OFFICE OF THE DISTRICT ATTORNEY
August 18, 2016

REPORT ON THE MARCH 28, 2015,
SHOOTING OF MEAGAN HOCKADAY
BY OXNARD POLICE OFFICER ROGER GARCIA

GREGORY D. TOTTEN
DISTRICT ATTORNEY
COUNTY OF VENTURA

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1

II.

STATEMENT OF FACTS .................................................................................... 3
A. 911 Call ............................................................................................................ 3
B. Audio from Officer Roger Garcia’s Recorder.................................................. 4
C. Witness Statements .......................................................................................... 4
1. Luis Morado ................................................................................................ 5
2. Officer Roger Garcia................................................................................. 11
3. Paramedic Andrew Milligan ..................................................................... 11
4. Hockaday and Morado’s Children ............................................................ 11
5. Monique Wallace ...................................................................................... 12
6. Maria Consuelo Morado ........................................................................... 12
7. Raymundo Morado ................................................................................... 13

III.

PHYSICAL EVIDENCE ..................................................................................... 13
A. Crime Scene ................................................................................................... 13
B. Autopsy .......................................................................................................... 17
C. Firearms Analysis .......................................................................................... 18
D. Toxicology Report ......................................................................................... 19
E. DNA Analysis ................................................................................................ 19

IV.

LEGAL PRINCIPLES ......................................................................................... 19
A. Law of Homicide and Self-Defense............................................................... 19
B. Meagan Hockaday’s Criminal Conduct ......................................................... 22

V.

ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................... 22

VI.

CONCLUSION .................................................................................................... 27

i

 I.
INTRODUCTION
On March 28, 2015, at approximately 12:54 a.m., Oxnard Police Department Dispatch
received a call regarding a domestic dispute at 501 West Vineyard Avenue, apartment
574, in the city of Oxnard. The caller, Luis Morado, requested that a police officer be
sent to his address. Morado reported that his wife, Meagan Hockaday, had hit him.
Morado also reported Hockaday was under the influence of alcohol. The dispatcher
heard screaming during Morado’s call.

Officer Roger Garcia, who was working uniform patrol, responded to the call for service.
Officer Garcia was the first officer to arrive on scene. Officer Garcia made contact with
Morado at the open front door of the apartment. Morado was not wearing a shirt.
Morado had visible injuries to his chest. Officer Garcia asked Morado, “What are you
guys doing?” Morado replied, “Look what she’s doing.” Morado added, “I’m not even
doing anything.” Officer Garcia instructed Morado to sit down. Officer Garcia then
addressed Hockaday. Garcia said, “Ma’am. Ma’am.” Hockaday replied, “No.”
Hockaday retreated inside the apartment to the kitchen, which was not visible from
Officer Garcia’s position near the front door. Morado told Officer Garcia, “She’s going
to get a knife. She’s going to get a knife.” Hockaday came back into Officer Garcia’s
view and was holding a fixed-blade serrated kitchen knife in her hand. The blade of the
knife was approximately 5 ½ inches in length.

Hockaday charged towards Morado and Officer Garcia with the knife in her hand.
Morado, in fear of Hockaday, ran past Officer Garcia and towards the front door of the
apartment. Hockaday continued to advance with the knife in her hand towards Morado
and Officer Garcia. As Hockaday advanced, Officer Garcia discharged his firearm four
times causing her to fall to the ground. Two rounds were later located within Hockaday’s
body and two more rounds were located within the apartment.

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 Less than 20 seconds passed between Officer Garcia making contact with Morado at the
front door, Hockaday advancing with the knife towards Morado and Officer Garcia, and
Officer Garcia firing his weapon.

Officer Garcia broadcast on the radio that shots were fired. Emergency medical
personnel as well as additional officers from the Oxnard Police Department responded to
the scene. At 1:19 a.m., Hockaday was pronounced deceased at the scene by emergency
medical personnel.

Morado and Hockaday had three children together, ranging in age from seven months to
four years. The couple’s four-year-old and two-year-old children were near the den of
the apartment during the shooting. The infant was in the bedroom. None of the children
were physically harmed during the incident.
Based on analysis conducted by the Ventura County Sheriff’s Office Forensic Sciences
Laboratory, Hockaday was no more than 15 inches away from the muzzle of Officer
Garcia’s gun when Officer Garcia fired the shots. Based on the location of the bullets,
Hockaday was swinging the knife with her right arm at the time she was shot.
An analysis of Hockaday’s blood by the Ventura County Sheriff’s Office Forensic
Sciences Laboratory revealed Hockaday’s blood alcohol content was 0.20 percent.

The District Attorney’s Office has a 24-hour, on-call, officer-involved shooting team
available to all Ventura County law enforcement agencies to assist in the investigation of
officer-involved shootings. Once the District Attorney’s Office was notified of the
shooting, Senior Deputy District Attorney Andrea Tischler and Senior District Attorney
Investigator Adam Wittkins responded to the shooting scene and consulted with the
investigating officers.

