DIGITAL PRIVACY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT STUDY A survey of 2,000 Canadian adults (aged 18 and over) with an additional 500 interviews in the GTHA. Commissioned by: FALL 2016 COMPLETE REPORT METHODOLOGY Online survey Sample Size Margin of Error Field dates Statistical Weighting Language 2 Survey was conducted online with a representative sample of adult Canadians from Research Now’s online panel. Total sample: 2,500 Canadians aged 18 and over Wave 1 - 1,000 Canadian residents aged 18 and over, with an additional 500 over and above in the GTHA for a total of 706 respondents in the GTHA (including 365 in Metro Toronto) Wave 2 - 1,000 Canadian residents aged 18 and over +/- 2.2%, 19 times out of 20 for the national sample +/- 3.8%, 19 times out of 20 for the GTHA sample Wave 1 - October 20 to 22, 2016 Wave 2 – November 7 to 9, 2016 Data was weighted by age, gender, education and region. The survey was available in both English and French SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION 3 Unweighted counts Weighted counts Unweighted counts Weighted counts Atlantic 232 195 Male 1,237 1,227 Quebec 475 647 Female 1,236 1,276 Ontario 1,137 940 GTHA 897 536 18 to 29 508 490 MB/SK 166 161 30 to 44 705 661 Alberta 219 239 45 to 59 701 719 British Columbia 271 322 60+ 585 633 SURVEY INTRODUCTION All survey respondents were shown this message prior to starting the survey: “For this survey, when we refer to digital or internet activities we are referring to activities like searching the internet, sending emails, text messages, and instant messaging, and using social media Digital identity refers to someone’s name, their email address or their IP address. In this survey, some questions are a little longer than you might normally be used to. We ask that you read them carefully and consider the information.” 4 SECTION 1 ONLINE ANONYMITY – IS IT POSSIBLE? What do Canadians think? Commissioned by: FALL 2016 POSSIBLE FOR SOMEONE TO BE COMPLETELY ANONYMOUS ONLINE? 11% 23% Yes No Don’t know 66% Considering everything you know and have heard about the internet, do you think it is possible for someone to use the internet completely anonymously – so that none of their online activities can be easily traced back to them? 6 October/November survey POSSIBLE FOR SOMEONE TO BE COMPLETELY ANONYMOUS ONLINE? October (1500) 22% November (1000) 66% 25% Yes 12% 66% No 9% Don’t know Considering everything you know and have heard about the internet, do you think it is possible for someone to use the internet completely anonymously – so that none of their online activities can be easily traced back to them? 7 POSSIBLE FOR SOMEONE TO BE COMPLETELY ANONYMOUS ONLINE? Canada (2500) Region Gender Age Education BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 23% 66% 32% 18% 13% 22% 25% 24% 27% Male (1237) Female (1263) 19% 74% 28% 74% 11% 56% 69% 64% 63% 64% 69% 63% 9% 12% 68% 6% 10% 12% 12% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 26% 23% 22% 23% 67% 65% 65% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 24% 23% 24% 62% 68% 68% Yes No Considering everything you know and have heard about the internet, do you think it is possible for someone to use the internet completely anonymously – so that none of their online activities can be easily traced back to them? 8 October/November survey 12% 8% 12% 9% 11% 13% 9% 14% 9% 7% Don’t know POSSIBLE FOR SOMEONE TO BE COMPLETELY ANONYMOUS ONLINE? Canada (2500) 23% 66% 11% 68% 10% 2015 Vote CPC (449) 22% LPC (774) 24% NDP (302) 66% 22% Yes 69% No Considering everything you know and have heard about the internet, do you think it is possible for someone to use the internet completely anonymously – so that none of their online activities can be easily traced back to them? 9 10% October/November survey 9% Don’t know POSSIBLE FOR SOMEONE TO BE COMPLETELY ANONYMOUS ONLINE? Canada (2500) 23% 66% 11% Trust in legal/security institutions High (400) 25% Moderate (1223) 64% 21% Low (658) 68% 25% Lowest (219) 10% 27% 11% 65% 10% 63% 10% Right to digital privacy Agree (1154) 28% Disagree (972) Unsure (374) 64% 22% 71% 13% Yes 7% 61% No Considering everything you know and have heard about the internet, do you think it is possible for someone to use the internet completely anonymously – so that none of their online activities can be easily traced back to them? 10 9% October/November survey 26% Don’t know IS INTERNET ACTIVITY MONITORED BY POLICE OR INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES? 47% 53% No Considering everything you know and have heard about the internet, do you think your internet activity is monitored by police or intelligence agencies? 11 Yes October/November survey IS INTERNET ACTIVITY MONITORED BY POLICE OR INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES? October (1500) 48% 52% November (1000) 47% 53% Yes No Considering everything you know and have heard about the internet, do you think your internet activity is monitored by police or intelligence agencies? 12 IS INTERNET ACTIVITY MONITORED BY POLICE OR INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES? Canada (2500) Region Gender Age Education 47% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 42% Male (1237) Female (1263) 42% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 43% 42% 42% 34% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 53% 57% 58% 58% 51% 50% 50% 58% 53% 58% 54% 55% 47% 66% 45% 48% 50% 47% 46% 45% 53% 55% 52% 50% Yes No Considering everything you know and have heard about the internet, do you think your internet activity is monitored by police or intelligence agencies? 13 49% 50% 50% October/November survey IS INTERNET ACTIVITY MONITORED BY POLICE OR INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES? Canada (2500) 47% 53% 2015 Vote CPC (449) 45% LPC (774) 55% 49% NDP (302) 51% 47% 53% Yes No Considering everything you know and have heard about the internet, do you think your internet activity is monitored by police or intelligence agencies? 14 October/November survey IS INTERNET ACTIVITY MONITORED BY POLICE OR INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES? Canada (2500) Trust in legal/security institutions 47% High (400) 53% 42% Moderate (1223) 58% 43% Low (658) 57% 52% Lowest (219) 48% 65% 35% Anonymous online Yes (597) 52% No (1649) 48% 48% 52% Right to digital privacy Agree (1154) Disagree (972) Unsure (374) 56% 44% 40% 60% 39% 61% Yes No Considering everything you know and have heard about the internet, do you think your internet activity is monitored by police or intelligence agencies? 15 October/November survey DO POLICE AND INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES HAVE THE ABILITY TO MONITOR YOUR INTERNET ACTIVITIES? 6% Yes No 94% Do you think police and intelligence agencies have the ability to monitor your internet activity if they wanted to? [Those who think online activity is not monitored by police] 16 October/November survey DO POLICE AND INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES HAVE THE ABILITY TO MONITOR YOUR INTERNET ACTIVITIES? October (777) 94% 6% November (528) 94% 6% Yes No Do you think police and intelligence agencies have the ability to monitor your internet activity if they wanted to? [Those who think online activity is not monitored by police] 17 DO POLICE AND INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES HAVE THE ABILITY TO MONITOR YOUR INTERNET ACTIVITIES? Canada (1305) Region Gender Age Education 94% 6% BC (151) AB (121) SK/MB (98) ON (566) GTHA (450) QC (235) ATL (134) 95% 98% 94% 93% 92% 91% 98% 5% 2% 6% 7% 8% 9% 2% Male (588) Female (717) 93% 94% 7% 6% 96% 90% 93% 97% 4% 10% 7% 3% 18 - 29 (230) 30 - 44 (307) 45 - 59 (381) 60 and over (387) HS or less (306) College (495) University (504) 96% 93% 93% Yes 4% 7% 7% No Do you think police and intelligence agencies have the ability to monitor your internet activity if they wanted to? [Those who think online activity is not monitored by police] 18 October/November survey DO POLICE AND INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES HAVE THE ABILITY TO MONITOR YOUR INTERNET ACTIVITIES? Canada (1305) 94% 6% 2015 Vote CPC (252) 95% 5% LPC (392) 94% 6% NDP (158) 98% Yes 2% No Do you think police and intelligence agencies have the ability to monitor your internet activity if they wanted to? [Those who think online activity is not monitored by police] 19 October/November survey DO POLICE AND INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES HAVE THE ABILITY TO MONITOR YOUR INTERNET ACTIVITIES? Canada (1305) Trust in legal/security institutions 94% High (233) 6% 95% 5% Moderate (677) 94% 6% Low (316) 94% 6% Lowest (79) 89% 11% Anonymous online Yes (274) 96% 4% No (859) 95% 5% Right to digital privacy Agree (499) 92% Disagree (582) 8% 97% Unsure (224) 3% 91% Yes 9% No Do you think police and intelligence agencies have the ability to monitor your internet activity if they wanted to? [Those who think online activity is not monitored by police] 20 October/November survey SECTION 2 THE RIGHT TO COMPLETE DIGITAL PRIVACY A A DATA Commissione? by: '0 FALL 2016 EVERY CANADIAN HAS THE RIGHT TO COMPLETE DIGITAL PRIVACY 15% 47% Disagree Unsure 38% Do you agree or disagree that every Canadian should have a right to complete digital privacy meaning that under no circumstances should the digital identity of an internet user be disclosed or released to police? 22 Agree October/November survey EVERY CANADIAN HAS THE RIGHT TO COMPLETE DIGITAL PRIVACY October (1500) 45% 40% +5 November (1000) -4 50% Agree 36% Disagree Do you agree or disagree that every Canadian should have a right to complete digital privacy meaning that under no circumstances should the digital identity of an internet user be disclosed or released to police? 