SUMMARY: STATE LAWS REGARDING PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS

November 2016

This document provides a summary of the laws in each state relevant to the certification of presidential electors and the meeting of those electors to cast votes for
the President and Vice President. In most states, the selection/nomination of presidential electors takes place at meetings or conventions of the political parties
held in each state during a Presidential election year. Generally, the process and procedures for selecting presidential electors is based on the particular bylaws,
rules, regulations, etc. of the various political parties in each state. This document references the state laws directing the political parties to certify the names of the
presidential electors to the Secretary of State or other chief election officials following their selection. Note that while not covered in this document, independent
presidential candidates, and presidential candidates representing certain political organizations, who gain ballot access by petition, as well as presidential write-in
candidates who file a declaration or statement of write-in candidacy (where applicable) also designate presidential electors. State laws generally require that these
candidates include the names of the electors when they file the petition, declaration, etc. with the appropriate state election official.
The United States Constitution and federal statutes provide the basic requirements for voting by the presidential electors (see links below for additional
information on these laws). State laws reflect these requirements and generally vary with regard to whether/how additional procedures are covered. For example,
while most states address the issue of a vacancy among electors, the process for filling a vacancy may vary among states. Also, while 29 states and Washington DC
require that presidential electors cast their vote for the presidential candidate for the party they were selected to represent, the specific requirements and
procedures vary. For example, some laws simply state that electors must vote for the candidate of the party they represent, while others require electors sign an
oath or a pledge. Also, some states specify what happens if an elector violates the requirement, for example in some states this is treated as a vacancy which is
filled accordingly. A few states also provide criminal penalties if an elector violates the requirement.
Individuals with questions about political party procedures for selecting or nominating presidential electors, or state laws concerning the meeting of the
presidential electors and casting of votes, should contact the relevant state political parties, or state election officials, as appropriate.
Resources:
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National Conference of State Legislatures: (NCSL)
The Electoral College


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National Archives and Records Administration: (NARA)
About the Electors
What is the Electoral College
Federal Electoral College Provisions
Electoral College FAQs

 State
Alabama

The certificate of nomination by political party convention for candidates for President and Vice President must be signed by the presiding
officer and secretary of the convention and by the chair of the state executive or central committee of the political party making the
nomination. The certificate of nomination must include the names of the individual selected as presidential electors, and a statement
signed by the electors affirming that they will cast their ballot as an elector for the candidates for President and Vice President for whom
they agreed to serve as an elector.
The electors of President and Vice President are to assemble at the office of the Secretary of State, at the seat of government at 12:00
noon on the second Tuesday in December next after their election, or at that hour on such other day as may be fixed by Congress, to elect
such President and Vice President, and those of them present at that hour must at once proceed by ballot and plurality of votes to supply
the places of those who fail to attend on that day and hour.
Code of Alabama § 17-14-31

Alaska

The candidates for electors of President and Vice-President of the United States shall be selected by the state party convention or in any
other manner prescribed by the bylaws of the party. The party shall require from each candidate for elector a pledge that as an elector the
person will vote for the candidates nominated by the party of which the person is a candidate. The chairperson and secretary of the state
convention or any other party official designated by the party bylaws shall certify a list of the names of candidates for electors to the
director of elections.
Any qualified voter except a United States senator or representative or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States
may be selected as a candidate for elector.
The electors shall meet at the office of the director of elections or other place designated by the director at 11:00 o'clock in the morning
on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December following their election. If Congress fixes a different day for the meeting,
the electors shall meet on the day designated by the Act of Congress. If there is a vacancy caused by death, failure to attend, ineligibility,
or other cause, and if available alternates have not been designated, the electors shall fill the vacancy by plurality vote.
After any vacancies have been filled, the electors shall proceed to cast their votes for the candidates for the office of President and VicePresident of the party that selected them as candidates for electors,
(Alaska Stat. §§ 15.30.020, 15.30.030, 15.30.040, 15.30.070, 15.30.080, 15.30.090).

 Arizona

The chairman of the state committee of a political party which is qualified for representation on an official party ballot at the primary
election and accorded a column on the general election ballot shall appoint candidates for the office of presidential elector and must file
nomination papers with the Secretary of State for each candidate and an affidavit including facts sufficient to show that the candidate
resides in the state and will be qualified at the time of the election to hold the office of presidential elector.
(Ariz. Rev. Stat. §§ 16-341, 16-344)

Arkansas

In each year in which a President and Vice President of the United States are chosen, each political party or group in the state shall choose
by its state convention electors of President and Vice President of the United States. The state convention of the party or group shall also
choose electors at large if any are to be appointed for the state. The state convention of the party or group, by its chair and secretary, shall
certify to the Secretary of State the total list of electors together with electors at large so chosen.
The electors shall meet at the office of the Secretary of State, in a room to be designated by him or her in the State Capitol Building, at the
time appointed by the laws of the United States at the hour of 10:00 a.m. of that day, and give their votes for President and for Vice
President of the United States.
In case any person duly elected an elector of President and Vice President of the United States shall fail to attend at the Capitol on the day
on which his or her vote is required to be given, it shall be the duty of the electors of President and Vice President attending at the time
and place to appoint persons to fill the vacancies.
(Ark. Code Ann. §§ 7-8-302, 7-8-306, 7-8-307).

California

Presidential electors are designated by the political parties (see California Elections Code Ann. § 7100 for Democratic Party selection of
electors; see §7300 for Republican party selection of electors).
Whenever a political party submits to the Secretary of State its certified list of nominees for electors of President and Vice President of the
United States, the Secretary of State shall notify each candidate for elector of his or her nomination by the party. The electors chosen shall
assemble at the State Capitol at 2 o'clock in the afternoon on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December next following
their election. In case of the death or absence of any elector chosen, or if the number of electors is deficient for any other reason, the
electors then present shall elect, from the citizens of the state, as many persons as will supply the deficiency. The electors, when
convened, if both candidates are alive, shall vote by ballot for that person for President and that person for Vice President of the United
States, who are, respectively, the candidates of the political party which they represent, one of whom, at least, is not an inhabitant of this
state. The electors shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in separate ballots the person voted for as Vice
President. The electors shall make separate lists of all persons voted for as President and of all persons voted for as Vice President, and of
the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign, certify, seal, and transmit by mail to the seat of the Government of the United

 States, directed to the President of the Senate.
(California Elections Code Ann. §§ 6901, 6904, 6905, 6906, 6907, 6908).
Colorado

Any convention of delegates of a political party or any committee authorized by resolution of the convention may nominate presidential
electors. All nominations for vacancies for presidential electors made by the convention or a committee authorized by the convention shall
be certified by affidavit of the presiding officer and secretary of the convention or committee. Political parties must file with the secretary
of state a certificate of nomination for presidential electors.
The presidential electors shall convene at the capital of the state, in the office of the governor at the capitol building, on the first Monday
after the second Wednesday in the first December following their election at the hour of 12 noon and take the oath required by law for
presidential electors. If any vacancy occurs in the office of a presidential elector because of death, refusal to act, absence, or other cause,
the presidential electors present shall immediately proceed to fill the vacancy in the electoral college. When all vacancies have been filled,
the presidential electors shall proceed to perform the duties required of them by the constitution and laws of the United States. The vote
for president and vice president shall be taken by open ballot. Each presidential elector shall vote for the presidential candidate and, by
separate ballot, vice-presidential candidate who received the highest number of votes at the preceding general election in this state.
(Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 1-4-302, 1-4-304, 1-4-701)

Connecticut

The chairman of a party’s state convention shall, forthwith upon the close of such convention, file with the Secretary of the State the
names and full residence addresses of persons selected by such convention as the nominees of such party for electors of President and
Vice-President of the United States.
The presidential electors shall meet at the office of the Secretary of the State at twelve o’clock, noon, on the first Monday after the
second Wednesday of the December following their election and, as required by the Constitution and laws of the United States, shall cast
their ballots for President and Vice President. Each such elector shall cast his ballots for the candidates under whose names he ran on the
official election ballot. If any such elector is absent or if there is a vacancy in the electoral college for any cause, the electors present shall,
before voting for President and Vice President, elect by ballot an elector to fill such vacancy, and the person so chosen shall be a
presidential elector, shall perform the duties of such office and shall cast his ballots for the candidates to whom the elector he is replacing
was pledged.
(Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 9-175, 9-176, 9-388).

Delaware

The presiding officer and secretary of the state convention or committee of each political party eligible to place candidates on the ballot
shall submit certificates of nomination for electors of President and Vice-President of the United States together with the name of the
candidates for President and Vice-President to the State Election Commissioner.

