Directors Report V1 Appendix to the Director’s Report Policy Crosswalk Comparing Current Comprehensive Plan with Mayor’s Recommended Comprehensive Plan May 2016 Urban Village and Urban Design Element (recommended to be the Growth Strategy Element) Current Current Language New # GSG1 GS1.1 GS1.2 GS1.3 UVG1 Respect Seattle’s human scale, history, aesthetics, natural environment, and sense of community identity as the city changes. 1 New Language Continue to have meaningful opportunities for all people in Seattle to contribute their thoughts and aspirations to City processes that develop growth plans and related regulations. Enlist Seattle residents and businesses to help prepare plans that guide growth, City government activities, and City services so that the outcomes reflect the public’s values and concerns. Develop and implement practices to reach historically underrepresented communities and to aid their participation in decision-making processes. Maintain an updating process for this Plan that is predictable and transparent to the public, with opportunities for public involvement. Notes New, carries forward some aspects of UV8 and UV G9 New, carries forward some aspects of UV8 and UV G9 New, emphasizes equity and carries forward some aspects of UV8 and UV G9 New, carries forward some aspects of UV8 and UV G9 UVG2 UVG3 UVG4 Implement regional growth management strategies and the countywide centers concept through this Plan. Promote densities, mixes of uses, and transportation improvements that support walking, use of public transportation, and other transportation demand management (TDM) strategies, especially within urban centers and urban villages. Direct the greatest share of future development to centers and urban villages and reduce the potential for dispersed growth along arterials and in other areas not conducive to walking, transit use, and cohesive community development. GS 2.7 GS G3 GS G4 UVG5 UVG6 UVG7 Accommodate planned levels of household and employment growth. Depending on the characteristics of each area, establish concentrations of employment and housing at varying densities and with varying mixes of uses. Accommodate a range of employment activity to ensure employment opportunities are available for the city’s diverse residential population, including maintaining healthy manufacturing and industrial areas. Use limited land resources more efficiently and pursue a development 2 GS 2.5 Promote levels of density, mixed uses, and transit improvements in urban centers and villages that will support walking, biking, and use of public transportation. Accommodate a majority of the city’s expected household growth in urban centers and urban villages and a majority of employment growth in urban centers. (Figure 2 shows the estimated amount of growth for each urban center, and Figure 3 shows the estimated growth rate for different categories of urban villages.) Plan for a variety of uses and the highest densities of both housing and employment in Seattle’s urban centers, consistent with their role in the regional growth strategy. Encourage infill development in under- GS G3 and GS G4 carry forward aspects of existing UVG4 and UVG5. UVG8 UVG9 pattern that is more economically sound, by encouraging infill development on vacant and underutilized sites, particularly within urban villages. Maximize the benefit of public investment in infrastructure and services, and deliver those services more equitably by focusing new infrastructure and services, as well as maintenance and improvements to existing infrastructure and services, in areas expecting to see additional growth, and by focusing growth in areas with sufficient infrastructure and services to support that growth. used sites, particularly in urban centers and villages. GS 2.2 GS 2.9 GS G1 Collaborate with the community in planning for the future. 3 Encourage investments and activities in urban centers and urban villages that will enable those areas to flourish as compact mixed-use neighborhoods designed to accommodate the majority of the city’s new jobs and housing. Distribute public investments to address current inequities, recognizing the need to also serve growing communities. Continue to have meaningful opportunities for all people in Seattle to contribute their thoughts and aspirations to City processes that develop growth plans and related regulations. GS 1.1 Enlist Seattle residents and businesses to help prepare plans that guide growth, City government activities, and City services so that the outcomes reflect the public’s values and concerns. GS 1.2 Develop and implement practices to reach historically underrepresented communities and to aid their participation in decision-making processes. GS G1, GS 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 carry forward the intention of existing UV G9. UVG10 UVG11 UVG12 UVG13 UVG14 UV1 UV2 Increase public safety by making villages places that people will be drawn to at all times of the day. Promote physical environments of the highest quality, which emphasize the special identity of each of the city’s neighborhoods, particularly within urban centers and villages. Distribute urban villages around the city so that communities throughout the city have easy access to the range of goods and services that villages are intended to provide. Encourage development of groundrelated housing, which is attractive to many residents including families with children, including townhouses, duplexes, triplexes, ground-related apartments, small cottages, accessory units, and single-family homes. Provide parks and open space that are accessible to urban villages to enhance the livability of urban villages, to help shape the overall development pattern, and to enrich the character of each village. Promote the growth of urban villages as compact mixed-use neighborhoods in order to support walking and transit use, and to provide services and employment close to residences. GS 1.3 Maintain an updating process for this Plan that is predictable and transparent to the public, with opportunities for public involvement. GS 2.6 Plan for development in urban centers and urban villages in ways that will provide all Seattle households, particularly marginalized populations, with better access to services, transit, and educational and employment opportunities. Distribute public investments to address current inequities, GS 2.9 Promote conditions that support healthy neighborhoods throughout the city, including those conducive to 4 This new language carries forward some aspects of the existing UV2.5 helping mixed-use urban village communities thrive, such as focused transportation demand management strategies, vital business districts, a range of housing choices, a range of park and open space facilities, and investment and reinvestment in neighborhoods. In areas surrounding major transit hubs, except in industrial zones, allow densities sufficient to take advantage of significant investment in public transportation infrastructure. Use incentive zoning programs and other strategies to help ensure the provision of affordable housing. GS 2.1 GS 2.10 UV3 GS 2.3 Consider the following characteristics appropriate to all urban village categories except Manufacturing and Industrial Centers: 1. Clearly defined geographic boundaries that reflect existing development patterns, functional characteristics of the area, and recognized neighborhood boundaries. 2. Zoning sufficient to accommodate residential and employment growth appropriate for that village. 3. The ability to accommodate a range of employment or commercial activity compatible with the overall function, character, and intensity of development specified for the village. 5 recognizing the need to also serve growing communities. UV 2 and UV 2.5. Designate places as urban centers, urban villages, or manufacturing/industrial centers based on the functions they can perform and the densities they can support. Establish urban centers and urban villages using the guidelines described in Growth Strategy Figure 1. Establish boundaries for urban centers, urban villages, and manufacturing/industrial centers that reflect existing development patterns; potential access to services, including transit; intended community characteristics; and recognized neighborhood areas. The new language in GS 2.1, 2.3, 2.10, 2.11, 2.12 and Figure 1 (see end of this Element Crosswalk) carries forward aspects of the existing UV3, UV 4, UV5, and UV6. 4. Zoning that provides locations for commercial services convenient to residents and workers and, depending on the village designation, serving a citywide and regional clientele. 5. Zoning sufficient to allow a diversity of housing to accommodate a broad range of households. 6. Zoning regulations that restrict those public facilities that are incompatible with the type of environment intended in centers and villages. 7. Most future households are accommodated in multi-family housing. 8. Additional opportunities for housing in existing single-family areas, to the extent provided through neighborhood planning, and within other constraints consistent with this Plan. 9. Public facilities and human services that reflect the role of each village category as the focus of housing and employment and as the service center for surrounding areas. 10. Parks, open spaces, street designs, and recreational facilities that enhance environmental quality, foster public health and attract residential and commercial development. 11. A place, amenity, or activity that serves as a community focus. 12. Neighborhood design guidelines for use in the City’s design review process. GS 2.13 6 Provide opportunities for marginalized populations to live and work in urban centers and urban villages throughout the city by allowing a variety of housing types and affordable rent levels in these places. This new language carries forward an aspect of the existing UV3. UV4 Consider the following characteristics GS appropriate to Manufacturing and 2.15 Industrial Centers: 1. Clearly defined geographic boundaries that reflect existing development patterns, functional characteristics of the area, and recognized neighborhood boundaries. 2. Zoning sufficient to accommodate the employment growth targets established for that center. 3. The ability to accommodate a range of industrial activity compatible with the overall function, character, and intensity of development specified for the center. 4. Zoning regulations that restrict those public facilities that are incompatible with the type of environment intended in manufacturing and industrial centers. 5. Public facilities and human services that reflect the role of each center as a focus of employment. 7 Designate areas as manufacturing/industrial centers consistent with the following characteristics and with the Countywide Planning Policies: • Existing zoning that promotes manufacturing, warehousing, and distribution uses • Zoning that discourages uses that pose short- or long-term conflicts with industrial uses, or that threaten to convert significant amounts of industrial land to nonindustrial uses • Zoning that strictly limits residential uses and discourages land uses that are not compatible with industrial uses • Buffers that protect neighboring, less intensive land uses from the impacts associated with industrial activity (provided by generally maintaining existing buffers, including existing industrial buffer zones) • Sufficient zoning capacity to accommodate a minimum of ten thousand jobs • Relatively flat terrain allowing for efficient industrial processes • Reasonable access to the regional highway, rail, air, and/or waterway systems for Existing UV4 was edited to become GS 2.15 and GS 2.16. GS 2.16 UV5 UV6 Consider suitable for urban village designation areas where: 1. Natural conditions, the existing development pattern, and current zoning are conducive to supporting denser, mixeduse pedestrian environments where public amenities and services can be efficiently and effectively provided. In some instances, the urban village designation is intended to transform automobile-oriented environments into more cohesive, mixed-use pedestrian environments, or within economically distressed communities to focus economic reinvestment to benefit the existing population; 2. Access to transportation facilities is good or can be improved; 3. Public and private facilities, services and amenities, such as parks, schools, commercial services, and other community services, are available, or can be provided over time; and, Existing public infrastructure has capacity or potential to accommodate growth. GS 2.11 Establish clearly defined boundaries for centers and urban villages that reflect existing development patterns, functional characteristics of the area, and recognized neighborhood boundaries. Use boundaries to guide development activity, monitor growth and other development conditions, and evaluate performance towards meeting neighborhood and comprehensive plan GS 2.1 GS 2.12 GS 2.3 8 transportation of goods Use zoning and other tools to maintain and expand existing industrial activities within the manufacturing/industrial centers. Permit various sizes of urban villages based on local conditions, but limit sizes so that most places in the village are within walking distance from employment and service areas in the village. Include the area that is generally within a tenminute walk of light rail stations or very good bus service in urban village boundaries. Designate places as urban centers, urban villages, or manufacturing/industrial centers based on the functions they can perform and the densities they can support. Establish boundaries for urban centers, urban In addition to GS 2.11, see also Figure 1 at the end of this crosswalk. See the new language in GS 2.1, 2.3, 2.10 and 2.11 and also Figure 1 at the end of this crosswalk. goals for services and amenities. villages, and manufacturing/industrial centers that reflect existing development patterns; potential access to services, including transit; intended community characteristics; and recognized neighborhood areas. GS 2.10 GS 2.11 UV7 UV7.5 UV8 In order to support the existing character of areas outside of urban villages, and to encourage continued investment in all of Seattle’s neighborhoods, permit areas outside of urban villages to accommodate some growth in a less dense development pattern consisting primarily of singlefamily neighborhoods and limited multifamily, commercial, and industrial areas. Coordinate public and private activities to address transportation, utilities, open space and other public services to accommodate the new growth associated with subarea rezones (e.g., in transit station areas) that result in significant increases in density. GS 2.4 GS 1.1 Involve the public in identifying needs for, planning, and designing public 9 Establish urban centers and urban villages using the guidelines described in Growth Strategy Figure 1. Permit various sizes of urban villages based on local conditions, but limit sizes so that most places in the village are within walking distance from employment and service areas in the village. Coordinate planning for transportation, utilities, open space, libraries, and other public services to meet the anticipated growth and increased density in urban centers and villages. Enlist Seattle residents and businesses to help GS 1.1, GS 1.2 and GS 1.3 carry forward some facilities, programs, and services. Encourage and provide opportunities for extensive public involvement in City decisions, and encourage other agencies to provide similar opportunities. GS 1.2 GS 1.3 UV9 UV10 UV10.5 UVG15 Preserve developments of historic, architectural, or social significance that contribute to the identity of an area. Maintain and enhance retail commercial services throughout the city, especially in areas attractive to pedestrians and transit riders, to support concentrations of residential and employment activity, with special emphasis on serving urban villages. Encourage the location of grocery stores, farmers markets, and community food gardens to support access to healthful food for all areas where people live. Guide public and private activities to achieve the function, character, amount of growth, intensity of activity, and scale of development of each urban village consistent with its urban village designation and adopted neighborhood plan. 10 GS 2.14 prepare plans that guide growth, City government activities, and City services so that the outcomes reflect the public’s values and concerns. Develop and implement practices to reach historically underrepresented communities and to aid their participation in decision-making processes. Maintain an updating process for this Plan that is predictable and transparent to the public, with opportunities for public involvement. Support convenient access to healthful and culturally relevant food for all areas where people live by encouraging grocery stores, farmers’ markets, and community food gardens. aspects of UV8 and UVG9. UV11 UV12 UV13 Based on the functions and densities they can support, designate categories of urban villages in order to guide planning for the mixed-use environments that are smaller or less dense than the urban center designations of the Countywide Planning Policies as follows: 1. Urban center villages within urban centers 2. Hub urban villages 3. Residential urban villages The intended functions of the urban village categories are generally: • Urban centers, and the urban villages within them, are intended to be the densest areas with the widest range of land uses. • Hub urban villages will also accommodate a broad mix of uses, but at lower densities, especially for employment, than urban centers. • Residential urban villages are intended for predominantly residential development around a core of commercial services. • Manufacturing/industrial centers are intended to maintain viable industrial activity and promote industrial development. Designations of areas as hub urban villages and residential urban villages, as indicated in Urban Village Figure 1, shall be consistent with criteria developed to address the following factors: • existing zoned capacity • existing and planned density • population • amount of neighborhood commercial land • public transportation investments and access • other characteristics of hub or residential urban villages as provided in this Plan, or further refined 11 GS 2.1 Designate places as urban centers, urban villages, or manufacturing/industrial centers based on the functions they can perform and the densities they can support. GS 2.3 Establish boundaries for urban centers, urban villages, and manufacturing/industrial centers that reflect existing development patterns; potential access to services, including transit; intended community See the new language in GS 2.1, 2.3, 2.10 and 2.11 and Figure 1 at the end of this crosswalk. characteristics; and recognized neighborhood areas. UV14 UVG16 Establish goals for the mix of uses, target densities for employment and housing, the scale and intensity of development, and the types of public improvements desired to make each village category function as intended. Designate as urban centers unique areas of concentrated employment and housing, with direct access to highcapacity transit, and a wide range of supportive land uses such as retail, recreation, public facilities, parks, and open space. 12 GS 2.10 Establish urban centers and urban villages using the guidelines described in Growth Strategy Figure 1. GS 2.11 Permit various sizes of urban villages based on local conditions, but limit sizes so that most places in the village are within walking distance from employment and service areas in the village. GS 2.1 Designate places as urban centers, urban villages, or manufacturing/industrial centers based on the functions they can perform and the densities they can support. GS 2.3 Establish boundaries for urban centers, urban villages, and manufacturing/industrial centers that reflect existing development patterns; potential access to services, including transit; intended community characteristics; and recognized neighborhood areas. GS Establish urban centers See the new language in GS 2.1, 2.3, 2.10 and 2.11 and Figure 1 at the end of this crosswalk. UVG17 UVG18 UV15 2.10 and urban villages using the guidelines described in Growth Strategy Figure 1. GS 2.11 Permit various sizes of urban villages based on local conditions, but limit sizes so that most places in the village are within walking distance from employment and service areas in the village. Recognize areas that provide a regionally significant focus for housing and employment growth as urban centers. Enhance the unique character and collection of businesses and housing types of each center. Designate urban center villages within larger urban centers to recognize different neighborhoods within a larger community. Designate as urban centers those areas of the city that are consistent with the following criteria and relevant Countywide Planning Policies: 1. Area not exceeding one and one-half square miles (960 acres). 2. Accessibility to the existing regional transportation network including access to other urban centers, with access to the regional high-capacity transit system to be provided in the future. 3. Zoning that can accommodate a broad mix of activities, including commercial and residential activities, as appropriate to the planned balance of uses in the center. 4. The area is already connected to surrounding neighborhoods by bicycle 13 GS 2.1 Designate places as urban centers, urban villages, or manufacturing/industrial centers based on the functions they can perform and the densities they can support. GS 2.3 Establish boundaries for urban centers, urban villages, and manufacturing/industrial centers that reflect existing development patterns; potential access to services, including transit; intended community This policy is deleted since urban center villages will no longer be designated, although the same geographical areas will be recognized as sub-areas for planning and monitoring purposes. See Figure 1 at the end of this crosswalk. See the new language in GS 2.1, 2.3, 2.10 and 2.11 and Figure 1 at the end of this crosswalk. and/or pedestrian facilities or can be connected through planned extensions of existing facilities. 5. The area presently includes, or is adjacent to, open space available for public use, or opportunities exist to provide pubic open space in the future. 6. Zoning that permits the amount of new development needed to meet the following minimum density targets: a. A minimum of 15,000 jobs located within a half mile of a possible future high capacity transit station; b. An overall employment density of 50 jobs per acre; and c. An overall residential density of 15 households per acre. UV16 UV17 UV18 UVG19 characteristics; and recognized neighborhood areas. Designate the following locations as urban centers as shown in Urban Village Figures 2-7 below: 1. Downtown Seattle 2. First Hill/Capitol Hill 3. Uptown Queen Anne 4. University Community 5. Northgate 6. South Lake Union Designate urban center villages within the Downtown, First Hill/Capitol Hill and University Community urban centers as shown in Urban Village Figures 2, 3 and 5. While the Uptown Queen Anne, South Lake Union, and Northgate centers are presently considered to be too small to be subdivided into center villages, this does not preclude the designation of urban center villages within those urban centers in future neighborhood planning processes. Goals and policies for urban center villages apply to all urban centers. Promote the balance of uses in each urban center or urban center village indicated by one of the following functional designations, assigned as follows: [TABLE: Function Designation/Urban Center Village] Ensure that adequate accessible industrial land remains available to promote 14 GS 2.10 Establish urban centers and urban villages using the guidelines described in Growth Strategy Figure 1. GS 2.11 Permit various sizes of urban villages based on local conditions, but limit sizes so that most places in the village are within walking distance from employment and service areas in the village. This policy is deleted since urban center villages will no longer be designated, although the same geographical areas will be recognized as sub-areas for planning and monitoring purposes. UVG20 UVG21 UV19 UV20 UV21 a diversified employment base and sustain Seattle’s contribution to regional high-wage job growth. Promote the use of industrial land for industrial purposes. Encourage economic activity and development in Seattle’s industrial areas by supporting the retention and expansion of existing industrial businesses and by providing opportunities for the creation of new businesses consistent with the character of industrial areas. Designate as manufacturing/industrial GS 2.1 centers areas that are generally consistent with the following criteria and relevant Countywide Planning Policies: 1. Zoning that promotes manufacturing, industrial, and advanced technology uses and discourages uses that are not GS 2.3 compatible with industrial areas. 2. Buffers protecting adjacent, less intensive land uses from the impacts associated with the industrial activity in these areas (such buffers shall be provided generally by maintaining existing buffers, including existing industrial buffer zones). 3. Sufficient zoned capacity to accommodate a minimum of 10,000 jobs. 4. Large, assembled parcels suitable for industrial activity. 5. Relatively flat terrain allowing efficient industrial processes. 6. Reasonable access to the regional highway, rail, air and/or waterway system for the movement of goods. designate the following locations as manufacturing/industrial centers as shown in Urban Village Figure 1: 1. The Ballard Interbay Northend Manufacturing/Industrial Center; and 2. The Duwamish Manufacturing/ Industrial Center. Promote manufacturing and industrial employment growth, including 15 Designate places as urban centers, urban villages, or manufacturing/industrial centers based on the functions they can perform and the densities they can support. Establish boundaries for urban centers, urban villages, and manufacturing/industrial centers that reflect existing development patterns; potential access to services, including transit; intended community characteristics; and recognized neighborhood areas. For UV 19 and UV 20, see the new language in GS 2.1 and 2.3 UV22 UV23 UV24 UV24.1 UVG22 UVG23 UVG24 manufacturing uses, advanced technology industries, and a wide range of industrialrelated commercial functions, such as warehouse and distribution activities, in manufacturing/ industrial centers. Strive to retain and expand existing manufacturing and industrial activity. Maintain land that is uniquely accessible to water, rail, and regional highways for continued industrial use. Limit in manufacturing/industrial areas those commercial or residential uses that are unrelated to the industrial function, that occur at intensities posing short- and long-term conflicts for industrial uses, or that threaten to convert significant amounts of industrial land to non-industrial uses. The City should limit its own uses on land in the manufacturing/industrial centers to uses that are not appropriate in other zones and should discourage other public entities from siting non industrial uses in manufacturing/industrial centers. An exception for essential public facilities should be provided. Accommodate concentrations of housing and employment at strategic locations in the transportation system conveniently accessible to the city’s residential population, thereby reducing the length of work-trip commutes. Provide convenient locations for commercial services that serve the populations of the village, surrounding neighborhoods, the city, and the region. Accommodate concentrations of employment and housing at densities that support pedestrian and transit use and increase opportunities within the city for people to live close to where they work. 16 GS 2.17 Limit City-owned land in the manufacturing/industrial centers to uses that are compatible with other industrial uses and that are inappropriate in other zones, and discourage other public entities from siting non-industrial uses in manufacturing/industrial centers. UV25 Designate as hub urban villages areas that are consistent with the following criteria: 1. Zoning that allows a mix of uses to accommodate concentrations of employment and housing. 2. Sufficient zoned capacity to accommodate a minimum of 25 jobs/acre and to accommodate a total of at least 2,500 jobs within 1/4 mile of the village center, and to accommodate at least 3,500 dwellings units within 1/2 mile of the village center. 3. The area presently supports, or can accommodate under current zoning, a concentration of residential development at 15 or more units/acre and a total of at least 1,800 housing units within 1/4 mile of the village center. 4. Surroundings comprised primarily of residential areas that allow a mix of densities, and non-residential activities that support residential use. 5. Within 1/2 mile of the village center a minimum of one-third (at least 20 acres) of the land area is currently zoned to accommodate mixed-use or commercial activity. 6. A broad range of housing types and commercial and retail support services either existing or allowed under current zoning to serve a local, citywide, or regional market. 7. A strategic location in relation to both the local and regional transportation network, including: a. Transit service with a frequency of 15 minutes or less during peak hours, and 30-minute transit headways in the offpeak hours, with direct access to at least one urban center, with the possibility of improved connections to future high capacity transit stations b. Located on the principal arterial network, with connections to regional transportation facilities c. Routes accommodating goods movement 17 GS 2.1 Designate places as urban centers, urban villages, or manufacturing/industrial centers based on the functions they can perform and the densities they can support. GS 2.3 Establish boundaries for urban centers, urban villages, and manufacturing/industrial centers that reflect existing development patterns; potential access to services, including transit; intended community characteristics; and recognized neighborhood areas. GS 2.10 Establish urban centers and urban villages using the guidelines described in Growth Strategy Figure 1. GS 2.11 Permit various sizes of urban villages based on local conditions, but limit sizes so that most places in the village are within walking distance from employment and service areas in the village. See the new language in GS 2.1, 2.3, 2.10 and 2.11 UV26 UV27 UV28 UVG25 d. Convenient and direct, connections to adjacent areas by pedestrians and bicyclists 8. Open space amenities, including: a. Direct access to either existing or potential public open spaces in the immediate vicinity b. Accessibility to major open space resources in the general area via either existing or potential urban trails, boulevards, or other open space links, or anticipated major public investment in open space. 9. Opportunities for redevelopment because of a substantial amount of vacant or under-used land within the village. Designate as hub urban villages areas ranging from those able to accommodate growth with minor changes and public investment to those requiring more extensive public investment, where the potential exists to achieve desired village conditions through redevelopment over time. Designate the following locations as hub urban villages as shown on Urban Village Figure 1: 1. Lake City 2. North Rainier 3. Bitter Lake Village 4. Ballard 5. West Seattle Junction 6. Fremont Permit the size of hub urban villages to vary according to local conditions, but limit their size so that most areas within the village are within a walkable distance of employment and service concentrations in the village. Promote the development of residential 18 UV29 UV30 urban villages, which function primarily as compact residential neighborhoods providing opportunities for a wide range of housing types and a mix of activities that support the residential population. Support densities in residential urban villages that support transit use. Designate as residential urban villages areas that are consistent with the following criteria: The area presently supports, or can accommodate under current zoning, a concentration of residential development at a density of at least 8 units per acre, with a capacity to accommodate a total of at least 1,000 housing units within 2,000 feet of the village center in small to moderate scale structures. 2. The area includes one or more centers of activity that provide or could provide commercial and retail support services to the surrounding area, including at least 10 acres of commercial zoning within a radius of 2,000 feet. 3. The area is generally surrounded by single-family and/or lower-density multifamily areas. 4. The area is presently on the city’s arterial network and is served by a transit route providing direct transit service to at least one urban center or hub village, with a peak-hour transit frequency of 15 minutes or less and 30minute transit headways in the offpeak. 5. The area has the opportunity to be connected by bicycle and/or pedestrian facilities to adjacent areas and nearby public amenities. 6. The area presently includes, or is adjacent to, open space available for public use, or opportunities exist to provide pubic open space in the future. Balance objectives for accommodating growth, supporting transit use and 19 UV31 UV32 walking, maintaining compatibility with existing development conditions, maintaining affordable housing, and responding to market preferences for certain types of housing, through the density and scale of development permitted. Allow employment activity in residential urban villages to the extent that it does not conflict with the overall residential function and character of the village, provided that a different mix of uses may be established through an adopted neighborhood plan. Designate the following residential urban villages as shown on Urban Village Figure 1: 1. Crown Hill GS 2.1 Designate places as urban centers, urban villages, or manufacturing/industrial centers based on the functions they can perform and the densities they can support. GS 2.3 Establish boundaries for urban centers, urban villages, and manufacturing/industrial centers that reflect existing development patterns; potential access to services, including transit; intended community characteristics; and recognized neighborhood areas. GS 2.10 Establish urban centers and urban villages using the guidelines described in Growth Strategy Figure 1. GS 2.11 Permit various sizes of urban villages based on local conditions, but limit sizes so that most places in the village are within rd 2. 23 Avenue S @ S Jackson – Union 3. Madison-Miller 4. Wallingford 5. Eastlake 6. MLK@Holly Street 7. South Park 8. Upper Queen Anne 9. Roosevelt 10. Aurora-Licton 11. Green Lake 12. Rainier Beach 13. Morgan Junction 14. Admiral 15. North Beacon Hill 16. Greenwood/Phinney Ridge 17. Columbia City 18. Westwood/Highland Park UV33 ermit the size of residential urban villages to vary according to local conditions, but consider it generally desirable that any location within the village be within easy walking distance of at least one center of activity and services. 20 See the new language in GS 2.1, 2.3, 2.10 and 2.11 and Figure 1 at the end of this crosswalk. walking distance from employment and service areas in the village. UV34 UVG26 Include among areas considered suitable for designation as residential urban villages those areas that possess the desired characteristics and infrastructure to support a moderately dense residential population and those areas that, while lacking infrastructure or other characteristics of a residential urban village, warrant public investment to address inadequacies in order to promote a transition to a higher density residential neighborhood. Support and maintain the positive qualities of areas outside of urban centers and villages. UV35 Provide that the area of the city outside urban centers and villages remain primarily as residential and commercial areas with allowable densities similar to existing conditions, or as industrial areas, or major institutions. UV36 Protect single-family areas, both inside and outside of urban villages. Allow limited multifamily, commercial, and industrial uses outside of villages to support the surrounding area or to permit the existing character to remain. Recognize neighborhood anchors designated in adopted neighborhood plans as important community resources that provide a transit and service focus for those areas outside of urban villages. Permit limited amounts of development UV37 UV38 GS 2.18 GS 2.19 21 Support healthy neighborhoods throughout the city so that all residents have access to a range of housing choices, as well as access to parks, open space, and services. Allow limited multifamily, commercial, and industrial uses outside of urban villages to support the surrounding area or to maintain the existing character. UV39 consistent with the desire to maintain the general intensity of development that presently characterizes the multifamily, commercial, and industrial areas outside of urban centers and villages and direct the greatest share of growth to the urban centers and villages. Accommodate growth consistent with adopted master plans for designated major institutions located throughout the city. GS 2.20 GS 3.4 UVG27 UVG28 UVG29 UVG30 Encourage growth in locations within the city that support more compact and less land-consuming, high quality urban living. Concentrate a greater share of employment growth in locations convenient to the city’s residential population to promote walking and transit use and reduce the length of work trips. Plan for urban centers to receive the most substantial share of Seattle’s growth consistent with their role in shaping the regional growth pattern. Plan citywide for 70,000 additional housing units and 115,000 additional jobs between 2015 and 2035 and GS 3.3 Plan for uses and densities on hospital and college campuses that are located outside urban centers and villages in ways that recognize the important contributions of these institutions and the generally low-scale development of their surroundings. Work toward a distribution of growth that eliminates racial and social disparities by growing great neighborhoods throughout the city, with equitable access for all and with community stability that reduces the potential for displacement. Accommodate a substantial portion of the city’s growth in hub and residential urban villages. new See See GSG3 and Figure 2 at the end of this crosswalk. See Figures and 3 at the end of this crosswalk. 22 UVG31 UVG32 UVG33 UV40 encourage growth in Seattle’s urban centers and manufacturing/ industrial centers to be distributed generally as shown in Urban Village Figure 8. Plan for growth that accomplishes the goals of the urban village strategy, and recognizes local circumstances, community preferences as expressed in neighborhood plans, and the need for an equitable distribution of growth across the city. Achieve development within urban villages at a pace appropriate to current conditions in the area. Allow limited amounts of development in areas of the city outside urban centers and villages to maintain the general intensity of development that already characterizes these areas and to promote the level of growth estimated for centers. Base 20-year growth estimates for each urban center and manufacturing/industrial center on: 1. Citywide estimates for housing and job growth over 20 years from the Countywide Planning Policies 2. The center’s role in regional growth management planning 3. Accessibility to transit 4. Existing zoning, including capacity for employment and residential development 5. Existing densities 6. Current development conditions, recent development trends and plans for development by public or private sector developers, such as major institution plans 7. Density goals for each type of center 8. Plans for infrastructure and public amenities and services necessary to support additional growth 9. The relationship of the center to the 23 GS 2.8 Use zoning and other planning tools to shape the amount and pace of growth in ways that will limit displacement of marginalized populations, community services, and culturally relevant institutions and businesses. GS 3.2 Base twenty-year growth estimates for each urban center and manufacturing/industrial center on the following criteria: • Citywide targets for housing and job growth adopted in the Countywide Planning Policies • The role of the center in regional growth management planning • The most recently adopted subarea plan for the center • Level of transit service • Existing zoning capacity for additional commercial and residential development This new language carries forward some aspects of existing UVG31, UVG32, UVG33 and adds an emphasis on equity. regional transportation network UV41 UV42 • Existing densities • Current development conditions, recent development trends, and plans for private or public development, such as by major institutions • Plans for infrastructure, public amenities, and services that could attract or support additional growth • Access to employment for, and potential displacement of, marginalized populations Promote the concentration of development within centers over the 20-year timeframe of this Plan, by: 1. Establishing 20-year growth estimates that do not exceed 80 percent of zoned capacity for development, as calculated by the City 2. Maintaining the 80 percent capacity margin in each center whenever zoning is modified 3. Making reasonable efforts to provide services, facilities, and incentives to accommodate the estimated growth Review, monitor and publish the rate of growth in centers and villages along with other measures indicate changes in the center or village over an extended period of time. Evaluate the significance of the changes with center or village residents, business owners, and other community stakeholders in light of the expectations underlying the neighborhood plan for the area, the actual level of growth, progress toward neighborhood plan implementation, and the relative maturity (level of mixed-use development, the pedestrian environment, infrastructure, and public facilities) of the area as an urban center or village. Establish by resolution, percentage GS 1.4 24 Monitor development activity in urban centers and villages to track changes in the number of housing units, jobs, and population and evaluate whether development is consistent with this Plan. UV 42 was edited to become numerous new policies (GS 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, and 1.10) that provide more detail about outreach and also emphasize equity. threshold criteria to identify growth conditions over an extended period of time that indicate a need to initiate a neighborhood review process. In the neighborhood review process, identify appropriate responses to significant growth or changes, including but not limited to: • community-led activities; • additional planning for, or reprioritization of, City programs or infrastructure improvements; • partially or entirely updating a neighborhood plan; • amending growth estimates; or • working with other public agencies to address community goals. GS 3.5 GS 1.5 GS 1.6 GS 1.7 25 Adjust urban center growth estimates periodically to reflect the most current policy guidance in regional and countywide growth management plans, or reexamine estimates as plans for the city’s urban centers are substantially amended. Use information collected about growth, along with other information, to make decisions for further planning or for making investments that will meet the needs of residents and businesses. Monitor development activity and other factors that will identify areas with high potential for displacement of marginalized populations and small businesses Develop and implement strategies that can limit displacement of marginalized populations. This new language carries forward an aspect of the existing UV 40. This new language carries forward an aspect of the existing UV 42. This new language carries forward an aspect of the existing UV 42. GS 1.8 GS 1.9 GS 1.10 UVG34 UVG35 UVG36 Provide safe and welcoming places for the people of Seattle to play, learn, contemplate, and build community. Provide healthy spaces for children and their families to play; for more passive activities such as strolling, sitting, viewing, picnicking, public gatherings, and enjoying the natural environment; and for active uses such as community gardening, competitive sports, and running. Through the creation, preservation, and enhancement of the city’s open spaces, support the development patterns called for by this Plan, enhance environmental quality, provide light, air, and visual relief; offer communitybuilding opportunities; provide buffers between residential areas and incompatible uses; provide spaces for sports and recreation; and protect environmentally sensitive areas. Enhance the urban village strategy Engage local communities, particularly in neighborhoods with marginalized populations, to identify and jointly address unique housing and community amenity or service needs. Use relevant, respectful, and innovative ways to encourage broad participation in neighborhood and community activities and events. Partner with other governments, schools, institutions, and community-based organizations to involve people of all backgrounds meaningfully in planning and decision-making that impact their communities. See also GSG1, GS 1.1, GS 1.2 and GS 1.3. See also GSG1, GS 1.1, GS 1.2 and GS 1.3. See also GSG1, GS 1.1, GS 1.2 and GS 1.3. Addressed by multiple 26 UV43 through the provision of: 1. Amenities in more densely populated areas 2. Recreational opportunities for daytime populations in urban centers 3. Mitigation of the impacts of large scale development 4. Increased opportunities to walk regularly to open spaces by providing them close by 5. Connections linking urban centers and villages, through a system of parks, boulevards, community gardens, urban trails, and natural areas 6. A network of connections to the regional open space system 7. Protected environmentally critical areas 8. Enhanced tree canopy and understory throughout the city Strive to accomplish goals in Urban Village Appendix Figures A-1 and A-2 for the amount, types, and distribution of open space. UV44 Designate and preserve important natural or ecological features in public ownership as green spaces for lowintensity open space uses. UV45 Identify City-owned open spaces on the Future Land Use Map. Consider open space provisions identified in adopted neighborhood plans, including specific open space sites and features, in guiding the expansion of the open space network. Establish, through the combined systems of urban trails, green streets and designated boulevards, a network among the city’s varied open space features and urban villages and urban centers as well as connections with recreational and natural areas within the Puget Sound region. UV46 UV47 policies in this and other Elements. 27 P1.6 Provide areas to preserve important natural or ecological features in public ownership, and allow people access to these spaces. P1.3 Provide urban trails, green streets, and boulevards in public rights-of-way as recreation and transportation options and as ways to connect open spaces and parks to each other, to urban centers and villages, and Urban Village Appendix Figures A1 and A2 and the goals in them have been removed from the Plan. UV48 Provide unstructured open play space for children in or near residential neighborhoods. UV49 Guide development of shoreline public access and recreation as important elements in the city’s open space network. Direct efforts to expand the open space network according to the following considerations: 1. Locations for new facilities: a. Urban centers and villages with the largest share of estimated residential growth; especially those existing high density residential areas presently not served according to the populationbased or distribution goals for urban village open space; b. Other urban village locations where an adopted subarea plan or recognized neighborhood plan includes open space recommendations consistent with these policies; and c. Specific locations enumerated in the Parks functional plan outside urban centers or villages. 2. Types of open space acquisitions and facility development: a. Village open space sites, urban center indoor recreation facilities, village commons sites, and community gardens; b. Critical open space linkages, connectors, and corridors that are highly accessible for active use within or directly serving urban villages, high density and/or high pedestrian, bicycle, or transit use areas; c. Open space linkages, connectors, and corridors that are highly accessible for active use serving other high pedestrian, bicycle, or transit use areas; and Other types of open space within or UV50 P1.11 28 to the regional open space system. Create healthy places for children and adults to plan, as well as areas for more passive strolling, viewing, and picnicking. P1.1 Continue to expand the City’s park holdings and open space opportunities, with special emphasis on serving urban centers and urban villages that are home to marginalized populations and areas that have been traditionally underserved. P1.2 Provide a variety of parks and open space to serve the city’s growing population consistent with the priorities and level-of-service standards identified in the City’s Park Development Plan. UV51 UV52 UV 53 UV54 UV54.5 adjacent to urban villages that is accessible from adjacent urban villages. Promote sustainable management of public and private open spaces and landscaping including preserving or planting native and naturalized vegetation as appropriate to the landscape, removing invasive plants, protecting and enhancing wildlife habitat, and using an integrated pest management approach which favors natural over chemical pest management. Seek to provide public open space in conjunction with major public projects such as utility and transportation projects, with the amount of open space based on the size of the project, open space needs of the adjacent areas, and the opportunities provided by the particular project. Emphasize flexibility in planning, designing, and developing new open space and encourage development of innovative projects. Promote inter-agency and intergovernmental cooperation to expand community gardening opportunities. P3.3 Look for innovative ways to approach construction and major maintenance activities to limit water and energy use and to maximize environmental sustainability. P1.10 Use cooperative agreements with Seattle Public Schools and other public agencies to provide access to open spaces they control. Provide areas to preserve important natural or ecological features in public ownership, and allow people access to these spaces. P1.6 Create opportunities for people to experience the natural environment by including parks, forested areas, urban agriculture (P-Patches, farms, orchards and community gardens), and viewpoints among the priority uses to be considered for the City’s surplus properties. The following goal and policies are currently found in the Plan’s Urban Design Element, which has been merged into the Growth Strategy Element. UDG1 GSG4 Maintain and enhance Seattle’s character and sense of place, including its built environment and how it respects 29 Maintain and enhance Seattle’s unique character and sense of place, its natural setting, as the city grows and changes. UD 1 Encourage the preservation, protection, and restoration of natural features and land forms such as bluffs, beaches, streams, and remaining evergreen forests that give Seattle its unique sense of place. GS 4.1 UD 2 Encourage design that provides physical and visual connections to the natural environment surrounding Seattle, with an emphasis on shorelines and public views of the Olympic and Cascade Mountains. GS 4.2 UD 3 Encourage design that recognizes natural systems and integrates ecological functions such as stormwater filtration or retention with other infrastructure and development projects. GS 4.3 UD 4 Respect topography, water and natural systems in the built environment, such as by using development regulations or design to “step up or down” hillsides to accommodate significant changes in elevation, or by siting tall buildings to harmonize with the city’s topography. Increase public access to water---both physical and visual. GS 4.4 Encourage designs for buildings and public spaces that maximize access to sunlight and provide protection from inclement weather conditions. GS 4.15 UD 5 UD6 30 GS 4.5 including its natural setting, history, humanscaled development, and community identity, as the city grows and changes. Encourage the preservation, protection, and restoration of Seattle’s distinctive natural features and landforms such as bluffs, beaches, streams, and remaining evergreen forests. Design public facilities to emphasize physical and visual connections to Seattle’s natural surroundings, with special attention to public vistas of shorelines, the Olympic Mountains, and the Cascade Range. Encourage design that recognizes natural systems and integrates ecological functions such as stormwater filtration or retention with other infrastructure and development projects. Respect topography, water, and natural systems when siting tall buildings. Provide both physical and visual public access to streams, lakes, and Puget Sound. Encourage designs for buildings and public spaces that maximize use of natural light and UD 7 Extend landscape strategies to typically under-designed sites such as surface parking lots, rooftops and around freeways. UD 8 Look for ways to connect new developments to the public open space system. Connect open spaces in a citywide network. Design landscaping strategies that can contribute to urban food production. UD 9 UD 10 UD 11 GS 4.6 GS 4.16 GS 4.7 Promote the use of indigenous plants in landscaping to emphasize the region’s natural identity. GS 4.8 UD 12 Design public infrastructure and private developments to emphasize the positive aspects of existing block and street patterns. GS 4.9 UD 13 Integrate new housing in single-family neighborhoods in ways that allow flexibility in the size and design of units, recognizing the character and scale of existing neighborhoods. GS 4.10 31 provide protection from inclement weather. Extend sustainable landscaping and an urban design approach to typically under-designed sites such as surface parking lots, rooftops, and freeway edges. Encourage the use of land, rooftops, and other spaces to contribute to urban food production. Promote the use of native plants for landscaping to emphasize the region’s natural identity and foster environmental health. Preserve characteristics that contribute to communities’ general identity, such as block and lot patterns and areas of historic, architectural, or social significance. Design public infrastructure and private building developments to help visitors understand the existing block and street patterns and to reinforce the walkability of neighborhoods. Use zoning tools and natural features to ease the transitions from the building intensities of urban villages and commercial arterials to lower-density developments of surrounding areas. UD 14 Design streets to give them distinctive identities based on a citywide street hierarchy. GS 4.11 Design streets with distinctive identities that are compatible with a citywide system that defines differences between types of streets and that allows for different design treatments to reflect a particular street’s function, right-of-way width, and adjoining uses. UD 16 Develop a system of street designs that reflect a street’s function, right-of-way width, adjoining uses and opportunities for providing open space and green infrastructure, such as storm water infiltration. UD 16 Preserve, strengthen, and, as opportunities permit, reconnect Seattle’s street grid as a means to knit together neighborhoods and to connect various districts of the city. GS 4.12 UD 15 Design streets as public spaces by encouraging active, rich ground floor facades, especially along important walking routes. GS 4.13 UD 17 Design streets in urban villages to be pedestrian-friendly by means such as respecting street grids, providing connections between major activity centers, incorporating public open spaces, and having commercial buildings with retail and active uses that abut the sidewalk. Design multifamily areas as attractive residential communities with high quality residential buildings, appropriately scaled landscaping, setbacks, street amenities, and limited commercial uses that support the local population. Preserve, strengthen, and, as opportunities permit, reconnect Seattle’s street grid as a means to knit together neighborhoods and to connect areas of the city. Design urban villages to be walkable, using approaches such as clear street grids, pedestrian connections between major activity centers, incorporation of public open spaces, and commercial buildings with retail and active uses that flank the sidewalk. UD 19 32 GS 4.14 Design multifamily zones to be appealing residential communities with high-quality housing and development standards that promote privacy and livability, such as appropriately scaled landscaping, street GS 4.13 combines aspects of existing UD 15 and UD 17. UD 21 Use building forms and height to enhance desirable city patterns of attractive and walkable neighborhoods. GS 4.17 UD 22 Use groupings of tall buildings, instead of solitary towers, to enhance topographic form or define districts. GS 4.18 UD 23 Allow taller buildings in key locations, such as close to light rail transit stations, to provide visual focus and define activity centers. GS 4.19 UD 24 Design tall buildings with setbacks to provide sunlight to public streets, parks, or open spaces, and access to major public views or view corridors. GS 4.20 UD 25 Locate and site tall structures in ways that respect natural surroundings and key natural features, such as by having lower building heights near major water bodies. GS 4.21 UD 26 For buildings that are not tall, reduce setbacks from the street, while maintaining adequate sidewalk width for pedestrians, to encourage better scale relationships between horizontal width of streets and vertical walls of buildings. GS 4.22 UD 27 Encourage new approaches to street GS 33 amenities, and, in appropriate locations, limited commercial uses targeted for the local population. Use varied building forms and heights to enhance attractive and walkable neighborhoods. Use groupings of tall buildings, instead of lone towers, to enhance overall topography or to define districts. Consider taller building heights in key locations to provide visual focus and define activity centers , such as near light rail stations in urban centers and urban villages. Limit the negative impacts of tall buildings on public views and on sunlight in public streets and parks by defining upper-level building setbacks and lot coverage or by using other techniques. Locate tall buildings to respect natural surroundings and key natural features and to minimize obstructing views of these features, such as by having lower building heights near lakes or Puget Sound. Encourage street widths and building heights that are in proportion with each other by reducing setbacks from the street and keeping reasonable sidewalk widths for lower buildings. Encourage innovative design that expand the role of streets as public spaces. 