Phase I Intensive Archaeological Survey of Proposed Fence Improvements at the DNR Lee Tract, Section 4, T98N-R48W, Lyon County, Iowa by Shawne K. Osborne and David J. Stephenson Project Archaeologists John F. Doershuk and Stephen C. Lensink Co-Principal Investigators Contract Completion Report 1175 The University of Iowa Office of the State Archaeologist Iowa City 2004 Table of Contents Page Figures iv Tables iv Introduction 1 Project Area Description 2 Archaeological Assessment 3 Summary and Recommendations 4 References Cited 5 Appendix I: National Archeological Data Base Form 16 Figures Figure Page 1. Project location. 6 2. Project location in relation to surrounding topography. 7 3. Project location in relation to soil type. 8 4. Detail map of northern portion of project area showing subsurface test locations. 9 5. Detail map of southern portion of project area showing subsurface test locations. 10 6. Upper: photo of northern portion of new fence line area, view is to the south. Lower: photo of Site 13LO317, view is to the north. 11 7. Upper: photo of Disposal Area 1, view is to the south. Lower: photo of Disposal Area 2, view is to the east. 12 8. Upper: photo of central portion of new fence line area, view is to the south. Lower: photo of Disposal Area 4, view is to the northeast. 13 9. Upper: photo of southern portion of new fence line area, view is to the south. Lower: photo of Disposal Area 5, view is to the east. 14 Tables Table 1. Page Soil Profiles of Auger Tests. 20 iv A Phase I intensive archaeological survey was conducted by the Office of the State Archaeologist of Iowa at the location of proposed fence improvements, Section 4, T98N-R48W, Lyon County, Iowa. The 2-ha project area was investigated through the excavation of thirtytwo bucket auger tests and ground surface inspection. No previously recorded archaeological sites are located within the project area. One site, designated 13LO317, was newly recorded adjacent to a new fence construction area. Site 13LO317 represents the extant architectural and potential buried archaeological remains of a farmstead. As Site 13LO317 is located outside the current project area, no further archaeological work is recommended at this time. However, should additional plans impact this resource, additional Phase I archaeological testing to determine the subsurface integrity of Site 13LO317 is recommended. Introduction The University of Iowa Office of the State Archaeologist (UI-OSA) has prepared this report under the terms of a cultural resource survey agreement between the UI-OSA and the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. This report records the results of a Phase I archaeological investigation conducted at the location of proposed new fence construction, fence line removal, and disposal area excavation in the W½, NE¼; E½, NW¼; the E½, SW¼; and the W½, SE¼ Section 4, T98N-R48W, Lyon County, Iowa (Figures 1, 2). The project area is located between the east-west running 210th and 220th Streets in Lyon Township, 7.2 km (4.5 mi) northwest of the town of Inwood. The project plans include the removal of an existing series of fences, the construction of a new fence, and the excavation of five disposal areas for the burying of the removed fence lines. Fence removal activities will be in accordance with Item 32 of the operational procedures of the SHPO-DNR agreement (J. Joens, personal communication, 2004). These procedures include hand removal of fence wire and where possible cutting of existing fence posts at ground level, thus negating any adverse impact to the surrounding surface or subsurface. Prior to archaeological survey a model of landscape potential was created to guide subsurface testing. The model was based on inspection of aerial photos, soil maps, and the project area USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle. Subsurface testing was targeted at more level portions of the project area and avoided steep slopes or likely areas of post-settlement alluvium accumulation. The ultimate decision as to the appropriateness of subsurface testing at specific locations along the new fenceline construction areas was made by the crew in the field based on actual ground conditions encountered. The field investigation included pedestrian survey of 2,300 m of existing fenceline and 1,030 m of proposed new fence construction where the landform proved steep and eroded, plus excavation of auger tests at 15 m intervals for 300 m of new fence construction in areas deemed by the field archaeologist to have archaeological potential. Lastly, five 20-x-20-m proposed disposal pit locations were subjected to auger testing and walkover survey. The total area surveyed is ca. 2-ha (4.96 acres). The purpose of the survey was to locate any possible cultural materials within the project area and determine whether any significant