TABLE 9-6. Employed scientists and engineers, by highest degree level, occupation, ethnicity, and race: 2015 Not Hispanic or Latino Highest degree and occupation All degreesb S&E occupations Science occupations Biological/life scientist Agricultural/food scientist Biological/medical scientist All ethnicities and races Hispanic or Latinoa American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African Native Hawaiian or American Other Pacific Islander White More than one race 25,306,000 2,029,000 76,000 3,123,000 1,716,000 76,000 17,842,000 443,000 6,407,000 387,000 10,000 1,321,000 308,000 12,000 4,267,000 103,000 4,688,000 268,000 6,000 631,000 37,000 2,000 1,042,000 234,000 8,000 3,054,000 76,000 114,000 16,000 1,000 449,000 52,000 3,000 12,000 D 8,000 2,000 D 38,000 * 10,000 443,000 28,000 1,000 98,000 11,000 * 296,000 Forestry and conservation scientist 59,000 3,000 D * * D 55,000 D Postsecondary teacher 78,000 4,000 D 7,000 3,000 D 61,000 2,000 Computer and information scientist 2,846,000 148,000 2,000 725,000 154,000 6,000 1,766,000 46,000 Computer/information scientist 2,823,000 145,000 1,000 722,000 152,000 6,000 1,752,000 45,000 22,000 2,000 D 3,000 S D 14,000 D Postsecondary teacher Mathematical scientist 310,000 11,000 D 88,000 8,000 D 198,000 5,000 Mathematical scientist 218,000 8,000 D 75,000 5,000 D 126,000 4,000 Postsecondary teacher 92,000 3,000 D 13,000 3,000 D 72,000 D 331,000 17,000 1,000 64,000 13,000 D 233,000 3,000 105,000 7,000 D 24,000 6,000 D 67,000 1,000 Earth scientist/geologist/oceanographer 66,000 2,000 D 6,000 1,000 D 56,000 1,000 Physicist/astronomer 49,000 2,000 D 16,000 S D 29,000 S Other physical scientist 45,000 3,000 D 6,000 1,000 D 34,000 D Postsecondary teacher 65,000 3,000 D 12,000 4,000 D 46,000 D 251,000 31,000 D 17,000 22,000 D 176,000 5,000 213,000 28,000 D 12,000 18,000 D 151,000 3,000 38,000 3,000 D 4,000 4,000 D 26,000 1,000 Social scientist 319,000 25,000 S 34,000 20,000 S 231,000 6,000 Economist 32,000 4,000 D 5,000 2,000 D 20,000 * Political scientist 25,000 S D S S D 19,000 D Physical scientist Chemist, except biochemist Psychologist Psychologist Postsecondary teacher Sociologist/anthropologist 31,000 2,000 D 1,000 S D 24,000 D Other social scientist 108,000 8,000 D 15,000 7,000 D 74,000 3,000 Postsecondary teacher 124,000 6,000 S 11,000 9,000 D 94,000 2,000 Engineering occupations 1,719,000 120,000 4,000 279,000 74,000 4,000 1,213,000 27,000 Aerospace engineer 96,000 11,000 D 12,000 2,000 D 68,000 S Chemical engineer 80,000 4,000 D 13,000 S D 59,000 2,000 Civil engineer 251,000 20,000 D 37,000 11,000 S 176,000 5,000 Electrical engineer 360,000 25,000 D 85,000 17,000 1,000 226,000 5,000 TABLE 9-6. Employed scientists and engineers, by highest degree level, occupation, ethnicity, and race: 2015 Not Hispanic or Latino Highest degree and occupation Industrial engineer All ethnicities and races Hispanic or Latinoa American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African Native Hawaiian or American Other Pacific Islander White More than one race 82,000 7,000 D 13,000 7,000 D 55,000 * Mechanical engineer 337,000 19,000 S 46,000 12,000 1,000 255,000 5,000 Other engineer 460,000 29,000 D 57,000 21,000 D 343,000 7,000 53,000 3,000 D 16,000 1,000 D 32,000 S 7,867,000 629,000 27,000 871,000 515,000 21,000 5,676,000 128,000 4,883,000 415,000 19,000 542,000 312,000 15,000 3,512,000 69,000 967,000 60,000 