School  of  Public  Service   Public  Policy  Survey Boise  State  University   PRESENTED   BY: Corey  Cook,  Dean  of  the  School  of  Public  Service Gregory  C.  Hill,  Chair  of  the  Department  of  Public   Policy  &  Administration Justin  S.  Vaughn,  Associate  Professor  of  Political   Science   PROJECT  DETAILS Conducted  January  11-­15,  2016 N  =  1,000  Idaho  Adults Margin  of  Error:  +/-­3.10% ©  2012  Boise   State  University 1 DIRECTION  OF  IDAHO Do  you  think  things   in  Idaho  are  generally  headed  in  the  right  direction,  or  do  you  feel  that   things   are  off  on  the  wrong   track? Right  Direction 80% Wrong  Track 57.0% 60% 35.2% 40% 20% 0% Right  Direction Wrong Track Net  Difference Over All 57.0 35.2 +21.8 Right  Direction Wrong Track Net  Difference Over All Boise MM 57.0 54.7 35.2 36.4 +21.8 +18.3 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 18-­29 56.4 33.5 +22.9 30-­44 57.9 35.1 +22.8 Ada 50.8 38.6 +12.1 Canyon 61.0 32.2 +28.8 Age 45-­54 55.4 36.6 +18.9 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 60.1 33.9 +26.2 Gender 55-­64 51.6 42.2 +9.3 Spokane  MM 54.8 35.9 +18.9 65+ 63.3 29.6 +33.7 Twin  Falls  MM 64.4 32.9 +31.5 M 59.0 33.4 +25.6 F 55.1 37.0 +18.1 Dem Party Indy GOP 34.5 55.2 -­20.7 50.1 41.1 +9.0 75.5 19.9 +55.6 2 MOST  IMPORTANT  ISSUE  FACING  IDAHO What  is  the  most  important  issue  facing  Idaho   today? Overall Education/school  funding 28.2 Economy 9.8 16.6 Jobs/unemployment 6.8 Healthcare/Obamacare 4.4 Immigration/the  refugees 3.4 Low  wages/income  inequality 3.0 Our  c urrent  governor/government  c ontrol 2.9 Gun  control 2.8 Water/lack  of  water 2.1 Don't   know/Refused 13.9 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 3 TOP  PRIORITIES  FOR  THE  IDAHO  LEGISLATURE Which   of  the  following   do  you  think  should   be  the  top  priority  of  the  Idaho  State  Legislature? And  from  the  same  list,  which   should   be  the  second  highest  priority  of  the  Idaho  State  Legislature? 1 st Priority 2 nd Priority Total Education 39.5 18.0 57.5 The  E conomy 12.8 15.1 27.9 Jobs  a nd  Unemployment   13.0 14.5 27.5 Healthcare 10.3 14.4 24.7 Natural Resources  (farming,  mining,  e nergy) 6.4 10.6 17.0 Immigration 6.3 7.5 13.8 Social  issues (abortion,  gay  marriage) 5.2 6.9 12.1 The  e nvironment 2.9 7.1 10.0 Transportation 2.1 3.2 5.3 DK/Refused 1.5 2.7 4.2 Issue ©  2015  Boise   State  University 25.8 55.4 4 TOP  PRIORITIES  FOR  THE  IDAHO  LEGISLATURE On  a  scale  of  1-­10,  with  1  being   not  at  all  important  and  10  being  extremely  important,  how  important   would   you  say  it  is  for  the  Idaho   State  Legislature  to  address  each  of  the  following   issues?   Issue 8-­10 4-­7 1-­3 Education 76.9 14.4 3.2 Jobs  a nd  the  economy 69.6 25.9 1.8 Healthcare 59.3 29.6 7.2 The  e nvironment 42.2 43.1 12.5 Immigration 38.5 37.1 19.5 Transportation 27.9 50.9 18.8 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 5 IDAHO  STATE  BUDGET Now,  moving  on  to  another  issue,  do   you  think  the  Idaho  state  budget  should   be  increased,   should   be  decreased,  or  should  stay  about  the  same? Increased Decreased Stay  t he  s ame 80% 60% 45.3% 35.4% 40% 20% 9.4% 0% Increased   Decreased Stay the  s ame Over All 35.4 9.4 45.3 18-­29 33.1 9.7 45.3 Increased Decreased Stay  the  s ame Over All 35.4 9.4 45.3 Boise MM 36.6 8.4 43.5 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 30-­44 35.9 11.6 40.5 Ada 38.6 8.0 40.5 Canyon 36.4 8.5 44.9 Age 45-­54 37.7 5.7 48.6 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 37.8 11.6 44.2 Gender 55-­64 39.1 11.2 43.5 Spokane  MM 30.0 11.1 48.8 65+ 32.0 7.7 50.9 Twin  Falls  MM 37.0 4.1 46.6 M 34.4 12.9 45.5 Dem 58.0 2.3 29.9 F 36.4 6.0 45.1 Party Indy 35.1 11.2 43.3 GOP 26.5 10.2 54.6 6 IDAHO  TAXES In  general,  would   you  say  that  taxes  in  Idaho   are  too  high,   too  low   or  about  right?   Too  high 80% About  right Too  low 66.9% 60% 40% 21.3% 20% 9.5% 0% Too  high About   right Too  low Over All 21.3 66.9 9.5 18-­29 17.8 67.8 9.7 Too  high About   right Too low Over All 21.3 66.9 9.5 Boise MM 22.0 64.0 11.0 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 30-­44 20.5 65.3 11.6 Ada 19.7 64.8 12.5 Canyon 25.4 66.1 6.8 Age 45-­54 22.9 68.6 8.0 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 22.7 69.1 6.4 Gender 55-­64 26.7 63.4 8.7 Spokane  MM 20.3 68.7 9.2 65+ 20.7 69.8 8.3 Twin  Falls  MM 15.1 71.2 12.3 M 23.5 63.2 11.5 F 19.1 70.6 7.6 Dem Party Indy GOP 12.6 63.2 20.7 22.7 66.0 9.6 23.0 71.2 4.3 7 ROLE  OF  GOVERNMENT Which   of  the  following   statements  comes  closest  to  your  own  opinion?   