resources would be affected by the proposed activities. The Phase I investigation was conducted June 8–10, 2004, by Shawne Osborne. Shawne Osborne prepared the text for this report, David Stephenson prepared the graphic images and contributed to the text, and John Doershuk was the project director and report editor. The UI-OSA is solely responsible for the interpretations and recommendations contained in this report. All records including maps and figures are curated at the UI-OSA. The National Archeological Data Base Form is included as Appendix I. 2 Project Area Description REGIONAL The proposed project is located within the Iowa landform region known as the Northwest Iowa Plains (Figure 1, inset). The area is transitional to the high plains region of the Dakotas, and consists of gently rolling hills bearing a thick mantle of Wisconsinan-age Pisgah and Peoria Loess. The loess is underlain by glacial till: in the eastern part of the region by early Wisconsinan Sheldon Creek Formation drift; and in the western part by the Pre-Illinoian Wolf Creek and Alburnett formations. Paleosols associated with the Pre-Illinoian drifts were stripped away during Wisconsinan-age erosion episodes. Rolling landscapes and well established drainage networks characterize the region (Prior 1991:34–35, 76–80). Holocene alluvial valley fills in Iowa are subdivided on the basis of lithology and stratigraphic relationships into the Gunder, Corrington, Roberts Creek, and Camp Creek members of the DeForest Formation (Bettis and Littke 1987). Gunder Member alluvium and Corrington Member alluvial fans may contain Paleo-Indian through Woodland components; Roberts Creek Member deposits may contain Late Archaic through early historic components; and Camp Creek Member alluvium may contain buried and unburied historic archaeological components, and may bury older surfaces. LOCAL The project area is located between the east-west running 210th and 220th Streets in Lyon Township, 7.2 km (4.5 mi) northwest of the town of Inwood. The general project setting includes variably steep topography comprised of uplands, side slopes—some moderately or more eroded—and a north-south running intermittent stream valley. A large constructed farm pond is in the south half of the general project area in this valley. Several soil types are mapped within the project area, including Ackmore silty clay loam, Colo silty clay loam, Crofton silt loam, Davis loam, Egan silty clay loam, Millington loam, Moody silty clay loam, Steinauer clay loam, and Terril loam (Figure 3). Ackmore series soils are very deep, somewhat poorly moderately permeable soils formed in alluvium on flood plains. Colo series soils are very deep, poorly drained soils formed in non-calcareous silty alluvium. Crofton series soils are very deep, well drained soils that formed in calcareous loess. Davis series soils are very deep, well drained to moderately well drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in loamy soils on foot slopes, fans, and high bottoms. Egan series soils are very deep, well drained, moderately to moderately slowly permeable soils that formed in silty sediments overlying glacial till. Millington series soils are very deep, poorly drained, moderately permeable soils formed in calcareous alluvium on flood plains. Moody series soils are very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in loess. Steinauer series soils are very deep, well drained, moderately slowly permeable soils that formed in calcareous glacial till. Terril series soils are very deep, moderately drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in loamy local colluvium/alluvium on foot slopes, alluvial fans, and stream terraces of till plains. The native vegetation for each series was prairie grasses. Marsh was also native vegetation for Millington series soils (Dankert and Hanson 1978; United States Department of Agriculture 2004). At the time of the survey, ground cover within the investigated portion of the general project area (Figures 4–5) ranged from a cultivated bean field with 80 percent visibility to native grasses or cultivated winter wheat, where the surface visibility ranged from zero to 20 percent. Access to the project area is via 210th Street to the north or 220th Street to the south. The nearest perennial water source is the Big Sioux River, located 0.6 km (0.4 mi) to the west. 3 Archaeological Assessment METHODS The records of the Iowa Site File at the UI-OSA, the National Register Information System web site (National Park Service 2004), the 1875 Andreas atlas (1970), and Lyon County atlases and histories (Alden 1911) were reviewed for this survey. The General Land Office survey map of 1858 was also consulted (Office of the Secretary of State 1981), as were federal census returns for Lyon County (United States Bureau of the Census 1910, 1920, 1930). The