Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 1 COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY Room 400, City Hall Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Monday, March 13, 2017 1:20 p.m. PRESENT: COUNCILMAN CURTIS JONES, JR., CHAIR COUNCILWOMAN JANNIE L. BLACKWELL COUNCILMAN WILLIAM K. GREENLEE COUNCILWOMAN HELEN GYM COUNCILMAN KENYATTA JOHNSON COUNCILMAN AL TAUBENBERGER RESOLUTION 161113 - Resolution authorizing the Council Committee on Public Safety to hold hearings examining the ongoing implementation of body-worn cameras by the Philadelphia Police Department, to determine whether the Department's policy for body-worn cameras promotes transparent and accountable policing practices, and whether the program is fair and equitable to both police officers and the residents of Philadelphia. - - - STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 2 1 2 COUNCILMAN JONES: Ladies and 3 gentlemen, we're going to begin. 4 you for your patience, and we will begin 5 the Committee on Public Safety. 6 7 8 Thank Will the Clerk please read the title of the resolution. THE CLERK: Resolution No. 9 161113, a resolution authorizing the 10 Council Committee on Public Safety to 11 hold hearings examining the ongoing 12 implementation of body-worn cameras by 13 the Philadelphia Police Department, to 14 determine whether the Department's policy 15 for body-worn cameras promotes 16 transparent and accountable policing 17 practices, and whether the program is 18 fair and equitable to both police 19 officers and the residents of 20 Philadelphia. 21 COUNCILMAN JONES: I see the 22 presence of a quorum represented by 23 Councilman Taubenberger, Councilman 24 Johnson, and Councilman Greenlee, but 25 before I get started, I must show some STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 3 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 northern hospitality and recognize a 3 Councilman all the way from Mississippi 4 that has come up to join us today, 5 Councilman Stokes, his lovely judge wife, 6 Mrs. Stokes, and their doctor daughter, 7 the young Ms. Kinetta Stokes. 8 Would you please rise and 9 receive a Philadelphia welcome. 10 (Applause.) 11 COUNCILMAN JONES: Before they 12 leave, we're going to make sure they get 13 some cheese steaks, and we're taking care 14 of that right away. 15 I wanted to thank everyone for 16 coming today, and I wanted to open these 17 proceedings with saying that all too 18 often Philadelphia is not at the front of 19 things. 20 cities to do it, other cities to try it, 21 but in the case of community-oriented 22 policing, I wanted to say I think we are 23 on the cutting edge, represented by our 24 law enforcement officers you see here 25 today, but those who came before him, We kind of wait often for other STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 4 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 like Commissioner Ramsey, who has been 3 recognized by the President of the United 4 States -- or the former President of the 5 United States as an example of what 6 community policing can be, and 7 Commissioner Ross and the District 8 Attorney have been trailblazers in many 9 regards on how to do things differently. 10 And I'd like to use the analogy that all 11 of these programs that we talk about, 12 whether we talk about restorative justice 13 models or others, are quivers in the 14 arrow of justice reform and one of those 15 steps that we are going to talk about 16 today, which is body cameras. 17 Commissioner on the Pennsylvania Crime 18 and Delinquency Commission appointed by 19 Governor Wolf, I was tickled pink when 20 other Commissioners from around the state 21 brought up the idea of cameras, and I was 22 sitting there with Philly pride saying, 23 well, we are already on this. 24 were doing a survey to look at intended 25 and unintended consequences of these And as a And they STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 5 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 kinds of cameras, which we will hear 3 about from both sides today. 4 But what was good was, when 5 they did the sampling in different 6 counties, they only needed to do a 7 sampling in one of our police districts, 8 because what it brought to my mind was 9 the fact that there's a lot of activity 10 here. 11 but they were doing this in entire police 12 districts in other counties. 13 district versus entire police, county 14 police, in an area. 15 equalled that. 16 They needed one police district, So one So the activity So what we're going to hear 17 about today is how goes it, and I think 18 it was important that instead of rolling 19 it out to the thousands of officers we 20 have, we took our time and we were 21 deliberate in looking at what we could 22 do. 23 talk about is the technology, the 24 hardware, the software and, as important, 25 the storage, but also things like does it So some of the things we're going to STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 6 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 make us safer, what are the consequences. 3 Because at the end of the day, public 4 safety is number one for the citizenry of 5 Philadelphia and those people who wear 6 those uniforms and getting them home 7 after shift. 8 9 10 11 12 So what we're going to do is have this hearing. We're going to hear from a lot of different opinions. Would any of the other members like to comment on this hearing? 13 (No response.) 14 COUNCILMAN JONES: Seeing no 15 comment, because they know how long we're 16 going to be here today, Ms. Williams, 17 would you please read the names for the 18 record of those who will testify in the 19 first panel. 20 THE CLERK: The first witness 21 will be Commissioner Ross, also followed 22 by a demonstration from Sergeant Jay 23 Bowen and Michael Vidro, and then 24 followed by District Attorney Seth 25 Williams, who is joining Commissioner STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 7 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Ross. 3 COUNCILMAN JONES: Thank you. 4 Commissioner, you've been at 5 this table a number of times. 6 state your name for the record and begin 7 your testimony. 8 9 10 COMMISSIONER ROSS: Please Sure. Richard Ross, Police Commissioner. Mr. Chairman, if's all right 11 with you, I will summarize much of my 12 testimony for the sake of brevity. 13 So with that, good afternoon, 14 sir, and other members of the Committee 15 on Public Safety. 16 is Police Commissioner Ross and I am 17 pleased to be here today to discuss the 18 status of the Police Department's 19 body-worn camera pilot program. 20 with me I have the experts from within 21 the Department and the Office of 22 Innovation and Technology that have been 23 instrumental in developing, implementing, 24 and operating the current program. 25 individuals will be available to answer As was stated, my name Along These STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 8 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 any questions you may have at the end of 3 my testimony. 4 testimony, a brief demonstration will be 5 provided to show the actual capabilities 6 and limitations of these cameras. 7 Also at the end of my On September 25th, 2014, a 8 working group was established to examine 9 the use of body-worn cameras by the 10 Philadelphia Police Department. 11 working group was tasked with evaluating 12 ease of operation, quality, reliability, 13 officer safety, and the transfer of data 14 to an evidence management system. 15 of this program are to improve upon our 16 current transparency, accountability, 17 professionalism, and community policing 18 initiatives. 19 The Goals The 22nd Police District was 20 chosen to serve as the pilot. This 21 district was chosen partly due to the 22 diversity of the officers and the 23 community as a whole. 24 this district had some of the highest 25 morale within the Department. The officers in The crime STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 9 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 rate in the area is above average and 3 presented an excellent opportunity for 4 officer and community interaction. 5 was decided that this area would be best 6 to provide necessary challenges to test 7 both the body-worn cameras as well as the 8 pilot policy. It 9 Our partners from Temple 10 University assisted the Department 11 through officer surveys and focus groups 12 associated with the use of body-worn 13 cameras. 14 Elizabeth Groff and her team produced 15 pre-daily and post-surveys that would 16 encompass numerous topics from usability 17 to effectiveness of the actual cameras. 18 Temple University Professor Volunteer officers from the 19 22nd District would enter into a 20 six-month program of wearing various 21 camera models. 22 evaluated the cameras on various aspects 23 of usage and performance. 24 25 Officers continually As mentioned, a policy was developed to establish guidelines STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 10 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 consistent with Pennsylvania law for the 3 use of body-worn cameras. 4 The volunteers from the 22nd 5 District were introduced to various 6 models of body-worn cameras and given 7 training and the opportunity to 8 familiarize themselves with these 9 products, such as safety features and 10 general operating procedures. 11 Additionally, technical training for 12 service set-up and extraction of files 13 was also provided to the officers and 14 evidence managers. 15 presented to the officers by Captain 16 Francis Healy, the Special Advisor, and a 17 question and answer period was offered. 18 The draft policy was Officers and evidence managers 19 were provided with a work flowchart for 20 each of the cameras. 21 provided with the proper steps which 22 would enable them to share video evidence 23 with the detective divisions, the DA's 24 Office, and the Office of Professional 25 Responsibility, otherwise known as Members were STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 11 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Internal Affairs. 3 Creating a pilot policy and 4 identifying the most efficient and 5 cost-effective camera would prove to be 6 the simpler task at hand. 7 would be finding a multi-functional 8 evidence management system capable of 9 providing a solid evidence trail for an The challenge 10 expanded use of body-worn cameras and 11 digital evidence within the Police 12 Department. 13 management service would be one that 14 would satisfy both the Police Department 15 and the DA's Office requirements. 16 The proper evidence The body-worn camera pilot 17 program has examined the best practices 18 for officer safety and provided 19 recommendations for best evidentiary 20 means of security and storage. 21 mentioned, partners from Temple 22 University assisted the Police Department 23 with pre, post, and usability surveys to 24 assist in gathering key information about 25 physical deployment of body-worn cameras As STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 12 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 and perceptions related to their use. 3 Focused groups and surveys were 4 outgoing -- ongoing, shall I say, 5 throughout the pilot process. 6 Researchers provided a summary of the 7 focused group findings pertaining to the 8 following: 9 body-worn cameras in the Department, 10 technical usability, use of body-worn 11 cameras in different situations, risk or 12 benefits that should be considered in 13 evaluating technology. 14 assumed goals of using During the course of this pilot 15 program, there were a number of 16 infrastructure challenges, storage issues 17 and other areas of concern. 18 conclusion of my testimony, Mike Vidro 19 from the Office of Innovation and 20 Technology will be able to address any 21 questions on these issues. 22 At the During the pilot program, 11 23 cameras were utilized. Several cameras 24 failed prior to being distributed to the 25 officers involved in the program. The STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 13 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 pilot program started in December 2014, 3 and in May of '15 the officers were down 4 to utilizing only two of the cameras. 5 fact, the officers stopped wearing all 6 the remaining cameras except the two 7 cameras that made it to the final day of 8 the program. 9 In On July 2nd, 2015, a final 10 meeting was held at the Forensic Science 11 Building with all the stakeholders 12 involved in the pilot program. 13 meeting was held to determine the model 14 of the body-worn camera that was to be 15 recommended by the Police Department for 16 use by designated sworn personnel. 17 Without question and without any 18 hesitation, the camera selected was the 19 Taser Axon Camera. 20 The The runner-up in the selection 21 process was the Wolfcom Vision. It 22 should be noted that our Digital Media 23 Evidence Unit did a thorough review of 24 both of these cameras. 25 determination in selecting the Taser Axon The final STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 14 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 was its bulletproof reliability and 3 extreme ease of use, as well as its 4 dock-and-go functionality. 5 Axon had superior durability and did not 6 sustain any critical failures during the 7 program. 8 The Taser What is very important to the 9 selection of this camera over the others 10 is that the volunteer officers from the 11 22nd District unanimously selected this 12 camera over all other cameras. 13 were the same officers who volunteered to 14 be a part of the study and did what we 15 originally asked of them, give us a fair 16 and balanced opinion on what the 17 camera -- which camera the Police 18 Department should adopt. These 19 While I am pleased with the 20 status of the pilot program, for this 21 program to be successful citywide, 22 additional partners will need to play a 23 crucial role in the future development of 24 the program. 25 are not limited to, sworn members of the These partners include, but STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 15 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Department who will be wearing the 3 cameras, also the Office of Innovation 4 and Technology, police supervisors and 5 investigators, the Office of Professional 6 Responsibilities, evidence managers, 7 prosecutors, public defenders, the 8 courts, and members of the community. 9 This has already been a 10 successful pilot program because of the 11 hard work of many, including the four 12 officers from the 22nd District who acted 13 as evidence managers and salesmen pushing 14 the program forward. 15 Presently every officer up to 16 the rank of lieutenant is equipped with a 17 body-worn camera in the 22nd District. 18 This full implementation went into effect 19 on April of 2016. 20 Affairs Unit is fully equipped with a 21 full complement of cameras. 22 looking to move forward with this program 23 and equipping the 24th and 25th Districts 24 by June or July of this year. 25 Also, the Civil We're This concludes my overview of STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 16 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 the Department's body-worn camera pilot 3 program. 4 would like to present a brief 5 demonstration of the body-worn camera 6 technology. 7 experts from the Department and the 8 Office of Innovation and Technology will 9 be available to answer any questions you 10 As requested, at this time I After the demonstration, the may have. 11 Thank you. 12 COUNCILMAN JONES: 13 Thank you, Commissioner. 14 We'll proceed with the 15 demonstration, if it's okay with the 16 panel, before we ask questions. 17 SERGEANT BOWEN: Good morning. 18 How are you? My name is Sergeant Jay 19 Bowen. 20 Evidence Unit, which is located in the 21 Office of Forensic Science. 22 happy and excited to be here today to 23 give you a demonstration of the Axon Body 24 2 body camera, which we're currently 25 using right now in our program. I'm assigned to the Digital Media I am very STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 17 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 I've been with this program 3 since its inception and I've had an 4 opportunity to look at various types and 5 brands. 6 a lot of interesting features. 7 the way the officer wears the camera. 8 This particular camera does have For one, As you know, the officers can 9 be involved in various daily activities. 10 Some of them rigorous, some of them more 11 daily routine or patrol. 12 uses a magnet type system where the 13 officer gets a magnet for -- one for 14 their jacket and they also are issued 15 another magnet that they can use for 16 their uniform. 17 This actually So the first thing the officer 18 does is takes this back piece and then 19 takes this magnet and then securely puts 20 it on their jacket or their outermost 21 garment. 22 Now, this body camera has been tested in 23 many different ways. 24 brief, this camera has been dropped 25 occasionally. Then they take the body camera. However, just in It's been exposed to STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 18 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 extreme heat. It's been exposed to 3 extreme cold. It's been exposed to 4 wetness, snow, rain, sleet, therefore, so 5 forth and so on. 6 that this camera really, really holds up. 7 For the way that we use our equipment, 8 this camera holds up very well. 9 And I will tell you So the officer gets their 10 camera and -- first of all, let me just 11 show you how the officers come and get 12 their cameras after their tour. 13 Every officer is actually 14 issued their own body camera. 15 not something that another officer would 16 use. 17 their name assigned to this camera. 18 nobody else would ever use their other 19 camera without them knowing that this is 20 their camera specifically assigned to 21 them. 22 They are They're water marked and they have So If you were -- if this were to 23 be the 22nd District, we have 24 approximately 300 of these individual 25 docks, each one of these docks on these STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 19 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 docking stations, and as the Commissioner 3 noted earlier with his brief, this is a 4 dock-and-go or I like to call a 5 plug-and-play type setup. 6 officers are having their roll call, they 7 would go up, they would grab their camera 8 that is assigned them. 9 badge numbers on them displayed, and they 10 basically plug-and-play into a headphone 11 jack. So when the They have their 12 At the beginning of their tour, 13 they grab their camera out of their dock. 14 They already have their magnet setup 15 already on, and then they're ready to go. 16 Okay? 17 Just like a cell phone, you 18 have to power on the device. So the 19 first thing the officer does when they 20 get their camera and they're all set up 21 is make sure that it's around center mass 22 and go ahead and power it on. 23 what I'm doing is, I'm powering on the 24 camera. 25 which blinks. Right now It's showing me a green light, That lets me know that the STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 20 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 camera is functioning and that the camera 3 is ready to go whenever as needed. 4 So if I'm in my police car or 5 I'm out on patrol, whether it's bike 6 patrol or foot patrol, and if there's an 7 opportunity or a situation where I may 8 have to utilize police action, I 9 basically just hit the inside of this 10 camera twice, and that tells me now that 11 we are in record mode versus powering on 12 mode, similar to a cell phone. 