4.23 UD 28 Encourage well-defined outdoor spaces that are of adequate size to serve potential users and that are well integrated with adjoining buildings and spaces. GS 4.24 UD 29 Consider the needs of growing demographic and ethnic groups in the design of public space. Connect large parks and open spaces to each other and to population concentrations, such as urban villages. GS 4.25 Seek, through cooperative efforts with adjacent jurisdictions, an equitable and balanced resolution to jurisdictional boundaries of the remaining unincorporated areas adjacent to the city’s limits. Future annexations to Seattle and/or city boundary changes shall be based on the following: 1. The area has access or can easily be connected to areas already served by the City, allowing efficient delivery of services to the area; 2. The City can readily provide services to the area; and 3. The boundary changes or interjurisdictional agreements will result in a fair and equitable distribution of revenues, facilities development and maintenance and operating costs, and transfer of assets. GS G5 GS 5.1 Cooperate with adjacent jurisdictions in order to reach equitable and balanced resolutions about jurisdictional boundaries for the remaining unincorporated areas abutting city limits. Designate as Potential Annexation Areas areas that include parcels GS 5.2 Designate unincorporated land for potential annexation where UD 30 UV55 UV56 GS 4.26 34 street design that expands the role of streets as public spaces and that could include use for markets, festivals, or street parks. Promote well-defined outdoor spaces that can easily accommodate potential users and that are well integrated with adjoining buildings and spaces. Design public spaces that New GS 4.25 combines consider the nearby aspects of UD 29 and UD physical context and the 30. needs of the community. Use the principles of crime prevention through environmental design for public spaces, where appropriate. Eliminate pockets of unincorporated land abutting Seattle. UV 55 was edited to become a goal and policy (GS G5 and GS 5.1) currently owned by the City or small areas almost completely surrounded by land currently within Seattle’s city limits. Areas meeting these conditions are designated as Potential Annexation Areas as shown in Urban Village Figure 9. UV57 Favorably consider annexation requests by the residents of unincorporated areas to meet regional growth management goals. GS 5.3 UV58 Support annexations of unincorporated areas to surrounding jurisdictions by being involved in public participation efforts to determine local sentiment regarding annexations, participating in the development of interlocal agreements concerning final annexation plans with the goal of eventually eliminating any unincorporated island areas, and participating in the evaluation of any proposals to create new jurisdictions in these areas. GS 5.4 • the area has access, or can easily be connected, to City services; and • the boundarychange agreements will result in an equitable distribution of revenues and costs, including asset transfer and the development, maintenance, and operation of facilities. Consider annexation requests by the residents of unincorporated areas as a way for the City to meet regional growth management goals. Support annexations of unincorporated areas to surrounding jurisdictions by taking part in public engagement efforts to determine local sentiment and in developing interlocal agreements related to annexations. Growth Strategy Figure 1 Urban Center and Urban Village Guidelines Characteristic Land Area Urban Centers* Up to 1.5 square miles (960 acres) Hub Urban Villages At least 20 contiguous acres of land currently zoned 35 Residential Urban Villages At least 10 acres of commercial zoning within a radius of 2,000 feet Public Transit Access Within 0.5 miles of the existing or planned high-capacity transit station Existing or planned connections to surrounding neighborhoods by bicycle lanes and/or sidewalks Zoning and Use Zoning that allows for a diverse mix of commercial and residential activities Growth Accommodation Zoning that permits ● a minimum of 15,000 jobs within 0.5 miles of a highcapacity transit station ● an overall employment density of 50 jobs per acre, and ● an overall residential density of 15 households per acre to accommodate commercial or mixeduse activities Transit service with a frequency of 15 minutes or less during peak hours and 30 minutes or less during off-peak hours, with direct access to at least one urban center Connected to neighboring areas and nearby public amenities by existing or planned bicycle lanes and/or sidewalks Zoning that allows a range of uses, including a variety of housing types as well as commercial and retail services serving a local, citywide, or regional market, generally at a lower scale than in urban centers Zoning that permits at least ● 15 dwelling units per gross acre ● 25 jobs per gross acre ● 2,500 total jobs, and ● 3,500 dwelling units 36 Transit service with a frequency of 15 minutes or less during peak hours and 30 minutes or less during off-peak hours, with direct access to at least one urban center Connected to neighboring areas and nearby public amenities by existing or planned bicycle lanes and/or sidewalks Zoning that emphasizes residential uses while allowing for commercial and retail services for the village and surrounding area, generally at a lower scale than in hub urban villages Zoning that permits at least 12 dwelling units per gross acre *The urban center description was taken from King County Countywide Planning Policies Growth Strategy Figure 2 Estimated Urban Center Growth 2015–2035 Housing Units Jobs Urban Centers Downtown First Hill/Capitol Hill University District Northgate South Lake Union Uptown Manufacturing/Industrial Centers Duwamish Ballard-Interbay 12,000 6,000 3,500 3,000 7,500 3,000 35,000 3,000 5,000 6,000 15,000 2,500 0 0 6,000 3,000 Growth Strategy Figure 3 Estimated Urban Village Growth Rates Hub Urban Villages With very good transit service** Expected Housing Growth Rate* 40% 60% 37 Expected Job Growth Rate* 50% 50% With high displacement risk and low access to opportunity, regardless of the level of transit service*** 40% 50% Residential Urban Villages With very good transit service** With high displacement risk and low access to opportunity, regardless of the level of transit service 30% 50% 30% N/A N/A N/A * Percentage growth above the actual number of housing units or jobs in 2015, except where limited by zoning capacity. No job growth rate is assigned to residential villages. **Very good transit service means either a light rail station or a RapidRide bus service plus at least one other high-frequency bus route. 38 Land Use Element Current Current Language # New # New Language LUG1 LUG1 Achieve a development pattern consistent with the urban village strategy, concentrating most new housing and employment in urban centers and villages, while also allowing some infill development compatible with the established context in areas outside centers and villages. LU 1.2 Promote this plan’s overall desired land use pattern through appropriate zoning that regulates the mix of uses as well as the size and density of development to Provide for a development pattern consistent with the urban village strategy by designating areas within the city where various types of land use activities, building forms and intensities of development are appropriate. Notes New, carries forward some aspects of existing LU6 • LU 1.3 focus new residential and commercial development in urban centers and urban villages and • integrate new projects outside of centers and villages into the established development context. Provide for a wide range in the scale and density permitted for multifamily residential, commercial, and mixed-use projects to generally achieve the following overall density and scale characteristics: • • • 39 In urban centers, a moderate to high density and scale of development In hub urban villages, a moderate density and scale of development In residential urban villages, a low to moderate density and New, carries forward some aspects of existing LU6 scale of development LU 1.4 Provide a gradual transition in building height and scale inside urban centers and urban villages where they border lower-scale residential areas. LUG2 Foster neighborhoods in which current and future residents and business owners will want to live, shop, work, and locate their businesses. Provide for a range of housing types and commercial and industrial spaces in order to accommodate a broad range of families and individuals, income groups, and businesses. LUG3 Encourage, through the City’s land use regulations, development that protects the public’s health and maintains environmental quality. LU1 Use the goals and policies included in this Plan to identify on the Future Land Use Map the general locations where broad categories of land uses are preferred. Use rezone criteria which implement the goals and policies of this Plan to identify on the City’s Official Land Use Map where the specific zones are located. LU 1.1 Use the Future Land Use Map to identify where different types of development may occur in support of the urban village strategy. LU2 Generally, Future Land Use Map amendments will be required only when significant changes to the intended function of a large area are proposed. Changes in the Land LU 1.5 Require Future Land Use Map amendments only when needed to achieve a significant change to the intended function of a large area. 40 New, carries forward some aspects of existing LU 81 and LU 120 Use Code zone designation of land that does not significantly change the intended function of a large area generally will not require an amendment to the Future Land Use Map. LU3 Establish rezone evaluation criteria and procedures to guide decisions about which zone will provide the best match for the characteristics of an area and will most clearly further City goals. LU4 Ensure that there will continue to be room for the growth targeted for an area when considering changes that could reduce the capacity for jobs or housing. LU5 1. Consider, through neighborhood planning processes, recommendations for the revision of zoning to better reflect community preferences for the development of an area, provided that consistency between the zoning and this Plan is maintained. Consider relevant goals and policies in adopted neighborhood plans when evaluating a rezone proposal. 2. Seek opportunities in rezones or changes in development regulations to incorporate incentive programs for development of housing that is affordable for the longest term practical. 3. Consider development 41 regulations that condition higher-density development on the provision of public benefits when such public benefits will help mitigate impacts of development attributable to increased development potential. LU5.5 Seek opportunities to preserve active farms by employing mechanisms such as the transfer of development rights from regional farmland into the city. LU 5.17 Help preserve active farms in the region through strategies such as offering incentives to developers who transfer development rights from regional farmland to sites in the city. LU6 In order to focus future growth, consistent with the urban village strategy, limit higher intensity zoning designations to urban centers, urban villages, and manufacturing/ industrial centers. Limit zoning with height limits that are significantly higher than those found in single-family areas to urban centers, urban villages, and manufacturing/ industrial centers and to those areas outside of urban villages where higher height limits would be consistent with an adopted neighborhood plan, a major institution’s adopted master plan, or with the existing built character of the area. However, the City Council may permit greater heights on commerciallyzoned sites in the Interbay area along and near W. Dravus Street between 15th Avenue W. and 20th Avenue W., through overlay zoning, zoning LU 1.2 Promote this plan’s overall desired land use pattern through appropriate zoning that regulates the mix of uses as well as the size and density of development to • focus new residential and commercial development in urban centers and urban villages and • integrate new projects outside of centers and villages into the established development context. LU 1.3 Provide for a wide range in the scale and density permitted for multifamily residential, commercial, and mixed-use projects to generally achieve the following overall density and scale characteristics: In urban centers, a moderate to high density and scale of 42 map amendment, or other implementing measures. development In hub urban villages, a moderate density and scale of development In residential urban villages, a low to moderate density and scale of development LU7 Establish building height limits consistent with the goals of the urban village strategy and the type and scale of development intended for each zone classification. LU 5.4 Use maximum height limits to maintain the desired scale relationship between new structures, existing development, and the street environment; address varied topographic conditions; and limit public view blockage. In certain Downtown zones and in industrial zones, heights for certain types of development uniquely suited to those zones may be unlimited. LU G2 Provide zoning and accompanying land use regulations that • allow a variety of housing types to accommodate housing choices for households of all types and income levels; • support a wide diversity of employment-generating activities to provide jobs for a diverse residential population, as well as a variety of services for residents and businesses; and • accommodate the full range of public services, institutions, and amenities needed to support a racially and economically diverse, sustainable urban community. 43 New, carries forward some aspects of existing LU8, LU 10 and LU 14 LU8 Allow or prohibit uses in each zone based on the intended function of the zone and the impacts the uses can be expected to have on the zone and the surrounding area. LU 2.1 LU G2 Allow or prohibit uses in each zone based on the zone’s intended function as described in this Land Use element and on the expected impacts of a use on other properties in the zone and the surrounding area. Generally allow a broad mix of compatible uses in the urban centers and urban villages. Provide zoning and accompanying land use regulations that • allow a variety of housing types to accommodate housing choices for households of all types and income levels; • support a wide diversity of employment-generating activities to provide jobs for a diverse residential population, as well as a variety of services for residents and businesses; and • accommodate the full range of public services, institutions, and amenities needed to support a racially and economically diverse, sustainable urban community. LU9 Treat as conditional uses those activities having potentially severe impacts either because of the character of the surrounding area, or because the cumulative impacts of more than one such activity would be incompatible with the other permitted uses in the area. LU 2.2 Include provisions to potentially allow as conditional uses those activities that may be beneficial to an area but that also require additional measures to avoid potential impacts those activities could have on sensitive environments or on other permitted uses. 44 LU10 In order to ensure that a wide range of housing opportunities are available to Seattle’s current and future residents, generally permit residential uses in all zones, except in industrial zones and some shoreline areas, where residential uses may conflict with the intended industrial or water-dependent use of the area. LU 2.3 LU G2 Allow residential use outright or as a conditional use in all zones except industrial zones and those shoreline areas where residential uses may conflict with the intended function of the shoreline environment. Provide zoning and accompanying land use regulations that • allow a variety of housing types to accommodate housing choices for households of all types and income levels; • support a wide diversity of employment-generating activities to provide jobs for a diverse residential population, as well as a variety of services for residents and businesses; and • accommodate the full range of public services, institutions, and amenities needed to support a racially and economically diverse, sustainable urban community.. LU11 In order to maintain the character of Seattle’s neighborhoods and retain existing affordable housing, discourage the demolition of residences and displacement of residents, while supporting redevelopment that enhances its community and furthers the goals of this Plan. LU12 Limit non-residential uses in residential zones to those that LU Limit nonresidential uses in residential zones to those 45 LU13 are necessary to the function of residential neighborhoods, are permitted under special circumstances, such as in historic structures, or are highly compatible with residential activity 2.4 necessary or highly compatible with the function of residential neighborhoods. Seek the redevelopment of legally established structures and uses that do not conform to current regulations so that they are more conforming to current standards over the long term. Encourage nonconformities to become more conforming to current standards. Allow nonconformities to continue and support the maintenance and enhancement of nonconforming uses and developments so they may exist as an asset to their neighborhoods and so the City’s land use regulations do not impose excessive burdens on legally established private property, as long as they do not expand their nonconformity. LU 2.5 Allow nonconforming uses to be maintained and enhanced, but generally not to be expanded or extended, and encourage them to become more conforming over time. LU 2.6 Avoid introducing incompatible land uses adjacent to or within the Airport Influence Area of commercial service airports. New LU 2.7 Review future legislative rezones to determine if they pose a risk of increasing the displacement of residents, especially marginalized populations, and the businesses and institutions that serve them. New, emphasizing equity LU Evaluate new land use regulations to determine if there New, emphasizing 46 LU14 In recognition of the positive contribution many institutions and public facilities have made to the areas in which they are located, respecting community needs and providing necessary services, allow small institutions and public facilities that are determined to be compatible with the function, character and scale of the area in which they are located. 2.8 are potential adverse outcomes that may affect marginalized populations or other groups or individuals unfairly, and seek to avoid or mitigate such potential outcomes. LU G3 Allow public facilities and small institutions to locate where they are generally compatible with the function, character, and scale of an area, even if some deviation from certain regulations is necessary. LU G2 equity Provide zoning and accompanying land use regulations that • allow a variety of housing types to accommodate housing choices for households of all types and income levels; • support a wide diversity of employment-generating activities to provide jobs for a diverse residential population, as well as a variety of services for residents and businesses; and • accommodate the full range of public services, institutions, and amenities needed to support a racially and economically diverse, sustainable urban community. LU15 Development standards for small institutions and public facilities affecting building height, bulk, setbacks, open space, landscaping, and screening shall be similar to LU 3.1 Regulate public facilities and small institutions to promote compatibility with other developments in the area. 47 LU 15 and LU 16 were re-written to become LU 3.1 and LU 3.2. those required of other development, but should be allowed to vary somewhat because of the special structural requirements of some institutional and public facility uses. Establish criteria limiting variation, in order to achieve design compatibility with the scale and character of the surrounding area. Except for public schools and spires on religious institutions, do not permit small institutions or public facilities to vary from zoned height limits. LU16 Permit or prohibit public facilities similar to those provided by the private sector in all zones according to the use regulations and development standard for the particular type of use. Public facility uses not similar to those permitted for the private sector shall be permitted or prohibited depending on the intended function of the area. Evaluate parking and transportation LU 3.2 Allow public facilities and small institutions to depart from development standards, if necessary to meet their particular functional requirements, while maintaining general design compatibility with the surrounding area’s scale and character. Require public facilities and small institutions to adhere to zoned height limits, except for schools and spires on religious institutions. LU 3.1 Regulate public facilities and small institutions to promote compatibility with other developments in the area. LU 3.2 Allow public facilities and small institutions to depart from development standards, if necessary to meet their particular functional requirements, while maintaining general design compatibility with the surrounding area’s scale and 48 LU 15 and LU 16 were re-written to become LU 3.1 and LU 3.2. impacts and consider the relationship with surrounding uses in the design, siting, landscaping and screening of such facilities. Allow changes by the Council to development standards that cannot be met for reasons of public necessity. LU17 Establish additional development standards for small institutions and public facilities in residential zones regarding light, glare, noise, odors, and parking and transportation. LU18 Consider mitigating the negative impacts of traffic and parking by locating parking facilities to avoid traffic through residential streets, or establishing joint use of existing parking with adjacent uses. LU19 Allow modifications to standards for required offstreet parking, based on the anticipated use of the facility, size of meeting or assembly areas, hours of use, anticipated effects of parking on the surrounding community, information contained in the transportation plan, access to public transportation and carpools, and other considerations of need and impact. LU20 Allow small institutions and public facilities to not satisfy all parking demands they generate, if they demonstrate character. Require public facilities and small institutions to adhere to zoned height limits, except for schools and spires on religious institutions. LU 3.3 Allow standards to be modified for required off-street parking associated with public facilities and small institutions based on the expected use and characteristics of the facility and the likely impacts on surrounding parking and development conditions, and on existing and planned transportation facilities in the area. 49 how they will reduce traffic impacts. Do not permit the creation of a serious safety problem or blighting influence on the surrounding neighborhood. LU21 In residential areas, avoid the concentration of institutions and public facilities if that concentration creates or further aggravates parking shortages, traffic congestion, and noise in or near residential areas. LU 3.4 Avoid clusters of public facilities and small institutions in residential areas if such concentrations would create or further aggravate parking shortages, traffic congestion, and noise in the area. LU22 Allow the continued use of non-conforming institutional facilities by allowing for expansion or structural changes, as long as such expansion does not increase the structure’s non-conformity and is within the development standards of the zone. LU 3.5 Allow nonconforming public facilities and small institutions to expand or make structural changes, provided these alterations comply with the zone’s development standards and do not increase the structure’s nonconformity. LU23 In order to encourage future school use of public school buildings that are no longer used as schools allow nonresidential uses not otherwise permitted in the area to locate in school buildings as long as specific criteria for each such re-use are met. LU 3.6 Allow buildings no longer used as schools to be put to other uses not otherwise permitted in the applicable zone. Base decisions about these uses on criteria that are established for each vacant school as the need arises, through a process that includes Seattle Public schools , the City, and the surrounding neighborhood. LU24 Determine criteria for judging the acceptability of proposed uses of school buildings for each school, which may differ from school to school. Address through the criteria the effects of the uses on students, teachers and residents of the 50 LU 3.6 combines aspects of existing LU 23 and LU 24. surrounding area, and traffic, parking and other land use impacts. Determine the specific criteria for each school through a process that ensures the participation of the Seattle School District, the City, and the neighborhood involved. LU25 Recognize the public benefits provided by radio and television broadcast utilities (major communications utilities), and provide opportunities for the location of these uses in Seattle in order to allow for continued and improved service to the public. However, due to their size and appearance, these utilities are incompatible with the character of residential areas, and they create adverse impacts beyond the immediate site. Therefore, allow these utilities only in locations where impacts can be mitigated, and in a manner that does not lead to an overall increase in new or expanded TV and radio towers. LU26 In order to protect public health and safety, the City should adopt standards to limit exposure to radio frequency radiation. In the event that standards or guidelines more stringent than those in City codes are established by the federal government, the City should take steps to adopt those LU G4 Provide opportunities for locating radio and television broadcast utilities (major communications utilities) to support continued and improved service to the public and to address potential impacts to public health. 51 standards. LU27 Encourage the replacement of existing antennas with new antennas that result in lower levels of radio frequency radiation at ground level. LU28 Review the following activities for compliance with radio frequency radiation standards: the establishment of a new radio or television station transmitting from an existing utility, or any modification or replacement of existing radio or television antennas resulting in a significant increase in off-site radio frequency radiation. LU29 In order to protect the character and ensure the public safety of residential areas, do not permit new major communication utilities, such as radio and television transmission towers, in singlefamily, multifamily, or pedestrian-oriented commercial zones. Encourage the relocation of major communication utilities to nonresidential areas. Encourage co-location of major communication utilities in non-residential areas and the removal of existing single purpose major communications utilities in residential or pedestrianoriented commercial areas. In these zones, expansion of existing towers or on-site replacement may be allowed LU 4.2 Encourage replacing existing antennas with new antennas to achieve lower levels of radiofrequency radiation at ground level. LU 4.1 Allow major communications utilities only where impacts of their size and appearance can be offset, and in a way that does not lead to an overall increase in TV and radio towers. 52 LU 29 and LU 30 are edited and split into new LU 4.1, LU 4.3 and LU 4.5. only after review by the City Council. LU30 Require major communication utilities to be developed in such a manner as to minimize impacts on nearby areas. Setbacks, screening and landscaping shall be required in order to minimize visual impacts on adjacent properties, and to provide an appearance as compatible as possible with the uses permitted in the zone. Establish continuity with key elements of typical uses within the surrounding area; for example, in or adjacent to single-family areas, design elements such as peaked roofs, painted metal surfaces, and wooden fences, should be provided. LU31 Provide for the location of minor communication utilities and accessory communication devices that provide telephone and other communication functions, generally consistent with the following order of preference: LU 4.5 Limit the intrusiveness minor communication utilities could impose on communities by encouraging collocation of facilities and by requiring mitigation of visual and noise impacts. LU 29 and LU 30 are edited and split into new LU 4.1, LU 4.3 and LU 4.5. LU 4.3 Prohibit new major communication utilities, such as radio and television transmission towers, in single-family and multifamily residential zones and in pedestrian-oriented commercial/mixed-use zones, and encourage existing major communication utilities to relocate to nonresidential areas. LU 29 and LU 30 are edited and split into new LU 4.1, LU 4.3 and LU 4.5. 1. industrial, 2. downtown, 53 3. general commercial, 4. pedestrian-oriented commercial, and 5. residential. LU32 LU33 Impacts on nearby areas caused by minor communication utilities and accessory communication devices regulated by the City shall be limited. Allow minor communication utilities when they are developed in such a manner as to minimize impacts on nearby areas. Consider the following criteria: visual impacts, including antenna type, size and color, proximity to schools, neighborhood compatibility, land use and other impacts. In order to enhance current investments in the city, provide flexibility to maintain and improve existing structures. LU 4.4 Require major communication utilities to be developed in ways that limit impacts on nearby areas, including through development standards and design treatments that minimize visual impacts on neighboring properties and provide an overall appearance that is as compatible as possible with the uses permitted in the zone and the desired character of the area. LU G5 Establish development standards that guide building design to serve each zone’s function and produce the scale and character desired, while addressing public health, safety, and welfare. LU 5.1 Allow for flexibility in development standards so existing structures can be maintained and improved and new development can better respond to site-specific conditions. LU 5.2 Develop and apply appropriate development standards that provide predictability regarding the allowed intensity of development and expected development types for each zone. 54 LU34 LU35 Limit the maximum amount of lot area covered by a structure to maintain compatibility with the scale and character of an area, to provide an adequate proportion of open area on a site relative to the area occupied by structures, and to provide occupants with sufficient access to light and air, as appropriate to the intended character and use of an area. Use setbacks in residential areas to provide for adequate light, air, and open space, to help ensure privacy, and to maintain compatibility with the existing development pattern. Setbacks should also be used to separate residential uses from more intensive residential, commercial and LU 5.3 Control the massing of structures to make them compatible with the area’s planned scale, provide a reasonable ratio of open to occupied space on a site, and allow the building to receive adequate natural light. LU 5.4 Use maximum height limits to maintain the desired scale relationship between new structures, existing development, and the street environment; address varied topographic conditions; and limit public view blockage. In certain Downtown zones and in industrial zones, heights for certain types of development uniquely suited to those zones may be unlimited. LU 5.5 Provide for residents’ recreational needs on development sites by establishing standards for private or shared amenity areas such as rooftop decks, balconies, ground-level open spaces, or enclosed spaces. LU 5.6 Establish setbacks in residential areas as needed to allow for adequate light, air, and groundlevel open space; help provide privacy; promote compatibility with the existing development pattern; and separate residential uses from more intensive uses. 55 New policies LU 5.6, LU 5.7, LU 5.8 and LU 5.9 carries forward aspects of existing policies LU 35, LU 36, LU 37, LU 38 industrial uses. LU36 Outside of Urban Centers, use requirements for onsite open space or required yards to help ensure that new development maintains existing patterns of landscaped front yards, to encourage permeable surfaces and vegetation, and to mitigate the cumulative effects of development. LU 5.7 Employ development standards in residential zones that address the use of the ground level of new development sites to fit with existing patterns of landscaping, especially front yards in singlefamily residential areas, and to encourage permeable surfaces and vegetation. LU37 Explore setting limits on impervious surfaces or encouraging the use of other tools to increase storm water infiltration in appropriate areas. LU 5.8 Use landscaping requirements and other tools to limit impacts on the natural environment, including increasing stormwater infiltration where appropriate. LU38 Establish standards for screening and landscaping appropriate to each zone to minimize the impact of new development on the surrounding neighborhood, on the streetscape, on the natural environment and on areas with less intensive zoning. LU 5.9 Enhance the visual quality of an area through standards for screening and landscaping appropriate to each zone in order to limit the visual impact of new development on the surrounding neighborhood, the streetscape, and development in areas with less-intensive zoning. LU39 Preserve and enhance the City’s physical and aesthetic character and environment by: ENG 1 Foster healthy trees, vegetation, and soils to improve human health, provide wildlife habitats, improve drainage, give residents across the city access to nature, provide fresh food, and increase the quality of life for all Seattleites. • Preventing untimely and indiscriminate removal or destruction of trees • Providing incentives to property owners for tree retention • Providing protection to large trees • Providing special protection to exceptional trees that, EN 1.1 Seek to achieve an urban forest that contains a thriving and sustainable mix of tree species and ages, and that creates a contiguous and healthy 56 because of their unique historical, ecological, or aesthetic value, constitute an important community resource Use the following tools to protect trees, appropriate to the size, importance and location of a tree: • Providing flexibility in development standards EN 1.2 EN 1.3 • Promoting tree retention through the design review process • Promoting site planning and horticultural practices that are consistent with the reasonable use of property • Educating the public and development community concerning the value of retaining trees • Restricting the removal of trees on undeveloped land prior to review of a specific development proposal LU40 EN 1.4 ecosystem that is valued and cared for by the City and all Seattleites as an essential environmental, economic, and community asset. Strive to increase citywide tree canopy coverage to 30 percent by 2037 and to 40 percent over time. Use trees, vegetation, green stormwater infrastructure, amended soil, green roofs, and other low-impact development features to meet drainage needs and reduce the impacts of development. Increase the amount of permeable surface by reducing hardscape surfaces where possible and maximizing the use of permeable paving elsewhere. Use the following tools to protect trees, appropriate to the size, importance and location of a tree: • Providing flexibility in development standards • Promoting tree retention through the design review process • Promoting site planning and horticultural practices that are consistent with the reasonable 57 use of property • Educating the public and development community concerning the value of retaining trees • Restricting the removal of trees on undeveloped land prior to review of a specific development proposal LU41 Because of the many benefits that street trees provide to both property owners and the general public, encourage the preservation or planting of street trees as development occurs, except in locations where it is not possible to meet City standards intended to preserve public safety and utility networks. LU42 Regulate signs to facilitate adequate identification of businesses, reduce visual clutter, protect the public interest, provide opportunities for communicating information of community interest, and enhance the city’s appearance and safety. Adapt provisions to correspond with the character and scale intended for each area. LU43 Allow flexibility in the height or overall area of signs on existing or new buildings that use a comprehensive design plan to create visual harmony between the sign, the building and the site where it is located. LU 5.10 Regulate signage to encourage reasonable identification of businesses and to communicate information of community interest while limiting visual clutter, protecting the public interest, and enhancing the city’s appearance and safety. 58 LU44 Establish maximum permitted noise levels to reduce health hazards and nuisance factors associated with noise generated by some uses. Set maximum permitted noise levels that take into account both the function of the area from which the noise emanates and the function of areas where the noise may be heard. LU 5.11 Establish maximum permitted noise levels that account for both the function of the noiseproducing area and the function of areas where the noise may be heard in order to reduce the health hazards and nuisance factors associated with some uses. LU45 Require uses identified as major noise generators, due to the type of equipment used or the nature of the activity, to take additional measures to reduce noise so that they can meet permitted noise levels. LU 5.12 Identify uses as major noise generators based on the noise associated with certain equipment operations or the nature of a particular activity and regulate these uses to reduce noise to acceptable levels. LU46 Regulate uses and activities that have operations that generate air emissions such as dust, smoke, solvent fumes or odors, in order to maintain and encourage successful commercial and industrial activities while protecting employees, clients, nearby residents, the general public and the natural environment from the impacts that odors and airborne pollutants may cause. LU 5.13 Regulate activities that generate air emissions such as dust, smoke, solvent fumes, or odors, in order to maintain and encourage successful commercial and industrial activities while protecting employees, clients, nearby residents, the general public, and the natural environment from the potential impacts. LU47 Establish controls on the direction and maximum height of lighting, and the glare from reflective materials used on the exterior of structures. The intent of this policy is to provide for the illumination of structures, parking areas, recreation areas and outdoor LU 5.14 Establish controls on the placement, direction, and maximum height of lighting and on the glare from reflective materials used on the exterior of structures in order to limit impacts on surrounding uses, enhance the character of the city, and encourage energy 59 storage areas, while limiting light and glare on surrounding uses, enhancing the urban character of the city, and encouraging energy conservation. LU48 Seek to preserve views through: conservation. LU 5.15 • land use regulations that address view impacts with height, bulk, scale, view corridor and design review provisions; • environmental policies that protect specified public views, including views of mountains, major bodies of water, designated landmarks, and the Downtown skyline. • application of adopted environmental policy to protect public views, including views of mountains, major bodies of water, designated landmarks and the Downtown skyline, in review of development projects. Regulate the location of offstreet parking and the size and location of curbcuts to reduce parking and vehicle traffic impacts on pedestrians and residential and commercial streetscapes, and to prevent • zoning that considers views, with special emphasis on shoreline views; • development standards that help to reduce impacts on views, including height, bulk, scale, and view corridor provisions, as well as design review guidelines; and • zoning policy that considers the effect of zone designations on views, with special emphasis on protection of views related to shoreline areas; and LU G5 Address view protection through LU 5.16 Require higher-density development to offset its impacts through mechanisms such as incentives for landmark preservation, open space amenities, and affordable housing. LU G6 Regulate off-street parking to address parking demand in ways that reduce reliance on automobiles, lower construction costs, create attractive and walkable environments, and promote economic development 60 new obstacles to commerce and traffic flow. LUG4 LUG6 LUG7 Establish off-street parking requirements for new development to provide parking for the occupants of the structure. Set off-street parking requirements to reduce reliance on automobiles, promote economic development, and reduce housing costs. LU 6.1 LU 6.2 Encourage the use of alternatives to single-occupant vehicles and the use of smaller, more energy efficient automobiles through the City’s LU regulation of parking, including 6.3 the amount of parking required, design of parking, location of parking, and access to parking. Establish off-street parking requirements for new development to provide parking for the occupants of the structure. Set off-street parking requirements to reduce reliance on automobiles, promote economic development, and reduce housing costs. LU49 throughout the city. Establish parking requirements where appropriate for both single-occupant vehicles and their alternatives at levels that further this Plan’s goal to increase the use of public transit, car pools, walking, and bicycles as alternatives to the use of singleoccupant vehicles. Modify residential parking regulations, where parking is required, to recognize differences in the likely auto use and ownership of intended occupants of new developments, such as projects provided for lowincome, elderly, or disabled residents. Rely on market forces to determine the amount of parking provided in areas of the city that are well-served by transit, such as urban centers and urban villages. Recognize the different ways that parking is used by residents, businesses, customers, and employees when determining parking regulations. Generally support short-term parking for customers of businesses and longer-term parking for residents, while discouraging 61 Existing goals LUG4, LUG6, LUG7 and Policy LU 49 were edited and revised to become new policies LU 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3. longer-term parking for employees who could use modes other than singleoccupant vehicles to get to work. Seek to further this Plan’s goal of encouraging the use of public transit, carpools, walking, and bicycles as alternatives to the use of single-occupancy vehicles when setting parking requirements for both singleoccupant vehicles and their alternatives. When setting new requirements for offstreet parking, balance the goals of accommodating the parking demand generated by new development and avoiding on-street congestion of parked cars with the goals of lowering construction costs and discouraging singleoccupant vehicles. Recognize differences in the likely auto use and ownership of the intended occupants of new development, such as lowincome elderly or disabled residents, when setting parking requirements. LU50 In urban centers and urban villages, consider removing minimum parking requirements and setting parking maximums in recognition of the increased pedestrian, bicycle and transit accessibility these areas already provide or have planned. Parking requirements for urban centers and villages should LU 6.4 Consider setting parking maximums in urban centers and urban villages, where high levels of pedestrian, bicycle, and transit accessibility make many trips possible without a car. 62 account for local conditions and planning objectives. LU51 Establish requirements for bicycle parking in larger developments to encourage bicycle ownership and use in order to promote energy conservation, public health and reductions in traffic congestion. LU 6.5 LU52 In order to maintain an attractive street level environment, to facilitate pedestrian and vehicular traffic circulation, to minimize adverse impacts of parking on adjacent areas and structures, to sustain on-street parking, and, where appropriate, to maintain or create a continuity of street fronts, generally prohibit street level parking between buildings and the street, restrict the number and size of curbcuts, and require alley access to parking when a surfaced alley is accessible to the rear of a building, and not prevented by topography. Establish bicycle parking requirements to encourage bicycle ownership and use. LU 6.6 LU 6.7 LU6.12 63 Limit the off-street impacts on pedestrians and surrounding areas by restricting the number and size of automobile curb cuts, and by generally requiring alley access to parking when there is an accessible, surfaced alley that is not used primarily for loading and when not prevented by topography. Prohibit most street-level parking between buildings and the street in multifamily zones and pedestrian-oriented commercial zones in order to maintain an attractive and safe street-level environment, facilitate the movement of pedestrian and vehicular traffic, minimize adverse impacts on nearby areas and structures, and, where appropriate, maintain or create continuous street fronts. LU 52 was revised and edited to become LU 6.6 and LU 6.7 Locate off-street parking facilities to minimize impacts on the pedestrian environment, especially in areas designated for active pedestrian use. LU53 Permit shared and off-site parking facilities in order to encourage the efficient use of parking and to provide the flexibility to develop parking on a separate site. Ensure that such parking is compatible with the existing or desired character of the area and ensure that such parking is available for the duration of the use requiring the parking. LU 6.8 Allow shared off-site parking facilities for more efficient use of parking and to provide the flexibility to develop parking on a site separate from the development site. Ensure that such parking is compatible with the existing or desired character of the area. LU 6.9 Require parking in areas with limited transit access and set the requirements to discourage underused parking facilities, even if occasional spillover parking could result. LU 6.10 Allow parking management provisions in select commercial and multifamily residential areas to include measures such as cooperative parking, shared parking, shared vehicles, restricted access, car pools, van pools, or transit pass subsidies. LU 6.11 Achieve greater parking efficiency by allowing fewer parking spaces per business when several businesses share customer 64 parking, thereby enabling customers to park once and walk to numerous businesses. LU53.1 When designing parking facilities in City parks, strive to preserve parks open space, green space, trees and other mature vegetation; limit parking to discourage auto use and discourage the conversion of surface area to parking for private automobiles. LU 6.13 Limit parking in City parks to discourage auto use and to limit the use of parkland for parking private cars; where parking is needed, design parking facilities in ways that preserve open space, green space, and trees and other mature vegetation. LU54 Prohibit single-use parking in areas where it would be incompatible with the intended function of the area. LU 6.14 Prohibit principal-use parking in places where that parking would be incompatible with the area’s intended function. LU 6.15 LU55 Employ a design review process to promote development that: LU 5.18 • Enhances the character of the city • Respects the surrounding neighborhood context, including historic resources • Enhances and protects the natural environment • Allows for diversity and creativity in building design and site planning • Furthers community design and development objectives Seek excellence in new development through a design review process that encourages multiple perspectives on design issues and that complements development regulations, allowing for flexibility in the application of development standards to achieve quality design that • enhances the character of the city; • Allows desired intensities of development to be achieved • respects the surrounding neighborhood context, including historic resources; • 65 enhances and protects the natural environment; • allows for variety and creativity in building design and site planning; • furthers community design and development objectives; • achieves desired intensities of development; and • responds to the increasingly diverse social and cultural character of the city. LU56 Permit, through Council or administrative conditional use approval, planned developments on large sites that allow variations from established standards to promote quality design compatible with the character of the area, enhance and preserve natural features and functions, encourage the construction of affordable housing, allow for development and design flexibility, and protect and prevent harm in environmentally critical areas. Do not consider such developments as sole evidence of changed circumstances to justify future rezones of the site or adjacent single-family zoned properties. LU 7.11 Permit, through Council or administrative conditional use approval, variations from established standards for planned large developments in singlefamily areas, to promote high-quality design that ● is compatible with the character of the area, ● enhances and preserves natural features and functions, ● encourages the construction of affordable housing, ● allows for development and design flexibility, and ● protects environmentally critical 66 areas. Such developments should not be considered as sole evidence of changed circumstances to justify future rezones of the site or adjacent properties. LUG8 Preserve and protect low-density, single-family neighborhoods that provide opportunities for homeownership, that are attractive to households with children and other residents, that provide residents with privacy and open spaces immediately accessible to residents, and where the amount of impervious surface can be limited. LUG9 Preserve the character of singlefamily residential areas and discourage the demolition of singlefamily residences and displacement of residents, in a way that encourages rehabilitation and provides housing opportunities throughout the city. The character of single-family areas includes use, development, and density characteristics. LUG10 Provide for different intensities of single-family areas to reflect differences in the existing and desired character of single-family LU G7 67 Provide opportunities for detached single-family and other compatible housing options that have low height, bulk, and scale in order to serve a broad array of households and incomes and to maintain an intensity of development that is appropriate for areas with limited access to services, infrastructure constraints, fragile environmental conditions, or that are otherwise not conducive to more intensive development. areas across the city. Allow development that is generally consistent with the levels of infrastructure development and environmental conditions in each area. Include opportunities for low-cost subsidized housing in single-family areas. LU57 Designate as single-family residential areas, those areas that are predominantly developed with single-family structures and are large enough to maintain a lowdensity development pattern. LU 7.1 Designate as single-family residential areas those portions of the city that are predominantly developed with singlefamily houses and that are large enough to maintain a consistent residential character of low height, bulk, and scale over several blocks. LU58 Use a range of single-family zones to: LU 7.2 Use a range of singlefamily zones to • Maintain the current density and character of existing single-family areas; • maintain the current low-height and low-bulk character of designated single-family areas; • Protect areas of the lowest intensity of development that are currently in predominantly singlefamily residential use, or that have environmental or infrastructure constraints, such as environmentally critical areas; or • protect designated single-family areas that are predominantly in singlefamily residential use or that have environmental or infrastructure constraints; • Respond to neighborhood plan policies calling for opportunities for redevelopment or infill development that maintains the single-family character of an area, but allows for a greater range of residential housing types, such as carriage houses, tandem houses, or cottages. • allow different densities that reflect historical development patterns; and • respond to neighborhood plans calling 68 for redevelopment or infill development that maintains the single-family character of the area but also allows for a greater range of housing types. LU 7.3 LU59 Permit upzones of land designated single-family and meeting singlefamily rezone criteria, only when all of the following conditions are met: • The land is within an urban center or urban village boundary. • The rezone is provided for in an adopted neighborhood plan. • The rezone is to a low-scale singlefamily, multifamily or mixed-use zone, compatible with single-family areas. • The rezone procedures are followed. LU60 Apply small lot single-family zones to single-family property meeting single-family rezone criteria only when all of the following conditions are met: • The land is within an urban center or urban village boundary. • The rezone is provided for in an 69 Consider allowing redevelopment or infill development of singlefamily areas inside urban centers and villages, where new development would maintain the low height and bulk that characterize the single-family area, while allowing a wider range of housing types. adopted neighborhood plan. • The rezone procedures are followed. LU61 Affirm and encourage residential use by one household as the principal use in single-family residential areas and the primary use permitted outright. LU62 Limit the number and types of nonresidential uses permitted in singlefamily residential areas to protect those areas from the negative impacts of incompatible uses. LU 7.6 Limit the number and types of nonresidential uses allowed in singlefamily residential areas and apply appropriate development standards in order to protect those areas from the negative impacts of incompatible uses. LU63 In order to maintain single-family areas in residential use, prohibit parking lots or other uses accessory to permitted uses in abutting higher intensity zones from expanding into single-family residential areas. LU 7.7 Prohibit parking lots or other activities that are part of permitted uses in neighboring higherintensity zones from locating or expanding in single-family residential areas. LU64 In order to create attractive and affordable rental opportunities and provide greater flexibility for homeowners, permit accessory dwelling units in single-family zones, subject to regulations designed to limit impacts and protect neighborhood character. LU 7.5 Encourage accessory dwelling units and other housing types that are attractive and affordable to a broad range of households and incomes and that are compatible with the development pattern and building scale in single-family areas. LU65 Control the location, scale, access and development standards of institutions and facilities in singlefamily areas in order to reduce negative impacts such as noise, Allow detached singlefamily dwellings as the principal use permitted outright in single-family residential areas. See new LUG13 and corresponding new policies relating to 70 traffic and parking problems and protect Seattle’s single-family housing stock through a conditional use or master planning process that considers: Major Institutions. 