project area (Figures 4–9) was investigated for archaeological materials through ground surface inspection (0–80 percent surface visibility) and the excavation of 32 20-cm diameter bucket auger tests. These tests were excavated in 20-cm levels and screened with ¼-inch hardware cloth. Test depths ranged from 20 to 100 cm below ground surface. The rocky nature of the local soils resulted in one test being terminated prior to reaching a sterile deposit. All other tests penetrated sterile basal deposits. RESULTS Historic maps evidence no former structures within the proposed project area. No NRHP-eligible properties are listed in the project area. No previously recorded archaeological sites are located within the project area. Two archaeological sites are located within one kilometer of the project area. Site 13LO408, a mound group of unspecified type, is located 0.8 km (0.5 mi) to the west of the project area, in the uplands immediately east of the Big Sioux River. The mounds, described as they were found in 1981, exhibited excellent integrity. Shirley Schermer conducted an archival investigation in 1986 and recommended a field check when possible to assess the mounds’ integrity. These mounds were not investigated during the present survey. Site 13LO407 represents a lithic scatter 1 km (0.6 mi) west of the project area. A representative soil profile for the project area includes 15 cm of a very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam underlain by 15 cm of dark brown (10YR 3/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles and manganese flecking. This soil was underlain by 15 cm of brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with manganese flecking which lay above yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt subsoil, also with manganese staining. The soil profiles encountered during the project subsurface testing appear to match the descriptions of those mapped in this part of Lyon County recorded as Official Soil Series Descriptions by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (Dankert and Hanson 1978; United States Department of Agriculture 2004). As planned, augers were generally successfully placed were less erosion has taken place. None-the-less, no prehistoric artifacts or features were discovered. One auger test (AT 4), yielded several items of cultural material (Table 1) of generally unspecified historic-to-modern origins. This auger test is located along the proposed new fence construction corridor in the northeast corner of the general project area directly west of an existing—though no longer occupied—farmstead, designated 13LO317 and described more fully below. Site 13LO317 Site 13LO317 (Figures 4, 5 Lower) is located in the SE¼, NW¼, NW¼, NE¼ of Section 4, T98NR48W, Lyon County, Iowa, at an elevation of 1,390 ft NGVD. One soil type is mapped within the site boundary, Egan silty clay loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes, moderately eroded. The nearest perennial water 4 source is an unnamed pond 80 m to the northwest. The Big Sioux River is located 1 km (0.6 mi) to the west. Site area encompasses an area measuring 80-x-80-m in extent (.64 ha). Site 13LO317 represents a historic farmstead. The farmstead is represented architecturally by a minimum of four extant buildings: one barn, a possible residence, and at least two additional outbuildings, all in various states of disrepair. A depression north of the westernmost outbuilding may represent a well or cistern location. This building is located ca. 10 m east of the current project area and will not be adversely affected by the proposed fence construction. The site is currently used as a cattle pasture. Several auger tests (AT 3–6) were excavated in the vicinity of Site 13LO317. Auger Test 4 was located within a drainage area, approximately 10 m west of the westernmost outbuilding, and yielded two fragments of clear bottle glass, one sherd of undecorated white-pasted earthenware, one wire nail, and one coal fragment, probably reflecting downslope movement of artifacts via water flow in the drainage from the site area. Wire nails post-date 1890 (IMACS 2001); none of the other artifacts are time diagnostic. No artifacts were recovered from AT 3 or AT 5–6, located north and south, respectively, of the drainage. No archaeological evidence of features were identified in any of these subsurface tests. One pre-1940 plat map is available for Lyon County. This map, dated to 1911, shows no buildings in the vicinity of Site 13LO317. The landowner in that year is identified as A. Danielson (Alden 1911). This is likely Anna Danielson, aged 71. Anna lived in her son Ludwig’s household. Anna and Ludwig were born in Norway. Ludwig’s wife Nickolina was American-born of Norwegian descent. In 1910, and again in 1920, the Danielsons were enumerated in Lyon Township, Lyon