23 15% 14% Unsure EVERY CANADIAN HAS THE RIGHT TO COMPLETE DIGITAL PRIVACY Canada (2500) Region Gender Age Education 47% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 38% 52% 40% 34% 42% 45% 36% Male (1237) Female (1263) 40% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 44% 63% 55% 44% 38% 31% 36% 34% 40% 40% Disagree October/November survey 13% 18% 22% 15% 17% 12% 16% 12% 17% 15% 15% 17% 12% 39% 44% Do you agree or disagree that every Canadian should have a right to complete digital privacy meaning that under no circumstances should the digital identity of an internet user be disclosed or released to police? 24 25% 33% 43% 50% 45% 46% Agree 36% 42% 48% 54% 49% 44% 44% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 15% 15% 15% 13% Unsure EVERY CANADIAN HAS THE RIGHT TO COMPLETE DIGITAL PRIVACY Canada (2500) 47% 38% 15% 2015 Vote CPC (449) 38% LPC (774) 48% 52% NDP (302) 37% 50% Agree 12% 37% Disagree Do you agree or disagree that every Canadian should have a right to complete digital privacy meaning that under no circumstances should the digital identity of an internet user be disclosed or released to police? 25 14% October/November survey 13% Unsure EVERY CANADIAN HAS THE RIGHT TO COMPLETE DIGITAL PRIVACY Canada (2500) Trust in legal/security institutions 47% High (400) 38% 37% Moderate (1223) 52% 44% Low (658) 15% 11% 41% 50% Lowest (219) 14% 32% 18% 71% 17% 13% Anonymous online Yes (597) 56% No (1649) 35% 46% Agree 41% Disagree Do you agree or disagree that every Canadian should have a right to complete digital privacy meaning that under no circumstances should the digital identity of an internet user be disclosed or released to police? 26 October/November survey 8% 13% Unsure IF SUSPECTED OF SERIOUS CRIME - THE RIGHT TO DIGITAL PRIVACY 10% 24% Agree Disagree Unsure 66% What if that person is suspected by police of committing a serious crime? Do you agree or disagree that this person has a right to keep his or her online or digital identity private from law enforcement? 27 October/November survey IF SUSPECTED OF SERIOUS CRIME - THE RIGHT TO DIGITAL PRIVACY October (1500) 21% 68% +6 November (1000) -4 27% Agree 64% Disagree What if that person is suspected by police of committing a serious crime? Do you agree or disagree that this person has a right to keep his or her online or digital identity private from law enforcement? 28 11% 9% Unsure IF SUSPECTED OF SERIOUS CRIME - THE RIGHT TO DIGITAL PRIVACY Canada (2500) Region Gender Age Education BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 24% 66% 10% 27% 19% 17% 21% 22% 31% 17% 63% 72% 71% 69% 67% 59% 74% 10% 9% 12% 11% 11% 10% 9% Male (1237) Female (1263) 17% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 20% 18% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 30% 29% 29% 13% 11% 11% 6% 69% 76% 65% 70% Disagree October/November survey 12% 9% 9% 62% What if that person is suspected by police of committing a serious crime? Do you agree or disagree that this person has a right to keep his or her online or digital identity private from law enforcement? 29 10% 10% 58% 60% 23% 21% 28% Agree 59% 73% Unsure IF SUSPECTED OF SERIOUS CRIME - THE RIGHT TO DIGITAL PRIVACY Canada (2500) 24% 66% 10% 2015 Vote CPC (449) 19% LPC (774) 74% 24% NDP (302) 66% 27% Agree 7% 66% Disagree What if that person is suspected by police of committing a serious crime? Do you agree or disagree that this person has a right to keep his or her online or digital identity private from law enforcement? 30 10% October/November survey 7% Unsure IF SUSPECTED OF SERIOUS CRIME - THE RIGHT TO DIGITAL PRIVACY Canada (2500) Trust in legal/security institutions 24% High (400) 20% Moderate (1223) 20% Low (658) 66% 10% 75% 5% 70% 26% Lowest (219) 10% 62% 40% 12% 45% 15% Anonymous online Yes (597) 31% No (1649) 61% 22% 8% 70% 8% Right to digital privacy Agree (1154) Disagree (972) Unsure (374) 40% 49% 8% 13% Agree 91% 2% 59% Disagree What if that person is suspected by police of committing a serious crime? Do you agree or disagree that this person has a right to keep his or her online or digital identity private from law enforcement? 31 12% October/November survey 28% Unsure IF A JUDGE BELIEVES THERE ARE REASONABLE GROUNDS TO INVESTIGATE - THE RIGHT TO DIGITAL PRIVACY 8% 23% Agree Disagree Unsure 69% What if a judge believes there are reasonable grounds to investigate a crime suspect’s online or digital activities? Do you agree or disagree that this suspect has a right to keep his or her online or digital identity from police even if a judge believes there are reasonable grounds to investigate a suspect's online activity may reveal evidence of a crime? 32 October/November survey IF A JUDGE BELIEVES THERE ARE REASONABLE GROUNDS TO INVESTIGATE - THE RIGHT TO DIGITAL PRIVACY October (1500) November (1000) 22% 24% 70% 69% Agree Disagree Unsure What if a judge believes there are reasonable grounds to investigate a crime suspect’s online or digital activities? Do you agree or disagree that this suspect has a right to keep his or her online or digital identity from police even if a judge believes there are reasonable grounds to investigate a suspect's online activity may reveal evidence of a crime? 33 8% 7% IF A JUDGE BELIEVES THERE ARE REASONABLE GROUNDS TO INVESTIGATE - THE RIGHT TO DIGITAL PRIVACY Canada (2500) Region Gender Age Education 23% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 21% 19% 17% 18% 22% 22% Male (1237) Female (1263) 19% 69% 72% 73% 76% 75% 71% 35% 73% 28% 73% 8% 56% 65% 7% 8% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 27% 30% 20% 17% 64% 63% 71% 78% 9% 7% 8% 6% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 24% 21% 25% 67% 72% 68% 9% 7% 6% Agree Disagree What if a judge believes there are reasonable grounds to investigate a crime suspect’s online or digital activities? Do you agree or disagree that this suspect has a right to keep his or her online or digital identity from police even if a judge believes there are reasonable grounds to investigate a suspect's online activity may reveal evidence of a crime? 34 8% 8% 7% 7% 8% 9% 5% October/November survey Unsure IF A JUDGE BELIEVES THERE ARE REASONABLE GROUNDS TO INVESTIGATE - THE RIGHT TO DIGITAL PRIVACY Canada (2500) 23% 69% 8% 2015 Vote CPC (449) 20% LPC (774) 77% 24% NDP (302) 71% 18% Agree 5% 75% Disagree What if a judge believes there are reasonable grounds to investigate a crime suspect’s online or digital activities? Do you agree or disagree that this suspect has a right to keep his or her online or digital identity from police even if a judge believes there are reasonable grounds to investigate a suspect's online activity may reveal evidence of a crime? 35 4% October/November survey 7% Unsure IF A JUDGE BELIEVES THERE ARE REASONABLE GROUNDS TO INVESTIGATE - THE RIGHT TO DIGITAL PRIVACY Canada (2500) Trust in legal/security institutions 23% High (400) 21% Moderate (1223) 22% Low (658) 22% Lowest (219) 69% 8% 75% 3% 72% 6% 68% 35% 10% 48% 17% Anonymous online Yes (597) 29% No (1649) 64% 21% 6% 74% 5% Right to digital privacy Agree (1154) Disagree (972) Unsure (374) 37% 55% 8% 90% 16% Agree 1% 62% Disagree What if a judge believes there are reasonable grounds to investigate a crime suspect’s online or digital activities? Do you agree or disagree that this suspect has a right to keep his or her online or digital identity from police even if a judge believes there are reasonable grounds to investigate a suspect's online activity may reveal evidence of a crime? 36 8% October/November survey 22% Unsure RIGHT TO DIGITAL PRIVACY – PUBLIC OPINION CHAIN GENERIC RIGHT TO COMPLETE DIGITAL PRIVACY Agree, 47% 8% 13% 40% Agree, 24% 12% 49% 28% 59% 2% Disagree, 66% Unsure, 10% RIGHT TO COMPLETE DIGITAL PRIVACY IF SUSPECT OF A SERIOUS CRIME 37 Disagree, 38% Unsure, 15% October/November survey 91% SECTION 3 WHAT HAVE CANADIANS DONE TO PROTECT THEIR DIGITAL OR ONLINE PRIVACY? Commissioned by: FALL 2016 HAVE YOU EVER DONE ANY OF THE FOLLOWING? Cleared cookies and browser history 81% Deleted or edited something you posted in the past 51% Set your browser to disable or turn off cookies 44% 45% Decided not to use a website because they asked for your real name 42% 35% Used a temporary username or email address 59% 32% Used a fake name or untraceable username 25% Given inaccurate or misleading information about yourself 25% 63% 70% 69% 6% 5% 13% 6% 5% 5% 7% Used a public computer to browse anonymously 18% 77% 5% Asked someone to remove something that was posted about you online 18% 78% 4% Used a service that allows you to mask your online identity 17% Encrypted your communications Yes 15% No While using the internet, have you ever done any of the following things? 