1. 2. I’d  r ather  pay  higher  taxes  and  have  a  state  government   that  provides  more  services OR   I’d  r ather  pay  lower  taxes  and  have  a  state  government   that  provides  fewer  services Higher  taxes/more  s ervices 80% 60% Lower  taxes/fewer  s ervices 49.9% 42.6% 40% 20% 0% Higher  Taxes Lower Taxes Net  Difference Over All 42.6 49.9 -­7.3 Higher  Taxes Lower  Taxes Net  Difference Over All 42.6 49.9 -­7.3 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 18-­29 44.5 49.2 -­4.7 Boise MM 49.6 42.5 +7.1 30-­44 45.9 47.9 -­1.9 Ada 52.7 40.5 +12.1 Canyon 45.8 44.1 +1.7 Age 45-­54 37.7 54.3 -­16.6 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 36.5 55.8 -­19.3 Gender 55-­64 41.6 50.9 -­9.3 Spokane  MM 35.9 56.2 -­20.3 65+ 40.8 48.5 -­7.7 Twin  Falls  MM 38.4 57.5 -­19.2 M 37.2 55.9 -­18.7 Dem 78.2 17.8 +60.3 F 47.9 43.9 +4.0 Party Indy 44.9 46.6 -­1.6 GOP 25.8 67.6 -­41.8 8 BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION 2015 Boise State University EDUCATION:  OVERVIEW On  a  s cale  of  1 -­10,  with  1  being  not   at  a ll  important  and  10  being  e xtremely  important,  how  important  would  you  s ay  it   is  for  the  Idaho  S tate  Legislature  to  address  e ach  of  the  following  issues? 76.9% 80% 60% 8  to  10 10 49.6 9 13.6 8 13.7 8 13.7 1  to  7 40% 20% 0% 8-­10 4-­7 1-­3 Over All 76.9 14.4 3.2 18-­29 78.4 13.6 0.8 8-­10 4-­7 1-­3 Over All 76.9 14.4 3.2 Boise MM 77.8 13.6 2.4 Issue Education Jobs  and  Unemployment   The  Economy Healthcare Natural Resources(farming,  mining  and  energy) Immigration Social  issues (abortion,  gay  marriage) The  environment Transportation DK/Refused ©  2015  Boise   State  University Education Age 45-­54 73.7 17.7 3.4 30-­44 80.3 11.6 1.9 Ada 77.7 14.4 2.3 17.6% Canyon 77.1 11.9 3.4 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 79.8 12.0 3.0 1st Priority 39.5 13.0 12.8 10.3 6.4 6.3 5.2 2.9 2.1 1.5 Gender 55-­64 73.9 17.4 5.6 65+ 75.7 13.6 5.9 Spokane  MM 71.9 18.0 5.5 Twin  Falls  MM 78.1 15.1 2.7 2nd Priority 18.0 14.5 15.1 14.4 10.6 7.5 6.9 7.1 3.2 2.7 M 72.6 17.9 3.8 Dem 90.8 4.6 0.6 F 81.1 10.9 2.6 Party Indy 78.1 12.9 3.0 GOP 69.1 20.9 4.1 Total 57.5 27.5 27.9 24.7 17.0 13.8 12.1 10.0 5.3 4.2 10 EDUCATION:  QUALITY  OF  K-­12  EDUCATION Now,  moving  on  to  another  issue,  do  you  think  t hat  quality  of  K-­12  public  education  in  Idaho  is  excellent,  good,  f air  or  poor? Excellent/Good 100% Fair/Poor 80% 70.1% 60% Fair  37.3 40% 20% 27.6% Exc  3.5 0% Exc/Good Fair/Poor Net  Difference Over All 27.6 70.1 -­42.5 18-­29 24.6 73.3 -­48.7 Exc/Good Fair/Poor Net  Difference Over All 27.6 70.1 -­42.5 Boise MM 24.4 72.6 -­48.3 ©  2015  Boise   State  University Poor  32.8 Good  24.1 30-­44 26.3 72.2 -­45.9 Ada 22.7 73.5 -­50.8 Age 45-­54 27.4 71.4 -­44.0 Area Canyon ID  Falls  Mkt 34.7 29.2 64.4 70.0 -­29.7 -­40.8 Gender 55-­64 26.1 70.2 -­44.1 Spokane  MM 31.8 65.0 -­33.2 65+ 35.5 60.9 -­25.4 Twin  Falls  MM 30.1 69.9 -­39.7 M 24.7 73.0 -­48.3 F 30.4 67.2 -­36.8 Dem Party Indy GOP 18.4 79.3 -­60.9 25.5 72.1 -­46.6 35.7 62.2 -­26.5 11 EDUCATION:  QUALITY  OF  K-­12  EDUCATION  COMPARISON Compared  to  other  states,  how   would   you  rate  the  overall  quality  of  Idaho’s  K-­12  public   education  system?   Above  Average About  Average Below  Average 80% 60% 51.5% 40% 31.5% 20% 11.5% Far  21.1 S’what  1 0.4 0% Above  Average About   Average Below  Average Net  Difference Over All 11.5 31.5 51.5 -­40.0 18-­29 11.4 29.7 53.0 -­41.5 Above Average About   Average Below  Average Net  Difference Over All 11.5 31.5 51.5 -­40.0 Boise MM 11.2 27.8 55.6 -­44.4 ©  2015  Boise   State  University S’what  3 0.4 30-­44 13.1 26.6 55.2 -­42.1 Ada 9.1 28.8 56.4 -­47.3 Canyon 16.1 29.7 47.5 -­31.4 Age 45-­54 8.6 34.3 54.3 -­45.7 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 11.2 31.8 53.2 -­42.1 Gender 55-­64 13.7 29.8 49.1 -­35.4 Spokane  MM 13.4 36.4 42.4 -­29.0 65+ 10.1 40.2 43.2 -­33.1 Twin  Falls  MM 9.6 34.2 50.7 -­41.1 M 11.3 33.6 49.3 -­38.0 F 11.7 29.4 53.7 -­41.9 Dem Party Indy GOP 7.5 21.3 68.4 -­60.9 10.7 29.3 54.0 -­43.3 14.3 39.5 39.8 -­25.5 12 EDUCATION:  PREPARING  STUDENTS  FOR  COLLEGE When  it  comes  to  preparing  students  for  college,   do  you  think   Idaho  is  doing   