1. Concentration of institutions of facilities 2. Bulk and siting 3. Traffic and parking 4. Demolition of residential structures 5. Height and scale LU66 Use minimum lot size requirements to maintain a low-density residential environment while reflecting differences in development conditions and the densities and scale of housing in various singlefamily residential areas. LU 7.8 Use minimum lot size requirements to maintain the character of singlefamily residential areas and to reflect the differences in environmental and development conditions and densities found in various single-family areas throughout the city. LU67 Permit exceptions to minimum lot size requirements to recognize building sites created in the public records under previous codes, to allow the consolidation of very small lots into larger lots, to adjust lot lines to permit more orderly development patterns, and to provide housing opportunity through the creation of additional buildable sites which are compatible with surrounding lots and do not result in the demolition of existing housing. LU 7.9 Allow exceptions to minimum lot size requirements to recognize building sites created under earlier regulations and historical platting patterns, to allow the consolidation of very small lots into larger lots, to adjust lot lines to permit more orderly development patterns, and to provide more housing opportunities by creating additional buildable sites that integrate well with surrounding lots and do 71 not result in the demolition of existing housing. LU68 Allow the development of detached single-family dwellings that are compatible with the existing pattern of development and the character of each single-family neighborhood. LU69 Reflect the character of existing low- LU 8.0 density development through the regulation of scale, siting, structure orientation, and setbacks. LU 5.2 Reflect the character of existing low-density development through the regulation of scale, siting, structure orientation, and setbacks. Develop and apply appropriate development standards that provide predictability regarding the allowed intensity of development and expected development types for each zone. LU 7.12 Emphasize measures that can increase housing choices for low-income individuals and families when considering changes to development standards in single-family areas. New, emphasizes equity LU 5.1 Develop and apply appropriate development standards that provide predictability regarding the allowed intensity of development and expected development New policies 5.1 to 5.6 provide general descriptions of how to regulate height, bulk 72 types for each zone. LU70 Establish height limitations in single- LU 5.4 family residential areas that establish predictable maximum heights, maintain a consistent height limit throughout the building envelope, maintain the scale relationship between a structure and its site, address varying topographic conditions, control view blockage and encourage pitched roofs. Use maximum height limits to maintain the desired scale relationship between new structures, existing development, and the street environment; address varied topographic conditions; and limit public view blockage. In certain Downtown zones and in industrial zones, heights for certain types of development uniquely suited to those zones may be unlimited. LUG11 Encourage the development and retention of a diversity of multifamily housing types to meet the diverse needs of Seattle’s present and future populations. LU G8 Allow a variety of housing types and densities that is suitable for a wide range of households and income levels, including opportunities for both home ownership and renting, and that promotes walking and transit use near employment concentrations, residential services, and amenities. LUG12 Promote a residential development pattern consistent with the urban village strategy, with increased availability of housing at densities that promote walking and transit 73 and other development standards, applicable across different zones. Re-written to emphasize connection with urban village strategy use near employment concentrations, residential services and amenities. LU71 Designate as multifamily residential areas, existing areas predominantly occupied by multifamily development, as well as areas where greater residential development is desired to increase housing opportunities and promote development intensities consistent with the urban village strategy. LU 8.1 Designate as multifamily residential areas those places that either are predominantly occupied by multifamily development or are within urban centers or urban villages. LU72 Maintain a variety of multifamily zoning classifications to permit development at low, moderate and high densities with a variety of scales and configurations appropriate to the specific conditions and development objectives of different areas within the city. LU 8.2 Maintain a variety of multifamily zoning classifications that allow development at different densities, scales, and configurations and that are well suited to the variety of specific conditions and development goals in diverse areas of the city. LU 8.3 Provide housing for Seattleites at all income levels in development that is compatible with the desired neighborhood character and that contributes to high-quality, livable urban neighborhoods. LU 8.4 Establish evaluation criteria for rezoning land LU73 Balance the objective to increase opportunities for new housing development to ensure adequate housing for Seattle’s residents with the equally important objective of ensuring that new development is compatible with neighborhood character. LU74 Establish rezone evaluation criteria that consider: maintaining 74 New, emphasizing equity compatible scale, preserving views, enhancing the streetscape and pedestrian environment, and achieving an efficient use of the land without major disruption of the natural environment. to multifamily designations that support the urban village strategy, create desirable multifamily residential neighborhoods, maintain compatible scale, respect views, enhance the streetscape and pedestrian environment, and achieve an efficient use of the land without major impact on the natural environment. LU75 Limit the multifamily zones to areas that do not meet the single-family zone criteria, except in circumstances where an adopted neighborhood plan indicates that a different zone is more appropriate. LU76 Provide flexibility in rezone criteria for rezoning multifamily residential areas to compatible neighborhood commercial zones, if approved in an adopted neighborhood plan. LU 8.5 Allow multifamily areas to be reclassified to compatible pedestrianfriendly commercial/mixed-use areas, when such action is consistent with the urban village strategy or approved in an adopted neighborhood plan. LU77 Establish multifamily residential use as the predominant use in multifamily areas, to preserve the character of multifamily residential areas and preserve development opportunities for multifamily use. LU 8.6 Establish multifamily residential use as the predominant use in multifamily areas and limit the number and type of nonresidential uses to preserve the residential character of these areas, protect these areas from negative impacts of incompatible uses, and maintain development opportunities for residential use. 75 Existing LU 77 and LU 78 were combined into new LU 8.6 LU78 Limit the number and type of nonresidential uses permitted in multifamily residential areas to protect these areas from negative impacts of incompatible uses. LU79 Provide zoning classifications that permit limited amounts of commercial use in what are otherwise residential zones in order to either provide retail and service uses in close proximity to residents in the densest multifamily environment or to create transitions between commercial and multifamily areas LU80 Provide for predictability about the allowed intensity of development with appropriate development standards and density limits LU 5.2 Develop and apply appropriate development standards that provide predictability regarding the allowed intensity of development and expected development types for each zone. LU 5.4 Use maximum height limits to maintain the desired scale relationship between new structures, existing development, and the street environment; address varied topographic conditions; and limit public view blockage. In certain Downtown zones and in industrial zones, heights for certain types of development uniquely suited to those zones may be unlimited. LU 5.3 Control the massing of structures to make them for each zone to accommodate a range of housing types and achieve development that meets the policy intent for each zone. LU81 Limit building heights to establish predictable maximum heights, maintain scale relationships with adjacent buildings, and limit view blockage. Allow for a variety of roof forms, and allow additional height to encourage pitched roofs, where appropriate. LU82 Determine the appropriate height for an area according to the policy intent for each multifamily classification. LU83 Limit bulk to ensure that buildings contribute to the desired pattern of 76 development for the applicable multifamily zone, to compatible with the area’s planned scale, provide a reasonable ratio of open to occupied space on a site, and allow the building to receive adequate natural light. maintain compatibility with the surrounding areas, and to encourage infill and single lot development where appropriate. LU84 Deleted (Ordinance 122610) LU85 Establish building setback requirements from property lines, as appropriate for the type and scale of multifamily development allowed in the zone. This is to help ensure access to light and air, to provide a sense of privacy, and to provide adequate transition between zones of different intensities. LU 5.6 Establish setbacks in residential areas as needed to allow for adequate light, air, and ground-level open space; help provide privacy; promote compatibility with the existing development pattern; and separate residential uses from more intensive uses. LU86 Provide for the recreational needs of residents with standards for amenity areas that may include private or shared open space, whether in the form of rooftop decks, balconies or ground-level spaces. LU 8.7 Encourage multifamily developments with units that have direct access to residential amenities, such as ground-level open space, to increase their appeal for families with children. LU 5.5 77 Provide for residents’ recreational needs on development sites by establishing standards for private or shared amenity areas such as rooftop decks, balconies, groundlevel open spaces, or enclosed spaces. LU87 Deleted (Ordinance 122610) LU88 Allow limited projections of specific architectural features, such as open balconies, decks and bay windows, over the required setbacks to add visual interest to buildings, provided such projections are at a specified distance from property lines and do not adversely affect neighboring lots. LU89 Allow exceptions to parking development standards to encourage and facilitate development of ground-related housing, avoid creating additional construction costs, and to buffer areas of low intensity development. LUG13 Provide opportunities for infill development in areas already characterized by low-density multifamily development. LUG14 Create transitions in development intensity between single-family zones and more intensive multifamily or commercial areas. LU90 Deleted (Ordinance 122610) LU91 Maintain compatibility with singlefamily development through limits on the permitted height and bulk of new development. LU 8.8 Allow a variety of attached housing types to accommodate a wide diversity of households in multifamily zones. LU 5.6 Establish setbacks in residential areas as needed to allow for adequate light, air, and ground-level open space; help provide privacy; promote compatibility with the existing development pattern; and separate residential uses from more intensive uses. LU 5.2 Develop and apply appropriate development standards that provide predictability regarding the allowed intensity of 78 development and expected development types for each zone. LU 5.3 LU 5.4 LU92 Establish a range of low-density multifamily zones to accommodate a range of housing choices that: LU 8.9 -Provide opportunities for multifamily infill development compatible with surrounding zones; -Allow for densities and building types that encourage both new construction and the conversion of 79 Control the massing of structures to make them compatible with the area’s planned scale, provide a reasonable ratio of open to occupied space on a site, and allow the building to receive adequate natural light. Use maximum height limits to maintain the desired scale relationship between new structures, existing development, and the street environment; address varied topographic conditions; and limit public view blockage. In certain Downtown zones and in industrial zones, heights for certain types of development uniquely suited to those zones may be unlimited. Establish low-rise multifamily zones to accommodate various housing choices in the lowto moderate-density range, including walk-up apartments, town houses, row houses, duplexes, triplexes, and cottage housing. existing structures; and -Provide for multifamily development where units have direct access to residential amenities, which may include ground-level open space, to increase opportunities for families with children. LU 5.5 Provide for residents’ recreational needs on development sites by establishing standards for private or shared amenity areas such as rooftop decks, balconies, groundlevel open spaces, or enclosed spaces. LU93 Use low-density multifamily areas to provide for transitional densities between single-family neighborhoods and more intense commercial and residential uses. LU 8.10 Designate low-rise multifamily zones in places where low-scale buildings can provide a gradual transition between singlefamily zones and more intensive multifamily or commercial areas. LU94 In order to maintain a consistent and appealing character in lowdensity multifamily areas, adopt development standards that help ensure new development and converted structures contribute positively to the character of multifamily neighborhoods and are compatible with abutting singlefamily zoned areas in terms of scale, open space and setbacks, siting, and unit orientation. LU G5 Establish development standards that guide building design to serve each zone’s function and produce the scale and character desired, while addressing public health, safety, and welfare. LU 5.1 Allow for flexibility in development standards so existing structures can be maintained and improved and new development can better respond to sitespecific conditions. Develop and apply appropriate development standards that provide predictability regarding the 80 LUG15 Provide for the concentration of housing in areas where public transit and local services are conveniently available and accessible on foot. LU95 Use moderate-density multifamily zones in multifamily areas to provide additional housing opportunities, by: LU 5.2 allowed intensity of development and expected development types for each zone. LU 8.11 Use midrise multifamily zones to provide greater concentrations of housing in urban villages and urban centers. LU 8.12 Emphasize residential character in the development standards for midrise multifamily zones and allow for scale and building types that differ from those in less intensive residential areas to accommodate a greater density of development to support nearby businesses. • Encouraging infill projects and conversions of existing buildings which are compatible with existing mixes of houses and small-tomoderate scale apartment buildings; or • Providing for new residential development at moderate densities which can fill in vacant or underdeveloped sites in neighborhoods with existing moderate density residential structures. LU96 Emphasize residential character in the development standards for moderate density multifamily zones and provide for a scale of development and building types that differs from those of singlefamily and low-density multifamily areas in order to accommodate increased residential densities. Establish development 81 LU G5 LU 5.1 LU 5.2 LU97 Promote denser but still humanscaled multifamily neighborhoods by permitting building types that allow for multifamily walk-up apartments, with height limits and development standards that promote a strong relationship between individual dwellings and the ground level. LU 5.4 82 standards that guide building design to serve each zone’s function and produce the scale and character desired, while addressing public health, safety, and welfare. Allow for flexibility in development standards so existing structures can be maintained and improved and new development can better respond to sitespecific conditions. Develop and apply appropriate development standards that provide predictability regarding the allowed intensity of development and expected development types for each zone. Use maximum height limits to maintain the desired scale relationship between new structures, existing development, and the street environment; address varied topographic conditions; and limit public view blockage. In certain Downtown zones and in industrial zones, heights for certain types of development uniquely suited to those zones may be unlimited. LU 5.5 LU98 Accommodate housing at densities sufficient to promote pedestrian activity and frequent transit service, as well as support local businesses providing neighborhood services. LU99 Because low-income elderly and low-income disabled persons create lesser impacts than the general population, allow higher maximum density limits in moderate density multifamily zones for housing these populations to reduce costs and provide sufficient density to make the development of such housing feasible. LUG16 Accommodate the greatest concentration of housing in desirable, pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods having convenient access to regional transit stations, where the mix of activity provides convenient access to a full range of residential services and amenities, and opportunities for people to live within walking distance of employment. LU100 Use a range of high-density multifamily zones in desirable pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods with access to LU 8.13 83 Provide for residents’ recreational needs on development sites by establishing standards for private or shared amenity areas such as rooftop decks, balconies, groundlevel open spaces, or enclosed spaces. Use high-rise multifamily zoning designations only in urban centers, where the mix of activities offers Existing LU 100 was edited to create two regional transit, a broad range of services and amenities and access to employment to: convenient access to regional transit and to a full range of residential services and amenities, as well as to jobs. • Encourage housing development of a medium to large scale with heights greater than those in lowrise zones; • Accommodate larger scale structures while maintaining the livability of these communities, including measures which minimize the appearance of bulk; or • Allow high-density residential development in urban centers and hub urban villages. LU101 Permit street level commercial uses serving the needs of the residential population in order to promote an active street environment and allow for greater access to services in high-density neighborhoods. LU102 Use zoning incentives and other development-related tools to provide for, or preserve, public benefits. Public benefits or other features may include housing affordable to low- and moderateincome households, preservation of historic resources or provision of new public open space. LUG17 Create strong and successful commercial and mixed-use areas that encourage business creation, expansion and vitality by allowing for a mix of business activities, while maintaining compatibility with the LU 8.15 Permit street-level commercial uses in midrise and high-rise neighborhoods to allow residents greater access to services and to promote an active street environment without detracting from the overall residential character desired for highdensity neighborhoods. LU G9 Create and maintain successful commercial/mixed-use areas that provide a focus for the surrounding neighborhood and that 84 new policies: LU 8.13 and LU 8.14 neighborhood-serving character of business districts, and the character of surrounding areas. encourage new businesses, provide stability and expansion opportunities for existing businesses, and promote neighborhood vitality, while also accommodating residential development in livable environments. LUG18 Support the development and maintenance of areas with a wide range of characters and functions that provide for the employment, service, retail and housing needs of Seattle’s existing and future population. LUG19 Include housing as part of the mix of activities accommodated in commercial areas in order to provide additional opportunities for residents to live in neighborhoods where they can walk to services and employment. LU103 Prioritize the preservation, improvement and expansion of existing commercial areas over the creation of new business districts. LU 9.1 Prioritize the preservation, improvement, and expansion of existing commercial/mixed-use areas over the creation of new business districts in order to strengthen the existing areas. LU104 Consistent with the urban village strategy, prefer the development of compact concentrated commercial areas, or nodes, in which many businesses can be easily accessed by pedestrians, to the designation of diffuse, sprawling commercial areas along arterials, which often require driving from one business to another. LU 9.2 Encourage the development of compact, concentrated commercial/mixed-use areas, in urban centers and urban villages, where pedestrians can easily access transit and a variety of businesses. 85 LU105 Designate as mixed-use commercial areas, existing areas that provide locations for accommodating the employment, service, retail and housing needs of Seattle’s existing and future population. Allow for a wide range in the character and function of individual areas consistent with the urban village strategy. LU106 Provide a range of commercial zone classifications, which provide different mixes and intensities of activity, varying scales of development, varying degrees of residential or commercial orientation, and varying degrees of pedestrian or auto orientation and relationship to surrounding areas depending on their role in the urban village strategy and community goals as voiced in adopted neighborhood plans. LU 9.3 Provide a range of commercial-zone classifications to allow different mixes and intensities of activity, varying scales of development, varying degrees of residential or commercial orientation, and varying degrees of pedestrian or auto orientation. LU107 Distinguish between pedestrianoriented commercial zones which are compatible with and easily accessible to their surrounding neighborhoods, and general commercial zones which are intended to accommodate commercial uses dependent on automobile or truck access. LU 9.4 Apply development standards that distinguish between pedestrianoriented commercial zones, which are compatible with and easily accessible from their surrounding neighborhoods, and general commercial zones, which accommodate uses that are more dependent on automobile access. LU G5 86 Establish development standards that guide building design to serve each zone’s function and produce the scale and character desired, while addressing public health, safety, and welfare. LU 5.1 LU 5.2 LUG20 Encourage diverse uses that contribute to the city’s total employment base and provide the goods and services needed by the city’s residents and businesses to locate and remain in the city’s Commercial areas. LU108 Provide for a wide range of uses in commercial areas. Allow, prohibit or allow under specified conditions uses according to the intended pedestrian, automobile or residential orientation of the area, the area’s role in the urban village strategy and the impacts the uses can be expected to have on the commercial area and surrounding areas. LU 9.5 87 Allow for flexibility in development standards so existing structures can be maintained and improved and new development can better respond to sitespecific conditions. Develop and apply appropriate development standards that provide predictability regarding the allowed intensity of development and expected development types for each zone. Support a wide range of uses in commercial areas, taking into account the intended pedestrian, automobile, or residential orientation of the area, the area’s role in the urban village strategy, and the impacts that the uses could have on surrounding areas. LU109 Consider limits on the size of specific uses in commercial areas when those limits would: LU 9.7 • Help ensure that the scale of uses is compatible with the character and function of the commercial area; Apply limits on the size of specific uses in commercial areas when those limits would • help ensure that the scale of uses is compatible with the character and function of the commercial area; • Encourage uses likely to draw significant traffic to an area to locate where traffic impacts can best be handled; • Promote compatible land use and transportation patterns; and • discourage uses likely to attract significant vehicular traffic from locating in pedestrianoriented commercial areas; • Foster healthy commercial development. • promote compatible land use and transportation patterns; • foster healthy commercial development; or • provide opportunities for small local businesses to locate, especially in ethnically relevant business districts throughout the city. LU110 Discourage establishment or expansion of uses identified as heavy traffic generators. Review proposals for such uses in order to control traffic impacts associated with such uses and ensure that the use is compatible with the character of the commercial area and its surroundings. LU 9.8 88 Limit the creation or expansion of uses that generate high volumes of vehicle traffic by reviewing proposals for such uses in order to control the associated traffic impacts and ensure that the uses are compatible with the character of the commercial area and its surroundings. LU111 Regulate drive-in businesses and accessory drive-in facilities through development standards that vary according to the function of the commercial area in order to minimize traffic impacts and pedestrian-vehicle conflicts, avoid disruption of an area’s business frontage, and improve the appearance of the commercial area. LU 9.9 LU112 Prohibit or limit the location and LU 9.10 size of outdoor uses and activities in specified commercial areas according to the function of the area and proximity to residentially zoned lots, in order to maintain and improve the continuity of the commercial street front, reduce the visual and noise impacts associated with such outdoor activities, and maintain compatibility with adjacent residential areas. LU113 Allow residential use in commercial areas to encourage housing in close proximity to shopping, services, and employment opportunities. Encourage residential uses in and near pedestrian-oriented commercial areas to provide housing close to employment and services. LU 9.6 89 Limit new drive-in businesses and accessory drive-in facilities in pedestrian-oriented commercial/mixed-use areas and in other locations by using development standards that address the potential for traffic impacts, pedestrian-vehicle conflicts, and disruption of an area’s business frontage, as well as the overall appearance of the commercial area. Prohibit or limit the location and size of outdoor uses and activities in certain commercial areas, according to the area’s function and its proximity to residentially zoned lots, in order to maintain and improve the continuity of the commercial street front, reduce the visual and noise impacts associated with such outdoor activities, and remain compatible with adjacent residential areas. Encourage housing in mixed-use developments in pedestrian-oriented commercial/mixed-use areas to provide additional opportunities for residents to live in neighborhoods where they can walk to transit, services, and employment. LU 115 LU116 Conserve commercially zoned land for commercial uses by limiting street-level residential uses in areas intended to function as concentrated commercial areas or nodes. Consider allowing streetlevel residential uses outside of those areas in order to reinforce the commercial nodes and accommodate fluctuating market conditions. When street-level residential uses are permitted, seek to provide privacy for ground floor tenants and visual interest along the street-front. Provide open space as part of residential development in commercial areas to ensure open space amenities are available to residents. Street level residential requirements should account for local conditions and planning objectives. Seek to focus development in transit and pedestrian-friendly urban villages while maintaining compatibility between new LU 9.11 Preserve active streetscapes in pedestrianoriented commercial/mixed-use areas by limiting residential uses along the street frontage of the ground floor and by keeping those spaces available primarily for commercial uses and other uses that help activate the street, in order to strengthen business districts. LU 9.12 Consider allowing streetlevel residential uses outside pedestrianoriented areas and, when street-level residential uses are permitted, identify ways to give ground-floor tenants privacy and to create visual interest along the street front. LU 9.13 Provide amenity areas for use by residents of housing in commercial/mixed-use areas. LU 9.17 Use a development pattern, mix of uses, and intensity of activity generally oriented to 90 New. LU 115 was edited and the content moved into LU 9.11, LU 9.12 and LU 9.13. New policy LU 9.17 combines aspects of development and the surrounding area through standards regulating the size and density of development. pedestrian and transit use in pedestrian-oriented commercial/mixed-use zones to achieve • a compatible blend of commercial and residential uses; • strong, healthy business districts that reinforce a sense of place while providing essential goods, services, and livelihoods for Seattleites, especially residents who are within walking distance of these places; • mixes of commercial activity that are compatible with development in adjacent areas; • residential development that is both appealing to residents and compatible with the desired commercial function of the area; and • an active, attractive, accessible, walkable pedestrian environment with continuous commercial street frontages. LU9.18 91 Apply pedestrian-oriented commercial zones in places where residential uses are in close proximity and where the allowed existing LU 116, LU 117 and LU 118. development intensity conforms in size and scale to the community it serves. LU117 LU118 Generally permit a greater intensity of development in pedestrian and transit supportive environments found in pedestrian-oriented commercial areas within urban villages than is permitted in general commercial areas or outside of urban villages. LU 9.17 Ensure a compatible scale and intensity of development and control such impacts as shadows, bulk, and traffic associated with high-rise development through density limits for development in commercial zones. Use a development pattern, mix of uses, and intensity of activity generally oriented to pedestrian and transit use in pedestrian-oriented commercial/mixed-use zones to achieve: • a compatible blend of commercial and residential uses; • strong, healthy business districts that reinforce a sense of place while providing essential goods, services, and livelihoods for Seattleites, especially residents who are within walking distance of these places; • mixes of commercial activity that are compatible with development in adjacent areas; • residential development that is both appealing to residents and compatible with the desired commercial function of the area; and • an active, attractive, accessible, walkable pedestrian environment with continuous commercial street 92 frontages. LU119 Manage the bulk of structures in commercial areas to maintain compatibility with the scale and character of commercial areas and their surroundings, to limit the impact on views, and to provide light, air, and open space amenities for occupants. LU 5.3 LU120 Assign height limits to commercial LU 9.14 areas independently of the commercial zone designations. Allow different areas within a zone to be assigned different height limits based on the appropriate height needed to: • Further the urban village strategy’s goals of focusing growth in urban villages; • Accommodate the desired functions and intensity of development; Control the massing of structures to make them compatible with the area’s planned scale, provide a reasonable ratio of open to occupied space on a site, and allow the building to receive adequate natural light. Assign height limits to commercial/mixed-use areas independent of the commercial zone designations but consistent with the intended intensity of development in the zone. Allow different areas within a zone to be assigned different height limits based on the need to ● further the urban village strategy’s goals of focusing growth in urban villages, • Provide a compatible scale relationship with existing development; and • Address potential view blockage. ● accommodate the desired functions and intensity of development, • Establish predictable maximum heights that respond to varying topographical conditions. ● provide a compatible scale relationship with existing zoning in the vicinity, ● accommodate desired transitions with development in adjacent areas, and ● 93 consider potential view blockage. LU 5.4 Use maximum height limits to maintain the desired scale relationship between new structures, existing development, and the street environment; address varied topographic conditions; and limit public view blockage. In certain Downtown zones and in industrial zones, heights for certain types of development uniquely suited to those zones may be unlimited. LU121 Allow limited exceptions to the height limit in order to accommodate ground-floor commercial uses or special rooftop features, to facilitate development of mixed-use structures, to enable structures to function appropriately, or to support innovative design which furthers the goals of this element or adopted neighborhood plans. LU 9.15 LU 5.1 Allow limited exceptions to the height limit in order to accommodate groundfloor commercial uses or special rooftop features, encourage development of mixed-use structures, enable structures to function appropriately, accommodate special features consistent with the special character or function of an area, or support innovative design that furthers the goals of this Plan. Allow for flexibility in development standards so existing structures can be maintained and improved and new development can better respond to sitespecific conditions. Apply appropriate 94 LU 9.16 LU 5.2 LU122 In order to allow flexibility to enable full use of a site for permitted development, and to maintain and encourage a contiguous commercial streetfront, generally do not require setbacks in commercial areas, except when development occurs on a lot adjacent to a residential zone. LU 5.1 95 development standards to promote compatible conditions along the edges of commercial zones abutting residential zones. Develop and apply appropriate development standards that provide predictability regarding the allowed intensity of development and expected development types for each zone. Allow for flexibility in development standards so existing structures can be maintained and improved and new development can better respond to sitespecific conditions. LU123 LU124 LU125 Set parking requirements to discourage underused parking facilities, which means tolerating occasional spillover parking, and allow minimum parking requirements to be eliminated, waived or reduced to promote the maintenance and development of commercial uses that encourage transit and pedestrian activity and provide a variety of services in commercial areas. Allow parking requirements to be reduced where parking demand is less because of the provision of an alternative transportation program. Such programs include the provision of carpool parking, vanpools, transit passes, or extra bicycle parking for employees. Consider setting maximum parking ratios for areas where excess parking could worsen traffic congestion and alternatives to automobile access are available. Allow parking management provisions to be reviewed or established in selected commercial areas, which may include locally sensitive measures such as cooperative parking, shared parking, restricted access, or special measures to meet the parking requirements established in these policies such as carpools, vanpools, or transit pass subsidies. Allow parking reductions when several businesses share customer parking to enable customers to park once and walk to numerous businesses, achieving greater LU G6 LU 6.1 Regulate off-street parking to address parking demand in ways that reduce reliance on automobiles, lower construction costs, create attractive and walkable environments, and promote economic development throughout the city. LU 6.2 Establish parking requirements where appropriate for both single-occupant vehicles and their alternatives at levels that further this Plan’s goal to increase the use of public transit, car pools, walking, and bicycles as alternatives to the use of single-occupant vehicles. LU 6.3 LU 6.4 Modify residential parking regulations, where parking is required, to recognize differences in the likely auto use and ownership of intended occupants of new developments, such as projects provided for lowincome, elderly, or disabled residents. Rely on market forces to determine the amount of parking provided in areas of the city that are wellserved by transit, such as urban centers and urban villages. Consider setting parking maximums in urban centers and urban villages, 96 parking efficiency. LU126 Regulate the location of off-street parking facilities on a lot according to the function and characteristics of the commercial area, as indicated where high levels of pedestrian, bicycle, and transit accessibility make many trips possible without a car. LU 9.19 97 Locate and provide access to accessory parking facilities in pedestrianoriented commercial zones by its designation as either a pedestrian-oriented commercial area or a general commercial area. in ways that avoid conflicts with pedestrian routes and interruptions to the continuity of the street facade, such as by locating unenclosed parking to the side of or behind the building, or by enclosing parking below the building or within the building and screening it from the street, preferably by other uses . LU127 Seek to limit impacts on pedestrian and traffic circulation and on surrounding areas when locating access to off-street parking. Generally encourage alley access to off-street parking, except when an alley is used for loading. LU128 Use pedestrian-oriented zones to LU9.4 promote commercial areas with a development pattern, mix of uses, and intensity of activity generally oriented to pedestrian and transit use by maintaining areas that already possess these characteristics and encouraging the transition necessary in other areas to achieve these conditions: 1. Strong, healthy business districts that are compatible with their neighborhoods, reinforce a sense of belonging while providing essential goods, services and livelihoods for the residents of the city; LU9.17 Use a development pattern, mix of uses, and intensity of activity generally oriented to pedestrian and transit use in pedestrian-oriented commercial/mixed-use zones to achieve: 2. Mixes of activity in commercial areas compatible with development in adjacent areas; 3. Appropriate transitions in the scale and intensity of development between areas; LU129 Apply development standards that distinguish between pedestrianoriented commercial zones, which are compatible with and easily accessible from their surrounding neighborhoods, and general commercial zones, which accommodate uses that are more dependent on automobile access. • a compatible blend of commercial and residential uses; 4. Residential development that is both livable for residents and compatible with the desired commercial function of the area; and • strong, healthy business districts that reinforce a sense of place while providing 5. An active, attractive, accessible 98 pedestrian environment. LU130 LU131 essential goods, services, and livelihoods for Seattleites, especially residents who are within walking distance of these places; Apply pedestrian-oriented commercial zones both inside and outside of urban villages where residential uses either exist or are in close proximity and where the intensity of development allowed under the particular zone designation conforms in size and scale to the community it serves. • mixes of commercial activity that are compatible with development in adjacent areas; Generally allow pedestrian-oriented commercial zones in urban villages to accommodate densities of development and mixes of uses that support pedestrian activity and transit use. • residential development that is both appealing to residents and compatible with the desired commercial function of the area; and Provide use and development standards for pedestrian-oriented commercial zones, which promote environments conducive to walking and a mix of commercial and residential uses that further the goals for these zones. • an active, attractive, accessible, walkable pedestrian environment with continuous commercial street frontages. LU132 Locate parking facilities in pedestrian-oriented commercial zones where conflicts with pedestrian circulation and interruptions in the continuity of the street frontage will be minimized, such as to the side or rear of the building, below grade, or built into the building and screened from the street. LU 9.19 Locate and provide access to accessory parking facilities in pedestrianoriented commercial zones in ways that avoid conflicts with pedestrian routes and interruptions to the continuity of the street facade, such as by locating unenclosed parking to the side of or behind the building, or by enclosing parking below the building or within the building and screening it from the street, preferably by other uses . LU133 Establish special pedestrian districts LU9.12 Consider allowing street- 99 that may vary to reflect different characteristics and conditions of pedestrian-oriented commercial zones in order to preserve or encourage intensely retail and pedestrian-oriented shopping districts where non-auto modes of transportation to and within the district are strongly favored. level residential uses outside pedestrianoriented areas and, when street-level residential uses are permitted, identify ways to give ground-floor tenants privacy and to create visual interest along the street front. LUG21 General commercial zones accommodate activities highly dependent on automobile and truck access and more intensive commercial and light manufacturing uses that are generally incompatible with pedestrian-oriented residential and mixed-use development. LU9.22 Accommodate the broadest range of commercial activities in general commercial areas, including retail uses of all sizes, small office buildings, warehouses, and light and general manufacturing facilities. LU134 Use general commercial zones to LU 9.20 support existing auto-oriented commercial areas serving a citywide or regional clientele located with ready access from principal arterials, or areas adjacent to industrial zones. Areas generally appropriate for general commercial zones should be characterized by a predominance of large lots, and limited pedestrian access, where adequate buffers or transitions can be provided between the area and residential areas or commercial areas of lesser intensity. In order to support more pedestrian-friendly environments within urban villages, encourage the conversion of general commercial areas within urban villages to pedestrian-oriented commercial zones. Use general commercial zones to support existing auto-oriented commercial areas that serve a citywide or regional clientele and have easy access to principal arterials, or in areas that border industrial zones, where they can help to maintain compatible development conditions. LU 9.21 Encourage the conversion of general commercial 100 areas within urban villages to pedestrian-oriented commercial zones, in keeping with this Plan’s goals for pedestrianoriented environments within the urban villages. LU135 Accommodate in general commercial zones the broadest range of commercial activities allowed in commercial areas. LU 9.22 Accommodate the broadest range of commercial activities in general commercial areas, including retail uses of all sizes, small office buildings, warehouses, and light and general manufacturing facilities. LU 9.23 Use zoning and other planning tools in urban centers and urban villages to address displacement of businesses that provide culturally relevant goods and services to Seattle’s diverse population. LU136 Recognize shopping centers, retail stores of all sizes, warehouses of moderate size, small office buildings of limited floor area, and, where appropriate, moderate scale residential and mixed-use structures as appropriate building types in general commercial zones. LU137 In general commercial areas, limit or prohibit, as appropriate, housing and/or substantial amounts of office development in areas where: 1. The auto-oriented nature of the area or development is likely to encourage residents or office workers to commute using singleoccupancy vehicles; 2. These uses could potentially conflict with the preferred commercial function of the area or 101 New, emphasizes equity with the activities in adjacent areas; or The available land for certain commercial activities is limited and may be displaced if uses are allowed above certain intensities. LU138 Allow residential and office densities that are similar to those permitted in comparable pedestrian-oriented commercial zones when projects in general commercial zones are built to the pedestrian-oriented commercial zones’ standards. LU139 Generally assign height limits to general commercial zones that are compatible with the height of existing commercial development or are necessary to accommodate the requirements of the commercial activities intended for these zones and not to encourage high-density development of such uses as housing and offices more appropriately located in pedestrian-oriented zones in urban villages. LU 5.4 Use maximum height limits to maintain the desired scale relationship between new structures, existing development, and the street environment; address varied topographic conditions; and limit public view blockage. In certain Downtown zones and in industrial zones, heights for certain types of development uniquely suited to those zones may be unlimited. LUG22 Provide opportunities for industrial activity to thrive in Seattle. LU G10 Provide sufficient land with the necessary characteristics to allow industrial activity to thrive in Seattle and protect the preferred industrial function of these areas from activities that could disrupt or displace them. LUG23 Accommodate the expansion of existing businesses within Seattle, thereby stabilizing the city’s existing industrial areas. Promote opportunities for new businesses that are supportive of the goals for LU 10.3 Accommodate the expansion of current industrial businesses and promote opportunities for new industrial businesses within Seattle to 102 industrial areas. LUG24 Preserve industrial land for industrial uses and protect viable marine and rail-related industries from competing with non-industrial uses for scarce industrial land. Give special attention to preserving industrial land adjacent to rail or water-dependent transportation facilities. LUG25 Promote high-value-added economic development by supporting growth in the industrial and manufacturing employment base. LUG26 Give adequate attention to the needs of industrial activity while reducing major land use conflicts between industrial development and abutting residential or pedestrian-oriented commercial areas, and avoid placing unnecessary restrictions on manufacturing uses. LUG27 Restrict or prohibit uses that may negatively affect the availability of land for industrial activity, or that conflict with the character and function of industrial areas. LUG28 Prevent incompatible activities from locating in close proximity to each other. LUG29 Accommodate a mix of diverse, yet compatible, employment activities in Seattle’s industrial areas. strengthen the city’s existing industrial economy. LU 10.2 103 Preserve industrial land for industrial uses, especially where industrial land is near rail- or watertransportation facilities, in order to allow marine- and rail-related industries that rely on that transportation infrastructure to continue to function in the city. LU140 Designate industrial areas where: LU 10.1 1. The primary functions are industrial activity and industrialrelated commercial functions. • the primary functions are industrial activity and industrialrelated commercial functions, 2. The basic infrastructure needed to support industrial uses already exists. • the basic infrastructure needed to support industrial uses already exists, 3. Areas are large enough to allow the full range of industrial activities to function successfully. LU141 4. There is either sufficient separation or special conditions that reduce the potential for conflicts with development in adjacent, lessintensive areas. • areas are large enough to allow a full range of industrial activities to function successfully, and Consider manufacturing uses, advanced technology industries and a wide range of industrial-related commercial functions, such as warehouse and distribution activities, appropriate for industrial areas. LU142 Consider high value-added, living wage industrial activities to be a high priority. LU143 Permit commercial uses in industrial areas to the extent that they reinforce the industrial character, and limit specified non-industrial uses, including office and retail development, in order to preserve these areas for industrial development. LU144 Subject to regulations for nonconforming uses, allow existing businesses to expand, in order to stabilize existing industrial areas, and encourage the siting of new businesses which are supportive of Designate industrial zones generally where • sufficient separation or special conditions exist to reduce the possibility of conflicts with development in adjacent less-intensive areas. 104 the goals for industrial areas. LU145 Prohibit new residential uses in industrial zones, except for special types of dwellings that are related to the industrial area and that would not restrict or disrupt industrial activity. LU 10.6 Prohibit new residential development in industrial zones, except for certain types of dwellings, such as caretaker units, that are related to the industrial area and that would not restrict or disrupt industrial activity. LU146 Restrict to appropriate locations within industrial areas those industrial uses which, by the nature of materials involved or processes employed, have a potential of being dangerous or very noxious. LU 10.4 Restrict to appropriate locations within industrial areas those activities that—by the nature of materials involved or processes employed—are potentially dangerous or very noxious. LU147 Prohibit park and pool lots within 3,000 feet of a downtown zone in order to prevent the use of industrial land for commuter parking for downtown workers. LU147.1 IG zones are most appropriately located in the designated manufacturing/ industrial centers, where impacts from the types of industrial uses these zones permit are less likely to affect residential or commercial uses. Outside of manufacturing/industrial centers, IG zones may be appropriate along waterways in order to provide land for maritime uses. LU10.8 Apply the general industrial zones mostly within the designated manufacturing/industrial centers, where impacts from industrial activity are less likely to affect residential or commercial uses. Outside of manufacturing/industrial centers, general industrial zones may be appropriate along waterways used for maritime uses. LU147.2 Industrial zones are generally not appropriate within urban centers or urban villages, since these are places where the City encourages LU10.9 Avoid placing industrial zones within urban centers or urban villages. However, in locations 105 concentrations of residential uses. However, in locations where a center or village abuts a manufacturing/industrial center, the IC zone within the center or village may provide an appropriate transition to help separate residential uses from heavier industrial activities. LU148 LU149 where a center or village borders a manufacturing/industrial center, use of the industrial commercial zone within the center or village where it abuts the manufacturing/industrial center may provide an appropriate transition to help separate residential uses from heavier industrial activities. Limit the density of development LU10.10 Limit the density of through a floor area ratio (FAR) to development for ensure a level of activity compatible nonindustrial uses in the with industrial activity. The FAR is manufacturing/industrial also intended to ensure that new centers to reduce development can be accommodated competition from without major redevelopment of nonindustrial activities transportation and utility systems, that are better suited to and without creating other other locations in the city, substantial negative impacts. particularly urban centers and urban villages, where this Plan encourages most new residential and Restrict the density or floor area of commercial development. commercial uses not directly related Permit commercial uses in to industrial activity to preserve industrial areas only if they industrial shorelines for industrial reinforce the industrial marine activity and to preserve character, and strictly limit access to major rail corridors. Vary the size of office and retail the restrictions by industrial zone. uses not associated with industrial uses, in order to preserve these areas for industrial development. 