The Oxnard Police Department conducted an investigation of the shooting, which
included interviewing witnesses, collecting physical evidence, and photographing the
area of the shooting.
2

 On February 26, 2016, the Oxnard Police Department’s investigation reports were
submitted to the District Attorney’s Office for a determination of whether the shooting of
Meagan Hockaday was justified and, if not, whether criminal charges should be filed.
The scope of the District Attorney’s review was limited to those issues.

Senior Deputy District Attorney Tom Dunlevy was assigned to review this case. He
examined approximately 750 pages of reports, materials, and recordings, including
interviews of police and civilian witnesses, diagrams, photographs, records, and radio
transmissions, and authored this report. The District Attorney met with the family of
Meagan Hockaday, at their request, to discuss the investigation on June 17, 2016.
Additional investigation and review was requested, undertaken, and completed on or
about July 12, 2016.

Based on the evidence available for review, the District Attorney’s independent
investigation, and the applicable legal authorities, it is the opinion of the District Attorney
that the shooting of Meagan Hockaday by Oxnard Police Officer Roger Garcia was
justified and not a criminal act.

II.
STATEMENT OF FACTS
A. 911 Call

At 12:54 a.m. on March 28, 2015, Luis Morado placed a call to 911. The call was
recorded. When asked to state his emergency, Morado told the dispatcher to send a
police officer. Morado told the dispatcher he lived at 501 West Vineyard Avenue,
apartment 574. Morado said a “domestic dispute” was occurring. Morado identified the
perpetrator as his wife, Meagan Hockaday. Morado reported Hockaday was under the
influence of alcohol. Morado said he drank some beer but indicated he was not
intoxicated. Morado told dispatch there were kids in the house. Morado said it was “too
much for the kids to handle.” He reported Hockaday hit him and went on to add, “You
can see right now when the police officer comes.” At various points during the call,

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 Hockaday could be heard screaming in the background. Dispatch advised that officers
were on their way and the call ended.

B.

Audio from Officer Roger Garcia’s Recorder

Officer Garcia’s recording device captured audio of the incident, beginning with Officer
Garcia’s initial contact. Officer Garcia made contact with Morado and Hockaday by
asking, “What are you guys doing?” Morado responded, “No. Hey! Hey! Look. Look
what she’s doing! Look!” Morado said, “Look! Look! See? I’m not even doing
anything. Look!” Officer Garcia asked Morado to take a seat. Officer Garcia then
attempted to address Hockaday. Officer Garcia said, “Ma’am. Ma’am.” Hockaday
replied, “No.” Morado then said, “She’s gonna get a knife. She’s gonna get a knife.”
The sound of four gunshots being fired can be heard on the recording approximately 17
seconds after Officer Garcia initially asked, “What are you guys doing?” Following the
sound of gunfire, Morado stated, “Don’t shoot her!”

The audio recording continues with Officer Garcia advising dispatch of the shooting and
requesting emergency medical services for Hockaday. Shortly after radioing dispatch,
Officer Garcia told Hockaday, “All right. Ma’am? Ma’am? We got it. We
got…Ma’am? We’ve got someone to help you out ok? We got someone to help you out
all right?” Officer Garcia went on to say, “We got someone on the way ok? Stay with
me all right? Stay with me!”

C.

Witness Statements

Numerous individuals were interviewed, including the involved officers, emergency
medical personnel, and civilian witnesses. Summaries of the most pertinent witness
statements are set forth below.

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 1.

Luis Morado

Detective Martin Perez spoke briefly with Morado on March 28, 2015. Detective Perez
interviewed Morado in greater detail later that same day at the Oxnard Police
Department.

During the interview at the Oxnard Police Department, Morado provided background on
the history of his relationship with Hockaday. Morado said he met Hockaday in 2007
and shortly thereafter they became a couple. Morado described an incident that occurred
on July 4, 2009, during which both he and Hockaday had been drinking. Morado
admitted to striking Hockaday with the back of his hand during an argument. This
incident was reported to police when it occurred. Morado was subsequently charged
with, and pled guilty to, a misdemeanor violation of Penal Code section 273.5(a), willful
infliction of corporal injury on a spouse or cohabitant. Morado successfully completed
probation, including attending 52 sessions of domestic violence counseling.

Morado indicated his relationship with Hockaday improved for some time. However,
after the birth of their second child, Hockaday experienced depression and anxiety.
Morado reported Hockaday began consuming alcohol more frequently. On August 14,
2014, Morado and Hockaday’s third child was born. Morado claimed Hockaday was
subsequently diagnosed as suffering from post-partum depression.

Morado reported that, around November 2014, Hockaday began making allegations
against Morado that he had molested their children. At that time, both Child and Family
Services and the Oxnard Police Department investigated Hockaday’s allegations. The
children denied having been abused or molested by Morado in each investigation. There
were no physical findings to corroborate a claim of sexual assault. On March 1, 2015, in
an effort to discuss her allegations, Officers James Kitka and John Martin contacted
Hockaday. In her interview, Hockaday said her suspicions were due to a motherly
feeling. Hockaday also said that her daughters were wetting the bed and sometimes
reporting soreness in the genital area. She admitted none of her daughters had disclosed

5

 any molestation to her. Officer Kitka noted Hockaday had severe mood swings during
this contact with her.