39 13% October/November survey 75% 74% Don’t know 8% 11% USED A TEMPORARY USERNAME OR EMAIL ADDRESS Region Gender Age Education Canada (2500) 32% 63% 5% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 33% 32% 29% 33% 36% 30% 29% 60% 62% 66% 62% 58% 66% 67% 7% 5% 5% 5% 6% 5% 4% Male (1237) Female (1263) 35% 28% 61% 5% 6% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 66% 43% 41% 49% 54% 27% 67% 18% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 80% 25% 31% 69% 64% 41% Yes 55% No While using the internet, have you ever done any of the following things? Used a temporary username or email address 40 October/November survey Don’t know 7% 6% 5% 3% 5% 5% 5% USED A FAKE NAME OR UNTRACEABLE USERNAME Region Gender Canada (2500) 25% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 29% 26% 22% 26% 27% 23% 18% Male (1237) Female (1263) Age Education 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 70% 65% 70% 73% 68% 66% 71% 78% 28% 22% 5% 6% 54% 57% 19% 76% 9% 88% 18% 24% 76% 71% 35% Yes 6% 4% 5% 6% 7% 5% 4% 67% 72% 40% 35% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 5% While using the internet, have you ever done any of the following things? Used a fake name or untraceable username 41 5% 5% 5% 60% No October/November survey 6% 8% 5% 3% Don’t know GIVEN INACCURATE OR MISLEADING INFORMATION ABOUT YOURSELF Region Gender Canada (2500) 25% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 27% 26% Education 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 65% 62% 71% 73% 26% 23% 68% 69% 12% 8% 8% 6% 6% 6% 7% 53% 58% 19% 9% 8% 7% 3% 73% 85% 11% 19% 24% 73% 8% 6% 6% 70% 33% Yes 6% 3% 72% 27% 30% 23% 20% 38% 33% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 7% 67% 71% 16% Male (1237) Female (1263) Age 69% 61% No Don’t know While using the internet, have you ever done any of the following things? Given inaccurate or misleading information about yourself 42 October/November survey SET YOUR BROWSER TO DISABLE OR TURN OFF COOKIES Region Gender Canada (2500) 45% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 48% 47% 46% 49% 47% 49% Education 51% 40% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 39% 10% 14% 15% 13% 47% 47% 54% Yes 10% 17% 38% 41% 48% 36% 41% 35% No Don’t know While using the internet, have you ever done any of the following things? Set your browser to disable or turn off cookies 43 October/November survey 15% 16% 16% 12% 13% 13% 12% 39% 44% 52% 48% 44% 39% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 13% 37% 37% 38% 38% 41% 51% 39% 36% Male (1237) Female (1263) Age 42% 17% 12% 11% CLEARED COOKIES AND BROWSER HISTORY Region Gender Canada (2500) 81% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 83% 84% 84% 85% 82% Education 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 82% 12% 7% 4% 9% 5% 6% 5% 6% 84% 79% 11% 15% 5% 6% 22% 87% 82% 82% 9% 12% 12% 75% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 18% 75% 17% 84% 86% Yes No 12% 11% Don’t know While using the internet, have you ever done any of the following things? Cleared cookies and browser history 44 6% 10% 12% 7% 9% 12% 73% Male (1237) Female (1263) Age 13% October/November survey 4% 6% 6% 7% 8% 5% 4% USED A SERVICE THAT ALLOWS YOU TO MASK YOUR ONLINE IDENTITY Region Gender Canada (2500) BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) Male (1237) Female (1263) Age Education 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 17% 75% 19% 17% 13% 20% 19% 14% 13% 8% 73% 79% 75% 71% 72% 78% 81% 21% 72% 13% 7% 9% 77% 29% 63% 22% 8% 11% 9% 4% 68% 13% 7% 78% 88% 13% 16% 78% 76% 24% Yes 7% 5% 12% 9% 9% 8% 6% 9% 8% 7% 69% No Don’t know While using the internet, have you ever done any of the following things? Used a service that allows you to mask your online identity, such as a proxy server, Tor software, or a virtual private network (VPN) 45 October/November survey ENCRYPTED YOUR COMMUNICATIONS Region Gender Canada (2500) BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) Male (1237) Female (1263) Age Education 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 15% 74% 11% 16% 14% 12% 17% 17% 12% 12% 73% 74% 76% 70% 68% 78% 78% 11% 12% 11% 13% 14% 10% 10% 20% 70% 9% 16% 17% 14% 12% 71% 72% 74% 77% 9% 14% 13% 11% 12% 10% 78% 13% 11% 10% 75% 23% Yes 9% 13% 77% 66% No Don’t know While using the internet, have you ever done any of the following things? Encrypted your communications 46 October/November survey DECIDED NOT TO USE A WEBSITE BECAUSE THEY ASKED FOR YOUR REAL NAME Region Gender Canada (2500) 35% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 39% 39% 36% 37% 35% 30% 31% Male (1237) Female (1263) Age Education 59% 55% 55% 57% 56% 65% 62% 6% 6% 11% 6% 9% 5% 6% 56% 61% 6% 6% 53% 37% 33% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 43% 38% 52% 54% 30% 31% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 63% 64% 29% 34% 64% 61% 45% Yes 6% 49% No Don’t know While using the internet, have you ever done any of the following things? Decided not to use a website because they asked for your real name 47 October/November survey 5% 8% 7% 5% 7% 5% 6% DELETED OR EDITED SOMETHING YOU POSTED IN THE PAST Region Gender Canada (2500) 51% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 52% 54% 51% 54% 49% Education 63% 51% 58% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 5% 5% 37% 78% 18% 61% 32% 42% 52% 30% 68% 49% 51% 53% Yes 5% 4% 7% 5% 6% 5% 4% 33% 44% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 45% 44% 42% No While using the internet, have you ever done any of the following things? Deleted or edited something you posted in the past 48 5% 44% 42% 41% 41% 45% 53% 42% Male (1237) Female (1263) Age 44% October/November survey Don’t know 4% 7% 6% 3% 6% 5% 4% ASKED SOMEONE TO REMOVE SOMETHING THAT WAS POSTED ABOUT YOU ONLINE Region Gender Canada (2500) BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) Male (1237) Female (1263) Age Education 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 18% 78% 4% 16% 21% 14% 21% 21% 13% 19% 80% 75% 80% 74% 73% 83% 77% 4% 4% 5% 4% 5% 5% 3% 13% 83% 22% 38% 58% 25% 70% 11% 85% 94% 3% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 16% 16% 22% Yes 4% 5% 73% 79% 79% 74% No 5% 4% 3% Don’t know While using the internet, have you ever done any of the following things? Asked someone to remove something that was posted about you online 49 October/November survey 5% 6% 4% 3% USED A PUBLIC COMPUTER TO BROWSE ANONYMOUSLY Region Gender Canada (2500) BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 18% 23% 22% 16% 21% 23% 12% 15% Male (1237) Female (1263) Age Education 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 77% 71% 75% 6% 3% 7% 5% 6% 5% 5% 76% 74% 72% 83% 80% 21% 15% 27% 23% 16% 9% 14% 17% 74% 79% 5% 5% 66% 70% 79% 89% 7% 7% 5% 2% 80% 78% 25% Yes 5% 6% 5% 4% 71% No Don’t know While using the internet, have you ever done any of the following things? Used a public computer to browse anonymously 50 October/November survey SECTION 4 TRUST IN LEGAL/LAW ENFORCEMENT INSTITUTIONS TO ACT IN THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE PUBLIC Commissioned by: FALL 2016 COMPARATIVE TRUST The justice system in Canada The police force that serves your community Crown prosecutors Canadian intelligence agencies like CSIS Completely trust 14% 16% 12% 54% 21% 10% 52% 22% 11% 24% 10% 54% 14% 50% Some trust 22% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? 52 October/November survey No trust 13% LEVELS OF TRUST - THE POLICE FORCE THAT SERVES YOUR COMMUNITY October (1500) 16% 54% 21% +5 -5 November (1000) 15% Completely trust 50% Some trust 23% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? 53 10% 12% No trust LEVELS OF TRUST - CANADIAN INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES LIKE CSIS October (1500) 15% 53% 21% -6 November (1000) 13% Completely trust +6 48% Some trust 24% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? 54 11% 15% No trust LEVELS OF TRUST - CROWN PROSECUTORS October (1500) 13% 56% 22% -6 November (1000) 12% Completely trust +6 51% Some trust 26% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? 55 9% 11% No trust LEVELS OF TRUST - THE JUSTICE SYSTEM IN CANADA October (1500) 15% 55% 21% -5 November (1000) 13% Completely trust +5 53% Some trust 22% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? 56 9% 13% No trust LEVELS OF TRUST - THE POLICE FORCE THAT SERVES YOUR COMMUNITY Canada (2500) Region Gender Age Education BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 16% 52% 16% 18% 19% 16% 17% 11% 22% Male (1237) Female (1263) 13% 18% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 17% 13% 16% 18% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 16% 15% 17% Completely trust 53% 52% 51% 53% 51% 52% 49% 52% 51% 52% 52% 51% 49% 55% 52% October/November survey 21% 23% 16% 23% 21% 24% 12% 11% 7% 12% 10% 10% 12% 15% A little trust 19% 22% 14% 8% 22% 22% 9% 15% 10% 9% 22% 21% 22% 12% 10% 10% 20% Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? The police force that serves your community 57 11% 25% 55% Some trust 22% No trust LEVELS OF TRUST - THE POLICE FORCE THAT SERVES YOUR COMMUNITY Canada (2500) 16% 52% 22% 11% 2015 Vote CPC (449) LPC (774) NDP (302) 22% 53% 15% 56% 13% Completely trust 17% 21% 48% Some trust 28% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? The police force that serves your community 58 October/November survey 8% 8% 11% No trust LEVELS OF TRUST - THE POLICE FORCE THAT SERVES YOUR COMMUNITY Canada (2500) Trust in legal/security institutions 16% 52% High (400) Moderate (1223) 22% 77% 11% 20% 7% 3%0% 86% Low (658) 2% 24% Lowest (219) 1% 15% 6% 1% 61% 15% 13% 70% Anonymous online Yes (597) No (1649) 17% 50% 15% 21% 52% 12% 22% 11% Right to digital privacy Agree (1154) 12% Disagree (972) Unsure (374) Completely trust 49% 24% 21% 56% 16% 17% 49% Some trust 26% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? The police force that serves your community 59 15% October/November survey 6% 10% No trust LEVELS OF TRUST - CANADIAN INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES LIKE CSIS Region Gender Age Education Canada (2500) 14% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 10% 13% 50% 22% 51% 14% 16% 14% 19% Male (1237) Female (1263) 13% 15% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 13% 14% 15% 14% 49% 52% 52% 49% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 14% 15% 14% 47% 52% 53% Completely trust 20% 54% 45% 52% 51% 47% 54% 21% 46% 24% 22% 22% 21% 25% 16% 24% 55% Some trust October/November survey 21% 26% 21% 22% 22% 25% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? Canadian intelligence agencies like CSIS 60 13% 19% 9% 12% 12% 12% 13% 11% 18% 8% 11% 14% 12% 15% 14% 12% 12% 21% 21% No trust LEVELS OF TRUST - CANADIAN INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES LIKE CSIS Canada (2500) 14% 50% 22% 13% 2015 Vote CPC (449) LPC (774) NDP (302) 18% 56% 15% 12% Completely trust 17% 52% 22% 43% Some trust October/November survey 10% 25% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? Canadian intelligence agencies like CSIS 61 8% 20% No trust LEVELS OF TRUST - CANADIAN INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES LIKE CSIS Canada (2500) Trust in legal/security institutions 14% 50% High (400) Moderate (1223) 22% 74% 4% 13% 23% 2% 0% 86% Low (658) 2% 20% Lowest (219) 2% 5% 9% 61% 14% 1% 16% 80% Anonymous online Yes (597) No (1649) 16% 48% 13% 20% 51% 16% 24% 12% Right to digital privacy Agree (1154) 10% Disagree (972) Unsure (374) 46% 20% 18% 50% Some trust 25% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? Canadian intelligence agencies like CSIS 62 18% 56% 11% Completely trust 25% October/November survey 6% 13% No trust LEVELS OF TRUST - CROWN PROSECUTORS Canada (2500) Region Gender Age Education BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 12% 54% 10% 11% 15% 12% 13% 13% 15% Male (1237) Female (1263) 11% 13% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 12% 11% 12% 13% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 10% 13% 14% Completely trust 24% 54% 23% 57% 51% 54% 56% 54% 54% 48% 27% 59% 54% 24% 60% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? Crown prosecutors 63 October/November survey 20% 25% 24% 27% Some trust 25% 21% 25% 22% 23% 20% 54% 52% 58% 51% 49% 10% 22% 24% 19% No trust 14% 7% 13% 9% 10% 11% 11% 13% 7% 9% 13% 8% 11% 14% 9% 7% LEVELS OF TRUST - CROWN PROSECUTORS Canada (2500) 12% 54% 24% 10% 2015 Vote CPC (449) 15% LPC (774) 15% NDP (302) 8% Completely trust 55% 24% 59% 19% 49% Some trust 32% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? Crown prosecutors 64 October/November survey 6% 7% 11% No trust LEVELS OF TRUST - CROWN PROSECUTORS Canada (2500) Trust in legal/security institutions 12% 54% High (400) Moderate (1223) 24% 70% 10% 26% 3% 3%0% 91% Low (658) 1% 6% 1% 24% 73% Lowest (219) 2% 7% 2% 92% Anonymous online Yes (597) 13% No (1649) 12% 50% 26% 55% 12% 23% 10% Right to digital privacy Agree (1154) 10% Disagree (972) Unsure (374) 53% 17% 8% Completely trust 23% 57% 21% 52% Some trust 32% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? Crown prosecutors 65 October/November survey 15% 5% 8% No trust LEVELS OF TRUST - THE JUSTICE SYSTEM IN CANADA Canada (2500) Region Gender Age Education 14% 54% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 14% 15% 16% 15% 17% 11% 17% 51% 51% 51% 57% 57% 53% 55% Male (1237) Female (1263) 16% 12% 49% 59% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 12% 12% 16% 16% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 10% 13% Completely trust 53% 53% 49% 21% 21% 22% 23% 21% Some trust October/November survey 20% 12% 9% 19% 21% 11% 14% 8% 9% 23% 20% 19% 24% 22% 25% 58% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? The justice system in Canada 66 18% 13% 11% 12% 7% 7% 13% 10% 23% 57% 54% 56% 10% 21% 17% No trust 15% 10% 5% LEVELS OF TRUST - THE JUSTICE SYSTEM IN CANADA Canada (2500) 14% 54% 21% 10% 2015 Vote CPC (449) 16% LPC (774) NDP (302) 51% 19% 58% 10% Completely trust 26% 16% 53% Some trust 26% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? The justice system in Canada 67 October/November survey 7% 7% 11% No trust LEVELS OF TRUST - THE JUSTICE SYSTEM IN CANADA Canada (2500) Trust in legal/security institutions 14% 54% High (400) Moderate (1223) 21% 66% 10% 28% 7% 5% 1% 86% Low (658) 2% 30% Lowest (219) 1% 7% 6% 0% 60% 15% 9% 78% Anonymous online Yes (597) 18% No (1649) 13% Agree (1154) 13% 48% 23% 56% 11% 21% 10% Right to digital privacy Disagree (972) Unsure (374) 52% 18% 58% 10% Completely trust 22% 18% 52% Some trust 26% A little trust Generally speaking, how much do you trust the following to act in the best interests of the public? The justice system in Canada 68 October/November survey 14% 6% 12% No trust SECTION 5 COMPELLING CANADIANS TO RELEASE OR PASSCODES A A DATA Commissione& by: 0' FALL 2016 POLICE SHOULD BE ABLE TO COMPEL CANADIANS TO HAND OVER PASSWORDS OR ENCRYPTION CODES 18% 49% Disagree Unsure 33% Do you agree or disagree that police should be able to compel Canadians to hand over passwords or encryption codes that protect their digital devices or accounts (like email or social media) as part of a criminal investigation? 70 Agree October/November survey POLICE SHOULD BE ABLE TO COMPEL CANADIANS TO HAND OVER PASSWORDS OR ENCRYPTION CODES October (1500) 50% 31% November (1000) 49% 34% Agree Disagree Do you agree or disagree that police should be able to compel Canadians to hand over passwords or encryption codes that protect their digital devices or accounts (like email or social media) as part of a criminal investigation? 71 19% 17% Unsure POLICE SHOULD BE ABLE TO COMPEL CANADIANS TO HAND OVER PASSWORDS OR ENCRYPTION CODES Canada (2500) Region Gender Age Education BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) Male (1237) Female (1263) 49% 33% 47% 51% 50% 47% 49% 50% 32% 32% 29% 33% 34% 34% 44% 60% 54% 27% 20% 17% 21% 19% 18% 16% 13% 41% 25% 15% 21% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 48% 48% 50% 51% 32% 36% 31% 32% 20% 16% 20% 17% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 50% 50% 48% 29% 33% 37% 21% 17% 16% Agree Disagree Do you agree or disagree that police should be able to compel Canadians to hand over passwords or encryption codes that protect their digital devices or accounts (like email or social media) as part of a criminal investigation? 72 18% October/November survey Unsure POLICE SHOULD BE ABLE TO COMPEL CANADIANS TO HAND OVER PASSWORDS OR ENCRYPTION CODES Canada (2500) 49% 33% 18% 2015 Vote CPC (449) 52% LPC (774) 29% 51% NDP (302) 32% 42% Agree 17% 40% Disagree Do you agree or disagree that police should be able to compel Canadians to hand over passwords or encryption codes that protect their digital devices or accounts (like email or social media) as part of a criminal investigation? 73 19% October/November survey 18% Unsure POLICE SHOULD BE ABLE TO COMPEL CANADIANS TO HAND OVER PASSWORDS OR ENCRYPTION CODES Canada (2500) Trust in legal/security institutions 49% High (400) 33% 18% 70% Moderate (1223) 17% 56% Low (658) 28% 36% Lowest (219) 17% 42% 24% 14% 22% 56% 20% Anonymous online Yes (597) 52% No (1649) 51% 36% 13% 33% 16% Right to digital privacy Agree (1154) 42% Disagree (972) 44% 65% Unsure (374) 33% Agree 23% 21% Disagree Do you agree or disagree that police should be able to compel Canadians to hand over passwords or encryption codes that protect their digital devices or accounts (like email or social media) as part of a criminal investigation? 74 14% October/November survey 46% Unsure 13% IF AN INDEPENDENT JUDGE HAS REVIEWED EVIDENCE AND APPROVED A COURT ORDER - SURRENDER PASSWORDS 10% 12% Agree Disagree Unsure 77% 75 What if an independent judge has reviewed evidence and approved a court order? Do you agree or disagree that police - with a judge’s authorization - should be able to force someone of interest in a criminal investigation to surrender their passwords protecting their digital devices and communications? October/November survey IF AN INDEPENDENT JUDGE HAS REVIEWED EVIDENCE AND APPROVED A COURT ORDER - SURRENDER PASSWORDS October (1500) November (1000) Agree 76 79% 11% -4 +4 75% 14% Disagree What if an independent judge has reviewed evidence and approved a court order? Do you agree or disagree that police - with a judge’s authorization - should be able to force someone of interest in a criminal investigation to surrender their passwords protecting their digital devices and communications? Unsure 10% 10% IF AN INDEPENDENT JUDGE HAS REVIEWED EVIDENCE AND APPROVED A COURT ORDER - SURRENDER PASSWORDS Canada (2500) Region Gender Age Education 77% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 79% 77% 75% 77% 76% 77% 81% Male (1237) Female (1263) 73% 76% 74% 78% 82% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 76% 77% 80% Disagree What if an independent judge has reviewed evidence and approved a court order? Do you agree or disagree that police - with a judge’s authorization - should be able to force someone of interest in a criminal investigation to surrender their passwords protecting their digital devices and communications? October/November survey 10% 12% 11% 12% 12% 13% 13% 12% 17% 81% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) Agree 77 12% 8% 12% 15% 10% 11% 11% 14% 12% Unsure 9% 12% 13% 11% 11% 10% 7% 10% 11% 12% 11% 11% 7% 13% 9% 8% IF AN INDEPENDENT JUDGE HAS REVIEWED EVIDENCE AND APPROVED A COURT ORDER - SURRENDER PASSWORDS Canada (2500) 77% 12% 10% 2015 Vote CPC (449) 83% LPC (774) 80% NDP (302) 12% 74% Agree 78 9% Disagree 13% Unsure What if an independent judge has reviewed evidence and approved a court order? Do you agree or disagree that police - with a judge’s authorization - should be able to force someone of interest in a criminal investigation to surrender their passwords protecting their digital devices and communications? October/November survey 8% 8% 12% IF AN INDEPENDENT JUDGE HAS REVIEWED EVIDENCE AND APPROVED A COURT ORDER - SURRENDER PASSWORDS Canada (2500) Trust in legal/security institutions 77% High (400) 12% 10% 88% Moderate (1223) 7% 83% Low (658) 8% 72% Lowest (219) 14% 48% 5% 8% 14% 34% 18% Anonymous online Yes (597) 77% No (1649) 17% 