106 LU150 LU151 Recognize the special working character of industrial areas by keeping landscaping and street standards to a minimum to allow as much flexibility as possible for industrial development except along selected arterials and where there is a specific need to mitigate impacts of new development. LU 10.11 On sites that are highly visible to the public because of their location on selected major arterials, require new development to provide street trees and landscape screening in order to promote a positive impression of the city’s industrial areas. Streets appropriate for this special treatment are: 1. Streets that provide major routes through the city and/or serve as principal entrances to downtown; 2. Streets that provide the principal circulation route within an industrial area; and 3. Streets where right-of-way conditions will permit required landscaping without conflicting with industrial activity. LU152 Allow certain additional view corridor standards to be applied outside of the shoreline district to preserve views of the water obtained through view corridors required in the shoreline district. Apply these standards to developments located on a waterfront lot (between the water and the nearest public road) adjacent to, but outside, the shoreline district. Do not apply these standards to 107 Recognize the unique working character of industrial areas by keeping landscaping and street standards to a minimum to allow flexibility for industrial activities, except along selected arterials where installing street trees and providing screening and landscaping can offset impacts of new industrial development in highly visible locations. areas along the Duwamish Waterway because they would not achieve the intended increase in visual access due to the generally flat terrain of the area and the substantially greater distances between arterials and the boundaries of the shoreline district. LU153 Set parking and loading requirements for various uses to provide adequate parking and loading facilities to: support business activity, promote air quality, encourage efficient use of the land in industrial areas, accommodate loading needs, discourage under-used parking facilities, and maintain adequate traffic safety and circulation, while furthering the intent of industrial business attraction and expansion. Allow some on-street loading and occasional spillover parking. Provide for waivers and reductions from the established requirements to encourage the use of small sites and landmarks, and the reuse of existing structures. LU 10.12 Set parking and loading requirements in industrial zones to provide adequate parking and loading facilities to support business activity, promote air quality, encourage efficient use of the land in industrial areas, discourage underused parking facilities, and maintain adequate traffic safety and circulation. Allow some on-street loading and occasional spillover parking. LU154 Maintain minimum and maximum standards for curbcuts and street driveways in order to balance the need to provide adequate maneuvering and loading areas with the goal of maintaining some onstreet parking and safe pedestrian access. LU 10.13 Maintain standards for the size and location of vehicle curb cuts and driveways in industrial zones in order to balance the need to provide adequate maneuvering and loading areas with availability of on-street parking and safe pedestrian access. LU155 Permit noise levels that would not be allowed in other parts of the city in industrial areas, except for buffer areas, in recognition of the special LU 10.14 Permit noise levels in industrial areas, except buffer areas, that would not be allowed in other 108 nature of industrial activities and the restrictions on residential uses that are in place in industrial areas. LU156 Use the General Industrial zones to promote the full range of industrial activities and related support uses. Distinguish among general industrial zones based on the density permitted for commercial uses not related to industrial activity. parts of the city, in recognition of the importance and special nature of industrial activities. LU 10.5 LU157 Include among the General Industrial zones: • Zones that protect marine and rail-related industrial areas from an inappropriate level of unrelated commercial uses and limit those unrelated uses through density or size limits lower than that allowed for industrial uses; and • Zones that allow a broader range of uses, where the industrial function of the area is less established, and where additional commercial activity could improve employment opportunities and the physical condition of the area. LU 10.7 LU 10.8 Provide a range of industrial zones that address varying conditions and priorities in different industrial areas. Those priorities include maintaining industrial areas that have critical supporting infrastructure, providing transitions between industrial areas and less intensive areas, and promoting highquality environments attractive to business expansion or to new industrial activities. Use the general industrial zones to promote a full range of industrial activities and related support uses. Distinguish between the general industrial zones based on the amount of commercial uses permitted. Apply the general industrial zones mostly within the designated manufacturing/ industrial centers, where impacts from industrial activity are less likely to affect residential or commercial 109 uses. Outside of manufacturing/industrial centers, general industrial zones may be appropriate along waterways used for maritime uses. LU158 Seek to protect industrial activity by differentiating among General Industrial zones according to permitted densities for commercial uses not directly related to industrial activity and by limiting the size of certain permitted uses. LU 10.10 Limit the density of development for nonindustrial uses in the manufacturing/industrial centers to reduce competition from nonindustrial activities that are better suited to other locations in the city, particularly urban centers and urban villages, where this Plan encourages most new residential and commercial development. Permit commercial uses in industrial areas only if they reinforce the industrial character, and strictly limit the size of office and retail uses not associated with industrial uses, in order to preserve these areas for industrial development. LU159 Require conditional use review for certain uses to ensure compatibility with the primary industrial function of the zone. Require mitigation of any impacts on industrial activity, the immediate surroundings, and the environment in general. Because of the nature of industrial uses, classify certain non-industrial uses as conditional uses in order to protect public safety and welfare on LU 10.15 Classify certain industrial activities as conditional uses in industrial zones in order to accommodate these uses while making sure they are compatible with the zone’s primary industrial function and to protect public safety and welfare on nearby sites. Require mitigation of impacts on industrial 110 non-industrial sites. activity and on the immediate surroundings, especially nearby less intensive zones. LU160 Prohibit certain uses to preserve land for industrial activity or to minimize conflicts that may occur between the use and industrial activity because the use attracts large numbers of people to the area for non-industrial purposes, or because the use would be incompatible with typical industrial area impacts (noise, truck movement, etc.). LU 10.16 Prohibit uses that attract large numbers of people to the industrial area for nonindustrial purposes, in order to keep the focus on industrial activity and to minimize potential conflicts from the noise, nighttime activity, and truck movement that accompanies industrial activity. LU161 Provide an appropriate transition between industrial areas and adjacent residential or pedestrianoriented commercial zones. LU 10.17 Establish the industrial buffer zone to provide an appropriate transition between industrial areas and adjacent residential or pedestrian-oriented commercial zones. LU162 Permit within Industrial Buffers the widest possible range of manufacturing uses and related industrial and commercial activities, while ensuring compatibility with the activity and physical character of abutting, less intensive zones. Include development standards or performance standards to protect the livability of adjacent areas. Apply these standards only where existing conditions do not adequately separate industrial activity from less intensive zones. LU 10.18 Allow the widest possible range of manufacturing uses and related industrial and commercial activities within the industrial buffer zone, while ensuring compatibility with the activity and physical character of neighboring less intensive zones. LU 10.19 Include development standards or performance standards for the industrial buffer zone that protect the livability of neighboring areas, promote visual quality, and maintain a compatible scale of development 111 LU 162 was edited to create two separate policies: LU 10.18 and LU 10.19. along zone edges. Apply these standards only in places where existing conditions do not adequately separate industrial activity from less intensive zones. LU163 Apply special height provisions on the edge of Industrial Buffers to ensure visual compatibility and a transition in scale between industrial areas and less intensive abutting zones. Do not apply the height limit where streets provide an adequate separation based upon street width, traffic, noise and topography. Apply a lower height limit for a greater depth of the zone where the zone is located across from a single-family or lowrise multifamily residential zone. LU 10.20 Limit the height of structures on the borders of industrial buffer zones where streets along the zone edge do not provide sufficient separation for a reasonable transition in scale between industrial areas and less intensive neighboring zones, taking into consideration the permitted height in the abutting less intensive zone. LU164 Require conditional use review for certain uses to ensure compatibility with uses located in abutting, less intensive zones, to ensure consistency with adopted neighborhood plans, or to evaluate certain uses that could have significant impacts on other nearby uses. LU 10.15 Classify certain industrial activities as conditional uses in industrial zones in order to accommodate these uses while making sure they are compatible with the zone’s primary industrial function and to protect public safety and welfare on nearby sites. Require mitigation of impacts on industrial activity and on the immediate surroundings, especially nearby less intensive zones. LU165 Apply standards for screening, landscaped areas, curbs and sidewalks, setbacks, and street trees to improve the appearance of, or obscure, outdoor activity, to 112 maintain continuity along a street front, to enhance the environment and safety of the buffer area and to maintain compatibility with adjacent areas. LU166 Employ setback requirements for lots across the street from a residentially zoned lot to maintain a compatible scale of development along opposing industrial and residential streets. Do not apply increased setback requirements where an industrial lot is adequately separated from a residentially zoned lot by an unusually wide public right-of-way. LU167 Require special measures to address the visual impacts of outdoor and auto-related activities to ensure compatibility between these uses and less intensive zones. LU168 Use the Industrial Commercial zones to promote a wide mix of employment activities, including industrial and commercial activities, such as light manufacturing and research and development. LU 10.21 Allow a wide mix of employment activities in the industrial commercial zones, such as light manufacturing and research and development. LU 10.21 replaces LU 168 and LU 170. LU169 Limit development density in Industrial Commercial zones to reflect transportation and other infrastructure constraints, while taking into account other features of an area. Employ development standards designed to create an environment attractive to business, while recognizing the economic constraints facing new development. LU 10.22 Limit development density in industrial commercial zones in order to reflect transportation and other infrastructure constraints, while taking into account other features of an area. LU 169 was edited to create two new policies: LU 10.22 and LU 10.23. LU 10.23 Include development standards in the industrial LU 169 and LU 172 were 113 commercial zone designed to create environments that are attractive to new technology businesses and that support a pedestrianoriented environment, while controlling structure height and scale to limit impacts on nearby neighborhoods. edited to create two new policies: LU 10.22 and LU 10.23. LU 10.21 Allow a wide mix of employment activities in the industrial commercial zones, such as light manufacturing and research and development. LU 10.21 replaces LU 168 and LU 170. LU170 Maintain use provisions in the Industrial Commercial zones to ensure that land is available for a wide range of employment activities and that areas will exist to accommodate the needs of developing new businesses. LU171 Require conditional use review for certain uses to ensure compatibility with uses located in abutting, less intensive zones; and to ensure safety and compatibility with other uses within the zone. LU172 Incorporate performance standards in the Industrial Commercial zones to create high quality environments that can attract new employers to the area and to protect abutting, less intensive areas from hazards, nuisances and objectionable impacts associated with permitted activities. LU 10.23 Include development standards in the industrial commercial zone designed to create environments that are attractive to new technology businesses and that support a pedestrianoriented environment, while controlling structure height and scale to limit impacts on nearby neighborhoods. LU 173 Apply a range of maximum building height limits for all uses in Industrial Commercial zones to protect the special amenities that attract new technology industrial development, such as views of water, shoreline access, and the scale and character of LU 10.24 Provide a range of maximum building height limits in the industrial commercial zones in order to protect the distinctive features that attract new technology businesses to 114 LU 173 was edited to create two new policies: LU 10.24 and LU 10.25. neighboring development, so that these amenities will continue to be enjoyed, both within the zone and from the surrounding area. Assign height limits independently of the zoning designation to provide flexibility in zoning specific areas. Allow different areas within a zone to be assigned different height limits according to the rezone criteria. the area—such as views of water, shoreline access, and the neighborhood scale and character—to make sure that these features will continue to be enjoyed, both within the zone and from the surrounding area. LU 10.25 Assign height limits independently of the industrial zoning designation to provide flexibility in zoning-specific areas and to allow different areas within a zone to be assigned different height limits according to the rezone criteria. LU174 Include development standards in the Industrial Commercial zones designed to create an attractive environment for new industry and ensure compatibility with surrounding development without inhibiting more traditional industrial activity or the expansion of smaller firms already located in the area. Generally require screening, landscaping and setback standards in the Industrial Commercial zone similar to those found in the pedestrian-oriented commercial areas to promote an attractive setting for new industries. LU 10.23 Include development standards in the industrial commercial zone designed to create environments that are attractive to new technology businesses and that support a pedestrianoriented environment, while controlling structure height and scale to limit impacts on nearby neighborhoods. LUG30 Promote Downtown Seattle as the home to the broadest mix of activities and greatest intensity of development in the region. Promote the continued economic vitality of LU G11 Promote Downtown Seattle as an urban center with the densest mix of residential and commercial development in the region, 115 LU 173 was edited to create two new policies: LU 10.24 and LU 10.25. LUG 30 and LU 175 were edited and combined into new LU Downtown Seattle, with particular attention to the retail core and the tourism industry. LU175 Designate as Downtown, those areas that are intended to accommodate the densest mixeduse, residential, office and retail development. LU176 Recognize the division of downtown into areas with one of the following primary land use functions: with a vital and attractive environment that supports employment and residential activities and is inviting to visitors. LU 11.1 Recognize the distinct areas of Downtown that are defined by their histories and by their primary land use function, such as office, retail, or mixed use with either a commercial or a residential emphasis. • Office, • Retail, • Mixed-use commercial, • Mixed-use residential, and • Harborfront. LU177 Use a range of downtown land use zones to support the existing character and desired environment of different areas downtown. LU 11.2 Use a range of land use zones and height limits to support the existing and desired character of different areas within Downtown. LUG31 Provide flexibility in, or supplement, standard zone provisions to achieve special public purposes where circumstances warrant. Such areas include shoreline areas, airport height districts, historic landmark and special review districts, major institutions, arts and cultural districts, subarea plan districts, areas around high-capacity transit stations, and other appropriate locations. LU G12 Provide flexibility in standard zone provisions or supplement those provisions to achieve special public purposes in areas where unique conditions exist, such as shorelines, historic and special review districts, and major institutions. LU178 Promote the integration of high capacity transit stations into the neighborhoods surrounding them and foster development appropriate 116 G11. to significant increases in pedestrian activity and transit ridership. Use overlay districts or other adjustments to zoning to cultivate transit-oriented communities. LU179 LU 12.1 Allow for zoning overlay districts, which modify the regulations of the underlying zoning, to address special circumstances and issues of significant public interest in subareas of the city. LU179.5 In order to address the unique LU 12.2 opportunities that large site redevelopment presents in dense areas of the city and to provide predictability to the City, community and potential developer, establish a Master Planned Community designation on the Future Land Use Map. Locations appropriate for that designation must be: Establish a master planned community zone and apply the zone as a way to address unique opportunities for large site redevelopments in the densest areas of the city. Use this designation to provide predictability to the City, the community, and potential developers, with the intent to encourage a mix of uses at appropriate urban densities that use a cohesive urban design and promote high levels of environmental sustainability, housing affordability, and publicly accessible open space. Designate a master planned community only for large multi-block sites inside an urban center that are subject to unified Permit the establishment of zoning overlay districts, which may modify the regulations of the underlying land use zone categories to address special circumstances and issues of significant public interest in a subarea of the city, subject to the limitations on establishing greater density in single-family areas. Overlays may be established through neighborhood planning. • large, multi-block sites located in urban centers • subject to unified ownership control Establish a zone in the Land Use Code also to be named Master Planned Community. Locations appropriate to be rezoned on the Official Land Use Map as Master Planned Community are those that are designated on the Future Land Use Map as Master Planned Community. Specific standards for development within a proposed Master Planned 117 Community should be established by the City Council when a rezone to the Master Planned Community zone occurs, and are expected to vary based on the location of the Master Planned Community. However, all applications of a Master Planned Community zone should result in development that provides: control. • a mixture of uses • appropriate urban density • cohesive urban design throughout the development • a higher level of environmental sustainability, affordable housing, and publicly accessible open space than is typically provided through conventional lot-by-lot development. LUG32 Maximize the public benefits of major institutions, including health care and educational services, while LU 12.3 Consider establishing a master planning process for large sites outside of urban centers in order to allow development that incorporates good urban design and appropriate public benefits. new LU 12.4 Regulate development and promote design guidelines in the stadium area transition overlay to promote an environment that is attractive and safe for the large volumes of pedestrians attending events in the area. new LU G13 Encourage the benefits that major institutions offer the city and the LUG 32 and LUG 33 were combined 118 minimizing the adverse impacts associated with development and geographic expansion. LUG33 Recognize the significant economic benefits of major institutions in the city and the region and their contributions to employment growth. LU G13 LUG34 Balance each major institution’s LU 13.3 ability to change and the public benefit derived from change with the need to protect the livability and vitality of adjacent neighborhoods. LUG35 Promote the integration of institutional development with the function and character of surrounding communities in the overall planning for urban centers. LU180 Designate the campuses of large hospitals, colleges and universities as Major Institutions to recognize that a separate public process is used to define appropriate uses in these areas. LU 13.1 119 region, including health care, educational services, and significant employment opportunities, while mitigating the adverse impacts associated with their development and geographic expansion. into new LU G13. Encourage the benefits that major institutions offer the city and the region, including health care, educational services, and significant employment opportunities, while mitigating the adverse impacts associated with their development and geographic expansion. LUG 32 and LUG 33 were combined into new LU G13. Balance the need for major institutions to grow and change with the need to maintain the livability and vitality of neighboring areas. Designate the campuses of large hospitals, colleges, and universities as major institutions, making clear that they are defined under a separate public process in terms of their appropriate uses and development standards. LU181 Provide for the coordinated growth of major institutions through major institution conceptual master plans and the establishment of major institution overlay zones. LU 13.2 Support the coordinated growth of major institutions through conceptual master plans and the creation of major institution overlay districts. Use a master plan process to identify development standards for the overlay district that are specifically tailored to the major institution and the surrounding area. LU182 Establish Major Institution Overlays (MIO) to permit appropriate institutional development within boundaries while minimizing the adverse impacts associated with development and geographic expansion. Balance the public benefits of growth and change for major institutions with the need to maintain the livability and vitality of adjacent neighborhoods. Where appropriate, establish MIO boundaries so that they contribute to the compatibility between major institution areas and less intensive zones. LU13.4 Establish major institution overlays (MIO) as a designation on the Official Land Use Map and the Future Land Use Map to show areas where development is regulated by the contents of a master plan, rather than by the underlying zoning. Where appropriate, establish MIO boundaries for better integration between major institution areas and less intensive zones. LU183 Allow modifications to the underlying zone provisions in order to allow major institutions to thrive while ensuring that impacts of development on the surrounding neighborhood are satisfactorily mitigated. LU 13.2 Support the coordinated growth of major institutions through conceptual master plans and the creation of major institution overlay districts. Use a master plan process to identify development standards for the overlay district that are specifically tailored to the major institution and the surrounding area. 120 LU184 LU185 Allow all functionally integrated major institution uses within each overlay district, provided the development standards of the underlying zone are met. Permit development standards specifically tailored for the major institution and its surrounding area within the overlay district through a master plan process. LU 13.6 Allow the MIO to modify underlying zoning provisions and development standards, including use restrictions and parking requirements, in order to accommodate the changing needs of major institutions, provide development flexibility, and encourage a highquality environment. Allow modification of use restrictions and parking requirements of the underlying zoning by the overlay to accommodate the changing needs of major institutions, provide flexibility for development and encourage a high-quality environment. Allow modification of the development standards and other requirements of the underlying zoning by an adopted master plan. LU186 Discourage the expansion of established major institution boundaries. LU 13.7 Discourage the expansion of established major institution boundaries. LU187 Encourage significant community involvement in the development, monitoring, implementation and amendment of major institution master plans, including the establishment of citizen’s advisory committees containing community and major institution representatives. LU 13.5 Encourage community involvement in the development, monitoring, implementation, and amendment of major institution master plans, including the establishment of citizens’ advisory committees that include community and major institution representatives. LU188 Encourage Advisory Committee participation throughout the process of revision, amendment and 121 refinement of the master plan proposal. LU189 Require preparation of either a master plan or a revision to the appropriate existing master plan when a major development is proposed that is part of a major institution, and does not conform with the of the underlying zoning and is not included in an existing master plan. LU 13.8 Require either that a master plan be prepared or that the existing master plan be revised when a proposed major development that is part of a major institution does not conform to the underlying zoning and is not included in an existing master plan. LU190 Provide procedures for considering the establishment of new major institutions. LU 13.9 Locate new major institutions in areas where their activities are compatible with the surrounding land uses and where the impacts associated with existing and future development can be appropriately mitigated, and provide procedures for considering the establishment of new major institutions. LU191 Locate new institutions in areas where such activities are compatible with the surrounding land uses and where the impacts associated with existing and future development can be appropriately mitigated. LU192 Define all uses that are functionally LU integrated with, or substantively 13.10 related to, the central mission of the major institution or that primarily and directly serve the users of the institution as major institution uses and permit these uses in the Major Institution Overlay district, subject to the provisions of this policy, and in accordance with the development standards of the underlying zoning classifications or adopted master plan. LU193 Apply the development standards of the underlying zoning classification LU 122 Define as major institution uses those that are part of, or substantively related to, the major institution’s central mission or that primarily and directly serve institution users, and allow these uses within the MIO district, in accordance with the development standards of the underlying zoning classifications or adopted master plan. Apply the development standards of the for height, density, bulk, setbacks, coverage and landscaping for institutions to all major institution development, except for specific standards altered by a master plan. 13.11 underlying zoning classification to all major institution development, except for specific standards altered by a master plan. LU194 The need for appropriate transition shall be a primary consideration in determining setbacks. LU 13.12 Determine appropriate measures to address the need for adequate transition between the major institution and surrounding uses. LU 194 was edited to broaden the scope of how transitions are set with respect to all development standards, including setbacks. LU195 Establish minimum parking requirements in MIO districts to meet the needs of the major institution and minimize parking demand in the adjacent areas. Include maximum parking limits to avoid unnecessary traffic in the surrounding areas and to limit the use of single occupancy vehicles (SOV). LU 13.13 Establish minimum parking requirements in each MIO district to address the needs of the major institution and reduce parking demand in nearby areas. Include maximum parking limits to avoid unnecessary traffic in the surrounding areas and to limit the use of singleoccupant vehicles. Allow an increase in the number of permitted spaces only when such an increase is needed to reduce parking demand on surrounding streets and when it will help to minimize traffic congestion in the area. LU 13.13 combines and carries forward LU 195 and LU 197. LU196 Allow short-term or long-term parking space provisions to be modified as part of a Transportation Management Program (TMP). LU 13.14 Use a transportationmanagement program to reduce the number of vehicle trips to the major institution and to limit the New policy LU 13.14 combines and carries forward 123 adverse impacts of traffic and of institution-related parking on surrounding streets, especially residential streets. Strive to reduce the number of single-occupant vehicles used for trips to and from major institutions at peak times. Allow short-term or long-term parking space requirements to be modified as part of a transportationmanagement program. LU197 Allow an increase to the number of permitted spaces only when an increase is necessary to reduce parking demand on streets in surrounding areas and is compatible with goals to minimize traffic congestion in the area. LU198 Use the TMP to reduce the number of vehicle trips to the major institution, minimize the adverse impacts of traffic on the streets surrounding the institution, minimize demand for parking on nearby streets, especially residential streets, and minimize the adverse impacts of institution-related parking on nearby streets. To meet these objectives seek to reduce the number of SOVs used by employees and students to reach the campus at peak times. aspects of LU 196 and LU 198. LU 13.13 combines and carries forward LU 195 and LU 197. LU 13.14 124 Use a transportationmanagement program to reduce the number of vehicle trips to the major institution and to limit the adverse impacts of traffic and of institution-related parking on surrounding streets, especially residential streets. Strive to reduce the number of single-occupant vehicles used for trips to and from major institutions at peak times. Allow short-term or long-term parking space requirements to be modified as part of a transportationmanagement program. New policy LU 13.14 combines and carries forward aspects of LU 196 and LU 198. LU199 Encourage the preservation of housing within major institution overlay districts and the surrounding areas. Discourage conversion or demolition of housing within a major institution campus, and allow such action only when necessary for expansion of the institution. Prohibit demolition of structures with non-institutional residential uses for the development of any parking lot or parking structure which could provide non-required parking or be used to reduce a deficit of required parking spaces. Prohibit development by a major institution outside of the MIO district boundaries when it would result in the demolition of structures with residential uses or change of these structures to non-residential uses. LU 13.15 LU200 Require a master plan for each Major Institution proposing development which could affect the livability of adjacent neighborhoods or has the potential for significant adverse impacts on the surrounding areas. Use the master plan to facilitate a comprehensive review of benefits and impacts of the Major Institution development. 125 Encourage housing preservation within major institution overlay districts and limit impacts on housing in surrounding areas. Discourage conversion or demolition of housing within a major institution’s campus, allowing it only when the institution needs to expand or when the institution replaces the lost housing with new housing. Prohibit the demolition of noninstitutional housing for replacement by principaluse parking that is not necessary to meet the parking requirement. Prohibit development by a major institution outside of the MIO district boundaries when it would result in the demolition or conversion of residential buildings into nonresidential uses, unless authorized by an adopted master plan. LU 13.16 Require a master plan whenever a major institution proposes development that could affect the livability of adjacent neighborhoods or that has the potential for significant adverse impacts on the surrounding areas. Use LU 13.16 combines and carries forward aspects of LU 200, LU 201 and LU 202. the master plan to • guide a comprehensive review of potential benefits and impacts of the major institution’s proposed development, • establish or modify geographic boundaries for the major institution and establish clear guidelines and development standards on which the major institutions and community can rely for long-term planning and development, • provide the neighborhood with advance notice of the institution’s development plans, • allow the City to anticipate and plan for public capital or programmatic actions that will be needed to accommodate development, • provide the basis for determining appropriate mitigating actions to avoid or reduce adverse impacts from major institution growth, • 126 establish a transportationmanagement program, and • define the major institution’s development program for a specified time period. LU201 Use the master plan to: 1. Give clear guidelines and development standards on which the major institutions can rely for long-term planning and development; 2. Provide the neighborhood advance notice of the development plans of the major institution; 3. Allow the City to anticipate and plan for public capital or programmatic actions that will be needed to accommodate development; and 4. Provide the basis for determining appropriate mitigating actions to avoid or reduce adverse impacts from major institution growth. LU202 The master plan should establish or modify boundaries; provide physical development standards for the overlay district; define the development program for the specified timeperiod; and describe a transportation management program. LU 13.16 Require a master plan whenever a major institution proposes development that could affect the livability of adjacent neighborhoods or that has the potential for significant adverse impacts on the surrounding areas. Use the master plan to: • guide a comprehensive review of potential benefits and impacts of the major institution’s 127 LU 13.16 combines and carries forward aspects of LU 200, LU 201 and LU 202. proposed development, • establish or modify geographic boundaries for the major institution and establish clear guidelines and development standards on which the major institutions and community can rely for long-term planning and development, • provide the neighborhood with advance notice of the institution’s development plans, • allow the City to anticipate and plan for public capital or programmatic actions that will be needed to accommodate development, • provide the basis for determining appropriate mitigating actions to avoid or reduce adverse impacts from major institution growth, • establish a transportationmanagement program, and • define the major institution’s development program for a specified time 128 period. LU203 Require City Council review and adoption of the master plan following a cooperative planning process to develop the master plan by the Major Institution, the surrounding community and the City. LU 13.17 Require City Council review and adoption of the master plan after the major institution, the surrounding community, and the City develop the master plan. LU204 In considering rezones, the objective shall be to achieve a better relationship between residential, commercial or industrial uses and the Major Institution uses, and to reduce or eliminate major land use conflicts in the area. LU 13.18 Achieve a better relationship between residential, commercial, or industrial uses and the major institution’s activities when considering rezones, while also trying to reduce or eliminate major land use conflicts. LU205 Encourage the preservation, restoration and reuse of designated historic districts and landmarks. LU G14 Maintain the city’s cultural identity and heritage. LU206 Allow for the designation of areas as landmark and special review districts, and of structures, sites, and objects as City of Seattle landmarks, to protect, enhance, and perpetuate the individual historical or architectural identity of the area, structure, site, or object. Recognize that landmark designations help protect significant historic resources and qualities that distinguish these resources, and encourage stability, rehabilitation, restoration and planned development. LU 14.1 Support the designation of areas as historic and special review districts, and the designation of structures, sites, and objects as City of Seattle landmarks in order to protect, enhance, and perpetuate their historical or architectural identities. LU207 Allow development standards and design review processes to be adopted specifically for a designated landmark or special review district, including guidelines that may specify design-related features allowed, encouraged, limited, or excluded from the district. Allow LU 14.2 Tailor development standards and design review processes specifically for a special review district to describe design-related 129 adopted guidelines to modify, exempt, or supersede the standards of the underlying zone, although for elements not included in the district guidelines, the standards of the existing designation shall continue to apply. 130 features allowed, encouraged, limited, or excluded from the district. Allow adopted guidelines to modify, exempt, or supersede the underlying zone’s standards. LU 14.3 Encourage the adaptive reuse of designated landmark structures by allowing uses in these structures that may not otherwise be allowed under the applicable zoning, provided such action is approved by the Landmarks Preservation Board. LU 14.4 Use incentives, including the transfer of development rights, to encourage property owners and developers to restore or reuse designated landmark structures and specified structures in designated districts. LU 14.5 Consider the use of conservation districts to recognize and sustain the character of unique residential or commercial districts. LU 14.6 Protect the scale and character of the established development pattern, while encouraging compatible and context-sensitive infill development. LUG36 Protect the ecological functions and values of wetlands, and fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas; prevent erosion on steep slopes; protect the public health, safety and welfare in landslide-prone, liquefactionprone, peat settlement-prone areas, and flood-prone areas; and protect the public by identifying seismic hazard areas and volcanic hazard areas. LU 14.7 Identify historic resources that can be successfully used to meet the city’s housing goals. LU 14.8 Identify, preserve, and protect archaeological resources. LU G 15 Maintain a regulatory system that aims to ● protect the ecological functions and values of wetlands and fish and wildlife conservation areas; ● prevent erosion on steep slopes; ● protect public health, safety, and welfare in areas subject to landslides, liquefaction, floods, or peat settlement, while permitting reasonable development; ● protect the public by identifying seismic and volcanic hazard areas; and ● avoid development that causes physical harm to people, property, public resources, or the environment. LUG37 Permit landowners to develop land in a manner that is reasonable in light of the environmental constraints and the ecological 131 functions and values present. LUG38 Avoid development that causes physical harm to persons, property, public resources or the environment. LUG38.1 Promote both public and private opportuniLU ties to improve water quality and enhance 15.2 aquatic, wetland, and terrestrial habitat in the City’s environmentally critical areas so that these habitats are healthy for native wildlife and people. Promote both public and private opportunities to improve water quality and enhance aquatic, wetland, and terrestrial habitats in the city’s environmentally critical areas so that these habitats are healthy for native wildlife and people. LU208 Include best available science to identify and protect environmentally critical areas. LU 15.1 Use best available science to identify and protect environmentally critical areas. LU208.1 Strictly regulate development in environmentally critical areas and buffers to protect the ecological functions and values of the critical areas and protect the public health, safety, and welfare on development sites and neighboring properties by directing activities away from these areas through restrictions on the design and siting of structures, and restrictions on grading and other land-disturbing activity. LU 15.3 Regulate the design and siting of structures and land-disturbing actions associated with development projects in environmentally critical areas and buffers to protect the ecological functions and values of environmentally critical areas and their buffers and to protect public health and safety on development sites and neighboring properties. LU209 Permit modification of development standards in environmentally critical areas and buffers to help protect the ecological functions and values of the critical areas and to LU 15.4 Permit modification of development standards in environmentally critical areas and 132 allow reasonable development. buffers to protect the ecological functions and values of the critical areas while allowing reasonable development. LU210 When reviewing a rezone, subdivision, or lot LU boundary adjustment proposed for an area 15.5 located in or adjacent to an environmentally critical area, consider the effect of the rezone, subdivision, or lot boundary adjustment on the ecological functions and values of the critical area, and recognize that lower intensity zones are generally more appropriate in critical areas than higher intensity zones. Review rezones in or adjacent to an environmentally critical area or a hazard-prone area by considering the effects on the ecological functions and values of the critical area and on public health, safety, and welfare, and recognize that lower-intensity zones and uses are generally more appropriate than higher-intensity zones in these areas. Review subdivisions and lotboundary adjustments in or adjacent to wetlands, fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas, steep slope–erosion areas, and other environmentally critical areas by considering the effects on the ecological functions and values of those critical areas. LU211 Maintain in their natural state environmentally critical areas that contain vegetative cover and physical space for habitat. 133 LU 15.18 Protect existing vegetation in wetlands and their buffers, unless augmenting or replanting can be shown to better protect the wetland’s functions and values. LU212 Adopt regulations that encourage voluntarily enhancing the ecological functions and values of environmentally critical areas. LU 15.6 Adopt regulations that encourage landowners and developers to voluntarily enhance the ecological functions and values of environmentally critical areas. LU212.1 Provide opportunities for environmental education. LU 15.7 Provide opportunities for environmental education associated with environmentally critical areas. LU213 Seek to protect landslide-prone hillsides, including steep slopes, from future damage due to instability created or exacerbated by development, including protecting against damage to public facilities. Take into account the relative risk to life or property when reviewing development proposals for landslide-prone areas. LU 15.8 Regulate development on landslide-prone hillsides to protect against future damage due to instability that might be created or exacerbated by development, including potential damage to public facilities. Consider the relative risk to life or property when reviewing development proposals for landslide-prone areas. LU214 Before permitting development within a landslide-prone area, require engineering solutions designed to provide complete stabilization of the developed area. LU 15.9 Require engineering solutions for development in landslide-prone areas to provide complete stabilization of the developed area. LU215 Limit disturbance of steep slopes and maintain existing vegetative cover in order to control erosion and water runoff to reduce LU 15.10 Limit disturbance and maintain and enhance vegetative cover on 134 the risk of siltation and other negative environmental impacts to streams, lakes, Puget Sound, and the City’s stormwater facilities. steep slopes to control erosion and water runoff in order to reduce the risk of siltation and other environmental impacts to streams, lakes, Puget Sound, and the City’s stormwater facilities. LU216 Require new development in liquefactionprone areas to be designed and built to limit property damage and minimize risks of injury and loss of life during earthquakes. LU 15.11 Require new development in liquefaction-prone areas to be designed and built to limit property damage and to reduce risks of injury and loss of life during earthquakes. LU217 Regulate development on sites of abandoned solid waste landfills to minimize the risks of ground subsidence, earthquake induced ground shaking, and methane gas accumulation. LU 15.12 LU218 Regulate development on sites within 1,000 feet of abandoned solid waste landfills to prevent accumulation of methane gas within enclosed spaces. Regulate development on abandoned solidwaste landfill sites and areas within a thousand feet of those sites to reduce the risks of ground subsidence, earthquake-induced ground shaking, and methane-gas accumulation. LU219 Regulate development in peat settlementprone areas to minimize ground settlement caused by the: LU 15.13 Regulate development in peat settlement– prone areas to limit ground settlement caused by the removal of groundwater and by structural and earth-fill loads on those areas and nearby parcels. LU 15.14 Seek a net gain in wetland function by enhancing and restoring wetland functions • removal of groundwater; and • structural and earth/fill loads on those areas and on off-site parcels. LU220 Seek a net gain in wetland function by enhancing and restoring wetland function across the city in City projects. 135 across the city in City projects. LU221 Support efforts to restore wetlands to their original state and natural function. LU 15.15 Support efforts to restore wetlands to their original state and natural function. LU222 Strictly regulate development to minimize construction and post-construction impacts in wetlands and their buffers in order to protect the remaining unique and valuable wetland resources left in Seattle. LU 15.16 Protect Seattle’s unique remaining wetland resources and use mitigation sequencing to address construction and post-construction impacts in wetlands and their buffers by strictly regulating development. LU223 Seek no net loss of wetland acreage and require no net loss of wetland functions and values when development is allowed; functions and values include but are not limited to flood control, water quantity and quality, and fish and wildlife habitat. LU 15.17 Seek to avoid a net loss in area of wetland acreage, and require no net loss of wetland functions and values when development is allowed; functions and values include but are not limited to flood control, water quantity and quality, and fish and wildlife habitat. LU224 In wetlands and their buffers, protect vegetation in its existing condition unless augmenting or replanting can be shown to better protect the wetland’s functions and values. LU 15.18 Protect existing vegetation in wetlands and their buffers, unless augmenting or replanting can be shown to better protect the wetland’s functions and values. LU225 Regulate development in and near designated fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas in order to protect the remaining native wildlife species and significant fish populations, especially salmonids. LU 15.19 Regulate development in and near designated fish- and wildlifehabitat conservation areas in order to 136 protect the remaining native wildlife species and significant fish populations, especially salmonids. LU226 Whenever possible: • protect contiguous wildlife habitat areas; LU 15.20 • maintain wildlife corridors that connect functions; • conserve soil and ground conditions that support native vegetation; Regulate development in environmentally critical areas that contain vegetative cover and physical space for habitat, and seek to: • protect contiguous wildlifehabitat areas; • prevent siltation and high water temperatures in downstream habitat; • dampen fluctuations in surface water flows which are typically problematic in urbanized areas; and • maintain wildlife corridors that connect functions; • maintain groundwater recharge flow to support stream flows, during drier seasons. • conserve soil and ground conditions that support native vegetation; • prevent siltation and high water temperatures in downstream habitats; • dampen fluctuations in surfacewater flows, which are typically problematic in urbanized areas; and • maintain groundwater recharge flow to support stream flows during drier seasons. LU227 Regulate development within riparian corridors to protect the natural functions and values of streams, creeks, and lakes from the potential negative effects of urban 137 LU 15.21 Establish riparian corridors that include the water course or water body and riparian development. LU228 management area. Establish development standards to: • protect existing water quality; LU 15.22 Limit development within the riparian corridor to protect the natural functions and values of these areas from the potential negative effects of urban development. Retain vegetation in its natural condition. If the vegetation within the riparian corridor is degraded, allow new native plantings that enhance the functions and values of the riparian corridor. LU 15.23 Establish development standards to protect existing water quality, prevent erosion and siltation, and protect fish and wildlife habitats. LU 15.24 Establish an area bordering adjacent bodies of water on every development site, strictly limit development within such areas, and leave vegetation in its natural condition unless new plantings will enhance the functions of the buffer. LU 15.25 Regulate development in flood-prone areas in order to protect public • prevent erosion and siltation; and • protect fish and wildlife habitat. LU229 LU230 Establish riparian corridors that include the water course or water body, and riparian management area. Strictly limit development within the riparian corridor, and leave vegetation in its natural condition. If the vegetation within the riparian corridor is degraded, allow new native plantings that will enhance the functions and values of the riparian corridor Regulate development in flood-prone areas in order to protect the public health and safety, and aquatic habitat; and to prevent damage 138 to private property caused by hazardous flooding conditions. health and safety, and aquatic habitat, and to prevent damage to private property caused by hazardous flooding conditions. LU 15.26 Regulate development in flood-prone areas in order to protect public health and safety, and aquatic habitat, and to prevent damage to private property caused by hazardous flooding conditions. Shorelines – C-4, the Shorelines section in the current Land Use Element has been moved in its entirety to the Shoreline Areas Element in the Recommended Plan. LU271 Encourage the creation of cultural districts to AC support arts and cultural uses and the 4.6 economic benefits they provide. Use the creation of cultural districts as a tool to carry out neighborhood plan recommendations and other city plans that promote arts and cultural uses. LU272 Allow regulations and incentives to be adopted specifically for designated cultural districts. Allow adopted guidelines or regulations to modify, exempt, or supersede the standards of the underlying zone to encourage arts and cultural uses. LUG63 Create transit communities that are complete, compact, connected places within easy walking distance of reliable, frequent transit that provides service to multiple destinations. GS 2.12 Include the area that is generally within a tenminute walk of light rail stations or very good bus service in urban village boundaries. LUG64 Reduce dependence on automobile transportation and reduce greenhouse gas emis- GS 2.12 Include the area that is generally within a tenminute walk of light rail 139 Encourage the designation of existing clusters of cultural spaces as cultural districts. sions by supporting transit communities. LUG65 Increase the efficiency of frequent and reliable transit service by locating concentrations of jobs and residents nearby in transit communities, in order to implement the urban village strategy. LUG66 To take advantage of high concentrations of jobs and residents, prioritize investments and infrastructure improvements in transit communities, as part of the urban village strategy. LUG67 Provide opportunities for residents of transit communities to lower their cost of living by providing safe and convenient walking or transit access to employment, education, and goods and services to meet their daily needs. LUG68 Seek to provide equitable access to frequent and reliable transit service, and to preserve opportunities for a broad cross-section of socio-economic groups, ethnicities, and household types to live and work in transit communities. Encourage targeted use of incentive zoning and other tools and resources to curb potential displacement from transit communities of low-income, special needs, immigrant, and refugee populations, as well as culturally significant institutions or businesses, due to price increases and development associated with new transit facilities and increased investment. LU273 Identify potential transit communities by determining the following types of transit nodes that are located within Urban Villages and Urban Centers other than Manufacturing and Industrial Centers, where multiple destinations are easily and directly accessible via frequent and reliable transit service: 140 stations or very good bus service in urban village boundaries. GS 2.12 Include the area that is generally within a tenminute walk of light rail stations or very good bus service in urban village boundaries. GS 2.12 Include the area that is generally within a tenminute walk of light rail stations or very good bus service in urban village boundaries. 1) Light rail stations; 2) Places where two corridors that currently provide frequent transit service intersect, as shown in either red, orange, or yellow on the Frequent Transit Network map (Figure 4-1 in the Seattle Transit Master Plan), as updated to show actual 2012 frequent transit service levels; 3) Existing multimodal hubs and transportation centers shown in Figure 5-5 in the Seattle Transit Master Plan. LU274 Once potential transit communities are identified according to LU270, apply the following two factors to determine whether these areas should be designated as transit communities. These factors will be weighted to recognize differences in the scale of the facilities that generate pedestrian trips and the magnitude of expected population and employment growth. 1) Existing land uses that generate pedestrian demand, which could include major employers such as hospitals and large office buildings; colleges and universities; community facilities such as libraries, parks, and community centers; retail and service uses; multifamily housing; and tourist and entertainment attractions such as the Pike Place Market and sports stadiums. 2) Population and employment forecasts. Forecasts of the amount and location of future jobs and housing units provide estimates of future pedestrian demand. LU275 For areas that meet the transit community criteria in Policies LU270 and LU271, create proposed transit community boundaries that are generally within a ten-minute walkshed of the nodes described in LU 270. A walkshed is the distance that the average person is able to walk in ten minutes (about one-half mile), using the existing street network, taking into 141 GS 2.12 Include the area that is generally within a tenminute walk of light rail stations or very good bus service in urban village boundaries. account walking effort and the existence of barriers such as ravines or freeways. A walkshed may include community-identified generators of pedestrian activity that are nearby but do not meet the ten-minute walk criterion. LU276 Designate categories of transit communities that describe the different levels of activity, scale and type of development, and other characteristics, as a tool to support current and future planning efforts. LU277 Identify stakeholders in proposed transit communities, including neighborhood, business, community, and nonprofit organizations, and involve them in refining the boundaries of the transit community, designating the transit community category, planning potential zoning and design guideline changes, and identifying investment needs and priorities. Involve existing organizations, councils, and networks where possible, especially in urban villages and urban centers. LU278 If any area identified as a potential transit community in LU273 extends beyond an urban center or urban village boundary, consider revising the boundary to encompass the transit community area. LU279 Appropriately prioritize and focus city investments in transit communities to provide affordable housing, transportation improvements, additional open space, and other needs that support complete, compact, and connected transit communities. Consider social equity factors including automobile ownership rates, low-income population, housing cost burden, physical activity rates, and diabetes and obesity rates in the prioritization process. 142 GS 2.12 Include the area that is generally within a tenminute walk of light rail stations or very good bus service in urban village boundaries. 143 Transportation Element Current Current Language New # New Language TG1 TG1 Ensure that transportation decisions, strategies, and investments support the City’s overall growth strategy and are coordinated with this Plan’s land use goals. T10.5 Make strategic investment decisions consistent with City plans and policies. T10.6 Prioritize investment by considering life-cycle costs, safety, environmental benefits, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and public health benefits. Race and social equity should be a key factor in selecting transportation investments. T1.1 Provide safe and reliable transportation facilities and services to promote and accommodate the growth this Plan anticipates in urban centers, urban villages, and manufacturing/industrial centers. T1.3 Design transportation infrastructure in urban centers and villages to support compact, accessible, and walkable neighborhoods for all ages and abilities. T1.2 Improve transportation connections to urban centers and villages from all Seattle neighborhoods, particularly by providing a variety of affordable travel options T1 Ensure that transportation decisions, strategies, and investments are coordinated with land use goals and support the urban village strategy. Design transportation infrastructure in urban villages to support land use goals for compact, accessible, walkable neighborhoods. 144 Notes (pedestrian, transit, and bicycle facilities) and by being attentive to the needs of vulnerable and marginalized communities. T2 Make the design and scale of transportation facilities compatible with planned land uses and with consideration for the character anticipated by this Plan for the surrounding neighborhood. T1.4 Design transportation facilities to be compatible with planned land uses and consider the planned scale and character of the surrounding neighborhood. T1.6 Enhance goods movement to, within, and between Seattle’s manufacturing/industrial centers and urban villages and business districts. T1.5 Invest in transportation projects and programs that further progress toward meeting Seattle’s mode-share goals, in Transportation Figures 1 and 2, and reduce dependence on personal automobiles, particularly in urban centers. T8.7 Mitigate construction impacts from City and private projects on the use of the street rightof-way and on the operation of the transportation system, especially for vulnerable populations. New, emphasizing equity T8.8 Look for innovative ways to create training, youth employment, and living wage opportunities for marginalized populations in the construction and major maintenance of transportation facilities. New, emphasizing equity 145 T3 Encourage and provide opportunities for public involvement in planning and designing of City transportation facilities, programs, and services and encourage other agencies to do the same. GSG1 Continue to have meaningful opportunities for all people in Seattle to contribute their thoughts and aspirations to City processes that develop growth plans and related regulations. T4 Provide sufficient transportation facilities and services to promote and accommodate the growth this Plan anticipates in urban centers, urban villages, and manufacturing/ industrial centers while reducing reliance on single-occupancy vehicles. T3.2 Improve transportation options to and within the urban centers and urban villages, where most of Seattle’s job and population growth will occur. T5 Establish multi-modal hubs providing transfer points between transit modes in urban centers and urban villages. TG2 Manage the street system safely TG2 and efficiently for all modes and users and seek to balance limited street capacity among competing uses. Allocate space on Seattle’s streets to safely and efficiently connect and move people and goods to their destinations while creating inviting spaces within the rights-of-way. T8.2 Operate the transportation system in a way that balances the following priorities: safety, mobility, accessibility, social equity, placemaking, infrastructure preservation, and resident satisfaction. TG6 Provide and maintain a safe transportation system that protects all travelers, particularly the most vulnerable users. 