28 January 2016 COMMUNIQUE PR/CP(2016)011 Defence Expenditures of NATO Countries (2008-2015) NATO collects defence expenditures from Allies on a regular basis and presents aggregates and subsets of this information. Each Allied countries’ Ministry of Defence reports current and estimated future defence expenditure according to an agreed definition of defence expenditure, and represent payments actually made, or to be made, during the course of the fiscal year. NATO also makes use of up-to-date economic and demographic information available from the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs of the European Commission, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. In view of the differences between this definition and national definitions, the figures shown may diverge considerably from those which are quoted by national authorities or given in national budgets. Research and development expenditures related to major equipment are included in equipment expenditures and pensions paid to retirees in personnel expenditures. The cut-off date for information used in this report is 7 January 2016. Graphs: - Alliance defence expenditures in US dollars - Alliance defence expenditures as a percentage of GDP - Volume indices of GDP and defence expenditures - Equipment expenditures as a percentage of defence expenditures - Percentage of GDP on defence and percentage of defence expenditures on equipment Tables: - Defence expenditures (million national currency) - Defence expenditures (million US dollars) - Defence expenditures as a percentage of GDP and annual real change - Real GDP and per capita - Defence expenditures per capita and military personnel - Distribution of defence expenditures by category News and information is routinely placed on the NATO website. 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North Atlantic Treaty Organisation – Organisation du Traité de l’Atlantique Nord Press & Media – Presse & Médias B-1110 Bruxelles Belgique E-mail: press@hq.nato.int – Tel.: 32 2 707 50 41 – Fax: 32 2 707 13 99 – Internet: www.nato.int Graph 1 : Defence expenditures (Billion 2010 US dollars) 1,200 1,077 1,065 1,014 1,012 966 1,000 919 279 288 266 275 261 800 257 884 871 254 253 600 400 798 777 746 739 705 662 630 618 2012 2013 2014 2015 e 200 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 North America NATO Europe* Graph 2 : Defence expenditures as a percentage of gross domestic product (based on 2010 prices and exchange rates) % 5.5 5.0 4.94 4.67 4.46 4.5 4.42 4.09 3.78 4.0 3.51 3.5 3.37 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.69 1.70 1.64 1.56 1.53 1.51 1.47 1.43 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 e 2014 2015 e 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2008 2009 North America NATO Europe* Graph 3 : Volume indices of GDP and defence expenditures (2008=100 - based on 2010 prices and exchange rates) 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 2008 2009 2010 North America - GDP 2011 2012 North America - Def. exp. * Albania and Croatia joined the Alliance in 2009. -2- 2013 NATO Europe* - GDP NATO Europe* - Def. exp. Graph 4 : Equipment expenditures as a percentage of defence expenditures % (Based on 2010 prices and exchange rates) 30 26.5 25.8 23.8 23.7 20.5 19.8 19.2 25.8 25.6 25.4 25 20 26.4 19.7 18.6 18.4 18.5 17.4 15 10 5 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 North America 2013 2014 2015 e NATO Europe* * Albania and Croatia joined the Alliance in 2009. Graph 5 : Defence expenditures as % of GDP versus equipment expenditures as % of defence expenditures (based on 2010 prices - Estimates for 2015) % 40 Median 1.18 LUX 35 Equipment expenditures % of defence expenditures 2% NATO guideline POL 30 TUR 25 USA FRA NOR GBR 20% NATO guideline LTU 20 SVK GRC ESP CAN NLD 15 DEU ITA HUN 10 LVA BEL EST DNK HRV ALB CZE 5 Median 14.60 ROU PRT BGR* SVN 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 % 1.5 2.0 2.5 Defence expenditures % of GDP * Defence expenditures do not include pensions. -3- 3.0 3.5 4.0 Table 1 : Defence expenditures (million national currency) Country Currency unit (million) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 e (0) (-) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Current prices Albania Belgium Bulgaria (a) Canada Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia (b) France (c) Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia (b) Lithuania (b) Luxembourg Netherlands Norway (d) Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic (b) Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States Leks Euros Leva Canadian dollars Kunas Koruny Kroner Krooni-Euros Euros Euros Euros Forint Euros Lats-Euros Litai-Euros Euros Euros Kroner Zlotys Euros New Lei Koruny-Euros Euros Euros Liras Pounds US dollars // 4,298 1,553 21,100 // 52,755 24,410 4,595 45,366 32,824 6,896 326,792 22,631 259 1,251 146 8,488 35,932 20,528 2,536 7,558 30,146 566 12,756 18,755 37,127 729,544 Albania Belgium Bulgaria (a) Canada Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia (b) France (c) Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia (b) Lithuania (b) Luxembourg Netherlands Norway (d) Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic (b) Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States Leks Euros Leva Canadian dollars Kunas Koruny Kroner Krooni-Euros Euros Euros Euros Forint Euros Lats-Euros Litai-Euros Euros Euros Kroner Zlotys Euros New Lei Koruny-Euros Euros Euros Liras Pounds US dollars // 4,367 1,636 21,194 // 53,365 25,295 4,684 45,901 33,654 7,141 347,325 23,830 232 1,238 154 8,727 38,310 21,820 2,580 8,346 29,940 579 12,809 20,869 39,067 756,205 17,356 4,048 1,273 21,828 5,356 59,656 23,252 3,978 39,190 34,171 7,311 298,620 21,946 160 998 145 8,733 38,960 23,323 2,692 6,785 972 575 12,196 19,603 37,357 757,466 19,321 3,960 1,230 19,255 5,057 50,808 25,328 3,922 39,241 34,925 5,966 280,895 21,637 133 849 187 8,472 39,279 25,608 2,673 6,630 859 583 11,132 21,241 39,053 720,423 19,877 3,956 1,066 21,808 5,323 43,131 24,259 280 38,443 34,630 4,934 295,967 21,741 145 855 167 8,156 40,534 26,979 2,627 7,255 766 479 10,059 22,807 39,204 740,744 19,820 4,023 1,099 19,978 5,059 42,780 25,618 340 39,105 36,168 4,384 297,650 20,600 136 870 167 8,067 41,560 28,365 2,366 7,282 794 423 10,828 24,956 36,563 712,947 19,022 3,964 1,196 18,764 4,848 42,035 23,682 361 39,402 34,593 3,999 286,341 20,078 149 923 176 7,702 43,518 28,467 2,457 8,160 729 382 9,495 27,466 39,824 680,825 18,788 3,913 1,102 20,076 4,625 41,002 22,769 386 39,199 34,749 3,939 281,402 18,427 221 1,111 190 7,788 46,234 31,874 2,263 9,014 752 366 9,508 29,727 39,985 654,264 16,671 3,758 1,036 20,011 4,596 43,761 23,296 418 39,199 35,517 4,265 285,765 16,328 257 425 247 8,000 47,550 38,836 2,491 10,052 877 367 9,666 32,690 39,019 649,931 19,427 3,894 997 21,093 5,235 43,225 23,604 266 38,084 34,263 4,902 289,584 20,949 136 813 160 8,057 39,465 26,133 2,634 6,927 754 474 10,056 21,005 38,399 725,398 19,172 3,898 1,013 19,036 4,898 42,288 24,340 314 38,297 35,255 4,354 281,372 19,521 123 806 154 7,827 39,622 26,835 2,382 6,641 771 417 10,819 21,501 35,240 686,340 18,360 3,776 1,110 17,636 4,654 40,972 22,314 322 38,297 33,030 4,066 262,613 18,525 133 844 158 7,359 40,244 26,822 2,418 7,196 705 373 9,434 22,288 37,635 644,935 17,957 3,665 1,018 18,535 4,439 38,998 21,339 337 37,883 32,613 4,113 249,978 16,709 196 1,004 170 7,374 41,985 29,901 2,207 7,813 728 356 9,484 22,267 37,153 611,745 15,830 3,451 950 18,497 4,396 41,201 21,822 361 37,552 32,707 4,530 250,713 14,641 226 383 213 7,565 41,872 36,376 2,397 8,593 848 354 9,575 22,813 35,854 599,554 2010 prices (a) (b) (c) (d) 18,136 4,113 1,289 22,405 5,401 58,792 23,776 4,054 39,614 34,430 7,376 305,369 22,476 158 1,021 150 8,845 39,707 23,865 2,710 7,153 977 569 12,216 20,716 38,520 