 The electors chosen or appointed in the State for the election of a President and Vice-President of the United States shall meet and give
their votes at Dover on the day determined by Congress for that purpose. In all cases, the electors chosen or appointed in this State for the
election of a President and Vice-President of the United States under this chapter shall be required to cast their individual votes in
accordance with the plurality vote of the voters in this State. In case of the death or inability to attend of either of the electors or if either
of the electors be not present at the time and place of meeting by 12:00 noon, the electors present shall appoint an elector in the place of
the elector not present.
(Del. Code Ann. tit. 15, §§ 3301, 4303, 4304).
DC

Each qualified political party shall be entitled to elect candidates for presidential electors. The executive committee of the organization
recognized by the national committee of each such party as the official organization of that party in the District of Columbia shall nominate
by appropriate means the presidential electors for that party. Nominations shall be made by message to the Board of Elections.
No person may be elected to the office of elector of President and Vice President unless he or she is a registered voter in the District and
he or she has been a bona fide resident of the District for a period of 3 years immediately preceding the date of the presidential election.
Each person elected as elector of President and Vice President shall, in the presence of the Board, take an oath or solemnly affirm that he
or she will vote for the candidates of the party he or she has been nominated to represent, and it shall be his or her duty to vote in such
manner in the electoral college.
Electors shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment [to the US Constitution.]
(D.C. Code 1-1001.08, 1-1001.10; U.S. Const. amend. XXIII))

Florida

The Governor shall nominate the presidential electors of each political party. The state executive committee of each political party shall by
resolution recommend candidates for presidential electors and deliver a certified copy thereof to the Governor each presidential election
year. The Governor shall nominate only the electors recommended by the state executive committee of the respective political party. Each
such elector shall be a qualified elector of the party he or she represents who has taken an oath that he or she will vote for the candidates
of the party that he or she is nominated to represent. The Governor shall certify to the Department of State in each presidential election
year the names of a number of electors for each political party.
The presidential electors shall, on the day that is directed by Congress and at the time fixed by the Governor, meet at Tallahassee and
perform the duties required of them by the Constitution and laws of the United States.
Each presidential elector shall, on the day fixed by Congress to elect a President and Vice President and at the time fixed by the Governor,
give notice to the Governor that the elector is in Tallahassee and ready to perform the duties of presidential elector. The Governor shall
forthwith deliver to the presidential electors present a certificate of the names of all the electors; and if, on examination thereof, it should

 be found that one or more electors are absent, the electors present shall elect by ballot, in the presence of the Governor, a person or
persons to fill such vacancy or vacancies as may have occurred through the nonattendance of one or more of the electors. If any more
than the number of persons required to fill the vacancy receive the highest and an equal number of votes, then the election of those
receiving such highest and equal number of votes shall be determined by lot drawn by the Governor in the presence of the presidential
electors attending; otherwise, those, to the number required, receiving the highest number of votes, shall be considered elected to fill the
vacancy.
(Fla. Stat. §§ 103.021, 103.051, 103.061, 103.062).
Georgia

Each political party nominates presidential electors as prescribed by party rules.
The presidential electors shall assemble at the seat of government of the state at 12:00 Noon of the day which is, or may be, directed by
the Congress of the United States and shall then and there perform the duties required of them by the Constitution and laws of the United
States. If any such presidential elector shall die, or for any cause fail to attend at the seat of government at the time appointed by law, the
presidential electors present shall proceed to choose by voice vote a person of the same political party or body, if any, as such deceased or
absent presidential elector, to fill the vacancy occasioned thereby; and immediately after such choice the name of the person so chosen
shall be transmitted by the presiding officer of the college to the Governor, who shall immediately cause notice of his or her election in
writing to be given to such person. The person so elected, and not the person in whose place he or she shall have been chosen, shall be a
presidential elector and shall, with the other presidential electors, perform the duties required of them by the Constitution and laws of the
United States.
(Ga. Code Ann. §§ 21-2-10, 21-2-11, 21-2-12, 21-2-130, 21-2-172).

Hawaii

In each year when electors of president and vice president of the United States are to be chosen, each of the political parties or parties or
groups qualified under law shall hold a state party or group convention pursuant to the constitution, bylaws, and rules of the party or
group; and nominate as candidates for its party or group as many electors, and a first and second alternate for each elector, of president
and vice president of the United States as the State is then entitled. The electors and alternates shall be registered voters of the State. The
names and addresses of the nominees shall be certified by the chairperson and secretary of the convention of the respective parties or
groups and submitted to the chief election officer.
The electors chosen shall assemble at the state capital on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December next following their
election, at two o'clock in the afternoon. In case of the death or absence of any elector chosen, or if the number of electors is deficient for
any other reason, the vacancy or vacancies shall be filled by the alternates in the order of their numerical designation for their respective
electors causing the vacancy or vacancies, and in the event that vacancy or vacancies still exist, then the electors present shall select from
the members of the same political party or group as many persons as will supply the deficiency. Certificates for the alternates or

 substitutes as presidential electors shall be issued by the governor. The electors, when convened, if both candidates are alive, shall vote by
ballot for that person for president and that person for vice president of the United States, who are, respectively, the candidates of the
political party or group which they represent, one of whom, at least, is not an inhabitant of this State.
(H.R.S. § 14-21, 14-26, 14-27, 14-28)
Idaho

Presidential electors are selected according to party rules and regulations. The state chairman of each political party shall certify the
names of the presidential and vice-presidential candidates and presidential electors to the secretary of state. The electors chosen to elect
a president and vice-president of the United States shall, at twelve (12) o'clock noon on the day which is or may be directed by the
Congress of the United States, meet at the seat of government of this state, and then and there perform the duties enjoined upon them by
the Constitution and laws of the United States.
Each elector of president and vice-president of the United States shall, before the hour of twelve (12) o'clock on the day next preceding
the day fixed by the law of Congress to elect a president and vice-president, give notice to the governor that he is at the seat of
government and ready at the proper time to perform the duties of an elector; and the governor shall forthwith deliver to the electors
present a certificate of all the names of the electors; and if any elector named therein fails to appear before nine (9) o'clock on the
morning of the day of election of president and vice-president as aforesaid, the electors then present shall immediately proceed to elect,
by ballot, in the presence of the governor, persons to fill such vacancies.
(Idaho Code §§ 34-707, 34-711, 34-1503, 34-1503, 34-1504).

Illinois

The State convention of each political party, if the party chooses to hold a State convention, has power to make nominations of candidates
of its political party for the electors of President and Vice President of the United States. In each year in which a President and VicePresident of the United States are chosen, each political party or group in the State shall choose by its State Convention or State central
committee electors of President and Vice-President of the United States and such State Convention or State central committee of such
party or group shall also choose electors at large, if any are to be appointed for the State and such State Convention or State central
committee of such party or group shall by its chairman and secretary certify the total list of such electors together with electors at large so
chosen to the State Board of Elections.
The electors shall meet at the office of the Secretary of State in a room to be designated by the Secretary in the Capitol at Springfield in
this State, at the time appointed by the laws of the United States at the hour of ten o'clock in the forenoon of that day, and give their votes
for President and for Vice-President of the United States, and perform such duties as are or may be required by law.
In case any person duly elected an elector of President and Vice-President of the United States shall fail to attend at the Capitol on the day
on which his vote is required to be given, it shall be the duty of the elector or electors of President and Vice-President, attending at the

 time and place, to appoint a person or persons to fill such vacancy.
(10 Ill. Comp. Stat. §§5/7-9, 5/21-1, 5/21-4,5/21-5).
Indiana

A political party shall conduct a state convention to nominate the candidates of the political party for the following offices to be voted on
at the next general election. The convention may also nominate candidates for presidential electors and alternate electors. If a political
party's state convention does not nominate candidates for presidential electors and alternate electors the candidates shall be nominated
or the delegates elected as provided in the state party's rules. Political parties must certify the names of all candidates for presidential
electors to the election division.
The presidential electors who are elected at a general election shall assemble in the chamber of the Indiana house of representatives on
the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December as provided by 3 U.S.C. 7, or on another day fixed by the Congress of the
United States, at 10 a.m. to elect the President and Vice-President of the United States. The secretary of state, or an individual designated
by the secretary, shall preside at this meeting. The election division shall assist the secretary in conducting the election and in certifying
and transmitting the results in accordance with federal law.
If a presidential elector files the elector's resignation with the governor under; dies or is otherwise disqualified from holding office, and the
elector's death or disqualification is certified to the governor by the state chairman of the political party of the elector; or fails to appear
before 11 a.m. on the day prescribed by section 7 of this chapter; the electors present shall, by paper ballot and a majority vote of all those
present, immediately fill the vacancy upon proof of the resignation or certification being provided to the electors, or at 11 a.m., whichever
occurs first. The election shall immediately be certified by a majority of the electors to the governor, who shall immediately notify the
person of the person's election by presenting the elector with a commission issued under.
The presidential electors, when assembled and after vacancies are filled, shall then vote by paper ballot for President and Vice President of
the United States and perform the duties imposed upon them by the Constitution and statutes of the United States and of this state.
(Ind. Code §§ 3-8-4-2, 3-10-4-5, 3-10-4-7, 3-10-4-8 3-10-4-9)

Iowa

Political parties select the presidential electors. The names of the presidential electors shall be certified to the state commissioner by the
chairperson and secretary of the state central committee of the party. No presidential electors shall be a person holding the office of
senator or representative in Congress, or any office of trust or profit under the United States.
The presidential electors shall meet in the capitol, at the seat of government, on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in
December next following their election. If, at the time of such meeting, any elector for any cause is absent, those present shall at once
proceed to elect, from the citizens of the state, a substitute elector or electors, and certify the choice so made to the governor, and the
governor shall immediately cause the person or persons so selected to be notified thereof.