13 turn it on every time you want to use it. 14 It stays on all day. 15 powered on throughout the tour. 16 You don't So this is always So now when I look down and I 17 know that we're recording -- and I'll 18 show you again. 19 light that was green has now turned red. 20 Red means -- I like to -- when I do the 21 training, red means record. 22 we're recording now. 23 recording right now. 24 25 If you'll notice that Red means So we're currently One way to also tell how much battery time we have on this camera -STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 21 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 and we get about 12 hours-plus of camera 3 and video total if we were to leave this 4 on for 12 hours, and it's been tested to 5 have at least 12 hours video. 6 of different things could come into play 7 like that. 8 little bit more or a little bit less 9 depending on what kind of video you're 10 But a lot You could actually get a doing. 11 In an eight-hour tour, if you 12 average roughly around two hours of 13 video, because the officers have to turn 14 on and off the video camera physically, 15 then you can understand that 12 hours is 16 plenty enough time for a regular tour and 17 even an extended tour as needed. 18 So right now we're recording, 19 and throughout the tour I will check to 20 see, make sure I have enough battery 21 time. 22 bottom here that you push in. 23 people refer to it as the Iron Man heart. 24 And it's actually green. 25 yellow when we're in halfway, and then There's a little button on the Some It will turn STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 22 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 when it's red, it tells us that we have 3 to get it charged. 4 All the officers are actually 5 issued a cable, which I'll show you over 6 there, and the cable has the ability to 7 actually record -- I'm sorry; to go into 8 a USB and actually give it more battery 9 time at the same time as you're actually 10 able to view it as well. 11 lot of really great features about this. 12 So there's a What I'm going to do now is, 13 I'm going to turn the camera off and then 14 I'm going to go over to the computer and 15 simulate sitting in a police car if I was 16 at my computer in the police car. 17 way to turn it off is, you would hit the 18 puck in the middle and you will hold it 19 for a few seconds. 20 me know that this is off. 21 recording, it will give you a reminder 22 vibrating and an audible beep to let you 23 know that the camera is still recording. 24 25 So the That long beep lets While it's So now the camera is off, and now we're in green mode, and that STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 23 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 basically just lets the officers know 3 that we're no longer recording, but we're 4 now on standby. 5 So at this time, I'm going to 6 go over to show you what the video looks 7 like that we just did. 8 So our police vehicles, our 9 radio patrol cars, are equipped with MDTs 10 or MDCs, mobile data terminals or mobile 11 data computers. 12 in the car, they actually have the 13 ability to actually view their videos, 14 and this can be very helpful in many 15 different ways. 16 going to leave this camera on my chest 17 and I'm going to take this, which is just 18 a USB cord with a headphone jack on the 19 end, and then I'm going to just place the 20 headphone jack into the port while it's 21 still on my chest. 22 actually doing a few different things. 23 It's actually charging as well as 24 allowing the officer or the detective or 25 the investigator to view the video. If this were my computer But for now, I'm just And right now it's STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 24 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 (Video plays.) 3 SERGEANT BOWEN: 4 imagine you were just involved in a 5 situation where somebody may have ran or 6 you were looking for someone that was a 7 missing person that you maybe had 8 conversation with in the past and you 9 need to recollect some of that So just 10 information. 11 you can go right to your police car, plug 12 in this port and be able to give that 13 information out. 14 as you can see. 15 street, you would be able to see that 16 information right away. 17 Without any further delay, Okay. And it's very detailed, If we were out on the Now, when the officers 18 are in the car, they can tag the videos, 19 meaning that what they'll do is, 20 they'll -- basically they'll give it a 21 name. 22 missing person at 1800 East Tioga Street. 23 So what I'm doing now is, I'm tagging the 24 video in the police car, so that when I 25 go in at the end of the night and I dock So we'll just say this is a STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 25 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 the camera into the docking station, it 3 now gets uploaded into a cloud transfer. 4 So everything stays on this camera. 5 when I'm ready to go, if I have to go out 6 and get involved in a situation, I just 7 take the port off and then I'm ready to 8 go. 9 And When the officers are done 10 their tour and their videos are tagged, 11 they don't have to come in every time now 12 to tag a video. 13 and upload a video. 14 their way to the Detective Division, the 15 detectives have the same port set up in 16 the Detective Division. 17 have them. 18 them. 19 have them. 20 They wouldn't come in If they were on Homicide would Special Victims would have Your Detective Divisions would So the officer would actually 21 go there, take off their camera, turn it 22 off, and upload it. 23 to do, and they can walk away from it. 24 25 That's all they have Now, as soon as this is uploaded, depending on the size of the STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 26 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 video, it doesn't take that long, believe 3 it or not. 4 depending on the network speed. 5 detective, the investigator, the District 6 Attorney's Office can now view that 7 camera footage just by plugging and 8 playing and plugging and walking away and 9 sitting down and being interviewed. 10 It's actually pretty quick, COUNCILMAN JONES: The Officer, 11 could we -- so I saw the wide view of the 12 audience in the room. 13 simulate you talking to a citizen? 14 SERGEANT BOWEN: 15 COUNCILMAN JONES: 16 17 18 Is there a way to Sure. Could we get a volunteer? UNIDENTIFIED SPEAKER: I'll volunteer. 19 COUNCILMAN JONES: Come on. 20 So what I hope to do is, I saw, 21 but maybe it's my old eyes, I couldn't 22 see definition of people, and I wanted to 23 see at eye level how that would -- no. 24 Thank you, District Attorney. 25 with what God gave me. I'm going STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 27 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 So can you come up? 3 Oh, I see. 4 SERGEANT BOWEN: 5 All right. We would have to sit down and have a conversation or -- 6 COUNCILMAN JONES: 7 sit in Councilman Henon's. 8 that -- no. 9 So you can Can you turn Stand up. SERGEANT BOWEN: I need the 10 microphone again. 11 somebody said I don't speak as loud. 12 13 This is the first time Here we go. Do you hear me now? 14 COUNCILMAN JONES: 15 SERGEANT BOWEN: 16 Yes. Excellent. Thank you. 17 Hello, sir. 18 UNIDENTIFIED SPEAKER: 19 right. 20 How are you? I'm all And yourself? SERGEANT BOWEN: Very good. 21 Very good. 22 had their car stolen from this location. 23 Are you the complainant? 24 25 We got a call that somebody UNIDENTIFIED SPEAKER: Yes, I am. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 28 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 SERGEANT BOWEN: Oh, I'm sorry. 3 Can you tell me a little bit about where 4 the last time you saw the car? 5 UNIDENTIFIED SPEAKER: It was a 6 red Cadillac, about 1981, four-door, 7 ragtop. 8 driving. Last time I saw it I was 9 SERGEANT BOWEN: 10 I'd like to do is, do you have the 11 registration or is that -- that might be 12 in the car as well? 13 14 Okay. UNIDENTIFIED SPEAKER: So what That was in the car. 15 SERGEANT BOWEN: Okay. And the 16 insurance and -- would you happen to know 17 what the tag is, by any chance? 18 UNIDENTIFIED SPEAKER: 19 20 21 22 Yes; 44COPS. SERGEANT BOWEN: like that. Excellent. I Vanity tag. Okay. Well, what I'd like to 23 do is, I'm going to put out flash 24 information now so that we can have our 25 officers in the area survey for it, and STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 29 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 then what I'd like to do is I would like 3 to drive you around the neighborhood and 4 take a look at it. 5 joyride on them. 6 park them in other areas. 7 contact the Parking Authority and see if 8 maybe it was possibly towed for some 9 reason, and hopefully we can try to get 10 Sometimes people They'll take them and I'll also your car back for you. 11 UNIDENTIFIED SPEAKER: 12 SERGEANT BOWEN: 13 Do you have some time to come with me now? 14 UNIDENTIFIED SPEAKER: 15 SERGEANT BOWEN: 16 17 18 Okay. COUNCILMAN JONES: Great. We should give our actor a round of applause. (Applause.) 20 COUNCILMAN JONES: 22 Sure. Thank you. 19 21 Great. So you'll be able to play that back for us? SERGEANT BOWEN: So I'm going 23 to play it back right now and then you'll 24 see how quick we were able to get it in. 25 COUNCILMAN JONES: So also, STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 30 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Commissioner, do you have to inform the 3 public that they're being recorded? 4 COMMISSIONER ROSS: 5 supposed to, yes, by Pennsylvania law, 6 right. 7 COUNCILMAN JONES: We're So by 8 Pennsylvania law, you have to say, by the 9 way -- it's not a request and do you 10 11 mind. It is a -COMMISSIONER ROSS: No. It's 12 just letting you know because of the 13 audio portion of it. 14 COUNCILMAN JONES: 15 (Video played.) 16 COUNCILMAN JONES: Okay. So the 17 question I have, does that audio 18 automatically go to the Real Time Crime 19 Center or the police or is it 20 self-contained in the camera? 21 COMMISSIONER ROSS: This is 22 Mike Vidro is going to come up. He's 23 from the Office of Innovation and 24 Technology. 25 those technical questions. He'll be able to answer all STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 31 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 COUNCILMAN JONES: 3 Pull the mic to you. 4 the record, please. 5 MR. VIDRO: Welcome. State your name for Mike Vidro. I am 6 the Program Director for the body-worn 7 camera system assigned by the Office of 8 Innovation and Technology. 9 COUNCILMAN JONES: 10 question was, is that -- I know it's 11 realtime, but is it just between the 12 camera house or does it go back to a 13 remote location? 14 MR. VIDRO: No. So the The audio and 15 the video are contained in the camera 16 only. 17 through the sync application inside the 18 vehicle or through the mobile 19 application, the video never leaves the 20 camera or the audio. 21 offloaded is when it's plugged into a 22 dock. 23 24 25 Even when they're playing it back The only time it's COUNCILMAN JONES: And why is that? MR. VIDRO: For chain of STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 32 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 custody and for security. 3 that thing was lost, there's no way to 4 pull the video off of it. 5 had the cable that plugged in, without 6 the proprietary software or the docking 7 station, you're not able to actually 8 physically pull the video from the 9 camera. So even if Even if they 10 COUNCILMAN JONES: 11 MR. VIDRO: 12 maybe a little misconception. 13 I'm sure you can rip the camera to pieces 14 and grab the SD card that's in there, but 15 it is encrypted, so you'd have to get 16 through a 64-bit encryption to be able 17 to -- 18 19 20 The Chair -- And actually that's COUNCILMAN JONES: Because And did I hear you say that's bulletproof? MR. VIDRO: I wouldn't say it's 21 bulletproof, no. It meets all military 22 standards for 60 and 10, I believe is the 23 two standards. 24 It's, I believe, 15 feet drop, from a 25 straight drop. So that's for drop proof. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 33 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 COUNCILMAN JONES: 3 pretty sturdy. 4 MR. VIDRO: 5 COUNCILMAN JONES: 6 So it's Yes. But it's not bulletproof. 7 MR. VIDRO: It is immersible 8 for up to, I believe, 30 seconds. 9 the same military standards that are 10 All followed. 11 COUNCILMAN JONES: So you said 12 the reason why it doesn't realtime back 13 to a third party observing it is because 14 of chain of custody. 15 MR. VIDRO: Can you elaborate? Well, physically 16 the camera has no ability, it doesn't 17 connect to a network. 18 19 20 COUNCILMAN JONES: So it's not WiFi? MR. VIDRO: It has WiFi and 21 blue tooth built in, but it's WiFi kind 22 of like a phone that doesn't work. 23 with the WiFi -- you know what I'm 24 talking about? 25 you can still hook it up to your house Just If you have an old phone, STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 34 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 WiFi. 3 be able to connect it to, say, for 4 instance, an Xfinity WiFi and connect 5 anything. 6 there -- it is disabled on our cameras. 7 It's a future feature that will allow you 8 to use WiFi instead of the sync cable 9 inside the MDT, because all of the new That does work, but you wouldn't And the reason for the WiFi 10 MDTs all have WiFi connectivity. 11 you'd be able to get a secondary WiFi 12 card and instead of having a cable being 13 plugged in and plugged out, as soon as 14 the officer would walk into a car, he'd 15 have the ability to pull it up. 16 So The second reason for the WiFi 17 would be because they're looking in the 18 future to get rid of the docking station 19 connectivity to a network and just do it 20 over a WiFi connection and a network. 21 COUNCILMAN JONES: So in your 22 planning, was there a conscious decision 23 to say that we want those cameras just 24 between police and citizen as opposed to 25 a third party that might be observing the STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 35 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 interaction? 3 4 MR. VIDRO: That was never the purpose of the camera. 5 6 Yeah. COUNCILMAN JONES: But is it policy or is it law? 7 COMMISSIONER ROSS: In terms of 8 whether or not we catch a third party? 9 COUNCILMAN JONES: No. So as 10 in the demonstration, we saw the 11 interaction, but does that camera have 12 the capability of having someone back in 13 the district or at the Real Time Crime 14 Center that can plug into that and see 15 what's going on as well? 16 17 COMMISSIONER ROSS: Not at the same time. 18 MR. VIDRO: Not at the same 19 time. I see what you're getting at. So 20 it is possible. 21 in the future because of the WiFi 22 capability, but at this time, no. 23 mean, you'd have to basically register 24 these things onto a WiFi network, and 25 right now there is no software that would There is a possibility I STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 36 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 allow us to blithe into it. 3 COUNCILMAN JONES: 4 clarification. 5 6 The Chair recognizes Councilman Greenlee. 7 8 Just wanted COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 9 Good afternoon, everyone. 10 Commissioner, if I could just 11 ask, I know you said as far as the 12 partners, you included community in 13 there, and I know we're going to hear 14 from some community members, but has 15 there been any general reaction that 16 you've heard from the community in the 17 22nd District, pro, con, whatever, that 18 has -- 19 COMMISSIONER ROSS: I can't 20 honestly speak to whether the community 21 has said anything. I only know what the 22 officers are doing. I can tell you in 23 advance of future questions, one of the 24 things we're going to look to do is, via 25 surveys and any other means we can find, STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 37 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 is to be as inclusive as possible with 3 the community about their feedback. 4 with regard to particular feedback thus 5 far with the pilot, I can't honestly say 6 that -- 7 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: But Maybe a 8 little too early to really get that, I 9 guess. 10 COMMISSIONER ROSS: 11 sure it's out there. 12 personally heard it. 13 14 15 16 Yeah. I just haven't COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: right. COUNCILMAN JONES: Thank you, Councilman. Councilman Johnson. 18 COUNCILMAN JOHNSON: 20 All Thank you, sir. 17 19 I'm Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you, Commissioner, for 21 being here as well. I want to thank my 22 Chairperson for hosting this hearing. 23 This particular topic goes for building 24 the relationship between those in the 25 community as well as our law enforcement, STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 38 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 those who are in the law enforcement 3 community, and I definitely like that 4 we're going in the right direction by at 5 least having a pilot program. 6 You talked about early on in 7 your testimony regarding some of the 8 limitations around storage, footage. 9 you elaborate on that. Can And also you 10 talked about access -- well, part of the 11 presentation, the Sergeant talked about 12 access to the footage from the District 13 Attorney's Office, other law enforcement 14 issues. 15 the Right-to-Know Request from the actual 16 citizen based upon this being 17 taxpayer-funded footage? Would this footage be subject to 18 So those two questions. Can a 19 civilian have access to the same footage 20 as well as the various law enforcement 21 agencies? 22 idea of some of the limitations regarding 23 footage that has an impact on the 24 surveillance cameras. 25 And then, two, just give me an COMMISSIONER ROSS: Okay. So a STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 39 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 couple things, and they kind of work in 3 tandem with one another. 4 With regard to civilians, I 5 believe -- and the lawyer is in the 6 room -- under Right to Know, I believe 7 anybody could file for it if that's what 8 you chose to do, but what it comes to is 9 the first part of your question is 10 limitations relative to financial 11 resources, I mean, to run the program. 12 Because it would take people to download 13 that to get that information for every 14 request that comes through. 15 an attempt to be a naysayer on it; just 16 to answer your question. 17 This is not Those are some issues and 18 implications that we have to deal with, 19 because for every person that asks for 20 something, we have to have people that 21 are able to retrieve that information. 22 To give you an example, I 23 referenced the four police officers from 24 the 22nd District who are behind the 25 scenes pushing this program. Well, they STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 40 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 are needed to basically deal with the 3 uploading and in every other aspect of 4 this program. 5 that is incurred that often people may 6 not see. 7 that times at least 20 other districts 8 with officers who are behind the scenes. 9 And so that's also a cost And so you would be multiplying Now, in anticipation of a 10 question that will naturally come, Well, 11 could you get civilians to do it. 12 Possibility, there's a thing called 13 bargaining member work with the FOP. 14 don't know if they would be for or 15 against that, but either way, it would be 16 hiring civilians to do it. I 17 With regard to limitations in 18 general, the cost of the cameras is not 19 what's cost prohibitive. 20 issue. 21 question. 