5,000 124,000 63,000 S 701,000 11,000 1,029,000 81,000 2,000 34,000 64,000 * 817,000 31,000 S&E technician/technologist 782,000 57,000 S 145,000 70,000 S 489,000 16,000 Other S&E-related occupation 207,000 16,000 D 25,000 5,000 D 157,000 1,000 11,031,000 1,012,000 39,000 931,000 894,000 43,000 7,900,000 211,000 331,000 16,000 D 21,000 16,000 D 267,000 9,000 Management-related occupation 2,085,000 196,000 5,000 220,000 193,000 12,000 1,431,000 28,000 Non-S&E manager Postsecondary teacher S&E-related occupations Health occupations S&E manager, including health S&E precollege teacher Non-S&E occupations Art, humanities, and related occupation 1,825,000 117,000 4,000 158,000 75,000 6,000 1,440,000 24,000 Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 184,000 12,000 S 16,000 13,000 D 137,000 2,000 Non-S&E precollege teacher 825,000 85,000 S 47,000 89,000 9,000 586,000 8,000 1,467,000 122,000 S 139,000 93,000 S 1,066,000 36,000 883,000 109,000 5,000 40,000 124,000 S 581,000 23,000 3,430,000 355,000 11,000 290,000 291,000 10,000 2,391,000 81,000 13,998,000 1,218,000 44,000 1,452,000 1,000,000 54,000 9,974,000 257,000 3,518,000 234,000 7,000 528,000 173,000 8,000 2,507,000 62,000 2,436,000 151,000 4,000 404,000 128,000 5,000 1,699,000 45,000 241,000 16,000 S 24,000 7,000 S 185,000 6,000 25,000 S D S S D 20,000 D Sales and marketing occupation Social services and related occupation Other non-S&E occupation Bachelor's S&E occupations Science occupations Biological/life scientist Agricultural/food scientist Biological/medical scientist 173,000 12,000 D 21,000 5,000 D 129,000 6,000 Forestry and conservation scientist 33,000 S D D D D 29,000 D Postsecondary teacher 10,000 D D S D D 8,000 D Computer and information scientist 1,872,000 117,000 1,000 329,000 105,000 4,000 1,282,000 35,000 Computer/information scientist 1,870,000 117,000 1,000 329,000 105,000 4,000 1,281,000 35,000 2,000 D D D D D 1,000 D 106,000 2,000 D 17,000 2,000 D 83,000 2,000 Mathematical scientist 84,000 2,000 D S 1,000 D S 2,000 Postsecondary teacher 21,000 D D S D D 18,000 D 126,000 7,000 * 18,000 6,000 D 94,000 1,000 56,000 3,000 D 8,000 4,000 D 40,000 D Postsecondary teacher Mathematical scientist Physical scientist Chemist, except biochemist TABLE 9-6. Employed scientists and engineers, by highest degree level, occupation, ethnicity, and race: 2015 Not Hispanic or Latino All ethnicities and races Hispanic or Latinoa American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Earth scientist/geologist/oceanographer 25,000 1,000 D S * D 22,000 * Physicist/astronomer 10,000 S D S S D 7,000 D Other physical scientist 26,000 1,000 D S D D 21,000 D Postsecondary teacher 9,000 S D 3,000 D D 5,000 D 29,000 3,000 D S 3,000 D 16,000 D 24,000 2,000 D S D D 13,000 D 6,000 D D D D D S D Social scientist 61,000 5,000 * 9,000 6,000 D 39,000 1,000 Economist 7,000 * D S D D 6,000 D Political scientist 3,000 * D D D D 3,000 D Sociologist/anthropologist 9,000 * D D D D 5,000 D 34,000 S D 6,000 3,000 D 21,000 D 8,000 S D S D D 5,000 D Engineering occupations 1,083,000 83,000 3,000 124,000 45,000 3,000 808,000 16,000 Aerospace engineer 52,000 6,000 D 8,000 1,000 D 35,000 S Chemical engineer 56,000 3,000 D 7,000 S D 42,000 2,000 Civil engineer 147,000 12,000 D 16,000 6,000 S 108,000 S Electrical engineer 214,000 18,000 D 30,000 11,000 1,000 151,000 2,000 Highest degree and occupation Psychologist Psychologist