County. Anna died sometime between 1920 and 1930. In 1930, Ludwig, Nickolina, and their youngest son Harold (then aged 19), were enumerated in Inwood Township (United States Bureau of the Census 1910, 1920, 1930). Summary and Recommendations The 2-ha project area was investigated for archaeological materials through the examination of the surface and excavation of 32 bucket auger tests. No previously recorded sites exist within the project area. Archaeological materials were recovered from one subsurface test and one historic property was defined: Site 13LO317 represents the extant architectural and potential buried archaeological remains of a farmstead. As Site 13LO317 is located outside the current project area, no further archaeological work is recommended at this time within the project areas surveyed. However, should current project plans change to possibly impact this resource, additional Phase I archaeological testing is recommended. No technique is completely adequate to locate all archaeological materials, especially deeply buried ones. Therefore, should any cultural, historical, or paleontological resources be exposed as part of proposed project activities, the responsible agency must be notified immediately in accordance with the Protection of Historic Properties regulations of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation [36 CFR Part 800.13(b)]. If human remains are accidentally discovered, Iowa burial law [Code of Iowa, Sections 263B and 716.5; IAC 685, Ch.11.1] requires that all work in the vicinity of the finding be halted, the remains protected, local law enforcement officials notified, and the Burials Program Director at the Office of the State Archaeologist contacted immediately (319-384-0740). Archaeologists with the General Contracts Program at the OSA (319-384-0724) and the State Historical Society of Iowa (515-281-4358 or -8744) are also available to consult on issues of accidental discovery. 5 References Cited Alden 1911 Standard Atlas of Lyon County, Iowa. The Alden Publishing Company, Chicago. Andreas, Alfred T. 1970 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the State of Iowa. Reprinted. State Historical Society of Iowa, Iowa City. Originally published 1875, Andreas Atlas, Chicago. Bettis, E. Arthur III, and John P. Littke 1987 Holocene Alluvial Stratigraphy and Landscape Development in Soap Creek Watershed, Appanoose, Davis, Monroe, and Wapello Counties, Iowa. Open File Report 87–2. Iowa Geological Survey Bureau, Iowa City. Dankert, Wayne N. and Laurence T. Hanson 1978 Soil Survey of Lyon County, Iowa. Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. IMACS 2001 Intermountain Archeological Computer System Users Guide. Prepared by the University of Utah, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, and the U.S. Forest Service, Salt Lake City. National Park Service 2004 National Register Information System, National Register of Historic Places. ParkNet: http://www.nr.nps.gov/nrishome.htm. National Park Service, Washington, D.C. (June 14, 2004). Office of the Secretary of State 1981 1858 plat maps of T99N-R48W. Office of the Secretary of State. WPA copy of original survey plat maps (3 volumes). State Archives, Iowa State Historical Department, Division of Historical Museum and Archives, Des Moines. Microfilm on file, Office of the State Archaeologist, Iowa City. Prior, Jean C. 1991 Landforms of Iowa. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. United States Bureau of the Census 1910 Thirteenth Census of the United States 1910 Population. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1920 Fourteenth Census of the United States 1920 Population. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1930 Fifteenth Census of the United States 1930 Population. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. United States Department of Agriculture 2004 Soil Survey Division, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Official Soil Series Descriptions. Available URL: http:// soils.usda.gov/ technical/ classification/osd/index.html. (June 14, 2004). 6 T E T- 24 20 19 21 26 25 30 K10 A18 29 23 K12 22 GRANITE 28 24 9 36 31 32 33 34 21 20 L A R 26 27 29 35 LARCHWOOD 31 36 NW C H 28 25 A18 35 19 32 33 9 6 5 4 O 3 1 2 6 F 182 7 8 C 9 E N 10 T E N N 16 K1215 S 17 11 I A 14 O A26 12 7 13 18 A26 U T H T-99N L L 5 4 8 9 17 16 O G K20 KLONDIKE 21 22 K12 23 27 28 26 24 19 20 21 2 25 30 29 28 2 33 K203 A34 PROJECT LOCATION D A K O T A 33 4 T-98N 25 19 30 BELOIT Y K14 10 16 15 31 36 31 32 A34 K12 1 2 O N 11 12 6 5 182 K12 7 17 18 20 32 22 28 27 23 26 A50 ek Cre 33 10 I C H L 16 15 A42 INWOOD 21 29 3 9 R 13 14 4 8 18 A50 36 35 3 L 9 24 34 K14 34 Nelson 24 19 K16 25 35 20 30 36 21 29 31 28 32 22 K20 27 33 34 BIG SIOUX RIVER 18 R-48W PROJECT LOCATION K R-47W 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 Miles 5 Kilometers Figure 1. Project location. From General Highway and Transportation Map, Lyon County, 2002. Inset after Prior (1991). 