22 some of the details, but when we have an 23 officer or officers who record an 24 interaction and there is no resulting 25 arrest or anything that we need to That's not at It is the storage, without And Mike Vidro can get into STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 41 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 document later, that goes into the cloud, 3 and after X number of days, that gets 4 erased so that your image isn't unfairly 5 captured forever, because that's not fair 6 to you. 7 resulting from it, you shouldn't have to 8 deal with it. 9 Because if it was nothing If there was an arrest, if 10 there were a police-involved shooting or 11 there was something that was 12 controversial, that will then go into 13 evidence.com, and we would essentially 14 keep that for as long as any case would 15 be around. 16 The issue is, that's all money. 17 costs money. 18 pilot phase -- and Mike Vidro, again, 19 will be able to answer some of the 20 monetary costs, and if he can't, someone 21 else will -- this is the rub across the 22 nation about how much you pay. 23 smaller jurisdictions that have been 24 compelled to remove themselves from body 25 camera programs because they can't afford So that would be the case. That all And as we move out of the There are STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 42 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 it. 3 And so we are proponents of it 4 here, but just realize in managing 5 everybody's expectations, there are some 6 significant costs that come with having a 7 program like this. 8 9 One more thing to your question. We were going to go to another 10 district, but because of the 11 infrastructure, we couldn't do it, 12 because that particular district, because 13 it's so old and couldn't handle the 14 fiber, we just simply couldn't do it. 15 And so it would have been a waste of time 16 to send it there knowing that we're going 17 to put it somewhere that wouldn't support 18 it. 19 So there are a whole host of 20 things we have to contend with, and this 21 is why we're trying to do this as 22 collaboratively as we can and make sure 23 that everybody understands everything 24 that is involved in this, because it's 25 not a simple undertaking. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 43 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 COUNCILMAN JOHNSON: And one of 3 my questions was around the issue of cost 4 for the pilot program. 5 actual number? 6 7 MR. VIDRO: Is there an So far the pilot -- the original pilot, the first -- 8 COUNCILMAN JOHNSON: 9 MR. VIDRO: Yes. -- year-long pilot 10 didn't cost us anything. 11 an agreement, a pilot agreement, with the 12 vendors. 13 vendors, and that was literally every 14 single camera manufacturer at the time 15 who had a camera. 16 We came up with We initially had about 17 This is back in 2014. COUNCILMAN JONES: Can you 17 bring that mic a little closer. 18 MR. VIDRO: 19 2014 when that was requested. 20 was free. 21 to provide us with enough cameras to do a 22 pilot with. 23 That was back in So that That was up to these vendors Once we moved into the second 24 phase of the pilot, the 300 cameras plus 25 the appurtenance to connect it all up and STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 44 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 make it all work was about 235,000, is 3 what we spent so far. 4 COUNCILMAN JOHNSON: And has 5 anyone done any pre-calculation 6 hypothetically to say if we wanted to go 7 to scale and this is how much the 8 infrastructure would cost to cover all of 9 our departments per our police force, 10 what would that dollar amount look like? 11 MR. VIDRO: So if we're only 12 talking -- because right now you guys are 13 all aware of the Comcast agreement. 14 with these new Comcast circuits, OIT is 15 rolling these out as we speak. 16 Police Department, the public safety 17 departments are the priority to roll 18 these circuits out to. 19 circuits are rolled out, that will take 20 care of any infrastructure issues we 21 have. 22 So The Once these I don't really consider that, 23 even though I'm sure it is, a part of the 24 larger cost. 25 on is the physical cost of the storage What we're narrowing down STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 45 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 and the cameras themselves. 3 original assessment over the year-long 4 pilot in storage, it would be required. 5 So the Right now it probably helps you 6 to understand how our system is set up 7 right now. 8 an evidence management system in place at 9 the Police Department, and that was used 10 to collect all of our video surveillance 11 video from the DSS system, the street 12 cameras, and also the interview room 13 systems. 14 include body-worn cameras. 15 Since about 2013, we've had We have now expanded on that to So the way we have it set up 16 right now, it's a hybrid system. 17 uploading to a cloud for the rolling 18 30-day, get rid of it if we don't need it 19 storage. 20 that level. 21 comes down to PAB once it becomes 22 evidence into our evidence manager. 23 We are So that's limiting our cost at And then everything else Moving forward, that's not 24 going to be sustainable. So the pricing 25 we've done over that year-long pilot in STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 46 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 just the storage and the cameras and that 3 ability is somewhere on the order of 4 about -- when we're done, about $2 and a 5 half million a year, and that's including 6 the replacement of the cameras as well as 7 the storage itself. 8 COUNCILMAN JOHNSON: Thank you. 9 Before I turn it over to my 10 colleagues, Mr. Chairman, one last part 11 about the evidence of the actual footage. 12 So separate from a civilian having the 13 opportunity to have access to it, I guess 14 it would be a situation where if there is 15 a case, it would be between the District 16 Attorney's Office and the lawyer for the 17 defendant to share the footage amongst 18 the two parties for the court proceeding, 19 correct? 20 COMMISSIONER ROSS: Right. 21 COUNCILMAN JONES: I see you 22 nodding. It's in your testimony? 23 COUNCILMAN JOHNSON: 24 COUNCILMAN JONES: 25 Okay. Thank you. Thank you, Councilman. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 47 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Councilman Taubenberger. 3 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 4 Mr. Chairman, thank you. 5 And, Commissioner, thank you 6 very much for being here and, more 7 importantly, thank you for your service. 8 Great fan of not just yourself but all of 9 the police. The work you do helps ensure 10 our democracy and the safety of our 11 citizens and everything that goes with 12 that. 13 I do have a couple questions. 14 One, is there actual training for the 15 officer wearing this? 16 COMMISSIONER ROSS: Absolutely. 17 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: The 18 other question -- and, Sergeant, if you 19 could speak to this, because you were 20 filming it. 21 situation, in that most people don't run 22 around with a camera on their chest ever. 23 It's relatively new. 24 police officers would have paper or 25 something when they engage a citizen. I find it not a natural But many times STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 48 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Your film right here showed something 3 very simple that I don't think anyone 4 would have thought about, and I certainly 5 didn't. 6 blocking the view. Your microphone was actually 7 SERGEANT BOWEN: 8 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 9 10 Right. What do you do about something like that? Because that could be critical. 11 SERGEANT BOWEN: Right. So the 12 way the cameras are positioned, we try to 13 get it as best as we can with center 14 mass. 15 conversation. 16 their hands, and that will come up. 17 your firearm is even out, sometimes 18 you'll have that vantage view as well. 19 Depending on the situation. 20 try to be as mindful as you can. 21 Traditionally we would be in Some people talk with If I mean, you What happened is, I actually 22 noticed -- so this is actually good that 23 it actually did happen. 24 and then you'll notice I switched hands 25 and bring it down. I realized that, So consciously I was STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 49 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 just doing my normal routine as I 3 normally would when involving with the 4 public, but being mindful that I'm 5 recording, I would switch off my other 6 hand. 7 I believe that officers over 8 time -- and it's a learning process -- 9 will also do the same thing. There are 10 times where unfortunately those things 11 will happen. 12 potentially, you know, be obstructed. 13 long it's not done deliberately, then 14 that's just part of it. 15 good thing just to be mindful of it 16 really. 17 The camera could As And it's just a Now, I've been personally 18 involved with the training, and during 19 the training, we do talk about those 20 things and what's the best way to wear 21 the camera. 22 it's in the center and behind them, you 23 know, or not on the side of them, it's 24 not only a comfort level, but these 25 officers that are wearing them every day, Some officers, as long as STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 50 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 they get used to it, and after time, it's 3 just like putting on your gun and putting 4 on your radio and your handcuffs. 5 put on the radio and say this works for 6 me. You 7 So I'm not really a hand talker 8 usually, but if I were, I would just have 9 to be more conscious with it. And I 10 think over time, I think our officers do 11 a very good job correcting those issues. 12 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: But, 13 for example, if you had paperwork in your 14 hand, a warrant or something or a traffic 15 citation, your traffic -- 16 SERGEANT BOWEN: I'm glad that 17 you actually brought that up. We 18 actually have had some footage where you 19 could actually read the writing on the 20 warrant, not mean to do it, but actually 21 it could come to an advantage. 22 if you're holding the warrant or you're 23 holding the ticket before issuing it, 24 it's that clear where you can actually 25 get the words from the warrant. I mean, Not STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 51 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 saying that you would need that for every 3 situation, but just say in a situation 4 where that might be something useful. 5 So I hate to say in some cases 6 you win some, in some cases you lose 7 some. 8 and maybe not always, but as long as you 9 try to do the best you can in good spirit You have some really good footage 10 and good heart, I think it works out 11 pretty well. 12 concerned, let's just hope that they're 13 holding the paperwork like this the whole 14 time. 15 16 17 But as far as paperwork is COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: I understand. SERGEANT BOWEN: And hopefully 18 it just would be obstructed enough just 19 to give the ticket. 20 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: An 21 additional question and also a follow-up 22 in particular with the pilot. 23 you may be the person to answer or not, 24 but you also have the ability to turn 25 this off and on. Sergeant, I think originally it STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 52 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 was stated maybe by the Commissioner that 3 this goes on or you put this on when 4 there's an engagement with somebody, with 5 a citizen. 6 turn on by itself. 7 Who turns it on? SERGEANT BOWEN: It doesn't You're right. 8 The officer does have that ability to 9 turn it on. It was very important to 10 give the officers -- we want -- at the 11 end of the day, the officers have to turn 12 the camera on. 13 14 15 Okay? And -- COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: What do you mean "have to"? SERGEANT BOWEN: It's part of 16 the policy. It's part of the directive. 17 And during the training process, they go 18 over the directive. 19 highlighted areas. 20 They're all given a copy of the policy, 21 the directive, and they know the rules. 22 But there's one thing about the rules and 23 one thing about applying the rules, and 24 sometimes technology does get created 25 quicker than policy sometimes. We go over We go over key areas. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 53 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 3 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: Correct. 4 SERGEANT BOWEN: So we're 5 constantly looking at our policies. 6 We're constantly looking at our 7 directives. 8 living document or breathing document, 9 but as we get feedback from this program, I hate to say the word 10 we try to adopt those with our legal 11 counsel and legal team as well. 12 So the officers -- we had to 13 buy in to the program, right? 14 in the beginning when it was voluntary. 15 So by the officers having the ability to 16 turn it on and off gives them the freedom 17 to turn it off when they have to do 18 something personal. 19 several times throughout a tour. 20 want to make sure you turn it off. 21 that had been left on, that's personal 22 conversation. 23 Especially My wife will call me You If I know that there's probably 24 some policies out there that it stays on 25 during the whole tour. It's not with STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 54 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 ours, and I think the officers over time 3 will remember to turn it on and then they 4 turn it off. 5 Whenever they respond to a job 6 and they'll say, for instance, 2422, I 7 got that and turn on the radio en route 8 to the job. 9 it on while driving to the assignment. 10 11 So they're actually having COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: Got you. 12 SERGEANT BOWEN: But, again, it 13 is going to be a learning process. 14 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: And, 15 Commissioner, I believe in your testimony 16 you had said that it is, I think, a 17 matter of law that you have to tell the 18 citizen -- 19 20 21 22 COMMISSIONER ROSS: Well, I misspoke on that. You want to elaborate on that, on the Pennsylvania law? 23 DISTRICT ATTORNEY WILLIAMS: 24 Pennsylvania Wiretap Law, Councilman. 25 COUNCILMAN JONES: State your STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 55 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 name for the record. 3 4 DISTRICT ATTORNEY WILLIAMS: Thank you. 5 Rufus Seth Williams. Councilman, Pennsylvania 6 Wiretap Law requires that parties know 7 that they are being taped, and it's a 8 violation of the Pennsylvania Wiretap Law 9 for a person not to be advised. So you 10 just can't go around tape recording 11 someone and they don't know. 12 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 13 Right. 14 Sergeant chatted with the individual 15 here, you would have said that right from 16 the beginning that you are being filmed 17 or being taped? 18 So in this case where the SERGEANT BOWEN: Well, it says 19 as soon as when feasible, because there 20 are some times where there is not time to 21 inform the individual. 22 just going to have a mere encounter, as 23 soon as you introduce yourself, Hey, 24 listen, I just want to let you know that 25 this is being recorded. Now, if you're STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 56 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 But the rules are a little 3 different for outside versus going 4 inside. 5 thoroughfare and outside -- I don't know 6 if at all times the identification is 7 being made. 8 9 See, outside is the public DISTRICT ATTORNEY WILLIAMS: there are exigent circumstances. So I don't 10 want to go through a whole law school 11 class, but when you're out in the public, 12 you do not have the expectation of 13 privacy while you're outside walking down 14 Market Street, but if you're in your 15 home, you do have the expectation of 16 privacy. 17 shades of gray, to answer your question. So there are a lot of different 18 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 19 is the law, Mr. District Attorney, 20 dealing with the fact of the audio 21 portion or the video portion or both? 22 DISTRICT ATTORNEY WILLIAMS: 23 And Both. 24 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 25 Thank you very much. Both. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 57 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 3 Mr. Chairman, that concludes my questions. Thank you. 4 COUNCILMAN JONES: Thank you. 5 Before I go to Councilwoman 6 Gym, I wanted to just recap a couple of 7 things. 8 piece roughly? So the cameras are about $100 a 9 MR. VIDRO: Not exactly. The 10 whole package, we're looking at about 11 $300. That's what the -- 12 COUNCILMAN JONES: 13 with 300. 14 storage? Let's go But the high end part is the 15 MR. VIDRO: Yes. 16 COUNCILMAN JONES: 17 working that in the cloud storage like 18 that. And us 19 We went from 17 vendors down to 20 two, down to one, and this was the vendor 21 we chose. 22 we have to figure all of this out. 23 talking about full rollout, if Councilman 24 Johnson's question was citywide, will be 25 about 2 million a year? By way of cost -- and I know We're STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 58 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 MR. VIDRO: That's correct. 3 And as we roll these out, obviously out 4 first it's going to be -- I think if we 5 just took it and divided it by 4,000 6 cops. 7 COUNCILMAN JONES: 8 roughly -- and I'm not holding you to 9 this. 10 11 So I'm just trying to get generalities in. Two million a year. By way of some of this -- and I 12 think the best quote today was that 13 sometimes technology outpaces law and 14 policy, and we're kind of building it on 15 the run while we develop and roll out the 16 technology. 17 state level, and I'm assuming it's true 18 at the City level, that this is new when 19 you -- so it was wise to me to have the 20 test before the rollout, so we could work 21 out some of the kinks and figure out some 22 of the policies and, for example, what 23 Councilman Taubenberger talked about, 24 when I go in your home and what you said, 25 Mr. District Attorney, there is an I know that's true at the STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 59 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 expectation of privacy at that point, and 3 you need to let people know that they're 4 being recorded. 5 questions -- and I know you're going to 6 cover it in your testimony, so I'm going 7 to hold that question, because I'm sure 8 there's going to be all kinds of legal 9 precedent at some point when people want So some of the access 10 evidence, declare evidence or try to 11 shield people. 12 and a perpetrator wanting to get the film 13 so that they can see who saw. 14 those are -- and that's why we're having 15 these hearings, so that we can kind of -- 16 and we're not going to answer all of the 17 questions today, but we can at least 18 categorize the questions so we can, as we 19 go through this, get a better sense of 20 it. I can imagine witnesses 21 Councilwoman. 22 COUNCILWOMAN GYM: 23 And so Thank you so much, Mr. Chair. 24 And thank you so much, 25 Commissioner Ross, and everybody else for STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 60 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 coming out. 3 Department for taking us into this new 4 era and helping us assure the public how 5 important it is to have safety work on 6 both the police end and the public end as 7 well. 8 I really commend the One of my questions is about 9 how -- I think it's continued to proceed 10 along the lines of Councilman Johnson's 11 questions, how to think through when in 12 fact the camera is turned off -- on, 13 rather. 