POLLUTION IS EVERYBODY' S BUSINESS

'
H. R. HOLLAND
Engineering
Division
Lo g i stics
De par t men t
S a rnia , Ont a rio
January
30, 1970

 - 2 I NTRODUCTION

f

The Oxford
"the

destruction

providing

of

purity

protection

to

is

"the

addition

of

in

such

quantity

that

so · suffers

dictionary
or
our

matter

the

system

an undesirable

of

the

a foreign
the
so

became
and

the

Indians

was small

great

pollution
Indians

could

repeating

were
- the

men - the

end

p l ains

l.

of the

Pollution
critical

2.

For

the

and

adjust

to

rifles

and

.

: for

the

their

nomadic

of

became

example

occurs
level

of

of

which

pollutant
the

buffa l o van i shed,

system

successfully

their

th e ir

of

the

arms

the

and

of

the

for

were

primitive
Then

buffalo

of

for

the

and

four

this

for

agriculture
the

white

was polluted,

results

life;

the

interference

- e xtinction;

way of

were

Fortunately,

of

the

buffalo

Indians

presence.

t he degree

buffalo

our

the

fate

en vironment.

il l ustrates

when
to

definition

adjust

Typically

available

pollution

any given

components

to

vanished

varied

This
aspects

cannot

The environment

herds

to

a n eco logical

herds,

of

intolerable.

to

To these

addition

men came with

relation

a better

the

plains.

herds

as

In

, consider

hostile

the

pollution

change."

and

number
that

great

sanctity".

environment,

foreign

As an example
herds

defines

most

the
white

settlement
important

environment:
foreign

addi tion

the

total

the

susteptibility

environment

varies

the

grass

buffalo

reaches

e nvironment

a specific

cannot
of

considerably.
flourished.)

the

adjust.

individual
(The

.

 -

3.

The

- 4 -

3 -

localized

Table
1
ESTIMATED GLOBAL EMI SSI ONS OF SOME AIR POLLUTANTS

high

concentrations

of

pollutants
COMPOUND

which

cause

poll u tion

of man augmented
wav es

and

are

fires

from

natural

far

below

the

it

affec

pollution
with

are

natural

.

However,

critical

his

in

of

to

as

total

dwarfs

the

e ruptions

*S02

, tidal

production

as

concentrations

conscious

a beach

to

a naturalist

flower;

to

of

closed
it

is

because
the

mainly

thinks

of

*S04
Totals
Compounds

All Sources
Natural
"

*N02

*N20

Combustion
Biological
Combustion
Biological
Biological

Total
N
Compounds

All Sources
Natural
Sources

*CO

Combustion
Sources
Incineration
Forest
Fires
Marine - Undetermined

*H2S

bird

or

sociologist,

slums

or

Since
species,
it

the

--

that

to
it

only

maintain
can

processes

an asthmatic,
juvenile

--

to

means
course

the

of

addition

essential

protection

very

complex

and

engineering

more
social

which

There

to

our

are

no completely

action

and

skills

questions

organization.
satisfactory

from
in

at

of

a species

to

a

in which
are

to

such

opposing

interests

are

130

306
230

16.1 x 106 as
150
3. 5
4900
410

Action
Action
Action

this

extremely
our

since

·* *CO2

large

Oxidation
of Plant
Animal Matter
Combustion

and

involved.

221 x 106 as
25
11
but

very

C

large

and
150 , 000
4,500

scientific
but

economics,

To many of

5480
5460

levels

even

Total
C
Compounds

All Sources
Natural
Sources

154 , 757
150 ,000

law and

these

questions

References:

*

legitimate
**

but

3
30
70

prevent

man.

inadequate

answer

affected

by natural

providing

are

in

is

destroyed

environment

many areas

the

ma tter

encountered

unresolved

political

or

to

man ' s environment

knowledge

pose

and

ther e is

.

of

foreign

assimilated

The problems

spell;

disaster

satisfactory

protect

8

Sources

delinquency.

pollution

be diluted,

51 x 106 ass
11
3

products

contamination

disappearance

a choking

T/YR.

of

*NH3
of

EMISSION

- coal
- petroleum
Petroleum

Refining
Smelting
Industr i al
Marine
Terrestrial
Marine

usually

pollution

e . g . a swimmer

Combustion

of

levels.
is

SOURCE

activities

man ' s contributions

the

own int eres ts;

terms

sewage;

the

Fortunately,

The i ndividual

ts

due main ly
phenomena

sources

Tabl e No . 1.

in

4.
as

by such

forest

pollutants
shown

episodes

Gaseous
Natural

Atmospheric
Pollutants
from Urhan and
Sources
- Robinson
& Robbins , APCA 69 - 155.