 (Iowa Code §§ 44.1, 44.2, 44.3, 54.1, 54.5, 54.7)
Kansas

Presidential electors for presidential candidates shall be selected by the state committee of the political party of the candidates, if there is
such a committee. Names of the presidential electors so selected shall be certified to the secretary of state by the chairperson of the
committee. Party nominations for presidential electors can be made only by a delegate or mass convention or caucus of qualified electors
belonging to a political party having a national or state organization.
The electors of president and vice-president of the United States shall convene at the capital of the state on the first Monday after the
second Wednesday in December after their election, at the hour of twelve o'clock at noon of that day; and if there shall be any vacancy in
the office of electors, occasioned by death, refusal to act, neglect to attend, or other cause, the electors present shall immediately proceed
to fill, by ballot and by a plurality of votes, such vacancy in the electoral college; and when the electors shall appear, or the vacancies shall
have been filled as above provided, they shall proceed to perform the duties required of such electors by the constitution and laws of the
United States.
(Kan. Stat. Ann. §§ 25-301, 25-304, 25-305, 25-802, 25-804).

Kentucky

Political parties and qualified political organizations may nominate, by a convention or primary held by the party or organization in
accordance with its constitution and bylaws, as many electors of President and Vice President of the United States as this state is entitled
to elect. The certificates of nomination for electors of President and Vice President of the United States shall be filed with the Secretary of
State.
The electors of President and Vice President of the United States shall convene at the State Capitol, at 11:45 a.m. on the first Monday after
the second Wednesday in December next after their election, give their votes at or after 12 noon, and make return thereof according to
law. If any elector fails to attend by 12 noon, on the day of the meeting, those in attendance shall fill his place by the election of another
person, who shall have the same powers as if originally elected by the people.
(Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 118.325, 118.365, 118.445)

Louisiana

Nominations for candidates for presidential electors made by each recognized political party shall be made in such manner as shall be
determined by a resolution adopted by the state central committee of the respective recognized political party. The names of candidates
for presidential elector nominated by each recognized political party shall be filed with the secretary of state.
No person shall be elected as a presidential elector who is not a qualified elector of the district for which he is chosen, unless he is elected
at large, in which case he shall be a qualified elector of the state. A candidate for presidential elector may be registered to vote with or
without a declaration of party affiliation. No United States senator, representative in Congress, or person holding an office of trust or profit
under the United States shall be elected a presidential elector.

 The electors shall meet in the State Capitol in Baton Rouge on the day appointed for their meeting by federal law and shall execute the
duties and services enjoined upon them by the constitution and laws of the United States, in the manner therein prescribed. If one or
more of the presidential electors fails for any cause to attend at the appointed place at 12:00 noon of the day prescribed for their meeting,
the other electors shall fill the vacancy by voice vote by no later than 4:00 p.m. Any person selected to fill such a vacancy in the office of
presidential elector from a congressional district shall be a qualified elector of the district for which the vacancy occurred.
(Louisiana Rev. Statutes §§ 18-1252, 18-1253, 18-1263, 18-1264).
Maine

Each qualified political party nominates presidential electors at a state convention. The presidential electors shall convene in the House
Chamber in Augusta at 2 p.m. on the first Monday after the 2nd Wednesday of December following their election. If any electors are not
present, the electors present shall fill the vacancy by majority vote.
The presidential electors at large shall cast their ballots for the presidential and vice-presidential candidates who received the largest
number of votes in the State. The presidential electors of each congressional district shall cast their ballots for the presidential and vicepresidential candidates who received the largest number of votes in each respective congressional district.
(21-A Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 321, 804, 805)

Maryland

Each political party shall nominate or provide for the nomination of candidates for presidential elector of the party in accordance with
party rules. The names of individuals nominated as candidates for presidential elector by a political party shall be certified to the State
Board by the presiding officers of the political party.
The individuals elected to the office of presidential elector shall meet in the State House in the City of Annapolis on the day provided by
the Constitution and laws of the United States. The conduct of the meeting shall be consistent with the requirements of federal law.
Before proceeding to perform the duties of their office, the presidential electors who are present shall fill any vacancy in the office of
elector, whether the vacancy is caused by absence or other reason.
After taking the oath prescribed by Article I, § 9 of the Maryland Constitution, the presidential electors shall cast their votes for the
candidates for President and Vice President who received a plurality of the votes cast in the State of Maryland.
(Md. Ann. Code Art. 33, §§ 8-503, 8-505)

Massachusetts

The state committees of the respective political parties at a meeting called for the purpose shall nominate the presidential electors. A list
of the persons nominated for presidential electors, together with an acceptance in writing signed by each candidate for presidential
elector shall be filed by the state chairmen of the respective political parties. Said acceptance form shall include a pledge by the
presidential elector to vote for the candidate named in the filing.

 If the whole number of electors has not been chosen when the electors meet on the date fixed under federal law, or if an elector has died
or is then absent, the electors present shall forthwith choose electors from the citizens of the commonwealth to complete the full number.
(Mass. Gen. Laws §§ 53-8, 54-138)
Michigan

In the year in which presidential electors are to be elected, each political party in the state shall choose at its fall state convention a
number of candidates for electors of president and vice-president of the United States equal to the number of senators and
representatives in congress that the state is entitled to elect. The chairperson and the secretary of the state central committee of each
political party shall forward a certificate containing the names of the candidates for electors to the secretary of state.
No person shall be eligible to be an elector of president and vice-president who shall not have been a citizen of the United States for at
least 10 years and a resident and registered elector of the congressional district for an elector representing a congressional district, or of
the state, for an elector representing the state at large for at least 1 year prior to the election. No senator or representative, or person
holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector, as provided in section 1 of article 2 of the United
States constitution.
The electors of president and vice-president shall convene in the senate chamber at the capitol of the state at 2 p.m., eastern standard
time, on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December following their election. At any time before receipt of the certificate
of the governor or within 48 hours thereafter, an elector may resign by submitting his written and verified resignation to the governor.
Failure to so resign signifies consent to serve and to cast his vote for the candidates for president and vice-president appearing on the
Michigan ballot of the political party which nominated him. Refusal or failure to vote for the candidates for president and vice-president
appearing on the Michigan ballot of the political party which nominated the elector constitutes a resignation from the office of elector, his
vote shall not be recorded and the remaining electors shall forthwith fill the vacancy. The ballot used by the elector shall bear the name of
the elector. If at the time of convening there is any vacancy caused by death, resignation, refusal or failure to vote, neglect to attend, or
ineligibility of any person elected, or for any other cause, the qualified electors of president and vice-president shall proceed to fill such
vacancy by ballot, by a plurality of votes. When all the electors appear and the vacancy shall be filled, they shall proceed to perform the
duties of such electors, as required by the constitution and laws of the United States. If congress hereafter fixes a different day for such
meeting, the electors shall meet and give their votes on the day designated by act of congress.
(Mich. Comp. Laws §§ 168.41, 168.42, 168.47)

Minnesota

Presidential electors and alternates for the major political parties of this state shall be nominated by delegate conventions called and held
under the supervision of the respective state central committees of the parties of this state. The chair of the major political party shall
certify to the secretary of state the names of the persons nominated as presidential electors, the names of persons nominated as alternate
presidential electors, and the names of the party candidates for president and vice president.