an  excellent,  good,   fair  or  poor  job? Excellent/Good 100% 80% Fair/Poor 72.7% 60% Fair  37.6 40% 22.6% 20% Poor  3 5.1 Good  2 0.5 0% Exc/Good Fair/Poor Net  Difference Over All 22.6 72.7 -­50.1 18-­29 23.3 73.3 -­50.0 Exc/Good Fair/Poor Net  Difference Over All 22.6 72.7 -­50.1 Boise MM 19.0 75.9 -­56.9 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 30-­44 19.7 77.2 -­57.5 Ada 16.3 78.4 -­62.1 Canyon 26.3 69.5 -­43.2 Age 45-­54 22.3 73.7 -­51.4 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 24.9 72.1 -­47.2 Gender 55-­64 26.1 70.2 -­44.1 Spokane  MM 26.7 67.7 -­41.0 65+ 23.1 66.3 -­43.2 Twin  Falls  MM 23.3 71.2 -­47.9 M 22.5 73.0 -­50.5 F 22.7 72.4 -­49.7 Dem Party Indy GOP 11.5 83.9 -­72.4 20.8 74.2 -­53.4 30.9 64.3 -­33.4 13 EDUCATION:  SCHOOL  FUNDING Which   of  the  following   comes  closest  to  your  opinion?   1.          Idaho’s  K-­12  public  education  system   needs   more  money   in  order  to  educate  our  children   well OR 2. Idaho’s  K-­12  public  education  system   has  enough  money,   but  instead  needs  to  undergo  major   reforms  to  educate   our  children  well More  Money 80% 60% Major  Reforms 49.0% 44.4% 40% 20% 0% More  Money Major  Reforms Net  Difference Over All 49.0 44.4 +4.6 More  Money Major  Reforms Net  Difference Over All 49.0 44.4 +4.6 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 18-­29 54.7 40.7 +14.0 Boise MM 52.8 40.9 +11.9 30-­44 52.9 40.5 +12.4 Ada 55.3 37.9 +17.4 Canyon 51.7 44.1 +7.6 Age 45-­54 49.1 44.6 +4.6 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 48.5 45.9 +2.6 Gender 55-­64 41.0 52.8 -­11.8 Spokane  MM 44.2 47.5 -­3.2 65+ 42.6 47.3 -­4.7 Twin   Falls  MM 37.0 54.8 -­17.8 M 45.7 46.7 -­1.0 F 52.3 42.1 +10.1 Dem Party Indy GOP 70.7 25.9 +44.8 51.5 42.7 +8.8 38.0 53.8 -­15.8 14 EDUCATION:  FUNDING  PRIORITIES Which   of  the  following   do  you  think  is  most  important  for  the  state  to  spend  education  dollars  on?   1. 2. 3. Providing  more  state  money   for  teacher  salaries Providing  more  state  money   for  schools   to  increase  per  pupil  funding Investing  more  state  dollars  i n  technology Teacher  Salaries Increase  Per  Pupil  $ Technology 80% 60% 42.2% 32.4% 40% 17.7% 20% 0% Teacher  S alaries Increase  P er  P upil  $ Technology Over All 42.2 32.4 17.7 Teacher  S alaries Increase  P er  P upil  $ Technology Over All 42.2 32.4 17.7 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 18-­29 43.6 35.6 16.9 Boise MM 44.6 32.1 15.7 30-­44 45.6 34.4 13.5 Ada 47.7 30.3 14.8 Canyon 40.7 36.4 15.3 Age 45-­54 41.7 32.6 19.4 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 47.2 31.8 15.0 Gender 55-­64 40.4 28.0 21.1 Spokane  MM 30.4 34.6 25.3 65+ 37.3 29.0 20.1 Twin  Falls  MM 46.6 28.8 16.4 M 40.8 30.8 20.3 Dem 43.1 39.7 13.8 F 43.5 34.0 15.1 Party Indy 39.2 34.2 18.9 GOP 43.9 28.8 19.1 15 BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY 2015 Boise State University ECONOMY:  OVERVIEW On  a  s cale  of  1 -­10,  with  1  being  not   at  a ll  important  and  10  being  e xtremely  important,  how  important  would  you  s ay  it   is  for  the  Idaho  S tate  Legislature  to  address  e ach  of  the  following  issues? 8  to  10 80% 1  to  7 69.6% 60% 10 33.5 9 15.5 8 20.6 40% 27.7% 20% 0% Economy 8-­10 4-­7 1-­3 8-­10 4-­7 1-­3 Over All 69.6 25.9 1.8 18-­29 65.7 31.4 1.3 Gender 55-­64 72.0 23.6 1.9 65+ 71.0 21.3 2.4 M 67.4 27.8 1.6 Area F 71.8 24.1 2.0 Over All Boise MM Ada Canyon ID  Falls  Mkt Spokane   MM Twin  Falls  MM Dem Party Indy GOP 69.6 25.9 1.8 67.7 27.6 1.9 65.9 31.1 1.1 69.5 23.7 2.5 74.7 21.9 1.3 70.5 24.4 1.8 60.3 34.2 2.7 67.2 29.3 1.1 70.1 26.0 1.4 69.1 26.5 1.8 Issue Education Jobs   and  Unemployment   The  Economy Healthcare Natural Resources(farming,   mining  and  energy) Immigration Social  issues (abortion,   gay  marriage) The  environment Transportation DK/Refused ©  2015  Boise   State  University Age 45-­54 70.9 25.7 1.1 30-­44 69.9 25.5 2.3 1st Priority 39.5 13.0 12.8 10.3 6.4 6.3 5.2 2.9 2.1 1.5 2nd Priority 18.0 14.5 15.1 14.4 10.6 7.5 6.9 7.1 3.2 2.7 Total 57.5 27.5 27.9 24.7 17.0 13.8 12.1 10.0 5.3 4.2 17 ECONOMY:  ECONOMIC  FUTURE  OF  IDAHO Over  the  next  2  years  do  you  think   Idaho’s  economy  is  going   to  get  better,  get  worse  or  stay  about  the  same? Better   Worse Stay  t he  s ame 80% 60% 42.9% 39.7% 40% 13.5% 20% 0% Better Worse Stay the  Same Over All 39.7 13.5 42.9 Better Worse Stay the  Same Over All 39.7 13.5 42.9 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 18-­29 39.8 14.0 41.1 Boise MM 43.5 12.9 39.2 30-­44 44.4 11.6 39.8 Ada 47.3 11.4 37.5 Canyon 41.5 15.3 39.0 Age 45-­54 38.9 14.3 45.7 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 35.2 16.3 45.9 Gender 55-­64 34.8 16.8 46.0 Spokane  MM 32.7 13.8 47.9 65+ 37.9 11.8 44.4 Twin   Falls  MM 49.3 9.6 39.7 M 41.2 13.9 40.4 F 38.2 13.1 45.3 Dem Party Indy GOP 36.8 12.6 45.4 34.5 16.2 45.8 46.2 10.5 39.5 18 ECONOMY:  IDAHO  ECONOMY  OF  THE  FUTURE Which   of  the  following   statements  comes  closest  to  your  own  opinion?   