Postsecondary teacher Other social scientist Postsecondary teacher Industrial engineer Black or African Native Hawaiian or American Other Pacific Islander White More than one race 57,000 7,000 D 5,000 S D 40,000 D Mechanical engineer 227,000 14,000 D 17,000 9,000 * 185,000 2,000 Other engineer 313,000 22,000 D 35,000 10,000 D 238,000 6,000 16,000 D D S D D 9,000 D 4,222,000 354,000 20,000 412,000 306,000 15,000 3,044,000 70,000 2,524,000 224,000 12,000 260,000 194,000 9,000 1,787,000 36,000 S&E manager, including health 521,000 34,000 4,000 50,000 29,000 S 396,000 5,000 S&E precollege teacher 461,000 41,000 1,000 16,000 20,000 * 370,000 S S&E technician/technologist 583,000 44,000 S 71,000 59,000 S 390,000 15,000 Other S&E-related occupation 132,000 11,000 D 14,000 S D 100,000 D 6,258,000 630,000 18,000 512,000 521,000 31,000 4,422,000 125,000 Postsecondary teacher S&E-related occupations Health occupations Non-S&E occupations Art, humanities, and related occupation Management-related occupation Non-S&E manager Non-S&E postsecondary teacher Non-S&E precollege teacher Sales and marketing occupation Social services and related occupation 192,000 7,000 D 12,000 11,000 D 158,000 S 1,188,000 111,000 1,000 120,000 106,000 8,000 824,000 18,000 879,000 50,000 2,000 59,000 24,000 S 732,000 8,000 24,000 2,000 D 2,000 4,000 D 15,000 D 355,000 42,000 S 22,000 49,000 9,000 229,000 3,000 1,105,000 104,000 S 85,000 71,000 S 809,000 24,000 286,000 47,000 S 8,000 48,000 D 177,000 4,000 TABLE 9-6. Employed scientists and engineers, by highest degree level, occupation, ethnicity, and race: 2015 Not Hispanic or Latino Highest degree and occupation Other non-S&E occupation Master's S&E occupations Science occupations Biological/life scientist Agricultural/food scientist Biological/medical scientist Forestry and conservation scientist All ethnicities and races Hispanic or Latinoa American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African Native Hawaiian or American Other Pacific Islander White More than one race 2,230,000 268,000 3,000 203,000 208,000 5,000 1,478,000 64,000 7,718,000 558,000 25,000 1,132,000 545,000 21,000 5,296,000 141,000 2,076,000 104,000 3,000 603,000 103,000 4,000 1,227,000 32,000 1,551,000 74,000 169,000 8,000 2,000 487,000 77,000 3,000 884,000 24,000 * 27,000 5,000 D 126,000 3,000 19,000 S D 107,000 6,000 D 4,000 * D 14,000 D 21,000 3,000 D 74,000 2,000 S * D D D D S D 19,000 1,000 D 2,000 S D 14,000 D Computer and information scientist 898,000 26,000 * 367,000 46,000 2,000 445,000 11,000 Computer/information scientist 887,000 25,000 D 367,000 46,000 2,000 437,000 10,000 12,000 S D * S D 8,000 D 150,000 7,000 D S 4,000 D 75,000 2,000 Mathematical scientist 106,000 6,000 D S 2,000 D 41,000 S Postsecondary teacher 44,000 1,000 D 7,000 1,000 D 34,000 D Postsecondary teacher Postsecondary teacher Mathematical scientist Physical scientist 85,000 4,000 D 15,000 3,000 D 62,000 2,000 Chemist, except biochemist 21,000 1,000 D 5,000 1,000 D 14,000 * Earth scientist/geologist/oceanographer 28,000 S D 2,000 S D 25,000 * Physicist/astronomer 12,000 * D 5,000 D D 6,000 D Other physical scientist 11,000 1,000 D 1,000 S D 8,000 D Postsecondary teacher 13,000 * D 3,000 S D 9,000 D Psychologist 108,000 S D 2,000 14,000 D 73,000 3,000 Psychologist 97,000 S D 2,000 12,000 D 66,000 2,000 Postsecondary teacher 11,000 D D * S D 7,000 D Social scientist 141,000 13,000 