14 procedures in place, but in particular 15 about whether there's any review 16 procedures in place if there's a problem 17 or a disciplinary procedure, for example, 18 if a police officer were not to turn it 19 on and there were a problem in an 20 interaction. 21 I know that there are some COMMISSIONER ROSS: So we have 22 the pilot policy. It's pretty 23 exhaustive. 24 you're supposed to do it, when you're 25 explicitly not. I mean, and it explains when Let me just give you a STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 61 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 couple examples of when they're supposed 3 to turn it on, and it's including, but 4 not limited to, the following: 5 when they're responding to a crime in 6 progress; initiating any vehicular or 7 foot pursuit; any vehicular or pedestrian 8 investigation; a site arrest or citation; 9 taking a statement from a victim or obviously 10 witness; handling a disturbance; handling 11 a protest or demonstration; confronted by 12 any member of the general public where it 13 may become antagonistic or 14 confrontational; when handling a 15 situation the officer through their 16 training/experience believe should be 17 visually preserved; and when conducing a 18 suspect confrontation. 19 whole list of others where you're not 20 supposed to do it and it's explicitly 21 outlined. 22 long. And there are a I mean, this policy is pretty 23 Again, it's important to point 24 out that it is a pilot, because as we go 25 forward, as Mr. Chairman has indicated, STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 62 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 there are a lot of things in this whole 3 camera project nationally. 4 all literally building a plane while 5 we're flying it. 6 kind of thrust into this and with good 7 reason, but at the same token, a lot of 8 things are unanswered, and we don't 9 profess to have all the answers either. I mean, we're I mean, because we got 10 So a lot of these things we're going 11 forward trying to figure out what has 12 happened in other places that we can 13 learn from. 14 I credit the Office of 15 Technology, Innovation and Technology, as 16 well as these officers here for being 17 very judicious about how we proceeded. 18 We could have just said, Look, let's just 19 roll it out citywide and just, like some 20 places, learn from our mistakes, some of 21 which would have been catastrophic 22 financially for us as well as from a 23 legal standpoint. 24 25 And so while it is a very deliberate process for us in terms of how STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 63 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 long we're taking, we want to get it 3 right in terms of the vendor we pick, the 4 camera we pick, the policy, how it's 5 accepted. 6 that human factor. 7 try to get your officers on board as 8 well. 9 endeavor like this is not necessarily I mean, because then you get I mean, you want to And to be realistic about that, an 10 that easy. 11 tell you that everybody in the Police 12 Department can't wait to put on a 13 body-worn camera, because that would be 14 disingenuous of me to tell you that. 15 I will tell you that we seem to be 16 getting some pretty solid feedback from 17 those in the 22nd and Civil Affairs who 18 have worn them, and it seems to, 19 according to many, have lowered the 20 temperature in many cases in some 21 interactions. 22 I'm not going to sit here and But And so we continue to move down 23 this path. We want to move forward, but 24 we have very explicit policies about when 25 you turn it on, when you don't and so STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 64 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 forth and so on. 3 about -- because you're talking about 4 potentially violating a lot of people's 5 rights in this, and we don't want to do 6 that. 7 path, and at the same token, we don't 8 want to get anybody hurt wearing the 9 body-worn camera. 10 Very, very rigid We don't want to go down that So there's a lot of things we got to do. 11 COUNCILWOMAN GYM: Thank you 12 for that. And I know that policies can 13 be written out, and of course it's all 14 the implementation, but part of my 15 question was more asking about what kind 16 of -- have you built in any kind of 17 review of how you're proceeding with this 18 project, so that like in six months time, 19 there will be a public report about when 20 cameras were turned off, when they -- or 21 when cameras were turned on rather, when 22 they were not, at what points were 23 there -- appropriate action was taken or 24 inappropriate action was taken by 25 individual officers. I don't think that STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 65 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 names have to get out there, but in part, 3 I feel that whenever any complicated 4 policy goes into effect, there needs to 5 be some kind of process in which the 6 Department itself, and to some extent 7 publicly, is sharing out information 8 about how it's unfurling. 9 there any kind of procedures in place 10 that would allow, for example, a data 11 review within a certain amount of time 12 or, in fact, are there any disciplinary 13 procedures that have been instituted in 14 case officers don't quite follow through 15 with all the procedures that they're 16 supposed to? And so is 17 COMMISSIONER ROSS: Sure. So 18 with respect to having a formal review 19 like you're alluding to in the first part 20 of your question, I can't say that we've 21 had that built into it, but in working 22 with Temple University, we're going to 23 have a review of the internal mechanisms, 24 how the officers felt about different 25 things, the implementation as a whole, STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 66 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 what they thought about it, what some of 3 the issues were inherent in the process. 4 We don't as of yet have what 5 you're talking about in terms of a formal 6 process six months from now or a year 7 from now built into that to report out to 8 the public, because that's part of your 9 question. So I guess that's something we 10 could look at, but we don't have that 11 formalized as of yet. 12 the policy, once you don't do certain 13 things, then Professional 14 Responsibilities will look at these 15 videos and determine whether you followed 16 policy like with everything else we have. 17 So that part is obviously inherent in the 18 policy, but the first part of what you 19 asked, that would not be the case yet. 20 COUNCILWOMAN GYM: 21 understand that and, again, I want to 22 commend the Department for embarking on 23 this. 24 It's very technological. 25 personal. But, I mean, we in And I This is obviously a broad area. It's also very It's hard to have interactions STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 67 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 being taped and audio taped and everybody 3 kind of having their stuff out there. 4 guess for me personally, though, I do 5 feel that it helps enormously to put out 6 this information, actually to institute 7 some kind of review, not at the point at 8 which there is a tragedy or something 9 that makes it onto the front page of the I 10 papers, but in fact is some kind of a 11 feedback loop that allows us as the 12 public, including and especially in my 13 viewpoint from the officers who have to 14 wear them. 15 interested in how this impacts officers' 16 ability to feel like they can fully do 17 their jobs and whether it empowers them. 18 And so to some extent, I don't I am very curious and 19 want the feedback loop or I don't want 20 the review of the body cameras to only 21 come at the point of an issue that brings 22 enormous amounts of attention and 23 community tension between the public and 24 the police, but in fact if there are ways 25 in which we can offer some level of STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 68 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 review, some usage factors, whether 3 they're using them properly, how many are 4 not, how we're moving towards 5 accountability and some feedback from the 6 officers themselves, I think it will 7 create actually a much better way for us 8 to understand the limitations of this 9 technology as well as its potential for 10 really seeing some significant change. 11 But happy to talk to you more about that. 12 COMMISSIONER ROSS: Right. And 13 to be honest with you, that's one of the 14 reasons we're trying to figure out the 15 best mechanism to be inclusive with the 16 community. 17 example, we'll just hold a community 18 meeting. 19 that come out, but a lot a times it's the 20 same folks that come out and we know it. 21 And so you're not necessarily capturing a 22 good cross section of people that may be 23 impacted by those who are on the video 24 camera. 25 there's no incident to speak of, where We could just say, for But we love our community folks This is another reason why if STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 69 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 there's an arrest or any controversial 3 incident, a lot of that information will 4 be removed after 30 days or so, because 5 we don't want your image out there 6 unfairly. 7 But you're right, in terms of 8 the feedback -- I guess we look at it 9 more in terms of feedback in terms of 10 review at this point in time, but, I 11 mean, all that stuff can be taken into 12 consideration. 13 COUNCILWOMAN GYM: And all of 14 it is meant to be more on the 15 accountability framework. 16 not being -- you don't necessarily have 17 to be specific and accountable to each 18 individual incident directly to us, 19 individual officer with an individual -- 20 you know, of the public. 21 be this general kind of thing that helps 22 officers and the public better understand 23 how we're approximating towards the goals 24 that we have. 25 So just -- and It could just COMMISSIONER ROSS: Sure. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 70 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 COUNCILWOMAN GYM: Thank you. 3 COUNCILMAN JONES: Thank you, 4 Councilwoman. 5 6 For the record, Councilwoman Gym is here and Councilwoman Blackwell. 7 8 9 10 11 The Chair recognizes Councilman Johnson. COUNCILMAN JOHNSON: Thank you, Mr. Chair. Just another question, 12 Commissioner. What police personnel 13 would be responsible for reviewing the 14 content of the video footage and when, 15 specifically to look at to write up 16 incident reports, to look at exemplary 17 conduct, to look at how to make the 18 police force better based upon the actual 19 actions of officers that you're 20 reviewing? 21 COMMISSIONER ROSS: So one of 22 the main groups would be Professional 23 Responsibilities, where they pull -- 24 that's Internal Affairs. 25 would pull that and decide whether or not And so they STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 71 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 an officer's actions that were on that 3 tape were within policy. 4 things that we're, again, looking to 5 build upon. 6 And these are It's also another one of those 7 hidden costs, because as you move out 8 citywide, Internal Affairs will probably 9 need more people, because they need more 10 people to review it. 11 the things, again, that have to be taken 12 into consideration as you talk about 13 potentially putting cameras on 4,000 14 police officers. 15 that's the number that probably captures 16 those on the street. 17 cameras. 18 the 22nd District where I mentioned four 19 behind the scene, and that's just the 20 police officer in-house. 21 And so these are I say 4,000 because That's a lot of And so if you extrapolate from COUNCILMAN JOHNSON: I just 22 want to go back to one part, though. 23 We're clear on the budget process. 24 understand clearly that if this program 25 will go to scale across the City of So we STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 72 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Philadelphia, rather it has one district, 3 two district, three, four, five, that 4 there's a budget requirement that has to 5 go along with it in terms of 6 infrastructure and manpower and 7 equipment. 8 I'm just really discussing more so the 9 process, right, and operations more than So we're clear on that part. 10 anything else. 11 commitment I think when he was running, 12 saying this is one of the things that he 13 wanted to advocate for. 14 that right there for him and the 15 Administration to figure out their level 16 of commitment to move this process 17 forward beyond the 22nd District, but I 18 wanted to focus on policy -- I mean 19 process and operations. 20 And the Mayor did make a So I'll leave So that's interesting that you 21 talk about Internal Affairs. Now, I'm a 22 criminal justice major, studied it in 23 school. 24 think the review of something that took 25 place that can be looked at or frowned When I think Internal Affairs, I STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 73 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 upon, right? 3 Internal Affairs department -- there are 4 police officers, but they're like the 5 police of the police. 6 non-Internal Affairs side to just look at 7 this from the perspective of quality 8 control? Let me put it that way, quality 9 control. So reviewing the footage. Is there anybody in the What about on the Hey, 10 this officer in the 17th Police District, 11 last name Bethel, did an outstanding job. 12 I just saw it on the video camera 13 footage. 14 to implement across the board. 15 This is something we might want Who would do it on that side? 16 Not so much Internal Affairs, but is 17 there anyone on the other side that -- 18 COMMISSIONER ROSS: 19 wasn't suggesting it was only Internal 20 Affairs. 21 thought you wanted to know who would be 22 the ultimate should something happen. 23 24 25 No. I I went to the point where I COUNCILMAN JOHNSON: So ultimate -- on both side. COMMISSIONER ROSS: Right. So STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 74 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 there's a process -- and I don't profess 3 to know it off the top of my head, but in 4 the policy where supervisors and other 5 folks within the chain could review it. 6 So all that is encompassed in the 7 directive and in the policy that we have. 8 Because, again, it's incumbent upon us to 9 get it right. And we continue to look at 10 other places to see what they're doing, 11 what they're doing right, what they have 12 come up short on. 13 we're as deliberate as possible to make 14 sure we cover as many bases as possible, 15 and this is why we've taken as much time 16 as we have. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 We want to make sure COUNCILMAN JOHNSON: Thank you, Commissioner. COUNCILMAN JONES: Thank you, Councilman. So we're ahead of New York? New York is just starting out? COMMISSIONER ROSS: I'm not sure if we're ahead of New York. COUNCILMAN JONES: That's what STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 75 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 I -- 3 COMMISSIONER ROSS: 4 York apparently had a problem with the 5 vendor, I think. 6 I know New Mike, you could probably -- you 7 don't have to elaborate, but you can at 8 least confirm or deny that. 9 MR. VIDRO: They had a vendor 10 who they didn't want to win win it or 11 couldn't actually perform under the RFP 12 requirements. 13 it back out to RFP. 14 15 So they were trying to put COUNCILMAN JONES: Okay. right. 16 Councilman Taubenberger. 17 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 18 19 All Mr. Chairman, thank you. Commissioner Ross, earlier you 20 had said or alluded -- not alluded to, 21 but I think referenced a policy that you 22 had for the pilot; is that correct? 23 COMMISSIONER ROSS: 24 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 25 Correct. And who wrote that policy? STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 76 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 COMMISSIONER ROSS: 3 mean, that would be like any policy we 4 have. 5 together. 6 7 8 9 10 11 Well, I It's a group thing where we get COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: I'm not looking for specific names. COMMISSIONER ROSS: Multiple people in the Department. COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: But the Department wrote the policy? 12 COMMISSIONER ROSS: Right. 13 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: Is it 14 possible that we could be provided as 15 Committee members a copy of that policy? 16 COMMISSIONER ROSS: 17 because our policies are online anyway. 18 So that's no problem. 19 the caveat would be that we still 20 consider this a pilot policy because it's 21 a pilot program. 22 Absolutely, The only thing -- COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: I 23 understand. I'm asking just so we can 24 familiarize ourselves with it, because I 25 think ultimately if some decisions have STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 77 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 to be made -- and I think the idea of you 3 coming before us even having a pilot 4 program is a wonderful thing, great 5 thing, great opportunity for us all to 6 learn. 7 I also do have a question, if I 8 could, for the Sergeant. When you showed 9 the camera and then you took it to your 10 computer as if you were in the police 11 car. 12 SERGEANT BOWEN: Yes, sir. 13 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: And 14 then you could see it or would load it 15 into your computer, you had also said -- 16 is there some additional paperwork 17 involved in that, that you have to kind 18 of file this? 19 20 SERGEANT BOWEN: File the loading of the video? 21 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: Well, 22 let's say there's an incident that you 23 know that you're going to have to 24 reference to. 25 way? Do you tag that in some STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 78 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 SERGEANT BOWEN: All right. So 3 that's great. I did try to 4 demonstrate -- there was -- the 5 officer -- working with OIT and the 6 Department, like I said, technology is 7 really catching up, and I'm happy to say 8 that the MDTs actually allow the officers 9 to self-tag their videos while in the 10 patrol car. And I demonstrated I believe 11 the missing person, 1800 Tioga. 12 was it. 13 nothing else more that I had to do, 14 except attach the DC number, which is our 15 district control number from our police 16 radio when we have that available, and 17 then at the end of the night, we just 18 drop it in the docking station right here 19 and everything that I tagged on that MDT 20 now gets transferred to the camera, which 21 in turn gets transferred up into the 22 cloud, and we mentioned it was called 23 evidence.com is the platform that we use. 24 That dashboard, sir, is the exact 25 dashboard that the officers are actually That was done. And that There was STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 79 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 looking at on their MDT, or their mobile 3 data terminal computer in their police 4 cars. 5 There is also another device, 6 if it were to come up. What about our 7 officers on bicycles or our officers on 8 foot patrol; would they have the same 9 ability or do they have to come in with 10 their -- the 22nd District, if it was its 11 own police department, would be one of 12 the top ten largest police departments in 13 the state, possibly in the top five. 14 just to have the entire 22nd is really 15 like having one of the most, you know, 16 cameras deployed in the state. 