Carbon Dioxide
Affects
Global
Ecology - E . K. Peterson,
P. 1162 - Environm en t al Sci e nce and Technology,
November,
1969,

N

 - 6 -

-

LEGAL CONTROLS ON POLLUTION

5 -

A problem
The costs
be very

la r ge,

not

on individual

freedom

Conunission

be slow

protection
is

is

condition,

will

be provided
the
to

be

must
e nt

wi l derness
all

visitors

$8,000

areas

will

tanks

also·

restr

Water

cannot

i ctions

on private

of

such

magnitude,

(In

the

case

so
of

progress
the

long

Lakes

and Ontario

be protected

as

the

resu l t of

but

not

preserved.

be preserved

wi l l have

to

i n their

be denied

present

t y as

of

a whole

on pollution

the

as

complexity

basis.
requires

and

importanc

The protection

of

establishment

of

the

on other

moment,

provinces.

e
the

t his

a nti - social

control

lies

The effectiveness

of

acts.
mainly

their

in

grasp

the
varies

considerably.
Ontario

and

has

organizations.

soi l are

located

with

in

the

Division

of
and

Hea lth,

which

h as

staff

contro

being,

This
their

is

resource

has

that

development

air,

and

authority

organized

best
wat er

Resource

the

Hea lth

Clean

are

legislati
largely

Serv ices

Environment

on and
in

a low priority

a nuisance

largely

in

start.

adequate

pol i ti~al

are

Energy

the

closely.

ous

has

is

gu ard

Environmental

a newly

assigned
it

a valid

problems

of

development

has

B.C . is
of

the

si nc e the i r problems

l on t he basis

hazard.

in

hewan

Quebec

to

ms and

.

made a vigor

Saskatc
skeleton

agencies

concentrated

mainly

Mani toba
Conunission

proble

Department

has

i s following

entrance.

largest

budgets

Alberta
Department

the

Separate

reasonable

these
Perhaps

size,

on a voluntary

At the

Management
that

socie

controls

control

, 000,000.)

can

of

essential

as man
Erie

with

~

hands

Nevertheless,

environment

interests
legal

boats

be dealt

such

~

Resources

example.

the

be emphasized
can

additional

be made .

for

price.

in

holding

a task

environm

but

sewage

in

and mistakes

so l utions

The Ontario

Inevitably,

estimated

a few remote

action.

for

the
but

a typical

to pay

the

dollars

is

It
efforts,

of

reaching

acconunodation

can

prepared

this

in

requirement

wit h sleeping

will

only

of

of

rdth~r

dec~ s ion,

since

the
to

a

f utu re .
pollution

than
for

a he alth
the

time

in ternal.

ev olv i ng a system

balancing

agai ns t the

of

n eeds

the

environmental

necessity
protection.

 - 7 -

The Maritimes

and

Newfoundland

have

adequate
The y hav e led

legislation

but

municipal

are

sewage

handicapped

is

a rnaj or

Where
been

a reasonable

of

funds.

Control

of

1

problem.

there

degree

by lack

are

of

interprovincial

cooperation

problems,

- the

prairie

there

1

has

fo r gas
operat

sha r ing

the

North

and

South

of

Resource

Saskatchewan

Council

Ministers

successfully.

is

It

has

sp onsored

a vehicle

two major

the

management,

the

Up to

latter

now,

dealing

the

federal

of

debate

to

research

and

advice

in

Arctic

the

.

The International

Joint

waters

a n d flora

from

conferences

Canada

and

the

has

been

clearly

such

of

the

expand i l).g the

confined

handles

waters,

Migratory

Birds

, and

of

acts

as

those

lish ed

federal

ju risdiction

in

National

Harbours

have
fields.

a number

of

specific

changes

in

the

to
Recently

there

have

been

s ignificant

the

sovereignty

and

the

protection

of

the

delicate

arctic

damage

d ue to

the

dev e lopment

of

t h e oil

The Department

of

National

Health

and Welfare

is

nat i onal

air

q uality
what

monitoring

governing

body

n et work .
has

jurisdiction,

pollution

is

obtained

by licensing

the

sources

institutions

or

industries)

to

discharge

wi th

wastes

the

by the

ambient

provided

that

they

comply

contr

n g agency.

such

o lli

aLmosphere,

the

receiving

the

standards

standards

water

may apply

body

or

the

wast e

federal
facility

handling

mainly

effluent

or

solid

wa stes

or

Th ere

are,

to

the

composition

:
of
(1)

The Canada

Wat er

Act , given

first

r eading

the

individual

for

massive

federal

fields

and

wat e r quality

entry

into

water

resource

management.