146 T2.1 Devote space in the street right-of-way to accommodate multiple functions of mobility, access for commerce and people, activation, landscaping, and storage of vehicles. T2.3 Consider safety concerns, modal master plans, and adjacent land uses when prioritizing functions in the pedestrian, travelway, and flex zones of the right-of-way. T4.1 Design and operate streets to promote green infrastructure, new technologies, and active transportation modes while addressing safety, accessibility, and aesthetics. T4.2 Enhance the public street tree canopy and landscaping in the street right-of-way. T2.8 Employ the following tactics to resolve potential conflicts for space in the right-of-way: ● Allocate needed functions across a corridor composed of several streets or alleys, if all functions cannot fit in a single street ● Share space between travel modes and uses where safe and where possible over the course of the day ● Prioritize assignment of space to shared and shorter-duration uses ● Encourage off-street accommodation for nonmobility uses, including 147 parking and transit layover ● Implement transportation- and parkingdemand management strategies to encourage more efficient use of the existing right-of-way TG3 Promote safe and convenient bicycle and pedestrian access throughout the transportation system. T2.9 Develop a decision-making framework to direct the planning, design, and optimization of street rightof-way. T2.4 Use pedestrian design guidance in the Right-of-Way Improvements Manual and policy guidance from the modal master plans to determine adequacy of the pedestrian realm, before allocating space to the flex zone or travelway. Within the pedestrian realm, prioritize space to address safety concerns, network connectivity, and activation. T2.11 Design sidewalks in urban centers, urban villages, and areas designated as pedestrian zones in the Land Use Code to meet the dimensional standards as specified in the Right–of-Way Improvements Manual to foster vibrant pedestrian environments in these areas. TG6 Provide and maintain a safe transportation system that protects all travelers, particularly the most vulnerable users. 148 T6.4 Minimize right-of-way conflicts to safely accommodate all travelers. T3.10 Develop and maintain bicycle and pedestrian facilities, including public stairways, that enhance the predictability and safety of all users of the street and that connect to a wide range of key destinations throughout the city. T3.13 Develop facilities and programs, such as bike sharing, that encourage short trips to be made by walking or biking. T2.5 Prioritize mobility needs in the street travelway based on safety concerns and on the recommended networks and facilities identified in the respective modal plans. T2.6 Allocate space in the flex zone to accommodate access, activation, and greening functions, except when use of the flex zone for mobility is critical to address safety or to meet connectivity needs identified in modal master plans. When mobility is needed only part of the day, design the space to accommodate other functions at other times. T2.7 Assign space in the flex zone to support nearby land uses, provide support for modal plan priorities, and accommodate multiple 149 functions. TG4 Promote adequate capacity on the street system for transit and other designated uses. TG2 Allocate space on Seattle’s streets to safely and efficiently connect and move people and goods to their destinations while creating inviting spaces within the rights-of-way. T2.2 Ensure that the street network accommodates multiple travel modes, including transit, freight movement, pedestrians, bicycles, general purpose traffic, and shared transportation options. TG5 Preserve and maintain the boulevard network as both a travel and open space system. T2.13 Preserve and enhance the boulevard network both for travel and as a usable openspace system for active transportation modes. TG6 Promote efficient freight and goods movement. T1.6 Enhance goods movement to, within, and between Seattle’s manufacturing/industrial centers and urban villages and business districts. TG7 Protect neighborhood streets from through traffic. T6.9 Use complete street principles, traffic calming, and neighborhood traffic control strategies to promote safe neighborhood streets by discouraging cut-through traffic. T6 Allocate street space among T2.1 various uses (e.g., traffic, transit, trucks, carpools, bicycles, parking, and pedestrians) according to Complete Streets principles, set out in Ordinance Devote space in the street right-of-way to accommodate multiple functions of mobility, access for commerce and people, activation, landscaping, and storage of 150 122386, to enhance the key function(s) of a street. T7 Designate a series of arterials as defined below and, consistent with such designations, identify those arterials in the Transportation Appendix Figure A-1. vehicles. T6.4 Minimize right-of-way conflicts to safely accommodate all travelers. T6.9 Use complete street principles, traffic calming, and neighborhood traffic control strategies to promote safe neighborhood streets by discouraging cut-through traffic. T2.12 Designate the following classifications of arterials: ● Principal arterials: roadways that are intended to serve as the primary routes for moving traffic through the city and for connecting urban centers and urban villages to one another or to the regional transportation network Principal (Major) Arterials: roadways that are intended to serve as the primary routes for moving traffic through the city connecting urban centers and urban villages to one another, or to the regional transportation network. ● Minor arterials: roadways that distribute traffic from principal arterials to collector arterials and access streets Minor (Secondary) Arterials: roadways that distribute traffic from principal arterials to collector arterials and access streets. ● Collector arterials: roadways that collect and distribute traffic from principal and minor arterials to local access streets or provide direct access to destinations Collector Arterials: roadways that collect and distribute traffic from principal and minor arterials to local access streets or provide direct access to destinations. T8 Establish a street system that can accommodate the weight of 151 heavy vehicles and reduce the damage such vehicles can cause. T9 Designate a future transit network in the Transit Master Plan to maintain and improve transit mobility and access, compatible with the transportation infrastructure and surrounding land uses. Through the network, focus transit investments and indicate expected bus volumes and transit priority treatments appropriate for the type and condition of the street. T10 Designate in a Freight Master Plan a truck street classification network to accommodate trucks and to preserve and improve commercial transportation mobility and access. T11 Designate a future bicycle classification network in the Bicycle Master Plan to accommodate bicycle trips through the city and to major destinations. T12 Designate, in the Right-of-Way Improvement Manual, a network of boulevards that provides for circulation and access in a manner that enhances the appreciation or use of adjacent major parklands and vistas and preserves the historic character of the boulevards. T13 Designate, in the Right-of-Way Improvement Manual, a series of street types to define street use and design features that support adjacent land uses and mobility. T3.13 Develop facilities and programs, such as bike sharing that encourage short trips to be made by walking or biking. T2.10 Identify street types in the Right-of-Way Improvements Manual, and have those street types correspond to the land uses designated in 152 this Plan. T14 Use neighborhood traffic control devices and strategies to protect local streets from through traffic, high volumes, high speeds, and pedestrian/vehicle conflicts. Use these devices and strategies on collector arterials where they are compatible with the basic function of collector arterials. T15 Increase capacity on roadways only if needed to improve safety, improve connectivity of the transportation network improve isolated connections to regional roadways, or where other measures are impractical to achieve level-of-service standards. The City will manage capacity of principal arterials where and as appropriate and will not attempt to provide street space to meet latent demand for travel by car. The City will not support freeway expansion for the sole purpose of increasing general traffic capacity. T16 Recognize the important function of alleys in the transportation network. Consider alleys, especially T6.1 Reduce collisions for all modes of transportation and work toward a transportation system that produces zero fatalities and serious injuries to attain the City’s Vision Zero objectives. T6.2 Enhance community safety and livability through measures such as reduced speed limits, lane rechannelization, and crossing improvements. T6.3 Consider lowering speed limits on residential streets and arterials as a way to reduce collision rates and improve safety. T2.14 Maintain, preserve and enhance the City’s alleys as a valuable network for public spaces and access, loading 153 continuous alleys, a valuable resource for access to abutting properties to load/unload, locate utilities, and dispose of waste. TG8 Meet the current and future mobility needs of residents, businesses, and visitors with a balanced transportation system. TG9 Provide programs and services to promote transit, bicycling, walking, and carpooling to help reduce car use and SOV trips. TG10 Accommodate all new trips in downtown with non-SOV modes. T17 Provide, support, and promote programs and strategies aimed at reducing the number of car trips and miles driven (for work and non-work purposes) to increase the efficiency of the transportation system and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. and unloading for freight, and utility operations. TG3 Meet people’s mobility needs by providing equitable access to, and encouraging use of, multiple transportation options. T8.2 Operate the transportation system in a way that balances the following priorities: safety, mobility, accessibility, social equity, placemaking, infrastructure preservation, and resident satisfaction. T3.1 Develop and maintain highquality, affordable, and connected bicycle, pedestrian, and transit facilities. T4.3 Reduce drive-alone vehicle trips, vehicle dependence, and vehicle-miles traveled in order to help meet the City’s greenhouse gas reduction targets and reduce and mitigate air, water, and noise pollution. T9.3 Pursue strategies to reduce drive-alone trips in order to increase the ability of the city’s transportation network to carry people. T8.3 Employ state-of-the-art intelligent transportation systems to increase efficiency of movement and reduce 154 travel delays for all modes. T8.5 Optimize traffic-signal corridors, taking the needs of all types of transportation into account. T18 Promote public awareness of the impact travel choices have on household finances, personal quality of life, society, and the environment and increase awareness of the range of travel choices available. TG4 Promote healthy communities by providing a transportation system that protects and improves Seattle’s environmental quality. T19 Pursue transportation demand management (TDM) strategies at the regional and urban center levels, and strengthen regional and urban center-based partnerships working on TDM measures. Coordinate and develop relationships with urban center, regional, and state partners so customers see their travel choices and the various TDM promotions as a coordinated, integrated system that makes a difference in the community. T7.6 Work with regional transit agency partners to expand and optimize crossjurisdictional regional light rail and bus transit service investments that function as a single, coordinated system to encourage more trips to, from, and within Seattle on transit. T9.2 Provide a menu of transportation-demand management tools for future development to meet nondrive-alone mode share targets. TG11 Create a transit-oriented transportation system that builds strong neighborhoods and supports economic development. T3.4 TG12 Provide mobility and access by public transportation for the greatest number of people to the greatest number of services, jobs, educational opportunities, and other destinations. Develop a citywide transit system that includes a variety of transit modes to meet passenger capacity needs with frequent, reliable, accessible, and safe service to a wide variety of destinations throughout the day and week. 155 TG13 Increase transit ridership, and thereby reduce use of singleoccupant vehicles to reduce environmental degradation and the societal costs associated with their use. TG4 Promote healthy communities by providing a transportation system that protects and improves Seattle’s environmental quality. T3.8 Expand light rail capacity and bus reliability in corridors where travel capacity is constrained, such as crossing the Lake Washington Ship Canal or the Duwamish River, or through the Center City T20 Work with transit providers to provide transit service that is fast, frequent, and reliable between urban centers and urban villages and that is accessible to most of the city’s residences and businesses. Pursue strategies that make transit safe, secure, comfortable, and affordable. T21 Support development of an T7.6 integrated, regional high capacity transit system that links urban centers within the city and the region. Work with regional transit agency partners to expand and optimize crossjurisdictional regional light rail and bus transit service investments that function as a single, coordinated system to encourage more trips to, from, and within Seattle on transit. T7.7 Work with regional transit agencies to encourage them to provide service that is consistent with this Plan’s growth goals and strategy. T7.8 Support regional transportation pricing and tolling strategies that help 156 manage regionwide transportation demand. T22 Pursue a citywide intermediate capacity transit system that connects urban centers, urban villages and manufacturing/ industrial centers. T23 Pursue a citywide local transit system that connects homes and businesses with neighborhood transit facilities. T24 T3.4 Develop a citywide transit system that includes a variety of transit modes to meet passenger capacity needs with frequent, reliable, accessible, and safe service to a wide variety of destinations throughout the day and week. T3.9 Provide high-quality pedestrian, bicycle, and bus transit access to high-capacity transit stations, in order to support transit ridership and reduce single-occupant vehicle trips. T3.7 Optimize operations of bus rapid transit, RapidRide and streetcar corridors by adjusting signals and consider providing exclusive transit lanes to promote faster travel times for transit than for automobile travel. Work with transit providers to design and operate transit facilities and services to make connections within the transit system and other modes safe and convenient. Integrate transit stops, stations, and hubs into existing communities and business districts to make it easy for people to ride transit and reach local businesses. Minimize negative environmental and economic impacts of transit service and facilities on surrounding areas. 157 T24.5 Work with transit providers to locate transit stops and stations to facilitate pedestrian access. Seek to develop safe street crossings at transit stop locations, particularly on roadways with more than one travel lane in any direction. T25 Work with transit providers to ensure that the design of stations and alignments will improve how people move through and perceive the city, contribute positively to Seattle’s civic identity and reflect the cultural identity of the communities in which they are located. T26 Discourage the development of major, stand-alone park-and-ride facilities within Seattle. Situations where additions to park-and-ride capacity could be considered include: T3.10 Develop and maintain bicycle and pedestrian facilities, including public stairways, that enhance the predictability and safety of all users of the street and that connect to a wide range of key destinations throughout the city. T6.2 Enhance community safety and livability through measures such as reduced speed limits, lane rechannelization, and crossing improvements. LU6.15 Discourage the development of major stand-alone parkand-ride facilities within Seattle. Additions to parkand-ride capacity could be considered: • At the terminus for a major, regional transit system; • at the terminus of a major regional transit system, • Opportunities exist for “shared parking” (e.g., where transit commuter parking can be leased from another development, such as a shopping center, movie theater, or church); and • where opportunities exist for shared parking, or • where alternatives to automobile use are particularly inadequate or cannot be provided in a costeffective manner. • Areas where alternatives to 158 automobile use are particularly inadequate (e.g., lack of direct transit service, or pedestrian and bicycle access) or cannot be provided in a cost-effective manner. T27 T28 Encourage transit services that address the needs of persons with disabilities, the elderly, other people with special needs, and people who depend on public transit for their mobility. Support efficient use of ferries to move passengers and goods to, from, and within Seattle. Explore route, funding and governance options for waterborne transit service, especially those that serve pedestrians. T3.3 Consider the income, age, ability, and vehicle-ownership patterns of populations throughout the city in developing transportation systems and facilities so that all residents, especially those most in need, have access to a wide range of affordable travel options. T3.20 Design and manage the transportation system, including on-street parking, so that people with disabilities have safe and convenient access to their destinations, while discouraging use of disabled parking permits for commuter use in areas of high short-term parking demand. T3.6 Make transit services affordable to low-income residents through programs that reduce household transportation costs. T7.4 Support a strong regional ferry system that maximizes the movement of people, freight, and goods. In order to limit the expansion of automobile traffic by ferry, 159 New, emphasizing equity encourage the Washington State Ferry System to expand its practice of giving loading and/or fare priority to certain vehicles, such as transit, carpools, vanpools, bicycles, and/or commercial vehicles, on particular routes, on certain days of the week, and/or at certain times of day. Encourage the Washington State Ferry System to integrate transit loading and unloading areas into ferry terminals, and to provide adequate bicycle capacity on ferries and adequate and secure bicycle parking at terminals. T29 For water-borne travel across Puget Sound, encourage the expansion of passenger-only ferry service and land-side facilities and terminals that encourage walk-on (by foot, bicycle and transit) trips rather than ferry travel with automobiles. TG14 Increase walking and bicycling to help achieve City transportation, environmental, community and public health goals. T3.10 Develop and maintain bicycle and pedestrian facilities, including public stairways, that enhance the predictability and safety of all users of the street and that connect to a wide range of key destinations throughout the city. TG4 Promote healthy communities by providing a transportation system that protects and improves Seattle’s environmental quality. 160 TG15 T30 Create and enhance safe, accessible, attractive, and convenient street and trail networks that are desirable for walking and bicycling. Improve mobility and safe access for walking and bicycling, and create incentives to promote non-motorized travel to employment centers, commercial districts, transit stations, schools and major institutions, and recreational destinations. T2.11 Design sidewalks in urban centers, urban villages, and areas designated as pedestrian zones in the Land Use Code to meet the dimensional standards as specified in the Right–of-Way Improvements Manual to foster vibrant pedestrian environments in these areas. TG6 Provide and maintain a safe transportation system that protects all travelers, particularly the most vulnerable users. T2.15 Create vibrant public spaces in and near the right-of-way that foster social interaction, promote access to walking, bicycling, and transit options, and enhance the public realm. T5.10 Build great streetscapes and activate public spaces in the right-of-way to promote economic vitality. T3.10 Develop and maintain bicycle and pedestrian facilities, including public stairways, that enhance the predictability and safety of all users of the street and that connect to a wide range of key destinations throughout the city. TG6 Provide and maintain a safe transportation system that protects all travelers, particularly the most vulnerable users. 161 T30.5 Look for opportunities to reT3.11 establish connections across I-5 by enlarging existing crossings, creating crossing under, or constructing lids over I-5 that can also provide opportunities for development or open space. Look for opportunities to reestablish or improve connections across I-5 by creating new crossings or enhancing streets where I-5 crosses overhead, especially where these can also enhance opportunities for development or open space. T31 Integrate pedestrian and bicycle facilities, services, and programs into City and regional transportation and transit systems. Encourage transit providers, the Washington State Ferry System, and others to provide safe and convenient pedestrian and bicycle access to and onto transit systems, covered and secure bicycle storage at stations, especially for persons with disabilities and special needs. T3.13 Develop facilities and programs, such as bike sharing, that encourage short trips to be made by walking or biking. T3.20 Design and manage the transportation system, including on-street parking, so that people with disabilities have safe and convenient access to their destinations, while discouraging use of disabled parking permits for commuter use in areas of high short-term parking demand. TG6 Provide and maintain a safe transportation system that protects all travelers, particularly the most vulnerable users. T3.10 Develop and maintain bicycle and pedestrian facilities, including public stairways, that enhance the predictability and safety of all users of the street and that connect to a wide range of key destinations throughout the city. T32 Recognize that stairways located within Seattle’s public rights-ofway serve as a unique and valuable pedestrian resource in some areas of the city. Discourage the vacation of public rights-of-way occupied by stairways, and protect publiclyowned stairways from private encroachment. 162 T33 Accelerate the maintenance, development, and improvement of pedestrian facilities, including public stairways. Give special consideration to: T3.3 Consider the income, age, ability, and vehicle-ownership patterns of populations throughout the city in developing transportation systems and facilities so that all residents, especially those most in need, have access to a wide range of affordable travel options. T3.15 Support and plan for innovation in transportation • access to recommended school walking routes; • access to transit, public facilities, social services, and community centers; • access within and between urban villages for people with disabilities and special needs; • areas with a history of pedestrian/motor vehicle crashes and other safety problems; and • areas with high levels of growth. T34 Provide and maintain a direct and comprehensive bicycle network connecting urban centers, urban villages, and other key locations. Provide continuous bicycle facilities and work to eliminate system gaps. T35 Develop, apply, and report on walking and bicycling transportation performance measures to evaluate the functioning of the non-motorized transportation system; to ensure consistency with current industry standards; to identify strengths, deficiencies, and potential improvements; and to support development of new and innovative facilities and programs. 163 options and shared mobility, including car sharing, bike sharing, and transportation network companies, that can increase travel options, enhance mobility, and provide first- and last-mile connections for people. T35.5 Provide facilities for nonmotorized modes of travel that keep pace with development in the City. T36 Promote safe walking, bicycling, and driving behavior through education, enforcement, and engineering design, in order to provide public health benefits and to reinforce pedestrian, bicycle, and motorist rights and responsibilities. TG16 T3.16 Implement new technologies that will enhance access to transportation and parking options. TG6 Provide and maintain a safe transportation system that protects all travelers, particularly the most vulnerable users. T6.1 Reduce collisions for all modes of transportation and work toward a transportation system that produces zero fatalities and serious injuries to attain the City’s Vision Zero objectives. T6.6 Invest in education measures that increase mutual awareness among motorists, pedestrians, and bicyclists. T8.3 Employ state-of-the-art intelligent transportation systems to increase efficiency of movement and reduce travel delays for all modes. Manage the parking supply to achieve vitality of urban centers and villages, auto trip reduction, 164 and improved air quality. TG17 Recognize that the primary transportation purpose of the arterial street system is to move people and goods, when making on-street parking decisions. T37 Consider establishing parking districts that allow for neighborhood based on- and offstreet parking management regulations. T38 Use low-cost parking management strategies such as curb space management, shared parking, pricing, parking information and marketing, and similar tools to encourage more efficient use of existing parking supply before pursuing more expensive off-street parking facility options. T39 T3.17 Implement curb-space management strategies such as parking time limits, onstreet parking pricing, loading zones, and residential parking programs to promote transportation choices, encourage parking turnover, improve customer access, and provide for efficient allocation of parking among diverse users. T3.18 Consider roadway pricing strategies on city arterials to manage demand during peak travel times, particularly in the Center City. Restrict on-street parking when necessary to address safety, operational, or mobility problems. In urban centers and urban villages where such restriction is being considered, the pedestrian environment and transit operations are of primary concern, but decisions should also balance the use of the street by high-occupancy vehicles, bicycles, and motor vehicles; access to local businesses; control 165 of parking spillover into residential areas; and truck access and loading. T40 T3.17 Implement curb-space management strategies such as parking time limits, onstreet parking pricing, loading zones, and residential parking programs to promote transportation choices, encourage parking turnover, improve customer access, and provide for efficient allocation of parking among diverse users. T3.17 Implement curb-space management strategies such as parking time limits, onstreet parking pricing, loading zones, and residential parking programs to promote transportation choices, encourage parking turnover, improve customer access, and provide for efficient allocation of parking among diverse users. During construction or T3.19 implementation of new transportation projects, consider replacing short-term parking only when the project results in a concentrated and substantial amount of on-street parking loss. Consider replacing short-term parking that is displaced by construction or new transportation projects only when the project results in a concentrated and substantial amount of on-street parking loss. In commercial districts prioritize curb space in following order: • transit stops and layover; • passenger and commercial vehicle loading; • short-term parking (time limit signs and paid parking); • parking for shared vehicles; and vehicular capacity. T41 In residential districts, prioritize curb space in the following order: • transit stops and layover; • passenger and commercial vehicle loading; • parking for local residents and for shared vehicles; and • vehicular capacity. T42 T8.7 Mitigate construction impacts from City and private projects on the use of the street rightof-way and on the operation of the transportation system, especially for vulnerable 166 populations. T43 Use paid on-street parking to encourage parking turnover, customer access, and efficient allocation of parking among diverse users. T44 Consider installing longer-term paid on-street parking along edges of commercial districts or in office and institutional zones to regulate curb space where short-term parking demand is low. T45 Strive to allocate adequate parking enforcement resources to encourage voluntary compliance with on-street parking regulations. T46 Coordinate Seattle’s parking policies with regional parking policies to preserve Seattle’s competitive position in the region. TG18 Preserve and improve mobility and access for the transport of goods and services. TG5 Improve mobility and access for the movement of goods and services to enhance and promote economic opportunity throughout the city. TG19 Maintain Seattle as the hub for regional goods movement and as a gateway to national and international suppliers and markets. T5.1 Enhance Seattle’s role as the hub for regional goods movement and as a gateway to national and international suppliers and markets. T47 Maintain a forum for the freight community to advise the City and other entities on an ongoing basis on topics of land-based T5.6 Work with freight stakeholders and the Port of Seattle to maintain and improve intermodal freight 167 freight transportation facility modifications and enhancements. Coordinate the review of potential operational changes, capital projects, and regulations that may impact freight movement. Participate and advocate Seattle’s interests in regional and state forums. T48 Recognize the importance of the freight network to the city’s economic health when making decisions that affect Major Truck streets as well as other parts of the region’s roadway system. Complete Street improvements supporting freight mobility along with other modes of travel may be considered on Major Truck streets. T49 Support efficient and safe movement of goods by rail where appropriate. Promote continued operation of freight rail lines and intermodal yards that serve industrial properties and the transport of goods. Improve the safety and connections involving Port container terminals, rail yards, industrial areas, airports, and regional highways. T5.2 Develop a truck freight network in the Freight Master Plan that connects the city’s manufacturing/industrial centers, enhances freight mobility and operational efficiencies, and promotes the city’s economic health. T7.5 Plan for the city’s truck freight network, developed as part of the Freight Master Plan, to connect to the state and regional freight network, and to continue providing good connections to regional industrial and warehouse uses. T8.6 Designate a heavy haul network for truck freight to provide efficient freight operations to key port terminals and intermodal freight facilities. T5.2 Develop a truck freight network in the Freight Master Plan that connects the city’s manufacturing/industrial centers, enhances freight mobility and operational efficiencies, and promotes the city’s economic health. 168 operational conditions for freight rail transport at the rail track crossings within city streets. T50 T51 Promote an intermodal freight transportation strategy, including rail, truck, air, and water transport and advocate for improved freight and goods movement. Work toward improved multi-modal connections among rail yards, industrial areas, airports, and regional roadways. T5.7 Support efficient and safe movement of goods by rail where appropriate, and promote efficient operation of freight rail lines and intermodal yards. T6.1 Reduce collisions for all modes of transportation and work toward a transportation system that produces zero fatalities and serious injuries to attain the City’s Vision Zero objectives. T7.5 Plan for the city’s truck freight network, developed as part of the Freight Master Plan, to connect to the state and regional freight network, and to continue providing good connections to regional industrial and warehouse uses. T8.6 Designate a heavy haul network for truck freight to provide efficient freight operations to key port terminals and intermodal freight facilities. T6.5 Improve safety for all modes of transportation on streets heavily used by trucks. Consider the needs for local delivery and collection of goods at businesses by truck when making street operational decisions and when developing and implementing projects and 169 programs for highways, streets, and bridges. T5.5 Evaluate the feasibility of grade separation in locations where train-induced street closings result in significant delays and safety issues for other traffic, and improve the safety and operational conditions at rail crossings of city streets. T5.4 Use intelligent transportation system technology to alert motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians to the presence and anticipated length of closures due to train crossings and bridge openings for water vessels. T5.3 Ensure that freight corridors are designed, maintained, and operated to provide efficient movement of truck traffic. T4.6 Improve mobility and access for freight in order to reduce truck idling, improve air quality, and minimize the impacts of truck parking and movement in residential areas. T5.8 Increase efficient and affordable access to jobs, education, and workforce training in order to promote economic opportunity. T5.9 Improve access to urban villages and other neighborhood business districts for customers and delivery of goods. 170 TG21 Reduce or mitigate air, water, and noise pollution from motor vehicles. TG22 Promote energy-efficient transportation. T52 Design and operate streets to promote healthy urban environments while keeping safety, accessibility, and aesthetics in balance. T53 Implement an environmental management system to develop, operate and maintain a safe and reliable transportation system in a manner that reduces the environmental impacts of City operations and services. T3.14 Develop and implement programs to educate all users of the street on rules of the road, rights, and responsibilities. T8.2 Operate the transportation system in a way that balances the following priorities: safety, mobility, accessibility, social equity, placemaking, infrastructure preservation, and resident satisfaction. T6.6 Invest in education measures that increase mutual awareness among motorists, pedestrians, and bicyclists. T6.4 Minimize right-of-way conflicts to safely accommodate all travelers. T6.7 Implement innovative and effective measures to improve safety that combine engineering, education, evaluation, and enforcement. TG4 Promote healthy communities by providing a transportation system that protects and improves Seattle’s environmental quality. 171 T54 T55 Identify, evaluate, and mitigate environmental impacts of transportation investments and operating decisions (including impacts on air and water quality, noise, environmentally critical areas, and endangered species). Pursue transportation projects, programs, and investment strategies consistent with noise reduction, air quality improvement, vehicle trip reduction, protection of critical areas and endangered species, and water quality improvement objectives. Coordinate with other city, county, regional, state, and federal agencies to pursue opportunities for air and water quality improvement, street and stormwater runoff prevention, reduction in vehicle miles traveled, and noise reduction. T3.12 Prioritize bicycle and pedestrian investments on the basis of increasing use, safety, connectivity, equity, health, livability, and opportunities to leverage funding. T10.6 Prioritize investment by considering life-cycle costs, safety, environmental benefits, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and public health benefits. Race and social equity should be a key factor in selecting transportation investments. TG4 Promote healthy communities by providing a transportation system that protects and improves Seattle’s environmental quality. T6.8 Emphasize safety as a consideration in all transportation plans and projects, including project prioritization criteria. T10.5 Make strategic investment decisions consistent with City plans and policies. T6.8 Emphasize safety as a consideration in all transportation plans and projects, including project prioritization criteria. TG7 Engage with other agencies to ensure that regional projects and programs affecting Seattle are consistent with City plans, policies, and 172 priorities T56 TG23 Continue to work to reduce fuel use and promote the use of alternative fuels. Actively engage other agencies to assure that regional projects and programs affecting the city are consistent with City plans, policies, and priorities. T7.1 Coordinate with regional, state, and federal agencies; other local governments; and transit providers when planning and operating transportation facilities and services that reach beyond the City’s borders. T4.4 Work to reduce the use of fossil fuels and promote the use of alternative fuels. T4.5 Encourage the provision and expansion of electric-vehicle charging stations. TG7 Engage with other agencies to ensure that regional projects and programs affecting Seattle are consistent with City plans, policies, and priorities T7.1 Coordinate with regional, state, and federal agencies; other local governments; and transit providers when planning and operating transportation facilities and services that reach beyond the City’s borders. T57 Support regional pricing and parking strategies that contribute to transportation demand management objectives and to economic development. T3.18 Consider roadway pricing strategies on city arterials to manage demand during peak travel times, particularly in the Center City. T58 Coordinate with regional, state and federal agencies, local governments, and transit providers when planning and T6.8 Emphasize safety as a consideration in all transportation plans and projects, including project 173 operating transportation facilities and services in order to promote regional mobility for people and goods and the urban center approach to growth management. prioritization criteria. TG7 Engage with other agencies to ensure that regional projects and programs affecting Seattle are consistent with City plans, policies, and priorities T7.1 Coordinate with regional, state, and federal agencies; other local governments; and transit providers when planning and operating transportation facilities and services that reach beyond the City’s borders. T59 Support completion of the freeway high-occupancy-vehicle (HOV) lane system throughout the central Puget Sound region. Maintain the HOV system for its intended purpose of promoting non-SOV travel. T7.2 Support completion of the freeway high-occupancyvehicle lane system throughout the Central Puget Sound region and continued use of that system for promoting more efficient travel. T60 Expansion of freeway capacity should be limited primarily to accommodate non-SOV users. Spot expansion of capacity to improve safety or remove operational constraints may be appropriate in specific locations. T7.3 Limit freeway capacity expansions intended primarily to accommodate drive-alone users to allow only spot improvements that enhance safety or remove operational constraints in specific locations. TG24 Promote the safe and efficient operation of Seattle’s transportation system. TG6 Provide and maintain a safe transportation system that protects all travelers, particularly the most vulnerable users. 174 TG25 Preserve and renew Seattle’s transportation system. T62 In operating the transportation system, balance the following priorities: safety, mobility, accessibility, infrastructure preservation, and citizen satisfaction. T6.7 Implement innovative and effective measures to improve safety that combine engineering, education, evaluation, and enforcement. T6.1 Reduce collisions for all modes of transportation and work toward a transportation system that produces zero fatalities and serious injuries to attain the City’s Vision Zero objectives. T3.14 Develop and implement programs to educate all users of the street on rules of the road, rights, and responsibilities. T8.2 Operate the transportation system in a way that balances the following priorities: safety, mobility, accessibility, social equity, placemaking, infrastructure preservation, and resident satisfaction. TG6 Provide and maintain a safe transportation system that protects all travelers, particularly the most vulnerable users. T6.1 Reduce collisions for all modes of transportation and work toward a transportation system that produces zero fatalities and serious injuries to attain the City’s Vision Zero objectives. 175 T63 Maintain the transportation system to keep it operating safely and to maximize its useful life. T6.1 Reduce collisions for all modes of transportation and work toward a transportation system that produces zero fatalities and serious injuries to attain the City’s Vision Zero objectives. T8.1 Maintain the transportation system to keep it operating and to maximize its useful life. T64 Repair transportation facilities before replacement is warranted. Replace failed facilities when replacement is more cost-effective than continuing to repair. T8.4 Repair transportation facilities before replacement is necessary; replace failed facilities when replacement is more cost-effective than continuing to repair. TG26 Use level-of-service standards, as required by the Growth Management Act, as a gauge to judge the performance of the arterial and transit system. TG9 Use LOS standards as a gauge to assess the performance of the transportation system. T65 Define arterial level-of-service T9.1 (LOS) to be the ratio of measured traffic volumes to calculated roadway capacity at designated screenlines, each of which encompasses one or more T9.4 arterials, as shown in Transportation Figure A-11. Measure peak hour directional traffic volumes on the arterials crossing each screenline to calculate the screenline LOS. Define arterial and transit LOS to be the share of drive-alone trips made during the lateafternoon peak period (3:00 to 6:00 p.m.). Define transit level-of-service T9.1 (LOS) to be the ratio of measured traffic volumes to calculated roadway capacity at designated screenlines, each of which encompasses one or more arterials shown in Transportation Define arterial and transit LOS to be the share of drive-alone trips made during the lateafternoon peak period (3:00 to 6:00 p.m.). T66 Assess the mode share LOS standards over time and adjust as necessary, based on review of other City transportation measures. Provide a menu of transportation-demand 176 New transportation LOS measure Appendix Figure A-11. Measure peak hour directional traffic volumes on the arterials crossing each screenline to calculate the screenline LOS. T9.2 management tools for future development to meet nondrive-alone mode share targets. Pursue strategies to reduce drive-alone trips tin order to increase the ability of the city’s transportation network to carry people. T9.3 Assess the mode share LOS standards over time and adjust as necessary, based on review of other City transportation measures. T9.4 T67 When the calculated LOS for a screenline approaches the LOS standard for that screenline, first pursue strategies to reduce vehicular travel demand across the screenline before increasing the operating capacity across the screenline. TG27 Recognize and promote the urban village strategy when making transportation investments. TG28 Work towards transportation funding levels adequate to maintain and improve the transportation system. T3.12 Prioritize bicycle and pedestrian investments on the basis of increasing use, safety, connectivity, equity, health, livability, and opportunities to leverage funding. T10.5 Make strategic investment decisions consistent with City plans and policies. TG8 Maintain and renew existing transportation assets to ensure the long-term viability of investments, reduce ongoing costs, and promote safe conditions. 177 T68 TG10 Ensure that transportation funding is sufficient to operate, maintain, and improve the transportation system that supports the city’s transportation, land use, economic, environmental, equity, and other goals. T8.1 Maintain the transportation system to keep it operating and to maximize its useful life. Make strategic transportation T3.5 investment decisions that are consistent with other policies in this Plan and with funding opportunities that promote the city’s transportation investment priorities. These investment T10.6 decisions will also be made with consideration to future operating and maintenance costs associated with improvements. Prioritize transit investments on the basis of ridership demand, service to populations heavily reliant on transit, and opportunities to leverage funding. Prioritize investment by considering life-cycle costs, safety, environmental benefits, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and public health benefits. Race and social equity should be a key factor in selecting transportation investments. TG10 Ensure that transportation funding is sufficient to operate, maintain, and improve the transportation system that supports the city’s transportation, land use, economic, environmental, equity, and other goals. T10.4 Partner with other City departments, as well as regional transportation and public works agencies, to 178 coordinate investments, maximize project integration, reduce improvement costs, and limit construction impacts on neighborhoods. T69 T70 Support regional and local transit resource allocations, as well as efforts to increase overall transit funding that are consistent with the City’s urban village strategy and the regions’ urban center policies. Pursue strategies to finance repair of road damage from heavy vehicles in a way that is equitable for Seattle’s taxpayers. T10.5 Make strategic investment decisions consistent with City plans and policies. T3.12 Prioritize bicycle and pedestrian investments on the basis of increasing use, safety, connectivity, equity, health, livability, and opportunities to leverage funding. TG8 Maintain and renew existing transportation assets to ensure the long-term viability of investments, reduce ongoing costs, and promote safe conditions. T10.4 Partner with other City departments, as well as regional transportation and public works agencies, to coordinate investments, maximize project integration, reduce improvement costs, and limit construction impacts on neighborhoods. T8.4 Repair transportation facilities before replacement is necessary; replace failed facilities when replacement is more cost-effective than continuing to repair. 179 T71 Fund projects, programs and services with a combination of local and non-local funds, including: • contributions from other entities that benefit from an investment, such as property owners located near an investment; TG8 Maintain and renew existing transportation assets to ensure the long-term viability of investments, reduce ongoing costs, and promote safe conditions. T10.1 Maintain and increase dedicated local transportation funding by renewing or replacing the transportation levy and by maintaining or replacing the existing commercial parking tax and Seattle Transportation Benefit District. T10.2 Work with regional and state partners to encourage a shift to more reliance on userbased taxes and fees, and on revenues related to impacts on the transportation system and the environment. T10.3 Leverage local funding resources by securing grants from regional, state, and federal sources, and through contributions from those who benefit from improvements. T10.4 Partner with other City departments, as well as regional transportation and public works agencies, to coordinate investments, maximize project integration, reduce improvement costs, and limit construction impacts on neighborhoods. • grants and other investments from local, regional, state, and federal funding sources; and • contributions from the region for investments that serve regionally-designated urban centers and regional facilities. 180 T72 Consider new funding sources that are flexible, equitable, and sustainable, including: • growth- and developmentrelated revenues, including impact fees, where appropriate and where consistent with economic development policies; T10.5 Make strategic investment decisions consistent with City plans and policies. TG8 Maintain and renew existing transportation assets to ensure the long-term viability of investments, reduce ongoing costs, and promote safe conditions. T10.7 Consider use of transportation-impact fees to help fund transportation system improvements needed to serve growth. T10.1 Maintain and increase dedicated local transportation funding by renewing or replacing the transportation levy and by maintaining or replacing the existing commercial parking tax and Seattle Transportation Benefit District. TG8 Maintain and renew existing transportation assets to ensure the long-term viability of investments, reduce ongoing costs, and promote safe conditions. T10.2 Work with regional and state partners to encourage a shift to more reliance on userbased taxes and fees, and on revenues related to impacts on the transportation system and the environment. T10.4 Partner with other City departments, as well as regional transportation and public works agencies, to • user-based taxes and fees, including a commercial parking tax; and • other locally generated revenues. T73 Support regional, state, and federal initiatives to increase transportation funding. Work to encourage new and existing funding sources that recognize Seattle’s needs and priorities. 181 coordinate investments, maximize project integration, reduce improvement costs, and limit construction impacts on neighborhoods. T74 Consistent with the other policies in this Plan: TG8 Maintain and renew existing transportation assets to ensure the long-term viability of investments, reduce ongoing costs, and promote safe conditions. T10.8 Prepare a six-year Capital Improvement Program (CIP) with projects and programs that are fully or partially funded. T10.9 Develop prioritized lists of projects, consistent with City policies, and actively pursue funds to implement those projects. TG8 Maintain and renew existing transportation assets to ensure the long-term viability of investments, reduce ongoing costs, and promote safe conditions. • Prepare a six-year CIP that includes projects that are fully or partially funded; • Prepare an intermediate-range list of projects for which the City plans to actively pursue funds over the next approximately eight to ten years; and • Maintain a long-range working list of potential projects and known needs. T75 If the level of transportation funding anticipated in the sixyear financial analysis below (Figure 1), falls short, the Department of Finance and the Seattle Department of Transportation will: • Identify and evaluate possible additional funding resources; 182 See also Figures 9 and 10 at the end of the crosswalk for this Element. T10.10 and/or • Identify and evaluate alternative land use and transportation scenarios, including assumptions about levels and distribution of population and employment, densities, types and mixes of land use, and transportation facilities and services, and assess their effects on transportation funding needs. Identify and evaluate possible additional funding resources and/or alternative land use and transportation scenarios if the level of transportation funding anticipated in the sixyear financial analysis (shown in Transportation Figures 9 and 10) falls short of the estimated amount. The City may then revise the Comprehensive Plan as warranted to ensure that levelof-service standards will be met. Transportation Figure 1 Mode-Share Targets for All Work Trips to Seattle and Its Urban Centers Percentage of work trips made by travel modes other than driving alone Area 2014 2035 Target Downtown 77% 85% First Hill/Capitol Hill 58% 70% Uptown 48% 60% South Lake Union 67% 80% University District 73% 85% Northgate 30% 50% Seattle 57% 65% Transportation Figure 2 Mode-Share Targets for Residents of Seattle and Its Urban Centers 183 Percentage of nonwork trips made using travel modes other than driving alone Area 2014 2035 Target Downtown 88% 90% First Hill/Capitol Hill 80% 85% Uptown 82% 85% South Lake Union 76% 85% University District 79% 90% Northgate 46% 55% Seattle 67% 75% Transportation Figure 3 Priorities for Right-of-Way “Flex Zone” by Predominant Use of Area Commercial/mixed-use areas Industrial areas Residential areas Modal plan priorities Modal plan priorities Modal plan priorities Access for commerce Access for commerce Access for people Access for people Access for people Access for commerce Activation Storage Greening Greening Activation Storage Storage Greening Activation Transportation Figure 9 Estimated Future Transportation Revenue Source Estimated Revenue in Millions (2016–2021) Low 184 High Seattle Transportation Benefit District Funding (vehicle license fee and sales tax) $300 $357 Seattle Dedicated Transportation Funding $833 $858 Grants and Partnerships $163 $640 General Fund and Cumulative Reserve Fund $305 $400 Seawall Levy and Waterfront Partnership $420 $475 Long-Term Financing $100 $145 Total $2,120 $2,875 Transportation Figure 10 Estimated Future Transportation Expenditures Category Estimated Expenditures in Millions (2016–2021) Low High Operations and Maintenance $406 $430 Major Maintenance and Safety $750 $844 Mobility and Enhancements $964 $1,601 Total $2,120 $2,875 185 Housing Element Current Current Language New # New Language HG1 HG2 Help meet current and projected regional housing needs of all economic and demographic groups by increasing Seattle’s housing supply. Strive to add or preserve fifty thousand housing units by 2025, including twenty thousand rent/income-restricted housing units. HG1 Help all people have fair and equal access to housing in Seattle. H1.1 Help create a culture where everyone understands and respects the fair-housing rights protected by federal, state, and local laws. H5.17 Consider implementing a broad array of affordable housing strategies in connection with new development, including but not limited to development regulations, inclusionary zoning, incentives, property tax exemptions, and permit fee reductions. H5.21 Implement strategies and programs to help ensure a range of housing opportunities affordable for Seattle’s workforce. H5.19 Consider implementing programs that require affordable housing with new development, with or without Accommodate 70,000 additional housing units, including Seattle’s share of the countywide need for affordable housing, consistent with the Countywide Planning Policies, over the 20 years covered by this Plan. 186 Notes rezones or changes to development standards that increase development capacity. H5.20 Consider requiring provision for housing, including rent/income-restricted housing, as part of major institution master plans and development agreements when such plans would lead to housing demolition or employment growth. H5.24 Support programs that enable Seattle’s lower-income homeowners to remain safely and affordably housed. H5.25 Support financially sustainable strategies to provide homeownership opportunities for low-, moderate-, and middleincome households, especially for families with children, in part to enable these households to have a path toward wealth accumulation. HG2 Maintain housing affordability over the life of this Plan. HG5 Make it possible for households of all income levels to live affordably in Seattle, and reduce over time the unmet housing needs of lower-income households in Seattle. HG2.5 Seek to reduce involuntary housing cost burden for households by supporting the creation and preservation of affordable housing. H5.14 Seek to reduce cost burdens among Seattle households, especially lower-income households and households of color. HG3 Achieve greater predictability in project approval timelines, H4.8 Explore ways to reduce 187 achievable densities and mitigation costs. H1 Coordinate the City’s growth management planning with other jurisdictions in the region in order to provide adequate regional development capacity to accommodate expected residential growth and anticipated demand for different types of housing. H2 Maintain sufficient zoned development capacity to accommodate Seattle’s projected share of King County household growth over the next 20 years as described in the Urban Village Element. H3 Take a leadership role in regional efforts to increase affordable housing preservation and production in order to ensure a balanced regional commitment to affordable housing, while also maintaining the City’s commitment to affordable housing. H4 Continue to permit residential development in all land use zones, but generally limit residential development in industrial zones and certain shoreline overlay zones; continue to encourage residential uses in mixed-use development in downtown and neighborhood commercial zones. H5 Provide for lower off-street parking requirements in locations where car ownership housing-development costs. H5.5 Collaborate with King County and other jurisdictions in efforts to prevent and end homelessness and focus those efforts on providing permanent housing and supportive services and on securing the resources to do so. HG5 Make it possible for households of all income levels to live affordably in Seattle, and reduce over time the unmet housing needs of lower-income households in Seattle. 