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,1752'8&7,21                                                                                              

  

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15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB  

 Case 3:15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB Document 70-1 Filed 02/03/17 PageID.1818 Page 3 of 31

 
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Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp    
   )  G        WK &LU                                                                                          
Arpin v. Santa Clara Valley Transp. Agency   
    )  G       WK &LU                                                                                               
Art Attacks Ink, LLC v. MGA Entm’t, Inc    
    )  G        WK &LU                                                                                            
Bernal v. Paradigm Talent and Literary Agency   
    )  6XSS   G       & '  &DO                                                                              
Bldg. Graphics, Inc. v. Lennar Corp.   
    )  G       WK &LU                                                                                              
Cavalier v. Random House, Inc    
    )  G       WK &LU                                                                                              
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     :/          6 ' 1 <  6HSW                                                                       
Christian v. Mattel, Inc.   
    )  G        WK &LU                                                                                            
Cosmetic Ideas, Inc. v. IAC/Interactivecorp.   
    )  G       WK &LU                                                                                               
Data East USA, Inc. v. Epyx, Inc.   
    )  G       WK &LU                                                                                              
Dr. Seuss Enter., L.P. v. Penguin Books USA, Inc    
    )  G        WK &LU                                                                                            
Ets-Hokin v. Skyy Spirits, Inc.   
    )  G       WK &LU                                                                                              
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    )  6XSS        1 '  *D                                                                                   
 
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15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB  

 Case 3:15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB Document 70-1 Filed 02/03/17 PageID.1819 Page 4 of 31

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

Funky Films, Inc. v. Time Warner Entm’t Co., L.P    
    )  G        WK &LU                                                                                         
Granite Music Corp. v. United Artist Corp    
    )  G       WK &LU                                                                                              
Idema v. Dreamworks, Inc    
    )  6XSS   G       & '  &DO                                                                              
Loomis v. Cornisch   
     :/          & '  &DO  1RY                                                                       
Mattel, Inc. v. MGA Entm't, Inc.   
    )  G       WK &LU  &DO                                                                                      
Meta-Film Assoc., Inc. v. MCA, Inc.   
    )  6XSS        & '  &DO                                                                                   
Mory v. City of Chula Vista   
     :/          6 '  &DO  6HSW                                                                        
Narell v. Freeman   
    )  G       WK &LU                                                                                              
Olander Enters., Inc., v. Spencer Gifts, LLC   
    )  6XSS   G       & '  &DO                                                                               
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    )  G        WK &LU                                                                                            
Shaw v. Lindheim   
    )  G        WK &LU                                                                                          
Stabile v. Paul Smith Ltd.   
    )  6XSS   G       & '  &DO                                                                              
Tarin v. Cnty. of Los Angeles   
    )  G        WK &LU                                                                                             
Three Boys Music Corp. v. Bolton   
    )  G       WK &LU                                                                                              
UMG Recordings, Inc. v. Disco Azteca Distrib., Inc.   
    )  6XSS   G       ( '  &DO                                                                              
Washington Shoe Co. v. A-Z Sporting Goods Inc    
    )  G       WK &LU                                                                                              
 
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15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB

 Case 3:15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB Document 70-1 Filed 02/03/17 PageID.1820 Page 5 of 31

 
  

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15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB  

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15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB  

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15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB  

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15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB

 Case 3:15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB Document 70-1 Filed 02/03/17 PageID.1831 Page 16 of 31

 
 
 

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15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB

 Case 3:15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB Document 70-1 Filed 02/03/17 PageID.1832 Page 17 of 31

1

accused jokes. Yet, all three testified that they have never visited Kaseberg’s blog or

2

Twitter page. UF 94.

3
4
5

UF 90. Kaseberg also failed to produce any evidence (e.g., records reflecting

6

“hits” to his website, list of accounts that follow his Twitter page, metatags used to

7

attract viewers to his websites, etc.) that could link the Conan Defendants to

8

Kaseberg’s jokes. Accordingly, Kaseberg’s general online presence is insufficient to

9

establish a chain of events linking Kaseberg and Defendants.

10

Kaseberg also cannot establish that his jokes were widely disseminated. In fact,

11

Kaseberg’s only “evidence” of widespread dissemination is that “[a]nyone, including

12

defendants and employees of defendants may access his content using a web

13

browser.” UF 95. But merely having an online presence is insufficient to establish

14

widespread dissemination. See, e.g., Art Attacks Ink, LLC v. MGA Entm’t, Inc., 581

15

F.3d 1138, 1144 (9th Cir. 2009) (recognizing that while the Internet can reach a wide

16

audience, there must be evidence to demonstrate wide dissemination); Stabile v. Paul

17

Smith Ltd., 137 F. Supp. 3d 1173, 1187 (C.D. Cal. 2015) (finding that “simply

18

displaying an image on [plaintiff’s] website for an undeterminable period of time is

19

insufficient to demonstrate that it was widely disseminated”).

20

Further, “the public dissemination necessary to infer that a defendant might

21

have had access to the work is considerable.” Loomis v. Cornisch, 2013 WL 6044345,

22

at *10 (C.D. Cal. Nov. 13, 2013). Again, Kaseberg failed to produce any evidence

23

(e.g., records reflecting hits to his website) to establish that his blog or Twitter are

24

widely disseminated. In fact, to the extent any information concerning Kaseberg’s

25

online reach can be gleaned from Kaseberg’s evidence, such information cuts against

26

a finding of widespread dissemination. For example, the three asserted jokes he

27

posted to Twitter all show very little engagement, if any. Specifically, the Tom Brady

28

Joke received no more than two likes and zero retweets, and the Washington
12
MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES ISO DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND/OR
PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT OR, IN THE ALTERNATIVE, SUMMARY ADJUDICATION

1303011

15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB

 Case 3:15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB Document 70-1 Filed 02/03/17 PageID.1833 Page 18 of 31

1

Monument Joke and the Bruce Jenner Joke received no likes or retweets, at the time

2

of the alleged infringement. UF 96. Such marginal reach dispels any realistic notion

3

that dissemination of Kaseberg’s jokes was considerable.

