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IMPERIAL

0 I L

LIM

I TED

/II St. C lair At,-enue West, T oront o. Canada ,\.lS1,V 1K3

H . H . CLARE
C.N V I RONMENTAL

PROT

ECT

ION

COORO

1980- 08- 06

I NATOR

File

No. 801

Environmental Quality Committee Members~
Toxic Substances Subcommittee of EQC Members
Corporate Managers
·Marketing Region Managers
Refinery Managers
Region Environmental Advisors
Mr. R. G. Ernst
- Esso Eastern Inc . , Houston
Mr. L. B. Shore
- Essa Europe Inc., London
Mr. H.B . Prall
- Esso Inter ·- America Inc . , Coral Gables
Mr. R. J. Campion - Exxon Company, U.S.A., Houston
Mr. A. M. Natkin
- Exxon Cor poration , New York
Dr. V. A. Newill
- Exxon Corporation,
East Millstone
Dr. H. R. Gould
- Exxon Production Research Co., Houston
- Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden
Dr. J. A. Price
Dr. M. B. Glaser
- Exxon Research and Engineering Co., F. P.
Gent l emen:
I have attached
Review of Environmental

for your information
Protection

Activities

a copy of the
for 1978-1979

of Imperia l Oil Limited.
Yours very truly,

HHC/js
At t.

(Copies of attachment
sent to Management Committee
and CAC by CAC Exec. Secy. )

 ENVIRO
NMENTAL PROTECTIO
N REVI EW

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AND COORDI
NATION ACTIVITIES
1978 - 1979
C O N T E N T S

I .

II.

PERSPECTIVE
l .

Internat i onal
A. Areas of Progress
B. Some Major Top i c Issues

2.

U. S. Review
A. Leg i slation
and Regulat i ons
8 . Quality of the U. S. Environment

3

3.

Canad i an Review
A. Legislation
and Regulations
B. Quality of the Envi ronment
C. Pub li c Atti tudes and Participation

7

PERFORM
ANCE, PROBLEMS, AND PLANS OF
OPERATINGDEPARTMENTS
1.

Esso Resources Canada Limit ed
A. Expl orat ion and Production
B. Heavy Oi l
C. Minerals

11

2.

Logistics

l4

3.

Marketing

15

4.

Esso Chemical

5.

Oi l Spi ll

Canada

Statist

ic s

15

16

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III . COORDINATION
ACTIVITIES
1.

Technical

Ef for t,

2.

Industry

Act i vities

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3.

4.

Expenditu res,

Budget

l8

Qual ity

Committe e

21

Summary of Ac t i vities
Toxic Substance Contr ol
0 i l Sp i 11 Con·t i n gen c y Pl an n i n g

Coor dinat ion Departm e nt Act i vities
A.
B.

17

Arctic Petrol e um
Operators ' Assoc iation
PACE
Canad ian Chemical
Producers'
Associat io n
Canadian Manufacturers'
Associ a tion
Cost of Environmental
Associations

Environmental
A.
8.
C.

~

General
Exxon's Environmenta l Health
Activ i t ies

24

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SECTION I
PERSPECTIVE - ISS UES AND LEGISLATION
l .

INTERNATIONAL
A. Areas

of Progress

The United Nations
Environmental
Program, despite
politic al bickering,
in adequate staf f ing, and uncerta i n
funding , has pr ovided excellent
counse l to ma ny UN agency
program and pol ic y foru ms.
I n his re port to th e Eighth
Session of the General Council meeti ng in Na irob i, Apr i l
16 -29 , 1980 , Dr. Mostafa Tolba li s t ed 17 areas o f progress
Nine of th ese are l isted on Char t I.

Chart 1

I
Chart
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Ite m 6 is worthyo f comment si nce the UNEP Sec r etariat
has bee n as ked to produce a compre hensive re po rt on the
"State of the Enviro nme nt " every five years in order to
assess progiess , prioritiz~
pr oblems, and develop remedial
programs . The Global Environ menta l Monitoring
Syste m, by
measurement of certain
at mosp her ic , terrestial
and aquatic
parameters,
enables a scie ntif ic evaluation
of the globe
as a habit at for man, other animals,
and plants.
The development of un if orm gu i delines
for cost /bene fit
s tu dies an d environ menta l impact assessments
is being
undertaken
by t he Commission on Environme nt of the Inter nation al Chamber o f Commerce .
B. Summary of Major Topic
(i)

Cli matic

Iss ues

Chang e, Carbon Cycle

The glo ba l biog eoche mica l carbo n cy cle is a very
complex syst em. I t is assu med t hat t he major co ntr i b utors
of CO2 are t he bu ging of·fossil
fue ls which ha s been
l evel at 4 . 5 x 10 1 grams per y ea r and oxidation
o f carbon
stored in trees and soil humus. The maj or s ink s are the
at mos phere a nd the oceans. The at mos ph ere in 19 78 co nt ai ned
695 x 10 15 grams .
2

Remova l of CO2 i s ac hi e ved by phot osyn t hesis an d 15
eac h y ear it is est imate d that -forests
ta ke up 20 x 10
gra ms of carbon . Sin ce a forest
remo ves several
ti mes t he
quantit y of CO2 re moved by c ro ps per un it of area, a major
co ncer n e xists wi th r espect to deforestation.

.

 2

There is no do ubt t hat incre as es in fos sil fuel
usage and decrea ses in forest
cov er are aggravating
t he
poten tial problem of increased
COz in the atmosphere.
Tech no logy e xists to r emove COz from stack gases but
removal of only 50% of the COz would double the cost of
power gener a tion .
UNEP has encourag e sev eral internat
intensif y study of the carbon cycle .
( i i)

i onal

bodies

to

Heav y Metal s

The environ mental heal t h concerns with respect
to
hea vy metal s have emerged i n the last t hi rty yea rs.
They are th e result
of industrial
proc ess es which put
certain
heavy metal into the environment
in l a rger
quant i ties a nd in forms more readily
assimilated
by
plants a nd ani mal s.
Eviden ce of a problem ha s nearly al ways shown up
when chroni c poi son ing of a local population , us ual ly by
food i ntak e, reached epidemic lev e ls .
UNEP has sponsored many activities
with the World
Health Organ iza tion and oth er scientific
bodi es to
determine
the pathways, toxic and threshold
limits
for
heavy metals in t he environm ent and humans.
(iii)

Transport

and the Environ ment

The major concern s of r oad and air transport
are in
the real m of striking
proper balances
between individual
rights
and general ne eds for publi c transportation
. There
is growing concern over the withdrawal
of productive
la nds
for hi ghway s and ai rp orts and fue l efficiency
los ses
incurred
by air pollution
control
devices .
In the se as the major concern has been the environ mental thre at of oil pollution
and the loss of coa s tal
zone productivity
from oil a nd urban and industrial
development s .
UNEP act ivitie s are mainly to ward guiding developing
co unt ries to strike
a balance in the des ign and operation
of transportation
sys t ems .

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I)

3

(iv)

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Action

In the developi ng co un tries where problems of sanitation,
medica l service
and sc hooling are most acute , military
expenditures
are growing most rapidly .
UNEP can obviousl y on ly he lp by di mensi .oning
environmental
horrors of war .
( i v)

the

Childre n and the Envi ron ment

The International
Year of the Child ( 1979) focussed
wor ld attention
on the appa l ling situation
of mil l ions of
c hi l dren in poor co untries.
The sol ution to t his problem
l ies first,
in effecti ve birt h contro l progra ms and
second l y, in a determined
effort
by wealthy countries
to
give the f ina ncial , materi al, and management resources
and
ensure that they are used to provid e water supplies,
sanitatio n , better
food and better
basic shelter.
2.

U.S. REVIEW
A.

Legislation

and Regulations

In 1978 and 1979 , environmental
legislation
passed
included the Envi ronmental Pesticides
Control Act, the
Qui et Communities Act, and t he National
Parks and Recreaction Act but none with majo r consequences
to the
petroleum
industry . This period witnessed
intense
regulatory
activit y to attem pt t o imp le ment the objectives
and compl ex provisions
of the si x* major pieces of
env iro nmenta l leg i s l ation passed in the previous
t hree
ye ar period.