188 rates are low for resident populations, to help reduce housing costs and increase affordability. H6 In order to control the effects of regulatory processes on housing price, strive to minimize the time taken to process land use and building permits, subject to the need to review projects in accordance with applicable regulations. Continue to give priority in the plan review process to permits for very low-income housing. H7 Periodically assess the effects of H4.8 City policies and regulations on housing development costs and overall housing affordability, considering the balance between housing affordability and other objectives such as environmental quality, urban design quality, maintenance of neighborhood character and protection of public health, safety and welfare. H8 Consider using programs that require or encourage public agencies, private property owners and developers to build housing that helps fulfill City policy objectives. H5.10 189 Explore ways to reduce housing-development costs. Encourage rental-housing owners to preserve, rehabilitate, or redevelop their properties in ways that limit housing displacement, maintain affordable, healthy, and safe living conditions for current residents, and consider cultural and economic needs of the surrounding neighborhood. H8.5 H9 Encourage a shared responsibility among the private and public sectors for addressing affordable housing needs. Promote housing preservation, development and affordability in coordination with the Seattle Transit Plan, particularly in proximity to light rail stations and other transit hubs. Coordinate housing, land use, human services, urban design, infrastructure and environmental strategies to support pedestrian-friendly communities that are wellserved by public transit. H5.19 Consider implementing programs that require affordable housing with new development, with or without rezones or changes to development standards that increase development capacity. H5.16 Encourage a shared responsibility between the private and public sectors for addressing affordable housing needs H2.2 Identify publicly owned sites suitable for housing, and prioritize use of sites, where appropriate, for rent/incomerestricted housing for lowerincome households. H5.16 Encourage a shared responsibility between the private and public sectors for addressing affordable housing needs H5.6 Increase housing choice and opportunity for extremely low- and very low-income households in part by funding rent/income-restricted housing throughout Seattle, especially in areas where there is a high risk of displacement. Also increase housing choice in areas where lower-cost housing is less available but where there is high-frequency transit service and other amenities, even if greater subsidies may be needed. 190 H9.5 When using federal, state, local, and private resources to preserve, rehabilitate or redevelop properties for affordable housing, consider access to transit service and estimated household transportation costs. H5.7 Consider that access to highfrequency transit may lower the combined housing and transportation costs for households when locating housing for lower-income households. H5.3 Promote housing affordable to lower-income households in locations that help increase access to education, employment, and social opportunities, while supporting a more inclusive city and reducing displacement from Seattle neighborhoods or from the city as a whole. H5.6 Increase housing choice and opportunity for extremely low- and very low-income households in part by funding rent/income-restricted housing throughout Seattle, especially in areas where there is a high risk of displacement. Also increase housing choice in areas where lower-cost housing is less available but where there is high-frequency transit service and other amenities, even if greater subsidies may be needed. H5.7 Consider that access to highfrequency transit may lower the combined housing and transportation costs for households when locating housing for lower-income households. 191 HG4 Achieve a mix of housing types that are attractive and affordable to a diversity of ages, incomes, household types, household sizes, and cultural backgrounds. H1.2 Promote a diverse and inclusive city through housing programs that serve lowerincome households. HG3 Achieve a mix of housing types that provide opportunity and choice throughout Seattle for people of various ages, races, ethnicities, and cultural backgrounds and for a variety of household sizes, types, and incomes. HG5 Promote households with children and attract a greater share of the county’s families with children. H3.3 Encourage the development of family-sized housing affordable for households with a broad range of incomes in areas with access to amenities and services. HG6 Encourage and support accessible design and housing strategies that provide seniors the opportunity to remain in their own neighborhood as their housing needs change. H3.2 Allow and encourage housing for older adults and people with disabilities, including designs that allow for independent living, various degrees of assisted living, and/or skilled nursing care, in or near urban centers and urban villages where there is access to health care and other services and amenities. H4.4 Increase housing opportunities for older adults and people with disabilities by promoting universal design features for new and renovated housing. H3.1 Identify and implement strategies, including development standards and design guidelines reflecting unique characteristics of each HG7 Accommodate a variety of housing types that are attractive and affordable to potential home buyers. 192 neighborhood, to accommodate an array of housing designs that meet the needs of Seattle’s varied households. HG8 Strive to increase the rate of owner-occupancy of housing over time. HG9 Consider new ground-related housing such as townhouses and cottage housing as part of the City’s strategy for creating home ownership opportunities. HG10 Ensure that housing is safe and habitable. HG11 Strive for freedom of choice of housing type and neighborhood for all, regardless of race, color, age, gender, marital status, parental status, sexual orientation, political ideology, creed, religion, ancestry, national origin or the presence of any sensory, mental or physical disability. HG4 Achieve healthy, safe, and environmentally sustainable housing that is adaptable to changing demographic conditions. H4.7 Promote housing for all Seattle residents that is safe and free from environmental and health hazards. H4.3 Consider providing assistance for seismic retrofit of residential buildings, particularly those occupied by lower-income households, to reduce the risk of displacement after an earthquake. H1.3 Encourage actions, such as affirmative marketing and fair-housing education and enforcement, to overcome historical patterns of segregation, promote fairhousing choices, and foster inclusive communities that are free from discrimination. 193 H1.5 Identify and remove, in coordination with other jurisdictions in the region, potential barriers to stable housing for individuals and families, such as housing screening practices that do not align with all applicable federal, state, and local laws in their use of criminal and civil records and that perpetuate disparate impacts of our criminal justice system and other institutions. HG11.5 Implement strategies and programs to help ensure a range of housing opportunities affordable to those who work in Seattle. HG5 Make it possible for households of all income levels to live affordably in Seattle, and reduce over time the unmet housing needs of lower-income households in Seattle. H10 Reflect anticipated consumer preferences and housing demand of different submarkets in the mix of housing types and densities permitted under the City’s Land Use Code. Encourage a range of housing types including, but not limited to: single-family housing; groundrelated housing to provide an affordable alternative to singlefamily ownership; and moderate- and high-density multifamily apartments, which are needed to accommodate most of the growth over the 20year life of this Plan. H3.1 Identify and implement strategies, including development standards and design guidelines reflecting unique characteristics of each neighborhood, to accommodate an array of housing designs that meet the needs of Seattle’s varied households. H3.3 Encourage the development of family-sized housing affordable for households with a broad range of incomes in areas with access to amenities and services. 194 H11 Strive to make the environment, amenities and housing attributes in urban villages attractive to all income groups, ages and households types. H12 Provide affordable housing tools to preserve existing single-family character, while also contributing to the provision of affordable housing. H13 Accommodate and encourage, where appropriate, the development of ground-related housing in the city that is attractive and affordable to households with children. H14 Strive to have each hub urban village and residential urban village include some ground- H3.5 Allow additional housing types in areas that are currently zoned for singlefamily development inside urban villages; respect general height and bulk development limits currently allowed while giving households access to transit hubs and the diversity of goods and services that those areas provide. H5.6 Increase housing choice and opportunity for extremely low- and very low-income households in part by funding rent/income-restricted housing throughout Seattle, especially in areas where there is a high risk of displacement. Also increase housing choice in areas where lower-cost housing is less available but where there is high-frequency transit service and other amenities, even if greater subsidies may be needed. 195 related housing capacity. H15 Allow and encourage a range of housing types for seniors, such as independent living, various degrees of assisted living, and skilled nursing care facilities. Strive to increase opportunities for seniors to live in accessible housing with services nearby. H16 Encourage greater ethnic and economic integration of neighborhoods in the city in a manner that does not promote the displacement of existing lowincome residents from their communities. Strive to allocate housing subsidy resources in a manner that increases opportunities for low-income households, including ethnic minorities, to choose among neighborhoods throughout the city. H1.4 Remove barriers that prevent lower-income households from using rental assistance from being able to afford rent market-rate units rent in neighborhoods throughout Seattle, particularly in areas with frequent transit, schools, parks, and other amenities H5.6 Increase housing choice and opportunity for extremely low- and very low-income households in part by funding rent/income-restricted housing throughout Seattle, especially in areas where there is a high risk of displacement. Also increase housing choice in areas where lower-cost housing is less available but where there is high-frequency transit service and other amenities, even if greater subsidies may be needed. H5.3 Promote housing affordable to lower-income households in locations that help increase access to education, employment, and social opportunities, while supporting a more inclusive city and reducing 196 displacement from Seattle neighborhoods or from the city as a whole. H17 Encourage the Seattle Housing Authority (SHA) to seek federal, state and private resources to continue preserving, rehabilitating or redeveloping its properties in a manner that best serves the needs of Seattle’s low-income population, addresses social and economic H5.9 Use strategies that will reduce the potential for displacement of marginalized populations when making decisions related to funding or locating rent/income-restricted housing. H5.14 Seek to reduce cost burdens among Seattle households, especially lower-income households and households of color. H1.5 Identify and remove, in coordination with other jurisdictions in the region, potential barriers to stable housing for individuals and families, such as housing screening practices that do not align with all applicable federal, state, and local laws in their use of criminal and civil records and that perpetuate disparate impacts of our criminal justice system and other institutions. H5.2 Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. 197 impacts on surrounding neighborhoods, and results in no net loss of housing affordable to households earning up to 30 percent of area median income. H5.8 Strive for no net loss of rent/income-restricted housing citywide. H5.15 Encourage and advocate for new federal, state, and county laws, regulations, programs, and incentives that would increase the production and preservation of lower-income housing. H18 Promote methods of more efficiently using or adapting the city’s housing stock to enable changing households to remain in the same home or neighborhood for many years. Strategies may include sharing homes, allowing attached and detached accessory units in single-family zones, encouraging housing designs that are easily augmented to accommodate children (“grow houses”), or other methods considered through neighborhood planning. H19 Allow the use of modular H3.4 housing, conforming to the standards of the State of Washington building and energy codes, and manufactured housing, built to standards established by the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development. Modular and manufactured houses shall be permitted on individual lots in any land use zone where residential uses are permitted. 198 Promote use of customizable modular designs and other flexible housing concepts to allow for households’ changing needs, including in areas zoned for single-family use. H20 Promote and foster, where appropriate, innovative and nontraditional housing types such as co-housing, live/work housing and attached and detached accessory dwelling units, as alternative means of accommodating residential growth and providing affordable housing options. H21 Allow higher residential development densities in moderate density multifamily zones for housing limited to occupancy by low-income elderly and disabled households, because of the lower traffic and parking impacts this type of housing generates. H22 Work with financial institutions and the Washington State Housing Finance Commission, and others to overcome barriers in the real estate finance process that inhibit the development of affordable single-family houses and condominium projects. H23 Encourage employers located within the city to develop employer-assisted housing programs. H2.1 Allow and promote innovative and non-traditional housing design and construction types to accommodate residential growth. H4.2 Encourage innovation in residential design, construction, and technology, and implement regulations to conserve water, energy, and materials; reduce greenhouse gas emissions; and otherwise limit environmental and health impacts. H5.23 Continue to promote best practices in use of green building materials, sustainability, and resiliency in policies for rent/incomerestricted housing. H5.22 Encourage major employers to fund local and regional affordable housing for lowerincome, moderate-income, 199 and middle-income households. H24 Encourage safe and healthy housing free of known hazardous conditions. Require that renter-occupied housing be maintained and operated according to minimum standards established in the Seattle Housing and Building Maintenance Code and other applicable codes. Actively encourage compliance with the codes and seek to inspect on a regular basis multifamily rental structures most likely to have code violations. HG4 Achieve healthy, safe, and environmentally sustainable housing that is adaptable to changing demographic conditions. H4.1 Provide programs, regulations, and enforcement to help ensure that all housing is healthy and safe and meets basic housing-maintenance requirements. H4.7 Promote housing for all Seattle residents that is safe and free from environmental and health hazards. HG14 Preserve existing low-income housing, particularly in urban centers and urban villages where most redevelopment pressure will occur. H5.2 Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. HG15 Disperse housing opportunities for low-income households throughout the city and throughout King County to support inclusion and opportunity. H5.2 Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. HG16 Achieve a distribution of household incomes in urban centers and urban villages similar to the distribution of 200 incomes found citywide. HG17 H25 Encourage safe, habitable and affordable housing for existing residents of distressed areas through such means as rehabilitation and adequate maintenance of privately-owned rental housing, increased home ownership opportunities, and community revitalization and development efforts. HG4 Achieve healthy, safe, and environmentally sustainable housing that is adaptable to changing demographic conditions. H5.10 Encourage rental-housing owners to preserve, rehabilitate, or redevelop their properties in ways that limit housing displacement, maintain affordable, healthy, and safe living conditions for current residents, and consider cultural and economic needs of the surrounding neighborhood. Support programs that provide financial assistance to lowincome homeowners and owners of low-income rental properties to maintain their properties in adequate condition. For instance, allocate weatherization resources to achieve energy cost savings for low-income households in owner- and renter-occupied units. H5.2 Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. H5.10 Encourage rental-housing owners to preserve, rehabilitate, or redevelop their properties in ways that limit housing displacement, maintain affordable, healthy, and safe living conditions for current residents, and consider cultural and economic needs of the surrounding neighborhood. 201 H5.12 Require advance notice to all tenants and payment of relocation assistance to tenants with household incomes below established thresholds before issuing permits for housing demolition, change of use, or substantial rehabilitation or before removing use restrictions from rent/income-restricted housing. H26 Encourage the development of housing in ways that protect the natural environment, including environmentally critical areas, and that promote energy conservation. H27 Encourage the adaptive reuse of existing buildings for residential use. Recognize the challenges faced in reusing older buildings and consider, when revising technical codes, ways to make adaptive reuse more economically feasible. H2.3 Consider Land Use Code and Building Code regulations that allow for flexible reuse of existing structures in order to maintain or increase housing supply, while maintaining lifesafety standards. H28 Seek opportunities to combine housing preservation and development efforts with historic preservation by either preserving residential structures of historic value or rehabilitating and reusing vacant landmark structures and vacant structures in landmark and/or special review districts for housing. Consider landmark preservation as a factor in evaluating lowincome housing project proposals for funding. H2.4 Encourage use of vacant or underdeveloped land for housing and mixed-use development, and promote turning vacant housing back into safe places to live. H4.5 Promote opportunities to combine housing and historic preservation efforts by rehabilitating structures of historic value for residential use. 202 H29 Encourage the replacement of occupied housing that is demolished or converted to nonresidential use. H2.5 Encourage the replacement of housing that is demolished or converted to nonresidential or higher-cost residential use. H29.2 Consider using substantive authority available through the State Environmental Policy Act to require that new development mitigate adverse impacts on housing affordable to low-income households. H5.18 Consider using substantive authority available through the State Environmental Policy Act to require that new development mitigate adverse impacts on housing affordable for lower-income households. H29.4 Consider requiring that new development provide housing affordable to low-income households. Consider adopting such an approach either with or without rezones or changes in development standards that increase development capacity. H5.2 Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. H29.6 Consider implementing programs to preserve or enhance currently affordable housing in order to retain opportunities for low-income households to live in Seattle. H5.2 Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. H29.8 Recognize that the provision of housing affordable to lowincome households can help provide low-income households with access to education, employment, and social opportunities; support the creation of a more inclusive city; and reduce displacement of households from their neighborhoods or the city as a whole. H1.2 Promote a diverse and inclusive city through housing programs that serve lowerincome households. H5.3 Promote housing affordable to lower-income households in locations that help increase access to education, employment, and social opportunities, while 203 supporting a more inclusive city and reducing displacement from Seattle neighborhoods or from the city as a whole. H30 Consider using incentive programs to encourage the production and preservation of low-income housing. H31 Encourage the preservation of existing low-income housing by: using housing programs and funds to preserve existing housing that is susceptible to redevelopment or gentrification; encouraging acquisition of housing by nonprofit organizations, land trusts or tenants, thereby protecting housing from upward pressure on prices and rents; inspecting renter-occupied housing for compliance with the Seattle Housing and Building Maintenance Code; and making available funds for emergency, code-related repair. H32 Give special consideration to actions that can help maintain the affordability of housing occupied by artists in areas that are recognized as established H5.2 Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. H5.14 Seek to reduce cost burdens among Seattle households, especially lower-income households and households of color. H5.2 Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. 204 artist communities, such as Pioneer Square. H33 Encourage affordable housing citywide. H3.5 Allow additional housing types in areas that are currently zoned for singlefamily development inside urban villages; respect general height and bulk development limits currently allowed while giving households access to transit hubs and the diversity of goods and services that those areas provide. HG5 Make it possible for households of all income levels to live affordably in Seattle, and reduce over time the unmet housing needs of lower-income households in Seattle. H5.2 Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income a. Plan for at least one-quarter of the housing stock in the city to be affordable to households with incomes up to 50 percent of the area median income, regardless of whether this housing is publicly assisted or available in the private market. b. Encourage the use of public subsidy funds for the production or preservation of low-income housing in urban centers and urban villages. c. Encourage the production of housing affordable to households of all incomes, with particular emphasis on households with incomes up to 50 percent of the area median income in centers and villages with high land values and/or relatively little existing rental housing affordable to households in that income range. d. Encourage all neighborhoods and urban villages to participate in the City’s commitment to affordable housing, whether through neighborhood planning, station area planning, or other local planning and development activities. H34 Strive to make some resources available to all household types (such as families and singleperson households) in need of 205 affordable housing options through the mix of housing programs in the city; however, emphasize assisting households most in need due to very lowincomes or to special needs that the housing market is unable to serve. Direct affordable housing funds administered by the City to serve households with incomes up to 80 percent of the area median income, consistent with local, state and federal law and program requirements. H35 households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. Promote a broader geographical distribution of subsidized rental housing by generally funding projects in areas with less subsidized rental housing and generally restricting funding for projects in neighborhoods outside of downtown where there are high concentrations of subsidized rental housing. a. The specific rules implementing this policy and the conditions for allowing exceptions for particular projects are established by the City Council in the HUD Consolidated Plan and other City policies. The HUD Consolidated Plan may also include additional geographicspecific restrictions on, or exceptions for, subsidized rental housing in order to further housing goals as defined in this Comprehensive Plan or neighborhood plan. b. Encourage developers of projects funded with resources not administered by the City of 206 Seattle and the providers of those resources to follow the City’s policies for the geographic distribution of subsidized rental housing. H36 Require sponsors of City-funded subsidized rental housing projects and encourage sponsors of non-City-funded subsidized rental housing projects to use the City’s good neighbor guidelines. This should encourage cooperative problem solving as early as possible in the process of developing subsidized rental housing, in order to identify and, where appropriate, respond to neighborhood concerns. H5.13 Require culturally sensitive communication with the neighbors of proposed rent/income-restricted housing for extremely lowand very low-income households, with the goal of furthering fair housing. H37 Allocate public funds administered by the City to develop and preserve affordable rental housing for low-income, very low-income, and extremely low-income households in conformity with applicable income limits in City ordinances that govern the use of each fund source. H5.2 Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. H38 Seek to promote home ownership in the city in a variety of housing types by: H5.2 Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. a. Using a portion of local discretionary housing subsidy resources to provide home ownership opportunities to lowincome households, in conformity with applicable income limits in City ordinances that govern the use of each fund source. 207 b. Consider alternative approaches to increase the development of affordable home ownership housing, including but not limited to greater use of land trusts and limited equity cooperatives. H39 Strive over time for a permanent subsidized rental housing stock with unit types and sizes that reflect the housing needs of the city’s low-income households. H40 Provide affordable housing for low-income families with children, recognizing that family housing requires greater subsidies due to larger household size, the need for play areas for children, and separation of parking and access roads from play areas. H41 Encourage and support the development of affordable housing for low-income households in all parts of the city, including areas of high land cost where greater subsidies may be needed. H5.2 Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. H42 Allow use of public funds to provide subsidized low-income housing units in otherwise market-rate housing developments in order to better integrate low-income households into the community. H5.2 Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. H43 Allocate resources for financial assistance to eligible tenants H4.3 Consider providing assistance for seismic retrofit of 208 with incomes up to 50 percent of median income who are displaced from existing lowincome housing because of redevelopment, substantial rehabilitation, change-of-use or termination of long-term, lowincome rent restrictions in order to help offset the cost of relocating to another unit consistent with applicable state laws. H44 Pursue a comprehensive approach of prevention, transition, and stabilization services to decrease potential homelessness, stop recurring homelessness, and promote long-term self-sufficiency. a. Encourage efforts to expand the supply of extremely lowincome, permanent housing to meet the needs of those for whom the cost of housing is a chief cause of homelessness. residential buildings, particularly those occupied by lower-income households, to reduce the risk of displacement after an earthquake. H5.1 Pursue public and private funding sources for housing preservation and production to provide housing opportunities for lower-wage workers, people with special needs, and those who are homeless or at risk of being homeless. H5.2 Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. H5.12 Require advance notice to all tenants and payment of relocation assistance to tenants with household b. Strive to develop a continuum of housing opportunities, ranging from emergency shelters to transitional housing to permanent housing, in order to assist homeless households regain and maintain stable, permanent housing. c. Strategically invest in emergency and transitional housing for specific homeless populations. H45 In recognition of the fact that for certain people housing support services can mean the difference between housing stability and 209 homelessness, coordinate housing planning and funding, where appropriate, with the following types of housing support services: incomes below established thresholds before issuing permits for housing demolition, change of use, or substantial rehabilitation or before removing use restrictions from rent/income-restricted housing. • Services that respond to emergency needs of the homeless (such as emergency shelters). • Services that assist clients to secure housing (such as rent and security deposit assistance, housing relocation assistance). • Services that help clients to maintain permanent housing (such as landlord/ tenant counseling, chore services, inhome health care, outpatient mental health treatment, employment counseling and placement assistance). H46 Work in partnership among H5.1 various levels of government and with other public agencies to address homeless and lowincome housing needs that transcend jurisdictional boundaries. a. Work with the federal and state governments to increase 210 Pursue public and private funding sources for housing preservation and production to provide housing opportunities for lower-wage workers, people with special needs, and those who are homeless or at risk of being homeless. public support for housing. H5.2 b. Work with the Seattle Housing Authority to address the lowincome housing needs of Seattle residents. c. Work with other jurisdictions in King County to pursue production of assisted lowincome housing throughout the region and an equitable distribution of the cost of H5.2 providing housing and human services to very-low-income households, including the regional problem of homelessness. Pursue the development of new funding sources, including a regional housing levy or other sources of funding for low-income housing and related supportive services that may be used throughout the H5.5 region. d. Continue providing local resources (such as levies, bond issues, and the City’s general fund) to meet housing needs, leveraging funds from other sources where appropriate. e. Continue to lobby the state government to enact tax incentives and to increase housing funds to encourage the preservation of existing lowincome housing. H49 Strive to leverage federal, state, and private resources with local public funds, where these resources help achieve the goals of Seattle’s Comprehensive Plan. 211 Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. Expand programs that preserve or produce affordable housing, preferably long term, for lower-income households, and continue to prioritize efforts that address the needs of Seattle’s extremely low-income households. Collaborate with King County and other jurisdictions in efforts to prevent and end homelessness and focus those efforts on providing permanent housing and supportive services and on securing the resources to do so. H48 Among its other purposes, the City’s Consolidated Plan shall serve as an ongoing, annually updated, coordinated compilation of information for the public regarding housing policies, strategies, programs, and resource allocation. Housing portions of the Consolidated Plan constitute a functional plan to implement housing-related goals and policies in this Comprehensive Plan. H4.6 Promote access to public decision-making about housing and the same degree of protection from environmental and health hazards and for all Seattleites. H5.4 Monitor regularly the supply, diversity, and affordability of housing for households by income level, and use this information to help evaluate whether changes to housing strategies and policies are needed to encourage more affordable housing or to advance racial and social equity. 212 Capital Facilities Element Current Current Language New # New Language CFG1 Provide capital facilities that will serve the most pressing needs of the greatest number of Seattle citizens, and that will enable the City to deliver services efficiently to its constituents. CFG1 Develop and manage capital facilities to provide long-term environmental, economic, social, and health benefits for all residents and communities when using public investments, land, and facilities. CFG2 Preserve the physical integrity of the City’s valuable capital assets and gradually reduce the major maintenance backlog. CFG3 Make capital investments consistent with the vision of the Comprehensive Plan, including the urban village strategy. CF 1.1 Assess the policy and fiscal implications of potential major capital facility investments as part of the City’s capital decision-making process. The evaluation should include consideration of a capital project’s • consistency with the Comprehensive Plan and functional plans; • effects on Seattle’s environmental, social, economic, and human health over the lifetime of the investment; • contributions to an equitable distribution of facilities and services; • ability to support urban centers and villages that are experiencing or expecting high levels of 213 Notes residential and employment growth; and • total costs of ownership over a project’s life, including construction, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning. CFG4 Site and design capital facilities so that they will be considered assets to the communities in which they are located. CF G.4 Design and construct capital facilities so that they are considered assets to their communities and act as models of environmental, economic, and social stewardship. CFG5 Provide capital facilities that will keep Seattle attractive to families with children. CF 1.4 Provide capital facilities, such as libraries and community centers, that will keep Seattle attractive to families with children CFG6 Encourage grass-root involvement in identifying desired capital projects for individual neighborhoods. CFG7 Encourage community input to the siting of public facilities. CFG8 Incorporate sustainability principles and practices including protection of historic resources, into the design, rehabilitation, and construction of City buildings and other types of capital facilities. CFG9 Encourage the protection of City-owned historic facilities when planning for alteration or maintenance of these facilities. Public engagement policies are now located in the Growth Strategy Element. CF 1.5 214 Encourage the protection, enhancement, and adaptive reuse of City-owned historic facilities. CF1 CF2 CF3 Plan capital investments strategically, in part by striving to give priority to areas experiencing or expecting the highest levels of residential and employment growth when making discretionary investments for new facilities. The City will use fiscal notes and policy analysis to assist in making informed capital investment choices to achieve the City’s long-term goals. CF 1.1 • consistency with the Comprehensive Plan and functional plans; • effects on Seattle’s environmental, social, economic, and human health over the lifetime of the investment; Assess policy and fiscal implications of potential major new and expanded capital facilities, as part of the City’s process for making capital investment choices. The assessment should apply standard criteria, including the consideration of issues such as a capital project’s consistency with the Comprehensive Plan and neighborhood plans, and its effects on Seattle’s quality of life, the environment, social equity, and economic opportunity. Emphasize the maintenance of existing facilities as a way to make efficient use of limited financial and physical resources. Assess the policy and fiscal implications of potential major capital facility investments as part of the City’s capital decision-making process. The evaluation should include consideration of a capital project’s • contributions to an equitable distribution of facilities and services; • ability to support urban centers and villages that are experiencing or expecting high levels of residential and employment growth; and • total costs of ownership over a project’s life, including construction, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning. CF 1.2 Prioritize the maintenance of existing facilities, making efficient use of limited financial and physical resources. CF 2.4 Manage existing facilities to maintain healthy environments for occupants and users. 215 CF4 Use maintenance plans for CF 2.1 capital facilities and a funding allocation plan for such maintenance, and revise these plans from time to time. In general, the City should not acquire or construct major new capital facilities unless the appropriation for the maintenance of existing facilities is consistent with the Strategic Capital Agenda. CF 3.5 CF5 Provide fiscal impact analyses of major capital projects considered for funding. Such analyses should include, but not be limited to, one-time capital costs, life-cycle operating and maintenance costs, revenues from the project, and costs of not doing the project. CF6 Make major project specific capital decisions by the Mayor and the Council through the adoption of the City’s operating and capital budgets, and the sixyear Capital Improvement Program (CIP). CF7 The City will consider capital improvements identified in neighborhood plans, in light of other facility commitments and the availability of funding and will consider voter-approved funding sources. CF8 Explore tools that encourage 216 Use maintenance plans for capital facilities to make efficient use of limited financial and physical resources. Encourage the joint use, reuse, and repurposing of existing City-owned land and buildings to further the City’s long-range goals. sufficient capital facilities and amenities to meet baseline goals for neighborhoods and to address needs resulting from growth. CF9 CF10 Encourage the location of new CFG3 community-based capital facilities, such as schools, libraries, neighborhood service centers, parks and playgrounds, community centers, clinics and human services facilities, in urban village areas. The City will consider providing capital facilities or amenities in urban CF3.1 villages as an incentive to attract both public and private investments to an area. Seek to locate capital facilities where they are accessible to a majority of their expected users by walking, bicycling, carpooling, and/or public transit. Locate capital facilities to achieve efficient citywide delivery of services, support an equitable distribution of services, minimize environmental impacts, and maximize facilities’ value to the communities in which they are located. Encourage the location of new capital facilities in urban centers and villages to support future growth and attract both public and private investments. CF3.2 Encourage the location of new capital facilities where they would support equitable distribution of services and address the needs of marginalized communities. New, emphasizing equity CF 3.7 Consider alternate service delivery models that may be more resource-efficient or that could better reach marginalized communities. New, emphasizing equity CF 3.3 Locate capital facilities so that the majority of expected users can reach them by walking, bicycling, and/or taking public transit. CF 4.6 Encourage a wide range of transportation options by promoting car sharing and by providing bicycle, transit, and 217 electric-car charging facilities for visitors to City facilities. CF11 Consider the recommendations from neighborhood plans in siting new or expanded facilities. The needs of facility users will also be considered in making these decisions. CF12 Encourage quality development by requiring major City-funded capital improvement projects or projects proposed on City property located within the City of Seattle to be subject to a design review process of the CF 4.5 Provide building-design strategies that promote active living through the placement and design of stairs, elevators, and indoor and outdoor spaces. CF 3.4 Seek to avoid siting new facilities in areas known to be prone to the effects of natural or human-made hazards, such as earthquake liquefaction– prone areas. CF 3.6 Consider future climate conditions during siting, particularly sea level, to help ensure capital facilities function as intended over their planned life cycle. CF 4.7 Consider future climate conditions during design, including changes in temperature, precipitation, and sea level, to help ensure capital facilities function as intended over their planned life cycle. 218 Seattle Design Commission. CF13 Work with other public and nonprofit entities toward coordinated capital investment planning, including coordinated debt financing strategies, to achieve the goals of Seattle’s Comprehensive Plan. CFG5 Make efficient use of resources when investing in facilities and service delivery that involve other agencies and organizations. CF14 Work with other public and nonprofit entities to include urban village location as a major criterion for selecting sites for new or expanded communitybased facilities or public amenities. CF 5.1 Collaborate with other public and nonprofit organizations to include location within urban villages as a major criterion for selecting sites for new or expanded community-based facilities or public amenities. CF15 Work with the School District to encourage siting, renovation, and expansion of school facilities in areas that are best equipped to accommodate growth. CF 5.3 Partner with Seattle Public Schools to plan for expected growth in student population, encourage the siting of new school facilities in or near urban centers and villages, and make it easy for students and families to walk and bike to school. CF16 Work with other public or nonprofit agencies to identify and pursue new co-location and joint-use opportunities for the community’s use of public facilities for programs, services, and community meetings. CF 5.2 Work with other public or nonprofit agencies to identify and pursue new colocation and joint-use opportunities in public facilities for community programs, services, and meetings. CF17 The City will work with other jurisdictions in King, Snohomish, and Pierce Counties to explore regional funding strategies for capital facilities, particularly for those that serve or benefit citizens throughout the region. CF 5.4 Join with other jurisdictions in King, Snohomish, and Pierce Counties to explore regional funding strategies for capital facilities, especially those that serve or benefit citizens throughout the region. 219 CF18 Assess the sustainability of choices in developing capital projects, including finance, planning, design, construction, management, renovation, maintenance and decommissioning. CF 2.2 Manage existing facilities with a resource-conservation approach and the specific aim of continuously reducing energy use, water use, and stormwater impacts, as well as lowering utility costs. CF 2.3 Seek to achieve 20 percent energy savings from a 2008 baseline across the City’s portfolio of buildings by 2020 and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. CF 1.6 Develop resilient capital facilities by considering the potential impacts of changing demographics, conditions, and events—such as climate change, technological changes, and natural and human-made disasters—in planning and investment decisions. CF1.7 Structure user fees and scholarships to mitigate disproportionate cost burdens on low-income households. New, emphasizing equity CF 1.8 Leverage investments to create training and living wage job opportunities, particularly for marginalized populations and local residents. New, emphasizing equity CF 4.1 Seek to make all capital facilities accessible and relevant to people of all abilities, socioeconomic backgrounds, ages, and cultures. New, emphasizing equity CF 1.9 Continue to invest in Seattle Public Library programs and resources so that they remain 220 free and open to all. CF19 Consider environmental health in capital facilities development, including efficient use of energy, water, and materials; waste reduction; protection of environmental quality; and ecologically sensitive site selection and development. CF1.3 Provide capital facilities that are models of environmental, economic, and social stewardship and that serve as examples for private development. CFG2 Reduce ongoing resource consumption and day-to-day costs of the City’s capital facilities, and protect their long-term viability, while serving the needs of the people that use them. CF 4.2 Strive for high levels of energy and water efficiency in Cityowned facilities. CF 4.3 Use materials efficiently, prioritize local and environmentally preferable products, and minimize waste. CF20 Strive to ensure beneficial indoor environmental quality to increase the health, welfare and productivity of occupants in renovations and new construction of City-owned facilities and promote designs that enhance beneficial indoor environmental quality in private construction. CF 4.4 Create healthy indoor and outdoor environments for both users and occupants. CF21 Consider social health effects in capital facilities development, including protection of worker health, improved indoor environmental quality, protection of historic resources, and access to alternative transportation modes (e.g. CF 1.3 Provide capital facilities that are models of environmental, economic, and social stewardship and that serve as examples for private development. 221 public transit, bicycling, walking, etc.) and social services. CF22 Consider economic health in capital facilities development, including purchase of products and services from locally owned businesses and support for local manufacture of sustainable products. CF 5.5 CF23 Consider life-cycle cost analysis as a method to better understand the relative costs and benefits of City buildings and capital facilities. CF24 Encourage the public and private-sector use of third-party sustainable building rating and certification systems, such as the Master Builder Association’s BuiltGreen system and the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) system. 222 Use nontraditional strategies for service delivery, such as the leasing of City-owned buildings or funding of nonCity facilities, where they would provide greater benefit to the city. Utilities Element Current Current Language UG1 New # Provide reliable service at lowest UG1 cost consistent with the City’s aims of environmental stewardship, social equity, economic development, and the protection of public health. New Language Provide safe, reliable, and affordable utility services that are consistent with the City’s aims of environmental stewardship, race and social equity, economic opportunity, and the protection of public health. U 1.1 Provide equitable levels of service by accounting for existing community conditions, considering how decisions will impact varied geographic and socioeconomic groups, and making service equity a criteria in decision-making. U 1.3 Strive to develop a resilient utility system where planning and investment decisions account for changing conditions, such as climate change, technological changes, increased solar energy generation, and natural disasters. U 1.4 Support innovative approaches to service delivery, such as the development of distributed systems or joint ventures by City and non-City utilities, where they could further overall goals for utilities. U 1.5 Ensure that new private development provides adequate investments to maintain established utility 223 Notes service standards. U 1.6 Make utility services as affordable as possible through equitable delivery of utility discount programs and incentives. U 1.7 Leverage investments and agreements with private utilities and vendors to create training and living wage job opportunities, particularly for low-income and local residents. U 1.8 Support asset-management programs for the renewal and replacement of utility infrastructure. UG 2 Conserve potable water, electricity, and material resources through the actions of the utilities and their customers. UG2 Maintain the service reliability of UG1 the City’s utility infrastructure. Provide safe, reliable, and affordable utility services that are consistent with the City’s aims of environmental stewardship, race and social equity, economic opportunity, and the protection of public health. UG3 Maximize the efficient use of resources by utility customers. U 2.1 224 Use cost-effective demand management to meet the City’s utility resource needs, and support such practices by wholesale customers of City utilities. UG 3 Site and design facilities so that they help to efficiently and equitably provide services to all Seattleites and provide value to the communities where they are located. U 3.2 Discourage siting and design alternatives that may increase negative impacts, such as traffic, noise, and pollution, particularly on communities that already bear a disproportionate amount of these impacts. U 3.3 Apply consistent and equitable New, emphasizing equity standards for the provision of community and customer amenities when they are needed to offset the impact of construction projects, ongoing operations, and facility maintenance practices. U 3.4 Apply consistent and equitable New, emphasizing equity standards for the provision of community and customer amenities when they are needed to offset the impact of construction projects, ongoing operations, and facility maintenance practices. U 3.5 Consider opportunities for colocating facilities, allowing mixed-use development, or creating accessible open space when siting and designing utility facilities, provided doing 225 so would still allow for safe and secure utility operations. UG4 UG5 Minimize the cost and public inconvenience of road and rightof-way trenching activities. U 3.6 Consider future climate conditions during siting and design, including changes to temperature, rainfall, and sea level, to help ensure capital facilities function properly as intended over their planned life cycle. U 3.6 Consider the disproportionate impacts of climate change on communities of color and lower-income communities when prioritizing projects. UG 4 Coordinate right-of-way activities among departments to meet transmission, distribution, and conveyance goals; to minimize the costs of infrastructure investment and maintenance; to manage stormwater; and to support other uses such as transportation, trees, and public space. U 5.2 Support competition among private providers by giving equitable access to the rightof-way for all data and telecommunications service providers to reach their customers. Operate City utilities consistent with regional growth plans. 226 New, emphasizing equity UG6 Achieve universal access to state-of-the-art technology and telecommunication services. U 5.3 Encourage improvements in the communications system to achieve the following: -Universal and affordable access for residents, businesses, and institutions within Seattle, particularly for marginalized populations -Customer options and competitive pricing -Consumer privacy, system security, and reliability -State-of-the-art services U1 Continue to provide service to UG1 existing and new customers in all areas of the city, consistent with the legal obligation of City utilities to provide service. U2 Consider financial mechanisms to recover from new growth, the costs of new City utility facilities and, where appropriate, new utility resources necessitated by such service. U3 Maintain the reliability of the City’s utility infrastructure as the first priority for utility capital expenditures. U4 Continue to provide for critical maintenance of and remedying existing deficiencies in City utility capital facilities. Provide safe, reliable, and affordable utility services that are consistent with the City’s aims of environmental stewardship, race and social equity, economic opportunity, and the protection of public health. 227 U5 Coordinate City utility capital expenditure planning with capital investment planning by other City departments. U1.2 Coordinate planning, programs, and projects for City utilities with those of other City departments to lower costs, improve outcomes, and limit construction and operational impacts. U6 Consider the operation and maintenance costs of new City utility facilities in developing such facilities. U 3.1 Consider and budget for the potential operation and maintenance costs of new facilities when developing them. U7 Promote environmental UG3 stewardship in meeting City utility service needs and the efficient use of water and energy resources by utility customers through education, technical assistance and U 2.2 financial incentives. U 2.3 U 2.4 U8 Use cost-effective demand-side management to meet City utility resource needs and support such practices by wholesale 228 Site and design facilities so that they help to efficiently and equitably provide services to all Seattleites and provide value to the communities where they are located. Consider short-term and longterm environmental and social impacts related to acquiring and using natural resources. Remain carbon neutral in the generation of electricity by relying first on energy efficiency, second on renewable resources, and third, when fossil fuel use is necessary, on offsetting the release of greenhouse gases. Strive to be carbon neutral in the delivery of drinking water, drainage, sewer, and solid waste services. customers of City utilities. U9 Consider short-term and longterm external environmental impacts and costs in the acquisition of new resources. U10 In meeting the demand for electric power, strive for no net increase in City contributions to greenhouse gas emissions by relying first on energy efficiency, second on renewable resources, and, when fossil fuel use is necessary, taking actions that offset the release of greenhouse gases such as planting trees or using alternative fuel vehicles. U11 Encourage waste reduction and U 2.5 cost-effective reuse and recycling by residents, businesses and City employees through education, incentives and increased availability of recycling options. U12 Pursue the long-term goal of diverting 100% of the city’s solid waste from disposal by maximizing recycling, reducing consumption, preventing food waste, and promoting products that are made to be reused, repaired or recycled back into nature or the marketplace. U12.5 Encourage residents to reduce food waste as a strategy to decrease utility expenses as well as to reduce fertilizer and pesticide use and greenhouse gas emissions. 229 Pursue the long-term goal of diverting most of the city’s solid waste away from landfills by increasing recycling, reducing consumption, and promoting products that are made to be reused, repaired, or recycled back into nature or the marketplace. U13 Work regionally to improve programs and management strategies designed to prevent and reduce contamination of street runoff and storm water from all sources. U14 Provide information to businesses and the community about the importance and methods of controlling the release of contaminants into storm drains. U15 Strive to correct instances of U 2.6 combined sewer overflows by prioritizing remedial action according to the frequency and volume of the overflows and the sensitivity of the locations where the overflows occur. U16 Work cooperatively with King County to identify and expeditiously address combined sewer overflows for which the County maintains responsibility. U17 Coordinate with state and federal agencies to reduce illegal discharges into water by both permitted and non-permitted sources. U18 Work with neighborhood and community representatives in siting utility facilities. U19 Continue to subject all abovegrade City utility capital improvement projects to review by the Seattle Design Commission. 230 Prevent pollutants and high water flows from damaging aquatic systems by preserving native vegetation, limiting impervious surfaces and stormwater runoff, reducing contamination of street runoff and stormwater, addressing combined sewer overflows, and minimizing illegal discharges into water bodies. U20 Consider opportunities for incorporating accessible open space in the siting and design of City utility facilities. U21 Provide timely and effective notification to other interested utilities of planned road and right-of-way trenching, maintenance, and upgrade activities. U4.1 Engage departments in early coordination and collaboration on transportation and utility projects in the right-of-way to avoid space conflicts, identify joint project opportunities, and minimize life-cycle costs across all City departments. U 4.2 Work with non-City utilities to promote the City’s overall goals for utility service and coordinated construction within the right-of-way. UG 5 U 5.1 U22 Coordinate construction to limit cost and public inconvenience caused by road and right-of-way disruption. Promote the City’s goals of environmental stewardship, social equity, economic development, and the protection of public health in the operation of non-City utilities providing service in Seattle. 