17 So So what about our officers on 18 the street? They actually have a blue 19 tooth-enabled phone that will allow the 20 officers to have that dashboard. 21 little similar, but it's more of like an 22 app, with the drown-down box with all the 23 categories, the categories being an 24 arrest, a vehicle investigation, a 25 pedestrian investigation. It's a And as we had STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 80 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 discussed throughout this course today, 3 that's what determines your retention 4 times, which is also outlined in the 5 policy. 6 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: And 7 they will have enough time -- you think 8 it's minimal amount of time to click on 9 there and do all -- 10 SERGEANT BOWEN: Right. I 11 understand that like some agencies -- our 12 agency is doing the same with trying to 13 go towards a paperless police department, 14 as some other agencies have done, as we 15 have done with some of our forms, like 16 our 7548-A. 17 ability to do that electronically on 18 their computer in the police car. 19 doing so, they don't have to always come 20 back into headquarters, because, you 21 know, you hold yourself out, you go to 22 headquarters, you hold yourself out to go 23 to the detectives. 24 right on their computer. 25 that's such a great tool to have that The officers have the By They're doing it And, I mean, STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 81 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 ability. 3 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: And 4 they would also then have the ability to 5 or not to review it? 6 minute, I'd really like to get my head 7 around what just happened here. 8 just push a button and watch the whole 9 thing again once everything is done? 10 SERGEANT BOWEN: Let's say, wait a Can I Right. No. 11 That's great. 12 back to the policy, but I was -- if I was 13 going to bring up one of the highlights 14 from the policy, it does give the 15 opportunity for the officer to view the 16 video, and in fact it says they shall 17 review their video prior to. 18 19 And I hate to keep going COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: Really? 20 SERGEANT BOWEN: Yes. 21 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: So 22 they have that ability, and I think that 23 that -- for accuracy. 24 talking earlier about who else is doing 25 the review. And you were Supervisors would review STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 82 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 those videos as well, and they can also 3 review those videos from any computer in 4 the Department in the City. 5 COUNCILMAN JONES: So what I'd 6 like to do is freeze frame for a minute, 7 hold that question. 8 District Attorney's testimony in, and 9 then we'll proceed again with questions, 10 I want to get the if that's okay. 11 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 12 Mr. Chairman, I'm finished with my 13 questions. 14 15 COUNCILMAN JONES: DISTRICT ATTORNEY WILLIAMS: Good afternoon, Mr. Chair. 18 19 All right. Thank you. 16 17 And, COUNCILMAN JONES: Mr. District Attorney. 20 DISTRICT ATTORNEY WILLIAMS: 21 Thank you, Councilwoman Blackwell, 22 Councilwoman Gym, Councilman Greenlee, 23 and Councilman Taubenberger. 24 pleasure to be here. 25 here. It's a It's an honor to be STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 83 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 For purposes of the record, I 3 have forwarded a copy of my testimony to 4 the Clerk's office and to your staff. 5 For purposes of my testimony today, I'd 6 ask your leave of my written testimony so 7 that I can elaborate in some parts and 8 condense others. 9 10 11 12 13 Is that fair? COUNCILMAN JONES: That is fair. DISTRICT ATTORNEY WILLIAMS: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. And, again, good afternoon. 14 It's a pleasure to appear before you 15 today and speak about an extremely 16 important issue, body-worn cameras for 17 police officers. 18 I have the honor of being 19 joined today by several members of my 20 office, Deputy District Attorney Jodi 21 Lobel, who is a Deputy District Attorney 22 for Training, Special Projects, and 23 Technology, and she has really worked the 24 most in our office with the Police 25 Department regarding this issue. I'm STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 84 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 also joined by Mr. Greg Rowe, who is the 3 Chief of my Legislation Unit. 4 worked extensively with the members of 5 the Pennsylvania District Attorney's 6 Office and the Legislature in Harrisburg 7 as it relates to the laws that we may 8 answer questions about at some point 9 today with you. He has Also Ms. Erin Boyle, who 10 is the Chief of our Central Division. 11 She is to my left. 12 her Assistant Chief. 13 Assistant District Attorneys in our 14 Central Bureau, the 22nd, the 6th, and 15 the 9th Districts, of course the 22nd 16 where this pilot program took place. 17 And Ms. Stacy Hughes, They supervise the And, again, I want to state for 18 the record it's an honor to follow 19 Commissioner Ross. 20 working relationship, both personally and 21 professionally in our offices. 22 for purposes of our discussion today, 23 it's important to note that I followed 24 him in Central High School. 25 him to Penn State. We have a tremendous I think I followed I followed him to law STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 85 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 enforcement here in Philadelphia. 3 But for purposes of our 4 discussion, I think it's important to 5 think about the TV show Law and Order, 6 right? 7 police, and everybody understands that. 8 Everybody interacts with the police. 9 second half hour of that TV show is what So the first half hour is the The 10 happens in court with the Assistant 11 District Attorneys who are assigned to 12 prosecute those cases, right? 13 And so I think for purposes of 14 today, it's very important, most 15 important, of course to understand the 16 policies and the protocol of the police 17 officers themselves and the departmental 18 policies and protocols for body-worn 19 cameras. 20 also for you and the Administration to 21 understand what happens after videotape 22 evidence is secured, uploaded into the 23 cloud when we believe possibly a crime 24 occurred, and then what happens with that 25 information throughout the criminal But I think it's very important STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 86 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 justice process. 3 So, again, body-worn cameras 4 are emerging as a crucial tool for 5 investigation, case evaluation, 6 prosecution, and accountability in our 7 city. 8 body-worn cameras are probative and 9 useful in our understanding of what takes The words and images from 10 place during an officer's day. Simply 11 put, body cameras offer a unique 12 perspective in allowing us to process and 13 investigate what has happened at a 14 certain time and place. 15 Certainly we have seen many 16 recorded confrontations via body-worn 17 camera video. 18 precipitated the event and what occurred 19 after. 20 offenders accountable. 21 favorable police activity and add 22 credibility to their difficult jobs. 23 fact, body-worn cameras have been shown 24 to reduce instances of police misconduct. 25 Video may also portray law enforcement in Often we can see what Video evidence is helpful to hold It can show In STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 87 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 less favorable light. 3 Whatever the case may be, 4 body-worn camera evidence helps us to 5 understand what happened and to get to 6 the truth. 7 officers as we can with body-worn cameras 8 is important both to ensure public safety 9 and enhance public trust. Therefore, equipping as many And, again, as 10 the Commissioner stated, our goal is just 11 to get it right. 12 the criminal justice system often hinders 13 or in the balance, it depends on the 14 public's trust, and the body-worn cameras 15 will help us ensure that trust. 16 And the legitimacy of I would like to explain some of 17 the particulars about body-worn cameras 18 as well as highlight some of the direct 19 and indirect associated costs. 20 As I'm sure you're aware, 21 digital evidence has become increasingly 22 prominent in our investigations, charging 23 decisions, and prosecutions. 24 everyone has a camera at the ready in his 25 or her smart phone. Almost Many Philadelphians STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 88 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 have high resolution security cameras in 3 and around their homes and businesses. 4 With the addition of body-worn camera 5 evidence, our staff has far more 6 responsibility to intake, process, 7 review, distribute, access, utilize, 8 preserve, and store video evidence. 9 of these steps requires time by our staff 10 and expectation that we will keep up with 11 technology. 12 predominantly on paper discovery both 13 during our investigatory stages and in 14 court, we now rely on the influx of 15 digital discovery. Each Where we used to depend 16 As a general overview, videos 17 are relevant to the District Attorney's 18 Office if they potentially relate to a 19 criminal case. 20 Attorneys in the Charging Unit have 21 access to these videos, as demonstrated 22 by the Sergeant, and they must review 23 them before determining whether or not 24 criminal charges will be attached and 25 what those charges should be. Assistant District Because, STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 89 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 most importantly, as you know, in every 3 community meeting, Philadelphians want us 4 to charge just the right people and only 5 with the right charges. 6 charging Assistant District Attorneys are 7 faced with an increased workload, having 8 to identify and review videos in the 9 majority of cases now. 10 As a result, the Videos will be available in 11 realtime. 12 be a time lag in accessing the videos, 13 because officers will upload their 14 body-worn camera results at the end of 15 every shift. 16 Operationally there will not All video collected in the 17 field is stored securely in the cloud, 18 and they have an indefinite retention 19 period on a secure website. 20 The police piloted the 21 body-worn cameras, we've heard, in the 22 busy 22nd Police District. 23 the Chief and Assistant Chief of my 24 Central Bureau have been granted access 25 to view the videos on the secure website. As a result, STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 90 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Reviewing body-worn camera 3 videos does not end after the charging 4 decision. 5 the assigned Assistant District Attorneys 6 in the Trial Division and then made 7 available to defense counsel as part of 8 discovery. 9 operational challenges to determining the 10 most effective process that we can use to 11 transfer videos internally and then 12 provide digital discovery to the defense. 13 We are proud of our e-discovery The videos must be shared with This is one of our greatest 14 system. This has marked the first step 15 toward a paperless file transfer in the 16 criminal justice system in Philadelphia. 17 However, when our e-discovery system was 18 built, it did not contemplate digital 19 discovery. 20 often very large. 21 pass through our e-discovery portal. 22 as a result, we have expended time, cost 23 to burn files onto DVDs and sometimes 24 flash drives and then manually upload 25 them into our e-discovery system. The videos we receive are Large files do not So STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 91 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 To address this pressing issue, 3 my office, with the assistance from the 4 First Judicial District, is developing a 5 portal to handle these large files, but, 6 again, this is something that was not 7 contemplated even just a few years ago. 8 We are also working to increase 9 communication and coordination between my 10 office and the Philadelphia Police 11 Department as the body-worn camera 12 program extends beyond the 22nd District. 13 Our goals are to ensure consistent 14 reporting, to develop additional 15 mandatory categories in PARS reports to 16 better catalogue and track video 17 evidence, and to hold monthly 18 coordination meetings to discuss any 19 concerns that any of the involved parties 20 may have with the program. 21 Already we are seeing the 22 benefits from the body-worn camera 23 program. 24 District Attorneys to preview an incident 25 and gain perspective of the scene and the The videos allow Assistant STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 92 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 occurrence prior to court. 3 presentations are strengthened because 4 they show the officer's vantage point and 5 corroborate testimony. 6 considerations are especially valuable 7 when the officer testifies about where a 8 firearm was located or whether drugs were 9 in plain view. 10 Our These In cases of domestic violence 11 where victims often fail to appear for 12 court or in cases where witnesses are 13 reluctant to testify, video evidence 14 provides proof of a witness's demeanor at 15 the time of the crime or during its 16 aftermath that is persuasive in the 17 witness's absence. 18 Video evidence is powerful. It 19 is one thing to hear a witness describe 20 what he or she saw, felt or did in the 21 midst of a traumatic event. 22 another thing entirely to watch a victim 23 or witness react to the same event, reel 24 from a gunshot wound or plead for help. 25 Video also assists in showing the It is STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 93 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 interaction between police and community 3 in the best and worst of situations. 4 Video evidence has increased 5 the number of guilty pleas and reduced 6 the number of trials. 7 citations to homicide cases, video 8 evidence from the body-worn camera 9 program has made an impactful difference. 10 From summary I briefly mentioned potential 11 fiscal costs that will be associated with 12 a robust body-worn camera program. 13 cameras cost money. 14 money, whether the videos are preserved 15 on servers or on the cloud. 16 be required to view the videos. 17 especially significant to the Charging 18 Unit, whose 24/7 operation and workload 19 is already cumbersome. 20 of having to retrieve, review, and 21 forward video evidence in a significant 22 number of cases will further strain our 23 personnel. 24 25 The Storage costs more Staff will This is The added burden It is expected that many cases will have multiple videos depending on STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 94 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 how many officers respond to the scene. 3 This will necessarily slow our review of 4 cases unless resources are supplemented 5 to allow us to hire additional Assistant 6 DAs so our Charging Unit remains 7 appropriately staffed. 8 Finally, there will be 9 significant costs both to my office and 10 the Police Department if the videos are 11 subject to the Right-to-Know Law, which 12 there was questions about that earlier. 13 We know from experience in other 14 jurisdictions that law enforcement can be 15 bogged down responding to open records 16 requests. 17 videos, redacting information that need 18 not or should not be turned over, and 19 dealing with possible appeals require 20 adding several more attorneys to our 21 Civil Litigation Unit. 22 also to the City Law Department. 23 no doubt the police will face similar 24 staffing issues. 25 The process of reviewing the I would assume I have We are working with other STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 95 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 District Attorneys across the state, the 3 Fraternal Order of Police, and our 4 statewide Police Chiefs to craft a bill 5 in Harrisburg that will prevent opening 6 the floodgates to unnecessary public 7 access to these records, especially in 8 circumstances when requests are made to 9 circumvent normal criminal discovery. 10 Overall, the Assistant District 11 Attorneys in my office have had a 12 positive and beneficial experience with 13 the body-worn camera program. 14 Our next steps are to continue 15 to refine our current process and expand 16 training regarding the body-worn camera 17 program to other bureaus and units beyond 18 our Central Bureau in the District 19 Attorney's Office. 20 resources, we look forward to having 21 body-worn camera evidence in all criminal 22 cases citywide. 23 With the appropriate Again, Mr. Chair, I'd like to 24 ask you to thank the President of Council 25 as well. Many thanks for the opportunity STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 96 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 to speak with you today, and I'm happy to 3 answer any questions that you may have. 4 COUNCILMAN JONES: I'm starting 5 to feel that cameras in general, whether 6 they are stationary on City light poles 7 or in front of businesses and these body 8 cameras as well as vehicle-attached 9 cameras, are almost revolutionizing 10 criminal justice as fingerprinting did 11 once upon a time. 12 become more familiar -- and I've been in 13 actual courtrooms -- and thank you, 14 Mr. District Attorney -- where victims in 15 my district had to view videos. 16 nothing -- you can talk about a homicide 17 and particularly if you are related to 18 that individual, but when you see it on a 19 camera, it is -- it'll change you. 20 these processes as we look at them, 21 they're like three tracks. 22 experimenting with hardware and software 23 trying to figure it out and trying to see 24 what's best for the City both by way of 25 the justice process but cost, and I get And as we start to There's So You're STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 97 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 that. 3 The second part that we're 4 evolving on is police interaction with 5 citizens. 6 by the way, you're being recorded? 7 do you say that? 8 catch up with the technology on that. 9 So how -- when do you say, oh, Where And we're trying to And then, finally, there's 10 going to be a lot of lawyers that make a 11 lot of money off of this because of that 12 kind of newness, and we'll get some right 13 and we'll get some wrong, but I do think 14 it is forever changed. 15 So my question to you, 16 Mr. District Attorney, is in that beta 17 process, beta testing process in the 18 22nd, have we had any cases bubble up to 19 prosecution or be used as a part of 20 evidence in a court proceeding? 21 DISTRICT ATTORNEY WILLIAMS: 22 Yes. 23 the video evidence as -- 24 25 So in many of the cases, we've had COUNCILMAN JONES: From the body camera? STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 98 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 DISTRICT ATTORNEY WILLIAMS: 3 Yes, from the body cameras where the 4 Assistant District Attorneys in the 5 Charging Unit have reviewed them and now 6 a majority of those cases they're 7 reviewing video. 8 point, it goes on and we have to make 9 copies, of course, to provide to defense And then from that 10 counsel so that they can view it. 11 might be that only a part of -- there 12 might be one video that is relevant to 13 the actual crime, but there might be a 14 business that has a camera. 