In the months leading up to the shooting, Hockaday continued to accuse Morado of
sexually abusing their children. Morado said Hockaday also began being physically
abusive towards him when she slapped him for the first time around Christmas 2014.
Morado also described another incident in January 2015 when they had been drinking
and Hockaday armed herself with a knife, brandishing it at Morado. During this incident,
while holding the knife in her hand, Hockaday told Morado, “You are a pussy. You can’t
even tell me the fucking truth. You are a fucking coward.” Due to the loud arguing,
police were called out that evening. However, Morado admitted he did not tell the
Oxnard police officers that Hockaday had brandished the knife at him, but only reported
a verbal dispute.

Morado then discussed the events that happened on March 27, 2015, the evening before
the shooting. Morada said Hockaday, their children, and he went to the residence of
Hockaday’s mother, Monique Wallace. Morado purchased a 12-pack of beer that day.
He estimated he drank two or three of the beers while Hockaday consumed the rest.
After watching a movie at Hockaday’s mother’s residence, Morado wanted to return
home. Hockaday disagreed and the two argued. Hockaday eventually permitted Morado
to drive them home, but insisted that Morado drive around first so Hockaday could listen
to music. Morado estimated Hockaday consumed two to three beers at her mother’s
residence and the rest of the beer on the drive home. Morado estimated he drove the
family around until between 12:30 and 1:00 a.m. on March 28, 2015, before returning to
their apartment complex and parking their van.

Morado reported that after he parked the vehicle, Hockaday became furious and slapped
him multiple times. She then began to throw items from the van at him including papers,
toys, and a diaper bag. Morado’s account was corroborated by Detective Mike Young’s
inspection of the vehicle and surrounding area, which revealed debris in and around the
vehicle. Detective Young also located a 12-pack of Modelo beer on the front passenger
floorboard. The beer pack contained four empty beer cans. Detective Young also located
6

 an empty 25-ounce can of Bud Light in a plastic bag on the floorboard of the second row
of the van.

Morado reported that while he was trying to get Hockaday out of the vehicle, Morado
grabbed her by the shoulders. Morado said when he released Hockaday, she tripped and
fell. After her fall, Hockaday appeared to be calm. The family went inside the
apartment. Once inside the apartment, Hockaday called her mother. Morado said the
children were standing next to Hockaday crying while she was on the phone. He saw
Hockaday pull their hair and tell them to go to sleep.
After Hockaday ended her conversation, Morado received a call from Hockaday’s mother
on Morado’s phone. Morado told Wallace what had occurred in the apartment parking
lot. Wallace instructed Morado to keep Hockaday at their apartment and put the girls to
sleep. According to Morado, Wallace said she was going to call Child Protective
Services on Hockaday so Hockaday could get some mental help. After finishing the
phone conversation with Wallace, Morado went to the den, where Morado and
Hockaday’s two-year-old and four-year-old daughters slept. When Morado left the living
room, Hockaday was sitting on the couch.

Morado turned off the lights and laid down in the den for a few minutes. Hockaday
turned on a light, which Morado believed was the kitchen light. Morado heard Hockaday
opening drawers in the kitchen and then come into Morado’s view. He saw that she had
armed herself with a knife in her right hand. Morado reported Hockaday is right-handed.
Hockaday extended the knife towards Morado, telling him, “Get over here you fucking
punk.” Morado approached Hockaday and grabbed her from behind to hold her.
Hockaday said, “You little fucking punk. Little coward. You are going to get what you
deserve.” Morado said he took the knife from Hockaday and threw it into the kitchen.
Morado reported he got cut when taking the knife from Hockaday. Officers observed and
photographed an injury to Morado’s hand consistent with his account (below.)

7

 Morado reported that after disarming Hockaday she began scratching, kicking, and
hitting him while chasing him around the living room. At some point during the struggle,
Morado removed his shirt because Hockaday had ripped it. Hockaday also ripped his
boxer shorts during the struggle. Officers observed and photographed injuries to
Morado’s torso consistent with his account (below.)

8

 Morado reported that Hockaday then grabbed a ceramic coffee cup and threw it at him.
Detective Jeff Kay observed coffee stains and a coffee cup near a wall on the living room
floor, corroborating Morado’s account.

At some point during the altercation, Morado reported that the couple’s children came out
of the den where they slept. Morado believed they were present for most of the
altercation. The two-year-old daughter was standing in an area adjacent to the living
room and the four-year-old daughter was going back and forth between the den and living
room. Morado was not able to say specifically where the two-year-old and four-year old
were located when shots were fired.

Morado said Hockaday attacked him again during which he was able to pin her to the
floor. He then called 911. While he was on the phone with Oxnard Police Department
dispatch, Morado reported Hockaday was screaming and still trying to hit him. Hockaday
can be heard screaming in the background as Morado placed the 911 call.