81% 6% 11% 8% Right to digital privacy Agree (1154) 73% Disagree (972) 10% 88% Unsure (374) 63% Agree 79 17% 8% 9% Disagree What if an independent judge has reviewed evidence and approved a court order? Do you agree or disagree that police - with a judge’s authorization - should be able to force someone of interest in a criminal investigation to surrender their passwords protecting their digital devices and communications? October/November survey 28% Unsure 4% ENCRYPTION AND PASSCODES – PUBLIC OPINION CHAIN POLICE BE ABLE TO COMPEL SOMEONE TO GIVE UP THEIR ENCRYPTION OR PASSCODE AS PART OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION Agree, 49% Disagree, 33% Unsure, 18% 59% 59% 97% 1% 2% 38% 3% Agree, 77% 32% Unsure, 10% IF INDEPENDENT JUDGE REVIEWS EVIDENCE AND APPROVES A COURT ORDER 80 9% October/November survey Disagree, 12% IF YOUR FAMILY MEMBER WAS A VICTIM OF A SERIOUS CRIME Police should have the power to compel the person of interest to provide access to their digital devices and/or communications 20% 18% 63% Even if I might really want the person who committed the crime brought to justice, I just don’t believe the police should have the power to compel someone to provide access to their digital devices and/or communications. What if your family member was a victim of a serious crime and police believe key evidence is on a digital device or in someone’s social media account? Which of the following comes closest to your view? 81 October/November survey IF YOUR FAMILY MEMBER WAS A VICTIM OF A SERIOUS CRIME October (1500) 63% 17% 20% November (1000) 62% 18% 20% Police should have the power to compel the person of interest to provide access to their digital devices and/or communications Even if I might really want the person who committed the crime brought to justice, I just don’t believe the police should have the power to compel someone to provide access to their digital devices and/or communications. Unsure What if your family member was a victim of a serious crime and police believe key evidence is on a digital device or in someone’s social media account? Which of the following comes closest to your view? 82 IF YOUR FAMILY MEMBER WAS A VICTIM OF A SERIOUS CRIME Canada (2500) Region Gender BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) Male (1237) Female (1263) Age Education 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 63% 18% 62% 60% 65% 61% 58% 65% 70% 56% 58% 59% 70% 66% 67% 65% 63% 59% 20% 21% 18% 13% 19% 21% 15% 24% 21% 22% 14% 11% 14% 13% 13% 18% 23% 17% 21% 23% 20% 21% 20% 16% 21% 19% 21% 19% 19% 20% 22% 19% 18% Police should have the power to compel the person of interest to provide access to their digital devices and/or communications Even if I might really want the person who committed the crime brought to justice, I just don’t believe the police should have the power to compel someone to provide access to their digital devices and/or communications. What if your family member was a victim of a serious crime and police believe key evidence is on a digital device or in someone’s social media account? Which of the following comes closest to your view? 83 IF YOUR FAMILY MEMBER WAS A VICTIM OF A SERIOUS CRIME Canada (2500) 63% 18% 20% 2015 Vote CPC (449) 69% 16% 15% LPC (774) 63% 18% 19% NDP (302) 63% 18% 18% Police should have the power to compel the person of interest to provide access to their digital devices and/or communications Even if I might really want the person who committed the crime brought to justice, I just don’t believe the police should have the power to compel someone to provide access to their digital devices and/or communications. What if your family member was a victim of a serious crime and police believe key evidence is on a digital device or in someone’s social media account? Which of the following comes closest to your view? 84 October/November survey IF YOUR FAMILY MEMBER WAS A VICTIM OF A SERIOUS CRIME Canada (2500) Trust in legal/security institutions 63% High (400) 78% Moderate (1223) 20% 11% 68% Low (658) Lowest (219) 18% 11% 13% 55% 19% 23% 37% 23% 34% 29% Anonymous online Yes (597) 58% No (1649) Right to digital privacy Agree (1154) 66% 17% 16% 52% Disagree (972) Unsure (374) 25% 17% 27% 79% 55% 21% 10% 8% 11% 38% Police should have the power to compel the person of interest to provide access to their digital devices and/or communications Even if I might really want the person who committed the crime brought to justice, I just don’t believe the police should have the power to compel someone to provide access to their digital devices and/or communications. What if your family member was a victim of a serious crime and police believe key evidence is on a digital device or in someone’s social media account? Which of the following comes closest to your view? 85 October/November survey SECTION 6 COMPELLING TELCOS TO RETAIN USER DATA FOR 2 YEARS A A DATA Commissione& by: 0' FALL 2016 COMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES SHOULD BE COMPELLED TO RETAIN DATA ABOUT A SUBSCRIBER’S INTERNET USE Some police and security agencies argue that Canada needs a new law to force communications companies to retain data so that they can access the Internet history of individuals and witnesses targeted in a criminal investigation. Critics argue that this data retention would allow authorities to collect too much information and potentially monitor every internet and digital user. Do you agree or disagree that communications companies in Canada (such as telephone and Internet providers) should be compelled to retain data about a subscriber’s Internet use for a twoyear period for the purposes of assisting criminal investigations? 87 19% 41% Agree Disagree Unsure 39% October/November survey COMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES SHOULD BE COMPELLED TO RETAIN DATA ABOUT A SUBSCRIBER’S INTERNET USE October (1500) 43% November (1000) 38% 40% Agree 41% Disagree Do you agree or disagree that communications companies in Canada (such as telephone and Internet providers) should be compelled to retain data about a subscriber’s Internet use for a two-year period for the purposes of assisting criminal investigations? 88 19% 20% Unsure COMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES SHOULD BE COMPELLED TO RETAIN DATA ABOUT A SUBSCRIBER’S INTERNET USE Canada (2500) Region Gender Age Education 41% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 39% 40% 41% 34% 40% 41% 46% 41% Male (1237) Female (1263) 44% 19% 39% 40% 40% 40% 35% 38% 39% 44% 46% 33% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 37% 40% 46% 41% 44% 43% 34% 38% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 39% 43% 43% Agree 37% Disagree October/November survey 23% 15% 18% 17% 20% 21% 24% 18% 14% 39% 43% Do you agree or disagree that communications companies in Canada (such as telephone and Internet providers) should be compelled to retain data about a subscriber’s Internet use for a two-year period for the purposes of assisting criminal investigations? 89 20% 19% 23% 20% 20% 16% 24% Unsure COMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES SHOULD BE COMPELLED TO RETAIN DATA ABOUT A SUBSCRIBER’S INTERNET USE Canada (2500) 41% 39% 19% 2015 Vote CPC (449) 47% LPC (774) 34% 45% NDP (302) 37% 36% Agree 19% 17% 48% Disagree 15% Unsure Do you agree or disagree that communications companies in Canada (such as telephone and Internet providers) should be compelled to retain data about a subscriber’s Internet use for a two-year period for the purposes of assisting criminal investigations? 90 October/November survey COMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES SHOULD BE COMPELLED TO RETAIN DATA ABOUT A SUBSCRIBER’S INTERNET USE Canada (2500) Trust in legal/security institutions 41% 39% High (400) 19% 69% Moderate (1223) 19% 44% Low (658) 36% 27% Lowest (219) 20% 50% 24% 12% 23% 59% 17% Anonymous online Yes (597) 43% No (1649) 42% 42% 15% 41% 17% Right to digital privacy Agree (1154) 35% Disagree (972) 51% 54% Unsure (374) 27% Agree 14% 30% 27% Disagree Do you agree or disagree that communications companies in Canada (such as telephone and Internet providers) should be compelled to retain data about a subscriber’s Internet use for a two-year period for the purposes of assisting criminal investigations? 91 October/November survey 16% 46% Unsure WHAT IF POLICE GET A WARRANT TO REVIEW THE DATA STORED BY TELCOS? 