While

the

pollut

i on

and
provinces
control

ha ve been
costs,

Log for

in
King

(2)
emphasized

the

crying
this

case

for

federal

they

sharing

may find

of

that·

they

water
have

vulnerability

t
Canyon
of

and
the

Santa

Barbara

environment

disasters

to major

quite

properly,

differences

in

the

requirements

of

the

various

amount

agencies
of

the

since

they

wastes

and

to

dilute,

neutralize

of

federal

in t ervention

or

must

take

th o capacity

digest

them.

i nto
of
One of

account
the
the

the

receivi
potent

nature
ng system
ia l dangers

exchanged

Stork.

The Torrey

both.

the
licensing

of

to

in
considerable

November , 1969 , provides

King

a

area.

env i ronment

disposal
approach

of

is

on
established

estab

establishment

there

problems
to

Navigable

addition,

such

international

Conunission

U.S . A . while

In

banning

i ng

on

(municipalities,
between

Georgia.

and

drill

attaining

control
s itu ations

Erie

con t inued

pollution.

role

exc ept

Lake

on the

No matter
mainly

of

n g the

'l'he

for

na t ional

with

Waters

Straits

vigorous

(3)
resource

inv es tig a tion s approvi

Canadian

in

continuing

resources
s uch cooperation.

the

i ons

fauna
Canadian

in

to

provinces
over

are

8 -

ha v e

catastrophes.

standards.

is

the

imposiLion

of

uniform

but

inappropriat

e

 -

9 -

-

DEVELOPMENTOF CRITERIA,

OBJECTIVES AND STANDARDS

Criteria
concentrations

of

'l'hey must

take

receiving

systems

combin at ions

of

are

account

and

the

the

based

on the

damage

are

crit

are

app l ied

to apply
of
the

to

the

the

concentrations

receiving

the margin

.

without

of

safety

depending

is

of

system

be exceeded

be varied

are

i nd ividual

involves
human

betwee n the

with

l ,

enforceable

of

pollutants

discharges

the

whole

system.

waste

receiv

in g ca pacity

proble

e crit

limits
.

of

the

it

is

possib
the

system

between

are

the

key to

determination

obtaining

presents

logical

values

me t,

Pro visio

desig

the

critl!ria

n of shelter

operation
essential.

and control

all

regulations
for

solid

belts

to

of

ins ects

governing
waste

screen

disposal
what

, rodents,

economic,

is

are
at

odours,

best

mainly

aesthetic.

an unsightly
litter

and

noise

on the
that

singly

process.

of

judgement

common data

ned research

will

\

1

personal

subject

to

and

can

e liminate

additional

perceptions

of

and

air

en easy

r ences

nor

a

adopt
due

Only

to

tim e and

problems.

amb ient

which

of

must

diffe

objectives

from

- political,

Many people

pollution

far

by epidemio-

d o occur.

these

so

lev els

neither

that

because

smoking

agencies

pressures

individual.

has

cigarette

is

there

provided

safe

the
so

of

magnitude

combinations

tio ns

developed.

pollutants

subjects,

However,

best

been

profession,

in complex

as

although

air
of

the

of

as well

solved

of

water

numbers

have

order

effects

investiga

for

large

for

determining

and

animal

on their

legal

criteria

Th e medical

The development

a i r and wat e r pollution

viruses.

stake.

reliable

is

of

fate

a much h i gher

and

som e unique

been

of

follows

interpretation

well

control

have

volun tee r experimental

both

based

very

techniques

of

agreement

studies

criteria
If

It

completely

me ans

ms:
(1)

reach

contaminants

le

effect

to

at

of

on huma ns.

on the

Usu al ly th ey

, but

They are in

e ria

Their

millions

the

Establishment

is

criteria

to be considered

problems

over

ish ing
are

effective

health

difficulties
h ea lth

There

but

uncertainty
(3)

seri ous

on socia

most

establ

qualities

be protected,

still

failed

legally

waste

by law .

to

of

solvable.

and water

Th ey are

the

poll ut ion

but

fauna

uses

various

sources.

over

are

of

The problems

formidable

flora,

individual

considerations.