Morado told Hockaday the police were coming, at which point she left the room and
returned with a steak knife in her hand. Morado was able to take the knife from
Hockaday a second time and throw it on the floor. Morado believed he pinned Hockaday
down two or three more times during the course of the struggle but each time she was
able to get away from him. At one point, Morado opened the door waiting for police to
arrive and unsuccessfully tried to push Hockaday out the door. Hockaday continued to
attack Morado, scratching his arms and back while the apartment door was left open.
Morado was struggling with Hockaday inside the apartment when he observed Officer
Garcia standing at the doorway. Morado reported that Officer Garcia entered the
apartment with his gun drawn. Hockaday could not see Officer Garcia because her back
was to him. Morado released Hockaday when he saw Officer Garcia. Hockaday then
went quickly to the kitchen. Morado told Officer Garcia that Hockaday was going to get
a knife. Hockaday then returned from the kitchen and advanced towards Morado and
Officer Garcia with a knife in her right hand.

9

 At the crime scene, Morado told Detective Perez, “I ran because I seen a fucken knife in
her hand.” At the crime scene, Morado further stated, “The cop came in and she still ran
and got it,” referring to the knife. However, during a later interview at the Oxnard Police
Station, Morado said he did not actually see the knife in Hockaday’s hand when she
returned from the kitchen which contradicted his earlier statement.
Morado reported he saw Hockaday get “something” and then heard her coming from the
hallway side of the kitchen. Morado said he was afraid of Hockaday at that moment and
believed Hockaday was coming for him, not the officer. Morado said he ducked under
the officer’s gun and ran towards the doorway, thereby placing Officer Garcia between
himself and Hockaday. Morado heard Officer Garcia fire three to four gunshots;
however, Morado did not actually see Hockaday get shot.

According to Morado, the diagram below depicts the path Hockaday took when Hockaday
returned from the kitchen and advanced towards Morado and Officer Garcia.

The

diagram also indicates the approximate location Morado believed Officer Garcia was
standing at that moment in time.

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 2.

Officer Roger Garcia

Officer Garcia spoke with Sergeant David Walker at the crime scene, providing answers
to public safety questions. When Sergeant Walker arrived at the crime scene, Officer
Garcia was kneeling next to Hockaday saying, “Stay with me.” Officer Garcia pointed to
the knife Hockaday was brandishing when Officer Garcia fired shots. Garcia reported
that he fired shots in a westbound direction, slightly downward. Officer Garcia said the
shooting occurred in the entry way to the apartment, just inside the front door. When
Sergeant Walker turned to speak with another officer, Officer Garcia returned to
Hockaday’s side to tell her that an ambulance was on the way.

Officer Garcia estimated he fired two to three shots. Officer Garcia said Hockaday was
coming at both Officer Garcia and Morado. Officer Garcia reported his gun jammed
during the incident. Officer Garcia believed Hockaday’s clothing may have caught on his
gun, resulting in the jam. Sergeant Walker inspected Officer Garcia’s nine millimeter
Beretta service pistol and noted that the condition of Officer Garcia’s pistol was
consistent with a jam or malfunction having occurred.

3.

Paramedic Andrew Mulligan

On March 28, 2015, Paramedic Andrew Mulligan responded to the call for service for an
officer-involved shooting at 501 West Vineyard Avenue, apartment 574. When he
arrived, Mulligan noticed two shell casings on the door mat located in front of the
apartment. Mulligan also observed a five- to six-inch knife just inside the apartment near
the front door. He saw Hockaday on the floor inside the apartment, about four feet from
the doorway. He noticed a gunshot wound to Hockaday’s right shoulder. Mulligan noted
no signs of life and, at 1:19 a.m., he pronounced Hockaday deceased.

4.

Hockaday and Morado’s Children

Hockaday and Morado’s four-year-old and two-year-old daughters were contacted by
detectives. The daughters were unable to provide details regarding the shooting;
11

 however, they did report their parents were fighting. The four-year-old also reported that
her parents were throwing things and hitting each other.

5.

Monique Wallace

Monique Wallace is Meagan Hockaday’s mother. On March 28, 2015, Detective Robert
Eckman contacted Wallace to inform her of her daughter’s death. Detective Eckman
spoke with Wallace regarding the previous evening. Wallace verified that Hockaday,
Morado, and their children were at Wallace’s residence on the evening of March 27,
2015. Wallace estimated they left her residence at about 10:45 p.m. Wallace reported
witnessing verbal altercations between Hockaday and Morado on prior occasions.
Wallace also mentioned having a phone conversation with Morado after Morado,
Hockaday, and their children left Wallace’s residence on March 27, 2015. Wallace said
she advised Morado to go home and take the kids. Wallace said she also told Morado
that if Hockaday wanted to stay up drinking, then Hockaday could go sit in the car with
her beer and listen to the radio. Wallace said she told Morado that Wallace was “so tired
of this” and Morado said he was as well.

6.