 Each elector nominee and alternate elector nominee of a political party shall execute the following pledge: "If selected for the position of
elector, I agree to serve and to mark my ballots for president and vice president for the nominees for those offices of the party that
nominated me." The executed pledges must accompany the submission of the corresponding names to the secretary of state.
The secretary of state shall preside at the meeting of electors. The position of an elector not present to vote is vacant. The secretary of
state shall appoint an individual as a substitute elector to fill a vacancy as follows: (1) if the alternate elector is present to vote, by
appointing the alternate elector for the vacant position; (2) if the alternate elector for the vacant position is not present to vote, by
appointing an elector chosen by lot from among the alternate electors present to vote who were nominated by the same political party or
unaffiliated presidential candidate; (3) if the number of alternate electors present to vote is insufficient to fill any vacant position pursuant
to clauses (1) and (2), by appointing any immediately available individual who is qualified to serve as an elector and chosen through
nomination by a plurality vote of the remaining electors, including nomination and vote by a single elector if only one remains; (4) if there
is a tie between at least two nominees for substitute elector in a vote conducted under clause (3), by appointing an elector chosen by lot
from among those nominees; or (5) if all elector positions are vacant and cannot be filled pursuant to clauses (1) to (4), by appointing a
single presidential elector, with remaining vacant positions to be filled under clause (3) and, if necessary, clause (4).
To qualify as a substitute elector, an individual who has not executed the pledge required under law shall execute the following pledge: "I
agree to serve and to mark my ballots for president and vice president consistent with the pledge of the individual to whose elector
position I have succeeded."
The presidential electors and alternate presidential electors, before 12:00 M. on the day before that fixed by Congress for the electors to
vote for president and vice president of the United States, shall notify the governor that they are at the State Capitol and ready at the
proper time to fulfill their duties as electors. The governor shall deliver to the electors present a certificate of the names of all the electors.
The electors shall meet at 12:00 p.m. in the executive chamber of the State Capitol and shall perform all the duties imposed upon them as
electors by the Constitution and laws of the United States and this state.
At the time designated for elector voting, and after all vacant positions have been filled, the secretary of state shall provide each elector
with a presidential and a vice-presidential ballot. The elector shall mark the elector's presidential and vice-presidential ballots with the
elector's votes for the offices of president and vice president, respectively, along with the elector's signature and the elector's legibly
printed name. Except as otherwise provided by law, each elector shall present both completed ballots to the secretary of state, who shall
examine the ballots and accept as cast all ballots of electors whose votes are consistent with their pledges. Except as otherwise provided
by law of this state, the secretary of state may not accept and may not count either an elector's presidential or vice-presidential ballot if
the elector has not marked both ballots or has marked a ballot in violation of the elector's pledge. An elector who refuses to present a
ballot, presents an unmarked ballot, or presents a ballot marked in violation of the elector's pledge vacates the office of elector, creating a
vacant position to be filled.

 (Minn. Stat. §§ 208.03, 208.06, 208.43, 208.45, 208.46)
Mississippi

At the state convention, a slate of electors composed of the number of electors allotted to this state, shall be designated and selected for a
place upon the primary election ballot to be held as herein provided.
The certificate of nomination by political party convention for candidates for President and Vice President must be signed by the presiding
officer and secretary of the convention and by the chair of the state executive or central committee of the political party making the
nomination. The certificate of nomination must include the names of the individual selected as presidential electors, and a statement
signed by the electors affirming that they will cast their ballot as an elector for the candidates for President and Vice President for whom
they agreed to serve as an elector.
The electors chosen shall meet at the seat of government of the state on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December next
following their election, and shall there give their votes for President and Vice-President of the United States, and shall make return
thereof agreeably to the laws of the United States; and should any elector so chosen fail to attend and give his vote, the other electors
attending shall appoint some person or persons to fill the vacancy or vacancies, who shall attend and vote as electors; and such
appointment shall be forthwith reported to the Secretary of State.
(Miss. Code. Ann. §§ 23-15-771, 23-15-785, 23-15-789)

Missouri

The state committee of each established political party shall certify in writing to the secretary of state the names of its nominees for
presidential elector. At least one qualified resident of each congressional district shall be named as a nominee for presidential elector by
each state committee
If any of the electors appointed shall fail to attend at the seat of government by the hour of two o'clock in the afternoon of the day
appointed by act of congress for their meeting, then the electors present may appoint other persons to act as electors in the place of those
absent; and if there be a failure to elect, the electors attending at such time and place shall appoint some suitable person or persons, as
the case may be, to fill the vacancy or vacancies existing by reason thereof.
(Mo. Rev. Stat. §§ 115.399, 128.130)

Montana

Each qualified political party shall nominate presidential electors for this state and file with the secretary of state certificates of
nomination. Each political party qualified e shall submit to the secretary of state the names of two qualified individuals for each elector
position in this state. One of the individuals must be designated as the elector nominee and the other must be designated as the alternate
elector nominee. Each elector nominated by a political party shall execute the following pledge: "If selected for the position of elector, I
agree to serve and to mark my ballots for president and vice president for the nominees of the political party that nominated me." The
executed pledges must accompany the submission of the corresponding names to the secretary of state un

 The secretary of state shall preside at the meeting of the electors. The position of an elector not present to vote is considered vacant, and
the secretary of state shall appoint an individual as a substitute elector as follows: (a) if the alternate elector is present to vote, by
appointing the alternate elector for the vacant position; (b) if the alternate elector is not present to vote, by appointing an elector chosen
by lot from among the alternate electors present to vote who are nominated by the same political party or unaffiliated presidential
candidate; (c) if the number of alternate electors present to vote is insufficient to fill a vacant position pursuant to subsection (a) or (b), by
appointing any immediately available individual who is qualified to serve as an elector and chosen through nomination by and plurality
vote of the remaining electors, including nomination and vote by a single elector if only one remains; (d) if there is a tie between two
nominees for substitute elector in a vote conducted under subsection (c), by appointing an elector chosen by lot from among those
nominees; or (e) if all elector positions are vacant and cannot be filled pursuant to subsections (a) through (d), by appointing a single
presidential elector, with remaining vacant positions to be filled pursuant to subsection (c) and, if necessary, subsection (d). To qualify as a
substitute elector, an individual who has not executed the pledge required shall execute the following pledge: "I agree to serve and to
mark my ballots for president and vice president consistent with the pledge of the individual to whose elector position I have succeeded."
The electors shall meet in Helena at 2 p.m. on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December following their election. After all
vacant positions, have been filled pursuant, the secretary of state shall provide each elector with a presidential and a vice presidential
ballot. The elector shall mark the elector's presidential and vice presidential ballots with the elector's vote for the office of president and
vice president, respectively, along with the elector's signature and the elector's legibly printed name. Unless otherwise provided by law,
each elector shall present both completed ballots to the secretary of state, who shall examine the ballots and accept as cast all ballots of
electors whose votes are consistent with their pledges. Except as otherwise provided by law, the secretary of state may not accept and
may not count either an elector's presidential or vice presidential ballot if the elector has not marked both ballots or has marked a ballot in
violation of the elector's pledge. An elector who refuses to present a ballot, presents an unmarked ballot, or presents a ballot in violation
of the elector's pledge vacates the office of elector, creating a vacant position.
(Mont. Code. Ann. §§ 13-25-101, 13-25-303, 13-25-304, 13-25-306, 13-25-307)
Nebraska

Each political party shall hold a state convention biennially on a date to be fixed by the state central committee. The convention shall
select electors for President and Vice President of the United States. One presidential elector shall be chosen from each congressional
district, and two presidential electors shall be chosen at large. The officers of the convention shall certify the names of the electors to the
Governor and Secretary of State.
The Governor shall notify the presidential electors to be at the State Capitol at noon on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in
December after appointment and report to the Governor at his or her office in the capitol as being in attendance. The presidential electors
shall convene at 2 p.m. of such Monday at the Governor's office in the capitol. Each presidential elector shall execute the following pledge:
As a presidential elector duly selected (or appointed) for this position, I agree to serve and to mark my ballots for President and Vice
President for the presidential and vice-presidential candidates who received the highest number of votes in the state if I am an at-large

 presidential elector or the highest number of votes in my congressional district if I am a congressional district presidential elector.
The presidential electors will serve as presidential electors unless a vacancy occurs in the office of presidential elector before the end of
the meeting at which the presidential electors cast their votes, in which case a substitute presidential elector will fill the vacancy.
If any presidential elector is absent or if there is a deficiency in the proper number of presidential electors, those present shall elect from
the citizens of the state so many persons as will supply the deficiency and immediately issue a certificate of election, signed by those
present or a majority of them, to the person or persons so chosen. In case of failure to elect as required by 3 p.m. of such day or in case of
a vacancy created, the Governor shall fill the vacancies by appointment. Each appointee shall execute the pledge. After all vacancies are
filled, the presidential electors shall proceed with the election of a President of the United States and a Vice President of the United States
and certify their votes in conformity with the Constitution and laws of the United States.
The Secretary of State shall provide each presidential elector with a presidential and vice-presidential ballot. Each at-large presidential
elector shall mark his or her ballot for the presidential and vice-presidential candidates who received the highest number of votes in the
state and consistent with his or her pledge. Each congressional district presidential elector shall mark his or her ballot for the presidential
and vice-presidential candidates who received the highest number of votes in his or her congressional district and consistent with his or
her pledge.
Each presidential elector shall present the completed ballot to the Secretary of State. The Secretary of State shall examine each ballot and
accept as cast each ballot marked by a presidential elector consistent with his or her pledge. The Secretary of State shall not accept and
shall not count the ballot if the presidential elector has not marked the ballot or has marked the ballot in violation of his or her pledge.
A presidential elector who refuses to present a ballot, who attempts to present an unmarked ballot, or who attempts to present a ballot
marked in violation of his or her pledge vacates the office of presidential elector.
(Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 32-710, 32-713, 32-714)
Nevada

Each major political party shall, at the state convention of the major political party held in that year, select from the qualified electors who
are legally registered members of the major political party a nominee to the position of presidential elector and an alternate to the
nominee for presidential elector. Each minor political party shall choose from the qualified electors who are legally registered members of
the minor political party a nominee to the position of presidential elector and an alternate to the nominee for presidential elector.
A nominee for presidential elector or an alternate may not serve as a presidential elector unless the nominee for presidential elector or
the alternate signs a pledge in substantially the following form: If selected for the position of presidential elector, I agree to serve as such
and to vote only for the nominees for President and Vice President of the political party or the independent candidates who received the
highest number of votes in this State at the general election.