231 Provide affected non-City utilities with timely and effective notices of planned road and right-of-way trenching, maintenance, and upgrade activities. Economic Development Element Current Current Language New # New Language EDG1 Accommodate approximately 115,000 jobs in the city over the 20-year period covered by this Plan, in order to ensure long-term economic security and social equity to all Seattle residents. EDG2 Recognize that Seattle’s high quality of life is one of its competitive advantages and promote economic growth that maintains and enhances this quality of life. ED 2.5 Promote coordination of economic development and community development among City departments, as well as with all levels of government, the business community, and nonprofits, to strengthen industry clusters. EDG3 Support the Urban Village Strategy by encouraging the growth of jobs in Urban Centers and Hub Urban Villages and by promoting the health of neighborhood commercial districts. EDG1 Encourage vibrant commercial districts in urban centers and villages ED 1.2 EDG4 Accommodate a broad mix of jobs, while actively seeking a greater proportion of living wage jobs that will have greater benefits to a broad cross-section of the people of the City and region. EDG5 Encourage the growth of key ED G2 economic sectors that build on Seattle’s competitive advantages to provide sustained growth in the 232 Promote a comprehensive approach to strengthening neighborhood business districts through organization; marketing; business and retail development; and clean, safe, walkable, and attractive environments Enhance strategic industry clusters that build on Seattle’s competitive advantages. Notes future. EDG6 Develop a highly trained and well educated local work force that effectively competes for meaningful and productive employment, earns a living wage and meets the needs of business. EDG7 Foster a positive business climate in Seattle by ensuring adequate public services, infrastructure, and high-quality customer service. ED 3.5 Encourage a business climate that supports new investment and job creation and that values cultural diversity and inclusion. EDG8 Promote access to working capital and other forms of financial assistance, in order to build a stronger economic future for all Seattle citizens and to nurture entrepreneurship, innovation and business growth. ED 3.6 Address the needs of culturally relevant businesses most vulnerable to redevelopment pressure and displacement. EDG9 Maintain Seattle’s competitive advantage in international trade. ED 3.1 Promote the expansion of international trade within Seattle and throughout the region. EDG10 Recognize Seattle’s cultural resources including institutions, art organizations, traditions, historic resources and creative people as important contributors to the city’s economic vitality. EDG11 Support the retention and growth of the industrial sector, retain existing businesses and small firms, and actively seek to attract new industrial businesses. ED1 Strive to maintain the economic health and importance of ED 1.1 Enhance the downtown core as the economic center of the 233 downtown as the economic center of the city and the region and home to many of Seattle’s vital professional service firms, high technology companies, regional retail activity, as well as cultural, historic, entertainment, convention and tourist facilities. EDG1.5 Establish Seattle as a place where average wages are high and costs of living are reasonable so that the city can accommodate households at a wide range of income levels. ED2 Pursue opportunities for growth and strategic development, where appropriate, in urban centers and hub urban villages, which are planned for the greatest concentrations of jobs and job growth outside of downtown. ED3 Strive to provide a wide range of goods and services to residents and businesses in urban centers and villages by encouraging appropriate retail development in these areas. ED4 Use cultural resources, such as public art and historic resources, as a tool for stimulating economic development in Seattle’s neighborhoods, as these resources provide attractions that can draw people to and enhance public perception of an area. ED5 Use plans adopted for the manufacturing/ industrial centers to help guide investments and policy decisions that will continue city and the region, and strengthen its appeal as home to many of Seattle’s vital professional service firms, high technology companies, and regional retailers, as well as cultural, historic, entertainment, convention, and tourist facilities. 234 to support the retention and growth of industrial activities in these areas. Continue collaboration with both geographically-focused and citywide organizations representing industrial interests so that the needs and perspectives of this sector can be recognized and incorporated, as appropriate, into the City’s actions and decisions. ED6 Work with other levels of government and with the private sector to support and encourage the cleanup of contaminated soil and other environmental remediation associated with the reuse or expansion of industrial sites. ED7 Strive, through efforts with other public jurisdictions, to address the problems of site assembly, infrastructure improvements and traffic congestion which may inhibit industrial expansion in industrial areas. ED8 Strive to assist industrial firms in addressing capital needs through mechanisms such as the issuance of industrial development bonds or by expanding small business financing programs to assist manufacturers. ED9 Strive to address the special needs of areas in Seattle that historically have experienced less economic opportunity and that have high concentrations of people living in economic hardship. ED 1.3 Prioritize assistance to commercial districts in areas of lower economic opportunity. ED 2.4 Encourage industry clusters to have workforces that are representative of Seattle’s racial and socioeconomic a. Seek to provide resources to assist in planning for distressed 235 communities and assist low-income areas in developing and implementing economic development strategies. ED 3.6 b. Attempt to gain state and federal special area designations for lower-income Seattle communities where such designation can confer tangible benefits. c. Target programmatic resources, including small business capital access and entrepreneurship training programs, as well as new infrastructure investment toward the economic development objectives of distressed areas. d. Support the role of communitybased organizations in planning and implementing economic development activities in distressed communities. ED10 Encourage key sectors of Seattle’s economy that provide opportunities for long term growth. Criteria for identifying sectors to support include the following: • Pay higher-than-average wage levels; • Bring new capital into the economy, reflecting multiplier effects other than high wage; • Have reasonably good future growth prospects; • Involve a cluster of businesses engaging in similar activities; • Use quality environmental practices; or • Diversify the regional economic 236 groups. Address the needs of culturally relevant businesses most vulnerable to redevelopment pressure and displacement. base. ED11 Recognize the importance of tourism and its support of international trade as well as its contribution to the health of the Seattle retail core. Recognize the important contribution of historic districts such as Pioneer Square and the Pike Place Market to tourism, and support the continued protection and enhancement of these districts. Recognize the role of Seattle’s recreational boat industry in attracting tourists to visit and to extend their visits to the city. ED11.5 Recognize the value of the local food system in sustaining the local economy and seek ways to expand this benefit by supporting our capacity to grow, process, distribute, and access local foods. ED12 Seek ways to create a local business environment that promotes the establishment, retention, and expansion of hightechnology industries in the city. Where possible, look for opportunities to link these businesses to existing research institutions, hospitals, educational institutions and other technology businesses. ED13 Seek ways to assist clusters of related businesses in advanced manufacturing, information technology and biotechnology to collaborate more closely with one another and to market themselves ED 2.1 237 Improve linkages between industry clusters and research institutions, hospitals, educational institutions, and other technology-based businesses. as magnets for capital, research talent and high-skill jobs. ED14 Seek ways to support technology transfer and other efforts that increase the global competitiveness of Seattle’s exporters in advanced manufacturing, information technology, biotechnology and services in cooperation with other jurisdictions and with major education and research institutions. ED15 Preserve and support continued use of suitable shoreline areas for water-dependent and related businesses involved in ship-building and repair, fisheries, tug and barge, provisioning and the cruise-ship industries. ED16 Support national policies which stabilize maritime industries and promote their expansion. ED16.5 Support key sectors of Seattle’s economy to create jobs that pay wages that can support a family, provide necessary benefits, and contribute to the vitality of the City including, but not limited to, the industrial, manufacturing, service, hospitality and retail sectors. ED17 Work with the Seattle Public Schools to improve the quality of public education, identify opportunities to help implement the district’s strategic planning ED 2.3 ED 5.1 238 Improve the ability of industry clusters to transfer technology in cooperation with other jurisdictions and with major education and research institutions. Encourage institutions of higher education toward commercialization of research innovations to fuel the growth of start-ups. goals, and increase the likelihood that all young people will complete high school having achieved the competency needed to continue their education or enter the work force. ED18 Facilitate the creation of coalitions of business, labor, civic and educational institutions, including community colleges, to develop competency-based education and training programs for Seattle community members that are targeted to the needs of business. This may include vocational training programs, apprenticeship programs, entrepreneurial skills training, customized on-site training and technical and vocational preparatory programs at the high school level. ED19 Support employability development and entry-level and career employment efforts for lowincome youth and adults, people of color, women, individuals with disabilities and the homeless. ED20 Work with employers, nonprofits, educational institutions and social service agencies to create opportunities for people in training, retraining or working to meet their dependent care needs. ED21 Promote regional approaches to better link individuals in distressed communities with job resources and living-wage job opportunities in growing employment sectors (see policies related to Sectoral ED 4.1 239 Create a coalition of business, labor, civic and social service agencies, libraries, and educational institutions that can develop and expand education and training programs targeted to the needs of business, especially for high-demand science, technology, engineering, and mathematics skills. Strategies later in this element). ED22 Encourage the development of training programs for people currently employed so they may improve the skills they use in their current jobs or expand their skills into new arenas. ED23 Encourage and facilitate the development of programs for dislocated workers to assist in a successful transition to new jobs. ED24 Strive to increase access to literacy development and English-as-aSecond Language programs for those in need of assistance in overcoming literacy and language barriers to employability. ED25 Encourage educational and training institutions to provide education in foreign languages, geography and international affairs in order to enable people to better function in the international economy. ED26 Offer apprenticeship and other workplace learning opportunities in Seattle City government, with particular emphasis on providing access to low income youth and young adults from diverse cultures and races. ED26.2 Assist working families by increasing access to training and social service resources. ED27 Foster a positive entrepreneurial environment for business start-up and expansion and support the ED G5 240 Strengthen the entrepreneurial environment for start-ups and small retention of Seattle’s existing business and major institution base. ED28 Support the development of Seattle’s major public and nonprofit institutions because they contribute to a diversified economy, bring living wage jobs, stimulate new economic activity, supply capital to the local economy, develop and promote advanced technology, and provide substantial public benefits and needed services to Seattle’s residents. ED29 Support Seattle’s artists, arts organizations, and institutions because of their significant contributions to the city’s healthy business climate; their role in creating a cultural environment that attracts other living wage employers, as well as tourists, to the region; and the substantial benefits they provide to Seattle’s residents and communities. ED30 Recognize the importance of the business climate in efforts to encourage the expansion of international trade in Seattle and the region. Consider support of programs to expand export opportunities for goods and services through the city. Also, consider support of programs to improve and maintain international cooperation. Examples of programs include industry-specific international trade fairs, export trade linkages for home-grown businesses. ED 5.2 241 Enhance arts and culture activities in order to attract creative-class workers, living wage employers, and tourists to Seattle, as well as to enrich our overall culture of innovation. businesses, and Sister Cities programs. ED31 Support regulatory reform in order ED 3.2 to strike a balance between the financial impacts of regulation on businesses and developers, and maintaining an appropriate level of safeguards for the environment and worker safety, consistent with the goals and policies of this plan. ED32 For regulatory activities that affect land development, consider ways to achieve greater predictability and efficiency in the review of permit applications, consistent with the goals and policies of this Plan. ED33 Consider use of programmatic environmental impact statements (PEIS) for geographic-specific plans which may help reduce the permit processing time and increase predictability for individual development projects. ED34 Recognize the importance of maintaining and enhancing the City’s tax base, including property taxes, sales taxes and business and occupation taxes, to provide funds for capital facilities and City services for existing and future populations. ED35 Periodically assess the effects of City policies regarding taxes, fees, or utility rates on economic development goals, considering the balance between economic development goals, financial health 242 Strive to make the business climate more competitive through use of transparent and predictable regulations, efficient approval processes, and reasonable taxes, fees, and utility rates. of City government, cumulative debt and tax burdens of overlapping jurisdictions, and goals of the Comprehensive Plan. ED36 Strive to increase communication among government, businesses, major institutions and other entities that may provide economic opportunities, in order to: (a) enhance the common understanding of issues related to employment growth, business competitiveness, public policy goals and program implementation and (b) promote partnerships between government and business to achieve the goals of this plan. ED37 Strive to anticipate and lessen the impacts of involuntary job changes through efforts to retain businesses in Seattle and by providing those businesses with the opportunity to thrive. ED38 Strive to work with the business community and the residential community equitably to identify and promote areas of common interest and to facilitate the resolution of conflicts in a manner that recognizes and respects legitimate differences. ED39 Strive to improve coordination of ED 3.4 information and services among government offices which affect the viability of business in Seattle. Seek to better coordinate changes to City policies and programs with other jurisdictions within the region, in order to more effectively 243 Improve coordination of information and services between city, county, regional, state, and federal agencies to develop and implement economicdevelopment policies and programs. participate in the development and implementation of state, regional and county economic development goals. ED40 Periodically analyze available economic information to understand the City’s economic base and the regional economy in order to review and adjust as needed the City’s economic development goals and policies. ED41 Seek to coordinate, where appropriate, City investment in utilities, transportation and other public facilities with business, employment and economic development opportunities. ED42 Encourage deployment of improvements in technology and the telecommunications system within Seattle with the goals of: a. Equitable access for all service providers that use the distribution network in reaching their customers. b. Competition that promotes state of the art services and competitive pricing. c. Universal access to citizens, businesses and institutions within Seattle. d. Effectiveness based on: 1. flexibility, 2. system security, 3. reliability, and 244 4. affordability. ED43 Take into consideration the ability of technology and telecommunications technology to enhance the provision of City services to citizens and businesses when making City investments in communications and computer systems. ED44 Encourage the development of technology and telecommunications infrastructure city-wide and region-wide. ED45 Continue to promote close working ED 5.6 relationships between Seattle’s financial institutions and its business community. Where appropriate, promote the development of new initiatives and innovative programs to lower the cost of borrowing or to assist small business growth, through increased access to capital. Promote the growth of local small businesses. ED46 Where appropriate, support efforts ED 1.3 to assist small business through technical assistance for business start-up and/or expansion. Prioritize assistance to commercial districts in areas of lower economic opportunity. ED 1.5 Support independently owned and operated retail and restaurants in commercial districts to reinforce local neighborhood and cultural identity and strengthen the local economy. Strengthen the 245 ED G5 ED 5.6 ED47 entrepreneurial environment for start-ups and small businesses. Promote the growth of local small businesses. Recognize that artists make a significant contribution to the local economy as small businesses, and support efforts to ensure that Seattle’s artist communities may thrive within the city. ED 1.4 Enrich the vibrancy of neighborhood business districts through the integration of design, public art, public space, historic preservation, and cultural spaces and programming. ED 1.6 Pursue strategies for community development that help meet the needs of marginalized populations in multicultural business districts, where small businesses are at risk of displacement due to increasing costs. ED 2.2 Encourage collaboration among businesses within and across industry clusters in the areas of marketing, research, capital and talent acquisition, job training, and expansion of highly skilled jobs. 246 ED G3 Encourage a business climate that supports new investment, job creation, and resilience and that values cultural diversity and inclusion. ED 3.3 Foster partnerships between the public and private sectors to improve business climate. ED 3.5 Encourage a business climate that supports new investment and job creation and that values cultural diversity and inclusion. ED 3.6 Address the needs of culturally relevant businesses most vulnerable to redevelopment pressure and displacement. ED 3.7 Consider the needs and priorities for long-term economic recovery in postdisaster recovery and mitigation planning. ED 3.8 Evaluate taxes, regulations, incentives, and other government policies and investments to determine the benefits and burdens for marginalized populations. 247 New, emphasizing equity ED G4 Maintain a highly trained and well-educated local workforce that effectively competes for meaningful and productive employment, earns a living wage, meets the needs of business, and increases opportunities for social mobility. ED 4.2 Increase job training, internships, and job placement to overcome barriers to employment and to achieve greater racial and social inclusion in the workforce. ED 4.3 Encourage all businesses to pay a living wage, provide necessary employment benefits, and hire local residents. ED 4.4 Explore opportunities to New, emphasizing equity coordinate communitydevelopment activities with place-based workforcedevelopment opportunities in communities with high unemployment. ED 4.5 Promote programs aimed at reducing unemployment among people of color in Seattle ED 4.6 Support efforts that connect youth to internships and other education and career opportunities. 248 New, emphasizing equity ED 5.3 Expand the network for technology and innovation entrepreneurs to learn about services and jobs, build relationships, and find resources—all of which will help enable their businesses to flourish. ED 5.4 Establish incentives to encourage property owners and building owners to offer affordable spaces for start-ups and small businesses. ED 5.5 Reduce barriers to business start-up and entrepreneurship, especially barriers that confront marginalized populations, immigrants, and refugees. 249 New, emphasizing equity Environment Element Current Current Language New # New Language EG1 Protect and improve the quality and function of the city’s air, land, and water resources because of their relationship to human health, wildlife and the region’s natural heritage. ENG1 Foster healthy trees, vegetation, and soils to improve human health, provide wildlife habitats, improve drainage, give residents across the city access to nature, provide fresh food, and increase the quality of life for all Seattleites. E1 Explore ways for City actions and EN 1.3 decisions to have positive effects on the natural environment and human health, and to avoid or offset potential negative effects, including those caused by private projects permitted by the City. EG2 Maintain a healthy natural environment as central to Seattle’s economic development and as a competitive advantage in attracting and retaining familywage jobs and workers. E2 Incorporate the improvement of the natural environment into the City’s planning efforts and capital development projects. For instance, plan for transportation systems that control impacts on air quality and climate-change, as well as on water pollution and the consumption of fossil fuels. E3 Promote sustainable EN 1.5 management of public and private open spaces and landscaping, such as by preserving or planting native and 250 Use trees, vegetation, green stormwater infrastructure, amended soil, green roofs, and other low-impact development features to meet drainage needs and reduce the impacts of development. Promote sustainable management of public and private open spaces, trees, and vegetation by preserving or planting native and naturalized Notes naturalized vegetation, removing invasive plants, engaging the community in long-term maintenance activities, and using integrated pest management. E4 Strive to protect and retain certain trees and groups of trees that enhance Seattle’s historical, cultural, environmental and aesthetic character. E5 Maintain the health of natural habitats on private property through a combination of education, incentives and development standards that recognize and promote sound practices by private land owners. E6 Create partnerships with organizations in the private sector and engage the community to protect and enhance Seattle’s urban ecosystems and habitat. E7 Control the impacts of noise, odor, and light, litter, graffiti, junk cars, trash, and refuse in order to protect human health and the livability of the urban environment. EG3 Use natural systems to maintain and enhance environmental quality by having them perform vegetation, removing invasive plants, improving soil health, using integrated pest management, and engaging the community in long-term stewardship activities. EN 1.1 251 Seek to achieve an urban forest that contains a thriving and sustainable mix of tree species and ages, and that creates a contiguous and healthy ecosystem that is valued and cared for by the City and all Seattleites as an essential environmental, economic, and community asset. such functions as cleaning air and water, and controlling storm water runoff. E8 In order to reduce the financial investment in built infrastructure while controlling the environmental impacts that infrastructure can cause, explore opportunities to restore or productively use the functions that a healthy ecosystem can provide in conjunction with, or as a substitute for, built infrastructure. E8.1 Use trees, vegetation, amended EN 1.3 soil, bioretention, and other green stormwater infrastructure, where feasible, to manage stormwater runoff and reduce the impacts of development. E9 Work to achieve a sustainable urban forest that contains a diverse mix of tree species and ages in order to use the forest’s abilities to reduce storm water runoff and pollution, absorb air pollutants, provide wildlife habitat, absorb carbon dioxide, provide shade, stabilize soil, and increase property values. E10 Strive to increase the amount of permeable surface and remove unnecessary impervious surfaces. Use trees, vegetation, green stormwater infrastructure, amended soil, green roofs, and other low-impact development features to meet drainage needs and reduce the impacts of development. EN 1.4 Increase the amount of permeable surface by reducing hardscape surfaces where possible and maximizing the use of permeable paving elsewhere. EN 1.6 Strive to manage seven 252 hundred million gallons of stormwater runoff each year with green stormwater infrastructure by 2025. EG4 EG5 EG6 Recognize and enhance the value ENG2 of Seattle’s aquatic areas, including Puget Sound, the lakes, creeks, rivers, and the associated shorelines for their contributions to the quality of life in Seattle. Pursue the long-term health of Seattle’s creeks, shorelines and other water bodies by taking actions that address flooding, water quality, habitat and barriers to fish passage. Strive to minimize the number and extent of combined sewer overflow events occurring Foster healthy aquatic systems, including Puget Sound, lakes, creeks, rivers, and the associated shorelines, to provide a high quality of life in Seattle for all its residents and a valuable habitat for fish and wildlife. EN 2.1 Protect and improve water and sediment quality by controlling pollution sources and treating stormwater through best management practices. EN 2.3 Seek to clean up existing contaminated sediments. EN 2.6 Promote quality wildlife habitats in Seattle’s waterways by protecting and improving migratory fish passageways, spawning grounds, wetlands, estuaries, and river mouths. EN 1.6 Strive to manage seven hundred million gallons of stormwater runoff each year with green stormwater infrastructure by 2025. EN 2.2 Reduce combined sewer overflows by reducing stormwater inflows and increasing storage in combined 253 annually in the City. E11 Identify long-term goals and develop plans or strategies for improving the environmental quality of each of the city’s aquatic areas, including a long-term plan to restore and sustain Seattle’s creeks. Consider in these plans or strategies the use of incentives, regulations and other opportunities for action to restore and sustain the longterm health of Seattle’s creeks and shorelines. E12 Take steps to improve water quality and the health of the city’s aquatic areas, such as by eliminating the use of chemicals that have negative impacts on aquatic or human health, especially on City-owned property or rights-of-way. E12.5 Promote the reduction of the amount of pesticides, herbicides, and artificial fertilizers used for urban agriculture within the city. E13 Strive to achieve flows in creeks that will support a variety of aquatic life and that will control flooding and property damage caused by unregulated flows. E14 Promote both public and private opportunities to improve water quality and help store aquatic habitat in the city’s creeks, lakes, rivers and marine waters and their shorelines, so that these system areas. EN 2.4 Limit the use of chemicals that have negative impacts on aquatic or human health, especially on City-owned property or rights-of-way. EN 2.5 Manage flows in creeks to support a variety of aquatic life and to control flooding and property damage caused by unregulated flows. 254 habitats are healthy for native wildlife and people. EG7 Reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other climatechanging greenhouse gases in Seattle by 30 percent from 1990 levels by 2020, and become carbon neutral by 2050. [TABLE: sector % reduction targets] ENG3 Reduce Seattle’s greenhouse gas emissions by 58 percent from 2008 levels by 2030, and become carbon neutral by 2050. EG7.3 Seattle will act as a regional and national leader by becoming carbon neutral. EG7.5 Prepare for and adapt to the likely effects of climate change through the development, ongoing assessment, and implementation of the Climate Action Plan. ENG4 Prepare for the likely impacts of climate change, including changing rain patterns, increased temperatures and heat events, shifting habitats, more intense storms, and rising sea level. E15 Work with private and public sector partners to achieve the goal of reducing climatechanging greenhouse gas emissions. ENG3 Reduce Seattle’s greenhouse gas emissions by 58 percent from 2008 levels by 2030, and become carbon neutral by 2050. E15.1 Build infrastructure and provide EN 3.1 services for pedestrians, bicycles, electric vehicles and transit to facilitate movement around the city by means other than fossilfueled automobiles. Expand transit, walking, bicycling, and sharedtransportation infrastructure and services to provide safe and effective options for getting around that produce low or zero emissions. E15.2 Consider innovative measures EN 3.3 that would encourage and facilitate use of alternatives to single-occupant vehicles, such as parking maximums for new development, parking taxes or Implement innovative policies, such as road pricing and parking management, that better reflect the true cost of driving and therefore lead to less automobile use, while 255 fees. employing strategies that mitigate impacts on lowincome residents. E15.3 Continue to recognize the value EN 3.2 of planning for transportation facilities at the same time as for the location, type and density of future housing and jobs as a way to reduce the need for future residents and workers to travel by automobile. Aspire to meet the growing demand for conveniently located homes and businesses in pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods where residents can walk to a variety of recreation and service offerings. E15.4 Work to reduce greenhouse gas EN 3.4 emissions through energy efficiency and low-carbon energy sources in buildings. Encourage energy efficiency and the use of low-carbon energy sources, such as waste heat and renewables, in both existing and new buildings. E15.5 For itself and the general public, the City should anticipate the effects of climate change and make plans for adapting to those effects. E15.6 Establish energy efficiency standards for new buildings, consistent with applicable law, and encourage existing buildings to also achieve those standards. EN 3.4 Encourage energy efficiency and the use of low-carbon energy sources, such as waste heat and renewables, in both existing and new buildings. E15.7 Reduce emissions associated with solid waste by reducing the amount of waste generated and by operating efficient collection and disposal systems. EN 3.4 Encourage energy efficiency and the use of low-carbon energy sources, such as waste heat and renewables, in both existing and new buildings. E15.8 Encourage local food production as a way to decrease the environmental and climate impacts of the food production EN 1.8 Encourage gardening and food production by residents as a way to make fresh, healthy food available in the city. 256 and distribution systems. EG8 Continuously improve the City’s environmental performance in its roles as a large employer, builder and maintainer of capital facilities, land owner and regulator to not only improve the natural environment but also to set an example for others’ behavior. EG9 Reduce fossil-fuel consumption in constructing new and renovating existing City-owned buildings to one-half the U.S. average for each building type. E16 In the operations of City government, strive to reduce the use of resources and toxics, prevent pollution, reuse existing resources such as historic structures, control waste, and protect natural areas and biodiversity. Repairs of Cityowned buildings should employ green building practices. E17 To improve the City’s environmental performance, set targets, use innovative approaches, encourage employees, and coordinate with other government entities. E18 Collect data and regularly report on the sustainability measures EN 3.7 257 Support a food system that encourages consumption of local foods and healthy foods with a low carbon footprint, reduces food waste, and fosters composting. and numeric goals in this plan to inform and enable citizens and decision-makers to consider alternative policies or programs, where outcomes differ from what was intended. Conduct an inventory of greenhouse gas emissions in Seattle at least every three years. Use data, public input, and approaches developed by other public agencies and private organizations that address sustainability. Consider combining this monitoring activity with the one described in the Urban Village Element of this Plan. EG10 Reduce consumption of fossil fuels in all new City government buildings in the following increments (percent reduction from 2007 U.S. average for each building type): 60% in 2010; 70% in 2015; 80% in 2020; 90% in 2025; and Carbon Neutral by 2030 (meaning new buildings will use no fossil fuel or greenhouse gasemitting energy to operate). EG11 Make waste reduction, pollution EN 3.5 prevention and recycling integral parts of how City government and others in the city conduct their daily business. 258 Reduce the amount of waste generated while at the same time increasing the amount of waste that is recycled and composted. E19 Reduce consumption of resources and promote conservation of energy, water and material resources among all sectors of the community, including City government. E20 Consider long-term environmental costs, in City planning, purchasing and operating decisions. For instance, look at all of the environmental impacts caused by materials from their production to disposal. E21 Seek to meet greenhouse gas emission goals EG7 - EG10. EN 3.6 Reduce the emissions associated with the life cycle of goods and services by encouraging the use of durable, local products and recycled-content or reused materials, and recycling at the end of products’ lives. EN G4 Prepare for the likely impacts of climate change, including changing rain patterns, increased temperatures and heat events, shifting habitats, more intense storms, and rising sea level. EN 4.1 Consider projected climate impacts when developing plans or designing and siting infrastructure, in order to maximize the function and longevity of infrastructure investments, while also limiting impacts on marginalized populations and fostering resilient social and natural 259 systems. EN 4.2 Prioritize actions that reduce risk and enhance resilience in populations nearest the likely impacts of climate change, including especially marginalized populations and seniors, since these groups often have the fewest resources to respond to changing conditions and therefore may be more severely impacted. E21 Strive to protect and retain certain trees and groups of trees that enhance Seattle’s historical, cultural, environmental and aesthetic character. EN 1.7 Promote the care and retention of trees and groups of trees that enhance Seattle’s historical, cultural, recreational, environmental, and aesthetic character. E22 Work to achieve a sustainable urban forest that contains a diverse mix of tree species and ages in order to use the forest’s abilities to reduce storm water runoff and pollution, absorb air pollutants, provide wildlife habitat, absorb carbon dioxide, provide shade, stabilize soil, provide food, and increase property values. EN 1.1 Seek to achieve an urban forest that contains a thriving and sustainable mix of tree species and ages, and that creates a contiguous and healthy ecosystem that is valued and cared for by the City and all Seattleites as an essential environmental, economic, and community asset. E23 Achieve no net loss of tree EN 1.2 canopy coverage, and strive to increase tree canopy coverage to 40 percent, to reduce storm runoff, absorb air pollutants, reduce noise, stabilize soil, 260 Strive to increase citywide tree ENG 1 and EN 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and canopy coverage to 30 percent 1.4 also address former LU by 2037 and to 40 percent over Policies LU 39, 40, and 41. time. provide habitat, and mitigate the heat island effect of developed areas. E24 Update the tree canopy inventory in the Urban Forest Management Plan at least every 10 years to measure progress toward the goal of increased canopy coverage. ENG5 Seek to ensure that environmental benefits are equitably distributed and environmental burdens are minimized and equitably shared by all Seattleites. New – emphasizing equity EN 5.1 Consider the cost and benefits of policy and investment options on different communities, including the cost of compliance as well as outcomes. New – emphasizing equity EN 5.2 Prioritize investments, policies, New – emphasizing equity and programs that address existing disparities in the distribution of environmental burdens and benefits. EN 5.3 Prioritize strategies with coNew – emphasizing equity benefits that support other equity goals such as promoting living wage jobs or enhancing social connectedness. EN 5.4 Assess facilities and services New – emphasizing equity periodically to determine the environmental impacts they may be having on marginalized populations, and identify ways to mitigate those impacts. 261 262 Parks, Open Space and Recreation Element (New Element) Current Current Language New # New Language Notes Parks, Open Space, and Recreation is a recommended new Element. Many of the policies cited below are new to the Comprehensive Plan. Others have been moved here from other elements, particularly the former Urban Village Element. PG1 Provide a variety of outdoor and indoor spaces throughout the city for all people to play, learn, contemplate, and build community P1.1 Continue to expand the City’s park holdings and open space opportunities, with special emphasis on serving urban centers and urban villages that are home to marginalized populations and areas that have been traditionally underserved. P1.2 Provide a variety of parks and open space to serve the city’s growing population consistent with the priorities and level-ofservice standards identified in the City’s Park Development Plan. P1.3 Provide urban trails, green streets, and boulevards in public rights-of-way as recreation and transportation options and as ways to connect open spaces and parks to each other, to urban centers and villages, and to the regional open space system. P1.4 Reduce health disparities by making investments that provide access to open space and recreation activities for marginalized communities. P1.5 Make rights-of-way available on a 263 temporary basis to provide space for community events, such as street fairs, farmers’ markets, or neighborhood celebrations. P1.6 Provide areas to preserve important natural or ecological features in public ownership, and allow people access to these spaces. P1.7 Provide public access to shorelines by using street ends, regulation, or acquisition. P1.8 Encourage or require private developers to incorporate on-site publicly accessible open space or to provide appropriate recreation opportunities for building tenants within new developments. P1.9 Consider the use of open space impact fees to help fund open space system improvements that will serve the expected growth. P1.10 Use cooperative agreements with Seattle Public Schools and other public agencies to provide access to open spaces they control. P1.11 Create healthy places for children and adults to play, as well as areas for more passive strolling, viewing, and picnicking. P1.12 Use investments in park facilities and programs to reduce health disparities by providing access to open space and recreational activities for all Seattle residents. P1.13 Design open spaces that protect the natural environment and provide light, air, and visual relief within the built environment. P1.14 Make the most of the limited available land by developing parks and open spaces so that they can 264 accommodate a variety of active and passive recreational uses. P1.15 Consider access by transit, bicycle, and foot when acquiring new park facilities or improving existing ones PG2 Continue to provide opportunities for all people across Seattle to participate in a variety of recreational activities. PG2.1 Consider the use of open space impact fees to help fund recreational facility system improvements that will serve the expected growth. PG2.2 Develop a long-term strategic plan that accounts for citywide and neighborhood demographics, as well as the demand for various active and passive recreation activities. PG2.3 Establish partnerships with public and private organizations to supplement programming that supports residents’ needs and interests. PG2.4 Develop activities at community centers based on the specific needs of each community they serve and make them neighborhood focal points where people can enhance their individual health and well-being and strengthen a sense of community. PG2.5 Promote the use of open spaces and park facilities in the city for events that celebrate our history and the many cultures of our community. PG2.6 Provide recreation and social programs that allow older adults to remain healthy and actively 265 involved in their community. PG2.7 Provide athletic fields that can serve as places where people of diverse ages, backgrounds, and interests can engage in a variety of sports. PG2.8 Offer fun and safe water experiences through a diverse range of healthy and accessible aquatic programs at outdoor and indoor venues throughout the city. PG2.9 Provide welcoming, accessible, and affordable recreation and social programs for people with disabilities and their families. PG2.10 Engage teens with activities that help them to build their identities and to acquire skills that will lead to healthy and productive lives PG2.11 Develop programs that foster awareness and appreciation of nature from the neighborhood scale to the regional scale and provide activities for residents to help protect or restore the environment. PG2.12 Provide programs that are culturally responsive, accessible, welcoming, and affordable to communities of color and to immigrant and refugee communities. PG2.13 Provide welcoming, accessible, and affordable recreation and social programs for LGBTQ youth and adults. PG2.14 Develop partnerships with organizations that consider race and social justice to be fundamental to their operations and business practices. 266 PG3 Manage the City’s park and recreation facilities to provide safe and welcoming places. P3.1 Implement capital improvements that are driven by a long-term programmatic strategic plan. P3.2 Maintain the long-term viability of park and recreation facilities by regularly addressing major maintenance needs. P3.3 Look for innovative ways to approach construction and major maintenance activities to limit water and energy use and to maximize environmental sustainability. P3.4 Enhance wildlife habitat by restoring forests and expanding the tree canopy on City-owned land. P3.5 Protect habitat and wildlife areas through education, interpretation, and wildlife-management programs. P3.6 Increase access to public land by assessing, managing, and cleaning up contaminated sites P3.7 Preserve and reclaim park property for public use and benefit, and ensure continued access to parkland for the growing population. P3.8 Leverage capital and program investments and agreements with private vendors to provide training, apprenticeships, youth employment, and living wage job opportunities for marginalized populations. PG4 Plan and maintain regional parks and facilities to accommodate the people who will want to visit 267 them, while respecting the facilities’ neighbors. P4.1 Develop plans for regional and special-use parks to take advantage of unique natural and cultural features in the city, enhance visitors’ experiences, and nurture partnerships with other public agencies and private organizations. P4.2 Design parks and program activities in Downtown in ways that create a welcoming and safe environment. P4.3 Recognize that visitors to major regional attractions can impact the neighborhoods surrounding those facilities, and look for ways to limit those impacts, including through enhanced walking, biking, and transit connections. P4.4 Look for innovative ways to conduct construction and major maintenance of park facilities that will provide training, apprenticeships, youth employment, and living wage opportunities for marginalized populations. 268 Cultural Resources (recommended to be Arts and Culture) Element Current Current Language New # New Language CRG1 A city that welcomes diversity; works to raise awareness and understanding of the city and its peoples; and nurtures the ethnic and cultural traditions of its diverse citizenry. ACG1 Strengthen the diversity of public art and expand the City’s collection of public artworks. CRG2 A city where the sense of community is strong, opportunities for people to interact with each other are many, and conditions that contribute to isolation and segregation are discouraged. CR1 Encourage and support AC1.5 communities in celebrating, preserving, and transmitting their traditions through cultural and heritage activities, the arts, education, publishing and reading, and public events. Strengthen the diversity of expression in public art to embrace a variety of artists, sites, disciplines, and media to fully reflect the cultural diversity of the city. CR2 Involve neighborhoods in public AC 1.3 projects, including publiclysponsored art and cultural events, so that the projects reflect the values of, and have relevance and meaning to, the neighborhoods in which they are located. Encourage projects that are challenging and thought provoking, as well as beautiful, fun and entertaining. Prioritize locations for new public art where it is desired by the community, can be accommodated safely, and will be enjoyed by many people in locations throughout the city. 269 Notes CR3 Use cultural resources to promote cross-cultural awareness and depict differing points of view in order to foster open and intentional exploration of the issues and conditions that tend to divide communities, so that actions can be taken to confront and overcome these conditions. CRG3 A city that values, maintains and enhances the resources that establish the public realm, including schools, libraries, museums and other cultural facilities, streets and public rightsof-way, government facilities and public open spaces, and promotes the use of these places for public gathering and cultural expression. AC 4.5 Encourage using public and institutional spaces, such as parks, community centers, libraries, hospitals, schools, universities, and City-owned places for arts and culture. AC4.1 Create and maintain an inventory of both public and private cultural spaces. CRG4 A city that uses public projects and activities to help define Seattle’s identity, especially civic spaces that provide residents and visitors with strong symbols of the city or neighborhood identity. CR4 Continue Seattle’s long tradition of AC 1.1 providing a rich variety of public open spaces, community gardens, and public facilities to provide residents with recreational and cultural opportunities, promote environmental stewardship and attract desirable economic development. Continue to set aside funding for new public art as part of capital improvement projects. CR5 Capitalize on the potential that AC 1.2 public projects have for serving as symbols of the city, and for expressing the identity and special character of the area where they Encourage the inclusion of artists early in the design of capital improvement projects. 270 are located by encouraging public art and excellent urban design and architecture that: CR6 • respond to local climate conditions, respect the surrounding context, use local building and landscaping materials, emphasize conservation, and draw on the region’s cultural heritage; • communicate the purpose of the project and the identity, history and uniqueness of different places within the city; • enhance accessibility; and • integrate art into the design of the project. AC 1.3 Capitalize on opportunities for AC 4.9 promoting community identity through the design of street space, preserving or encouraging, for example: • street furnishings that reflect the ethnic heritage or architectural character of the surrounding neighborhood; • artworks and markers commemorating important events or individuals; • details that can reinforce 271 Prioritize locations for new public art where it is desired by the community, can be accommodated safely, and will be enjoyed by many people in locations throughout the city. Establish creative placemaking as part of local area planning. community identity and authenticity such as light standards, street name markers, original granite curbing and cobblestone paving or types of street trees; or • space for landscaping projects. CRG5 A city that regards the communitybuilding potential of cultural resources as an integral part of its growth management strategy— the urban village strategy. CR7 Promote the development or expansion of cultural facilities, including libraries, schools, parks, performing arts and art exhibition facilities, museums, and community centers, in areas designated as urban villages and urban centers. CR8 In general, use the hierarchy of urban village designations to guide the siting of different types of cultural facilities, directing those facilities that attract large numbers of people to urban centers, because these areas: function as major commercial centers and gathering places; have unparalleled regional access through the regional transit system; and will accommodate a substantial amount of the city’s growth over the next 20 years. All types of urban villages are suitable for small cultural facilities. The scale of facilities should generally be compatible with the character AC G4 272 Support affordable cultural spaces in all neighborhoods, especially urban centers and villages where they are accessible to a broad range of people and where they can help activate the public realm. of the neighborhood in which they are located. CR9 Work with neighborhoods and agencies to identify resources of historic, architectural, cultural, artistic, or social significance, especially in urban centers and urban villages. Encourage neighborhood-based efforts to preserve these resources where appropriate. Identify structures, sites and public views, in addition to those already recognized, that should be considered for protection measures. CR10 Foster public life throughout the city by providing open spaces that are well-integrated into the neighborhoods they serve and function as “public living rooms” for informal gathering and recreation, especially in more densely populated urban centers and urban villages. CRG6 A city that celebrates and strives to protect its cultural legacy and heritage, to preserve and protect historic neighborhoods and to preserve, restore and re-use its built resources of cultural, heritage, architectural, or social significance in order to maintain its unique sense of place and adapt to change gracefully. CRG7 A city that preserves the integrity of the cultural resources under AC4.10 Encourage the creation of cultural spaces for informal gathering and recreation, especially in more densely populated urban centers and villages and in communities of color that lack cultural spaces. PG1 273 Provide a variety of outdoor and indoor spaces throughout the city for all people to play, learn, contemplate, and build community. City control, including public art and archaeological and historic resources, and fosters in the community a sense of personal responsibility and stewardship for all cultural resources. CR11 Identify and protect landmarks LU14.4 Use incentives, including the and historic districts that define transfer of development Seattle’s identity and represent its rights, to encourage property history, and strive to reduce owners and developers to barriers to preservation. As restore or reuse designated appropriate, offer incentives for landmark structures and rehabilitating and adapting historic specified structures in buildings for new uses. designated districts CR12 Preserve and enhance the City Archives as a unique cultural resource for documenting the human experience in Seattle. CR13 Promote partnerships among cultural heritage agencies in City government — e.g., the City Archives, Seattle Public Library, Urban Conservation — and community organizations to develop interpretative and educational programming about Seattle’s heritage. CR14 Increase awareness of the community’s heritage by promoting cultural preservation programs or activities, and by encouraging public participation in documenting Seattle’s history, especially the participation of the elderly who provide the most direct connection with the past. CR15 Identify and work with others to explore ways to preserve Seattle’s LU14.8 Identify, preserve, and protect archaeological resources. 274 archaeological resources. Initiate and support efforts to educate Seattle citizens about these resources. CR16 Set an example by maintaining a high standard for the care of Cityowned cultural resources to encourage owners of properties having value as cultural resources to do the same. CRG8 A city that continually builds on the strengths of its cultural resources to advance as an international cultural center. CRG9 A city that maintains its place as the cultural center of the region, while participating as a partner in the region’s network of cultural infrastructure — universities and educational institutions, libraries, arts and heritage organizations and facilities, and creative individuals and supporters — to sustain this infrastructure and provide greater access for all. CR17 Promote partnerships among the City and other public and private entities in the region to: • LU14.1 Support the designation of areas as historic and special review districts, and the designation of structures, sites, and objects as City of Seattle landmarks in order to protect, enhance, and perpetuate their historical or architectural identities. AC 3.3 provide mutual support for the preservation, maintenance and development of regional cultural facilities where people experience worldclass cultural events; and 275 Expand partnerships with educational institutions, arts institutions, youth service agencies, libraries, foundations, businesses, and arts and cultural organizations to increase participation in arts and culture programs, creative learning opportunities, and creative economy careers. • make these resources visible, accessible and integrated with the community. CR18 Encourage other jurisdictions in the region to help Seattle sustain and enhance the cultural facilities located in Seattle that serve the region as a whole. CR19 Recognize that the city’s Major Institutions (universities and hospitals) represent cultural resources for the neighborhoods in which they are located, the region and beyond, and work with these institutions as they develop plans for the future to encourage greater public access and enjoyment of these resources. CR20 Because of their central location and historic role as the region’s meeting places, and the added benefits that come from having a recognized district of related activities, continue to support the concentration of regional cultural facilities in downtown Seattle and Seattle Center. CR21 Promote artistic exploration and exchange worldwide through many avenues, including Seattle Sister Cities Program, and through cultural partnerships with Africa, the Asian Pacific Rim, Latin America, Mexico and other countries represented in Seattle’s population. 276 CR22 Develop portions of the surplused Naval Station Puget Sound at Sand Point into a multi-purpose regional facility to support the arts and cultural activity. CRG10 A city that utilizes its wealth of cultural resources to promote employment, small business development, trade, and tourism and to attract businesses to the Pacific Northwest. AC2.2 Encourage collaboration across the spectrum of traditional and creative economy businesses, especially businesses that rely on innovation and design to be competitive. CR23 Document and increase public awareness of the tremendous contributions that cultural resources make to the city’s fiscal well-being. AC 2.1 Recognize and expand the economic impact of arts and culture. CR24 Foster an urban environment and cultural activities that are true to the values and needs of the city’s citizens, because a city that promotes its own identity will, in the long run, sustain its attractiveness to visitors without compromising its integrity. CR25 Recognize the economic value of Seattle’s cultural resources in attracting tourism; reinvest a share of the revenue derived from tourism to sustain and expand cultural resources. CR26 Promote collaboration among the business community and organizations involved in cultural resources to make cultural experiences accessible to the widest possible public. 