7 N PROJECT AREA 13LO317 Survey Area Archaeological Site 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 Meters 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Feet Figure 2. Project location in relation to surrounding topography, from USGS Canton 1978, 7.5’ series quadrangle map. Scale 1:24,000. 8 Figure 3. Project location in relation to soil type. From Iowa Cooperative Soil Survey Digitization of Lyon County, 1999. 9 N + FARM ROAD AT 3 AT 1 AT 4 + DISPOSAL AREA 1 WHEAT FIELD + AT 2 SURFACE VISIBILITY ZERO PERCENT + AT 6 E LINE (WALKED) + + WHEAT FIELD 14 40 ’ CORN FIELD SURFACE VISIBILITY ZERO PERCENT ’ AT 10 AT 11 + + ’ 136 0 ’ 70 13 STEEP ’ PROPOSED NEW FENCE LINE 0’ 13 8 14 00 ’ 13 90 14 10 ’ 14 20 ’ 30 14 + SURFACE VISIBILITY 80 PERCENT 143 AT 12 AT 14 0’ ’ 1420 AT 13 TREES AND BRUSH 14 40 ’ ERODED DISPOSAL AREA 4 PROJECT BOUN DARY ERODED STEEP (W ALK IS+ TIN ED GF ) EN CE + L IN E AT 9 EX EXISTING FENC AT 30 AT 7 AT 8 Interm ittent Stream + 13LO317 AT 5 1410’ AT 15 1340 + ZERO PERCENT SURFACE VISIBILITY STEEP TREES AND BRUSH ERODED ’ 00 14 1390’ 1380’ 1370’ ’ 1350 1360’ ZERO PERCENT SURFACE VISIBILITY + ’ KEY = Positive Auger Test + + ’ 1330 = Negative Auger Test = Proposed New Fence Line + FEET 0 0 METERS Figure 4. Detail map of northern portion of project area showing subsurface test locations. 800 200 10 + STEEP + 0’ 139 GRASS + GRASS AND TREES + (WALKED) + DISPOSAL AT 16 AREA 2 70 ’ 13 60 13 ’ 50 ’ 1340’ 13 50 ’ PROJECT BOU + 0’ 136 ERODED 13 STEEP + NDARY AT 17 0’ 37 80’ 13 ’ + + (WALK ED ) + 13 30 ’ 13 40 WHEAT FIELD AT 18 SURFACE VISIBILITY AT 19 ZERO PERCENT AT 20 AT 25 AT 21 DISPOSAL AREA 3 AT 26 AT 22 FARM POND AT 23 PROPOSED NEW FENCE LINE 12 80 ’ + + (W A LKE D ) + ERO DED + + STE EP 13 20 ’ 13 13 10’ 12 00’ 90 ’ + + + AT 24 + + 0’ T + ING FENCE L INE ( WA L KED) + 13 9 ZERO PERCENT SURFACE VISIBILITY 1 EXIS 0’ 13 80 ’ 140 ZERO PERCENT SURFACE VISIBILITY ERODED DISPOSAL AREA 5 ’ 10 AT 32 14 AT 31 N + 1400’ AT 27 GRASS AND TREES ZERO PERCENT SURFACE VISIBILITY AT 28 AT 29 220TH STREET Inte KEY t tten rmi = Negative Auger Test am Stre = Proposed New Fence Line 1270’ FEET 0 0 METERS Figure 5. Detail map of southern portion of project area showing subsurface test locations. 800 200 11 Figure 6. Upper: photo of northern portion of new fence line area, view is to the south. Lower: photo of Site 13LO317, view is to the north. 12 Figure 7. Upper: photo of Disposal Area 1, view is to the south. Lower: photo of Disposal Area 2, view is to the east. 13 Figure 8. Upper: photo of central portion of new fence line area, view is to the south. Lower: photo of Disposal Area 4, view is to the northeast. 14 Figure 9. Upper: photo of southern portion of new fence line area, view is to the south. Lower: photo of Disposal Area 5, view is to the east. 15 Table 1. Soil Profiles of Auger Tests. Auger Test No. Depth Description ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 0–30 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy clay loam with gravel and cobbles 30–45 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy clay loam with brown (10YR 4/3) mottles and gravel 45–50 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles, very gravelly 50–60 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles, very gravelly Gravel impasse at 60 cm 2 3 4 (13LO317) 0–30 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy clay loam with gravel 30–50 cm Black (10YR 2/1) to very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay loam with faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) mottles, much less gravel 50–70 cm Very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy clay loam, some gravel 70–100 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy clay loam with faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) mottles, increased gravel, iron oxide 0–10 cm Very dark gray (10YR 3/1) to very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with some gravel, iron oxide 10–30 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles, gravel, iron oxide 30–60 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles, some gravel, calcium carbonate 0–35 cm Very dark gray (10YR 3/1) to very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with some gravel, iron oxide. Two clear bottle glass fragments, one sherd undecorated white-pasted earthenware, one wire nail, one piece of coal 0–20 cm. No diagnostic artifacts, not saved. 