 The Secretary of State shall preside at the meeting of presidential electors held pursuant to 3 U.S.C. § 7. If a nominee for presidential
elector is not present to vote at the meeting, the position of presidential elector to be filled by that nominee for presidential elector is
vacant and the vacancy must be filled as follows: (a) If the alternate is present at the meeting, the Secretary of State shall appoint the
alternate to the position of presidential elector; (b) If the alternate is not present at the meeting, the Secretary of State shall appoint to
the position of presidential elector a person chosen by lot from among the alternates present at the meeting, if any; (c) If no alternates
are present at the meeting, the Secretary of State shall appoint to the position of presidential elector a person who is: (1) A qualified
elector; (2) Present at the meeting; and (3) Chosen through nomination by and plurality vote of presidential electors who are present at
the meeting; and (d) If votes cast pursuant to subparagraph (3) of paragraph (c) result in a tie, the Secretary of State shall appoint to the
position of presidential elector a person who is chosen by lot from those persons who tied for the most votes.
If all the positions of presidential elector are vacant and no alternates are present at the meeting, the Secretary of State shall appoint from
the qualified electors one person to the position of presidential elector, and the remaining positions must be filled pursuant to paragraphs
(c) and (d) of subsection 2.
A person appointed to the position of presidential elector pursuant to this section may not serve in that position unless the person signs a
pledge in substantially the following form: I agree to serve as a presidential elector and to vote only for the nominees for President and
Vice President of the party or the independent candidates who received the highest number of votes in this State at the general election. If
a person appointed to a position of presidential elector pursuant to this section does not sign the pledge described in subsection 5, that
position of presidential elector is vacant and must be filled pursuant to this section.
The Secretary of State shall provide to each presidential elector a ballot for the office of President and a ballot for the office of Vice
President. The presidential elector shall mark the applicable ballot provided by the Secretary of State for the person who received the
highest number of votes at the general election for the office of President and the person who received the highest number of votes at the
general election for the office of Vice President. The presidential elector shall sign and legibly print his or her name on the ballots and
present the ballots to the Secretary of State. After all presidential electors have presented their ballots to the Secretary of State, the
Secretary of State shall examine each ballot. If a presidential elector: (a) presents both ballots and the ballots are marked with votes for
the person who received the highest number of votes at the general election for the office of President and the person who received the
highest number of votes at the general election for the office of Vice President, respectively, the Secretary of State shall accept both
ballots; (b) Does not present both ballots, presents an unmarked ballot or presents a ballot marked with a vote that does not conform
with the pledge: (1) The Secretary of State shall refuse to accept either ballot of the presidential elector; and (2) The Secretary of State
shall deem the presidential elector’s position vacant. The vacancy must be filled pursuant to state law. The person appointed to fill the
vacancy in the position of presidential elector, after signing the pledge, shall mark both ballots and present both ballots to the Secretary of
State pursuant to this section.
(Nev. Rev. Stat. §§ 298.035, 298.045, 298.065, 298.075)

 New Hampshire

New Jersey

Presidential electors shall be nominated by state party conventions. The names and domiciles of the presidential electors nominated by
such convention shall be forthwith certified to the secretary of state by the chairman and the clerk of the convention.
(N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 655:54, 667:21)
In presidential years, the state conventions shall severally nominate for their respective parties such number of candidates for electors of
president and vice president of the United States as this state shall be entitled to elect or appoint. The state committee of a political party
shall certify such nomination. The State committee may also appoint a committee to whom shall be delegated the power to fill vacancies
occurring prior to the election of the electors, howsoever caused, and the names and addresses of such committee shall be included in the
certificate. The certificate of nomination and the acceptance thereof shall be filed with the Secretary of State.
If a nomination vacated is that of a candidate for elector of the President and Vice-President of the United States, the vacancy shall be
filled by the committee to whom power shall have been delegated to fill vacancies if such there be, otherwise by the State committee of
the political party which nominated the elector whose nomination is vacated. The chairman and secretary of the vacancy committee or
State committee shall file with the Secretary of State a certificate of nomination for filling the vacancy.
The electors of president and vice president shall convene at the State House at Trenton, or in another State building within the State
House Complex at Trenton, or the War Memorial at Trenton, on the day appointed by congress for that purpose, at the hour of three
o'clock in the afternoon of that day, and constitute an electoral college.
When a vacancy shall happen in the college of electors, or when an elector shall fail to attend, by the hour of three o'clock in the afternoon
of the day fixed by congress for the meeting of the college of electors, at the place of holding such meeting, those of such electors who
shall be assembled at the hour and place shall immediately proceed to fill by a majority of votes such vacancy. If the members of the
electoral college shall have been nominated and elected as representing different political parties, any vacancy occurring shall be filled by
the elector or electors representing the same political party as the absent elector; and if there shall be no elector present representing the
same political party as the absent elector, then such vacancy shall be filled by a majority of the electors present, who shall choose some
person of the political party which the absent elector represents.

(N.J. Stat. Ann. §§ 19:13-2, 19:13-15, 19:13-21, 19:22-8; 19:36-1, 19:36-2, )
New Mexico

Any qualified political party desiring to have candidates for president and vice president on the general election ballot in a presidential
election year shall, at a state party convention held in the year of such election, choose from the voters of such party the number of
presidential electors required by law and no more. The presidential electors shall be nominated by the state convention according to the
rules of that party. Upon the nomination of presidential electors, the chairman and secretary of the convention shall certify the names and
addresses of such nominees to the election to the secretary of state.

 Presidential electors of the state shall meet at 11:00 a.m. in the office of the secretary of state on the day fixed by the laws of the United
States for presidential electors to cast their ballots for president and vice president of the United States. At such meeting the presidential
electors shall organize by choosing a presiding officer and a secretary. If the full number of electors required by law are not present at
such meeting for any reason, those presidential electors present shall, from a list of names nominated by the state chairman of that party,
forthwith choose electors from the voters of that state party.
The presidential electors of the state shall meet at noon in the office of the secretary of state on the day fixed by the laws of the United
States for presidential electors to cast their ballots for president and vice president and shall proceed to vote by ballot for president and
vice president of the United States and to certify the results of such election in accordance with the constitution and laws of the United
States.
In the case of the death or absence of any presidential elector or failure to complete the number of presidential electors by noon of the
day fixed by the laws of the United States for presidential electors to cast their ballots, the governor shall fill any vacancy by appointment.
In filling the vacancy the governor shall appoint a voter of the state from a list of names nominated by the state chairman of the same
political party represented by the presidential elector whose death or absence caused the vacancy.
All presidential electors shall cast their ballots in the electoral college for the candidates of the political party which nominated them as
presidential electors. Any presidential elector who casts his ballot in violation of the provisions contained in this section is guilty of a fourth
degree felony.
(N.M. Stat. Ann. §§ 1-15-3; 1-15-6, 1-15-7, 1-15-8, 1-15-9)
New York

Party nominations of candidates for the office of elector of president and vice president shall be made by the state committee.
The electors shall convene at the state capitol upon notice from, and at a place fixed by the secretary of state on the first Monday after the
second Wednesday in December next following their election. Those of them who shall be assembled at twelve o'clock noon of that day
shall immediately at that hour fill, by majority vote, all vacancies in the electoral college occasioned by the death, refusal to serve, or
neglect to attend at that hour, of any elector, or any vacancies occasioned by an equal number votes having been given for two or more
candidates. The electoral college being thus completed, they shall then choose a president and one or more secretaries from their own
body.
Immediately after the organization of the electoral college, the electors shall then and there vote by ballot for president and vice
president, but no elector shall vote for more than one person who is a resident of this state. They shall name in separate ballots the
persons voted for as president and vice president.
(N.Y. Election Law §§ 12-104, 12-106, 6-102, 6-142).