R
3

The government's
major slated
purpose in pass ing and
implementing
environmental
legislat
io n co ntinues
to be
pr otection
of human health,
a goal su pport ed by industry.
The means for reac hing t he goal are becoming increas ingly
str ing ent; ranging fr om guidelines,
l i mitat ion s and standa r ds,

u

m

of Mi litary
1

i
g

I
g

Effects

The re h a v e b e en l 30 ci vi 1 a n d r e g i o na l t1a rs i n t h e
period 1945 -1979.
Gl obal expenditures
absorb $400 billion
per year . There have been 667 nuclear explosions
since
the partial
test ban in i 963 . With t he growing membership
in the nuclear club, there is considerable
fear of
accidents
and delibera te sabotage.

~

0Chart

Environmental

*

Toxic substance
Control Act ( 76 ) , Clean Air Act (77) , Clean
Water Act (77) , Reso ur ces Conservation
and Recovery Act ( 76 ) ,
Safe Dr inki ng Water Act (7 6 ) , Coasta l Zone Management Act ( 76) .

 4

to outright
bans.
Industry ' s proper role continues
to
be: to insist
that the degree of control
applied
be
based on good scientific
evidence,
take account of the
feas ibility
of compl i ance, and to assure that benefits
are adequate to justify
the costs.
A major concern of the U.S . petroleum in dustr y has
bee n and continues
to be the "Oil and Hazar dous Substance
Spi l l Prevention
and Contro l Bills"
or igi nally dubbed the
"Super -F und Bill
when it concerned on l y oil now dubbed
th e Ul tr a Fun d 8 i l l s i n c e c hemi c a l s p i l l s a n d ha z a rd o u s
waste dump problems have been added.
Since oi l interests
have the deepest and most easily
pilfered
pocket there is
no doubt petroleum will pay a disproportionate
share of
costs .
11

II

B.

11

Quality

of t he U.S.

Environment

In a preface to the Tenth Annua l Report of the
Counc il on Environmental
Quality,
a body whic h ana l yzes
and coordinates federal
pol ic y and advise s the President
and Congress on en vironm ental matters , the Pre side nt
states
that the report ref lected a decade of solid achieve ment by congress and the Americ an people in impro vi ng the
qual it y of t he environment.

Chart 4

CEQ has not seen fit or perhaps been able to develop
a mathe matica l expression
of an overall
performance
index
to gauge progress
in ach ie vi ng environmental
qua l ity
goals.
They have deve l oped some yardsticks
to reflect
the status
in some ele ments of the equation
and some
pertinent
examples have been selected
from Highlights
of
the report .
11

(i )

11

Air Quality

"Overall
the nat i o·ns air quali t y is i mproving".
Combined data fro m 25 maj or metropolitan
areas showed
15% fewer unhealthy day s.
'' Carbon monoxide

has shown mar ked i mprovement " .

"Sulfur dio xide prob l ems are
the United States " .
violat

not i,,
Jidespread

in

Fewer than 50 of 753 counties
monitored
s howed a ny
i on of the 24 hour ambie n t air standa r d.

 5

"Counties
i n the 1,~estern U. S . displayed
a decreasi n g
n umber o f violations
of t he ozone sta n dard " . The ozo n e
standard
has been increased
fro m 0. 0 8 ppm to 0 . 1 2 ppm.
JIPol 1 ution contro l systems are ofte
malf unct i oning--Co ngress,
t herefore,
has
auto inspectio
n and maintenance
programsin regio n s where attainment
of the ozone
dela y ed " .
(i i )
"Data
sh own vast
worse 11 •

Water

n found to be
mandated t hat
- be instituted
standard
wi l l be

Qua l it y

s hows t hat water qual i t y i n t he U.S . has not
i mprove me n t s in ce earl y 1 70 1 s b ut is not ge t ting

Point sources
( i n dust r i a 1 pl ants a n d mun i c i pa 1
sewer outfal l s ) affect
wate r qu a l it y in 91 % of bas in s,
no n -po in t source
( a g ric u ltura l a n d ot her land drainage )
81%.
affect
11

u
n

U . S . 1 aws a nd soc i a 1 i n st i tut i on s a r e b etter
e qui p p e d
to de a 1 wi t h po i n t so u rces tha n non - poi n t source co n trol s 11 •
11

"Two- t h irds of the
po 1 1 u ti on p rob 1 ems 11 •

nation

1

s l a kes ha ve serious

D. D. T . , PCB I s a n d o t h e r p e r s i s ta n t c h emi c a l s a re
de c 1 i n i n g s 1 owly i n Great La kes f i s h ti s sue" .
11

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(i ii )

Toxic

Substa nces

and Env i ro nmental

Health

"Up to 50,0 00 dis posal sites
in U. S . may co n tain
hazardous
waste,
an ywhere fro m 1 , 2 00 to 2, 00 0 may pose
significant
r i sk to h uman healt h . There are 500 to 8 00
a b a n don n e d \<Ja s t e s i t e s 11 •
No pu bl ic age ncy has eno ugh mo ney to clea n up al l
i nactive
s i tes . Costs are es t i mate d in t he r ange of
S28 .5 to S 55 b i ll ion" .
11

"Rate of ca ncer mo rt a l it y in creasin g by 0 . 5% per
y ea r" . Fraction
rela t e d to occ upati on a l fact o rs 20 t o 38%.

I
g

u
g

Abo u t 1 , 5 0 0 s u b s ta n c e s s u s p e c t e d o f be i n g c a r c i n o g e n s
have b een i nv estigate
d b et ween 600 an d 800 showed positi ve
e vi den c e o f car c i no gen i c i t y 11 •
11

 6

"An in c r e a s ing numbe r o f people are seeking
compen sation
from gove r nment a gencies
for radiation
damages
claimed
to have been suffer e d by pa s t exposure
11

•

(iv)

Energy

" Energy use per dol l ar of GNP declined
BTU in 1972 to 56,400 BTU in 1978 11 •

from 61 , 200

11

Ne w c a r s a 1 e s ,,.,e i g h t e d f u e 1 e c o n o my i mp r o v e d f r o m
1 4 . 4 mpg i n 1 9 74 to 1 9 . 6 mpg i n 1 9 7 8
11

•

"Federal
financial
commi tment to developing
and
commercializing
renewable
energy technology
was at
l evel of $358 mi 11 ion in 1978 and expected
to exceed
$1 billion
in 1980 " .
As of
plants
in
o f 5l , 00 0
power and
(v)

March 31, 1979, there were 70 nuclear
power
the U.S . licensed
to operate
with a capacity
me g a vi a t t s . Th e y s u p p l y l 3 ~ o f U . S . e 1 e c t r i c a l
4% of total
energy.

Natural
11

'..Jater

Resources
shortages

of surface
and ground water are
, ·e v e l s a r e d e c l i n i n g 8 t o l 0
in Arizona and southern
Nevada" .

i n c r e a s i n g - g r o u n d \va t e r

feet

per year

Int ensive
in California"

irrig

11

11

nations

Erosion
most

is

increasing

of agricultural
lands
serious
problems " .

4 8 of the
measures 11.
11

at ion

soil

salinity

.

5 o states

have

remains

adopted

one o f the

far m1 and pre s er vat ion

Bureau of Land Management has begun a wildern e s s
inventory
and eval uation
of 174 million
acres of i ts
1and s
11

11

•

"Timber

industry

cutting

exceeds

National
Shel l fis h Register
prohibited
areas
for commerc ial
of a total
14 . 6 million
acres

growth

by 21 percent".

s hov,ied an increa s e in
operations
to 4 . 0 o ut

11

11

•

J

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7

m

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(vi)

The Council stated
that federal
environmental
regulations
added 0 . 3% to the annual rate of in cre a se from 1970 to
1978 and this same level would continue
for the 1979
to 1986 period . The cost of complying with al l federal
regulation s for the year 1978 was $26 . 9 billion . They
estimated
th a t benefits
could be re as onably valued at
S21 . 4 bil li on but of th i s amount $17 bil l ion was attributed
to reductions
in mortality
and morbidity.

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Expenditures
by various
reported
in Section III .

m

3.

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categories

are

Canad ia n Leoislation

1978 - 79

Federal
Maximum tolerable
levels
for sulfur
di ox i de , carbon
dioxide , oxida nts (ozone) , nitrogen
dioxide,
and particu
lates were introduced
under the Clean Air Act .