277 CRG11 A city that is a laboratory for lifelong learning, where people of all ages are afforded opportunities to continually enrich their lives. CRG12 A city where cultural resources are CWG4 learning tools that can help individuals achieve both selffulfillment and a productive place in the community. CR27 Encourage informal opportunities for learning and enjoyment through creative ways of presenting cultural resources to the public, such as poetry and graphic art on transit, presentations at major public events, the treatment of information on public flyers and billing statements, and library resources and programming. CR28 Take advantage of the opportunities that facilities attracting large numbers of people present for teaching about the community and its history. CR29 Work in partnership with artists, arts organizations, ethnic, cultural, musical and community associations, and education institutions to foster opportunities for life-long cultural exploration for all citizens. 278 Support an education system and opportunities for lifelong learning that strengthen literacy and employability for all Seattleites. CR30 Encourage schools to make their facilities available to Seattle’s neighborhoods for cultural programs, and community services, meetings and gatherings. CRG13 A city where children are exposed to cultural resources, educated about Seattle’s history and various cultures, and have opportunities to explore their own talents and creativity. CR31 Encourage programs for students AC G3 to develop their creativity and arts skills as part of their development as confident, well-rounded individuals, both for their lifelong enjoyment and to prepare them for careers in the creative arts or to apply their creative abilities in other professions and pursuits. CR32 Encourage public art projects that involve youth in design and implementation. CR33 Support cultural programs, especially for at-risk youth, both in schools and in settings outside school, that involve artists and scholars in partnership with cultural organizations and institutions. CR34 Create opportunities for Seattle students to be exposed to many cultures in a variety of venues throughout the city, so that their education may be well-rounded. 279 Improve access to arts education in all schools and outside the school setting so that students are prepared to be successful in school and life. CR35 Promote partnerships among the City and other public and private entities in the region to: • continue to refine and articulate roles of City, County and State government as supporters and promoters of cultural expression; • simplify and coordinate funding processes; and • promote the development of strong arts and heritage organizations that provide cultural programming. CR36 Encourage support for cultural resources through individual and corporate philanthropy; show how contributions will benefit both donor and recipient. Publicly recognize and celebrate gift giving of all types and levels. CR37 Increase opportunities for nonAC3.5 professionals and young people to participate in a variety of public events, festivals and projects, because amateur activity enlivens community life and cultivates deeper appreciation and involvement in cultural activities. CR38 Reduce barriers to the involvement of people with disabilities in cultural activities. 280 Prioritize arts and culture opportunities for youth and communities with limited or no access to the arts. CR39 Develop a better understanding of how the city’s different arts’ communities function. Assess the needs of these communities to better recognize and act on opportunities to support them. CR40 Increase opportunities for artists to apply their skills and creativity in the delivery of public services, in the planning and design of capital improvements or in the design and delivery of public information. CR41 Facilitate volunteer public arts projects, such as community murals, by identifying locations where art is desirable, can be accommodated safely, and will be enjoyed by many people. CR42 Encourage performances and events in non-traditional settings, such as neighborhood parks, community centers, schools, transit stations, housing projects and public areas in private development, to reach new audiences and increase access for people who otherwise would be unable to attend. AC1.5 Strengthen the diversity of expression in public art to embrace a variety of artists, sites, disciplines, and media to fully reflect the cultural diversity of the city. AC 1.6 Encourage public participation in the planning and implementation of public art projects. ACG2 Enhance support for artists, creative professionals, and cultural organizations, allowing them to grow and mature. 281 AC 2.3 Encourage access to affordable workspaces for artists, arts, and cultural organizations. AC 2.4 Improve technical- and financial-assistance programs to better target and serve both artists and arts organizations of various sizes and at various stages of growth, representing a broad range of cultures. AC 2.5 Enhance equitable access to technical and financial assistance for all artists and organizations. AC 3.1 Encourage schools to offer culturally relevant K–12 arts curricula that emphasize development and assessment of twenty-first-century skills. AC 3.2 Encourage schools to provide professional development in the arts for teachers and community arts partners. AC 3.4 Help make arts education New, emphasizing equity available in areas of high violence and poverty or where school performance is poor. AC 4.2 Create incentives to preserve or expand space for artists, arts organizations, and other cultural uses. 282 AC 4.3 Consider making surplus Cityowned property available to both artists and arts and cultural organizations. AC 4.4 Consider public-private partnerships as a way to provide affordable space to both artists and arts and cultural organizations. AC 4.6 Encourage the designation of existing clusters of cultural spaces as cultural districts. AC 4.7 Encourage the designation of existing clusters of cultural spaces as cultural districts. AC 4.8 Share a tool kit of ways communities can make their own art and culture, created in partnership with City departments and community interests. AC 4.11 Enhance access to a variety of arts and cultural institutions and programs for at-risk youth, non-English-speaking residents, seniors, the visually and hearing impaired, and people with other disabilities. 283 Human Development (recommended to be Community Well Being) Element Current Current Language New # New Language HDG1 Make Seattle a place where people are involved in community and neighborhood life; where they help each other and contribute to the vitality of the city. CWG1 HDG2 Create a caring community that nurtures and supports children and families. Make Seattle a place where all residents feel they can be active in family, community, and neighborhood life, and where they help each other, contribute to the vitality of the city, and create a sense of belonging among all Seattleites. HD1 Work toward achieving a sense of belonging among all Seattle residents. CW 1.1 Promote opportunities for people to build connections with their peers, neighbors, and the greater community by supporting intergenerational and intercultural programs, activities, and events. CW 1.2 Promote volunteerism and community service among people of all ages and cultures by providing information about opportunities to contribute their time, energy, or resources. a. Promote opportunities that bring people together to help them build connections to each other, their peers, their neighbors and the greater community. b. Enhance opportunities for intergenerational activities. c. Strive to reach people in new ways to encourage broad participation in neighborhood and community activities and events. HD2 Promote volunteerism and community service. a. Enhance people’s access to information about opportunities to contribute their time, energy or resources. b. Encourage young people of all ages to be involved in creating and participating in 284 Notes community service projects. HD3 Strengthen efforts to involve people in the planning and decision-making that affect their lives. HD4 Encourage other governments, schools, institutions and community based organizations to provide opportunities for people’s participation in discussions that shape decisions about their neighborhoods CW 1.3 Enhance opportunities for children and youth to gain skills, increase self-esteem, and envision a positive future. CW 1.4 Reinforce efforts that strengthen the ability of children, youth, and families to participate in their health, wellness, and education, and to contribute to the development of a vibrant, growing community. and communities. HD5 Encourage people to take responsibility for their lives and to nurture their families, children and circle of friends. HD6 Encourage people to be informed and involved, so they can make educated choices about their lives and assist in finding community solutions to issues and problems and responses to opportunities. HD7 Promote the investment by adults in the healthy development of the community’s children and youth. HD8 Emphasize prevention and early intervention to reduce risks and 285 strengthen resiliency of children and youth. HD9 Enhance opportunities that help children and youth gain skills and self-esteem, and foster a sense of hope and optimism about the future. CW 1.5 Celebrate young people’s accomplishments, and promote activities for children and youth to increase their participation in the community. HD10 Reinforce efforts that strengthen the ability of children, youth and families to help themselves and each other. Promote activities that help teach children and youth to act responsibly, and acknowledge young people’s accomplishments. HDG3 Strive to alleviate the impacts of poverty, low income and conditions that make people, especially children and older CW G2 Reduce poverty and its effects, which make people, especially children and elderly adults, vulnerable. HDG3.5 Strive to provide access to healthy, affordable food to all households in the city. CW 2.5 Provide access to healthy food by encouraging better distribution and marketing of healthy options throughout the city and by addressing nutrition standards in programs supported by the City. HD11 Encourage coordinated service delivery for food, housing, health care, and other basic necessities of life to promote long-term self-reliance for vulnerable populations. CW 2.1 Encourage coordinated service delivery for food, housing, health care, and other basic necessities for people and families in need. HD11.1 Guide the operation of safe and CW healthy transitional 2.8 encampments to allow temporary shelter for those who are homeless. adults, vulnerable. Invest in services and programs that prevent homelessness, provide a pathway to permanent housing, and allow temporary 286 shelter for those who are homeless. HD11.5 Coordinate service delivery plans for vulnerable populations in the event of an emergency or disaster. CW 2.9 Place special emphasis on programs addressing those who are most vulnerable to homelessness. CW 2.10 Develop an increased level of emergency preparedness among all segments of the population to help coordinate governmental response and recovery efforts that seek to minimize the adversity of a major emergency or disaster. CW 2.2 Contribute to efforts that help people meet their basic needs, maintain their independence as long as possible, and remain in their neighborhoods of choice. HD12 Strive to assist and enhance efforts that help older people meet their basic needs, maintain their independence as long as possible, and remain in their neighborhoods of choice. CW 1.6 Engage older residents in community conversations and volunteer opportunities so that they can find fulfillment in ways that benefit themselves and the community. HD13 Encourage public and private efforts that support food banks and nutrition programs, especially to meet the nutritional needs of infants, children and the elderly, and other vulnerable populations. CW 2.4 Encourage public and private efforts that support culturally appropriate food opportunities, including grocery stores, farmers’ markets, food banks, and nutrition programs, especially to meet the nutritional needs of infants, children, elders, and other vulnerable populations in their neighborhoods. HD13.5 Seek to expand access to healthy food by encouraging CW Provide access to healthy food by encouraging better 287 better distribution and marketing of healthy options in a greater diversity of places and by addressing nutrition standards in City purchasing programs. 2.5 distribution and marketing of healthy options throughout the city and by addressing nutrition standards in programs supported by the City. HD13.6 Encourage local food production, processing, and distribution through the support of home and community gardens, farmers markets, community kitchens, and other collaborative initiatives to provide healthy foods, promote food security, and build community. CW 2.6 Encourage local food production, processing, and distribution through the support of home and community gardens, farmers’ markets, community kitchens, and other collaborative initiatives to provide healthy foods and promote food security. HD13.7 Consider using City land, including parks and surplus property, to expand our capacity to grow, process, distribute, and access local foods. CW 2.7 Consider using City land to expand the capacity to grow, process, distribute, and access local food, particularly for distribution to households in need. HDG4 Promote an excellent education system and opportunities for life-long learning for all Seattle residents. CW G4 Support an education system and opportunities for lifelong learning that strengthen literacy and employability for all Seattleites. HDG4.5 Strengthen educational opportunities for all Seattle students. HDG5 Promote development of literacy and employability among Seattle residents. HD14 Encourage parent, volunteer, business and community support for education and their involvement in schools. CW 4.3 Encourage parent, volunteer, business, and community support for education and involvement in schools. HD15 Strive to support families so their children can be ready to learn as they enter school. Help CW 4.1 Create equitable access to high-quality early-learning services, and support families 288 coordinate service delivery to families And their children through school-linked programs and support services. HD16 HD17 Work with the Seattle Public Schools to create safe learning environments in and after school that promote academic and personal achievement for all children. Recognize that community-based learning through service projects has value both to the student and the community. Work with schools, libraries, community centers, agencies and organizations to link services into a seamless system that helps students stay in school, including co-location and joint use of facilities to make a broader variety of services available to students. so that their children are prepared for school. CW 4.4 Support Seattle Public Schools’ efforts to create safe learning environments in and after school that promote academic and personal achievement for all children and youth. CW4.5 Support opportunities for community-based learning through service projects that have value to both the students and the community. CW 4.2 Support schools’ efforts to develop culturally competent disciplinary practices that keep children engaged with their schools, while still requiring behavioral accountability. CW 4.7 Support programs that help people who have dropped out or are at risk of dropping out of high school to achieve education, personal, and employment goals. CW 4.6 Work with schools, higher education institutions, libraries, community centers, and arts and cultural agencies and organizations to link services into a seamless system that helps students stay in school, such as through colocation of services and joint use of facilities. 289 HD18 Enhance opportunities for increased access to literacy development and English-as a Second Language (ESL) resources. CW 4.8 Provide literacy development and related resources for English-language learners. HD19 Work with community colleges, universities and other institutions of higher learning to promote life-long learning opportunities for community members and encourage the broadest possible use of libraries, community centers, schools, and other existing facilities throughout the city, focusing on development of these resources in urban villages areas. CW 4.9 Work with colleges, universities, other institutions of higher learning, and community-based organizations to promote lifelong learning opportunities and encourage the broadest possible access to libraries, community centers, schools, and other existing facilities throughout the city. HD20 Work with schools and other CW educational institutions, 4.10 community-based organizations, businesses and other governments to develop strong linkages between education and training programs and employability development resources. Work with schools, libraries, and other educational institutions, community-based organizations, businesses, labor unions, and other governments to develop strong educational and training programs that provide pathways to successful employment. CW 4.11 Support youth-based jobtraining opportunities that provide classes, coaching, and the development of skills leading to jobs with livable wages. CW G3 Create a healthy environment where community members of all ages, stages of life, and life circumstances are able to aspire to and achieve a healthy life, are well nourished, and have access to HDG6 Create a healthy environment where all community members, including those currently struggling with homelessness, mental illness and chemical dependence, are able to aspire to and achieve a healthy life, are well nourished, and have access 290 to affordable health care. affordable health care. HD21 Encourage Seattle residents to adopt healthy and active lifestyles to improve their general health and well-being to increase their number of healthy years lived. Provide opportunities for people to participate in fitness and recreational activities and to enjoy available open space. CW 3.1 Encourage Seattleites to adopt healthy and active lifestyles to improve their general physical and mental health and well-being and to promote healthy aging. Provide information about and promote access to affordable opportunities for people to participate in fitness and recreational activities and to enjoy the outdoors. HD22 Work toward the reduction of health risks and behaviors leading to chronic and infectious diseases and infant mortality, with particular emphasis on populations disproportionately affected by these conditions. CW 3.2 Work toward the reduction of health risks and behaviors leading to chronic and infectious diseases and infant mortality, with particular emphasis on populations disproportionally affected by these conditions. HD22.5 Collaborate with community organizations and health providers to advocate at the State level for expanded access to health insurance and to expanded coverage for preventive care and long-term CW 3.3 Collaborate with Public Health—Seattle & King County, private hospitals, and community health clinics to maximize access to health care coverage for preventive care, behavioral health, and long-term care. HD23 Work to reduce environmental threats and hazards to health in the workplace, at home and at play. a. Make use of the City’s building and fire codes, food licensing and permit processes, and hazardous materials and smoking regulations for fire and life safety protection. b. Collaborate through joint efforts among City 291 agencies, such as fire, police, and construction and land use to address health and safety issues in a more efficient manner. c. Prepare land use plans in ways that support development and design that promote physical activities, use safe materials, and protect water and air quality. HD24 Seek to improve the quality and equity of access to health care, including physical and mental health, emergency medical, and addiction services. CW 3.4 Seek to improve the quality and equity of access to health care, including physical and mental health, emergency medical care, addiction services, and long-term care by with community organizations and health providers to advocate for quality health care and broader accessibility to services. CW 3.5 Support access to preventive interventions at agencies that serve the homeless, mentally ill, and chemically dependent populations. CW 3.6 Support efforts to reduce exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke in indoor and outdoor areas, particularly where vulnerable populations, such as children and seniors, a. Collaborate with community organizations and health providers to advocate for quality health care and broader accessibility to services. b. Pursue co-location of programs and services, particularly in under-served areas and in urban village areas. HD24.5 Support increased access to preventive interventions at agencies that serve the homeless, mentally ill and chemically dependent populations. Pursue co-location of health services at these and other agencies serving those disproportionately affected by disease. 292 are likely to be present. CW 3.7 Require healthy building methods and materials in Cityfunded projects, and encourage private development to use construction methods and materials that result in healthy indoor environments for all Seattleites. HD25 Work with other jurisdictions, institutions, health care providers and community organizations to develop a strong continuum of community-based long-term care services. CW 3.3 Collaborate with Public Health—Seattle & King County, private hospitals, and community health clinics to maximize access to health care coverage for preventive care, behavioral health, and long-term care. HDG7 Strive to reduce violence and fear of crime. CW G5 Reduce violence and the incidence of crimes, and increase the sense of security throughout the city. CW 5.1 Coordinate across City departments and with other agencies to address violence, abuse, and exploitation and to hold offenders accountable. CW 5.2 Plan and implement best and promising practices that focus on preventing violence. CW 5.3 Ensure that violence prevention, violence intervention, and offender accountability programs are culturally and linguistically appropriate. CW 5.4 Increase awareness of all forms of violence and abuse and the resources that exist to assist in dealing with these 293 issues. CW 5.5 HDG8 Emphasize education, prevention, and early intervention to reduce the risk of exposure to negative health impacts, violence, and injury. Help individuals, families, neighborhoods, and communities participate in addressing their safety concerns. Moved to the Discussion section of this Element. HDG8.1 Promote the health and wellbeing of all women, children and families in Seattle by moving toward the elimination of unintended pregnancy. HDG8.2 Achieve an increased sense of security and a decrease in the per capita incidence of crimes, as indicated by decreased homicides, aggravated assaults, residential burglaries, and auto theft; increased perception of police presence; and decreased perception of crime. CWG5 Reduce violence and the incidence of crimes, and increase the sense of security throughout the city. HD26 Encourage efforts that enhance strong family relationships and healthy child development and work in partnership with the state, King County and community agencies to prevent violence and injury, in areas such as child abuse, sexual assault, domestic violence, firearms injury, and violence associated with substance abuse. CW 5.6 Encourage efforts that enhance strong family relationships and healthy child development to help prevent child abuse, sexual assault, and domestic violence. Encourage a policing strategy that works in partnership with CW HD27 Work in partnership with state, county, and community agencies to prevent violence, including that associated with substance abuse, and firearms injuries. CW 5.7 Encourage a policing strategy that works in partnership with 294 the community to reduce crime 5.8 through prevention, education and enforcement, and encourages communities to build block-by-block networks to prevent crime, develop social networks, and solve common problems. HD27.1 Promote the availability of comprehensive family planning services for all Seattle residents, regardless of income, age or background. HD28 Strive to provide competent, professional and efficient City criminal justice services, including law enforcement, prosecution and adjudication. Seek to: find and hold accountable those who commit crimes; reduce recidivism; and achieve a fair and just system. HD28.1 the community to reduce crime through education and enforcement. CW 5.9 Encourage communities to build block-by-block networks to prevent crime, develop social networks, and solve common problems. CW 5.10 Provide competent, professional, and efficient City criminal-justice services that hold those who commit crimes accountable, reduce recidivism, and achieve a fair and just outcome. CW 5.11 Work in partnership with the state, King County, and community organizations to connect local detention facilities with the health and human service systems. Encourage community support for family planning efforts such as making available ageappropriate comprehensive sexuality education and increasing awareness of the community impact associated with unintended pregnancy. 295 HD29 Work with neighborhood groups, community agencies and other levels of government to educate people about crime prevention, firearm safety, and organized neighborhood safety activities. Use the joint efforts of City agencies, such as fire, police and construction and land use, and community organizations to identify and address safety concerns. HD30 Make public safety a consideration in design and management of public spaces to prevent crime and fear in public facilities and gathering places, streets and parking and shopping areas. HD31 Enhance efforts that support informal monitoring, foster legitimate activities, and give people a sense of ownership and control over their neighborhood. HD31.1 Work with the state, King County and community organizations to maintain and promote effective, state-of-theart family planning strategies and programs. HD32 Strengthen the linkage between public safety and human services to encourage lawful behavior, reduce vulnerabilities of street populations, and address family violence and sexual assault. CW 5.12 Reinforce the linkage between public safety and human services to encourage lawful behavior, reduce vulnerabilities of street populations, and address family violence and sexual assault. 296 HD33 Strive to prevent youth crime and reduce youth violence and gang activity. CW 5.13 Strive to prevent youth crime, youth violence, and gang activity by promoting efforts that strengthen the community and create capacity for youth to be involved in programs and activities that are alternatives to crime and violence, and that provide a positive path for their lives. a. Promote efforts that increase youths’ attachment to the community, involvement in legitimate activities, commitment to and success in education and employment, and participation in the community. b. Support activities that are wholesome alternatives to crime and violence. c. Involve young people in discussions about community crime and prevention. Work with Seattle Public Schools to make schools safe places where all youth can experience success in education and preparation for future productive lives. CW 5.14 d. Work with the Seattle School District to make schools safe for all youth. CW 5.15 HD34 Strengthen the relationship between Seattle Public Schools and the Seattle Public Library to provide safe places outside of school for children and youth to learn, explore and connect with other educational, workforce and personal development opportunities. Work with the state and King County to focus criminal justice efforts on preventing the most seriously threatening and predatory crimes and violent drugrelated crimes. 297 HD35 Work with the state, King County and community organizations to connect local detention facilities with the health and human services systems. HD36 Recognize the interdependence among the courts, jails, prosecutors and police and encourage better coordination of resources. Promote sharing of information for greater efficiency in the criminal justice system. CW 5.16 Promote information sharing and resource coordination among the courts, jails, prosecutors, and police for greater efficiency and more equitable outcomes in the criminal-justice system. HD36.1 Periodically report on crime statistics and the public perception of safety to guide future decisions about programs and resource allocation that can help control crime and make Seattle residents feel safer in the city. CW 5.17 Report crime statistics periodically to guide future decisions about programs and resource allocation that can help control crime and make Seattleites feel safer in the city. HD37 Develop an increased level of emergency preparedness among all segments of the population to help coordinate governmental response and recovery efforts that seek to minimize the adversity of a major emergency or disaster. HD 2.10 Develop an increased level of emergency preparedness among all segments of the population to help coordinate governmental response and recovery efforts that seek to minimize the adversity of a major emergency or disaster. HDG9 Promote respect and appreciation for diversity, including economic, racial, cultural and individual differences. HDG10 Provide equal opportunity and fair access to services. CWG6 Provide equitable opportunity and access to services for all Seattleites. CWG7 Develop a flexible, comprehensive, coordinated, and efficient system of human 298 services that addresses the needs of people, families, and communities. HD38 Encourage community efforts that work toward achieving a diversity of ages, incomes, household types and sizes, and cultural backgrounds throughout the city and region. CW 6.4 Promote respect and appreciation for diversity of ability, age, culture, economic status, gender identity, national origin, race, religion, and sexual orientation, including economic, racial, cultural, and individual differences, and support efforts to achieve diversity throughout the city. HD39 In addition to upholding federal, state and local laws against discrimination and bias crimes, work to promote human rights and mutual respect and to end intolerance and divisiveness. Reach out and bring people together in ways that build bridges between individuals and between groups. CW 6.5 Promote race and social justice, human and civil rights, and mutual respect to reduce intolerance. HD40 Celebrate diversity through community activities and events that recognize different groups. Bring people together to experience and learn about ethnic and cultural traditions. Involve children, youth and adults of all ages in intergenerational activities to lend support to and learn from each other. CW 6.6 Celebrate the richness of diversity through cultural activities and events that bring people together to experience ethnic and cultural traditions. HD41 Work to improve access to City and community services and to remove obstacles that keep people from receiving the services they need. CW 6.1 Enhance opportunities for people with low incomes, disabilities, limited English, cultural barriers, time constraints, transportation limitations, and other barriers to gain access to services they a. Improve facility and 299 program accessibility through implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act. need. b. Enhance opportunities for people with low incomes, disabilities, limited Englishspeaking ability, and other barriers to service to participate fully in community life and to access assistance. HD42 Promote culturally responsive and relevant service delivery. Strive to ensure that Cityfunded agencies and services provide appropriate service. CW 6.2 Promote culturally responsive and relevant service delivery from City departments and other agencies, including translation and interpretation services. HD43 Provide opportunities for diverse representation of people and interests on City of Seattle boards, commissions, advisory committees, and in the neighborhood planning implementation. CW 6.3 Provide opportunities for, and actively recruit, diverse representation on City boards, commissions, and advisory committees that contribute to City decision-making. HDG11 Develop a more flexible, comprehensive, coordinated and efficient system of services that addresses whole needs of people, families and communities. CW 7.7 Develop a flexible, comprehensive, coordinated, and efficient system of human services that addresses the needs of people, families, and communities. HD44 Encourage cooperative planning, decision-making and funding for health and human service delivery throughout the region. Join with other public and private institutions in the region to strive for a stable and adequate funding base for services that support safe and healthy communities. CW 7.1 Encourage cooperative planning, decision-making, and funding for health and human service delivery throughout the region. CW 7.2 Join with other public and private institutions in the region to develop a stable and adequate funding base for services that support safe and healthy communities. 300 HD45 Promote effective, efficient community-based and community-delivered services using a combination of public, private, community and personal resources. HD46 Strive to provide better and more coordinated information to people about the availability of services in the community and make use of available and new technologies to improve access to services and information. CW 7.3 Strive to disseminate more coordinated information about the availability of services in the community. HD47 Encourage customer-focused services with feedback from those who use them and involvement of consumers in identifying needs and planning for service delivery. CW 7.4 Develop customer-focused services, using feedback from participants, and involve consumers in identifying needs and planning for service delivery. HD48 Encourage connections between services that coordinate, link and integrate public, private and community-based services. Facilitate collaboration of programs through the use of City funding. HD49 Encourage consideration of issues like transportation and the need for dependent care in planning for health, human services, employment and recreation programs. CW 7.5 Consider related issues, such as transportation and the need for dependent care, when planning for health, human services, employment, education, and recreation programs. HD50 Encourage neighborhood CW organizations to address a broad 7.6 range of human issues in a context of both neighborhood strengths and needs to identify solutions to service concerns and find ways to make service Encourage neighborhood organizations to address a broad range of human service issues to match neighborhood or community strengths and needs, and to identify solutions that make service 301 delivery more accessible and user-friendly. HD51 Work to ensure equitable sharing and siting of facilities in ways that promote access and efficient use of community resources. a. Use siting policies and good neighbor guidelines to strive for distribution of services that considers the needs of consumers and the community and focuses growth in urban village areas. delivery more relevant, responsive, accessible, and user-friendly. CW 7.7 Site new human service facilities in or near urban centers and villages, and use good-neighbor guidelines that consider the needs of consumers and the community. CW 7.8 Encourage use of existing facilities and co-location of services, including joint use of schools and City and community facilities, to make services available in underserved areas and in urban village areas. CW 7.9 Collaborate with community organizations and other jurisdictions to advocate for strong health, human service, and public safety systems, including services for mental health and substance abuse. CW 7.10 Identify and implement effective ways to measure program performance and results, balancing accountability and efficiency with the need to encourage service innovation. b. Encourage use of existing facilities and co-location of services, including joint use of schools and City and community facilities, to make services more available in urban village areas. HD52 Collaborate with community organizations and other jurisdictions to advocate for strong health, human service and public safety systems, including services for which the City does not carry primary responsibility, such as mental health and substance abuse. HD53 Seek effective ways to measure program performance and results, balancing accountability and efficiency with the need to encourage service innovation. HD54 Consider the special needs of teens and young adults in planning and designing 302 community facilities and programs; increase awareness of programs and activities available to teens and young adults, and directly seek information from this group on how programs and activities can be improved to better meet their needs. HD55 Together with community partners, the City will establish and monitor key indicators of overall social and health conditions. 303 Neighborhood Planning Element Current Current Language New # New Language NG1 Recognize neighborhood planning and implementation as critical tools for refining and turning into a reality the vision of the Comprehensive Plan. NPG1 Help fulfill the Comprehensive Plan’s values, vision, and goals by maintaining plans for neighborhoods where growth is expected to occur and by including strategies that address the specific growth and equity issues that are appropriate to each neighborhood. NG2 Give all community members the opportunity to participate in shaping the future of their neighborhoods. NP 1.2 Engage a wide range of people from the neighborhood in each neighborhood-planning process, including homeowners, renters, business owners, and employees, with special emphasis on groups that have historically been underrepresented NG3 Develop neighborhood plans for NP all areas of the city expected to 1.1 take significant amounts of growth. Such a plan should reflect the neighborhood’s history, character, current conditions, needs, values, vision and goals. Permit other areas interested in developing neighborhood plans to undertake neighborhood planning. In areas not expected to take significant amounts of growth encourage limited scopes of work that focus on specific issues or concerns, rather than broad multi-focused planning processes. Prioritize neighborhood planning in areas expecting or experiencing significant change, primarily urban centers and urban villages, especially those that have not equitably benefited from the city’s growth. 304 Notes NG4 Define clearly the role that NP adopted neighborhood plan 1.3 goals and policies, neighborhood plan work-plan matrices, and recognized neighborhood plans play in the City’s decision-making and resource allocation. Develop neighborhood plans to be consistent with this Plan’s vision, and use neighborhood plans to focus on improvements that will help each neighborhood fulfill this Plan’s vision for a growing and equitable city. NG5 Foster collaborative relationships between citizens and the City. NP 1.6 Support neighborhood-plan implementation to encourage healthy urban environments and to promote continued collaboration between the City and neighborhood groups. NG6 Build strong, effective strategies for developing and implementing neighborhood plans NP 1.4 Use an integrated planning approach that involves relevant City departments to create strong, effective strategies for developing and implementing neighborhood plans. NG7 Help to realize the intent of neighborhood plans for areas that will accommodate the bulk of the city’s growth NP 1.5 Consider neighborhood-plan recommendations when prioritizing City capital investments and service allocations. 1. through adoption into the Comprehensive Plan of Neighborhood Plan goals and policies, 2. by striving to implement the work plan matrix adopted with each plan, and 3. by recognizing each community’s desires, reflected in its proposed neighborhood plan document. N1 The policies in this element are intended to guide neighborhood planning for areas that are 305 designated through the Comprehensive Plan to accommodate significant proportions of Seattle’s growth, as well as other areas. N2 Maintain consistency between neighborhood plans and the Comprehensive Plan. In the event of an inconsistency between the comprehensive plan and a proposed neighborhood plan, consider either amendments to the comprehensive plan which are consistent with its core values, or amendments to the neighborhood plan. N3 Either community organizations or the City may initiate neighborhood plans with City support, to the extent provided in the City’s annual budget. N4 Neighborhood Plans for Areas with an Urban Village, Urban Center, or Manufacturing/Industrial Center: A. Each neighborhood plan for areas with an urban village or center must address the following topics: land use, transportation, housing, capital facilities and utilities. Those undertaking a neighborhood plan may conclude that the Comprehensive Plan adequately expresses the vision and goals of the neighborhood for any of these topics. When this occurs, the neighborhood plan need only provide that the corresponding Comprehensive Plan element constitutes the 306 policy for the neighborhood plan. In addition, the development of a neighborhood plan could include other elements or neighborhood specific policy recommendations important to the neighborhood (i.e. Cultural Resources, Environment, etc.) B. Each neighborhood plan containing urban village or center must: 1. identify the boundaries of the urban village or center in conformance with the description of urban villages and centers in this plan 2. describe growth targets for the affected center or village; and 3. prepare transportation, capital facilities and utilities inventories and analyses for the designated urban village or center. N5 Adopt into the Comprehensive Plan portions of any neighborhood or subarea plan that the City Council determines should be incorporated into the Comprehensive Plan and that are consistent with this plan. N6 Require that the following be taken into consideration in establishing future planning area boundaries: 1. Areas defined by a strong historical, cultural, geographic, or business relationships. 2. Natural or built barriers (e.g., I-5, major topography change). 307 3. Manageable size of area, manageable complexity of issues for resources available. 4. Generally agreed upon neighborhood boundaries. 5. The Urban Village Strategy. 6. The appropriateness of the area for the issues being addressed in the plan. N7 Establish basic guidelines for creating and updating neighborhood plans that ensure an inclusive, collaborative and effective approach. Provide guidelines for things such as how to develop public participation processes, make plans with realistic expectations, and monitor implementation of the plans over time. N8 Neighborhood planning processes and plans may vary, reflecting the different characteristics, interests and perspectives of community members, while meeting basic guidelines for neighborhood planning. N9 Encourage collaborative neighborhood planning that involves simultaneous consideration of City and neighborhood goals and strategies, and includes representatives for both the City and neighborhoods working together. NP1.6 Support neighborhood-plan implementation to encourage healthy urban environments and to promote continued collaboration between the City and neighborhood groups. N10 Establish a firm and clear relationship between the City’s budgeting processes and NP1.5 Consider neighborhood-plan recommendations when prioritizing City capital 308 adopted neighborhood plans and, using the biennial budget, demonstrate how the urban village strategy is being carried out. N11 Assess as part of the City’s budget process, neighborhood plan implementation needs and resources, taking into consideration the results of implementation activities for each area and public input into the budget process. N12 Use adopted neighborhood plan goals and policies and the City’s neighborhood plan work plan matrices to help balance between competing goals in City decision making and the allocation of budget resources. N13 Consider recommendations from neighborhood plans in the context of Seattle as a whole. Incorporate such requests into City prioritization processes, as appropriate, for capital expenditures and other decision making recognizing the City’s legal, administrative and fiscal constraints. N14 When allocating resources to implement neighborhood plans, at a minimum consider the following factors: investments and service allocations. • Where the greatest degree of change is occurring; • Where growth has exceeded current infrastructure capacities; • Where there is a deficit in meeting service levels called for 309 by the Comprehensive Plan or the expectation of other City policies or agency plans; • Where there is an urban center or urban village designation; • Where the neighborhood plan goals and policies or work plan matrix have specific prioritized plan recommendations endorsed by the City; • Where resources would help spur growth in urban centers or urban villages; • Where there are opportunities to leverage other resources, or partnerships; • Where the resource would address priorities of more than one neighborhood; and • Where the impact of a single, large activity generator will have detrimental effects on the infrastructure capacities of the neighborhood. N15 In implementing neighborhood plans, work with neighborhood groups to refine and prioritize recommendations in light of changing circumstances and consistent with the adopted goals and policies of each neighborhood plan. N16 Permit the addition of new strategies, including regulatory changes, through the neighborhood plan implementation process when existing tools are inadequate to meet implementation needs. 310 N17 Support and encourage the incorporation of cultural elements, such as public art and historic resources, in the implementation of neighborhood plans. In future planning efforts, include a broad range of creative skills to improve the value of the neighborhood projects. N18 Monitor progress toward implementing Council adopted neighborhood plans and communicate results to City officials, neighborhood planning participants and interested citizens. N19 Support neighborhood plan stewardship with the goal of promoting continued cooperation between the City and local neighborhoods in implementing adopted neighborhood plan goals and policies, carrying out neighborhood plan work plan activities and implementing this Comprehensive Plan. NP1.6 Support neighborhood-plan implementation to encourage healthy urban environments and to promote continued collaboration between the City and neighborhood groups. These efforts should be directed toward not only accomplishing specific projects, but also toward fostering the ability of neighborhoods to inspire people with the energy, interest and ability to work collaboratively with the City in implementing neighborhood plans. Goals and Policies associated with individual neighborhood plans have been moved into the Neighborhood Plans section of the Recommended Comprehensive Plan. 311 Container Port Element Current Current Language New # New Language Notes CPG1 (GOAL) Maintain viable and thriving import and export activities in the city as a vital component of the city’s and the region’s economic base. new CP1 Help preserve cargo container activities by CP 1.1 retaining industrial designations on land that supports marine and rail- related industries including industrial land adjacent to rail or water-dependent transportation facilities. Help preserve cargo-container activities by retaining industrial designations on land that supports marine- and rail-related industries, including industrial land adjacent to rail- or water-dependent transportation facilities. CP2 Continue to monitor the land area needs, CP1.2 including for expansion, of cargo containerrelated activities and take action to prevent the loss of needed land that can serve these activities. Continue to monitor the land area needs, including those related to expansion of cargo container–related activities, and take action to prevent the loss of land needed to serve these activities. CP3 Discourage non-industrial land uses, such as retail and residential, in industrially-zoned areas to minimize conflicts between uses and to prevent conversion of industrial land in the vicinity of cargo container terminals or their support facilities. CP1.3 Discourage nonindustrial land uses, such as retail and residential, in industrially zoned areas to minimize conflicts between uses and to prevent conversion of industrial land in the vicinity of cargo-container terminals or their support facilities. CP4 Consider how zoning designations may CP1.4 affect the definition of highest and best use, with the goal of maintaining the jobs and revenue that cargo container activities generate and to protect scarce industrial land supply for cargo container industries, such as marine and rail-related industries. Consider how zoning designations may affect the definition of highest and best use, with the goal of maintaining the jobs and revenue that cargo-container activities generate and protecting scarce industrial land supply for cargo-container industries, such as marine- and rail-related industries. CP5 Consider the value of transition areas at the CP1.5 edges of general industrial zones which allow a wider range of uses while not creating conflicts with preferred cargo container activities and uses. In this context, zoning provisions such as locational criteria and development standards are among the Consider the value of transition areas— which allow a wider range of uses while not creating conflicts with preferred cargocontainer activities and uses—at the edges of general industrial zones. In this context, zoning provisions such as locational criteria and development standards are among the 312 tools for defining such edge areas. CP6 tools for defining such edge areas. Monitor, maintain and improve key freight corridors, networks and intermodal connections that provide access to cargo container facilities and the industrial areas around them to address bottlenecks and other access constraints. Provide safe, reliable, efficient and direct access between Port marine facilities and the state highway or interstate system, and between Port terminals and railroad intermodal facilities, recognizing that Port operations must address other transportation needs, such as pedestrian safety. CP 1.6 Monitor, maintain, and improve key freight corridors, networks, and intermodal connections that provide access to cargo-container facilities and the industrial areas around them to address bottlenecks and other access constraints. CP 1.7 Provide safe, reliable, efficient, and direct access between Port marine facilities and the state highway or interstate system, and between Port terminals and railroad intermodal facilities, recognizing that Port operations must address other transportation needs, such as pedestrian safety. CP7 Make operational, design, access and capital investments to accommodate trucks and maintain successful railroad operations and preserve mobility of goods and services. Improvements may include, but are not limited to, improvement of pavement conditions, commute trip reduction strategies, including through transportation management associations, roadway rechannelization to minimize modal conflicts, use of intelligent transportation systems, construction of critical facility links, and grade separation of modes, especially at heavily used railroad crossings. CP1.8 Make operational, design, access, and capital investments to accommodate trucks and railroad operations and preserve mobility of goods and services. Improvements may include improvement of pavement conditions, commute trip reduction strategies, roadway rechannelization to minimize modal conflicts, use of intelligent transportation systems, construction of critical facility links, and grade separation of modes, especially at heavily used railroad crossings. CP8 Maintain the City’s classification of “Major Truck Streets.” Because freight is important to the basic economy of the City and has unique right-of-way needs to support that role, freight will be the major priority on streets CP 1.9 Maintain a City classification for freight routes to indicate routes where freight will be the major priority. Street improvements that are consistent with freight mobility but also support other modes may be considered in these 313 classified as Major Truck Streets. Street improvements that are consistent with freight mobility but also support other modes may be considered in these streets. streets. CP9 Identify emerging cargo container freight transportation issues and work with affected stakeholder groups, including the Seattle Freight Advisory Board. Provide regular opportunities for communication between the City, the freight community, other affected communities, and other agencies and stakeholders. CP 1.10 Identify emerging cargo-container freight transportation issues by working with affected stakeholder groups, including the Seattle Freight Advisory Board. Provide regular opportunities for communication between the City, the freight community, other affected communities, and other agencies and stakeholders. CP10 Continue joint City and Port efforts to implement relevant Port recommendations such as recommendations contained in the Container Terminal Access Study. CP 1.11 Continue joint City and Port efforts to implement relevant Port recommendations, such as recommendations contained in the Container Terminal Access Study. CP11 Given the importance of cargo CP 1.12 container terminal operations to the state and regional economies, develop partnerships within the City, the Port, the region and the State to advocate for project prioritization and timely funding to improve and maintain freight infrastructure, and explore funding partnerships. Given the importance of cargo container– terminal operations to the state and regional economies, develop partnerships within the City, the Port, the region, and the State to advocate for project prioritization and timely funding to improve and maintain freight infrastructure, and explore funding partnerships. CP12 Maintain consistency between local, regional and State freight-related policies. CP 1.13 Maintain consistency between local, regional, and State freight-related policies. CP13 Encourage the siting of new businesses CP 1.14 that support the goals for cargo container activities in designated Manufacturing /Industrial Centers. CP14 Work cooperatively with other CP 1.15 314 Encourage the siting of new businesses that support the goals for cargo-container activities in the City’s manufacturing/industrial centers. Work cooperatively with other agencies to agencies to address the effects of major land use and transportation projects to avoid or mitigate construction and operational effects on the cargo container industry sector. address the effects of major land use and transportation projects to avoid or mitigate construction and operational effects on the cargo container–industry sector. CP15 Facilitate the creation of coalitions of CP 1.16 industrial businesses, vocational training and other educational institutions and public agencies to help develop training programs to move trained workers into cargo container related jobs. Facilitate the creation of coalitions of industrial businesses, vocational training and other educational institutions, and public agencies to help develop training programs to move trained workers into cargo container–related jobs. CP16 Identify opportunities to achieve economic, community, and environmental benefits from the development and operations of cargo container related activities. CP 1.17 Identify opportunities to achieve economic, Equity community, and environmental benefits from language the development and operations of cargo added container–related activities, including access to employment for historically excluded populations. CP17 Form partnerships with non-profit, community-based, private and public stakeholders to establish environmental improvement goals, including carbon emission reductions, storm water management, redevelopment and cleanup of existing marine industrial properties, sustainable design, and fish and wildlife habitat improvements. Develop strategies to achieve these goals that include developing funding mechanisms and legislative support. CP 1.18 Form partnerships with non-profit, community-based, private, and public stakeholders to establish environmental improvement goals, including carbon dioxide emission reductions, stormwater management, redevelopment and clean-up of existing marine industrial properties, sustainable design, and fish- and wildlifehabitat improvements. Develop strategies to achieve these goals that include developing funding mechanisms and legislative support. CP18 Work with non-profit, community-based, private and public stakeholders to formulate plans for public open space, shoreline access, and fish and wildlife habitat improvements that incorporate community needs and area-wide habitat priorities with the need to maintain CP 1.19 Work with nonprofit, community-based, private, and public stakeholders to formulate plans for public open space, shoreline access, and fish- and wildlife-habitat improvements that incorporate community needs and areawide habitat priorities with the need to maintain sufficient existing marine industrial 315 sufficient existing marine industrial lands for present and anticipated cargo container needs. lands for present and anticipated cargocontainer needs. 316