15 be all types of other digital evidence, 16 and we have to supply all of that to 17 defense counsel to find anything that 18 might be inculpatory or exculpatory in 19 all of those videos. 20 And it There might And so it's a lot that was not 21 thought about, of course. We didn't 22 think about all of these different 23 issues, but there are expenses, of 24 course, that are associated with all of 25 those. Again, we're very thankful the STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 99 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 people at Taser provided -- I went to -- 3 I was in Phoenix, as was Ms. Lobel, when 4 we were there with the Association of 5 Prosecuting Attorneys where Taser has its 6 facility. 7 the more expensive aspect of body-worn 8 cameras is the gathering of the -- the 9 cloud, the storage, the retention of the 10 videos, and the replication of videos and 11 reviewing the videos and redacting what's 12 appropriate and all the other issues that 13 we've talked about, such as citizens 14 filing a Right-to-Know and then us having 15 to review that and then going before 16 court for a court to determine whether or 17 not they have the right to review it or 18 not, if that's a circumvention of 19 discovery rules. 20 of issues that we have to work through as 21 we continue forward but, again, the 22 bottom line, we believe that it 23 definitely will help the legitimacy of 24 the system and the accountability for 25 both offenders, the accused, and police. The hardware has a cost, but So there are a myriad STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 100 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 COUNCILMAN JONES: 3 recognize Councilwoman, so in the beta 4 test in the 22nd, what were the 5 reactions? 6 police complaints go down? 7 net impact in what you discovered from 8 it? 9 Before I Did crime go down? Did What was the COMMISSIONER ROSS: Well, I 10 mean, I can't necessarily speak to crime 11 going down, but complaints did go down, 12 without question. 13 there's a definite correlation to that. 14 And so we believe I just want to qualify one 15 thing, because I guess what we do for a 16 living, you tend to go to worst-case 17 scenario in your mind first. 18 talking about the permission, I was, as 19 the DA was, talking about when you're in 20 someone's home, just so -- because 21 clearly you would know in a foot pursuit 22 and those other encounters, you wouldn't 23 stop to do that. 24 25 When I was But the complaints did go down, and so we reasonably believe that it had STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 101 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 something to do with that. 3 the conversations with the police 4 officers, we believe that, as I mentioned 5 before, some of the temperatures go down 6 from time to time for everybody involved. 7 So we're optimistic that that may play a 8 role in that but, again, I mean, I don't 9 know that that's an empirical thing as 10 much as it is anecdotal and that's just 11 kind of what we believe, but that's where 12 we are right now. In some of 13 COUNCILMAN JONES: So that's 14 good news, that people tend to be on 15 their better behavior, their better 16 version of them self, both someone 17 accused, because that may come back to be 18 evidence, and if you are an officer, you 19 want to conduct yourself in a 20 professional manner. 21 preliminary news. 22 day -- one more question and then I'm 23 going to pass off -- if I'm looking at a 24 tape and I'm a defense attorney or I'm a 25 District Attorney and we're looking at So that's good At the end of the STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 102 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 what that tape shows, do we get to 3 decisions quicker in the sense of, All 4 right, he got you, you're right here, it 5 shows this, you need to plea this, that 6 or the other? 7 or less of those or is it a factor? 8 9 Do you get more of those DISTRICT ATTORNEY WILLIAMS: Yes, Councilman. I think in part of my 10 testimony I hoped I had conveyed to you 11 that rate of pleas in those cases in 12 which there is video evidence has 13 increased. 14 COUNCILMAN JONES: Got it. 15 Councilwoman. 16 DISTRICT ATTORNEY WILLIAMS: 17 And also to what the Commissioner just 18 testified to, I think we have heard also 19 in our office anecdotally from the Law 20 Department that claims of misconduct have 21 decreased in the situations which people 22 are wearing body cameras. 23 people originally thought it would be the 24 opposite, but the truth from what we are 25 being told is that the body-worn cameras So I think STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 103 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 have reduced the number of complaints 3 filed against police for excessive use of 4 force, other types of misconduct. 5 6 7 8 9 COUNCILMAN JONES: Councilwoman. COUNCILWOMAN GYM: Thank you very much, Mr. Chair. And thank you very much, 10 District Attorney Williams, for your 11 testimony. 12 is that I know that a number of -- we're 13 not the first city to be doing this work, 14 and a number of other cities; for 15 example, like Washington, DC and Las 16 Vegas, have seemed to figure out some 17 ways of making their stored data more 18 accessible than what we seem to be able 19 to initially propose here in 20 Philadelphia, and I'm wondering how 21 you're looking at what those cities are 22 doing in order to see what we -- whether 23 there's room for improvement here for 24 accessibility. 25 One of the questions I have MR. VIDRO: Specifically Las STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 104 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Vegas -- I'm not sure what you mean 3 exactly by "accessibility." 4 COUNCILWOMAN GYM: The public 5 viewing of -- I know that storage is an 6 issue, but also public viewing of it, 7 that it seems like upcoming testimony 8 will indicate that both Washington, DC 9 and Las Vegas have figured out ways for 10 accessibility and for storage to be 11 manageable in ways that allow the public 12 to have greater access to video should it 13 be requested. 14 MR. VIDRO: I don't think it's 15 a question of whether -- accessibility. 16 I mean, we have the ability and we 17 figured out how to get it into either 18 premise-controlled storage or a cloud 19 storage environment pretty easily. 20 you're talking about dissemination of 21 that video to the public, Right-to-Know 22 type requests, things like that -- 23 COUNCILWOMAN GYM: 24 MR. VIDRO: 25 talking about? If Correct. Is that what you're That's based on policy. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 105 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 That's based on state laws and policy. 3 There's nothing technical to stop us from 4 making that available. 5 Now, as far as -- 6 COUNCILWOMAN GYM: 7 pull the mic closer to you. 8 MR. VIDRO: Could you So, for instance, 9 if you have -- I know one thing, we can't 10 just like take this video and disseminate 11 that. 12 the video that are part of the case, 13 things like that. 14 certain pieces of software that we will 15 receive as well that will allow us to 16 redact that more quickly. 17 There's obviously other people in So I believe there's But when you're talking about 18 the numbers of videos that are there, as 19 far as I know, Washington, DC does not 20 have a full deployment. 21 believe, just recently produced an RFP 22 that will fully deploy them. 23 sure about what their numbers are, but 24 I'm pretty sure that they're very close 25 to what our numbers are in our pilot. Las Vegas, I I'm not STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 106 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 COUNCILWOMAN GYM: I think you 3 are pretty much alluding, though, to what 4 I -- which is a bigger question that I'm 5 trying to understand a little bit, which 6 is sort of this best practices area. 7 there have been a number of cities that 8 have been doing this work for a little 9 bit of time and they have as a result So 10 learned some things from it. 11 of the questions that I have is whether 12 there's been dialogue both with those 13 departments but also with being able to 14 do it in a more public and inclusive 15 analysis of what some of these best 16 practices are that some people in the 17 community and public are hungry for. 18 MR. VIDRO: And so one And I have some 19 pretty -- I've spoken frequently with Las 20 Vegas. 21 entire bureau with, I believe, if I'm not 22 mistaken, somewhere around 60 to 70 23 officers and civilians who handle all of 24 their evidence management and their 25 body-worn cameras, interview rooms, I know the Las Vegas created an STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 107 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 systems that are fed by this evidence 3 management system. 4 5 COUNCILWOMAN GYM: Is it like an advisory panel, or what is it? 6 MR. VIDRO: No. I'm not 7 sure -- again, I can't speak to the laws 8 in Las Vegas, but I know in speaking on a 9 technical level. They've added a lot of 10 personnel to that. 11 unit, and now there's actually a deputy 12 commissioner who falls under -- that all 13 those people fall under, and there's a 14 couple different units. 15 combining our Digital Evidence 16 Management, Radio, Mobile Communications 17 all into one unit and fallen under a 18 deputy. 19 Originally it was a It would be like And as far as the redaction 20 goes, again, I can't really speak to the 21 laws in Las Vegas. 22 theirs are the same as ours, but that 23 unit is responsible for that piece. 24 25 I don't know whether COMMISSIONER ROSS: So, Councilwoman, regarding the managerial, I STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 108 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 guess, collaboration or discussions and 3 best practices, we do that quite 4 frequently. 5 and Police Executive Research forum, we 6 have those discussions about what 7 everybody is doing. 8 that I don't believe anyone feels that 9 they have this down, and I think they all In fact, Major City Chiefs I will submit to you 10 will tell you that. There are people who 11 may appear further along. 12 And with regard to facilitating 13 the dissemination of that information via 14 Right-to-Know, I mean, I don't know what 15 Vegas and DC is doing with regard to 16 that. 17 ask, but I do know that every request 18 would require additional manpower. 19 Again, that's not to say that's a means 20 not to do it or a reason not to do it. 21 It's just a practical consideration that 22 needs to be made. 23 That's something I would have to COUNCILWOMAN GYM: So I did 24 want to make a little bit of an appeal, 25 and I appreciate District Attorney STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 109 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Williams talking a lot about the spirit 3 of these body cameras. 4 respect the law and order aspect of them, 5 I'm actually more interested in them 6 because of the nature in which they help 7 bridge the desperately needed improvement 8 of public trust between our Police 9 Department and our broader community and And while I 10 our public. As I said before, the last 11 thing I really want is for the body 12 cameras issue to come up when there is a 13 major incident that happens, something 14 that puts people and potentially the 15 Police Department at odds with whatever 16 public perception may be, and my hope 17 would be in fact that the implementation 18 and the unrolling and the broadening of 19 these cameras can be an inclusive process 20 that involves our community members in 21 the creation of a much bigger kind of 22 responsible public trust-building. 23 know that you have a communications 24 department and I know you have different 25 liaisons for different areas, but one of And I STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 110 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 the inquiries I have is whether the 3 Police Department would be open to a 4 broader advisory committee that involves 5 some feedback and some engagement with 6 the broader community that is here. 7 know you may say that a number of folks 8 have been at the table for a while, and I 9 don't necessarily think that that's I 10 disparaging. In fact, I think it's 11 actually a sign that people are committed 12 to an issue over time. 13 would -- my hope would be that because 14 people can see and be committed to an 15 issue over time, they're not going to 16 overreact or be hostile to the Police 17 Department on that level, but if there is 18 any kind of roundtable, any kind of 19 advisory committee, any kind of 20 collaboration that involves this building 21 of trust between the Police Department 22 and broader community members, I think it 23 would go a long way towards ensuring that 24 these procedures are never going to be 25 perfect as much as we may think through I think that it STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 111 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 them. 3 The practices and the best 4 practices are continually evolving over 5 time as the technology changes, as the 6 public changes, as police behaviors 7 change -- as our officers' behaviors 8 change rather. 9 honest, I think the thing that we are And so -- but to be 10 doing here is really, what's most 11 profound about it, is the possibility of 12 doing something that truly bridges a 13 community -- what some people in the 14 community feel to be a gap between their 15 ability to communicate with the Police 16 Department beyond the tragedies, beyond 17 the front-page news, beyond the things 18 that make it difficult and start off on 19 something that is a real project. 20 And so one of my questions is 21 whether there is any opportunity for the 22 Police Department to see a community 23 liaison, to create some kind of advisory 24 review committee that the Police 25 Department could work with and perhaps in STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 112 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 collaboration with both the Defenders 3 Association or -- I don't know who else 4 needs to be at the table, the District 5 Attorney's Office, that will allow this 6 to be beyond City Council hearings, 7 newspapers, and internal police 8 procedures, but actually becomes this 9 community-based thing that I think this 10 program already has the potential to be. 11 COMMISSIONER ROSS: Sure. So 12 one of the things -- and I said it at the 13 outset that in the form of potentially 14 surveys but some other means where we 15 could get the most vital and productive 16 feedback possible from a larger cross 17 section of folks. 18 Look, we go to hundreds of 19 community meetings, and I love the folks 20 there, because they are all in it for us 21 and they are there all the time, even 22 folks who may take issue with us. 23 also have a group that we never touch, 24 and that's young people, typically in 25 their 20's, 30's. But we They're doing great STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 113 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 things, but we need to figure out a way 3 to get them. 4 going to be a part of that advisory 5 group. 6 happen, and this is why I'm looking at 7 surveys primarily, and not the only 8 reason, is because I don't want it to be 9 stalled either while we're trying to So even finding out who is And one thing I don't want to 10 figure out what's the absolute best way 11 to do it, because you can have that 12 paralysis through analysis and how you 13 don't know what it is and everybody can 14 tell you, no, it should be this person, 15 this group, it should be that group. 16 not opposed to anyone in particular, as 17 long as it's productive and we're really 18 genuinely trying to move it forward and 19 that we don't get stalled trying to do it 20 and that it can be representative of as 21 many people in the City as possible. 22 I'm talking about cross sections, of 23 course, not numbers of folks, and 24 figuring out how to do that. 25 going to submit to you that we figured I'm And I'm not STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 114 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 that out, because we haven't, but we're 3 open to the possibility. 4 COUNCILWOMAN GYM: Okay. And I 5 think I appreciate that, because that's 6 what I'm most interested in. 7 understand surveys and all those things. 8 I commend you on all of those. 9 think -- and the community meetings, I And I I 10 know you do them all the time. 11 who are in charge of each district are 12 just great at doing a lot of those. 13 There's a slight difference between those 14 general meetings and then the ability to 15 zero in on the use of the body cameras 16 and how they are relating back to the 17 public, and that's more what I was kind 18 of inquiring about, is that an 19 opportunity for us to have a much more 20 honed process to engage the public on a 21 very specific issue that, you know, I 22 think again relates back to the public 23 trust. 24 25 The folks But in part, I appreciate your being open to the possibility, would love STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 115 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 to be able to continue to have those 3 conversations, and I'm sure that some 4 other folks will testify to it later. 5 COMMISSIONER ROSS: 6 COUNCILWOMAN GYM: 7 Thank you very much. 8 9 I'm sure. COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: Thank you, Councilwoman. 10 Just quickly, Mr. District 11 Attorney, you mentioned in some of the 12 benefits of the program an issue that a 13 lot of us are very concerned about, 14 domestic violence, and I was wondering, 15 you talk about failure to appear, but the 16 fact that there is some video evidence, 17 does that also help in maybe persuading 18 the victim and/or witness to actually 19 show up because they feel more 20 comfortable, if you will, there's more 21 evidence backing up their claim, if you 22 will? 23 DISTRICT ATTORNEY WILLIAMS: 24 Yes, Councilman. So, of course, domestic 25 violence cases often are those cases that STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 116 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 have the most layers to the onion, if you 3 will, as to the interrelationships 4 between the accused and the victim. 5 There are a lot of reasons, some of which 6 are easy for us to understand and some of 7 which are less than easy for us to 8 understand sometimes, why a victim is 9 hesitant after -- everybody will call 911 10 to get that person off their back, but 11 ultimately once they're off their back, 12 they may feel a little bit different. 13 There are a lot of different reasons why. 14 Many of them we can understand. 15 them, like I said earlier, we sometimes 16 don't. Some of 17 And so, yes, our first goal is 18 to ensure that the victim gets resources 19 that he or she may need and the 20 protection that they he or she may need. 21 We also are concerned -- we have 22 diversionary programs to ensure that the 23 accused can get treatment so as not to 24 continue that cycle. 25 But, yes, in several situations STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 117 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 that we've had, of course, having that 3 video evidence has been helpful either in 4 the absence at a preliminary hearing of 5 that witness for us to be able to go 6 forward or, as you've explained, maybe 7 showing it to the person either to make 8 sure that they got help and counseling, 9 but also maybe to ensure that they do 10 continue with the criminal justice 11 process as a witness. 12 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: 13 DISTRICT ATTORNEY WILLIAMS: 14 There's so many issues when you speak 15 about domestic violence, of course, but 16 we believe, again, that's going to be 17 very helpful. 