776,298 19,321 3,960 1,230 19,255 5,057 50,808 25,328 3,922 39,241 34,925 5,966 280,895 21,637 133 849 187 8,472 39,279 25,608 2,673 6,630 859 583 11,132 21,241 39,053 720,423 Data do not include pensions. Data are expressed in Euros (for Slovak Republic from 2009, for Estonia from 2011, for Latvia from 2014 and for Lithuania from 2015). From 2009, data include only the deployable part of the Gendarmerie. From 2009, new methodology is used to calculate pensions. -4- Table 2 : Defence expenditures (million US dollars) Country 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 e (0) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Current prices and exchange rates Albania Belgium Bulgaria (a) Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France (b) Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway (c) Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom // 6,296 1,162 // 3,090 4,788 430 66,454 48,082 10,102 1,899 33,150 539 531 214 12,434 6,371 8,521 3,714 3,000 1,411 829 18,685 14,410 68,108 NATO - Europe * 314,221 Canada United States 19,775 729,544 North America 749,319 NATO - Total * 1,063,540 183 5,623 905 1,014 3,129 4,337 353 54,442 47,469 10,156 1,476 30,486 316 402 202 12,131 6,196 7,475 3,740 2,225 1,350 799 16,943 12,647 58,240 186 5,245 832 920 2,660 4,504 332 51,971 46,255 7,902 1,351 28,656 251 326 248 11,220 6,499 8,493 3,540 2,086 1,138 772 14,743 14,134 60,329 197 5,500 758 996 2,437 4,518 389 53,441 48,140 6,858 1,472 30,223 289 345 232 11,339 7,232 9,106 3,652 2,380 1,065 666 13,984 13,616 62,852 183 5,169 722 865 2,185 4,423 437 50,245 46,470 5,633 1,322 26,468 248 324 214 10,365 7,143 8,710 3,040 2,100 1,020 543 13,912 13,895 58,016 180 5,264 811 850 2,148 4,216 480 52,317 45,932 5,310 1,280 26,658 281 355 234 10,226 7,407 9,007 3,262 2,452 968 507 12,607 14,427 62,263 178 5,192 747 805 1,975 4,056 513 52,006 46,102 5,226 1,210 24,448 293 427 253 10,332 7,336 10,104 3,003 2,692 997 486 12,614 13,583 65,827 132 4,206 599 682 1,809 3,535 467 43,864 39,743 4,773 1,021 18,271 288 476 276 8,952 6,034 10,496 2,788 2,532 981 411 10,816 11,935 59,699 282,240 274,592 281,686 263,654 269,441 270,405 234,785 19,095 757,466 18,690 720,423 22,040 740,744 19,994 712,947 18,221 680,825 18,150 654,264 15,757 649,931 776,561 739,113 762,784 732,941 699,046 672,414 665,688 1,058,802 1,013,705 1,044,470 996,595 968,487 942,820 900,473 2010 prices and exchange rates Albania Belgium Bulgaria (a) Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France (b) Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway (c) Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom // 5,783 1,107 // 2,794 4,498 397 60,791 44,572 9,458 1,670 31,561 437 475 203 11,558 6,339 7,237 3,417 2,626 1,316 767 16,964 13,887 60,350 NATO - Europe * 288,208 Canada United States 20,573 756,205 North America 776,779 NATO - Total * 1,064,986 174 5,447 872 982 3,078 4,228 343 52,465 45,599 9,769 1,469 29,768 298 392 198 11,715 6,570 7,915 3,589 2,251 1,293 754 16,179 13,785 59,505 186 5,245 832 920 2,660 4,504 332 51,971 46,255 7,902 1,351 28,656 251 326 248 11,220 6,499 8,493 3,540 2,086 1,138 772 14,743 14,134 60,329 187 5,157 675 952 2,263 4,197 353 50,439 45,378 6,493 1,393 27,746 257 312 212 10,670 6,530 8,667 3,489 2,180 999 627 13,319 13,977 59,319 184 5,162 685 891 2,214 4,328 416 50,721 46,692 5,767 1,353 25,853 232 309 204 10,367 6,556 8,900 3,155 2,090 1,022 553 14,329 14,307 54,438 177 5,001 751 847 2,145 3,968 426 50,721 43,745 5,385 1,263 24,535 251 324 210 9,747 6,659 8,895 3,203 2,264 934 494 12,494 14,831 58,139 173 4,854 689 807 2,042 3,794 446 50,173 43,193 5,448 1,202 22,129 259 385 225 9,766 6,947 9,916 2,923 2,458 964 471 12,561 14,817 57,394 152 4,571 643 800 2,157 3,880 479 49,735 43,318 6,000 1,206 19,391 300 508 282 10,019 6,928 12,064 3,174 2,704 1,124 469 12,681 15,180 55,387 278,637 274,592 265,788 260,727 257,408 254,036 253,151 21,749 776,298 