1

 

Maternal Substance Use Identified Rate of Deliveries with Maternal

   

 

 

During Delivery Hospital Stay in Opioid Use and Rate of NAS,
Wisconsin 2009-2014 Wisconsin 2009-2014
20
1500  

1001 
1000' i 
   --  
i   

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2009 2010 ?011 2012 2013 2014

Year
.. . . .Matemal Opioid Use .NAS
Imam? I Op'md I Hemm I cannab's About half of the women using opioids during their

pregnancy also have infants affected by NAS-
In mary

Neonatal Abstinence (NAS) is a postnatal drug withdrawal caused by maternal drug use, primarily
prescription opioid abuse. Many women of reproductive age taking prescription opioids may not know they are pregnant and,
therefore, may be unknowingly exposing their unborn child. Women may become addicted to opioids for a number of reasons.

Pregnant women seeking medication?assisted treatment (MAT) for an opioid use disorder should discuss options with their
primary care physician- It is not recommended that a pregnant woman taper down or stop MAT 'cold turkey' due to possible
fetal distress. The Wisconsin Association for Perinatal Care (WAPC) has more information and resources for providers and
families at: 

 

Signs and of NAS

Infants usually begin to show signs of withdrawal from opioids from 1
to 7 days after birth. Health care providers in a hospital use NAS
scoring to measure the severity of the infant's withdrawal 

 

Infants are diagnosed with NAS shortly after birth
based on a history of drug exposure, lab testing, and
clinical signs.

- rritability, fussiness

- ncreased muscle tone

-Sleep problems

High-pitched cry

-Skin break down on knees and face

Central Nervous
System

a


Infants with NAS may be treated with medication
andfor environmentally decrease
environmental stimulation) based on the severity
of the 

Nationally, between 2008 and 2012, the most
commonly prescribed opioids among women were
hydrocodone, codeine, and oxycodone.

In the United States, the prevalence of maternal
opioid use between 1998 and 2011, increased by
127%.

 

Gastrointestinal
System

Metabolic,
Vasomotor,
Respiratory
Systems

-Tremors, seizures

-Poor feeding, spitting up
-Skin breakdown on buttocks
Dehydration

-Diarrhea

Excessive sucking

-Nasal stuf?ness, sneezing
-Frequent episodes of hiccups
Sweating

-Frequent yawning

-Fast breathing, forgetting to breathe
-Fever

Maeda, A., Bateman, B.T., Clancy, C.R., Creanga, AA, Leffert, LR. {2014). Opioid abuse and dependence during pregnancy: Temporal trends and obstetrical outcomes. Anesthesiology. 121: 1153?55.
"Neonatal Abstinence Fact Sheet, Maternal and Child Health, Prenatal Program, New Hampshire Depa_rtment of Heatth and Human Services.

"Opioid Painkillers Widely Prescribed among Reproductive Age Women," Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Media Relations Jan. 22, 2015.

Wisconsin Hospital Inpatient Discharge Database, 2009?2014, Division of Public Health, Wisconsin Departmentof Health Services.