14% Agree 21% Disagree 66% 92 What if police are only permitted to access digital records if they first get a warrant, and can only review the records of individuals targeted in a criminal investigation? Do you agree or disagree that communications companies in Canada (such as telephone and Internet providers) should be compelled to retain data about a subscriber’s Internet use for a two-year period for potential use in police investigations? October/November survey Unsure WHAT IF POLICE GET A WARRANT TO REVIEW THE DATA STORED BY TELCOS? October (1500) 67% 19% 14% +4 November (1000) 64% Agree 93 23% Disagree What if police are only permitted to access digital records if they first get a warrant, and can only review the records of individuals targeted in a criminal investigation? Do you agree or disagree that communications companies in Canada (such as telephone and Internet providers) should be compelled to retain data about a subscriber’s Internet use for a two-year period for potential use in police investigations? Unsure 13% WHAT IF POLICE GET A WARRANT TO REVIEW THE DATA STORED BY TELCOS? Canada (2500) Region Gender Age Education 66% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 59% 68% 73% 66% 63% 64% 61% Male (1237) Female (1263) 17% 20% 20% 22% 24% 23% 14% 19% 16% 21% 8% 14% 15% 12% 16% 63% 68% 26% 15% 11% 17% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 65% 61% 67% 69% 22% 25% 18% 18% 13% 15% 15% 12% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 64% 66% 67% 20% 20% 22% 16% 13% 11% Agree 94 21% Disagree What if police are only permitted to access digital records if they first get a warrant, and can only review the records of individuals targeted in a criminal investigation? Do you agree or disagree that communications companies in Canada (such as telephone and Internet providers) should be compelled to retain data about a subscriber’s Internet use for a two-year period for potential use in police investigations? October/November survey Unsure WHAT IF POLICE GET A WARRANT TO REVIEW THE DATA STORED BY TELCOS? Canada (2500) 66% 21% 14% 2015 Vote CPC (449) 73% LPC (774) 71% NDP (302) 18% 65% Agree 95 17% 25% Disagree Unsure What if police are only permitted to access digital records if they first get a warrant, and can only review the records of individuals targeted in a criminal investigation? Do you agree or disagree that communications companies in Canada (such as telephone and Internet providers) should be compelled to retain data about a subscriber’s Internet use for a two-year period for potential use in police investigations? October/November survey 11% 11% 10% WHAT IF POLICE GET A WARRANT TO REVIEW THE DATA STORED BY TELCOS? Canada (2500) Trust in legal/security institutions 66% 21% High (400) 14% 84% Moderate (1223) 8% 69% Low (658) 18% 59% Lowest (219) 14% 26% 40% 8% 15% 41% 19% Anonymous online Yes (597) 62% No (1649) 27% 69% 11% 20% 12% Right to digital privacy Agree (1154) 60% Disagree (972) 76% Unsure (374) 58% Agree 96 28% 13% 15% 12% Disagree What if police are only permitted to access digital records if they first get a warrant, and can only review the records of individuals targeted in a criminal investigation? Do you agree or disagree that communications companies in Canada (such as telephone and Internet providers) should be compelled to retain data about a subscriber’s Internet use for a two-year period for potential use in police investigations? October/November survey 30% Unsure 9% SECTION 7 BASIC DIGITAL IDENTIFICATION A A DATA Commssonec? by: '0 FALL 2016 POLICE SHOULD BE REQUIRED TO GO TO A JUDGE TO OBTAIN A WARRANT EVERY TIME THEY SEARCH SOMEONE’S BASIC DIGITAL IDENTIFICATION 9% 13% Agree Disagree Unsure 78% Do you agree or disagree that police should be required to go to a judge to obtain a warrant every time they search someone’s basic digital identification – name, email address, IP address? 98 October/November survey POLICE SHOULD BE REQUIRED TO GO TO A JUDGE TO OBTAIN A WARRANT EVERY TIME THEY SEARCH SOMEONE’S BASIC DIGITAL IDENTIFICATION October (1500) 76% 15% 10% +4 November (1000) 80% Agree Disagree Do you agree or disagree that police should be required to go to a judge to obtain a warrant every time they search someone’s basic digital identification – name, email address, IP address? 99 12% Unsure 8% POLICE SHOULD BE REQUIRED TO GO TO A JUDGE TO OBTAIN A WARRANT EVERY TIME THEY SEARCH SOMEONE’S BASIC DIGITAL IDENTIFICATION Canada (2500) Region Gender Age Education BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) Male (1237) Female (1263) 78% 13% 9% 78% 74% 76% 76% 74% 81% 80% 12% 16% 12% 15% 15% 12% 11% 9% 10% 11% 9% 11% 7% 10% 74% 82% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 72% 78% 79% 81% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 75% 80% 78% Agree Disagree Do you agree or disagree that police should be required to go to a judge to obtain a warrant every time they search someone’s basic digital identification – name, email address, IP address? 100 October/November survey 12% 6% 11% 17% 13% 11% 13% 10% 9% 10% 6% 15% 14% 12% 15% Unsure 11% 8% 7% POLICE SHOULD BE REQUIRED TO GO TO A JUDGE TO OBTAIN A WARRANT EVERY TIME THEY SEARCH SOMEONE’S BASIC DIGITAL IDENTIFICATION Canada (2500) 78% 13% 9% 2015 Vote CPC (449) 74% 16% LPC (774) 80% 13% 7% NDP (302) 81% 12% 8% Agree Disagree Unsure Do you agree or disagree that police should be required to go to a judge to obtain a warrant every time they search someone’s basic digital identification – name, email address, IP address? 101 10% October/November survey POLICE SHOULD BE REQUIRED TO GO TO A JUDGE TO OBTAIN A WARRANT EVERY TIME THEY SEARCH SOMEONE’S BASIC DIGITAL IDENTIFICATION Canada (2500) Trust in legal/security institutions 78% High (400) 13% 70% 22% Moderate (1223) 78% Low (658) 9% 14% 82% Lowest (219) 9% 8% 8% 77% 12% 10% 11% Anonymous online Yes (597) 79% No (1649) 80% 15% 14% 6% 7% Right to digital privacy Agree (1154) 84% Disagree (972) 72% Unsure (374) 71% Agree Disagree Do you agree or disagree that police should be required to go to a judge to obtain a warrant every time they search someone’s basic digital identification – name, email address, IP address? 102 10% October/November survey 21% 6% Unsure 6% 7% 23% SUPPORT FOR LAW TO ALLOW FOR ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORIZATION INSTEAD OF JUDICIAL REVIEW TO GAIN ACCESS TO SOMEONE’S BASIC DIGITAL IDENTIFICATION In 2014, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled internet users have a "reasonable expectation of privacy." This now means police must first convince a judge there is cause to suspect a crime has been committed before a court will authorize them to obtain an internet user's basic digital information (email address or IP address). Police complain this is proving too difficult and that looking up a person’s basic digital identification should be as easy as looking up a licence plate. Critics, however, argue that once police learn a user’s IP address it then allows them to seek a warrant to examine a user’s wider internet history, physical movements and location. Given this information, would you support or oppose a change to current law that would allow police to get approval from a senior police officer or Crown attorney instead of a judge to gain access to someone’s basic digital identification – name, email address, IP address? 103 October/November survey 17% 35% Support Oppose 48% Unsure ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORIZATION INSTEAD OF JUDICIAL REVIEW TO GAIN ACCESS TO SOMEONE’S BASIC DIGITAL IDENTIFICATION October (1500) November (1000) 46% -6 +6 32% Support 104 37% 17% 52% Oppose Given this information, would you support or oppose a change to current law that would allow police to get approval from a senior police officer or Crown attorney instead of a judge to gain access to someone’s basic digital identification – name, email address, IP address? 16% Unsure ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORIZATION INSTEAD OF JUDICIAL REVIEW TO GAIN ACCESS TO SOMEONE’S BASIC DIGITAL IDENTIFICATION Canada (2500) Region Gender Age Education 35% BC (271) AB (219) SK/MB (166) ON (1137) GTHA (897) QC (475) ATL (232) 35% 34% 31% 36% 35% 37% 33% Male (1237) Female (1263) 29% 17% 47% 51% 53% 50% 48% 46% 47% 18% 15% 16% 15% 17% 18% 21% 60% 38% 40% 18 - 29 (508) 30 - 44 (705) 45 - 59 (701) 60 and over (586) 41% 35% 35% 30% 40% 47% 47% 58% HS or less (555) College (934) University (1011) 34% 35% 37% 46% 50% 50% Support 105 48% Oppose Given this information, would you support or oppose a change to current law that would allow police to get approval from a senior police officer or Crown attorney instead of a judge to gain access to someone’s basic digital identification – name, email address, IP address? October/November survey 22% 11% 19% 18% 17% 12% 21% 15% 13% Unsure ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORIZATION INSTEAD OF JUDICIAL REVIEW TO GAIN ACCESS TO SOMEONE’S BASIC DIGITAL IDENTIFICATION Canada (2500) 35% 48% 17% 2015 Vote CPC (449) 37% LPC (774) 33% NDP (302) 34% Support 49% 14% 50% 16% 52% Oppose 13% Unsure Given this information, would you support or oppose a change to current law that would allow police to get approval from a senior police officer or Crown attorney instead of a judge to gain access to someone’s basic digital identification – name, email address, IP address? 106 October/November survey ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORIZATION INSTEAD OF JUDICIAL REVIEW TO GAIN ACCESS TO SOMEONE’S BASIC DIGITAL IDENTIFICATION Canada (2500) Trust in legal/security institutions 35% 48% High (400) 60% Moderate (1223) 29% 39% Low (658) Lowest (219) 17% 11% 42% 21% 19% 65% 17% 15% 63% 20% Anonymous online Yes (597) 34% No (1649) 53% 36% 13% 49% 14% Right to digital privacy Agree (1154) 29% Disagree (972) 47% Unsure (374) 23% Support 107 55% 16% 42% 11% 43% Oppose Given this information, would you support or oppose a change to current law that would allow police to get approval from a senior police officer or Crown attorney instead of a judge to gain access to someone’s basic digital identification – name, email address, IP address? October/November survey 34% Unsure SECTION 8 IMPACT OF RECENT NEWS STORIES OF CSIS AND QUEBEC POLICE ON OPINIONS Commissioned by: FALL 2016 FAMILIAR WITH CSIS STORY Very familiar 6% 20% Somewhat familiar 51% 24% Only heard about the story Did not hear about it before today 109 Last week, a federal court judge ruled CSIS was not 'candid' with judges in obtaining warrants to conduct spying activities - and illegally held on to and spied on Canadian's private data for years. Before hearing about this today, how familiar were you with the story? Were you... FAMILIAR WITH CSIS STORY Canada (1000) Region Gender Age Education BC (120) 4% AB (90) 5% SK/MB (110) 4% ON (300) 6% GTHA (191) 2% QC (220) 9% ATL (160) 4% Male (499) Female (501) 8% 