 North Carolina

Political parties nominate presidential electors and must file the names of the electors with the secretary of state.
Upon receipt of the certifications prepared by the State Board of Elections the Secretary of State shall notify the Governor of the names of
the persons elected to the office of elector for President and Vice-President of the United States. Thereupon, the Governor shall
immediately issue a proclamation setting forth the names of the electors and instructing them to be present in the old Hall of the House of
Representatives in the State Capitol in the City of Raleigh at noon on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December next after
their election, at which time the electors shall meet and vote on behalf of the State for President and Vice-President of the United States.
The Secretary of State is responsible for making the actual arrangements for the meeting, preparing the agenda, and inviting guests.
In case of the absence, ineligibility or resignation of any elector chosen, or if the proper number of electors shall for any cause be deficient,
the first and second alternates, respectively, who were nominated shall fill the first two vacancies. If the alternates are absent, ineligible,
resign, or were not chosen, or if there are more than two vacancies, then the electors present at the required meeting shall forthwith elect
from the citizens of the State a sufficient number of persons to fill the deficiency, and the persons chosen shall be deemed qualified
electors to vote for President and Vice-President of the United States.
Any presidential elector having previously signified his consent to serve as such, who fails to attend and vote for the candidate of the
political party which nominated such elector, for President and Vice-President of the United States at the time and place directed under
state law (except in case of sickness or other unavoidable accident) shall forfeit and pay to the State five hundred dollars ($500.00), to be
recovered by the Attorney General in the Superior Court of Wake County. In addition to such forfeiture, refusal or failure to vote for the
candidates of the political party which nominated such elector shall constitute a resignation from the office of elector, his vote shall not be
recorded, and the remaining electors shall forthwith fill such vacancy as hereinbefore provided.
(N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 163-209, 163-210, 163-213)

North Dakota

The party state committee shall set the place and time of the state party convention to be held in each general election year. Subject to
party rules and bylaws, the state party convention may nominate the legal number of qualified electors for its party for the offices of
presidential electors.
Presidential electors shall meet at one p.m. in the office of the governor in the state capitol on the first Monday after the second
Wednesday in December next following their appointments by election for the purpose of casting their ballots as members of the electoral
college. The secretary of state shall notify the electors of the date of the meeting. If a vacancy exists in the office of an elector for any
reason, the electors present at the meeting shall first proceed to fill such vacancy by ballot by a plurality of the votes. When all the electors
appear, or the vacancies have been filled as provided in this section, they shall proceed to perform the duties required of them by the

 constitution and laws of the United States.
(N.D. Cent. Code §§ 16.1-03-14, 16.1-14-04, 16.1-14-05, 16.1-12-02.2)
Ohio

At the state convention of each major political party, persons shall be nominated as candidates for election as presidential electors to be
voted for at the succeeding general election. The chairman and secretary thereof shall certify in writing to the secretary of state the names
of all persons nominated at such convention as candidates for election as presidential electors. If a major political party does not hold a
state convention, the executive committee of the state central committee shall nominate candidates for election as presidential electors
to be voted for at the general election to be held that year. The chairman or secretary of the executive committee, or, in the absence of
the chairman or secretary, a member of the committee designated by a majority of the other members of the committee, shall certify in
writing to the secretary of state the names of all persons so nominated. A minor political party that has held a state or national convention
for the purpose of choosing presidential candidates or that may, without a convention, certify those candidates in accordance with the
procedure authorized by its party rules, shall certify the names of those candidates to the secretary of state. The certification shall be
accompanied by a designation of a sufficient number of presidential electors to satisfy the requirements of law.
The secretary of state shall notify each presidential elector to attend, at a place in the state capitol which the secretary of state shall select,
at twelve noon on the day designated by the congress of the United States, a meeting of the state's presidential electors for the purpose of
discharging the duties enjoined on them by the constitution of the United States. Each such elector shall give notice to the secretary of
state before nine a.m. of that day whether or not he will be present at the appointed hour ready to perform his duties as a presidential
elector. If at twelve noon at the place selected by the secretary of state presidential electors equal in number to the whole number of
senators and representatives to which the state may at the time be entitled in the congress of the United States, are not present, the
presidential electors present shall immediately proceed, in the presence of the governor and secretary of state, to appoint by ballot such
number of persons to serve as presidential electors so that the number of duly elected presidential electors present at such time and place
plus the presidential electors so appointed shall be equal in number to the whole number of senators and representatives to which the
state is at that time entitled in the congress of the United States; provided, that each such appointment shall be made by a separate ballot,
and that all appointments to fill vacancies existing because duly elected presidential electors are not present shall be made before other
appointments are made, and that in making each such appointment the person appointed shall be of the same political party as the duly
elected presidential elector whose absence requires such appointment to be made. In case of a tie vote the governor shall determine the
results by lot. The electors making such appointments shall certify forthwith to the secretary of state the names of the persons so
appointed and the secretary of state shall immediately issue to such appointees certificates of their appointment and notify them thereof.
All of the state's presidential electors, both those duly elected who are then present and those appointed as herein provided, shall then
meet and organize by electing one of their number as chairman and by designating the secretary of state as ex officio secretary and shall
then and there discharge all of the duties enjoined upon presidential electors by the constitution and laws of the United States.
A presidential elector elected at a general election or appointed pursuant to section 3505.39 of the Revised Code shall, when discharging

 the duties enjoined upon him by the constitution or laws of the United States, cast his electoral vote for the nominees for president and
vice-president of the political party which certified him to the secretary of state as a presidential elector pursuant to law.
(Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §§ 3505.10, 3513.11, 3513.111, 3505.39, 3505.40)
Oklahoma

The nominees for Presidential Electors of any recognized political party shall be selected at a statewide convention of said party in a
manner to be determined by said party. The nominees for Presidential Electors shall be certified by said party's chairman to the Secretary
of the State Election Board.
The electors for President and Vice President, hereinafter referred to as Presidential Electors, shall be registered voters of Oklahoma;
provided, however, that no United States Senator or United States Representative or person holding an office of trust or profit under the
United States shall be a Presidential Elector.
Every party nominee for Presidential Elector shall subscribe to an oath, stating that said nominee, if elected, will cast a ballot for the
persons nominated for the offices of President and Vice President by the nominee's party. The oath shall be notarized by a notary public
and filed with the Secretary of the State Election. Failure of any party nominee to take and file the oath by such date shall automatically
vacate his or her nomination and a substitute nominee shall be selected by the state central committee of the appropriate political party.
It shall be the duty of the Secretary of the State Election Board to notify the chairman of the state central committee of the failure of any
nominee to file the oath. Refusal or failure to vote by a Presidential Elector for the persons nominated for the offices of President and Vice
President by the nominee's party shall constitute a violation of the oath and shall result in the immediate forfeiture of the Elector's office.
In such event, the vote shall not be recorded, a vacancy shall be declared, and the Presidential Electors present shall proceed to fill such
vacancy.
Persons chosen as Presidential Electors shall meet at 10:00 a.m. in the Governor's office at the time appointed by the laws of the United
States and cast their votes in the manner therein provided and perform such duties as may be required by law. Each such Elector shall
receive mileage reimbursement at the rate as provided for state employees, said reimbursement to be paid from funds appropriated to
the Office of the Governor.
In the event any Presidential Elector fails to meet at the Governor's office at the prescribed time or refuses or fails to vote for the persons
nominated for the offices of President and Vice President by the political party which nominated the Presidential Elector, it shall be the
duty of the Electors present at the time and place aforesaid to appoint a person to fill such vacancy.
(Oklahoma Statutes §§ 26-10-101, 26-10-102, 26-10-104, 26-10-107, 26-10-108)

Oregon

In a year when a President and Vice President of the United States are to be nominated and elected, each political party nominating
candidates for those offices shall select a number of candidates for elector of President and Vice President equal to the total number of

 Senators and Representatives to which the state is entitled in Congress.
A candidate for elector when selected shall sign a pledge that, if elected, the candidate will vote in the electoral college for the candidates
of the party for President and Vice President. The Secretary of State shall prescribe the form of the pledge. The party shall certify the
names of the selected candidates for elector to the Secretary of State.
The electors of President and Vice President shall convene at the State Capitol on the Monday after the second Wednesday in December
following their election. If there is any vacancy in the office of an elector caused by death, refusal to act, neglect to attend or otherwise,
the electors present immediately shall fill it by plurality of voice votes. When all the electors have appeared or the vacancies have been
filled, the electors shall perform the duties required of them by the Constitution and laws of the United States.
(Or. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 248.355, 248.370)
Pennsylvania