-

Vinyl chloride
emissions
regulations
and guid e lin e s
recommending limits
on atmospheric
emissions
from
packaged inc i nerators
were promu l gated under the Clean
Air Act.

m

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ind ustry

CANADIANREVIEW
A.

m

mChart

Economi cs

5

Bi l l C- 14 was introduced
to Par l iament
to replace
the 30 - year old Nuc l ear Control
Act.

as an attempt
and Administration

Bi l l C- 20 which containe d some very onerous prov1s1ons
concer n ing the regu l atio n of oil and ga s wells on federal
lands was expected to die before the upco mi ng election.
Regulations
und er the Ato mic Energy Contro l Act
concerning
the exposure of Urani um and Thori um miners
radiation
were revised .

to

The Trans portation
of Dangerous Goods Act was i ntroduced
as Bill C-53 a nd after amendment was reintrod uced as
Bill C- 17, later
as Bill C-25 (n ow Bi ll C- 18 ) .
A tota l ban on all uses of PCT s was i nstit uted un der
the Environ mental Contaminants
Act.
1

 8

Provincial

Legislation

and Regulations

Only legislation
or regu la tions
bearing on the Compa ny 's operations

1978 - 79
whic h may hav e a
are l i sted.

Alberta
Guidelines
describing
fo r coa l min i ng operations
Clean Water Act .

wastewater
controls
and s t andards
were issued purs ua nt to the

New Brunswick
The Clean
Chart 6

Envir onment Act became op erati

A bi ll was proposed to remove existing
li mitations
on en vironm ental s 11its aga inst
companies .

ve .
legislative
pol l uting

Ontario
Far reachi ng abso lu te liabi li ty provisio ns co ncerning
toxic substa nces spi ll s were proposed in a bill entitled
An Act to Amend the Enviro nmental Pro tection
Act, 197 1.
New water qual it y guidel in es incorporating
recommendations
were issued.

IJ C

Strict
regulations
f or t he control
of toxic substa nc es
were i ncluded in the Occupational
Health and Sa fe ty.
Act proc l ai med i n 1979 .
Quebec
Bi l l 50 establ i s hed an Environme nt Min i stry res pon s ib le
for administering
majo r pollution
co ntrol sc hemes.
taking
New MUC ai r po lluti on regulations
Marc h , 1979 , posed seri ou s probl ems for area
Significant
changes
and safet y legislation
B.

Quality

effect
in
oil refineries.

to existing
occupational
health
were propose d in Bill 17.

of t he Envi ronment

The Canadian Enviro nmental Advisory Counc il was
esta bl ished in 19 72 to advise the Minister
of Envi ro nment
on t he state of the envi ron ment and threats
to i t, bu t

 9

Chart 7

The Environmental
Protection
Ser vi ce data on air
quality
obtained
by the NAPS* program is usually only six
months in arrears.
This data indicated
that ambient
air quality
in nearly all regions of Canada i mproved in
both 1978 and 1979 in four of the six parameters
measured.
Sulfur dioxide,
total
suspended particulates
, carbon
monoxide , and lead were all lower, while oxidants
and
nitrogen
oxides remained relativ e ly co nstant.

l

by the
Water qualit y in the ~reat Lakes reported
International
Joint Commission s howed some improvement
over the ear ly 1970 s . The indications
of this were
slow recovery of the Lake Erie Fishery and hig her rates
of survival
of herring
gulls.
The levels of mercury and
have declined
satisfactorily
as a
PCB s in fish tissue
result
of various regulatory
control
programs . Reports
by provincial
aut horities
indicate
that gradual imp ro ve ment in river and strea m syste ms occurred during 1978 and
1979. The status
of quality
of recreational
la kes is
st il l of major concern because of acce lerat e d entrophicat
ion
1

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does not have t he resource
to issue a report l ike that
of the CEQ (U. S . ) Department of Environ ment makes an
annual report to parliament
which descr ib es acti vities
of the department
and provides
qua litative
information
and l imited quantitative
data by which subjective
judgements on status
may be postulated.
Unfortunately,
the informat ion is at least one year in arrears
when
issued.

1

from cottage

wastes

and acidic

precipitation

from

remote

sources.
The major areas of env ir onmental concern in 1978 and
1979 as a resu l t of industrial
activities
were:
acidic
precipitation
, dis posa l of toxic wastes,
radiation
hazards
in mining and in the nuclear refining
and electricity
drilli ng
generation
sectors,
large oil spills
from offshore
land di sturbance
from energ y projects,
and damage to human
health through the use of che mical pesticides
and herbicides
.
C.

Chart 8

Public

Attit

ud es and Participation

Attitude
s urve y s would see m to indicat e t hat public
concern wit h respect
to pollution
in 1978 and 1979 had
continued
to decline
to where on ly 6% considered
it a
major issue.

* Nationa l Air Pollution

Surve il lance

 10

Despite these findings
of our Joint Industry
Survey,
the Federal Minister
of Environment,
in t he spri ng of
1979, chose to announce results
of a CROP survey in the
following
manner:
- 89% of Canadians consider
deterioration
of the
environment
a major issue outran ked only by inflation,
unemployment , crime and delinquency
- 87% of Canadians
to curb resource
- governments
protection

are ready to change
waste and pollution

are not spending

- 91% believe

that

style

enoug h on e nvironmenta

63% more are concerned about quality
ment today than they were five years
- 96 % hold industry

life

l

of the environago.

as responsible
early

government

act ion is needed

Public participation
in e nv ironmental
activist
associations
has not perceptably
increased
but the efforts
of small groups of hard - core activists
have been remarkably
successful
in postponing
and delaying
energy, mining,
waste disposal
and forestry
projects .
The Environ mental I mpact Assessment
process has
become recog ni zed by governments as a necessity
to .l'hold
11
them harm 1 es s and mai n ta i n tenure . The i nevi tab l e next
step is public fina ncing of environmental
intervenors.

 I

11

SECTION II
PERFORMANCE, PROBLEMS,AND PLANS
OF OPERATINGDEPARTMENTS
1.

ESSO RESOURCES CANADALIMITED
A. Exploration

and Product ion

Accomplish ments
(i) Oil spi ll response was upgraded : additional
staff was added; new contingency
plans were developed
and accepted by gover nments; a major industr y offshore
oil spill
cooperative
( E. S.R.A . ) was formed; soearheaded
ind ustry participation
in jo int government / industry
oil
spill
research
programs.
(ii)
A program t-0 combat corrosion
included expanded
internal
and external
ins pection,
increased
use of
corrosion
i nh ibitors
and cathodic
protection,
extensive
use of inert piping mat erials.
(iii)
In cooperation
with govern ment and industry:
developed a plan to reduce H2S emissions
at Redwater;
developed guidelines
for reduced fie l d monitoring
for
Joffre
and other gas pl a nts .
Major

Problems

Remaining

(i) Ina bility
to ha ndle oil spills
under adverse
conditions
~vill be an embarrass ment ·at best and an
impediment at worst in our frontier
operations.
( ii ) As the Enviro nmental I mpact Assessment
process
matur es, more detai l ed inform at ion and longer lead times
wil l be required .
·
(iii)
approvals
wastes

Delays ca.us~d by the complex regulatory
syste m.
·

(iv) Disposa l of hazardous
e.g ., o i l - based drilling

mater i a l s and oi l field
mud from Nor man Wel ls .

(v) Administration
of government
logica l reserves
and East Sl opes.

polic i es on eco -

 l2

B.

Heavy Oil
(i)

Mining

( Syncrude )

Accomplish ment s
(a) Preliminary
bitumen from tailings

equipment
pond.

co mmissio ned to recover

(b) Bird mortality
at tailings
pond decreased
mechan ica l and noise deterrent
program.
(c)

Surveys

conducted

on main Util i ty Plant

(d) Substa nti a l rev egetation
( 20 K see dlings ).

program

by
Stack.

undertaken

Major Prob l ems Rema ining
to recover
(a) Fur the r effort
wil l be requir~d
b it umen in effl uent and fro m tailings
pond.
(b) Land re cla mat ion wi ll
( c ) Contingency
plant emi ssions are
( ii)

plan for
high .
- Pilot

Operations

be co nt in ued.
production

cutbacks

when

Plant

Accomplishm e nts
ve nt gas compre s~o rs at Leming .

( a ) In stalled
(b) Applied

mud re-use

system

to two rigs.

Major Prob l ems Remain i ng
(a)

Fresh

wate r consu mption

( b) Dispos al of produced
( c ) Sour gas emissions

and re-use.

wa t e r and dril l ing muds.
f rom wel l he a d venting

.