1. The  Idaho  economy  of  the  future  should  focus  on  growing  new  industries   like   technology   and  computer  sciences,   encouraging   innovation  and  an  entrepreneurial   culture;;   OR 2.                      The  Idaho  economy  of  the  future  should  focus  on  its  historical   strengths  in  natural  resources,   like   agriculture,   timber  and  mining. Future 80% Historic  Strengths 57.4% 60% 35.4% 40% 20% 0% Future Historic  Strengths Net Difference Over All 57.4 35.4 +22.0 18-­29 50.4 43.6 +6.8 Future Historic  Strengths Net  Difference Over All 57.4 35.4 +22.0 Boise MM 61.6 30.4 +31.3 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 30-­44 63.3 30.9 +32.4 Ada 70.1 24.6 +45.5 Canyon 48.3 40.7 +7.6 Age 45-­54 61.1 30.3 +30.9 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 55.4 40.3 +15.0 Gender 55-­64 55.3 37.3 +18.0 Spokane  MM 53.5 38.2 +15.2 65+ 56.2 34.3 +21.9 Twin   Falls  MM 52.1 39.7 +12.3 M 56.9 36.2 +20.7 F 57.9 34.6 +23.3 Dem Party Indy GOP 71.8 21.8 +50.0 58.4 35.6 +22.7 52.6 40.1 +12.5 19 ECONOMY:  ROLE  OF  GOVERNMENT Which   of  the  following   statements  comes  closest  to  your  own  opinion?   1. 2. The   government   should   let  each  person  get  ahead   on  their  own   merits  without  interference OR   The   government   should   help  people  get  a  job  and  achieve  a  good   standard  of   living Govt.  let  each  person  get  ahead  on  own  merits Govt  help  people  get  a  job 80% 57.4% 60% 35.4% 40% 20% 0% Get  ahead   on  own   merits Help  people  get  a  job Net Difference Over All 57.4 37.0 +20.4 Get  ahead   on  own   merits Help  people  get  a  job Net Difference Over All 57.4 37.0 +20.4 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 18-­29 55.9 39.4 +16.5 Boise MM 53.0 40.1 +12.9 30-­44 58.3 37.5 +20.8 Ada 50.0 42.8 +7.2 Canyon 56.8 38.1 +18.6 Age 45-­54 58.9 35.4 +23.4 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 62.2 34.8 +27.5 Gender 55-­64 60.2 33.5 +26.7 Spokane  MM 60.4 32.7 +27.6 65+ 53.8 37.9 +16.0 Twin   Falls  MM 60.3 37.0 +23.3 M 61.0 34.8 +26.2 F 53.9 39.2 +14.7 Dem Party Indy GOP 21.3 73.6 -­52.3 58.1 34.0 +24.1 71.9 24.0 +48.0 20 BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY IMMIGRATION 2015 Boise State University IMMIGRATION:  OVERVIEW On  a  s cale  of  1 -­10,  with  1  being  not   at  a ll  important  and  10  being  e xtremely  important,  how  important  would  you  s ay  it   is  for  the  Idaho  S tate  Legislature  to  address  e ach  of  the  following  issues? 8  to  10 1  to  7 80% 56.6% 60% 38.5% 40% 4  -­7 20% 10 19.4 1-­3 0% 37.1 19.5 Immigration 8-­10 4-­7 1-­3 Over All 38.5 37.1 19.5 Over All 8-­10 4-­7 1-­3 38.5 37.1 19.5 18-­29 34.3 39.8 21.2 Boise MM 37.5 36.0 21.8 Issue Education Jobs   and  Unemployment   The  Economy Healthcare Natural Resources(farming,   mining  and  energy) Immigration Social  issues (abortion,   gay  marriage) The  environment Transportation DK/Refused ©  2015  Boise   State  University 30-­44 34.4 39.8 22.8 Ada 33.0 38.6 22.3 Canyon 44.1 29.7 22.9 Age 45-­54 42.9 38.3 15.4 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 31.3 45.1 20.2 1st Priority 39.5 13.0 12.8 10.3 6.4 6.3 5.2 2.9 2.1 1.5 Gender 55-­64 47.2 29.2 19.9 Spokane   MM 44.2 31.3 16.6 65+ 37.9 35.5 16.0 Twin  Falls  MM 45.2 38.4 13.7 2nd Priority 18.0 14.5 15.1 14.4 10.6 7.5 6.9 7.1 3.2 2.7 M 36.6 36.2 22.7 F 40.4 38.0 16.3 Dem Party Indy GOP 29.3 43.1 25.3 35.3 37.8 21.4 44.9 34.9 15.1 Total 57.5 27.5 27.9 24.7 17.0 13.8 12.1 10.0 5.3 4.2 22 IMMIGRATION:  HELPING  OR  HURTING? Now,  I’d   like  to  ask  you  some  questions   about  another  topic:  immigration.    Would   you  say   immigration  helps  Idaho  more  than  it  hurts  or  immigration  hurts  Idaho  more  than  it  helps?   