S 15,000 6,000 S 103,000 3,000 Economist 12,000 2,000 D S 1,000 D 6,000 * Political scientist 17,000 S D D D D 12,000 D Sociologist/anthropologist 14,000 S D S * D 11,000 D Other social scientist 55,000 4,000 D 7,000 1,000 D 41,000 S Postsecondary teacher 43,000 2,000 D 3,000 3,000 D 32,000 1,000 Engineering occupations 525,000 31,000 S 116,000 26,000 * 343,000 8,000 Aerospace engineer 38,000 4,000 D 3,000 1,000 D 29,000 1,000 Chemical engineer 16,000 1,000 D 3,000 * D 12,000 D Civil engineer 97,000 7,000 D 19,000 5,000 D 64,000 2,000 TABLE 9-6. Employed scientists and engineers, by highest degree level, occupation, ethnicity, and race: 2015 Not Hispanic or Latino All ethnicities and races Hispanic or Latinoa American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Electrical engineer 123,000 6,000 D 44,000 5,000 Industrial engineer 21,000 * D 4,000 2,000 Mechanical engineer 95,000 4,000 D 24,000 127,000 6,000 D 8,000 1,000 D 2,064,000 152,000 1,000,000 79,000 S&E manager, including health 296,000 S&E precollege teacher S&E technician/technologist Highest degree and occupation Other engineer Postsecondary teacher S&E-related occupations Health occupations Other S&E-related occupation Black or African Native Hawaiian or American Other Pacific Islander White More than one race D 65,000 2,000 D 14,000 D 3,000 D 61,000 2,000 17,000 10,000 D 93,000 1,000 2,000 * D 5,000 D 5,000 204,000 135,000 6,000 1,521,000 39,000 5,000 66,000 66,000 S 763,000 16,000 16,000 1,000 53,000 20,000 D 202,000 4,000 530,000 40,000 * 17,000 38,000 D 416,000 18,000 166,000 12,000 D 58,000 11,000 D 85,000 1,000 73,000 6,000 D 10,000 D D 56,000 D TABLE 9-6. Employed scientists and engineers, by highest degree level, occupation, ethnicity, and race: 2015 Not Hispanic or Latino Highest degree and occupation All ethnicities and races Hispanic or Latinoa American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Non-S&E occupations Black or African Native Hawaiian or American Other Pacific Islander White More than one race 3,578,000 301,000 17,000 325,000 307,000 11,000 2,548,000 70,000 Art, humanities, and related occupation 104,000 S D 8,000 S D 78,000 7,000 Management-related occupation 782,000 77,000 S 88,000 79,000 S 522,000 8,000 Non-S&E manager 758,000 56,000 2,000 80,000 43,000 S 561,000 14,000 66,000 6,000 D 4,000 4,000 D 50,000 1,000 Non-S&E precollege teacher 449,000 42,000 D 23,000 38,000 * 341,000 4,000 Sales and marketing occupation 328,000 14,000 S 43,000 20,000 D 240,000 11,000 Social services and related occupation 566,000 60,000 3,000 26,000 67,000 D 392,000 18,000 Other non-S&E occupation 526,000 39,000 S 53,000 51,000 S 365,000 5,000 1,361,000 64,000 S 280,000 66,000 1,000 930,000 16,000 751,000 38,000 * 182,000 29,000 D 493,000 9,000 644,000 33,000 * 145,000 25,000 D 434,000 7,000 207,000 11,000 D 58,000 4,000 D 130,000 3,000 8,000 1,000 D 3,000 D D 4,000 D 151,000 9,000 D 51,000 2,000 D 87,000 2,000 Non-S&E postsecondary teacher Doctorate S&E occupations Science occupations Biological/life scientist Agricultural/food scientist Biological/medical scientist Forestry and conservation scientist 2,000 D D D D D 2,000 D 46,000 2,000 D 4,000 S D 37,000 S Computer and information scientist 67,000 3,000 D 29,000 3,000 D 32,000 D Computer/information scientist 58,000 2,000 D 26,000 2,000 D 27,000 D 9,000 S D 3,000 D D 5,000 D Postsecondary teacher Postsecondary teacher