18,690 720,423 20,475 725,398 18,478 686,340 17,119 644,935 17,992 611,745 17,955 599,554 798,047 739,113 745,872 704,818 662,053 629,737 617,508 1,076,684 1,013,705 1,011,660 965,546 919,461 883,773 870,659 * Albania and Croatia joined the Alliance in 2009. (a) Data do not include pensions. (b) From 2009, data include only the deployable part of the Gendarmerie. (c) From 2009, new methodology is used to calculate pensions. -5- Table 3 : Defence expenditures as a percentage of gross domestic product and annual real change (based on 2010 prices) Country (0) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 e (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) As a percentage of gross domestic product Albania Belgium Bulgaria (a) Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France (b) Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway (c) Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom // 1.20 2.13 // 1.31 1.36 1.78 2.27 1.28 2.85 1.21 1.43 1.52 1.11 0.39 1.35 1.46 1.61 1.42 1.44 1.46 1.49 1.14 1.97 2.44 1.52 1.16 1.75 1.62 1.52 1.34 1.79 2.02 1.39 3.08 1.14 1.42 1.21 1.07 0.40 1.42 1.54 1.71 1.53 1.33 1.52 1.59 1.13 2.06 2.51 1.56 1.08 1.67 1.54 1.29 1.41 1.70 1.96 1.35 2.63 1.04 1.35 1.06 0.88 0.47 1.34 1.52 1.77 1.49 1.24 1.27 1.61 1.03 1.93 2.51 1.53 1.05 1.33 1.60 1.07 1.30 1.68 1.87 1.28 2.37 1.05 1.30 1.02 0.79 0.39 1.26 1.51 1.72 1.49 1.28 1.09 1.30 0.94 1.76 2.42 1.49 1.05 1.35 1.53 1.06 1.35 1.89 1.87 1.31 2.26 1.04 1.24 0.89 0.76 0.38 1.23 1.47 1.74 1.41 1.22 1.10 1.18 1.04 1.76 2.20 1.41 1.01 1.46 1.47 1.03 1.24 1.90 1.86 1.23 2.19 0.95 1.20 0.93 0.76 0.38 1.16 1.49 1.72 1.44 1.28 0.99 1.06 0.92 1.75 2.30 1.35 0.97 1.32 1.41 0.96 1.17 1.93 1.84 1.19 2.20 0.87 1.09 0.94 0.88 0.39 1.15 1.52 1.85 1.30 1.35 0.99 0.98 0.91 1.70 2.20 1.16 0.90 1.20 1.38 0.97 1.18 2.04 1.80 1.18 2.46 0.85 0.95 1.06 1.14 0.47 1.16 1.49 2.18 1.39 1.44 1.12 0.95 0.89 1.69 2.07 NATO - Europe * 1.69 1.70 1.64 1.56 1.53 1.51 1.47 1.43 Canada United States 1.28 5.04 1.39 5.32 1.16 4.81 1.23 4.77 1.09 4.42 0.99 4.09 1.02 3.79 1.00 3.62 North America 4.67 4.94 4.46 4.42 4.09 3.78 3.51 3.37 NATO - Total * 3.16 3.31 3.04 2.98 2.82 2.66 2.51 2.42 Annual real change Albania Belgium Bulgaria (a) Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France (b) Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway (c) Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom NATO - Europe * // 9.0 1.5 // 0.8 3.8 0.6 -1.9 4.7 10.2 -4.6 4.3 1.7 -0.2 -32.2 -1.3 0.1 -8.6 3.1 2.8 4.2 7.0 2.2 8.8 4.8 2.6 -4.6 -5.8 -21.2 -11.1 10.2 -6.0 -13.4 -13.7 2.3 3.3 -12.1 -5.7 -31.8 -17.5 -2.5 1.4 3.6 9.4 5.0 -14.3 -1.7 -1.7 -4.6 -0.7 -1.4 6.5 -3.7 -4.6 -6.4 -13.6 6.5 -3.3 -0.9 1.4 -19.1 -8.0 -3.7 -15.8 -16.8 25.0 -4.2 -1.1 7.3 -1.4 -7.3 -12.0 2.4 -8.9 2.5 1.4 0.5 -1.7 -18.9 3.5 -14.9 -6.8 6.2 -2.9 -1.9 -17.8 3.1 -3.2 2.3 -4.3 -14.7 -4.9 0.5 2.0 -1.5 4.5 -12.2 -18.8 -9.7 -1.1 -1.7 -1.3 0.1 1.5 -6.4 -2.2 3.1 17.9 0.6 2.9 -11.2 -2.8 -6.8 -9.5 -0.9 -3.7 -2.8 0.4 2.7 -9.6 -4.1 2.3 -11.9 7.6 2.4 -8.2 -4.2 -3.1 9.6 -5.0 -3.1 -8.3 2.4 0.0 -6.3 -6.6 -6.7 -5.1 8.3 4.7 3.0 -6.0 1.6 -0.1 1.5 8.4 -8.6 -10.5 -12.8 3.7 6.8 -2.2 -2.9 -8.3 -4.6 -4.8 -4.4 4.7 -1.1 -1.3 1.2 -4.8 -9.8 3.1 19.0 7.2 0.2 4.3 11.5 -8.7 8.6 3.2 -4.8 0.5 -0.1 -1.3 -11.8 -5.8 -6.7 -1.0 5.6 2.3 7.3 -0.9 0.3 10.1 0.3 -12.4 15.6 31.9 25.3 2.6 -0.3 21.7 8.6 10.0 16.6 -0.4 1.0 2.5 -3.5 - 3.3 -1.5 -3.2 -1.9 -1.3 -1.3 -0.3 Canada United States 5.5 21.4 5.7 2.7 -14.1 -7.2 9.5 0.7 -9.8 -5.4 -7.4 -6.0 5.1 -5.1 -0.2 -2.0 North America 20.9 2.7 -7.4 0.9 -5.5 -6.1 -4.9 -1.9 NATO - Total * 15.3 1.1 -5.8 -0.2 -4.6 -4.8 -3.9 -1.5 * Albania and Croatia joined the Alliance in 2009. (a) Data do not include pensions. (b) From 2009, data include only the deployable part of the Gendarmerie. (c) From 2009, new methodology is used to calculate pensions. -6- Table 4 : Gross domestic product (2010 prices and exchange rates) Country 