( ii i ) Col d Lake Pro j ect
Accompli sh ments
( a ) Complete d final

Environ menta l Impact Asses sment.

 l3

(b) Studies on water
disposal,
potential
water
(c) Air quality
and their effects.

stu dies

Major Problems
(a) Waste

included:
waste water
water quality
monito r ing.

S02 emissions

inclu ded :

Rema ining

water

(b) S02 air

problems
sources,

treatment

and disposal.

emissions.

(c) Wild life

management .

[
C.

'l
r

I
I
I

Minerals
Accomplishments

system

(a) Baseline
developed

(b) Radiatio
Mid west Lake .

study for Midwest Lake co mplete d and
to prepare E. I .S .
n protection

(c) Preliminary
favourably
received

procedures

instituted

environmental
report
by B.C . government .

(d) Operational
monitoring
was approved by N.S. government.
(e) Study of effects
Granduc quite favourable.
Major Problems

program

of tailings

on Kutcho Creek
for Gays River

discharge

from

Remaining

(a) Ars en ic control

in Midwest tailings.

(b) Accepta ble post abandonment disposal
rad ioactive
and arsenic-bearing
wastes .
(c) Government
to Kutcho Creek .
(d) Detailed
d i vers ion.

at

concern

about

environmental

per manent
assessment

method for
access

road

of Gays River

 l4

2.

LOGISTICS
Accomplish ment s
( a ) Water effluent
treatment
systems at Dartmouth a nd
Montreal refin er ies have started
up and now meet refinery
effluent
guide line s.
(b) Toxic sub st ances inventory
and control
been initiated
at all refin er ies .

programs

have

(c) Biode gradat i on of oily s ludge s has been dev elo ped to
successful
operation
in se vera l refinerie
s and is a major
asset availab l e for use in a ll loc at ions , a s permits are
obtained .
(d) In 1979, Ma rine de liver ed 23 MMBof product in l 100
transfers
to 70 termin a ls f rom th e Lakehead to the High
Arctic without a single spi l l or pollution
incident.
Montreal and Dartmouth ha rbo ur bunker barges att a ined a
re markab l e performanc e, wi th only two spill
incidents
and
no meas urable oil escape.
( e ) Ai r manage ment sy s tems continu e successful
operation
with new development s as required
a t all refinery
locations .
Significant
strides
ha ve be en made in the development of
a mode l for Montreal Eas t and in obtaining
agree ment from
t he Ontario Government for a real - time , reactiv e S02 control
system .
(f)
A new two - to wer sour water
i n Montreal .

stripper

(g) The full fleet
has now bee n equipped
board sp il l response ca pabi l i ty .

was st art ed up
with

PACE ship -

(h) Crude oil washing has been accepted as a routine
operation
on tan ker s delivering
crude to Dartmouth refinery.
control
(i) Replac~ ment of f mperial Pipeli ne ' s supervisory
syste m with an improved leak det ectio n package has begun .
Major

Pr oblem s

( a ) Inconsistent
is a continuing

feed to water effluent
probl em at refineries
.

(b) Spe nt caustic
di s posal is becoming
difficult
for eastern
refin e ries.
(c) There are
Di visio n .

no major

treatment

systems

increasingly

prob le ms for Marin e and Pipel i ne

 15

Plans
(a) Logistics
ant
requir ements for
at each refinery
Similarly,
Marine
performance with
reg ula tio n .

icipates
both air
expire.
and Pipe
the effect

the need t o d isc uss new licence
and wa ter as present
lic ence s
Anti cipator y planning continues.
li ne Division
plans to improve
of discouraging
further

( b) Emplo y eeawareness
a nd trai n i ng pr og ra ms are
f eature of communicat ion wi th employees .
3.

a re gul a r

MARKETING
Accomplishm e nts
( a ) Based on field
reinforced
plastic
tanks.

!
(

!

test results , a new fiber glass
standard was issued for undergro und

(b) The upgradin g program
was contin ued.

for

(c) Service station
favourable .

for benzene exposure

tests

steel

U/G s torage

tanks
were

Major Pr ob lems Remaining
( a ) Trend in legis l ation to make t he owner of t he pr oduct
l ia ble al ong with the ca rr ier for spill
c lean up and·
damage costs .
(b) Hydrocarbon vapour conservation
1 ikely at bulk plant s
and service
stations
toward the end of the decade .

[

I

(c) Conti nued pr e ssu re to upgrade underground storage
facilities
and ta nk for m bases because of i ncreased
conta mination
of underground aquifers .
4.

ESSO CHEMICALCANADA

[

Acco mplishm e nts

f

sc hed ~le for t he restriction
( a) Plans and a co mpliance
of VCM emissions
has been accepte d by t he Onta r i o
Min istry of the Environment .

f

( b) A new vac uum sy ste m red uced VCM emissi on s pr i or t o
op en ing reactors .

I

 l6

(c) A tota l water
Fertilizer
Pl ants

manage ment program at the Redwater
has been initiated
.

(d) The acti vated carbon eff lu ent treatment
stream at the Sarnia Chemical Plant.

faci li ty is on

(e) A program to i mprove noise and dust levels
Products of Canada pl ants has been effective
.
( f ) Benzene mon i toring has shown concentrati
l ess than 1 ppm in the air .

at Building

on s to be

Major Proble ms
(a) Continuous
phenol containment
Plant has not yet bee n achieved .

at the Sarn ia Chemical

(b) Fl uor id e emissions
at the Redwater
are of continuing
concern .

Fertilizer

Plants

(c) Div e r sio n of chro mat e at the Redwat er Fertilizer
Plants to avoid co nt amination
of the Nort h Sas ka tc hewan
River is a concern .
Future
( a) New li cence req uir ements must be anticipated
Redwater Fe rt ili zer Pl a nts , the Sarnia Chemical
and t hose of Buildi ng Prod ucts in Que bec .
(b) Empl oyee awareness and training
ongoing acti vit y at all locations.
5.
Char t 9

programs

are

for the
Plant,
an

OIL SPILL STATIST ICS
The number of oil spill
incidents
i n 1979 rose
slightly
over 1978 with t he increase
l argel y arisin g f ro m
production
ope rations
due to aging of facil itie s and
acce l erated pipe line corrosion
as a result
of th e
inc reasi ng vo lu me of salt wate r in oil produced.
An increase
in s pil ls of crude and product occurred
i n 1979 at refineries,
most of whi c h was contained
on
company property.
Si xty -fi ve per cen t o f the ref i ne ry
spills
were caused by work error .
In general,
o i l spill
i ncid ent s appear to be remaining
stable
in mar keti ng and rising
somewhat in refineries
and
producti on over the l ast two years.

l

I

 /

I
m

17

I
I
I
I Chart

SECTION III
COORDINATION
ACTIVITIES
1.

l0

I
I
I
I
Chart
I
I Chart 12
I
I

11

I
I
I
~
I

TECHNICALEFFORT, EXPENDITURES,BUDGET
The tota l technical
effort
for environmental
protection
programs and studies
declined
in 1978 to 88 equivalent
M.P. T. employees,
then rose to 103 in 1979.
The number
of full-time
professionals
has i ncreased steadily
fro m
38 in 1975 to 56 in 1979 . The swings in total
t ec hnical
effort
are very dependent on the number of new ventures
the company has under design at any one time and on
status
of government regulatory
developments . As in
previous
reports,
the statistics
do not incl ude effort
expended on our behalf in S . R. A. and P.R.A . programs nor
for co ntracted
research
for environ mental basel ine information .
The cost of environmental
researc h directly
contracted,
performed at Sarnia,
billed
by affiliates
, or undertaken
by support grants to un iversit ie s amounted to $3,567 ,0 00
i n 1978 , and $3 ,8 19 , 000 in 1979 . There is a considerable
range of subject
matter represented
in these efforts
such as:
b iolog ica l baseline
data , toxicity
and carcinogen i city of products,
new and improved po llutio n contro l
process,
and evaluation
of pollutants
in air masses and
aquatic environments.
were
Cap i t al expenditures
for environmental
control
$40 . 8 million
in 1978 and $70 . 4 million
in 1979 representing
9 . 7 and 10 .5 percent of the total
corporate
P . C.B. expenditure.
The large increa se in 1979 results
from the
capitalization
of high cost exploration
activit ie s in the
Bea ufort Sea and off t he East Coast .
Rationalization
of t he statistics
with earlier
years
is difficult
because fig ur es for ot her functions
represent
physical
assets which are booked to the plant account.
Expenditures
are predicted
to remain in $50 mi l lion ra ng e
through to the end of 198 3 and wi ll then likel y increase
as the Cold Lake project
pr oceeds.
The predictions
are
based on the assu mptio n that there wi l l not be any
i rrational
regulations
for the cont r ol of acid rain or
toxic chemicals.