Helps  more  than  hurts Hurts  more  than  helps 80% 60% 47.8% 40.0% 40% 20% 0% Helps  more  than   hurts Hurts  more  than   helps Net Difference Helps  more  than   hurts Hurts  more  than   helps Net Difference Over All 47.8 40.0 +7.8 18-­29 53.8 32.2 +21.6 Age 45-­54 50.3 38.9 +11.4 30-­44 56.4 35.1 +21.2 65+ 33.1 53.3 -­20.1 M 47.9 40.2 +7.6 Area Over All Boise MM Ada Canyon 47.8 40.0 +7.8 49.6 38.1 +11.4 53.8 35.6 +18.2 43.2 41.5 +1.7 ©  2015  Boise   State  University Gender 55-­64 37.9 46.6 -­8.7 Twin   Falls   ID  Falls  Mkt Spokane  MM MM 53.6 37.8 50.7 36.1 46.1 41.1 +17.6 -­8.3 +9.6 F 47.7 39.8 +8.0 Party Dem Indy GOP 68.4 23.0 +45.4 50.4 36.7 +13.7 37.5 50.3 -­12.8 23 IMMIGRATION:  THE  SOLUTION When  it  comes  to  illegal  immigration,   which  solution   do  you  think  makes  the  most  sense  for  the  United  States?   1. 2. 3. Provide  a  pathway   to  citizenship  for  all  i mmigrants  i n  the  United   States  i llegally Provide  legal  status,  but   not  citizenship,  for  i mmigrants  here  illegally  to  work  and  pay  taxes Deport   all  i llegal  i mmigrants  i n  the  United  States  back  to  their  home  country Provide  pathway   to  citizenship Provide  legal  status/not   citizenship Deport    all  illegal  immigrants 80% 60% 45.3% 40% 26.9% 24.1% 20% 0% Pathway  to  citizenship 24.1 18-­29 30.9 30-­44 25.9 Age 45-­54 21.1 Legal status/not  citizenship 45.3 45.8 46.3 42.9 44.1 46.7 41.0 49.5 Deport  all  i llegal immigrants 26.9 21.2 23.2 32.6 32.9 29.0 32.2 21.7 Over All Gender 55-­64 19.9 65+ 18.9 M 23.9 F 24.3 Area Party Over All Boise MM Ada Canyon Pathway  to  citizenship 24.1 28.4 34.8 17.8 Legal status/not  citizenship 45.3 41.4 40.9 45.8 52.4 41.0 58.9 Deport  all  i llegal immigrants 26.9 25.4 18.9 32.2 22.7 38.2 16.4 ©  2015  Boise   State  University Twin   Falls   ID  Falls  Mkt Spokane  MM MM 21.5 18.0 23.3 Dem Indy GOP 39.7 26.0 16.1 48.9 46.6 44.6 9.8 23.3 36.0 24 BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT 2015 Boise State University ENVIRONMENT:  OVERVIEW On  a  s cale  of  1 -­10,  with  1  being  not   at  a ll  important  and  10  being  e xtremely  important,  how  important  would  you  s ay  it  is  for  the   Idaho  S tate  Legislature  to  a ddress  e ach  of  the  following  issues?   8  to  10 1  to  7 80% 55.6% 60% 42.2% 40% 10 20% 0% 4  -­7 17.4 9 7.7 8 17.1 1-­3 43.1 12.5 Environment 8-­10 4-­7 1-­3 Over All 42.2 43.1 12.5 Over All 8-­10 4-­7 1-­3 42.2 43.1 12.5 18-­29 41.9 46.2 11.4 Boise MM 44.2 41.4 11.9 Issue Education Jobs   and  Unemployment   The  Economy Healthcare Natural Resources(farming,   mining  and  energy) Immigration Social  issues (abortion,   gay  marriage) The  environment Transportation DK/Refused ©  2015  Boise   State  University 30-­44 41.7 40.2 16.2 Ada 42.4 40.5 13.6 Canyon 47.5 44.9 7.6 Age 45-­54 35.4 51.4 10.3 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 37.8 43.3 16.3 1st Priority 39.5 13.0 12.8 10.3 6.4 6.3 5.2 2.9 2.1 1.5 Gender 55-­64 42.2 39.1 16.1 Spokane   MM 40.6 45.2 12.4 65+ 50.3 38.5 7.1 Twin  Falls  MM 46.6 47.9 5.5 2nd Priority 18.0 14.5 15.1 14.4 10.6 7.5 6.9 7.1 3.2 2.7 M 37.4 45.5 15.1 F 46.9 40.8 9.9 Dem Party Indy GOP 59.8 35.6 1.1 46.0 40.8 11.8 30.6 49.2 18.1 Total 57.5 27.5 27.9 24.7 17.0 13.8 12.1 10.0 5.3 4.2 26 ENVIRONMENT:  RATING  THE  ISSUE Moving  on,  on  a  s cale  of  1  to  10  with  1  being  not   at  a ll  c oncerned  a nd  1 0  being  highly  c oncerned,  please  tell  me  how   concerned  y ou  a re  a bout  protecting  the  environment  in  Idaho? 8  to  10 1  to  7 80% 60% 54.5% 44.8% 40% 10 28.3 20% 9 8.1 8 18.1 0% 8-­10 4-­7 1-­3 8-­10 4-­7 1-­3 4  -­7 36.0 1-­3 8.8 Over All 18-­29 30-­44 Age 45-­54 55-­64 65+ M F 54.5 36.0 8.8 51.3 38.1 10.2 51.7 40.2 7.3 58.9 32.6 8.6 54.0 34.2 10.6 59.2 32.0 7.7 51.9 36.4 10.7 57.1 35.6 7.0 Over All Boise MM Ada 54.5 36.0 8.8 60.1 32.3 7.1 60.2 31.4 7.6 ©  2015  Boise   State  University Gender Canyon Area ID  Falls  Mkt Spokane  MM 57.6 33.9 8.5 45.9 40.8 12.4 46.1 43.3 9.2 Twin   Falls  MM Dem Party Indy GOP 69.9 23.3 6.8 74.7 22.4 2.9 56.4 35.3 7.4 43.4 43.6 12.5 27 ENVIRONMENT:  JOBS  VS.  PROTECTING  THE   ENVIRONMENT Which  of  t he  following  should  be  t he  priority  in  Idaho? 1. Environmental  protection OR 2.              