Reliabl

are

the
action

maximum

in

conce ntra tions

t hem to

sharing

the

ca nn ot

can

Sta ndards

are

of

reinforcing

However,

and economic

maximum allowable

ti vi ty

are

in pollution.

Fortunately,

which

and criteria

political

result

, (2)

critical

.

f rom pollution.

objectives

determined

exceeded,

sensi

acceptable

e ria

if

possible

pollutants

which

scientifically

which

Objectives
pollutants

the

pollutants

into

10 -

develop

introduces

the

sociological
highly

complications

because:
1.
one

aspect

of

thus

an angler

they

ea t too

It

sometimes

e nvironm ental
might
many

fish

leads
protection

advocate
-

to

from

intense
to

the

e radication

his

point

of

preoccupation

the

neglect
of

view

of

with
all

Mergansers
an emin en tly

others,
because
sensible

 -

- 11 -

suggestion

, but

one
Since

2.

the

type

of

attribute
the

the

pollution

respon

"us"

guaranteed

where

which

s ibility

to

result

in
This

in the

following

issue

of

the

some

has

and

geometric

Journal

of

the

They

may not

they

will

wait

for

fast

as

the

50,

of

or

know what

skies

the

a detailed

e ven
the

in diluting

large
aid

of

and

environment

to

and

.

computers.

the

and

will

as

and well

If

disc uss ed

a and

proposals

by

cubic
than

be ad opted

meter
the

and

skies

for

annual

next

stat

mean .
then

don't

digesting

objectives

a technical

problem

system
the

at

and

ve ry

poorly

and

waste

sys tem s ca n be sim ulated

of

.
the

total

go hom e to

the

process

problem
of

employment

str e ams.

an enjoya

Fortunately,

successfully

wi th

of

urbanization

parks
ble

and

expensive.
Detr oit
to

to

2000

such

population

accommodate

A.O.

suggest

15 million

Expo

show

to

Pittsburgh

of

a satisfacto

shares

is

ry
an

people

environment

the

only

can
eve n

unhappy

effects

of

.
one

important
and

with

religious
in

phas e of

enhancement

in

housing,

e ducation

relations

, trans-

being

e s sential

,

to

atmos ph ere .

b e very
Edison

e d a minimum
people.

co mpl ex

oth e r hand , present

an environment

will

A great

Washington.

67 that

physical

recreation
urban

.

compl e xes

protection

and

The Ooxi adis-Detroit
in

is

It

an d stimulating

expanding

great

environments

, ra ce

Providing
rap idly

the
at

cit i es

.

access

Chicago

On the

environmental

oppor tuni ties

requires
processes

density.
U.S.

cities

l arger

, provision

planned

Pol lut i on control
the

It

a well

in population

A.O.

of

plann e d and deteriorating

But

into

in

in

an even

was demonstrated

many large

e.

clea r as

It

increase

people

from

component

population
in

La .kes
2000

the

f rom Bosto n to

su ch a prospect

each
.

the

continue,

Great

protecting

rap id

stretches

Montr ea l in

orderly

high

portation,

ambient

receiving

lower

in

the

of

trends

within

conditions

be back . "
of

envi ronment

be happy
air

of existing

a geometric

the

the

b eyond

e from

already

population

emb ra ce

aris

problems

concentration

With

phenomena

sampling

per

is,or

present

urg en t necessity

disturbing

time

incr eas ing

Janu ary , 1 970
Association

to sound

And when

basically
of

unattainable

the

e nt

in our

megalopolis

and

micrograms

numb e rs

, they ' ll

comp lex

the

involvem

U.S.A.

the

cr iteri

10 l ess

clear

is

knowl edge

involved

can

association:

60 micrograms

their

to

standards

the

a microgram

that

th ey expect

e nt

than

Control

listening

The translation
.efflu

he

The fundamental

personal

in

now witnessing

demanding

demand

the

Pollution

of

citizens,

or

in

an editorial

Air

a director

then

mean,

rather

of unwarranted

from

bas ed on study

quality,

for

st rongly,

"they"

int ense

occurred

excerpt

ntentioned

standards

most

vague

such

already

"We are
well-i

r esponsible

eastern

establishment

Mr. A. Ii . Phelps,

of

is

URBANIZATION AND ALTERNATIVES

lovers.