Mathematical scientist 50,000 2,000 D 10,000 2,000 D 36,000 D Mathematical scientist 23,000 1,000 D 6,000 1,000 D 16,000 D Postsecondary teacher 26,000 2,000 D 4,000 S D 20,000 D Physical scientist 119,000 6,000 D 32,000 5,000 D 77,000 1,000 Chemist, except biochemist 28,000 3,000 D 12,000 D D 13,000 D Earth scientist/geologist/oceanographer 13,000 D D S D D 10,000 D Physicist/astronomer 27,000 1,000 D 9,000 D D 17,000 D Other physical scientist 7,000 D D 2,000 D D 5,000 D Postsecondary teacher 43,000 2,000 D 6,000 S D 33,000 D 93,000 5,000 D 6,000 5,000 D 75,000 2,000 Psychologist 73,000 4,000 D 2,000 4,000 D 61,000 1,000 Postsecondary teacher 19,000 * D 4,000 1,000 D 14,000 D Social scientist 108,000 5,000 D 11,000 6,000 D 85,000 1,000 Economist 12,000 S D 2,000 S D 8,000 D Psychologist TABLE 9-6. Employed scientists and engineers, by highest degree level, occupation, ethnicity, and race: 2015 Not Hispanic or Latino Highest degree and occupation All ethnicities and races Hispanic or Latinoa American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Political scientist Black or African Native Hawaiian or American Other Pacific Islander White More than one race S D D D D D S D 9,000 * D D D D 8,000 D Other social scientist 14,000 1,000 D 2,000 D D 11,000 D Postsecondary teacher 70,000 2,000 D 6,000 5,000 D 56,000 S Engineering occupations 107,000 5,000 D 38,000 3,000 D 59,000 2,000 Aerospace engineer 6,000 S D 1,000 S D 4,000 D Chemical engineer 8,000 * D 3,000 D D 5,000 D Civil engineer 6,000 D D 2,000 D D 3,000 D 22,000 1,000 D 11,000 D D 9,000 D Sociologist/anthropologist Electrical engineer Industrial engineer S D D S D D D D Mechanical engineer 13,000 D D 5,000 * D 7,000 D Other engineer 20,000 1,000 D 5,000 S D 12,000 D Postsecondary teacher 29,000 1,000 D 8,000 S D 18,000 D 229,000 10,000 D 51,000 10,000 D 152,000 5,000 129,000 8,000 D 25,000 6,000 D 85,000 S S&E manager, including health 50,000 1,000 D 9,000 S D 38,000 D S&E precollege teacher 17,000 * D S S D 14,000 D S&E technician/technologist 30,000 * D 15,000 * D 14,000 D 2,000 D D S D D S D S&E-related occupations Health occupations Other S&E-related occupation Non-S&E occupations 381,000 16,000 D 47,000 27,000 D 285,000 2,000 Art, humanities, and related occupation 23,000 D D S D D 21,000 D Management-related occupation 61,000 2,000 D 9,000 6,000 D 43,000 D S Non-S&E manager 128,000 3,000 D 16,000 6,000 D 103,000 Non-S&E postsecondary teacher 80,000 4,000 D 9,000 4,000 D 59,000 S Non-S&E precollege teacher 14,000 D D D S D S D Sales and marketing occupation 15,000 S D 5,000 D D 6,000 D Social services and related occupation 19,000 2,000 D S 7,000 D 9,000 D Other non-S&E occupation 41,000 2,000 D 4,000 2,000 D 33,000 D * = estimate < 500. D = suppressed for data confidentiality reasons. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. S&E = science and engineering. a Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race. b All degrees includes professional degrees, which are not shown separately. NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 1,000. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and suppression. Scientists and engineers are individuals who have a bachelor's or higher degree, are living in the United States, and have an S&E or S&E-related degree or occupation. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, National Survey of College Graduates, 2015.