 /

l8

2.

I NDUSTRYACTIVI TIES
A.

Arct i c Petroleum Operators'
Association
East Coast Petroleum Operators•
Association

These orga n izations
continued
env ir onmental research
programs for several
aspects
of co l d weather operat i ons .
The East Coast Operators ' formed and eq uip ped the East
Coast Oil Spill Res pon se Association
to cope wi t h a major
oi l spi l l in that area .
B.

PACE

As of Dece mber 1979, t here were 13 member co mpa n ies
supp lying approxi mate ly 100 individuals
who have co ntrib uted
to t he substantia
l success whic h PACE has enjoyed in
past years .
Research and develop ment continues
to acco unt for
a l most one - half of the tot a l bud get during 1978 and 1979.
Efforts
have been made to i mprove t he organization
for
greater
operating
efficiency
and to acco mmodate new
challenge s. A tec hni cal co mmittee on env i ronmental
assessment
was formed .
Chart 13

The media re l atio ns program has been st r engthened,
an d in 1979, interv i ews were arra ng ed with f i ve leading
periodicals

.

In eac h in stance,

a feature

article

resu lted

.

Three radio interviews
were arranged and a backgrou~d
ki t supplementi ng t he PACE booklet was sent to editors
of a ll dai l y news papers , electro n ic media, and trade
publ i cations .
·
During the past year, PACE pub l ishe d eleven
reports
and t hree guideline
bu l l etins.

project

Li aison and cooperation
with other Canadian petroleum
assoc i ations
has been in crease d a nd enhanced . I nternationa
PACE i s a member of th e In ter national
Petroleum In dustr y
Environmental
Conservation
Associatio n and is coo perati ng
with API on a number of envir onme ntal matte rs .
PACE presented
seven briefs
on federal
matters
in 1979 ,
and in cooperation
with ot her indu stry associatio
ns participated
in or su pport ed briefs
on six l egislat ure or
regulatory
act ion s by prov incial
government.

lly ,

 /

l9

Research

l
(

l

l

and Development

During the past two years,
nine research
and development project
have been completed and final
reports
issued .
Future pl ans include research
projects
on the effects
of
H2S in toxic concentrations,
the design and development
of an underground
tank leakage monitor , investigations
in respect
to long - range transport
of acidic
precipitation
and a study of Neoplasia
in Fishes of the Great Lakes .
Waste Disposal
Increased
attention
is focussed on industrial
waste
disposal
problems . A refinery
waste survey with 100%
participation
has been completed . PACE has played a
prominent role in lia i son with governments on the develop ment of good practices
with re s pect to used lubricating
oils . It has provided significant
guidance to government
on the classif i cation of industrial
waste and to industry
on the degradat i on of oil sludges by l and spreading .
Water Pollution
Recently there have been three interfaces
with the
International
Joint Commission concerning
the 1978 Canada U. S. l\greement , the probability
of establish
i ng an
Industria l Advisory Board to the IJC and on the matter o
limited
use zones . PACE is giving serious
consideration
to Environment Canada's proposal
to convert Refinery
Guidelines

under

the

Fisheries

Act

to Reg ulat i ons.

Additionally
, PACE strongly
supports
a meeting with
appropriate
representatives
of Quebec industry
and the
Quebec Government with respect
to potential
regulation
as
a result
of the St . Lawrence River Study .
Air Pollution
A survey of emissions
from all Canadian petroleum
refineries
for the year 1978 has been completed.
The
Federal Government has been briefed
on MMTand a l ternate
octane i mprovers at its request.
PACE has made significant
advances in the extensio n of techniques
for air management,
including
the use of mat hematica l models .
Oil Industry
Contingency
Plans
National
Coordinating
Committee
This committee
air bubble curtains
major breakthrough

has deve l oped t he concept of using
to deflect
oil on rivers,
which is a
in the technology
to contain oil in

 20
river c urrents.
It has also prompted the formation
of
an industry
coordinating
group to help in deve l opment
of Environ ment Canada s Arctic Marine Oil Spil l Countermeasures Program, and the Eastcoast
Spill Response
in equipment and
Association
at a cost of about $2 million
materials,
and an annual operat in g cost projected
at
$250 000 . Additio nally,
the Join t Oil Spi ll Response
Executive
Planning Committee was formed to develop an
improved respo nse to a major mar ine oil spil l . The
committee
cons ist s of thr ee senior representatives
f rom
Transport
Canada a nd three Di rect ors of PACE.
1

C.

Cana d ia n Chemic al Producers'

Association

Probably the most active
co mmittee
in C.C.P.A. is
the Enviro nmen tal Quality Committee.
Over t he past two
years it has prepared or been involv ed in t he preparation
of briefs
to governments concerning
Federa l Organic Chemicals
Regulations,
Federal Alkali Regulations,
Federal Tr ansportation
of Dangerous Goods Act, Ontario Spill Regul ations,
Confidentiality
I ss ues , O.E.C.O. Committee work, Ontario
Spil l Control Bil 1, Ontario Way Bill System, Federa l
Solid Waste Task Force, Federal Regulation
Reference,
the
I.J.C . Great Lakes Water Quality
Agreement and Alberta
Hazardous Waste Siting hearings.
It has he ld meetings
with government groups in c lu ding
Federal,
Ontario and Quebec.
It has conducted surveys
of member co mpanies concerning
pollution
leve l s, sol id
waste disposal,
public opinion,
an d waste disposal
sites.
About ten task force groups are active
at any
given time dealing with the deve lo pment work that has to
precede the final presentations
r eferred
to above.
Esso Chemical
in t hi s commi ttee.
D.

Canadian

perso nne l play

Manufacturers'

an active

leading

role

Associ ation

The Environ me nta l Qual i t y Control Committee of CMA
is a l arge committee which must represent
all the interests
of CMAmembers in thirteen
jurisd ictions
in Canada . In
each of the year s 1978 and 1979 , th e co mmittee
met as a
whole, fou r times, but vari ou s task forces and two subco mmittees
met on nume rou s occasions.

 j

I
I

21

Importa nt submissions
were made to governments on:
the Enviro nmental Contaminants
Act, Socio-Economic
Impact Asse ss ment process,
Occupational
Healt h and Safety
Leg isla tion , The Ontario ''Sp i l l Bil l
and regulatio ns
with respect
to Industrial
Wates -in several
jur isdictions.
11

I

,

E.

Cost ( To I .O . L. ) of Environ menta l Associations

The costs to the Compa ny of acti vitie s performed by
$1 .4 mill ion in
industry
associations
were approximately
1978 and $860,000 in 1979 . These activities
in volve
research,
gov er nment consultations,
public inform atio n and
monitoring
of pollutants
in receiving
waters and neighbour hood air sheds.
Tit.Jo major oil sp i l l cooperatives
are
also inc lude d- - Burr ard Cle an and .the Eastcoast
Spill
Response Association.
Imper ial ' s share of the total
costs of th ese efforts
ranges from 10 to 25%, hence, the
company gains considerable
benefit
from the d i visor effect.

I

I
I
I
I

3.

ENVIRONMENTAL
QUALITYCOMMITT
EE
A.

