City : Zone :     Detailed Forensic Report Reference Date : Customer’s Ref. #: Report Date : Anytown, USA B1 04 MAY 2013 CAD# 1312345678 23 NOV 2015 Shooting Description At 07:12 (7:12 AM) hours on May 04, 2013 ShotSpotter detected a Multiple Gunshot incident in Anytown, USA. ShotSpotter recorded the incident as Flex ID #12345 and located it at 1234 Main St. Incident Time Analyzed The spool data was reviewed for 07:12 hours on May 04, 2013. Position With Respect to the Coverage Area Figure 1 – ShotSpotter Coverage Area displays the ShotSpotter coverage in Anytown, USA at the time of the incident. The red dot indicates the location of the shooting incident. Figure 1 - ShotSpotter Coverage Area Anytown, USA   Copyright © 2015 SST, Inc. ™. All rights reserved, ShotSpotter Flex™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are registered trademarks of SST, Inc. ™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents (http://www.shotspotter.com/patents), with other domestic and foreign patents pending. All other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. Report File Name: ANYTOWNUSA-2013-05-04.doc 1 City : Zone :     Reference Date : Customer’s Ref. #: Detailed Forensic Report Auto-detected by ShotSpotter? Report Date : Anytown, USA B1 04 MAY 2013 CAD# 1312345678 23 NOV 2015 Yes About ShotSpotter ShotSpotter was installed in Anytown, USA in 2013. ShotSpotter has three primary components: acoustic sensors, a Location Server application, and the ShotSpotter Flex user interface. The ShotSpotter Location Server is hosted by SST, Inc. and runs on a virtual server at a remote facility, the ShotSpotter Flex user interface resides on a PC at the customers dispatch facility, and the acoustic sensors are deployed in geographic areas that are designated by the customer. Each sensor is triggered by impulsive sounds in its environment. The acoustic measurements of these impulsive sounds are passed to the Location Server as possible gunshot sounds. The Location Server analyses the data received and determines if the impulsive sound can be located and classified as gunfire. If the impulsive sound can be located and classified as gunfire it reports the incident to the user interface. The user interface, referred to as the Flex Alert Console, provides an actionable view of the incident with an emphasis on the time and location that the shooting occurred. ShotSpotter detects and properly geo-locates (provides latitude and longitude) 80% of detectable outdoor incidents within the coverage area, accurate to within a circle whose radius is 25 meters. SST, Inc. does not guarantee 100% detection because real world, urban environments may contain intervening buildings, topography, foliage, periods of increased traffic or construction noise, and other urban acoustic noises that may either prevent the sound of a gunshot from being detected by the sensors(s), or may change or modify the audio characteristics of the sound of a gunshot so that it no longer matches the sensor(s) detection parameters.   Copyright © 2015 SST, Inc. ™. All rights reserved, ShotSpotter Flex™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are registered trademarks of SST, Inc. ™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents (http://www.shotspotter.com/patents), with other domestic and foreign patents pending. All other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. Report File Name: ANYTOWNUSA-2013-05-04.doc 2 City : Zone :     Detailed Forensic Report Reference Date : Customer’s Ref. #: Report Date : Anytown, USA B1 04 MAY 2013 CAD# 1312345678 23 NOV 2015         Analysis Figure 2 – Incident review At 07:12:27 on May 04, 2013, ShotSpotter detected and located a Multiple Gunshot incident in Anytown, USA. Below is a table which shows the timeline of the incident being updated. Figure 2 – Flex ID #12345 Incident review timeline   Copyright © 2015 SST, Inc. ™. All rights reserved, ShotSpotter Flex™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are registered trademarks of SST, Inc. ™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents (http://www.shotspotter.com/patents), with other domestic and foreign patents pending. All other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. Report File Name: ANYTOWNUSA-2013-05-04.doc 3 City : Zone :     Detailed Forensic Report Reference Date : Customer’s Ref. #: Report Date : Anytown, USA B1 04 MAY 2013 CAD# 1312345678 23 NOV 2015 Figure 3 – Address Location displays the locations calculated by ShotSpotter. The address of 1234 Main St was read from a database of parcel information provided by the city or county and uploaded