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 e (0) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Real GDP (billion US dollars) Albania Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom // 482 52 // 213 332 22 2,674 3,479 332 138 14 2,211 29 43 52 858 433 450 241 182 90 51 1,484 704 2,470 NATO - Europe * 17,037 Canada United States 1,605 15,012 North America 16,616 NATO - Total * 33,653 Albania Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom // 12 471 50 61 203 315 19 2,596 3,283 317 129 14 2,090 25 37 49 825 426 462 234 169 85 47 1,431 670 2,367 12 484 50 60 207 320 20 2,647 3,417 300 130 13 2,125 24 37 52 836 429 479 238 168 89 48 1,432 731 2,403 12 492 51 59 211 324 21 2,702 3,542 274 132 14 2,140 25 39 54 850 433 503 234 170 92 48 1,417 795 2,450 12 493 51 58 209 321 22 2,707 3,556 256 130 14 2,078 26 41 53 841 445 511 225 171 93 47 1,380 812 2,479 13 493 52 58 208 320 22 2,725 3,567 245 133 14 2,042 27 42 56 838 448 518 222 177 95 47 1,357 846 2,533 13 500 52 57 212 323 23 2,729 3,624 247 137 14 2,034 28 44 58 846 458 535 224 182 97 48 1,376 871 2,607 13 506 53 58 221 329 24 2,759 3,686 244 142 15 2,050 28 44 60 865 463 553 228 188 100 49 1,419 898 2,670 16,385 16,750 17,084 17,032 17,095 17,340 17,666 1,561 14,595 1,614 14,964 1,662 15,204 1,694 15,542 1,728 15,774 1,770 16,157 1,791 16,549 16,156 16,578 16,866 17,236 17,501 17,926 18,340 32,542 33,328 33,950 34,268 34,596 35,266 36,006 GDP per capita (thousand US dollars) 45.0 6.8 // 20.4 60.4 16.7 41.6 42.4 29.9 13.8 45.1 37.3 13.2 13.4 107.0 52.2 90.8 11.8 22.8 8.9 16.6 25.4 32.3 9.9 40.0 NATO - Europe * 31.2 Canada United States 48.2 49.3 North America 49.2 NATO - Total * 38.1 3.9 43.6 6.6 14.1 19.3 57.0 14.3 40.1 40.1 28.6 12.9 43.0 35.1 11.5 11.5 99.3 49.9 88.2 12.1 22.1 8.3 15.7 23.2 30.9 9.3 38.0 4.1 44.4 6.6 13.9 19.7 57.7 14.6 40.7 41.8 27.0 13.0 41.6 35.5 11.3 12.0 103.1 50.3 87.7 12.4 22.5 8.3 16.4 23.4 30.7 10.0 38.3 4.2 44.8 6.9 13.9 20.1 58.1 15.8 41.4 43.3 24.6 13.3 42.3 35.6 12.2 13.0 103.3 50.9 87.4 13.1 22.2 8.4 17.0 23.5 30.3 10.7 38.7 4.3 44.6 7.0 13.6 19.9 57.5 16.6 41.3 43.4 23.1 13.1 42.6 34.4 12.9 13.7 100.1 50.2 88.6 13.3 21.4 8.5 17.2 22.9 29.5 10.8 38.9 4.3 44.4 7.1 13.5 19.8 57.0 17.0 41.4 43.4 22.4 13.4 43.8 33.7 13.4 14.3 101.8 49.9 88.2 13.4 21.2 8.9 17.5 22.6 29.1 11.1 39.5 4.4 44.8 7.2 13.6 20.2 57.3 17.5 41.2 44.0 22.6 13.9 44.1 33.5 13.9 14.9 103.5 50.2 89.1 13.9 21.5 9.1 17.9 23.2 29.6 11.3 40.4 4.5 45.1 7.4 13.7 21.0 58.0 17.9 41.5 44.4 22.3 14.4 45.6 33.7 14.3 15.3 104.4 51.1 89.8 14.4 22.0 9.4 18.4 23.8 30.6 11.5 41.0 29.5 30.0 30.5 30.3 30.3 30.7 31.1 46.3 47.5 47.3 48.3 48.2 48.7 48.6 49.4 49.1 49.8 50.0 50.6 50.2 51.5 47.4 48.2 48.7 49.3 49.7 50.6 51.3 36.3 37.0 37.5 37.6 37.8 38.3 38.9 * Albania and Croatia joined the Alliance in 2009. -7- Table 5 : Defence expenditures per capita and military personnel Country (0) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 e (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Defence expenditures per capita in 2010 US dollars Albania Belgium Bulgaria (a) Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France (b) Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway (c) Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom NATO - Europe * // 540 145 // 268 819 296 945 543 854 166 533 201 149 416 703 1,329 190 324 128 243 380 369 195 976 529 Canada United States 617 2,483 North America 2,299 NATO - Total * 1,206 60 505 115 228 293 765 257 811 557 880 147 500 139 124 398 709 1,361 207 340 111 239 369 349 191 956 64 482 110 214 253 812 249 800 566 711 135 479 120 105 489 675 1,329 220 335 103 210 377 317 193 961 64 470 92 222 216 753 265 772 555 585 140 462 125 103 408 639 1,318 225 330 108 185 306 285 188 937 64 467 94 209 211 774 314 773 570 522 136 428 114 103 384 619 1,306 231 300 104 189 269 306 190 855 61 450 103 199 204 707 323 770 533 491 128 405 125 109 385 580 1,311 231 306 113 172 240 268 195 907 60 435 95 