The nominee of each political party for the office of President of the United States shall, after his nomination by the National convention of
such party, nominate as many persons to be the candidates of his party for the office of presidential elector as the State is then entitled to.
If for any reason the nominee of any political party for President of the United States fails or is unable to make the said nominations within
the time herein provided, then the nominee for such party for the office of Vice-President of the United States shall, as soon as may be
possible after the expiration of thirty days, make the nominations. The names of such nominees shall be certified immediately to the
Secretary of the Commonwealth by the nominee for the office of President or Vice-President, as the case may be, making the nominations.
Vacancies existing after the date of nomination of presidential electors shall be filled by the nominee for the office of President or VicePresident making the original nomination. Nominations made to fill vacancies shall be certified to the Secretary of the Commonwealth in
the manner provided for in the case of original nominations.
The electors chosen, as aforesaid, shall assemble at the seat of government of this Commonwealth, at 12 o'clock noon of the day which is,
or may be, directed by the Congress of the United States, and shall then and there perform the duties enjoined upon them by the
Constitution and laws of the United States.
If any such presidential elector shall die, or for any cause fail to attend at the seat of government at the time appointed by law, the
electors present shall proceed to choose viva voce a person of the same political party as such deceased or absent elector, to fill the
vacancy occasioned thereby, and immediately after such choice the name of the person so chosen shall be transmitted by the presiding
officer of the college to the Governor, who shall forthwith cause notice in writing to be given to such person of his election; and the person
so elected (and not the person in whose place he shall have been chosen) shall be an elector and shall, with the other electors, perform
the duties enjoined on them.
(25 Pa. Consol. Stat. Ann. Chap. 14, §§ 2878, 3192, 3193)

 Rhode Island

There shall be held every even year a state convention for each political party. The nominees of a party for senator and for representatives
in congress, for the five (5) general offices, and for membership in the general assembly shall be delegates to the state convention of that
party. In presidential election years, these conventions shall select the party nominees for presidential electors.
Presidential electors shall meet in the state house in the city of Providence on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December
after their election, at the hour of 12 o'clock noon of that day, and if there is any vacancy in the office of electors, occasioned by death,
refusal to act, neglect to attend, or other cause, the electors present shall immediately proceed to fill, by roll call and by a plurality of
votes, the vacancy in the electoral college; and when the electors appear, or the vacancy is filled as provided in this section, they shall
proceed to perform the duties required of electors by the Constitution and laws of the United States. It shall be the duty of the governor
and the secretary of state to be present at the state house in Providence on the day of the meeting of the electors.
(R.I. Gen. Laws §§ 17-12-13, 17-4-11, 17-4-12)

South Carolina

The state committee of the political parties shall nominate presidential electors and a vacancy in the state ticket of electors must be filled
by the state committee by a majority of the whole committee. The names of candidates for electors of President and Vice President
nominated by any political party recognized in the State shall be filed with the Secretary of State.
Each candidate for presidential and vice-presidential elector shall declare which candidate for president and vice-president he will vote for
if elected. Those elected shall vote for the president and vice-president candidates for whom they declared. Any person selected to fill a
vacancy in the electoral college shall vote for the candidates the elector whose place he is taking had declared for. The declaration shall be
made to the Secretary of State on such form as he may require. Any elector who votes contrary to the provisions of this section shall be
deemed guilty of violating the election laws of this State and upon conviction shall be punished according to law. Any registered elector
shall have the right to institute proper action to require compliance with the provisions of this section. The Attorney General shall institute
criminal action for any violation of the provision of this section. Provided, the executive committee of the party from which an elector of
the electoral college was elected may relieve the elector from the obligation to vote for a specific candidate when, in its judgment,
circumstances shall have arisen which, in the opinion of the committee, it would not be in the best interest of the State for the elector to
cast his ballot for such a candidate.
The electors for President and Vice President shall convene at the capitol, in the office of the Secretary of State, at eleven in the forenoon,
on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December next following their appointment, and shall proceed to effect a permanent
organization by the election of a president and secretary from their own body. The electors shall next proceed to fill by ballot and by
plurality of votes all vacancies in the electoral college occasioned by the death, refusal to serve, or neglect to attend, of any elector. The
electors shall then and there vote by ballot for President and Vice President, one of whom at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same
State with themselves.

 (S.C. Code Ann. §§ 7-9-90, 7-19-70, 7-19-80, 7-19-90)
South Dakota

The state convention shall nominate, in the years when a President of the United States is to be elected, presidential electors. Nominations
by a state convention shall be made by a majority vote of the votes cast and shall be certified to the secretary of state by the officers of the
convention
The electors of President and vice president shall, at twelve noon on the day which is or may be directed by the Congress of the United
States, meet at the seat of government of this state and then and there perform the duties enjoined upon them by the Constitution and
laws of the United States.
Each elector of President and vice president of the United States shall, before the hour of eleven o'clock in the morning of the day fixed by
the act of Congress to elect a President and vice president, give notice to the Governor that he is at the seat of government and ready at
the proper time to perform the duties of an elector; and the Governor shall forthwith deliver to the electors present a certificate of all the
names of the electors.
If any elector named in the Governor's certificate fails to appear before nine o'clock in the morning of the day of election of President and
vice president as aforesaid, the electors there present shall immediately proceed to elect by ballot, in the presence of the Governor, a
person to fill such vacancy. If more than one person voted for to fill such vacancy shall have the highest and an equal number of votes, the
Governor, in the presence of the electors attending, shall decide by lot which of such persons shall be elected.
Immediately after such choice is made, the name of the person so chosen shall forthwith be certified to the Governor by the electors
making such choice; and the Governor shall cause notice to be immediately given, in writing, to the elector chosen to fill such vacancy; and
the person so chosen shall be an elector and shall meet the other electors at the same time and place, and then and there discharge all
and singular the duties enjoined upon him as an elector by the Constitution and laws of the United States and of this state.
(S.D. Codified Laws §§ 12-5-21, 12-5-22, 12-24-1, 12-24-2, 12-24-3, 12-24-4)

Tennessee

Statewide political parties may nominate their candidates [for presidential electors] by any method authorized under the rules of the
party. Persons nominated shall be immediately certified to the coordinator of elections by the chair of the nominating body
For each congressional district there shall be elected one (1) elector who is a resident of the congressional district from which such elector
is elected, and for the state there shall be two (2) electors who may be residents of any part of the state.
The governor shall perform the duties with respect to the electors required of the governor by the laws of the United States. The electors
shall meet at the seat of government of this state at the time prescribed by the laws of the United States and perform the duties required
of them by the laws of the United States. The governor shall immediately deliver to the electors present a certificate of all the names of
the electors. The electors shall cast their ballots in the electoral college for the candidates of the political party which nominated them as

 electors if both candidates are alive. If the presidential candidate of the party is dead or both the presidential and vice presidential
candidates of the party are dead, the electors may cast their ballots in the electoral college as they see fit. If the vice presidential candidate
of the party is dead, the electors shall cast their ballots in the electoral college for the presidential candidate of the political party which
nominated them as electors but may cast their ballots in the electoral college for vice president as they see fit.
If any elector fails to appear before nine o'clock a.m. (9:00 a.m.), prevailing time, on the day on which electors are to cast their votes for
president and vice president, the electors present shall, immediately and in the presence of the governor, elect any resident citizen of the
state to fill such vacancy.
(Tenn. Code. Ann. §§ 2-13-303, 2-15-10, 2-15-103, 2-15-104, 2-15-105)
Texas

To become a presidential elector candidate, a person must be nominated as a political party's elector candidate in accordance with party
rules. The party's state chair must sign a written certification of the names of presidential elector candidates nominated by the party and
the party's state chair must deliver the written certification to the secretary of state.
To be eligible to serve as a presidential elector, a person must: be a qualified voter of this state; and not hold the office of United States
senator, United States representative, or any other federal office of profit or trust. To be eligible to serve as a presidential elector for a
political party, a person must be affiliated with the party.
An elector candidate may withdraw from the presidential election before presidential election day, by delivering written notice of the
withdrawal to: the secretary of state; and the state chair of the party that nominated the elector candidate.
If an elector candidate withdraws, dies, or is declared ineligible before presidential election day, a replacement elector candidate may be
named by the party that nominated the elector candidate.
If a political party's rules do not provide the manner of choosing a replacement elector candidate, the party's state executive committee
may choose the replacement candidate. The state chair of a political party naming a replacement elector candidate must file with the
secretary of state, before presidential election day, the name and residence address of the replacement candidate.
The electors shall convene at the State Capitol at 2 p.m. on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December following their
election and shall perform their duties as prescribed by federal law.
The secretary of state shall arrange for the meeting place, notify the electors, and call the meeting to order. The secretary shall act as
temporary chair of the meeting until the electors elect a chair from among themselves.
If an elector is absent at the time for convening the meeting, the electors may declare the elector position vacant by a majority vote of
those present at the meeting.
The electors meeting to vote for president and vice-president may appoint a replacement elector by a majority vote of the qualified

 electors present if: (1) the vacancy occurred before presidential election day and a replacement was not chosen; (2) on or after
presidential election day, an elector is declared ineligible or dies; or (3) the vacancy is declared.
The chair of the electors shall notify the secretary of state of the name and residence address of a replacement elector immediately on the
replacement's appointment.
(Tex. Elections Code Ann. §§ 192.002, 192.003, 192.004, 192.006, 192.007)
Utah