Summary of Activitie

s

The Committee met seven ti mes in 1978 and six times in
19 79 . The minutes of the b i month l y meetings were circulated
widely within the company and, in effect , served as an
Environmental
Aff a irs News1 etter.
The high lights

Chart 15

of

activities

in

1978

included:

- a program was deve loped to notify
government officials,
customers,
dealers , etc. , as a result
of the Exxon No. 2
Fuel Oi l Alert which was based on long term animal
carcinogenicity
tests with No. 2 f uel which had given
positive
results.
The diluent
for Spruce Bud Worm spray
was changed from cracked to straight
run as a result.
- an i nterfunctional
Benzene Task Force was formed to
conduct an internal
audit of exposure in r es ponse to
proposed reductions
i n the occupational
exposure l irnits.
The data showed exposure le vels were generally
satis factory
and solutions
were developed for the f ew potential
problem areas which were uncovered .

n
n

I

- legislation
was reviewed,
implications
were assessed
and appropriate
response were agreed upon inter alia;
- Montreal Urban Communit y Air Regulation
- Transportation
of Dangerous Goods Act

 /

22
frequent
reviews
Response and the
programs as they
for the level of

were made of the Exxon Oil Spill
Ontar i o Maj-or Oi l Spill Cooperative
developed and approvals
were obtained
participation

- response was coordinated
to the Exxon Environmental
Health progr am whic h i ncluded establishment
of a
senior management E. H. Advisory Commi ttee .
- preparation
of a corporate
pl a n was init iate d for
communicating about asbestos
and asbestos
related
diseases
- the Toxic Substances
The highlights
- several
pieces
includ ing

Subcommittee

began to function

of 1979 includ ed:
of si gnif icant

legislation

• Transportation
of Dange rous
- various drafts

were assessed

Goods Act

• Amendments to Ontario Environmental
Protection
Act
- liab ility
and clean up f und prov isions
• Amendments to Canada Shipping
• Amendments to regulations
- the Esso Chemical

Act

under

the Fisheries

Emergency Response

Act

Pla n was revi~wed

progr am
- the Market i ng Department audio - visu al training
for i ncreasing
awareness regarding
underground
storage
product leaks and inventory
contro l was reviewed .
- guidelines
were co mpleted
communicati ng about Toxic

to ass ist
Substance

- a toxic substances
i nventory
operating
departments

management
issues

was prepared

- Exxon Environmental
Health group placed
eval~ating
the carcinogenicity
potential
fuels (in cluding Syncru de)

by

in

the

emphasis on
of synthet ic

- the Exxon Oil Spill Response and the Ontario Cl ea1 Oil
Spill Cooperative
move into the fina l development
stages
for management appro va l

 /

23

- a government/ i nd ustry
to develop a national
s pi 11
B.

Toxic Substance

committee , JOSREP, was form ed
response plan for a marine super

Control

During 1978 and 1979 , there has been steady progre ss
toward the deve lopm ent of sound organizational
patterns,
an industrial
hygiene program tailored
to meet current
and future demands and eff ici ent cu mmunication
systems
with Exxon . Exxon is the primary source of ear l ier
identification
of those s ub stances which may require
attention.
We rely heav i ly on them for i nt erpretation
of new scientific
and technologica
l i nformation
and for
guidance on perspective
.
Environmental
Protection
Coordination
plays a key
role in initiating
work and assisting
where coordination
is required . The Tox ic Substances
Sub committee
of EQC
is used where matters
of interfunctional
interest
\vould
benefit
from committee discussion.
Matters whi ch ca n
be handled most efficient
ly by existing
functional
organiit h toxic substances
issues
zations
estab l ished to deal 1t1
are used preferentially.
The Tox ic Substa nc es Subcommittee has held eight
meetings , one in November , 1978, a nd seven in 1979 . Early
matters
of concer n included
the need for testing
with
respect
to Syncrude materials
and heating oil,
re-enuncia tion

of the

hazards

of asbestos

bution of communication
to managers .

of this

and compan y - wide

information

distri-

was provided

With maj or input fro m Employee Rel ations a nd External
A.ffairs,
a co mprehensive booklet on "Gu idelines
for
Commun icating
About Toxic Substances"
was given wide
distribution
throughout
the Compan y . The subco mmittee
has been the medi um for discussion
of pot ential
concerns
with respect
to s pecific
Company products as related
to
the possible
need for revised or new data sheets.
More recently , Environmental
Protection
Coordination
ha s in itiate d through the committee a co mpany - wide program
to ensure appropriate
1 isting
of chemical substances
withi n our operations.
The responsibi l it y for action
rests with individua l fun ctio nal manag ements and the
committ ee will provide a mean s of intercommunication
and
a forum to ens ure a unifor mity of approac h consistent
1t1i

t h Co mp a n y

po1 i cy .

 Ill
24

C.

Oil Spi l l Contingency

Planning

In 1978, as a res ult of the Amoco Cadiz i ncident,
Exxon Corporation
conducted a review of its oil spill
response capabi l ity which conc l uded s igni ficant
improve ments were desirab l e and possible . Recommendations were
made in the Fal l of 1979 which included
est ablishing
an
interregiona
l assistance
team, eq uipm ent stockpiles
, and
an R&D program me.
In additio n , regio ns were encouraged
to upgrade their contingency
pla ns, to play a leading
ro l e in industry
cooperatives
and to form corporate
interfunctional
oil s pi l l co mmi ttees . Imperial 's annual
financ i a l in volvement in t he Exxon programme co uld be in
the $300 - 600K range over th e next few years depending
on developments.
Manage ment approva l was given ear ly in
1980, and ste ps were taken to init i ate implementatio n of
the programme within I mperial.
The membership and terms
of reference
of t he I mper i al Corp orate Oi l Spi l l Committee
are shown in the appe nded charts.

Charts
16-22

4.

COORD
I NATION DEPARTMENT ACTI VITIE S
A.

Genera l

Members of the depart ment continued
to represent
the
company and /o r the industry
on many affi l iate and industry
committees
and in various public foru ms.
While the
number of formal technical
papers prepared and presented
declined
so mewhat , t he number of informal
presentations
i ncreased.
Guidance and assistance
to Esso Resources for the
conduct of baseline
studies
and the preparation
of
Enviro nmenta l Impact State ments co ntin ued at a h ig h
level of act iv ity.
The depart ment org a n ized o r participated
in several
research
projects , conducted by PACE and Exxon , to gai n
wid er acceptance
or i mpro ve t he efficiency
of the aerial
ap pl ication
of chemical dispersants
for major mar in e o i l
s pi l l s.
G. R. Fern played a sig n if ic ant role in t he developme n t o f Ex x o n s i,t./o r 1dwi d e Oi l Sp i 1 l Re s po n s e P1a n f o r
majo r e vents.
Fern als o provid e d co nsi derab le administrati ve and technical
a dv ice t o the Ont a rio Petroleum
Assoc iation
in the deve lopment o f an organization
for a
I

llJ
llJ
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IIJ

II
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11
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 25
maj or oil spill
clean - up cooperat iv e f o r t he pet r ole um
i ndustry in t he Province of Ontario ( PIMEC) .
A. L. Scott coo r dinated the preparation
of a co mpany
manual for "Communi cat i ng About Tox i c Substances " . This
manual is designed to assist
al l levels of ma nage ment
in t he ha ndli ng of toxic s ub stance iss ues with empl oy ees,
t he media, and the public.
E. C. 3irchar d has played a maj or ro l e i n t he des ig n
of b iologica l r esea r c h stud i es for Esso Minera l s, Exxon ,
PACE, and the Biological
Advisor y Subco mmit tee of API.
A two-da y se mi na r was he l d eac h y ea r f o r the Regiona l
Environ menta l Advisors fo r discussi on of co mmon re g i onal
and orga n izat i onal
proble ms and to update them on t echnical
matters.
B.

Exxon Enviro nmental

Heal th Acti vit i es

The Exxo n organ i zational
s t r uct ures in the Environ men t al Health and To xic Sub sta nce Co nt ro l a r eas were
re po rted to C. A.C. in May, 19 79 . The E. P. Coordinato r
re presents
Imperial on t he Petrole um and Synt hetic Fuels
Pl a nn ing Grou p . The princi ple concer ns of t h is activ i t y
are to i nput business
l ine needs to Exxon Medica l Department 1s Resea r c h Pro gra ms and to reco mmend appro pra i te
busi ness act io ns as a resu l t of research
findings.
Exxon

Med i ca l De pa r t me n t re q ues t e d a n d o bt ained

appro val of manage ment t o set up a n Advisor y Committee·
on Potent i a l Environmental
Health Haza rd s and t he E. P .
Coordinator
represents
imperial
on th is co mmittee.
The
co mmittee was struck because re gula t ory obl igations
under
t he U. S . Tox i c Substa nce Con t r ol Ac t co uld have s igni f i cant
i mpact on affi l iate operations
even ou t s id e th e United
States.
Sec t ion (8 e ) of TOSCA req u i r es t hat an y one who
discovers
t hro ug h resea r c h or ot he rw ise info rma tio n,
pr e vio us ly not r e po rte d , t hat a mate ri al or s ubsta nce in
comme r ci a l use is o r may be a s ignif ica nt ris k to huma n
heal t h must report suc h find i ngs t o t he Environmenta l
Protection
Agenc y wi t h i n 15 da y s .
The re port in g of s uch i nfo rmation en tai l s ce r ta i n
action steps i n addit i on to not ifyi ng t he ad min i stra t or

 26

I

of EPA.
These steps

II

may entail:

- notification
of t he public
- notification
to employees and/or customers
- recommendation
to operating
managements
Actions to be reco mmended to operating
might involve:
Chart 23

-

manage ments

avoidance of use of specific
s ubstances
reformulation
or cessation
of production
changes to occupational
exposure 1 i mits
proce ss and / or engineering
changes

A systematic
appraisa l of nearly all Exxon and Imperial
products
has been underway for so me ti me to assess t he
toxicity
and carcinogenicit
y of al l company products .
The number of products
which are definitely
carcinogenic
to animals is significant
but not a l arming.
Appropriate
notification
and corrective
industria l hygiene measures
have been made.