belongs.

the

criteria.

bird

rarely

he objects

Unfortunately,
can

enrag e all

individual

to

it

to

12 -

in

difficult
studi
cost

the

face
and

of

a

very

e s on Metropolitan
of

240 billion

dolla,

 - 14 - 13 WHAT I S IMPERIAL OIL DOING?
In
serio

u s consid

era tion

in the

U. S.A.

i n the

development

of

l arger

.hand l e the

the

For

and more
immediate

light
is

Canada
of

of

being
there

these
given
are

the . mi d - Canada

capab l e units

of

prob lem s more

and
to

similar

popula

additio
project
municipa
effectively

studies,

t ion

The official

stabilization

n al

a l ternativ~

and

th e evo lu tion

l gov er nme nt

of

Imperial

Oi l Limited

policy

is

"Imp erial
of

to

all

country

.

Canadians
' s air,

pub li c interest

for
water
is

a)

on env ir o nmental

expresse
Oil

d in

and

its

the

co ns ervation

and

soil

b est

.

the

following

employees
of

the

the

env ironm e nt

sta t ement .

share

the

quality

'l'he company

belie

ser ved by regulations

provide

pro t ec tion

of

v es

concern
the

that

that

appropr

i ate

p rotection

of

the

at

least

possible

cost

to

the

the

the

economy
b)

are

based

developed
c)

from

methods

t reat

of

p l ace
In

it

is

the

the

all
to

of

comply

with

pollut

implement

a ir,

and

operations

i on

appropriate

exist

to p rovid e such

l

deve l op and

water

gover nmental
and

soil

agencies.

conserv

a tion,

company ' s pol i cy
to

\

data

mate ri als

with

f ie ld

qua l ity

control

eq u itably

co n trol

environmental

tim e to

whic h contribute
e)

for

adequate

prov i de reasonable
the

d)

o n standards

environment
eco nom ical
to

as
ly

ing

~1 d iti
is

onal

technica

protection
lly

of

feasible

t he

and

practical

encou r age , support

e stablish

regulations

s t andards

impro ve me th ods

of

a n d con du ct
of

qual i ty

measurement

research

and

to develop

and

control

to
and

 ..,.,.
- 16 - 15 We ca nnot
to

co-operate

prote

with

cti on of

control

the

agencies

other

groups

environmen

working

t,

, technical

such

expendi

on

as

universit

societies

and

increase.

i es,

ambient

anticipat

and

to

to

keep

make

p ublic

in

designing

minimize

contro

l ling

pol lu tion.

primarily

to

additional

Thus

in

prevent,

substantially

to
for

t h e refineries

period

or

the

and

purpose
plants

of

the

th e control
failure

still

objectives
is
they

made

occur.

, standards
to anticipate

frequently

facilities.

operating

t he Company

to

e s and

1967

en v ir onm e nt,
40% of

These

to

and

include:

engaged

in

activities

these

Then

the
that

too,

regulations

these

and
and

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upsets,

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and

time

expenditures

cushion
money

are
.

and

is

in

Waste

an

not

periodic
So far
th eir

to

adjust

as

spent

the

and
changes

possible

effect.
the

to

be maintained

the

must

dec rease

.

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be more

if
each

difficult

and

one.
massive

supports

designed

capita

l expenditures,

financially
to

a wid e range

protect

the

environment.

Disposal
Publications

Education
Cooperation

in

products

cont i nuing

t h ese

with

human
in

:

, an attempt

However ,
control

a nd Training

Technical

i n tended

co mp li ance

accidents

increase,

production

these

or

density

will

of

a substantial

of

rate

to

Operations

t ed

sum was

ial

preceeding

addition

expect

th e rate

Research

i ntended

contribu

a l though

this

projects

is

in

Design

while

which

of

Oi l is

unit

emi ssion

the

In

about

equipment

pollution

than

reduction

rather

industr

quality

Research

except

requ i re

1960

on plants

groups,

regulations

expensive

the

mainly

per

in

any

but

and

rate

reduction

.

