apartments 3522 Reading Road Place Network Analysis Open-air drug market Crime Site – Most violent proprietary location in Avondale neighborhood Place Network Analysis Open-air drug market Crime Site – Most violent proprietary location in Avondale neighborhood Convergent Settings – Lincoln Statue, “Corner Market” Place Network Analysis Open-air drug market Crime Site – Most violent proprietary location in Avondale neighborhood Convergent Settings – Lincoln Statue, “Corner Market” Comfort Spaces – Specific apt. units, Nearby residences Place Network Analysis Open-air drug market Crime Site – Most violent proprietary location in Avondale neighborhood Convergent Settings – Lincoln Statue, “Corner Market” Comfort Spaces – Specific apt. units, Nearby residences Corrupting Spots – Nearby businesses Proprietary Places: Different Roles in the Crime Process Long Before Just Before During After X Crime Site X X X X X X Meeting X X X Supplying X X X Convergent Setting Comfort Space Staging Corrupting Spot X X X If we focus solely on crime sites, we ignore other stages and facilitators of the crime process. P.I.V.O.T. Place-Based Investigations of Violent Offender Territories Identify Locations Proximal Places Prolific Offenders Select long-standing (persistent) violent locations Investigate networks of contributing proximal places and prolific offenders • Integration with CIRV Disrupt Networks Disrupt these networks through a coordinated, citysponsored effort Establish Resiliency Monitor and sustain crime reductions by building victim/resident/business resiliency P.I.V.O.T. Place-Based Investigations of Violent Offender Territories Identify Locations Proximal Places Prolific Offenders SCANNING ANALYSIS Disrupt Networks RESPONSE Establish Resiliency ASSESSMENT How PIVOT Strengthens CPD’s Crime Fighting and Problem-Solving Capabilities 1. Leverages all available city resources 2. Disrupts each side of the crime triangle 3. Relies on familiar, systematic investigative processes 4. Promotes officer “buy-in” for problem-solving assignments Scanning Analysis Assessment Response 1. Leverages all available city resources Examples of City partnerships that will improve place-based investigations and responses City Planning Buildings & Inspections Community & Economic Development Health Department Fire Department Law Department Environment & Sustainability Public Services Transportation & Engineering Keep Cincinnati Beautiful Cincinnati Recreation Commission Parks Department Community Partnering Center Port Authority Community Development Corporations Local Community Councils 2. Disrupts each side of the crime triangle • Network analyses of (and response to) places/owners, offenders, and victims Focus Deterrent Processes City & Community Partnerships Crime Triangle Place Eliminate environmental “suspects” – problem conditions that facilitate social and physical disorders 3. Relies on familiar, systematic investigative processes • Officers are natural investigators • Case jacket approach Investigation Activities (30-day intel gathering) * Crime and demographic trends; Historical police/city/community interventions; Ownership analysis; Journey to crime (arrests, FI); Social media analysis; Documented social history (probationers/parolees, gangs, FI, homeless, mentally ill) Detailed Location Work-up* Intel Refresh Briefings Surveillance/Observations Community Intel • PIVOT will use an enhanced place investigation checklist to disrupt place networks, similar to offenderbased investigations 4. Promotes officer “buy-in” for problem-solving Captain Lt. Lt. Sgt. Liaison Officers • • • • • 5 VCS officers (1 per district) Special Services Section 2 Relief Officer per Shift 5 NLU Officers (1 per district) 5 District Sergeants PIVOT Strategy Sgt. Sgt. Officers Offender Place Sgt. Identifying PIVOT Project Areas: Other Firearm/Gun Offenses WeaponRelated CFS Illicit GoodsMarkets 365-day (1 yr) 1095-day (3 yr) 1825-day (5 yr) Points aggregated to a 100-by-100 ft. grid across the City of Cincinnati with a 400 ft. search radius Scale Aggravated Robbery 3 Time Frames Shootings (fatal and nonfatal) 4 Data Sets Analysis Parameters 20 locations were selected. These locations have the highest concentrations of violent crime indicators across all three time periods in Cincinnati. Determining Pr?blern S?lving Areas: Viulent Crime 3: Weapans Related for Service A Legend .r._r {La paidy' :15'lrrent: block '3le Terrier r! Uinuf??ym?ir '1 . I I Batu?? I I - I. Frail-lam .1 3-, 1. f- Suivmg Locatrans Hawa'i?n Tl.? (I, 1 r_ *1 WHIHHLHULSFULS by I far 1?1: . .r Wufeme Scare - Score 12 {12 locationsScore 11 [2 10123110115} .I- 1. .x r?Score [9 locations} film.- rid-Hmy?r' Jr Cure Snare [5 locations[may ?x _n.l combined leence Scare I I'd fr 7/ If! LIL- I 3 Harri??i?chcr L1.- csMuud I 3'5 staulodf?nwling ?Hr JJUU blnc?-D?i-Ruadrmg Rd ff 4" - E-B Har?snnf?cl-iunrgr 1.x 1 I h?r? I - .I, 1 33M) ?luc??cat}jng Eli ?Dismcta f. I . There are 23 or HID-IE r- I run"! mnhgu?us cells I i "LI:th a via Ence scan-:5 a an "hr-"?10 rumor 1 I i If? 1 mwmg?; mire: black. radius] is drawn ,1 .2 - - aruqu each 0f Li ?mrr35013 map: :31 L233 ?at-5mm? . x' A violent 12 means that each 3. .r 5 1 a. Qistrictl- viuleminditaim [Sho??ngs, agg - 3?30? b'?k warrob lam-y. ?rearm;an cl'fenses and Llun'r?ark tar-9"" a If}? weapcn-reLate-d calls [Ur granite?fths cydL-r '1 r' I I pari?ds nfintemst5'15 CI 1 3 HIEIE Prepared by: SEEP-IA BlaLu: Burl-1 Chrihtt'nsnn Data Frcpa rI:'I:l (In: LEJEEIEDIE Systemically Violent Locations Examples Primary Address: 3749 Glenway Av Name: BP % of Violent Crime Over 5 Year: 19.1% Primary Address: 2340 Gilbert Av Name: Marathon % of Violent Crime Over 5 Year: 21.5% Implementation Next Steps • Pre-Community Surveys (CPPC- end of Feb) • Pre-Social and Physical Disorder Surveys (CPD Staff- end of Feb) • Training of CPD and City Staff (Dr Madensen / CPD-Cpt Herold & PO Werner - end of Feb) • Journey to Crime Analysis (CPD-CAPS – Feb 15) City of Cincinnati Performance Goals • • • • • Safe Streets Healthy Neighborhoods Innovative Government Economic Growth/Sustainability Strategic Investment