18 19 20 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: Thank you. Okay. Okay. Thank you very much. If there's no other questions, 21 thank you all very much. Thank you for 22 all of your time you spent here, and 23 thank you for all the work you're doing. 24 And I'm sure this is a discussion that 25 will continue. Thank you. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 118 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 3 I think Ms. Williams already mentioned Mr. Mellon's name. 4 THE CLERK: Yes. He is here? Michael 5 Mellon, Defender Association, is the next 6 witness. 7 8 (Witness approached witness table.) 9 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: 10 Mr. Mellon, if we could. We're already 11 behind in schedule here, so if we can 12 move. 13 written testimony? I think you -- do we have your 14 MR. MELLON: You should. 15 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: Okay. 16 Good. If you could maybe just summarize 17 and we'll have questions, I'd appreciate 18 it. 19 MR. MELLON: Of course. 20 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: 21 identify yourself and proceed. 22 MR. MELLON: Please My name is Michael 23 Mellon. I'm an Assistant Defender with 24 the Defender Association of Philadelphia, 25 and I'd like to thank everyone here for STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 119 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 having this hearing today and inviting 3 the Defender Association to participate. 4 Chief Defender Grey could not 5 be here today. 6 she asked me to take her place and to 7 talk to you guys a little bit about our 8 view of the body camera. 9 She's out of town, but COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: Can you 10 speak right into the microphone. 11 MR. MELLON: The Defender 12 Association welcomes all of the work that 13 the local police departments have been 14 doing as far as the body-worn camera 15 programs. 16 because the SEPTA Police Department has 17 also been doing a lot of work with that. 18 I know this is -- the subject here is 19 mostly Philadelphia Police Department, 20 but I think there's a compare and 21 contrast that the Council should know 22 about in order to be fully informed about 23 how the body-worn camera program can 24 work. 25 I mentioned police departments We have gotten a lot of STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 120 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 cooperation between both the Philadelphia 3 Police Department and the SEPTA Police 4 Department as far as letting us know how 5 the programs are going, about getting 6 information from them, about being able 7 to give them feedback, especially the 8 Philadelphia Police Department as they've 9 rolled out this program. And it's been a 10 learning process, I think, for everybody 11 involved to make sure that our office 12 gets all of the video that is captured in 13 any arrest and passed for court. 14 I would just make sure that -- 15 I would just want to say that in order to 16 ensure transparency, it's important that 17 the body-worn cameras are used in a 18 manner that is transparent and 19 consistent. 20 and procedures, along with training, that 21 ensures that the body-worn cameras 22 operate from the beginning of the 23 incident until the end of the 24 investigation. 25 That means clear policies It is also important to keep STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 121 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 those policies simple as it pertains to 3 use in the field. 4 should be a tool that complements the 5 policing. The body-worn camera 6 In our experience, most of the 7 videos that we've seen from Philadelphia 8 police officers wearing body-worn cameras 9 fail to capture the initial reason for 10 the police investigation. 11 that we have viewed start after the 12 person has already been arrested, so they 13 are in custody at that point. 14 led to them getting arrested we don't 15 usually see on video for the most part. 16 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: 17 Most videos Whatever Can I interrupt you? 18 MR. MELLON: 19 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: 20 include what is now going on in the 22nd 21 or are you talking about like previous? 22 MR. MELLON: Sure. Does that I'm talking about 23 what's been going on since we were 24 notified that the whole 22nd District had 25 police body cameras. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 122 1 2 3 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: All right. Sorry. Okay. Go ahead. 4 MR. MELLON: Not a problem. 5 Now, I would note that a part 6 of this seems to be a training 7 familiarity issue. 8 SEPTA had rolled this out to their whole 9 police department before it rolled out to And I would say that 10 the whole 22nd. And as far as when a 11 police department responds to a radio 12 call, let's say they get a 911 call, 13 they're told to go to a location. 14 SEPTA Police Department has been very 15 good at having it from beginning to end 16 in those situations. 17 something that with the right training 18 and accountability, the Philadelphia 19 Police Department should be able to do, 20 but we are not seeing that yet as this 21 program has been rolled out. 22 seeing more and more videos come as the 23 program goes along, but initially as far 24 as capturing the whole incident, we have 25 not seen that. The So I think this is We are STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 123 1 2 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 I think another point to note 3 is that even with the current policies 4 for SEPTA and the Philadelphia Police 5 Department, we think it's very unlikely 6 that it's ever going to capture the 7 initial interaction with those police 8 officers as those policies are currently 9 written, because it's just a simple 10 matter of the fact that it's very hard 11 for someone -- if the officer is in a 12 car, for instance, and he happens to see 13 the person made a right turn on red and 14 there was a no turn, they're not going to 15 turn the camera on for that because 16 they're not expecting that kind of thing. 17 They're not going to turn that camera on 18 until after it happens. 19 Now, this is really primarily I 20 think a concern for the issues with 21 illegal stopping and frisking based on 22 racial profiling. 23 able to get those the way the current 24 policy is written. 25 We're not going to be Without knowing what led an STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 124 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 officer to make an -- to act makes it 3 harder to hold someone accountable, and 4 it's also much more difficult to 5 ascertain who is behaving badly, the 6 officer or the citizen, if we don't have 7 what happened at the very beginning. 8 9 Now, since the current policies for both SEPTA and the Police Department 10 require them to turn it on as soon as 11 they see something happen, often what led 12 them to turn it on in the first place has 13 already happened, and that's what we're 14 concerned about not being able to see. 15 And I could just -- one last 16 thing is, the other thing that we're 17 concerned about is having transparent 18 policies and procedures that guide along 19 with that. 20 happens after the fact, after someone is 21 arrested, and I know there were some 22 comments earlier. 23 thought it was -- talking about how the 24 police officers can watch the camera in 25 the police car as they do their It's important to what I think the Sergeant STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 125 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 paperwork. 3 problem I think, because you're not going 4 to be able to sort out the problem 5 officers from the good officers if they 6 get to look and make corrections to what 7 they -- why they stopped the person. 8 I can give you a real-life example of 9 that that actually just happened last To us, that's a slight And 10 week with -- not a case involving a body 11 camera, but a case involving a camera 12 that our office obtained. 13 We had a case where a person 14 was stopped for having a faulty middle 15 brake light. 16 their paperwork, the two officers. 17 these are a couple of problem officers 18 that we wanted -- we ended up getting 19 video for from a business nearby. 20 That's what they wrote in Now, Now, that video ended up 21 showing that that brake light in fact 22 worked. 23 consistent with what actually happened in 24 real life. 25 So their paperwork was not Now, if you give an opportunity STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 126 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 for an officer to look at a camera before 3 they -- a problem officer, say, to look 4 at a camera before they make their 5 paperwork, they could correct that and 6 then maybe come up with something that 7 would not necessarily have been captured 8 on the video in the first place. 9 SEPTA and the Police Department 10 recognize that in use-of-force 11 situations, that they should not have 12 access to the video beforehand. 13 written in both of their policies, 14 although SEPTA's is more comprehensive 15 because they say any use of force the 16 officer is not to look at that. 17 Philadelphia Police Department says if 18 it's a regular use of force, they can 19 look at it, but if it turns out to be 20 something involving serious bodily injury 21 or death, then they cannot look at that. 22 I think it makes sense for all arrests, 23 no matter what kind they are, especially 24 given the lawsuits that the City is 25 facing regarding stop and frisk and That's But the STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 127 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 racial profiling. 3 Now, one might say, Well, what 4 if it was an officer that's a good 5 officer. 6 officer who saw that -- wanted to go pull 7 a person over and they're running their 8 paperwork and they don't have access to 9 the video, right? Let's say there was a good So they write it down 10 and they thought it was the right 11 taillight wasn't working, but then they 12 write it up and they said it was the left 13 taillight. 14 paperwork -- the video after they wrote 15 the paperwork. 16 biggest deal as far as that's not going 17 to lose the case. 18 situation, but it will let us weed out 19 maybe the problem officers that are 20 writing up paperwork that's false that we 21 only caught because we had outside 22 cameras that caught the incident. 23 And then they get to see Well, that's not the That's not the kind of I just want to say real quick, 24 in fact the PPD requires officers to 25 watch the video. That's what the policy STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 128 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 says. 3 video before they do the report, and it's 4 our position that this is bad policy. 5 The purpose of the police statement is 6 like any witness statement. 7 give an account of what they remember. 8 Most officers follow the law, and slight 9 inaccuracies will not cause a problem in It requires them to watch the It is to 10 a criminal case. 11 officers, allowing and encouraging 12 officers to review video before writing 13 their version of an incident can cause 14 officers to tailor their account of an 15 incident to what the video shows and 16 leave out parts of the video that may not 17 be captured. 18 However, for problem The value of accountability is 19 significantly diminished when these 20 policies are in place, and I would just 21 ask the Council, in summation, that the 22 Defender would recommend that the Council 23 work to ensure that all interactions with 24 police are recorded from the beginning to 25 the end. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 129 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 We would also ask that the 3 Council monitors the issue of failing to 4 record the beginning of interactions with 5 police officers and citizens. 6 And, lastly, we believe the 7 Council should advocate for transparent 8 body camera policies that ensure 9 accountability, including limiting 10 officer access to video before any 11 statements are made regarding the 12 incident. 13 14 15 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: Okay. Thank you. Let me just ask, from what I'm 16 gathering and from your written 17 statement, you feel that SEPTA's policy 18 is a little better right now than the 19 police have, and particularly with 20 putting the camera on earlier; is that -- 21 MR. MELLON: No. It's not that 22 their policies are better necessarily. 23 think that they've just had a little more 24 time to hold their officers accountable 25 and make sure that -- what I'm saying is, STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 I Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 130 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 SEPTA is showing that it is possible to 3 do as far as turning them on when they 4 arrive to an incident. 5 is, though, we rarely see this so far as 6 far as the program has been rolled out 7 since when we became aware of these 8 videos in November of last year. 9 since November of last year, we're seeing Our experience So 10 more videos, but we are still rarely 11 seeing the video from the beginning of 12 the incident. 13 In fact, to give you guys a 14 little bit of a background, really what 15 happens is is that all the officers, 16 according to the directive for 17 Philadelphia, they are required to turn 18 on their camera as soon as they show up 19 to an investigation. 20 already made an arrest but back-up 21 officers show up, those officers that 22 show up turn on their cameras and then 23 you get to see what happens afterwards. 24 25 So if someone had We get a lot of those videos where back-up officers show up, but STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 131 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 generally we're not seeing a lot of what 3 happens that resulted in the arrest or 4 the arrest itself or the interaction, the 5 initial interaction at all. 6 the person is in handcuffs. 7 It's after COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: Okay. 8 And I think the Commissioner said that 9 there's still ongoing discussions with a 10 lot of entities. 11 either Public Defender or defense 12 attorneys. 13 with the Police Department, your concern? 14 I think he mentioned Have you raised this issue MR. MELLON: Yes. We've been 15 talking to Commissioner Healy's office 16 about what we've been seeing, so they are 17 aware of what we're getting. 18 explanation is, it is a learning process. 19 They're trying to roll this out with all 20 these officers. 21 hopeful that it will go better, and I 22 think SEPTA has shown that it can. 23 hopefully whatever SEPTA has put in place 24 that's ensured that to happen, the 25 Philadelphia Police Department can do as And their So hopefully -- we're So STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 132 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 well. 3 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: And I 4 don't want you to speak for them, but did 5 they seem open to that kind of change or 6 that kind of -- 7 MR. MELLON: I don't think we 8 got to the discussion that far. 9 more of us informing them what we're It's 10 seeing so they're aware. 11 kind of like the front line that sees all 12 of this video that ends up coming across 13 so that we're able to tell the 14 Commissioner's office what we're actually 15 seeing in real life. 16 I think we're COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: 17 All right. I get that. 18 much, Mr. Mellon. 19 time. 20 while there. Thank you very Thank you for your Sorry you had to wait a little Thank you. 21 MR. MELLON: 22 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: 23 24 25 Okay. Thank you. Ms. Williams, who do we have next? THE CLERK: The next panel will be Harlan Yu, Mary Catherine Roper, and STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 133 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 James Coldren. 3 4 (Witnesses approached witness table.) 5 6 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: would like to go first. I think -- 7 MR. COLDREN: 8 I'm taking a train out of town. 9 10 Whoever I would, please. COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: Please. Please, you go first then. 11 MR. COLDREN: And I've got some 12 slides. 13 opportunity to advance them or -- I can 14 just go. 15 16 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: MR. COLDREN: Thank you very much. 19 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: 20 identify yourself and proceed. 21 Why don't you just go. 17 18 I don't know if I have the MR. COLDREN: Please My name is James 22 Coldren, C-O-L-D-R-E-N. I'm Managing 23 Director of Justice Programs at the CNA 24 Institute for Public Research. 25 involved in two issues around body-worn I've been STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 134 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 cameras nationally. 3 River Randomized Experiment with Cameras 4 and the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police 5 Department actually that's just finishing 6 up, and our group serves under a contract 7 with the Justice Department to provide 8 technical assistance around the 9 implementation of body-worn camera One is the Direct 10 programs nationally. 11 with over 80 or 90 police departments on 12 the implementation of cameras. 13 bring is something of a national 14 perspective and the perspective not 15 necessarily of what's happening in 16 Philadelphia, but what we've seen in 17 other places around the country. 18 So we've worked So what I So I am just going to focus on 19 three things actually. One -- and I 20 think we've heard this come up in 21 conversations today, but to think about 22 the goals for body-worn camera systems, 23 what brings us to implement them, and are 24 the goals for those systems important in 25 determining how you establish a policy STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 135 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 for implementing those programs. 3 So I want to touch on that. I 4 want to touch on some emerging policy 5 issues that we've seen around the 6 country. 7 evaluate about 70 or 80 policies right 8 now, and so we're in a good position to 9 talk about where different jurisdictions We've had the opportunity to 10 are coming down on the issues of 11 activation and deactivation and officer 12 ability to review video footage and 13 things like that. 14 And, finally, I'd like to say a 15 word or two about what we're learning 16 from research around the country. 17 I said, I've been involved in that 18 research and my group has been involved 19 in a review of research from several 20 different places. 21 something to offer that might put what's 22 happening in Philadelphia in context with 23 what's happening around the country with 24 the body-worn cameras. 25 So as And so I think we have So the first thing I want to STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 136 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 say about the goals for body-worn cameras 3 is that there tend to be two primary 4 reasons for implementing these programs. 5 One has to do, as we've heard, with the 6 desire to increase transparency and 7 increase the level of trust between the 8 police agency and the community that it 9 serves. And I think in large part in 10 many places around the country, the 11 implementation of body-worn cameras 12 happened with that goal in mind. 13 The other goal has to do with 14 evidence and efficiency and 15 effectiveness. 