Job   creation  and   economic  growth Environmental  Protection 80% Job  Creation  and  Economic  Growth 68.0% 60% 40% 25.0% 20% 0% Environmental  Protection Job  Creation/Economic Growth Net Difference Over All 25.0 68.0 -­43.0 18-­29 31.8 64.4 -­32.6 Environmental  Protection Job  Creation/Economic Growth Net Difference Over All 25.0 68.0 -­43.0 Boise MM 29.3 62.3 -­33.0 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 30-­44 21.6 72.6 -­51.0 Ada 32.6 59.1 -­26.5 Canyon 24.6 71.2 -­46.6 Age 45-­54 23.4 68.0 -­44.6 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 18.9 74.2 -­55.4 Gender 55-­64 26.7 65.8 -­39.1 Spokane  MM 22.6 72.4 -­49.8 65+ 20.7 68.0 -­47.3 Twin   Falls  MM 24.7 69.9 -­45.2 M 23.9 69.0 -­45.1 Dem 40.8 52.9 -­12.1 F 26.0 67.0 -­41.0 Party Indy 27.4 64.4 -­37.0 GOP 15.3 79.8 -­64.5 28 ENVIRONMENT:  ALL  OR  NOTHING  DEBATES Please  tell  me  whether  you  agree  or  disagree  with  the  following  statement:  Too  often  public  policy  debates  in  Idaho  are  all  or   nothing  conversations  with  one  side  saying  we  have  to  protect  the  environment  and  the  other  saying  we  have  to  grow  the   economy. The  truth  is,  this  is  a  false  choice.  Idaho  can  have  economic  development  while  still  protecting  the  environment. Agree Disagree 92.5% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 5.5% 0% Age Gender Over All 18-­29 30-­44 45-­54 55-­64 65+ M F Agree 92.5 94.1 93.8 90.3 95.0 88.2 92.2 92.8 Disagree 5.5 5.1 4.6 6.9 3.1 8.3 5.8 5.2 +87.0 +89.0 +89.2 +83.4 +91.9 +79.9 +86.3 +87.7 Net Difference Agree Disagree Net Difference Area Over All Boise MM Ada Canyon 92.5 92.2 93.2 90.7 Party Twin   Falls   ID  Falls  Mkt Spokane  MM MM 92.7 92.2 95.9 Dem Indy GOP 93.1 92.9 92.3 5.5 5.6 4.5 9.3 4.7 6.0 4.1 6.9 4.4 5.6 +87.0 +86.6 +88.6 +81.4 +88.0 +86.2 +91.8 +86.2 +88.5 +86.7 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 29 ENVIRONMENT:  CLIMATE  CHANGE When  it  comes  to  your  views  about  global   climate  change,  do  you  believe  it  is  happening,   or  do   you  not  believe  it  is  happening? It  is  happening 80% It  is  not  happening 68.6% 60% 40% 27.5% 20% 0% It  i s  happening It  i s  not  happening Net Difference Over All 68.6 27.5 +41.1 It  i s  happening It  i s  not  happening Net Difference Over All 68.6 27.5 +41.1 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 18-­29 71.6 25.0 +46.6 Boise MM 72.0 24.1 +47.8 30-­44 71.0 24.7 +46.3 Ada 76.9 18.9 +58.0 Canyon 64.4 30.5 +33.9 Age 45-­54 68.0 30.3 +37.7 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 63.5 31.8 +31.8 Gender 55-­64 63.4 29.8 +33.5 Spokane  MM 65.9 31.3 +34.6 65+ 66.3 30.2 +36.1 Twin   Falls  MM 72.6 21.9 +50.7 M 65.6 30.4 +35.2 F 71.6 24.7 +46.9 Dem Party Indy GOP 92.0 5.7 +86.2 73.7 23.0 +50.7 52.3 42.9 +9.4 30 ENVIRONMENT:  CLIMATE  CHANGE Regardless  of  whether  or  not  you  believe  global  climate  change  is  happening,  is  it  more  likely  to  be  caused  by  mostly  natural   changes  in  the  atmosphere,  mostly  because  of  human  activity,  or  equally  because  of  human  activity  and  natural  changes? Human   Activity  and  Natural  Changes Natural  Changes Human   Activity 80% 60% 44.9% 40% 26.6% 26.1% 20% 0% Human   Activity  and  Natural  Changes 44.9 18-­29 47.9 30-­44 44.8 Age 45-­54 46.9 Natural  Changes 26.6 21.6 25.1 28.6 29.2 31.4 32.6 20.7 Human   Activity 26.1 29.7 27.8 21.7 26.1 23.1 24.1 28.0 Over All Human   Activity  and  Natural  Changes Natural  Changes Human   Activity ©  2015  Boise   State  University Gender 55-­64 41.6 65+ 42.0 M 40.6 F 49.1 Area Party Over All Boise MM Ada Canyon ID  Falls  Mkt 44.9 26.6 26.1 47.2 21.3 29.5 45.1 18.9 34.1 50.8 26.3 21.2 44.2 28.3 24.5 Spokane   MM 39.2 35.5 23.5 Twin   Falls   MM 49.3 26.0 20.5 Dem Indy GOP 38.5 2.3 57.5 44.9 24.9 27.7 49.0 39.3 9.4 31 ENVIRONMENT:  CONCERN  OVER  CLIMATE  CHANGE When  it  comes  to  global   climate  change,  would   you  say  that  you  are  very  concerned,   somewhat  concerned,  or  not  at  all  concerned? Very  Concerned Somewhat  Concerned Not  at  all  Concerned 80% 60% 40.3% 40% 29.8% 29.5% 20% 0% Age Gender Over All 18-­29 30-­44 45-­54 55-­64 65+ M F Very  Concerned 29.8 33.5 27.8 25.7 29.2 32.5 25.2 34.4 Somewhat  Concerned 40.3 37.3 41.7 46.9 38.5 37.3 39.0 41.6 Not at  all  Concerned 29.5 29.2 29.7 27.4 32.3 29.0 35.6 23.5 Area Party Over All Boise MM Ada Canyon ID  Falls  Mkt Spokane  MM Twin   Falls  MM Dem Indy GOP Very  Concerned 29.8 34.3 36.7 28.0 22.7 27.2 37.0 62.6 31.5 13.0 Somewhat  Concerned 40.3 40.9 40.5 46.6 41.6 35.9 41.1 30.5 40.0 44.6 Not at  all  Concerned 29.5 24.4 22.3 25.4 34.8 36.9 21.9 6.9 28.2 41.8 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 32 ENVIRONMENT:  FEDERAL  LAND  MANAGEMENT Currently,  the  federal  government  owns  or  manages  over   60%  of  land  in  Idaho.    