191 194 672 339 758 524 499 122 364 130 131 403 579 1,352 258 281 123 178 228 270 192 889 53 407 89 189 205 684 365 748 521 549 122 318 151 175 495 592 1,343 313 307 136 207 227 273 194 851 502 493 475 464 457 449 446 645 2,527 548 2,325 594 2,324 530 2,182 487 2,036 508 1,917 503 1,865 2,341 2,149 2,152 2,017 1,881 1,776 1,729 1,202 1,125 1,116 1,060 1,004 961 941 Military personnel (thousands) Albania Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France (b) Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom // 37 29 // 24 18 5 347 249 134 19 195 5 9 0.8 47 19 130 38 68 15 7 127 493 193 NATO - Europe * 2,211 Canada United States 59 1,401 North America 1,460 NATO - Total * 3,671 11 36 32 16 24 19 5 239 247 135 19 197 5 8 0.9 48 18 99 40 67 15 7 132 495 195 11 34 30 16 24 19 5 234 235 128 20 193 5 8 0.9 48 19 100 43 67 14 7 131 495 198 10 32 29 16 22 19 6 227 205 117 19 192 5 8 0.9 45 21 97 35 66 13 7 127 495 191 8 31 26 16 22 19 6 219 192 110 19 189 5 8 0.8 44 21 98 34 66 13 7 125 495 184 7 31 26 16 20 18 6 213 184 110 18 189 5 8 0.9 42 20 100 33 66 12 7 122 427 179 7 31 25 15 20 17 6 207 179 107 17 183 5 9 0.8 41 21 99 31 65 12 7 122 439 169 6 31 27 15 21 16 6 207 180 106 17 182 5 12 0.9 41 21 103 31 70 13 7 121 463 162 2,112 2,084 2,004 1,956 1,860 1,835 1,863 60 1,418 61 1,427 68 1,425 68 1,400 76 1,382 75 1,338 75 1,311 1,478 1,488 1,493 1,467 1,458 1,413 1,386 3,589 3,572 3,497 3,423 3,318 3,248 3,249 * Albania and Croatia joined the Alliance in 2009. (a) Data do not include pensions. (b) From 2009, data include only the deployable part of the Gendarmerie. (c) From 2009, new methodology is used to calculate pensions. -8- Table 6a : Distribution of defence expenditures by category (%) Country (0) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 e (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Equipment (a) Albania Belgium Bulgaria Canada Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States // 8.1 21.4 13.0 // 12.9 18.8 10.1 21.0 17.1 16.4 14.8 12.7 14.9 16.3 25.1 17.2 22.6 13.9 13.5 16.7 14.6 7.4 21.4 29.3 22.5 26.1 11.3 8.2 14.2 12.8 10.2 22.4 9.9 17.9 27.0 17.6 27.8 12.7 11.3 5.4 16.2 17.4 17.6 19.2 15.9 8.7 8.7 13.2 8.5 17.4 25.6 21.9 24.1 15.7 6.8 15.4 13.8 8.1 12.4 14.1 11.9 30.2 17.6 18.0 12.1 10.9 15.6 10.0 34.4 15.7 18.1 18.1 13.2 8.8 9.8 18.0 12.1 28.0 24.5 24.0 13.4 6.3 6.3 9.7 15.8 13.3 9.7 10.1 28.2 16.4 5.9 12.3 11.7 10.8 9.4 21.9 14.4 17.0 16.1 12.1 7.6 7.1 5.7 6.7 24.6 22.0 27.0 14.4 3.6 3.7 8.3 14.7 14.8 9.0 13.7 30.6 16.5 7.5 5.8 8.9 10.5 11.2 17.1 13.4 17.8 15.2 9.34 4.1 9.6 1.2 22.9 21.2 19.5 27.0 16.3 2.8 4.5 11.2 10.7 9.5 11.3 14.5 28.6 12.7 12.1 11.1 12.5 12.1 9.2 14.6 12.6 18.9 13.9 8.6 10.7 7.4 1.3 12.4 26.9 21.9 25.8 16.6 3.5 1.0 13.0 7.3 6.5 11.0 22.1 24.7 12.9 8.2 7.8 11.2 7.5 14.1 22.6 10.7 21.2 18.8 8.4 15.8 11.1 0.7 13.5 25.1 20.2 26.0 8.9 4.0 3.2 15.9 10.5 8.3 13.1 12.8 25.0 13.3 17.6 10.9 12.5 10.3 20.1 35.3 15.7 22.7 31.1 8.8 14.6 18.0 0.8 15.6 26.0 23.4 26.1 77.1 75.9 67.4 47.1 67.2 56.3 52.2 32.3 49.4 52.3 76.0 50.6 74.8 51.3 66.9 52.3 54.7 43.4 57.8 78.3 79.1 69.5 74.6 64.8 53.0 37.5 33.0 70.0 78.5 64.7 49.1 68.1 61.7 49.0 29.7 49.1 50.6 73.2 47.7 77.1 56.2 66.8 54.2 57.5 42.4 57.3 78.4 84.0 66.5 78.9 57.2 56.0 38.9 32.1 75.2 77.1 65.4 52.4 68.1 62.0 51.7 39.8 49.2 49.9 74.6 49.0 75.0 53.0 66.5 51.1 58.5 41.0 57.7 79.8 79.0 70.1 80.5 68.2 54.6 37.8 34.4 68.1 77.8 72.8 50.9 69.3 61.4 51.3 38.6 48.5 50.7 77.2 49.8 76.4 53.0 57.5 49.3 56.5 39.4 51.4 81.3 71.2 69.1 82.3 67.3 56.9 42.3 35.5 78.1 78.8 71.8 47.1 64.2 61.4 48.4 39.6 47.8 47.8 73.3 54.4 80.3 51.8 49.3 40.0 53.7 38.4 43.4 76.8 66.4 61.0 80.7 64.9 55.9 38.1 36.4 Personnel (b) Albania Belgium Bulgaria * Canada Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States // 72.2 44.9 44.9 // 51.5 51.5 31.5 57.4 53.9 74.1 48.1 70.8 46.3 56.3 54.0 48.6 41.9 63.2 71.7 69.1 51.7 62.2 53.8 46.8 36.5 33.3 66.2 74.5 59.2 45.3 72.4 46.1 56.3 34.5 49.3 53.2 