As a resu l t of
efforts

more

planning

and

e xpressed
of

eliminate

About

.

long - range

officials

been

the

prot ect ing

in

purpose,

environmental

Imperial

operations

spent

them

this

emission

successive

requirements

."

ne w process

reduce

control

government

the

, 000 was

that

for

pol i cy has

in

invested

$28,000

pr i marily

i nformed
this

pollution

pro vision

employees,

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and

$1 6 ,0 00,0 00 was

e fu tu re

for

As population

a llowable

trade

associations
to

t ure

foresee

i n order
invest

to

i gations

with
is

reduce
fall

into

Those

whi ch are

concerned

(bl

Those

which

are

confined

(c)

Those

whi ch are

common

This
cooperative

r esea rch

information

and

such

as

the

money

American

last

to
which

Petroleum

on processes

major

with

a single

the

the

c l asses

usually
which

Inst.itute.

General

process

the

.

Company .

try .

takes

th e Company

i s d ir ected

or

of

indus

.

t and

:

pla nt

operations

whole

, equipmen

fo r pollution

three

to
to

.

potential

category

project
but

conducted
their

(a}

_.

Governments

the

fo rm of

a

contributes

by a tr ade

associat

i on

ly

 _..
- 17 To the
dq.,ne by Company
industrial

personnel.

consultants

specialized

in

es sent ia l for
availab

l e to

effects

of

collect

major

all

t tec hniques

in

of

is

the

is

- 18 -

mad e of

more

{b)

Exchang e of

highly

Waste

affiliates

and

with

They

of

situated.

th e

data

are

on the

and minimizin
This

invol

Company

departmen

ts

g

not

o nly

reasonable

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comp l ies

l ag e nci es

with

flexibility

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current

to

ensure

ves:

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ca pital

to

meet

but

and

equ ipm e nt

with

a nd operating
are

the

cost

usually

desired

.

in

Expend itu res
the

range

a dvant age

pollution.

of

at

on protec
5 to

of

l committees

Association

, Canadian

has

of

future

ti ng the
tota

of

pollution

l

is

th e capability

Particular

s t ress

of
in

the

placed

op e rating

equipment

crews
to

on eme rg ency

to

coni:rol

ta ke

of

of

also

of

the

where

between

the

for

technical

on a

--

Oil

, Canadian

environmental
Heat

Chemical

' Association,

on facts
of

i es

protection

of

Manufa cturers

examp l e .

societ

problems

associations

the

is

jour nals

representatives

with

responsibility

unit

effective

has

public

the

th e technical

As sociation

the

operation.

a nd Regina

efficient

dealing

Canadian

a prime

in

work

Standards

Semi-technical

articles

publications.

(b)

Supplying

reliab

(c)

Ta l ks

•

Vancouver

i a l and trade

Company

(d)

the

area

dea l with

of

e tc .

the

problems

Company.

This

is

and

other

by :

to

service
of

industr

the

to

and

differences

papers

Th e Company

Association,

d i scharged

minimurn

101 of

in

.

for

cos t.
Opera tio ns a nd Training

f ull

capab i lity

of

environment
technica

of

at

designed

by design

considerable

Education

also

foreseeable

very

needs

t he development

protection

(a)

e nvironm ent
capital.

the

number

requi r ements.
(d)

to

are

be eliminated

e nvironment

contribute

tha t the

regulations

capacity

the

participation

Producers
wi th

are

of

processes

particular

and active

of

.

Cons ultation

cannot

the

There

Disposal

Publication

literature.
other

meet

They also

i s based

d ischarges.

must

which

requirements

agencies.

wastes

wastes

in cooperative

mea sur es .

and

technical

experience

These

and processes

losses

spills
the

quality

governmental

equipment

ip ates

centres.

o f control

avoiding

of

partic

on the

refining

design

accidental

search

data

interested

for

Careful

plant

work

iv e use

staffs

th e Company

wh ich

th e proper

{a)

(c)

university

addition,

Design

the

extens

the

those

several

'
lates

poss i ble,

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and

agencies

env i ronment

are

extent

fields.
In

industrial

maximum

Discussions

the

Imperial

l e background

students
clubs

in

in

and
of

high

socia

data

Oil

Review

to

th e news

sc..,ioo l s and

universities

media.
and

to

l groups.

new processes

and

control

measures

of

information

with

Company

employees.

procedures.