Would  you  favor  or  oppose   transferring  land  owned  by  the  federal  government  to  the   state  government  for  management?   Favor Currently,  the  federal  government  owns  or  manages  over   60%  of  land  in  Idaho.  Transferring  management  of  those   lands  to  the  state  government  in  Idaho  could   potentially   cost  the  state  millions   per  year  in  taxpayer  dollars.     Knowing  this,  would  you  favor  or  oppose  transferring  land   owned  by  the  federal  government  to  the  state  government  for   management?   Oppose Favor 100% 100% 80% 80% 56.3% 60% 60% 35.3% 40% 50.5% 39.3% 40% 20% 20% 0% 0% Over All Dem Party Indy GOP Favor Oppose 56.3 35.3 30.1 59.1 59.5 34.5 67.3 23.4 Gender M F 61.7 50.6 32.4 38.3 Net Difference +21.0 -­29.0 +25.0 +43.9 +29.3 ©  2015  Boise   State  University Oppose +12.3 Favor Oppose Net Difference Over All Dem Party Indy GOP M Gender F 39.3 50.5 -­11.2 23.5 74.1 -­50.6 36.0 50.8 -­14.7 50.8 39.6 +11.2 41.1 51.5 -­10.4 37.7 49.6 -­11.9 33 ENVIRONMENT:  HUNTING  WOLVES Do  you  favor  or  oppose  allowing   Idaho  hunters  to  hunt  wolves?   Favor Oppose 100% 80% 71.8% 60% S’what  20.9 40% 21.9% Strongly  50.9 20% Strongly  13.3 0% Favor Oppose Net Difference Over All 71.8 21.9 +49.9 Favor Oppose Net Difference Over All 71.8 21.9 +49.9 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 18-­29 67.4 25.8 +41.5 Boise MM 63.6 28.0 +35.6 30-­44 74.5 18.5 +56.0 Ada 62.1 28.4 +33.7 Canyon 68.6 24.6 +44.1 Age 45-­54 76.0 18.9 +57.1 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 81.1 12.9 +68.2 Gender 55-­64 70.8 24.2 +46.6 65+ 70.4 22.5 +47.9 Spokane  MM Twin   Falls  MM 78.8 72.6 17.5 26.0 +61.3 +46.6 M 79.9 16.5 +63.4 F 63.8 27.2 +36.6 Dem Party Indy GOP 48.9 43.7 +5.2 72.6 20.8 +51.8 81.6 13.3 +68.4 34 ENVIRONMENT:  WOLF  REDUCTION  SPENDING Idaho   lawmakers  have  approved  spending   $400,000  to  help  reduce  the  number  of  wolves  in   Idaho.   Do  you  support  or  oppose  state  efforts  to  reduce  the  wolf   population?   Support Oppose 80% 55.8% 60% 37.9% 40% 20% 0% Support Oppose Net Difference Support Oppose Net Difference Over All 55.8 37.9 +17.9 18-­29 55.5 38.1 +17.4 30-­44 55.6 37.5 +18.1 Over All Boise MM Ada Canyon 55.8 37.9 +17.9 48.7 43.3 +5.4 47.0 45.8 +1.1 55.9 36.4 +19.5 ©  2015  Boise   State  University Age 45-­54 56.6 41.1 +15.4 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 62.7 32.2 +30.5 Gender 55-­64 52.8 40.4 +12.4 65+ 58.6 32.5 +26.0 Spokane  MM Twin   Falls  MM 65.0 30.4 +34.6 53.4 42.5 +11.0 M 60.4 34.8 +25.6 F 51.3 41.0 +10.3 Dem Party Indy GOP 37.4 54.6 -­17.2 54.5 38.6 +15.9 65.8 29.3 +36.5 35 TRANSPORTATION:  OVERVIEW On  a  s cale  of  1 -­10,  with  1  being  not   at  a ll  important  and  10  being  e xtremely  important,  how  important  would  you  s ay  it   is  for  the  Idaho  S tate  Legislature  to  address  e ach  of  the  following  issues? 8  to  10 1  to  7 80% 69.7% 60% 40% 27.9% 20% 8 15.5 0% 4  -­7 50.9 1-­3 18.8 Transportation 8-­10 4-­7 1-­3 Over All 27.9 50.9 18.8 Over All 8-­10 4-­7 1-­3 27.9 50.9 18.8 18-­29 23.7 54.7 18.2 Boise MM 31.0 52.4 14.0 Issue Education Jobs   and  Unemployment   The  Economy Healthcare Natural Resources(farming,   mining  and  energy) Immigration Social  issues (abortion,   gay  marriage) The  environment Transportation DK/Refused ©  2015  Boise   State  University 30-­44 28.6 50.2 18.9 Ada 30.7 52.3 14.8 Canyon 32.2 55.9 10.2 Age 45-­54 20.0 58.3 20.0 Area ID  Falls  Mkt 23.2 48.1 26.6 1st Priority 39.5 13.0 12.8 10.3 6.4 6.3 5.2 2.9 2.1 1.5 Gender 55-­64 37.3 40.4 20.5 Spokane   MM 24.9 51.6 21.2 65+ 32.0 49.1 16.6 Twin  Falls  MM 30.1 50.7 16.4 2nd Priority 18.0 14.5 15.1 14.4 10.6 7.5 6.9 7.1 3.2 2.7 M 25.2 51.9 20.9 F 30.6 49.9 16.7 Dem Party Indy GOP 30.5 55.2 12.1 27.7 49.3 20.8 26.8 50.8 19.9 Total 57.5 27.5 27.9 24.7 17.0 13.8 12.1 10.0 5.3 4.2 37 TRANSPORTATION:  INCREASING  THE  GAS  TAX Currently,  all  transportation  projects  like  fixing  potholes,   roadway  improvements  and  new  highway   construction  in  Idaho   are  paid  for  with  money  raised  by  the  gas  tax.    Would   you  favor  or  oppose   increasing  the  gas  tax  in   Idaho  by  6  cents  per  gallon   in  order  to  pay  for  these  transportation  projects?   