into ShotSpotter. The red dot indicates the location of the shooting incident as calculated by ShotSpotter in real-time and reported to the ShotSpotter operator. Figure 3 – Flex ID #12345 Flex Location   Copyright © 2015 SST, Inc. ™. All rights reserved, ShotSpotter Flex™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are registered trademarks of SST, Inc. ™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents (http://www.shotspotter.com/patents), with other domestic and foreign patents pending. All other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. Report File Name: ANYTOWNUSA-2013-05-04.doc 4 City : Zone :   Reference Date :   Customer’s Ref. #: Detailed Forensic Report Report Date : Anytown, USA B1 04 MAY 2013 CAD# 1312345678 23 NOV 2015 Table 1 – Timeline of Discharge of Shots: The following table shows the time of discharge for each of the rounds which comprise this shooting event. The times listed below are the time the system calculated the trigger was pulled based on the environmental conditions at the time of the event. These times precede the time at which the system notified the ShotSpotter Operator listed because of small radio, computational, and network delays. All times are obtained from system and sensor clocks that are synchronized to GPS time, which is in turn synchronized with the atomic clock at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, CO.  Shot 1 2 3 Time 07:12:04.092 07:12:05.780 07:12:06.224 Table 1 – Shot timeline, Flex ID #12345   Copyright © 2015 SST, Inc. ™. All rights reserved, ShotSpotter Flex™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are registered trademarks of SST, Inc. ™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents (http://www.shotspotter.com/patents), with other domestic and foreign patents pending. All other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. Report File Name: ANYTOWNUSA-2013-05-04.doc 5 City : Zone :     Detailed Forensic Report Reference Date : Customer’s Ref. #: Report Date : Anytown, USA B1 04 MAY 2013 CAD# 1312345678 23 NOV 2015 Figure 4 – Individual Shots Fired The following image plots the location of each round fired in Google Earth. This image is created by post-processing the archived data. Postprocessing is a “manual” re-evaluation of the archived data through software tools that duplicate the real-time location algorithms that are a resident part of the ShotSpotter Location Server. Post-processing can be selectively performed on subsets of the raw data so that noises from different sources can be isolated for analysis. In the image below the red dots indicate the location of each of the rounds fired. The locations calculated in post-processing are not identical to but within normal limits of what the ShotSpotter calculated in real-time. The yellow circle indicates a 25m margin of error radius for gunshot incidents that occur within the boundaries of the coverage area depicted on page 1 and is present in the image for reference only. Figure 4 – Individual Shot Locations, Flex ID #12345   Copyright © 2015 SST, Inc. ™. All rights reserved, ShotSpotter Flex™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are registered trademarks of SST, Inc. ™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents (http://www.shotspotter.com/patents), with other domestic and foreign patents pending. All other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. Report File Name: ANYTOWNUSA-2013-05-04.doc 6 City : Zone :     Detailed Forensic Report     Possible Reference Date : Customer’s Ref. #: Report Date : Anytown, USA B1 04 MAY 2013 CAD# 1312345678 23 NOV 2015 Sources of Error The firing of a gun or an explosive device creates a loud, impulsive sound that is detectable above urban background noise up to two miles away from the firing incident location. The operation of ShotSpotter is understandably subject to the laws of physics and acoustic propagation. The source of a pulse (a bang boom or pop) is located using a mathematical process called multilateration. Multilateration requires a minimum of three sensors that surround the source to accurately measure the time differences of when the sound was detected by each participating sensor. Calculating these time differences results in a curve called a hyperbola. All of the resulting hyperbolae are plotted onto a map, and where they intersect is where ShotSpotter locates the shot. When more than three sensors participate in the detection, an automatic calculation will find a solution which minimizes the error to the greatest extent possible. Figure 5 – Multilateration plot Flex ID #12345 was detected by