5 6 35–55 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles, gravel, iron oxide 55–60 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles, some gravel, calcium carbonate 0–5 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) to dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam with dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles, gravel 5–20 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam with gravel 0–5 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with gravel 5–25 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles, gravel 16 Table 1, Continued. Auger Test No. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Depth Description 25–40 cm Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles, gravel 40–50 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam with gravel 0–5 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with less gravel than AT 6 5–25 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles, gravel 25–45 cm Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles, gravel 45–60 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam with gravel 0–5 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with gravel 5–25 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles, gravel 25–40 cm Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles, gravel 40–50 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam with gravel 0–5 cm Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles, very gravelly, compact 5–20 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam with gravel 0–5 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with brown (10YR 4/3) mottles 5–20 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles 20–40 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam with manganese 0–5 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with brown (10YR 4/3) mottles 5–20 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles 20–30 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam with manganese 0–15 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with dark brown (10YR 3/3) mottles 15–45 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with dark brown (10YR 3/3) mottles 45–60 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt with calcium carbonate 17 Table 1, Continued. Auger Test No. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Depth Description 0–5 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with dark brown (10YR 3/3) mottles 5–25 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with dark brown (10YR 3/3) mottles 25–40 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt with calcium carbonate 0–5 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with dark brown (10YR 3/3) mottles 5–25 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with dark brown (10YR 3/3) mottles 25–40 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt with calcium carbonate 0–10 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with dark brown (10YR 3/3) mottles 10–40 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam with dark brown (10YR 3/3) mottles 40–50 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt with calcium carbonate 0–5 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam 5–20 cm Dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam with brown (10YR 5/3) mottles, gravel 20–30 cm Brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam with dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles, iron oxides, manganese 30–40 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam with iron oxides, manganese, calcium carbonate 0–5 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam 5–25 cm Dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam with brown (10YR 5/3) mottles, lots of gravel 25–40 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam with iron oxides, manganese, calcium carbonate 0–25 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam 25–45 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam with manganese 45–60 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt with manganese 0–15 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam 15–30 cm Dark brown (10YR 3/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) manganese 30–45 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with manganese 45–60 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt with manganese 18 Table 1, Continued. Auger Test No. 20 21 22 23 24 25 Depth Description 0–15 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam 15–25 cm Dark brown (10YR 3/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) manganese 25–45 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with manganese 45–60 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt with manganese 0–15 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam 15–25 cm Dark brown (10YR 3/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) manganese 25–45 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with manganese 45–60 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt with manganese 0–15 