4% 18 - 29 (204) 30 - 44 (268) 45 - 59 (291) 60 and over (237) 5% 7% 5% 7% HS or less (255) College (387) University (358) 7% 4% 7% Very familiar 110 6% 20% 13% 17% 17% 22% 21% 17% 24% 25% 26% 25% 23% 22% 22% 17% 20% 15% 20% 47% 52% 53% 56% 42% 58% 25% 17% 27% 20% 26% 21% Somewhat familiar 58% 22% 26% 24% 20% 16% 29% 51% 59% 57% 22% 25% 43% 49% 52% 45% 28% 57% 51% 25% Only heard about the story 39% Did not hear about it before today Last week, a federal court judge ruled CSIS was not 'candid' with judges in obtaining warrants to conduct spying activities - and illegally held on to and spied on Canadian's private data for years. Before hearing about this today, how familiar were you with the story? Were you... FAMILIAR WITH CSIS STORY Canada (1000) 6% 20% 24% 51% 2015 Vote CPC (156) LPC (314) 5% NDP (122) 5% Very familiar 111 10% 21% 25% 23% Somewhat familiar 28% 42% 22% 47% 29% Only heard about the story 43% Did not hear about it before today Last week, a federal court judge ruled CSIS was not 'candid' with judges in obtaining warrants to conduct spying activities - and illegally held on to and spied on Canadian's private data for years. Before hearing about this today, how familiar were you with the story? Were you... FAMILIAR WITH CSIS STORY Canada (1000) Trust in legal/security institutions 6% High (152) Moderate (464) Low (275) 20% 9% 24% 51% 23% 5% 23% 23% 4% 23% 16% Lowest (109) 11% Yes (250) 11% 45% 50% 27% 17% 54% 19% 53% Anonymous online No (659) 4% 26% 19% 23% 39% 25% 52% Right to digital privacy Agree (487) 7% Disagree (372) 6% Unsure (141) 2% Very familiar 112 23% 19% 13% 24% 46% 27% 13% Somewhat familiar 48% 72% Only heard about the story Did not hear about it before today Last week, a federal court judge ruled CSIS was not 'candid' with judges in obtaining warrants to conduct spying activities - and illegally held on to and spied on Canadian's private data for years. Before hearing about this today, how familiar were you with the story? Were you... FAMILIAR WITH QUEBEC JOURNALIST STORY Very familiar 13% Somewhat familiar 46% 21% Only heard about the story 20% 113 Also last week, six journalists in Quebec discovered they'd been spied on by both the Montreal police department and the provincial police (Surete du Quebec) which had obtained authorizations from a justice of the peace to track mobile phones of the journalists. It was part of a police probe into corruption in the construction industry as well as an investigation into leaks to the media from inside police agencies. Before hearing about this today, how familiar were you with the story? Were you... Did not hear about it before today FAMILIAR WITH QUEBEC JOURNALIST STORY Canada (1000) Region Gender Age Education BC (120) AB (90) SK/MB (110) ON (300) GTHA (191) QC (220) ATL (160) Male (499) Female (501) 18 - 29 (204) 30 - 44 (268) 45 - 59 (291) 60 and over (237) HS or less (255) College (387) University (358) Very familiar 114 13% 4% 7% 3% 7% 4% 17% 21% 27% 18% 27% 24% 18% 22% 18% 15% 19% 33% 18% 6% 9% 20% 18% 9% 14% 12% 18% 12% 11% 19% 15% 21% 23% 20% 18% 20% Somewhat familiar 26% 16% 20% 23% 25% 52% 54% 52% 54% 58% 17% 58% 28% 18% 19% 45% 17% 20% 21% 22% 28% 47% 48% 49% 46% 20% Only heard about the story 35% 55% 56% 22% 31% 37% Did not hear about it before today Also last week, six journalists in Quebec discovered they'd been spied on by both the Montreal police department and the provincial police (Surete du Quebec) which had obtained authorizations from a justice of the peace to track mobile phones of the journalists. It was part of a police probe into corruption in the construction industry as well as an investigation into leaks to the media from inside police agencies. Before hearing about this today, how familiar were you with the story? Were you... FAMILIAR WITH QUEBEC JOURNALIST STORY Canada (1000) 13% CPC (156) 14% LPC (314) 14% 20% 21% 45% 2015 Vote NDP (122) Very familiar 115 16% 25% 28% 21% Somewhat familiar 45% 20% 21% 38% 23% Only heard about the story 35% Did not hear about it before today Also last week, six journalists in Quebec discovered they'd been spied on by both the Montreal police department and the provincial police (Surete du Quebec) which had obtained authorizations from a justice of the peace to track mobile phones of the journalists. It was part of a police probe into corruption in the construction industry as well as an investigation into leaks to the media from inside police agencies. Before hearing about this today, how familiar were you with the story? Were you... FAMILIAR WITH QUEBEC JOURNALIST STORY Canada (1000) Trust in legal/security institutions 13% High (152) Moderate (464) Low (275) 20% 15% 18% 11% 21% 12% Lowest (109) 21% 45% 22% 45% 20% 20% 47% 24% 22% 19% 44% 20% 39% Anonymous online Yes (250) No (659) 17% 27% 12% 19% 20% 36% 22% 47% Right to digital privacy Agree (487) Disagree (372) Unsure (141) Very familiar 116 17% 24% 11% 8% 19% 11% Somewhat familiar 21% 39% 23% 19% 47% 62% Only heard about the story Did not hear about it before today Also last week, six journalists in Quebec discovered they'd been spied on by both the Montreal police department and the provincial police (Surete du Quebec) which had obtained authorizations from a justice of the peace to track mobile phones of the journalists. It was part of a police probe into corruption in the construction industry as well as an investigation into leaks to the media from inside police agencies. Before hearing about this today, how familiar were you with the story? Were you... IMPACT OF STORIES 12% 39% 48% More likely to support granting police and intelligence agencies more power Less likely to support granting police and intelligence agencies more power It doesn't impact your view either way Do these stories make you more likely, less likely, or do they have no impact on whether you would support granting police and intelligence agencies more powers to access personal digital and online data to help investigate criminal activities? 117 IMPACT OF STORIES Canada (1000) Region Gender Age Education 12% 48% 40% BC (120) AB (90) SK/MB (110) ON (300) GTHA (191) QC (220) ATL (160) 16% 12% 13% 9% 9% 15% 11% Male (499) Female (501) 10% 15% 52% 43% 38% 43% 18 - 29 (204) 30 - 44 (268) 45 - 59 (291) 60 and over (237) 14% 12% 12% 11% 48% 47% 43% 53% 38% 41% 46% 35% HS or less (255) College (387) University (358) 12% 11% 14% 50% 45% 50% 34% 38% 41% 46% 40% 39% 37% 45% 50% 46% 52% 46% 47% More likely to support granting police and intelligence agencies more power 42% 42% 52% It doesn't impact your view either way Do these stories make you more likely, less likely, or do they have no impact on whether you would support granting police and intelligence agencies more powers to access personal digital and online data to help investigate criminal activities? 118 34% Less likely to support granting police and intelligence agencies more power IMPACT OF STORIES Canada (1000) 12% CPC (156) 13% 48% 40% 2015 Vote LPC (314) NDP (122) 39% 18% 4% 48% 45% 38% 60% More likely to support granting police and intelligence agencies more power 36% Less likely to support granting police and intelligence agencies more power It doesn't impact your view either way Do these stories make you more likely, less likely, or do they have no impact on whether you would support granting police and intelligence agencies more powers to access personal digital and online data to help investigate criminal activities? 119 IMPACT OF STORIES Canada (1000) Trust in legal/security institutions 12% High (152) 25% Moderate (464) Low (275) Lowest (109) 48% 40% 21% 14% 54% 45% 5% 41% 59% 7% 36% 63% 30% Anonymous online Yes (250) No (659) 15% 52% 11% 32% 48% 41% Right to digital privacy Agree (487) 13% Disagree (372) 12% Unsure (141) 8% 55% 31% 39% 48% 40% More likely to support granting police and intelligence agencies more power 52% Less likely to support granting police and intelligence agencies more power It doesn't impact your view either way Do these stories make you more likely, less likely, or do they have no impact on whether you would support granting police and intelligence agencies more powers to access personal digital and online data to help investigate criminal activities? 120 CONFIDENCE POLICE WILL USE POWERS REASONABLY AND ACCORDING TO THE LAW Completely confident 12% 3% 31% 18% Confident enough Lack confidence Not confident at all 35% Unsure 121 Given what you know about these news stories, if police and intelligence agencies are granted more powers to access personal digital and online data to help investigate criminal activities, are you completely confident, confident enough, or do you lack confidence that they will use these powers reasonably and according to the law? CONFIDENCE POLICE WILL USE POWERS REASONABLY AND ACCORDING TO THE LAW Canada (1000) Region Gender Age Education 3% BC (120) 3% AB (90) 1% SK/MB (110) 3% ON (300) 3% GTHA (191) 4% QC (220) 4% ATL (160) 4% 27% 38% 37% 32% 31% 27% 35% Male (499) Female (501) 27% 3% 4% 18 - 29 (204) 4% 30 - 44 (268) 5% 45 - 59 (291) 3% 60 and over (237) 2% HS or less (255) College (387) University (358) 4% 3% 4% Completely confident 122 31% 35% 35% 19% 40% 32% 34% 34% 34% 31% 30% 31% 34% 33% 37% 33% Confident enough Lack confidence 17% 20% 18% 21% 16% 25% 35% 35% 28% 31% 45% 28% 18% 44% 34% 34% 31% 33% 12% 21% 18% 18% 12% 18% 18% 18% 20% Not confident at all Given what you know about these news stories, if police and intelligence agencies are granted more powers to access personal digital and online data to help investigate criminal activities, are you completely confident, confident enough, or do you lack confidence that they will use these powers