56.5 50.4 73.9 59.3 60.9 57.0 50.1 42.4 61.1 75.3 79.8 55.8 67.1 58.7 49.6 37.5 46.9 75.7 75.5 64.3 45.3 71.6 50.7 50.8 34.5 47.6 52.7 65.1 56.4 75.1 55.9 65.6 45.6 52.3 42.7 56.8 70.2 79.1 62.4 61.7 63.4 49.7 35.7 46.7 * Data do not include pensions. (a) Equipment expenditures include major equipment expenditures and R&D devoted to major equipment. (b) Personnel expenditures include military and civilian expenditures and pensions. -9- Table 6b : Distribution of defence expenditures by category (%) Country (0) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 e (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Infrastructure (a) Albania Belgium Bulgaria Canada Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States // 1.8 4.3 3.3 // 5.6 2.7 15.4 3.7 4.1 0.4 2.6 1.6 13.6 3.4 2.1 3.1 6.1 4.7 0.9 1.1 2.0 4.9 1.9 2.6 2.1 1.8 3.7 2.2 6.1 3.1 1.5 3.9 1.2 10.0 2.2 4.8 0.8 3.9 1.4 6.4 2.4 3.1 3.4 5.5 5.0 0.8 1.4 4.5 3.2 2.3 2.9 2.2 1.0 1.8 1.7 2.4 4.1 1.4 5.8 1.1 13.7 3.1 5.2 0.8 2.1 1.4 5.8 2.0 4.2 3.5 5.2 4.0 0.4 1.8 4.2 2.7 1.3 2.8 1.6 1.0 0.8 1.7 1.5 5.5 0.7 2.5 1.5 13.6 2.7 4.1 1.3 1.3 1.3 9.3 1.4 7.2 3.8 4.2 4.8 0.01 1.5 1.0 2.6 1.9 2.9 1.6 3.1 0.6 1.6 0.8 5.5 0.6 1.6 1.2 8.8 3.4 3.5 0.8 2.1 1.0 4.2 1.5 8.2 3.7 4.9 4.8 0.04 1.2 0.4 2.0 0.8 3.7 1.9 2.4 1.2 2.2 0.5 4.1 1.2 2.7 1.2 11.5 2.3 3.6 0.6 2.3 1.6 6.3 2.0 11.8 2.7 5.6 5.6 0.04 1.2 0.3 1.3 0.7 2.7 2.0 2.1 0.9 1.8 0.6 3.8 1.6 2.3 1.0 8.2 2.3 3.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 8.9 2.2 10.3 4.8 6.0 5.5 0.1 1.1 0.6 0.7 0.7 2.8 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.7 6.0 2.7 2.3 1.2 8.5 2.8 3.6 0.2 0.9 0.9 6.9 4.5 8.5 3.2 6.0 5.1 0.04 1.5 2.4 1.1 0.8 2.2 2.6 1.7 8.8 16.2 24.8 37.7 16.3 27.9 36.7 44.0 19.8 27.2 16.8 35.8 12.2 28.6 22.4 18.7 27.1 35.3 21.3 9.6 11.8 22.4 17.1 26.6 19.5 38.8 36.9 14.9 16.3 30.8 37.1 16.6 21.9 40.7 47.7 16.9 29.4 18.5 44.4 13.1 29.2 20.6 20.5 25.3 35.0 22.7 12.2 10.7 23.5 17.9 19.1 19.1 39.6 38.5 7.3 17.9 29.6 32.3 20.0 25.7 35.8 34.1 19.9 33.8 12.7 37.6 10.9 28.7 22.2 22.5 26.2 34.4 22.8 11.5 9.1 22.2 16.9 18.7 15.8 38.2 37.7 14.4 16.8 25.5 32.3 21.8 29.7 36.8 31.0 24.4 32.6 13.6 41.4 11.3 30.6 26.2 17.8 28.0 33.5 24.2 10.2 12.0 19.2 16.4 18.5 15.3 35.6 36.9 11.5 16.2 23.2 31.0 22.6 28.0 37.3 39.2 24.4 35.3 8.9 33.9 6.2 31.0 26.1 16.2 27.3 32.9 20.4 14.4 17.5 18.6 17.5 18.7 15.9 35.9 35.7 Other (b) Albania Belgium Bulgaria Canada Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States // 18.0 29.3 38.8 // 30.1 27.0 43.1 17.9 24.9 9.1 34.6 14.9 25.1 24.0 18.8 31.2 29.4 18.2 13.9 13.1 31.7 25.5 22.9 21.4 38.9 38.8 18.8 15.1 20.5 38.9 15.8 27.6 32.6 37.5 21.5 24.5 14.9 33.0 13.3 28.9 20.6 22.5 29.0 32.9 18.1 15.1 10.1 26.5 21.2 21.7 21.9 38.4 28.0 6.8 15.9 17.9 36.8 18.9 31.1 34.0 39.9 19.0 24.6 16.2 29.5 12.6 22.7 22.4 15.8 28.6 33.9 21.1 16.2 10.3 23.6 17.6 23.3 19.4 38.3 28.3 (a) Infrastructure expenditures include NATO common infrastructure and national military construction. (b) Other expenditures include operations and maintenance expenditures, other R&D expenditures and expenditures not allocated among above-mentioned categories. -10- NATO defence expenditures definition NATO defines defence expenditure as payments made by a national government specifically to meet the needs of its armed forces or those of Allies. A major component of the defence expenditures is the Armed Forces expenditure that appears in the Ministry of Defence (MoD) budget. Armed Forces include Land, Maritime and Air forces as well as Joint formations such as Administration and Command, Special Operations Forces, Medical Service, Logistic Command etc. financed by the MoD budget. They might also include only those proportions of "Other Forces" like Ministry of Interior troops, border guards, national police forces, customs, gendarmerie, carabinierie, coast guards etc. that are trained in military tactics, are equipped as a military force, can operate under direct