U
"

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l

 Chart 1

UNEP PROGRAMM
E
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
1. REGIONALSEASPROGRAM
MES
2. ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESSIN
DEVELOPME
NT STRATEGI ES
3. COST
/ BENEFIT ANALYSIS
4. E.I.A. GUIDELINES
5. COMBAT DESERTIFICATION
6. MONITORING(GEMS)
7. ADVICETO LOG'S - PRIORITIES
- LEGISLATION
8. IMPACTOF ENERGY- PRODUCT
I ON
- USES
9. GLOBAL PLAN FORTROPICALFORESTS

Chart 2

STATE OF ENVIRONMENT 1980
MAJOR TOPICISSUESREPORTED
1. CLIMATICCHANGES,DEFORESTATIO
N, CO2AND
THE CARBONCYCLE
- CO2IN THE ATMOSPHERE
- 1850-280PPM 1978-330 PPM
2. HEALTH HAZARD FROMHEAVY METALS
PROBLEMS KNOWFROM:
- CAOMIUM, LEAD, ARSENIC, MERCURY,
NICKEL
3. TRANSPORTAND THE ENVIRONMENT
PROBLEMS- CONSUMPTION OF ENERGYAND
LAND RESOURCES, Al REMISSIONS,
NOISE,ACCIDENTALDAMAGE

 u
Chart 28

u

4. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTSOF MILITARY ACTION
- NUCLEARWAR GREATTHREAT TO MAN AND
HIS ENVIRONMENT
- LARGEST CAUSEOF HUMANSUFFERING
- GREATESTFACTORIN WASTE OF RESOURCES

m

-

5. CHILDRENAND THE ENVIRONMENT
- MORE VULNERABLE THAN ADUl TS TO
POLLUTIONAND STRESS
- THEY WI LL SHAPETHE FUTURE
- BIRTH RATE DECLINE NOT SUFFICIENT TO
PREVENT 50% CHILO POPULATION INCREASE
IN POORCOUNTRIES.

m

Chart 3

1978-1979U.S.LAWSAND REGULATIONS
LAWS

- ONLY 3 - NOT GREAT
-CONSEQUENCE
TO I ND.USTRY

REGULATIONS - MYRAID - UNDE-RPREVIOUSACTS
- MORESTRINGENTSTANDARDS
- SEVEREOPERATING LIMITATIONS
- BANSONSOME SUBSTANCES

b
b

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1

 Chart 4

QUALITY OF U.S. ENVIRONMENT (1978-19
79}
- OVERALL IMPROVEMENT

AIR QUALITY

- CO MUCH BETTER
- so2 LOCALIZED
- OZONE - CALIFORNIA STILL
- NOT VAST IMPROVEME
NT

WATER QUALITY

- INDUSTRY MAINLY IN COMPLIANCE
- MAJOR CONCER
N

TOXICS

- UP TO 2000 SITES MAY POSE
SIGNIFICANT HEALTH RISK
- EFF1ClENCY OF USE IMPROVED

ENERGY

- NUCLEAR PROGRAMSTALLED BY
SAFETY PERFORMANCEQUESTIONS
NATURAL RESOURCES

- AG. LAND PRODUCTIVITY
AND PRESERVAT
I ON
SERIOUSCONCERN
Ch art 5

CANADIAN LEGISLATION (1978, 1979)

FEDERAL
TRANSPORTOF DANGEROUS GOODSACT
- WILL IMPROVESAFETY THROUGH UNIFORM
REGULATIONS
PCB'S REG'S
- WORKING TO PHASEOUT
VINYL CHLORIDE REGULATIONS
- ECG COST $2 Ml LLION IN COMPLIANCE BY

1/4/81
CANADA 01L AND GAS ACT
- Bl LL C-20
- 2-REVOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL FUNDS
$15 Ml LLION EACH
- NO INDUSTRY SAY ON SPENDING RATE
- ACREAGE FEES TO REFI LL FUND

 II
Ch art 6

CANADIAN LEGISLATION (1978-79)

II
m

PROVINCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
ONTARIO
"SPILL Bl LL"
- AMENDED EPA ACT
- ABSOLUTE LIABILITY TO OWNERSANO TRANSPORTERSFOR CLEANUP ANO DAMAGES

-I

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ANO SAFETY ACT
- RIGHT TO REFUSEWORK
- SAFETY COUNCI LS MANDATORY
- STRICT REGULATIONSON TOXICS

I
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QUEBEC
Bl LL 50
- SEPARATEENVIRONMENTMINISTRY
BILL 17
- SWEEPING OCCUPATIONAL HEA LTH AND SAFETY CHANGES
NEW M.U.C. AIR REGULATIONS
- TOUGH REFINERY STANDARDS

Chart 7

QUALITY OF CANADIAN
ENVIRONMENT(1978-79)
AIR
- GENERALLY CLEAN ACROSSCANADA
- SOz, TSP, CO, Pb, ALL LOWER
WATER
- GREAT LAKES AND STREAMSIMPROVED
MAJOR CONCERNS
- " ACID RAIN"
- TOXIC WASTE DISPOSAL
- RADIATION HAZARDS
- LA RGE OIL SPILLS
- CHEMICAL PESTICIDES AND HERBICIDE USE

-II

 Chart 8

PUBLIC ATTITUDES
JOINT INDUSTRY SURVEY
- ONLY 6% CONSIDERPOLLUTION A MAJOR
ISSUE
CROPSURVEY
- 89% CONSIDERENVIRONMENTAL
DETERIORATION A MAJOR ISSUE
- 87% CANADIANS WIL L CHANGE LIFE STYLE TO
CURB POLLUTION, STRETCH·RESOURCES
- GOVERNMENTS NOT SPENDING ENOUGH TO
HELP
- 63% MORE CONCERNEDNOW THAN FIVE
YEARS AGO
- 96% HOLD INDUSTRY RESPONSIBLE
- 91% BELIEVE GOVERNMENT ACTION NECESSARY

Chart 9

1979 OIL SPILL STATISTICS
FUNCTION/AFFILIATE
ERCL
PRODUCTION
OPERATl ONS
HEAVY 01L
LOGISTICS
REFINERY
MARINE
PIPELINE
MARKETING
CONSUMER
DISTAiBUTION/ OTHER
TOTALS

I_

Number
1978
1979

Volume (M3)
1978
1979

244
0

66
3

58
0

336
1

69

58

337

244

82

730

-86

73
5
3

275
50
25

81

746

59
27

59
33

370
288

297
198

86

92
231

658

495

1741

1089

2
2

241

1

15

-

-

350

 Chart 10

II

ENVIRONMENTALMANPOWERSUMMARY
(MAN YEARS)

1977
IMPERIAL 01L LIMITED

FULL
TIME

18

LOGISTICS

1978

PART FULL
TIME TIME

21.5

MARKETING

24

PART FULL
TIME TIME

9.4

REGION ENV. ADVISORS

6

ENV. PROT.DEPT.

4

RESEARCH

2
2

1
3

EXPLORATION/PROOUCTION

9

18

MINERALS
HEAVY 0 1L/ COLD LAKE(l)

1.5
42.5

ESSOCHEMICAL

1979

18.5

16

I

PART
TIME

II

33.5

8.9
6
4
1.0
3

8.6
6
4
2

1.5
5

II
II

0.5
3.7

3

ESSORESOURCES
CANADA
LIMITED

0.5

9
1
5

53.4

53

95.9

II

1.3

7.5
7.5
9.5

2.25

35.2

55.5

47.55

88.2

103.05

(1) SYNCRUDEIN 1979 - 38 MAN YEARS

Chart 11

COSTOF ENVIRONMENTALRESEARCH
Cost
Sponsor
/Project

Nature

COLD LAKE

BIOPHYSICALDATA

MIDWEST LAKE

BIOPHYSICALDATA

S.R.A.(EXXON)

CODE 500 (GEN.ENG.)
POLLUTINGPROCESSES
POLLUTING PRODUCTS

P.R.A. (EXXON)

FATE+ EFFECTSOF OIL,
CLEAN UPTECHNOLOGY

SARNIA LAB

IMPROVING PROCESSES

A.P.0.A.