Maria Consuelo Morado

Maria Consuelo Morado is Luis Morado’s mother. Ms. Morado lived with Hockaday and
Luis Morado for about seven years. Ms. Morado reported that she noticed their
relationship deteriorating approximately seven months prior to the shooting when her son
and Hockaday began yelling more frequently at each other. Ms. Morado moved out in
late February or early March 2015 due to the problems Luis Morado and Hockaday were
having. Ms. Morado observed that Hockaday had begun to drink alcohol more frequently
in the months leading up to the shooting. Ms. Morado described Hockaday as violent and
easily agitated.

12

 7.

Raymundo Morado

Raymundo Morado is Luis Morado’s brother. Raymundo lived with his brother Luis and
Hockaday for a period of time. Raymundo said he witnessed verbal arguments between
Luis and Hockaday; however, Raymundo did not personally witness any physical
confrontations. Raymundo observed that his brother Luis and Hockaday would have
problems when they both consumed alcohol.

III.
PHYSICAL EVIDENCE

A.

Crime Scene

The crime scene consisted of the apartment located at 501 West Vineyard Avenue,
apartment 574. The layout of the apartment is depicted below.

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 Various items of physical evidence were located at and collected from the crime scene.
These items included the knife Hockaday brandished during the incident, four spent shell
casings, and fragments from two bullets.

The knife is depicted below as it was located by officers who responded to the scene.

A crime scene diagram was prepared noting the location of the items of evidence. Item 4
on the diagram below denotes the location where the knife brandished by Hockaday was
located by detectives. Items 1, 2, 5, and 14 denote the four spent shell casings located at
the crime scene.

14

 In addition to the knife located in the entryway of the apartment near Hockaday’s body,
detectives located additional knives strewn about the kitchen area. Two knives were
found in the kitchen sink and another knife on the floor of the kitchen. There was a knife
block also on the kitchen floor. It appeared the knives had been removed from the knife
block.

Two bullet holes were located inside the apartment. Fragments from the two bullets were
recovered from inside the walls. Forensic Scientist Song Wicks of the Ventura County
Sheriff’s Office Forensic Sciences Laboratory determined the path of these two bullets.
One bullet hole was located in the decorative molding of the closet directly across from
the front door entrance. The bullet strike, denoted by photo marker “A,” is depicted in
the photograph below. The rod in the photograph reflects the bullet trajectory.

The second bullet strike, denoted by photo marker “B” below, was located in the
baseboard molding of the west wall of the living room. The bullet associated with this
bullet hole struck the floor before lodging in the wall. As such, the vertical angle of the
15

 bullet path could not be measured. However, extrapolation of the bullet path from the
strike to the floor led to the front door opening, as depicted in the photographs below.

Forensic Scientist Wicks was able to determine Officer Garcia’s position at the time he
fired these two shots based on the extrapolation of the bullet paths associated with holes
“A” and “B,” and the location of the discharged cartridge cases. Forensic Scientist Wicks
concluded Officer Garcia was positioned near the opening to the front door of apartment 574.

Detective Jeff Kay noted lighting conditions in the apartment. He reported that the light
in the hallway leading from the kitchen towards the front door and the living room light
were turned off. This would have reduced the visibility between Officer Garcia’s
position and the hallway from which Hockaday advanced with the knife. Moreover, from
Officer Garcia’s position at the time shots were fired as determined by Forensic Scientist
Wicks, Officer Garcia may not have been able to see Hockaday until she reached the end
of the hallway (below.)

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 B.

Autopsy

On March 30, 2015, an autopsy was performed on Hockaday’s body by Dr. Jon Smith, a
forensic pathologist and former Chief Medical Examiner for the Ventura County Medical
Examiner’s Office. Dr. Smith located three gunshot wounds to Hockaday’s person. One
of these gunshot wounds was an elliptical superficial laceration to Hockaday’s right
elbow. Dr. Smith described this injury as a grazing or “tangential” gunshot wound.

Dr. Smith located a second gunshot wound which he described as a penetrating gunshot
wound to Hockaday’s right shoulder. Dr. Smith determined this shot was fired at
extremely close range, noting stippling and powder burns around the wound. This bullet
entered through Hockaday’s right shoulder and lodged in the right upper back. The
overall bullet pathway was right to left, front to back, and downward with the body in the
anatomic position. This bullet was recovered from Hockaday’s body.
Dr. Smith located a third gunshot wound to Hockaday’s right mid back. The bullet
entered through the right back, perforated the right lower lung lobe, and lacerated several
organs before lodging in the subcutaneous soft tissue in the left chest. The overall bullet
pathway was right to left, back to front, and slightly upward with the body in the
anatomic position. This bullet was recovered from Hockaday’s body.

17

 Dr. Smith also located a one centimeter laceration to the index finger of Hockaday’s left
hand. Dr. Smith concluded that Hockaday died from multiple gunshot wounds and that
the killing was a homicide, meaning a death at the hands of another.