Cooperat
men t agencies
to

s everal

establishment
industrial

and

the

committees
of

i on and exchange
universities
dealing

objectives

participation

are
with

maintained

research

th ese

phases

was

govern-

by supplying

programmes

fo r environmental
in

with

quality
stressed

and
.

members

the

The need
in

the

guide

for

 .,-A

- 19 -

- 20 CONCLUSION
lines

from

the

conference
These

protect

the

Imperial
ty

of

Oil
the

senior

'

the

Environmental

representative

concerned

W1der the

"Pol l ution

widespread

environment
or

on

from

use

of

from

activities

damage

Imperial

Quality
each

chairmanship

and

designed

due

to

products

Conunittee.
of
of

the
the

Our Environment".

the

This

the

Environmental

pollution

we have

of

and

so

of

this

the

very

brief

problems

consideration

encou ntered

of

in

the

effects

controlling

it,

far

responsibili-

consists

depar tments

of

to

operations
are

In

defined

a

the

reviewed

directly

terms

and

th e current

the

areas

Canadian

hui:nan involvement

of
legal

system

for

control
discussed

Protection

Coordinator.

the

processes

of

establishing

control

standards
looked
the

at

all

pollution

as

encompassing

a component

of

environmental

urbanization,

problem

of

our

tim e .
considered
as

th e activities

they

are

designed

We come then
of

the

title

"Pollution

is

Pollution
all

of

needs

it
and

eac h and
the

'it

ts

desires
all

of

society

respon
the

resul

s ibility

disposal

of

multitude

sa nction
all

which

the

that

consume.

We use,

a pound

of

waste.

of

company

environment.
the

statement

because

men working

to sa tisf

we may not

activities.

Yet
them,

pol lu tion

essentially

approve

as members

we must

accept

th e desirable

and

caused

by the

y the
of
of

improper

wastes.
accept

in

of

consequences,both

matte r cannot

involved

of

inc l ude the

emp loy,

the

' s business

s and encourages

th e inevitable

statement

everybody

As individuals,

men.

protect

large

Business".

of

We must

new material

Everybody's
is

one

an examination

activities

for

undesirable

to

f rom the

this

which

to

of

also

be created

change,
the

the

effective
or

transform,

activities

of

validity

destroyed.
but
man,

for
the

of

the

We do not
every
end

pound

product

of
is

 - 22 -

- 21 -

' (5 )
It
and prevent
occur

as

tha t

the

the

follows,

gradual

then,

changes

wast e products

that
in

we cannot

the

accumulate

.

eliminate

environment

We can,

waste

r es pon s ibility.

whi ch will

however,

see

when we act

to

possible
to

the

and that

wastes
their

environment

are

made

disposal

which

is

as

avoids

inert

an d innocuous

the

catastrophic

It
to

do so .

as

pollution

are

Neverthe

l ess , we can

make important

encountered

frequently
solve

perso n al

damag e

in

beyond

them

controlling

our

th rough

contributions

is

one of

reached

which

(2)
ge ne rally

but

not

powers

and

as

ser i ous

collective

action

.

and

litter

not

and

properly

usually

urbanization

slums,
and

that

that

- very

la r ge , very

no simple,

single

the

bu t not

present

prov i de

for

pollution

which

- education
religious

is

the

that
of

there

solution

- cause

are

pollutants
Therefore

that
great

, housing,
intolerance,

canno t be neglected.

th e safe

that

of

with
can

pollutio

f or

of

n

concer n

many aspects
and

of

contaminants

precipita

pollution

is

e nv ir on mental
race

civic

our
which

t e action

relations,

etc . - arc

also

o n ly

is

on e portion

problem

of

.

The o th er

employment

, pover ty

of

our

our

individu

al

noise

disposa

l of

sewage,

garpage

processes

to

avoid

smoke

and

emissions

pride

in

the

design

manners

in

using

and maintenance

ci ties

Disp l ay good

.

Accepting

be co n trolled

t rash

exercise

complex , very

levels

catastrophic

understood.

to be avoided
(4)

aspects

is

effects

accept

e verybody's

by

con v inc in g others

Appreciating
the

will

and e xc essive

othe r ob j ectionable

can

hysteria.

environment

we must

c ont ro l combustion

individuals

.

Realizing

(3)

are

there

overnight

are

and

"gr eat " problems

- to

expensive
be

the

Lear n ing

a n d it

is

to:

prevent

of
(1)

As a start,

r esponsibility

and
abating

an d yours,

pollution

pollution.

The problems

'

i s mine

ba si s th at

it
personal

una voidable

Act in g on the

vi ta l importance

•

du e consideration
others

.

of

the

our
rights

e nvironm en t
and desires