Favor Oppose 80% 58.5% 60% 39.5% 40% S’what  20.1 S’what  19.1 20% Strongly  38.4 Strongly  20.4 0% Favor Oppose Net  Difference Favor Oppose Net  Difference Over All 39.5 58.5 -­19.0 18-­29 40.3 56.8 -­16.5 30-­44 40.2 58.7 -­18.5 Gender 55-­64 37.9 60.9 -­23.0 65+ 45.0 52.7 -­7.7 M 40.8 57.7 -­16.9 Area Over All Boise MM Ada Canyon 39.5 58.5 -­19.0 40.5 58.0 -­17.5 44.7 54.5 -­9.8 33.9 62.7 -­28.8 ©  2015  Boise   State  University Age 45-­54 33.7 64.0 -­30.3 F 38.2 59.2 -­21.1 Party ID  Falls  Mkt Spokane  MM 36.5 62.2 -­25.8 39.2 57.1 -­18.0 Twin   Falls   MM 42.5 56.2 -­13.7 Dem Indy GOP 58.0 39.7 +18.4 39.5 58.6 -­19.2 32.4 65.6 -­33.2 38 TRANSPORTATION:  GENERAL  FUNDS  FOR   TRANSPORTATION If  the  Idaho   State  Legislature  does  not  raise  the  gas  tax,  would   you  favor  or  oppose   using   general  budget  funds  to  pay  for  these  transportation  projects?   Favor Oppose 80% 55.8% 60% 36.7% S’what  32.0 40% S’what  16.7 20% Strongly  23.8 Strongly  20.0 0% Favor Oppose Net  Difference Favor Oppose Net  Difference Over All 55.8 36.7 +19.1 18-­29 60.6 33.9 +26.7 30-­44 59.1 34.7 +24.3 Age 45-­54 46.3 47.4 -­1.1 65+ 53.8 34.3 +19.5 M 56.5 38.0 +18.5 Area F 55.1 35.4 +19.7 Party Over All Boise MM Ada Canyon ID  Falls  Mkt 55.8 36.7 +19.1 54.7 37.9 +16.8 56.4 37.5 +18.9 48.3 44.1 +4.2 60.1 34.3 +25.8 ©  2015  Boise   State  University Gender 55-­64 55.9 34.8 +21.1 Spokane   MM 53.5 36.9 +16.6 Twin  Falls   MM 54.8 39.7 +15.1 Dem Indy GOP 56.9 37.4 +19.5 54.8 37.5 +17.3 57.9 34.2 +23.7 39 THANK  YOU • For  more  information,  please  contact:   – Corey  Cook  – coreydcook@boisestate.edu – Gregory  C.  Hill  – greghill@boisestate.edu – Justin  S.  Vaughn  – justinvaughn@boisestate.edu ©  2015  Boise   State  University 40 BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY APPENDIX 2015 Boise State University WHY  DO  YOU  LIVE  IN  IDAHO? Why  do  you  live  in  Idaho? Overall Born  and  raised  here/grew  up  here 30.6 I/husband/wife/children/parents/family  lives  there 18.5 Beautiful  s tate/outdoors/scenery/the  best  s tate  to  live 13.0 I  like/love  it  here/like  the  a rea 11.8 Job/business/work  related/husband  work  there 10.1 Attending  school/college 2.7 Lifestyle/quality  of  life 1.7 Not  over  c rowded/less  population 1.6 Affordability/low  c ost  of  living 1.6 I  like  the  weather/climate/seasons  c hange 1.6 ©  2015  Boise   State  University 42 AGE  AND  GENDER First,  to  make  sure  we  get  a   representative  sample,  can  you  p lease   tell  me  your  current  age?   18-­29 80% 30-­44 45-­54 55-­64 65+ 60% 40% 23.6% 25.9% 20% 17.5% 16.1% 16.9% 0% Age Gender   Male Female 80% 60% 50.3% 49.7% 40% 20% 0% Gender ©  2015  Boise   State  University 43 RACE  AND  RELIGION What  racial  or  ethnic  group  best  describes  you?   White 90.5% 100% Non-­White 80% 60% 40% 20% 7.7% 0% What  is  your  religion? Catholic Mainstream  Protestant Mormon Non-­denominational  Christian Jewish Atheist/Agnostic Other No  Religion 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 10.4% 18.9% 16.6% 21.5% 0.4% 7.1% 5.3% 13.4% 0% ©  2015  Boise   State  University 44 AREA  AND  POLITICAL  PARTY Geography 80% 60% 40% Boise  MM Idaho  Falls  Mkt Ada  County Spokane  MM Canyon  County Twin   Falls  MM 46.4% 26.4% 23.3% 21.7% 11.8% 20% 7.3% 0% Geography Generally  speaking,  d o  you  u sually   think  o f  yourself  as  a  Republican,  a   Democrat,  an  Independent,  o r  what?   Democrat Independent Republican 80% 60% 36.5% 40% 20% 39.2% 17.4% 0% Party ©  2015  Boise   State  University 45 IDEOLOGY  AND  INCOME We  hear  a  lot  of  talk  these  days  about  liberals  and  conservatives.    Here  is  a  seven-­point  scale  on   which   the  political   views  that  people  might  hold   are  arranged  from  very  liberal  to  very  conservative.     Where  would   you  place  yourself  on  this  scale,  or  haven't  you  thought   much  about  this?   Liberal Moderate   Conservative 80% 60% 40% 48.4% S’what 15.4 24.2% 20.7% Cons  15.9 20% Very  17.1 0% Which   of  the  following   best  describes  your  annual  household   income  before  taxes?   <$50,000 $50,000  t o  $100,000 >$100,000 DK/Refused 80% 60% 40% 35.2% 31.2% 22.3% 20% 11.3% 0% ©  2015  Boise   State  University 46 RELATIONSHIP  STATUS  AND  CHILDREN What  is  your  relationship  status?   Single In  a  relationship 80% Married Divorced Widowed 64.4% 60% 40% 20% 34.7% 8.3% 5.5% 5.8% 0% Do  you  currently  have  any  children   under  the  age  of  18? Yes 80% No 63.9% 60% 40% 34.7% 20% 0% ©  2015  Boise   State  University 47