4
5
6
7

Summary judgment should be entered in Defendants’ favor based on the issue
of access alone.
3.

Kaseberg’s Copyright Is “Thin” And He Cannot Establish The
Jokes At Issue Are Virtually Identical

8

To determine substantial similarity, the Ninth Circuit applies a two-part test

9

consisting of extrinsic and intrinsic components. Rice v. Fox Broad. Co., 330 F.3d

10

1170, 1174-75 (9th Cir. 2003). For summary judgment, only the extrinsic test is

11

relevant. Id. at 1174. The extrinsic test involves an objective comparison of the

12

articulable similarities between two works. Id. It is the plaintiff’s burden to identify

13

the protectable elements of the copyrighted work that allegedly are copied. Apple

14

Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp., 35 F.3d 1435, 1443 (9th Cir. 1994). Only

15

protected expression is relevant for purposes of assessing substantial similarity. Shaw

16

v. Lindheim, 919 F.2d 1353, 1361 (9th Cir. 1990). Thus, “‘[s]ubstantial similarity’

17

refers to similarity of expression, not merely similarity of ideas or concepts.” Dr.

18

Seuss Enter., L.P. v. Penguin Books USA, Inc., 109 F.3d 1394, 1398 (9th Cir. 1997).

19

Further, in applying the extrinsic test, courts must use “analytic dissection to

20

determine the scope of copyright protection before works are considered ‘as a

21

whole.’” Id. Thus, “when applying the extrinsic test, a court must filter out and

22

disregard the non-protectable elements in making its substantial similarity

23

determination.” Cavalier v. Random House, Inc., 297 F.3d 815, 822 (9th Cir. 2002).

24

“[T]he court must then apply the relevant limiting doctrines in the context of

25

the particular medium involved, through the eyes of the ordinary consumer of that

26

product.” Apple Computer, 35 F.3d at 1443. Finally, “[h]aving dissected the alleged

27

similarities and considered the range of possible expression, the court must define the

28

scope of the plaintiff's copyright – that is, decide whether the work is entitled to
13
MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES ISO DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND/OR
PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT OR, IN THE ALTERNATIVE, SUMMARY ADJUDICATION

1303011

15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB

 Case 3:15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB Document 70-1 Filed 02/03/17 PageID.1834 Page 19 of 31

 

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15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB

 Case 3:15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB Document 70-1 Filed 02/03/17 PageID.1835 Page 20 of 31

 
  

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15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB

 Case 3:15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB Document 70-1 Filed 02/03/17 PageID.1836 Page 21 of 31

1

a work that are protectable ... can be compared); see also Funky Films, 462 F.3d at

2

1077 (courts only look to whether “protectable elements, standing alone, are

3

substantially similar”) (internal citations omitted). When unprotectable elements are

4

excluded, as they must be, Kaseberg cannot establish that his jokes are virtually

5

identical. Indeed, a careful comparison of the jokes demonstrates that any similarities

6

are limited to unprotectable ideas and unoriginal comedic conventions, which cannot

7

give rise to infringement. Data East USA, Inc. v. Epyx, Inc., 862 F.2d 204, 208 (9th

8

Cir. 1988) (“[T]o the extent the similarities between plaintiff's and defendant's works

9

are confined to ideas and general concepts, these similarities are noninfringing.”). In

10
11

contrast, substantial differences exist as to the particular expression of the jokes.
Among other distinguishing factors in the expression, the parties’ jokes are

12

worded differently, convey different actions, contain different levels of information,

13

and involve different perspectives. Moreover, the structure of the jokes are different

14

in large part because the jokes were intended to be delivered to their respective

15

audiences in different mediums. In particular, Kaseberg wrote and published his jokes

16

to be read online. As such, Kaseberg’s jokes follow the same, two-sentence, setup-

17

punchline format, which is concisely digestible to a passive, solitary audience. In

18

contrast, the Conan Defendants’ jokes are performed on stage by O’Brien, delivered

19

to an audience. The Conan monologue writers craft the jokes with that distinction in

20

mind. Thus, the structure and delivery of the jokes are more conversational in nature

21

and often include improvised or ad-libbed language based on the audience’s reaction.

22

The Conan Defendants’ jokes are structured such that the jokes will get the biggest

23

laugh from the studio audience in the moment. Further, millions of people have a

24

familiarity with O’Brien, and the writers take care to craft jokes that are consistent

25

with his voice and his brand. Specific examples of these various distinguishing factors

26

as to the protectable expression in the jokes at issue are presented below.

27
28

The Delta Joke: O’Brien sets up the Conan Defendants’ Delta Joke with the
following language before the premise: “This never happens anymore. This is a
16
MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES ISO DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND/OR
PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT OR, IN THE ALTERNATIVE, SUMMARY ADJUDICATION

1303011

15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB

 Case 3:15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB Document 70-1 Filed 02/03/17 PageID.1837 Page 22 of 31

 

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15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB  

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'$7('   )HEUXDU\         

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

*/$6(5 :(,/ ),1.  
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%\   /s/ Erica J. Van Loon 
3$75,&,$ /  */$6(5 
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Attorneys for Defendants Conaco LLC;
Turner Broadcasting System;
Time Warner, Inc.; Conan O’Brien;
Jeff Ross; Mike Sweeney

 

  
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

 

   
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15-cv-01637-JLS-DHB