Dr. Lawrence Nguyen, a forensic pathologist currently employed by the Ventura County
Medical Examiner’s Office, conducted an independent review of Dr. Smith’s autopsy
report, the Medical Examiner’s Office case file, photographs from the crime scene and
autopsy, and the report authored by Forensic Scientist Wicks regarding the muzzle-totarget distance determination, which was completed subsequent to Dr. Smith’s autopsy
report. Dr. Nguyen concurred with Dr. Smith’s and Forensic Scientist Wicks’ findings
regarding the cause and manner of death. Dr. Nguyen’s findings were consistent with
Forensic Scientist Wicks’ determination with regards to the penetrating gunshot wound to
Hockaday’s right mid back in that the muzzle of Officer Garcia’s gun was 15 inches or
less from Hockaday’s body at the time the shot was fired.

C.

Firearms Analysis

Forensic Scientist Wicks conducted an analysis to determine the muzzle-to-target range
between Officer Garcia’s gun and Hockaday’s person at the time shots were fired.
Forensic Scientist Wicks analyzed Hockaday’s tank top visually and noted an oval hole
in the garment at the point where a bullet made contact with Hockaday’s person. This
particular hole in Hockaday’s garment coincided with the bullet that struck Hockaday in
the right mid back. Forensic Scientist Wicks determined that the hole did not exhibit
characteristics associated with a contact shot, indicating that the muzzle of Officer
Garcia’s gun was not touching Hockaday’s garment at the time the shot was fired.
Forensic Scientist Wicks conducted microscopic examination and chemical testing of the
garment for the presence of gunpowder particles. Forensic Scientist Wicks compared the
results of analysis from Hockaday’s garment to the results of analysis from test fires
taken at different muzzle-to-target distances using the same Beretta pistol Officer Garcia
used during the incident. Forensic Scientist Wicks was able to determine from his
scientific testing that the muzzle-to-target range for the gunshot was from no closer than
near-contact and no farther than 15 inches from Hockaday’s garment.
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 Forensic Scientist Wicks also conducted a firearms analysis comparing the four cartridge
cases and two bullets found at the crime scene, and the two bullets recovered from
Hockaday’s body to rounds test fired from Officer Garcia’s nine millimeter Luger caliber
Beretta pistol. Forensic Scientist Wicks concluded that all four bullets and all four
cartridge cases were fired from Officer Garcia’s Beretta pistol.

D.

Toxicology Report

Hockaday’s blood was collected at the autopsy. The blood was analyzed for drugs and
alcohol by forensic scientists with the Ventura County Sheriff’s Office Forensic Sciences
Laboratory. Analysis of her blood showed that her blood contained caffeine and alcohol.
Her blood alcohol level was 0.20 percent.

E.

DNA Analysis

Forensic Scientist Kristin Allard of the Ventura County Sheriff’s Office Forensic
Sciences Laboratory conducted DNA analysis on the knife Hockaday used during the
incident. Swabs collected from the handle and blade of the knife revealed a mixture of
DNA from multiple contributors. The DNA profiles for these contributors were
compared to the DNA profiles of Morado and Hockaday. Based on this comparison,
Forensic Scientist Allard determined that both Morado and Hockaday were included as
possible contributors to the DNA mixture found on the knife.

IV.
LEGAL PRINCIPLES
A.

Law of Homicide and Self-Defense

Homicide is the killing of one human being by another, either lawfully or unlawfully.
Homicide encompasses murder and manslaughter, which are unlawful, and acts of
excusable and justifiable homicide, which are lawful.

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 Homicide is justifiable when committed by any person “resisting any attempt to murder
any person, or to commit a felony, or to do some great bodily injury upon any person.”
(Pen. Code § 197(1).)

CALCRIM 505 sets forth the specific jury instructions on self-defense. It provides that a
person is not guilty of murder or manslaughter if 1) that person “reasonably believed that
[the person] [or] someone else . . . was in imminent danger of being killed or suffering
great bodily injury”; 2) that person “reasonably believed that the immediate use of deadly
force was necessary to defend against that danger”; and 3) that person “used no more
force than was reasonably necessary to defend against that danger.” (Judicial Council of
California Criminal Jury Instructions (March 2016 Update), Calcrim 505.)

CALCRIM 505 further provides that in deciding whether that person’s “beliefs were
reasonable, consider all the circumstances as they were known to and appeared to [that
person] and consider what a reasonable person in a similar situation with similar
knowledge would have believed. If [that person]’s beliefs were reasonable, the danger
does not need to have actually existed.” It also provides that “[a person] is not required
to retreat. He or she is entitled to stand his or her ground and defend himself or herself
and, if reasonably necessary, to pursue an assailant until the danger has passed. This is so
even if safety could have been achieved by retreating.” (Ibid.)

A killing by a peace officer is justifiable when it was “necessarily committed in
overcoming actual resistance to the execution of some legal process, or in the discharge
of any other legal duty” or “when necessarily committed in arresting persons charged
with [a] felony, and who are fleeing from justice or resisting such arrest.” (Pen. Code
§ 196.)

20

 Police officers have a duty “to maintain peace and security” and “to protect citizens from
harm.” (Batts v. Superior Court (1972) 23 Cal.App.3d 435, 438.) A police officer may
use deadly force when the circumstances create a reasonable fear of death or serious
bodily injury in the mind of the officer. (Graham v. Conner (1989) 490 U.S. 386, 396397.) Reasonableness includes “allowance for the fact that police officers are often
forced to make split-second judgments—in circumstances that are tense, uncertain, and
rapidly evolving—about the amount of force that is necessary in a particular situation.”
(Ibid.)