Each registered political party shall choose persons to act as presidential electors and to fill vacancies in the office of presidential electors
for their party's candidates for President and Vice President according to the procedures established in their bylaws. Each registered
political party shall certify to the lieutenant governor the names and addresses of the persons selected by the political party as the party's
presidential electors.
If there is a vacancy in the office of presidential elector because of death, refusal to act, failure to attend, ineligibility, or any other cause,
the political party represented by the elector who caused the vacancy shall immediately fill the vacancy.
The electors shall meet at the office of the lieutenant governor at the state capitol at noon of the first Wednesday of the January after
their election, or at noon of any other day designated by the Congress of the United States of America. After convening, the electors shall
perform their duties in conformity with the United States Constitution and laws. Any elector who casts an electoral ballot for a person not
nominated by the party of which he is an elector, except in the cases of death or felony conviction of a candidate, is considered to have
resigned from the office of elector, his vote may not be recorded, and the remaining electors shall appoint another person to fill the
vacancy.
(Utah Code Ann. §§ 20A-13-301, 20A-13-303, 20A-13-304)

Vermont

In presidential years, upon the call of the chairman of the State committee of the party, a party platform convention of each organized
political party shall be held to nominate presidential electors. After adjournment of the platform convention of a major political party, the
chairman and Secretary of the convention shall promptly execute a sworn statement certifying the names of the persons nominated by the
convention to serve as electors, and shall promptly file the statement with the Secretary of State.
The electors shall meet at the state house on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December next following their election, to
vote for president and vice president of the United States, agreeably to the laws of the United States. If there is a vacancy in the electoral
college on that day, occasioned by death, refusal to act, neglect to attend, failure of a person elected to qualify, or for other cause, the
other electors present shall at once fill such vacancy viva voce and by a plurality of votes. When all the electors appear or a vacancy therein
is filled, the electors shall perform the duties required of them by the Constitution and laws of the United States. If a vacancy occurs and is
filled as aforesaid, the electors shall attach to the certificate of their votes a statement showing how such a vacancy occurred and their

 action thereon. The electors must vote for the candidates for president and vice president who received the greatest number of votes at
the general election.
(Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, §§ 2319, 2722, 2381, 2732)
Virginia

In elections for President and Vice President of the United States, the appropriate chairman or secretary of each political party shall furnish
to the State Board the names of the electors selected by the party at its convention held for that purpose, together with the names of the
political party and of the candidates for President and Vice President for whom the electors are required to vote in the Electoral College
and a copy of a subscribed and notarized oath by each elector stating that he will, if elected, cast his ballot for the candidates for President
and Vice President nominated by the party that selected the elector, or as the party may direct in the event of death, withdrawal or
disqualification of the party nominee. In the event of the death or withdrawal of a candidate of a political party for President or Vice
President, that party may substitute the name of a different candidate before the State Board certifies to the county and city electoral
boards the form of the official ballots. The State Board shall also be furnished, if it requests, with satisfactory evidence that any person
undertaking to act as an elector on behalf of any political party is, in fact, duly and properly authorized to do so.
The electors shall convene at the capitol building in the capital city of the Commonwealth at 12:00 noon on the first Monday after the
second Wednesday in December following their election. Those electors present shall immediately fill, by ballot and by a plurality of votes,
any vacancy due to death, failure or inability to attend, refusal to act, or other cause. When all electors are present, or the vacancies have
been filled, they shall proceed to perform the duties required of such electors by the Constitution and laws of the United States.
Electors selected by the state convention of any political party shall be required to vote for the nominees of the national convention to
which the state convention elects delegates.
(Va. Code Ann. §§ 24.2-542, 24.2-203)

Washington

In the year in which a presidential election is held, each major political party and each minor political party or independent candidate
convention that nominates candidates for president and vice president of the United States shall nominate presidential electors for this
state. The party or convention shall file with the secretary of state a certificate signed by the presiding officer of the convention at which
the presidential electors were chosen, listing the names and addresses of the presidential electors. Each presidential elector shall execute
and file with the secretary of state a pledge that, as an elector, he or she will vote for the candidates nominated by that party. The names
of presidential electors shall not appear on the ballots.
The electors of the president and vice president shall convene at the seat of government on the day fixed by federal statute, at the hour of
twelve o'clock noon of that day. If there is any vacancy in the office of an elector occasioned by death, refusal to act, neglect to attend, or
otherwise, the electors present shall immediately proceed to fill it by voice vote, and plurality of votes. When all of the electors have
appeared and the vacancies have been filled they shall constitute the college of electors of the state of Washington, and shall proceed to

 perform the duties required of them by the Constitution and laws of the United States. Any elector who votes for a person or persons not
nominated by the party of which he or she is an elector is subject to a civil penalty of up to one thousand dollars.
(Wash. Rev. Code §§ 29A.56.320, 29A.56.340)
West Virginia

Candidates for presidential electors shall be nominated by the delegated representatives of the political party assembled in a state
convention to be held during the months of June, July or August next preceding any general election at which presidential electors are to
be elected. The nominations made at state conventions shall be certified by the chairman and the secretary of the convention to the
secretary of state.
The presidential electors shall meet in the office of the governor at the capital of this state, on the day now appointed, or which shall
hereafter be appointed, by the Congress of the United States and vote for the president and for the vice president of the United States in
the manner prescribed by the constitution and the laws of the United States. If any of the electors so chosen fail to attend at the time
appointed, the electors present shall appoint an elector in place of each one so failing to attend, and every elector so appointed shall be
entitled to vote in the same manner as if he had been originally chosen by the people.
(W. Va. Code §§ 3-5-21, 3-1-14)

Wisconsin

Candidates for the senate and assembly nominated by each political party at the primary, the state officers and the holdover state
senators of each political party shall meet in the state capitol at 10 a.m. on the first Tuesday in October of each year in which there is a
presidential election. The purpose of the convention is to nominate one presidential elector from each congressional district and 2 electors
from the state at large. The names of the nominees shall be certified immediately by the chairperson of the state committee of each party
to the chairperson of the board.
The electors for president and vice president shall meet at the state capitol following the presidential election at 12:00 noon the first
Monday after the 2nd Wednesday in December. If there is a vacancy in the office of an elector due to death, refusal to act, failure to
attend or other cause, the electors present shall immediately proceed to fill by ballot, by a plurality of votes, the electoral college vacancy.
When all electors are present, or the vacancies filled, they shall perform their required duties under the constitution and laws of the
United States. The presidential electors, when convened, shall vote by ballot for that person for president and that person for vice
president who are, respectively, the candidates of the political party which nominated them, the candidates whose names appeared on
the nomination papers filed, or the candidate or candidates who filed their names, except that at least one of the persons for whom the
electors vote may not be an inhabitant of this state. A presidential elector is not required to vote for a candidate who is deceased at the
time of the meeting.
(Wis. Stat. §§ 8.16, 8.18, 7.75)

 Wyoming

In a general election year, the state convention of a political party nominating candidates for president and vice-president of the United
States shall nominate the party's candidates for presidential electors and file certificates of nomination for these candidates with the
secretary of state.
Immediately upon filing of the certificate of the state canvassing board stating the result of the election, the governor shall issue a
certificate of election to candidates elected to the office of presidential elector. The certificate shall direct the elector to attend a meeting
with the governor in the office of the secretary of state at 12:00 noon on the Monday following the second Wednesday in December of
presidential election years.
A vacancy in nomination for the office of presidential elector occurring before the general election shall be filled by the state central
committee of the political party whose vacancy is to be filled or by an independent candidate's remaining electors, by certifying the name
of the person filling the vacancy to the secretary of state.
Certified electors shall convene in the office of the secretary of state at 12:00 noon on the Monday following the second Wednesday in
December of presidential election years. A vacancy in the office of elector for any cause including nonattendance shall be filled and
certified by a majority of electors present.
All Wyoming electors shall vote for the candidates for the office of president and vice-president receiving the highest number of votes in
the Wyoming general election.
(Wyo. Stat. Ann. §§ 22-19-102, 22-19-104, 22-19-105, 22-19-106, 22-19-107, 22-19-108)