three sensors. Figure 5 - Multilateration, Flex ID #12345   Copyright © 2015 SST, Inc. ™. All rights reserved, ShotSpotter Flex™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are registered trademarks of SST, Inc. ™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents (http://www.shotspotter.com/patents), with other domestic and foreign patents pending. All other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. Report File Name: ANYTOWNUSA-2013-05-04.doc 7 City : Zone :     Reference Date : Customer’s Ref. #: Detailed Forensic Report         Site-specific Report Date : Anytown, USA B1 04 MAY 2013 CAD# 1312345678 23 NOV 2015 Acoustics  The sound of these shooting events can be heard on many sensors. Below are pictorial representations of the audio files and a link to the corresponding .wav file for three sensors close to the incident. The depicted audio waveforms and audio clips represent 4.7 seconds of audio that was automatically downloaded from each participating sensor. (Double-click on the speaker icons to play the audio from each sensor.) Sensor 1 (237m) Sensor 2 (331m) Sensor 3 (495m)   Copyright © 2015 SST, Inc. ™. All rights reserved, ShotSpotter Flex™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are registered trademarks of SST, Inc. ™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents (http://www.shotspotter.com/patents), with other domestic and foreign patents pending. All other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. Report File Name: ANYTOWNUSA-2013-05-04.doc 8 City : Zone :     Detailed Forensic Report Reference Date : Customer’s Ref. #: Report Date : Anytown, USA B1 04 MAY 2013 CAD# 1312345678 23 NOV 2015         Conclusion  At 07:12 (7:12 AM) hours on May 04, 2013 ShotSpotter detected a Multiple Gunshot incident in Anytown, USA. ShotSpotter recorded the incident as Flex ID #12345 and located it at 1234 Main St. After review, the locations and times of three rounds fired were calculated. Acoustical data analysis of a gunfire incident is complex and not comprehensive. The conclusions above should be corroborated with other evidentiary sources such as recovered shell casings, and witness statements.   Copyright © 2015 SST, Inc. ™. All rights reserved, ShotSpotter Flex™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are registered trademarks of SST, Inc. ™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents (http://www.shotspotter.com/patents), with other domestic and foreign patents pending. All other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. Report File Name: ANYTOWNUSA-2013-05-04.doc 9 City : Zone : Reference Date :     Customer’s Ref. #: Detailed Forensic Report Report Date : Anytown, USA B1 04 MAY 2013 CAD# 1312345678 23 NOV 2015 Certification and Acknowledgement Certification I, John Q Public, declare that I am a Customer Support Engineer at SST Inc. I have personal knowledge of the matter referred to in this report, and, if called as a witness, could and would testify thereto. I declare that the above is true and correct. Executed this of __, 20 ___, at , . John Q Public SST, Inc. 7979 Gateway Blvd. Suite 210 Newark, CA 94560-1156 +1 (510) 794-3100 +1 (650) 887-2106 fax jqpublic@shotspotter.com   A notary public or other officer completing this certificate  verifies only the identity of the individual who signed the  document to which this certificate is attached, and not the  truthfulness, accuracy, or validity of that document  California All-Purpose Certificate of Acknowledgement State of California County of Alameda ) ) On before me ______________________________, Notary Public personally appeared John Q Public who provided to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the person whose name is subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged to me that he executed the same in his authorized capacity, and that by his signature on the instrument the person, or the entity upon behalf of which the person acted, executed the instrument. I certify under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing paragraph is true and correct. Witness my hand and official seal. Signature Notary Public Copyright © 2015 SST, Inc. ™. All rights reserved, ShotSpotter Flex™, ShotSpotter®, ShotSpotter Gunshot Location System® and the ShotSpotter logo are registered trademarks of SST, Inc. ™. SST and ShotSpotter technology is protected by one or more issued U.S. and foreign patents (http://www.shotspotter.com/patents), with other domestic and foreign patents pending. All other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. Report File Name: ANYTOWNUSA-2013-05-04.doc 10