Under the Fourth Amendment, police are “not required to use the least intrusive degree of
force possible” but may use only such force as is objectively reasonable under the
circumstances. (Forrester v. City of San Diego (9th Cir. 1994) 25 F.3d 804, 807.) An
officer’s use of deadly force is reasonable only if “the officer has probable cause to
believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious physical injury to the
officer or others.” (Tennessee v. Garner (1985) 471 U.S. 1, 3.) Furthermore, “if police
officers are justified in firing at a suspect in order to end a severe threat to public safety,
the officers need not stop shooting until the threat has ended.” (Plumhoff v. Rickard
(2014) 134 S.Ct. 2012, 2022.)

“The test of reasonableness in this context is an objective one, viewed from the vantage
of a reasonable officer on the scene. It is also highly deferential to the police officer’s
need to protect himself and others.” (Martinez v. County of L.A (1996) 47 Cal.App.4th
334, 343 (quoting Graham 490 U.S. at 396-397).) The reasonableness test requires
careful attention to the facts and circumstances of each particular case, including: (1) “the
severity of the crime at issue”; (2) “whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the
safety of the officers or others”; and (3) “whether [the suspect] is actively resisting arrest
or attempting to evade arrest by flight.” (Graham, 490 U.S. at 396.)

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 B. Meagan Hockaday’s Criminal Conduct

Hockaday engaged in felony and misdemeanor criminal conduct immediately prior to the
shooting. Had she survived, she could have been charged with the commission of the
following crimes:


Assault with a Deadly Weapon in violation of Penal Code section 245(a)(1)



Willful Infliction of Corporal Injury Upon a Spouse or Cohabitant in violation of
Penal Code section 273.5(a)



Criminal Threats in violation of Penal Code section 422



Assault on a Peace Officer in violation of Penal Code section 245(c)



Brandishing a Deadly Weapon in violation of Penal Code section 417(a)(1)



Resisting an Executive Officer in violation of Penal Code section 69



Resisting, Obstructing, or Delaying a Peace Officer in violation of Penal Code
section 148(a)(1).
V.
ANALYSIS

In the months leading up to March 28, 2015, Meagan Hockaday began drinking more
heavily. Hockaday displayed increased aggression towards Luis Morado. Morado
reported that Hockaday physically assaulted him on several occasions prior to March 28,
2015. Hockaday also made repeated allegations that Morado was molesting their
children, despite no apparent basis in fact for these allegations.

On the evening of March 27, 2015, Hockaday voluntarily became intoxicated. She
argued with her husband, Morado, over returning to the family apartment. Hockaday
insisted that Morado drive her around for an extended period of time while she continued
drinking. When Morado parked the family van at the apartment complex, Hockaday

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 became extremely agitated, throwing items at him and around the vehicle. Hockaday
also battered Morado, slapping him multiple times.

Once the family returned to the apartment, Hockaday’s conduct in retrieving a knife from
the kitchen and extending it towards Morado constituted a violation of Penal Code
section 417(a)(1), brandishing a deadly weapon. Moreover, Hockaday’s threat to
Morado, saying, “You are going to get what you deserve,” while she simultaneously
brandished a deadly weapon constituted a violation of Penal Code section 422, criminal
threats. Morado struggled with Hockaday and was able to disarm her of the knife.
However, during the process, Hockaday and Morado each received a laceration to their
finger, consistent with a tussle over the knife. Additionally, the presence of DNA
profiles on the knife consistent with both Hockaday’s and Morado’s DNA profiles
corroborates that a struggle over the knife occurred.Throughout the night, Hockaday
repeatedly armed herself with a knife in an aggressive manner towards Morado. At one
point, she also threw a coffee mug at Morado. She scratched Morado repeatedly on his
torso and back, leaving visible injuries. In so doing, Hockaday committed a violation of
Penal Code section 273.5(a), corporal injury to a spouse or cohabitant.

Morado’s fear for his physical safety rose to the level where he felt it necessary to call
911. He immediately requested an officer to respond and stated it was “too much for the
kids to handle,” indicating concern for the wellbeing of their children as well. He
reported that Hockaday was being physically abusive towards him.

Dispatch advised officers of the domestic dispute reported by Morado and identified
Hockaday as the disturbing party. Dispatch further advised that a female could be heard
screaming in the background during the call and that there were children in the home.

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 Based on this information, Officer Garcia knew he was responding to a potentially
volatile domestic situation with children present.

Officer Garcia was the first to arrive on scene and entered through the open doorway. As
he observed Morado and Hockaday struggling, Officer Garcia attempted to diffuse the
situation by asking Morado to take a seat. Since Morado had removd his shirt after
Hockaday ripped it, Officer Garcia was able to observe visible lacerations to Morado’s
chest. Officer Garcia then attempted to speak with Hockaday, but she said, “No” and
quickly retreated towards the kitchen. As Officer Garcia lost visual contact with
Hockaday, Morado told Officer Garcia that Hockaday was going to get a knife. At this
point, Officer Garcia reasonably believed that Hockaday had already physically inflicted
visible injuries to Morado, young children were present inside the apartment, and
Hockaday had retreated further into the apartment to arm herself with a deadly weapon.