N.A.

PACE

Al R QUALITY
H.C. LEAK DETECTION

UNIV. RES.GRANTS 12 PROJECTS

1978
670,000

1979
s 530,000
1,104,000

200,000
600,000
300,000
176,000

200,000
700,000
300,000
138,000

385,000
1,140,000

365,000
340,000

38,000
58,000

40,000
67,000

s

EXXONOIL SPIL L
RESPO
NSE
TOTAL

35,000
$3,567,000

I
I

$3,819,000

II
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 ~
~

Chart 12

~
ENVIRONMENTALCAPITAL
EXPENDITURES

I

(SM)

DEPARTMENT

1978

1979

-1980

1981

LOGISTICS
MARKETING
ESSOCHEMICAL

19.8
2.5
0.9

15.5
2.5
1.0

9.7
3.1
10.6

7.2
2.8
3.5

2.5
11.1
3.3
0.7
40.8
9.7

12.6
34.2
3.3
1.3
70.4
·10.5

14.2 14.1
31.6 21.0(1)
1.4
1.4
0.8
1.3
71.9 50.8
8.6 4.0

1982 1983

~I

[

2.4
2.6
1.1

5.0
2.7
1.1

ESSORESOURCES
PRODUCTION
EXPLORATION
HEAVY OIL
MINERALS

% NET CORP.PCB

~

16.0 17.0
22.0(1)20.0(2)
1.4
1.4
45.5

47.2

(1) 1979FORECAST
(2) ESTIMATE

Chart 13

PACE (1978, 1979)

- 13 MEMBER COMPANIES
- 9 R&D PROJECTSCOMPLETED
- 11 PROJECTREPORTS,3 GUIDELINE
BULLETINS
- 7 BRIEFS TO FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
- REFINING INDUSTRY WASTE SURVEY
COMPLETED
- AIR EMISSIONSSURVEY FOR 1978 UNDERWAY
- MAJOR OIL SPILL PLAN WITH M.O.T. STARTED

 ~
Chart 14

~

·~
ENVIRONMENTALASSOCIATIONS
10L SHARE(S)
1978

1979

APOA

1,140,000

340,000

PACE

101,000

77,000

LAMBTON

58,700

78,400

LAVAL

39,500

60,900

BURRARDCLEAN

37,300

44,500

ESRA

~

~
~
~

256,000
1,376,500

856,800

I
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~
Chart 15

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
COMMITTEE(1978-79}
- SEVEN MEETING IN 1978, SIX IN 1979
- BENZENE TASK FORCE PERFORMEDINTERNAL
AUDIT OF PERSONNELEXPOSURELEVELS
- ALL IMPORTANT ENVI RONMENTAL
LEGISLATION REVIEWEDFOR IMPLICATIONS
- REVIEWEDAND ENDORSEDMAJOR OIL
SPILL PLANS
- INITIATED ANO APPROVEDCOMMUNICATION
PLAN AND MANUAL RE-TOXICS
- TOXIC SUBSTANCEINVENTORY TAKEN
- ALL MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL INCIDENTS
REVIEWED

I
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 Chart 16

EXXON 01L SPILL RESPONSEACTIVITIES
- AFFILIATES ACCEPTEDRECOMME
NDATIONS:
• SPILL SIZE - AF Fl LIATE
- EXXON

< 10KB
< 10KT

• NEED STOCKPILES - S20MM
- OIL SPILL - 3(1}
- SALVAGE - 1
• FORM INTERREGIONALASSISTANCETEAM
• INTERFUNCTIONALRATHER THAN SOLELY MARI NE
• FORM EXXON {AND AFFILIATE) CORPORATED.S. COMMITTEE
• NEED R&D EFFORT
• UPGRADECONTINGENCY PLANS
• APPROACHSENIOR MANAGEMENT OF MAJORS
(1)

EUSA BELIEVE PLAN BASED ON NON-DEDICATED RESOURCES
CAN REPLACESTOCKPILE.

, Chart 17

EXXON OIL SPILL PROGRAMME
ACTION ITEMS FOR IMPERIAL
1. CORPORA
T E ENDORSEMENT.
2. ESTABLISH CORPORATEINTERFUNCTIONAL
0 IL SPILL COMMITTEE.
3. INITIATE REVIEW OF CONTINGENCY PLANS.
4. DEFINE INVOLVEMENT IN EXXON TEAM.
5. ESTABLISHMECHANISMFOR OIL SPILL
RESEARCH
- EXXON
- INTERNAL
6. FOLLOW DEVELOPMENTOF EUSA PLAN.

 Chart 18

IMPERIAL HEAD OFFICE
INTERFUNCTIONALOIL SPILL COMMITTEE
ROLE STATEMENT

1. INTERACT WITH EXXON

2. PROVIDE CORPORATEGUIDANCE IN EMERGENCY
3. APPROVE INTERFUNCTIONAL INVOLVEMENT IN
DOMESTICMAJOR COOPERATI
VES

4. EVALUATE AND APPROVE OIL SPILL R&D
- DOMESTIC
- EXXON

5. APPROVEFINANCIAL ANO MANPOWER
COMMITMENTS
- EXXON
- DOMESTIC

6. ENSUREPERFORMANCE

Chart 19

IMPERIAL HEAD OFFICE
COOPERATEINTERFUNCTIONAL
OIL SPILL COMMITTEE
MEMBERSH
IP
1) CHAIRMAN - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECT
I ON
COOROINATOR
. 2) MEMBERS - FUNCTtONALAGM'S
- LOGISTICS
- MARKETING
- PRODUCTIO
N
- LAW
- OTHERSTAFF GROUPS
AS REQUIRED
3) SECRETARIATE- ENVI RONMENTAL PROTECTION
COORDINATION

 /

Ch a rt 20

EXXONOIL SPILL RESPONSE
ACTIVITIES
FINANCIAL COMMITMENT
• IMPERIAL WOULD PAY ANNUAL FEE
$K

1. R&D PROGRAMME
2. SALVAGEPACKAGE
3. OPERATl ON AND MAJNTENANCE

150
120
100
370

4. W. HEMISPHERE
EQUIPMENT PACKAGE (1)

325

(1) DEPENDfNG ON OUTCOME OF EUSA
NON-DEDICATED RESOURCESCONTI NGEN.CY
PLAN - LOWPROBABILITY.

Chart 2 1

INTERNATIONAL OIL SPILL COOPERATIVE

SCHEDULE
ESTABLISH COMMITTEES
WORK GROUP

JUNE 1980

COMPLETE WORK GROUP
PROPO
SALS

OCTOBER 1980

REVIEW ANO APPROVE

NOVEMBER 1980

Fl NALIZE AGREEMENTS
/SIGN

JANUARY 1981

 Chart 22

STATUSOF INDUSTRYCOOPERATIVES
- MAJORSPILLS(UPTO 10KB)
- MAJORREGIONALCOOPERATIVES
NEEDEDIN
PARTICULARLYSENSITIVEAREAS
- BURRARDIN LET
- GREAT LAKES
- MONTREAL/ST. LAWRENCE RIVER
- ATLANTIC REGION
- EXXON EXPECTAFFI LIATESTO HAVE 10KB
CAPABILITY

Chart 23

ADVISORYCOMMITTEEONPOTENTIAL
ENVIRONMENTALHEALTH HAZARDS
FUNCTION
- EXAMINE RESEARCHFl NOiNGSWITH
MEDICAL DI RECTORY
- ASSESSHAZARD RISK
- RECOMMENDED
TO OPERATINGMANAGEMEN
TS
A) AVOIDANCEOF USE
B) REFORMULATION ORSTOPPRODUCT
ION
C) CHANGETO *0 .E.L.
D)PROCESS
AND/ OR ENGINEERING CHANGES
*OCCUPAT
I ONAL EXPOSURELIMIT