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam 15–25 cm Dark brown (10YR 3/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) manganese 25–45 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with manganese 45–60 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt with manganese 0–10 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam 10–20 cm Dark brown (10YR 3/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) manganese 20–30 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with manganese 30–40 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt with manganese 0–10 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam 10–20 cm Dark brown (10YR 3/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) manganese 20–30 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with manganese 30–40 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt with manganese 0–10 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam 10–25 cm Dark brown (10YR 3/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) manganese 25–40 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with manganese 40–50 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt with manganese 19 Table 1, Continued. Auger Test No. 26 27 Depth Description 0–10 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam 10–25 cm Dark brown (10YR 3/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) manganese 25–40 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with manganese 40–50 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt with manganese 0–25 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam 25–45 cm Dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam with gravel Gravel impasse at 45 cm 28 29 30 31 32 0–25 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam 25–40 cm Dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam with gravel 40–60 cm Dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy silt with light gray (10YR 7/1) mottles 0–20 cm Dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy clay loam with gravel 20–40 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) sandy clay loam with gravel, iron oxide, and manganese 40–60 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clayey sand with gravel, calcium carbonate 0–15 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dark brown (10YR 3/3) mottles 15–40 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) to dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam with manganese 40–60 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt with light gray (10YR 7/1) mottles 0–10 cm Very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam 10–20 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam 20–40 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles 40–50 cm Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles and manganese 50–70 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam with manganese 0–10 cm Very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam 10–20 cm Very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam 20–40 cm Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles 40–50 cm Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) silt loam with very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles and manganese 50–70 cm Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam with manganese 20 Appendix I Database Doc Number: ________ National Archeological Data Base - Reports: Data Entry Form 1. R and C #: 2. Authors: Publication Date: 3. ====== 4. Report Title: Title: Volume #: Publisher: Place: ====== 5. Unpublished Sent from: Sent to: Contract #: ====== 6. Federal Agency: ====== 7. State: County: Town: ====== 8. Worktype: ====== 9. Keyword: Shawne K. Osborne and David J. Stephenson 2004 Phase I Intensive Archaeological Survey of Proposed Fence Improvements at the DNR Lee Tract, Section 4, T98N-R48W, Lyon County, Iowa. Contract Completion Report Report #: 1175 NTIS: Office of the State Archaeologist, University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Iowa Lyon Inwood 31 [PHASE I] 0-Types of Resources/Features 1-Generic Terms/Research Questions 2Taxonomic Names 3-Artifacts Types/Material Classes 4-Geographic names/Locations 5-Time Periods 6-Project name/Study Unit 7-Other Keywords 4.96 acres Northwest Iowa Plains Historic farmstead ===== [ 7 ] Big Sioux River Basin [4] [3] [4] [] [] 21 10. UTM Zone: ====== 11. Township: Range: 15 15 15 15 Easting: Easting: Easting: Easting: Northing: Northing: Northing: Northing: 98N 48W Other Publication Types 12. Monograph Name: Place: 13. Chapter In: First: Last: 14. Journal Volume: 15. Dissertation Degree: Issue #: PH.D. LL.D. M.A. 16. Paper Meeting: Place: 17. Other Reference Line: ====== 18. Site #: ====== 19. Quad Map #: 13LO317 Canton 1978 First: M.S. B.A. B.S. Last: Institute: ISSN: ____________