military authority in deployed operations, and can, realistically, be deployed outside national territory in support of a military force. Other Forces expenditures, although financed by the other ministries' budgets, should also be included in the defence expenditures. Financial assistance by one Allied country to another, specifically to support the defence effort of the recipient, should be included in the defence expenditure of the donor country and not in the defence expenditure of the receiving country. Pension payments made directly by the government to retired military and civilian employees of military departments should be included even if these payments are made from other ministries' budgets. Prior to 2010, the defence data relating to France is indicative only. Iceland has no armed forces. Monetary values, from 2009 for Slovak Republic, from 2011 for Estonia, from 2014 for Latvia, and from 2015 for Lithuania, are expressed in Euros. NATO Common infrastructure expenditures are included in the total defence expenditures of each NATO country only to the extent of that country's net contribution. War damage payments and civil defence expenditures are excluded from the NATO definition of defence expenditures. NATO uses US$ as the common currency denominator. An average exchange rate is applied according the information available from the IMF. NATO defence expenditure data is expressed in current prices, constant prices, current prices and exchange rates, and constant prices and exchange rates. Reader's Guide Expenditures for peacekeeping and humanitarian operations (which may be paid by ministries other than the MoD), the destruction of weapons, equipment and ammunition, and the costs associated with inspection and control of equipment destruction are included in defence expenditures. Albania and Croatia joined the Alliance in 2009. To avoid any ambiguity the fiscal year has been designated by the year which includes the highest number of months: e.g. 2014 represents the fiscal year 2014/2015 for Canada and United Kingdom and the fiscal year 2013/2014 for the United States. Because of rounding, the total figures may differ from the sum of their components. Research and development (R&D) costs are to be included in defence expenditures. R&D costs should also include those for projects that do not successfully lead to production of equipment. Conventional signs: e estimated - nil .. not available // not applicable break in continuity of series . decimal point Expenditure for the military component of mixed civilian-military activities is included, but only when this military component can be specifically accounted for or estimated. -11- Nomenclature of NATO defence expenditures: 1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5 1.4.6 2 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6 2.1.7 2.1.8 2.1.9 2.1.10 2.1.11 2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 3 3.1 3.2 4 5 6 7 Operating Costs Military personnel Pay and allowances Employer's contributions to retirement funds Other Civilian personnel Pay and allowances Employer's contributions to retirement funds Pensions Paid to military retirees Paid to civilian retirees Operations and maintenance Ammunition and explosives (excluding nuclear) Petroleum products Spare parts Other equipment and supplies Rents Other operations and maintenance Procurement and Construction Major equipment Missile systems Missiles (conventional weapons) Nuclear weapons Aircraft Artillery Combat vehicles Engineering equipment Weapons and small arms Transport vehicles Ships and harbour craft Electronic and communications equipment National military construction NATO common infrastructure Expenditure as host country Payments to other countries Receipts from other countries Land and utilities Research and Development Devoted to major equipment Other Other Expenditures Total Statistical discrepancy Adjusted Total -12-