Morado told officers that he was standing between Hockaday and Officer Garcia until
Hockaday returned from the hallway. Officer Garcia’s view of Hockaday would have
been obscured by a combination of Morado standing betwen them and the lack of
lighting in the apartment until Hockaday was within striking distance of Officer Garcia.

The diagram below reflects Hockaday’s path of approach and Officer Garcia’s
approximate location at the time he fired shots.1

1

Positions determined by Forensic Scientist Song Wicks.

24

 According to Morado’s statement on the night of the incident, Morado told Officer
Garcia that Hockaday was going to get a knife then saw Hockaday approaching with a
knife in her hand. Morado feared Hockaday would attack him with the knife so he
ducked under Officer Garcia’s firearm and ran to a place of physical safety leaving
Officer Garcia directly in front of Hockaday as she advanced with the knife. Based on
the location of the gunshot wounds to her right shoulder and right mid back, and the
laceration to her right elbow, it is reasonable to assume that she was swinging the knife in
her right hand.

Hockaday came within 15 inches or less from the muzzle of Officer Garcia’s gun while
Hockaday was still armed with the knife. The knife Hockaday was holding had a blade
length of approximately 5 ½ inches. This indicates that Hockaday was within striking
distance of both Officer Garcia and Morado. Given the proximity of Hockaday to Officer
Garcia and Morado and the length of the blade, Hockaday could have easily stabbed
Officer Garcia and/or Morado, causing great bodily injury or death.

25

 Under these circumstances, a reasonable officer would have concluded, as did Officer
Garcia, that Hockaday’s actions posed a significant threat of death or serious physical
injury to both Officer Garcia and Morado. Hockaday armed herself with a deadly
weapon and advanced on Officer Garcia and Morado, causing Officer Garcia to
reasonably believe that the immediate use of deadly force was necessary to defend
against the danger that Hockaday’s actions presented. Hockaday’s actions constituted an
assault with a deadly weapon, a violation of Penal Code section 245(a)(1), and an assault
with a deadly weapon on a peace officer, in violation of Penal Code section 245(c).
Hockaday’s actions also constituted violations of Penal Code section 69, resisting an
executive officer, and Penal Code section 148(a)(1), resisting, obstructing, or delaying a
peace officer.

Officer Garcia fired four shots in close succession in response to the threat Hockaday
posed. Two of those shots entered Hockaday’s body, resulting in her death. The bullet
paths for the two bullets that entered Hockaday’s body, one to the right shoulder and one
to the right mid back, are consistent with Hockaday swinging the knife in her right hand
at the same time Officer Garcia fired the shots.

An evaluation of the reasonableness of Officer Garcia’s decision requires consideration
of the limited amount of time he had to make a decision to use deadly force in a tense,
violent situation. A review of Officer Garcia’s belt recorder reveals that less than 20
seconds passed from the time Officer Garcia initially asked both parties what was
occurring to the point when Officer Garcia fired the four shots. During this very brief
window of time, Hockaday had armed herself with a knife, Morado changed positions by
retreating behind Officer Garcia, and Hockaday advanced on Officer Garcia and Morado
with the knife in hand in a threatening manner.

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 Officer Garcia was not legally obligated to retreat from the assault by Hockaday. In fact,
Officer Garcia would likely have been unable to move backwards, given that Morado was
standing behind him. Officer Garcia reasonably perceived Hockaday as presenting a
threat to public safety, specifically to Morado, who had taken cover behind Officer
Garcia. There is no indication that Officer Garcia fired any shots after Hockaday was
disarmed. Rather, the evidence shows Officer Garcia immediately reported the shooting
to dispatch and then knelt by Hockaday’s side until paramedics and other officers arrived.

Under this set of facts and the laws governing self-defense, Officer Garcia reasonably
defended both himself and Morado. Officer Garcia justifiably responded to the threat of
imminent danger of great bodily injury and death at the time he discharged his weapon at
Hockaday.
VI.
CONCLUSION
It is the conclusion of the District Attorney that:
A.

At the time Officer Roger Garcia fired his handgun at Meagan Hockaday,
Officer Garcia honestly and reasonably believed that he was in imminent
threat of death or great bodily injury, and that Luis Morado was in
imminent threat of death or great bodily injury.

B.

Officer Roger Garcia honestly and reasonably believed that the immediate
use of deadly force was necessary to defend himself and Luis Morado
against the danger posed by Meagan Hockaday at the time Officer Garcia
fired his weapon.

C.

Officer Roger Garcia used no more force than was reasonably necessary to
defend against the apparent danger posed by Meagan Hockaday.

D.

The fatal shooting of Meagan Hockaday by Officer Roger Garcia was a
justifiable homicide.

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