reasonably and according to the law? 13% 12% 12% 13% 14% 14% 11% 5% 11% 14% 10% 15% 15% 8% 16% 12% 8% Unsure CONFIDENCE POLICE WILL USE POWERS REASONABLY AND ACCORDING TO THE LAW Canada (1000) 3% CPC (156) 4% 31% 35% 19% 12% 2015 Vote LPC (314) 6% NDP (122) 1% Completely confident 123 41% 30% 31% 27% Confident enough 13% 36% 17% 38% Lack confidence 28% Not confident at all Given what you know about these news stories, if police and intelligence agencies are granted more powers to access personal digital and online data to help investigate criminal activities, are you completely confident, confident enough, or do you lack confidence that they will use these powers reasonably and according to the law? 13% 10% 6% Unsure CONFIDENCE POLICE WILL USE POWERS REASONABLY AND ACCORDING TO THE LAW Canada (1000) Trust in legal/security institutions 3% 31% High (152) 35% 17% 57% Moderate (464) 2% Low (275) 19% 12% 42% 11% 38% 44% Lowest (109) 1% 5% 12% 2% 6% 32% 28% 12% 12% 13% 53% 13% Anonymous online Yes (250) 5% No (659) 3% Agree (487) 3% Disagree (372) 4% 31% 35% 32% 22% 37% 7% 18% 10% Right to digital privacy Unsure (141) 3% Completely confident 124 26% 35% 42% 22% 31% Confident enough Lack confidence 25% 10% 35% 10% 16% 28% Not confident at all Given what you know about these news stories, if police and intelligence agencies are granted more powers to access personal digital and online data to help investigate criminal activities, are you completely confident, confident enough, or do you lack confidence that they will use these powers reasonably and according to the law? 9% Unsure CONFIDENCE THE COURTS WILL EFFECTIVELY OVERSEE CSIS Completely confident 14% 4% Confident enough 13% 35% Lack confidence 35% Not confident at all Unsure Finally, given what you know about these news stories, how confident are you that courts in Canada can effectively oversee Canada's spy agency CSIS when it grants to it warrant to access the personal digital and online data of Canadians? Are you... 125 CONFIDENCE THE COURTS WILL EFFECTIVELY OVERSEE CSIS Canada (1000) Region Gender Age Education 4% 35% BC (120) AB (90) SK/MB (110) ON (300) GTHA (191) QC (220) ATL (160) 3% 3% 5% 3% 6% 4% 4% 33% 39% 28% 31% 30% 39% 40% Male (499) Female (501) 4% 3% 32% 38% 18 - 29 (204) 4% 30 - 44 (268) 5% 45 - 59 (291) 4% 60 and over (237) 1% 31% 34% 36% 38% HS or less (255) College (387) University (358) 4% 3% 4% Completely confident 34% 36% 35% Confident enough 35% 39% 37% 34% 32% 35% 12% 43% 33% 32% 9% 15% 15% 12% 9% 18% 7% 11% 11% 12% 33% 35% 40% 11% 14% Not confident at all Finally, given what you know about these news stories, how confident are you that courts in Canada can effectively oversee Canada's spy agency CSIS when it grants to it warrant to access the personal digital and online data of Canadians? Are you... 126 15% 35% 38% 33% 33% 38% Lack confidence 14% 11% 10% 6% 21% 16% 16% 12% 15% 11% 16% 15% 12% 17% 16% 15% 8% 18% 12% 9% Unsure CONFIDENCE THE COURTS WILL EFFECTIVELY OVERSEE CSIS Canada (1000) 4% 35% 35% 12% 14% 2015 Vote CPC (156) 5% LPC (314) 4% NDP (122) 1% Completely confident 34% 41% 44% 33% Confident enough 8% 33% 39% Lack confidence 20% Not confident at all Finally, given what you know about these news stories, how confident are you that courts in Canada can effectively oversee Canada's spy agency CSIS when it grants to it warrant to access the personal digital and online data of Canadians? Are you... 127 8% 12% 10% 7% Unsure CONFIDENCE THE COURTS WILL EFFECTIVELY OVERSEE CSIS Canada (1000) Trust in legal/security institutions 4% 35% High (152) 35% 22% 53% Moderate (464) 1% 34% 19% Lowest (109) 53% 10% 23% 14% 12% 46% Low (275) 1% 12% 2% 3% 16% 12% 15% 11% 50% 17% Anonymous online Yes (250) 8% 32% No (659) 2% 36% 36% 15% 37% 12% 9% 12% Right to digital privacy Agree (487) 4% Disagree (372) 3% Unsure (141) 3% Completely confident 33% 35% 43% 22% Confident enough 17% 36% 33% Lack confidence 12% Not confident at all Finally, given what you know about these news stories, how confident are you that courts in Canada can effectively oversee Canada's spy agency CSIS when it grants to it warrant to access the personal digital and online data of Canadians? Are you... 128 11% 6% 12% 31% Unsure RIGHT TO DIGITAL PRIVACY: IMPACT OF FOLLOWING NEWS STORIES % Agreeing Following Closely Aware but not following closely Unaware Every Canadian should have a right to complete digital privacy meaning that under no circumstances should the digital identity of an internet user be disclosed or released to police. 67% 61% 56% What if that person is suspected by police of committing a serious crime? 44% 35% 25% What if a judge believes there are reasonable ground to investigate a crime suspect’s online or digital activities? 40% 34% 21% Unsure responses removed 129 HANDING OVER PASSCODES OR ENCRYPTION: IMPACT OF FOLLOWING NEWS STORIES % Agreeing Following Closely Aware but not following closely Unaware Do you agree or disagree that police should be able to compel Canadians to hand over passwords or encryption codes that protect their digital devices or accounts (like email or social media) as part of a criminal investigation? 54% 55% 61% What if an independent judge has reviewed evidence and approved a court order? 76% 81% 87% Unsure responses removed 130 DATA RETENTION BY COMMS COMPANIES: BEFORE AND AFTER % Agreeing Following Closely Aware but not following closely Unaware Do you agree or disagree that communications companies in Canada (such as telephone and Internet providers) should be compelled to retain data about a subscriber’s Internet use for a two-year period for the purposes of assisting criminal investigations? 71% 72% 75% What if police are only permitted to access digital records if they first get a warrant, and can only review the records of individuals targeted in a criminal investigation? 29% 28% 25% Unsure responses removed 131 ACCESSING BASIC DIGITAL ID: BEFORE AND AFTER % Agreeing Do you agree or disagree that police should be required to go to a judge to obtain a warrant every time they search someone’s basic digital identification – name, email address, IP address? Following Closely Aware but not following closely Unaware 88% 87% 86% % Support Given this information, would you support or oppose a change to current law that would allow police to get approval from a senior police officer or Crown attorney instead of a judge to gain access to someone’s basic digital identification – name, email address, IP address? Following Closely Aware but not following closely Unaware 31% 39% 40% Unsure responses removed 132 CONFIDENCE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT/JUSTICE SYSTEM: BEFORE AND AFTER % who completely/somewhat trust 133 Following Closely Aware but not following closely Unaware The police force that serves your community 63% 66% 64% Canadian intelligence agencies like CSIS 56% 61% 62% Crown prosecutors 60% 64% 63% The justice system in Canada 62% 71% 64% SECTION 9 SUMMARIZING CHANGES OVER TIME A A DATA Commissione? by: '0 FALL 2016 RIGHT TO DIGITAL PRIVACY: BEFORE AND AFTER Wave 1 % Agree Wave 2 % Agree Difference Every Canadian should have a right to complete digital privacy meaning that under no circumstances should the digital identity of an internet user be disclosed or released to police. 45% 50% +5* What if that person is suspected by police of committing a serious crime? 21% 27% +6* What if a judge believes there are reasonable ground to investigate a crime suspect’s online or digital activities? 22% 24% +2 * Statistically significant difference 135 HANDING OVER PASSCODES OR ENCRYPTION: BEFORE AND AFTER Wave 1 % Agree Wave 2 % Agree Difference Do you agree or disagree that police should be able to compel Canadians to hand over passwords or encryption codes that protect their digital devices or accounts (like email or social media) as part of a criminal investigation? 50% 49% -1 What if an independent judge has reviewed evidence and approved a court order? 79% 75% -4 * Statistically significant difference 136 DATA RETENTION BY COMMS COMPANIES: BEFORE AND AFTER Wave 1 % Agree Wave 2 % Agree Difference Do you agree or disagree that communications companies in Canada (such as telephone and Internet providers) should be compelled to retain data about a subscriber’s Internet use for a two-year period for the purposes of assisting criminal investigations? 43% 40% -3 What if police are only permitted to access digital records if they first get a warrant, and can only review the records of individuals targeted in a criminal investigation? 67% 64% -3 * Statistically significant difference 137 ACCESSING BASIC DIGITAL ID: BEFORE AND AFTER Do you agree or disagree that police should be required to go to a judge to obtain a warrant every time they search someone’s basic digital identification – name, email address, IP address? Given this information, would you support or oppose a change to current law that would allow police to get approval from a senior police officer or Crown attorney instead of a judge to gain access to someone’s basic digital identification – name, email address, IP address? Wave 1 % Agree Wave 2 % Agree Difference 76% 80% +4* Wave 1 % Support Wave 2 % Support Difference 37% 32% -5* * Statistically significant difference 138 CONFIDENCE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT/JUSTICE SYSTEM: BEFORE AND AFTER Wave 1 % completely or somewhat trust Wave 2 % completely or somewhat trust Difference The police force that serves your community 70% 65% -5 Canadian intelligence agencies like CSIS 67% 61% -6* Crown prosecutors 69% 63% -6* The justice system in Canada 70% 65% -5* * Statistically significant difference 139