16 agencies implement body-worn camera 17 programs because they primarily want more 18 and better evidence to proceed with the 19 cases that they have and have better 20 evidence and have better outcomes with 21 those cases. 22 should be mindful when we build policy 23 why we're building the policy. 24 25 Some people think some So I think probably we So, for example, if we're building a policy primarily because we're STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 137 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 concerned about legitimacy and trust, 3 we'll probably write certain things into 4 that policy about the availability for 5 public review of footage if our concern 6 is building trust. 7 preserving evidence, we might write that 8 section of the policy somewhat 9 differently. 10 If our concern is So maybe we should just think 11 about building our policy so those two 12 goals are not in conflict with each other 13 but are complementary to each other, 14 which speaks to the need, as the 15 Councilwoman mentioned several times, for 16 a very broad collaborative approach to 17 building these policies. 18 want to go down one path at the expense 19 of the other. 20 important goals, and so we should be 21 mindful of them. 22 So you wouldn't They're both very I want to make a point about 23 compliance with policy. That's come up a 24 number of times today. 25 officers accountable and how do we ensure How do we hold STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 138 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 a high compliance with policy. 3 again, when we think about policy, we 4 think about the activation issues, the 5 deactivation issues, the officer review 6 issues, things like that. 7 And, One of the things we know is 8 that when policies are clear and they're 9 publicly known and they're enforced, they 10 have great effect on police officer 11 behavior. 12 don't know if I can get to it. 13 14 COUNCILMAN JONES: 17 I It's -- That's the problem with technology. 15 16 So I have a slide here. MR. COLDREN: 3. I think it's No. There you go, that slide. So this is a slide from a pilot 18 program in Phoenix, Arizona where they 19 did not rigidly enforce their policy, and 20 you can see that at the beginning of 21 their pilot program, officer compliance 22 with policy was at about 30, maybe at 23 high was 45 percent, and as time went on, 24 compliance with policy deteriorated. 25 If you go to the next slide, STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 139 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 please. I love this slide. 3 This is policy compliance at 4 the New Orleans Police Department with 5 the same issue, with the activation. 6 often do officers activate cameras when 7 they're supposed to according to policy. 8 New Orleans has maintained an excessive 9 90 percent compliance with that policy 10 ever since day one. 11 12 COUNCILMAN JONES: MR. COLDREN: 14 COUNCILMAN JONES: MR. COLDREN: exact number. 18 19 MR. COLDREN: But is it No. It's about 400 or 500 officers. COUNCILMAN JONES: So they have a rigid -- 24 25 I'm going to guess -- 100 percent of the force? 22 23 And how many I don't know the COUNCILMAN JONES: 20 21 Several years. officers are we talking about? 16 17 So in context, how long have they had it? 13 15 How MR. COLDREN: right. Very rigid, If an officer is not in STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 140 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 compliance with the activation portion of 3 the policy two times, they get docked 4 pay. 5 It's not that way in so many other 6 departments. 7 the policy is written, but it's how the 8 policy is enforced. They lose time. 9 It's automatic. So it's not just the way So I think those are just two 10 very stark examples. 11 policy compliance, you get low compliance 12 from the officers. 13 implement policy, presuming that that 14 policy is written intelligently and is 15 written collaboratively in a way that 16 everybody understands it, you have a much 17 better opportunity for compliance. 18 When you're lax on When you aggressively So I'm going to say a few words 19 about, I think, key policy issues around 20 the country. 21 of activation in about 50 or 60 different 22 policies, and generally around the 23 country the policies are very clear on 24 when officers must activate their 25 cameras. We've looked at the issue Any civilian contact, when STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 141 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 there's likelihood of a complaint, all 3 calls for service and, again, when it's 4 safe and practical to do so. 5 policies have language like that in 6 there. 7 Philadelphia policy has language like 8 that in there. Most I'm fairly certain that the 9 COUNCILMAN JONES: 10 interpret that if we have an incident 11 where there is a high level of threat, 12 they're not going to dock me because I 13 didn't hit the camera versus go for my 14 firearm? 15 MR. COLDREN: 16 COUNCILMAN JONES: 17 MR. COLDREN: So should I Yes. Okay. Yeah. Yeah. I 18 mean, that's pretty common around the 19 country. 20 officers go into where their first 21 thought is not and should not be is my 22 camera on. 23 should be is everybody safe, including 24 themselves. 25 activation will not occur immediately. There are situations that The first thought is and So there are times when STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 142 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 I've seen some officers be very 3 creative about this. When they get their 4 call, they turn their camera on and as 5 they're driving to the call, they start 6 talking to the camera, saying this is the 7 situation I'm going to, here's how I 8 think I'm going to handle it, here's what 9 I have at my disposal. So some of them 10 as they get more experience with the 11 camera, they learn to turn them on and 12 they learn to use it to their advantage, 13 to help them document what they're doing 14 and why they're doing it. 15 expect them always to think of the camera 16 first. 17 memory will grow and that they'll be more 18 likely to be in compliance, but it's -- But we can't You expect over time that muscle 19 COUNCILMAN JONES: Question, 20 and I don't mean to interrupt your 21 testimony, but are there cities where 22 there is a live feed to a back office 23 that is the third partner or third eye? 24 25 MR. COLDREN: I'm not aware of any, sir. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 143 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 COUNCILMAN JONES: 3 do that in the military? 4 that kind of -- 5 MR. COLDREN: So they only Because you see Yeah. I'm not 6 aware of that. 7 units that are well enough staffed that 8 there are people sitting back in the unit 9 who can pull that video up once it's 10 uploaded and immediately take a look. 11 if someone is shot and we know it's going 12 to be controversial, there's somebody 13 back in that office that's already 14 pulling it up, briefing the chief, you 15 know, briefing Internal Affairs. 16 it happens that quickly, but I don't know 17 of any place where people are sitting 18 watching what the officers are seeing as 19 they're doing it. 20 I know there are camera COUNCILMAN JONES: So And so I mean, I 21 would just hope that for the protection 22 of officers going into high level of 23 threat situations, that just like with 24 the military, they have the ability to 25 see in a rear office -STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 144 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 MR. COLDREN: There's -- I 3 think this technology is going to advance 4 very quickly. 5 there'll be a lot, I think, of automatic 6 activation of cameras when they open the 7 door to the car or when the siren goes on 8 or something like that. 9 and so it will go from there. In the next year or two, You'll see that, It will be 10 monitoring their pulse rate and all kinds 11 of other things. 12 So I want to talk for a second 13 about notification, about when officers 14 are required to notify that people they 15 encountered are being filmed. 16 that is driven by state and local law, 17 but we find that less than one-quarter of 18 the agencies that we've looked at mandate 19 citizen notification of body-worn 20 cameras. 21 policies to mandate that officers tell 22 civilians that they're being videotaped. So it's not common for camera 23 COUNCILMAN JONES: 24 MR. COLDREN: 25 A lot of It's not? Pennsylvania is a unique situation because of its state STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 145 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 laws, but in most of the country, it's 3 not required. 4 will say officers should be forthright. 5 When citizens and civilians ask them if 6 they're being videotaped, they should 7 tell the truth. 8 tell, but when a situation comes up and 9 if asked, they are advised to be truthful 10 Although most policies They're not compelled to and forthright about that. 11 One other thing on policy, and 12 this is a very important emerging matter, 13 which is when officers are allowed to 14 view their video footage, and I think we 15 heard a very important issue from the 16 Public Defenders Office today. 17 two very interesting schools of thought 18 on this. 19 that says it's very important to record 20 at the time when the situation occurs 21 what the officer was thinking and 22 perceiving at the time of the incident 23 and have that recorded. 24 important for understanding police work. 25 It's terribly important for training There are There's a school of thought It's terribly STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 146 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 purposes and for public education 3 purposes. 4 The other school of thought is, 5 no, we want to get the most accurate 6 description possible. 7 facts. 8 approach versus the transparency 9 approach. 10 We want to get the So, again, that's the evidence If you're 100 percent for 11 transparency, I think you would restrict 12 officers viewing their video footage, 13 especially if it's involving a critical 14 incident like a shooting or in-custody 15 death or something very serious. 16 value in collecting what the officer said 17 and thought and perceived when they went 18 into action in that situation. 19 There's Many policies restrict officers 20 from viewing that just until the time 21 that they make their statement and file 22 their report. 23 allowed to go back and review. Then after that, they're 24 COUNCILMAN JONES: So it was 25 raised, if I understood what you just STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 147 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 said, that when there is an incident, 3 there is consideration that the officer 4 should not review it until after the 5 statement, then they can review it again? 6 MR. COLDREN: In many cases, 7 that's allowed, yes. 8 issue is preserving what was going at the 9 time the situation happened. 10 think very important. 11 too. 12 very delicate one. 13 But, again, the It's just I Other people do But there's a balance here. It's a I'm going to turn my attention 14 to research for just a few minutes and 15 then I'll conclude. 16 There have been a number of 17 studies done now in the United States and 18 in Europe, mostly in the United Kingdom, 19 around body-worn cameras. 20 the things that we're learning from the 21 research -- and we heard some of that 22 today -- is that while at the outset of 23 these programs, many people thought that 24 the cameras were needed to regulate the 25 behavior of the police. I think one of What we're STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 148 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 finding is that the cameras are 3 regulating the behavior of the public as 4 much as they are regulating the behavior 5 of the police, and there's a civilizing 6 effect on both sides of this equation. 7 And I think there's an understanding that 8 every time there's an encounter between a 9 civilian and a police officer, that it's 10 actually a pretty complicated 11 psychological phenomenon, and there's a 12 lot of things going on in a very short 13 amount of time. 14 as we go along, but I'll tell you in Las 15 Vegas, 70 percent of the police officers 16 wearing cameras had complaints that were 17 filed against them resolved within a day 18 in their favor, 70 percent, which means 19 that in Las Vegas civilians who were 20 filing complaints were not being 21 truthful, because as soon as they file a 22 complaint, they're invited to come down 23 to the station and view the video, they 24 decline to come down. 25 come down and then they view the video So we're learning more In some cases they STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 149 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 and they truthfully say, Oh, my goodness, 3 I didn't realize that was what happened, 4 I thought something different happened. 5 In the heat of the moment, you get 6 distorted views. 7 happen, but in several studies that have 8 been replicated now, the videos have 9 exonerated police against complaints in And so that does 10 the majority of cases very quickly. 11 think that translates into some 12 cost-benefit savings. 13 complete answer to that yet, but if 14 there's less time spent on complaint 15 investigations, less time spent in court, 16 then there's less money being spent, et 17 cetera, et cetera. 18 We We don't have the COUNCILMAN JONES: The District 19 Attorney said when you have this evidence 20 in black and white, often whether it's a 21 defendant or a prosecutor says, we don't 22 have a case here or we do have reason to 23 proceed, but it becomes a lot quicker 24 decision. 25 MR. COLDREN: Yes. They're STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 150 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 very good for the innocent and they're 3 very bad for the guilty. 4 COUNCILMAN JONES: 5 MR. COLDREN: 6 Right. That's how it works. 7 One other thing that I wanted 8 to mention as far as the research goes. 9 Some of the work that's been done has not 10 just been general surveys of civilians 11 and citizens around their understanding 12 of body-worn cameras, but researchers 13 have contacted people who interacted with 14 police who were wearing cameras. 15 week later, the researcher will be given 16 a list of all people who were filmed on 17 camera. 18 of those people and they'll call those 19 people back and ask them about their 20 experience with the officer wearing the 21 camera. 22 they were stopped, even if they were 23 arrested, they will ask them questions 24 about how it went with the officer 25 wearing the camera and what they thought So a They will pull a random sample Even if they were cited, even if STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 151 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 about it. 3 The majority of the cases, 80 4 to 90 percent of the time, people who 5 come into contact with officers wearing 6 cameras speak favorably about them. 7 They're glad that they're there. 8 think they're a good idea. 9 that the police are more procedurally 10 11 They They think just when they're wearing cameras. So we've heard -- we hear 12 concerns about privacy. We hear concerns 13 about government intrusion with cameras. 14 When the research is done now in several 15 studies, the majority of people 16 surveyed -- and, again, this is not just 17 random samples from the public. 18 samples of people who have been in 19 interaction with the police recently. 20 and large, they speak very favorably 21 about cameras. It's By They're in favor of them. 22 I'll leave it at that. There 23 is a final slide here that lists a number 24 of resources that are available to 25 anybody on the Council or anybody in the STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 152 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 public who would like to learn about 3 body-worn cameras. 4 through the government, through the 5 Bureau of Justice Assistance. 6 body-worn camera toolkit. 7 model policies. 8 from public defenders and prosecutors 9 from around the country. It's all funded There's a There are There are statements So there's a 10 tremendous amount of resources and 11 information available. 12 13 14 15 And I'll conclude with that. Thank you very much. COUNCILMAN JONES: You have to catch a train. 16 MR. COLDREN: 17 a few questions, if you'd like. 18 19 20 21 22 I've got time for COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: I have one question. COUNCILMAN JONES: Councilman Taubenberger. COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 23 Mr. Chairman, thank you, and I do 24 apologize both to you and Mr. Coldren 25 about the question I'm going to ask, STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 153 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 because I just want to clarify what I 3 thought I heard when I walked in. 4 You had said, I believe -- 5 correct me if I'm wrong -- that you don't 6 believe it would be proper for the police 7 officer to review prior to giving a 8 statement, is that correct, on the 9 incident? 10 MR. COLDREN: Pardon? 11 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: On 12 the particular incident obviously if it 13 was one in question. 14 MR. COLDREN: I didn't express 15 that as a personal opinion. 16 a perspective that is worth looking into. 17 I think it's COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: Worth 18 looking into, not necessarily -- because 19 just on the quickness of it, I would have 20 to say sometimes it would be good to 21 review, because there may be other things 22 that have been forgotten and now come 23 forward. 24 MR. COLDREN: I agree. 25 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 154 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Because in the height of battle or the 3 height of whatever, intentions are high, 4 to look back and say, Oh, you know what, 5 I really did say it this way or this is 6 what he really did do. 7 MR. COLDREN: 8 is that jurisdictions will make 9 decisions, policy decisions, that they Yeah. My point 10 feel comfortable with given their 11 experience and their public expectations 12 of the police. 13 that whether you go one way or the other, 14 that you study it carefully and see what 15 the outcomes are, and then we learn as we 16 go. 17 What we would hope is COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: I am 18 very, very, very much with you on that. 19 And then best practices -- I thought I 20 caught that right -- you believe Las 21 Vegas has a very good policy in place? 22 MR. COLDREN: Yes. They're one 23 of the departments in the country that is 24 a first stop for almost anybody 25 implementing a camera program. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 155 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 3 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: Is there another other than Las Vegas? 4 MR. COLDREN: Well, I can think 5 of a couple, yeah. 6 pretty well, Spokane, yes. 7 Los Angeles is doing One interesting thing that I 8 would point out, because there is a very 9 stark contrast on views about public 10 release of videos. 11 the Los Angeles Police Department made a 12 very compelling presentation at the last 13 Major City Chiefs meeting about his 14 policy of hardly ever releasing any video 15 to the public, and he spoke about 16 re-traumatizing victims and not forcing 17 people -- when they're very serious 18 incidents that the public is demanding to 19 see, he holds back and he doesn't, 20 because he doesn't want to re-traumatize 21 victims. 22 So Chief Beck from The Las Vegas Police Department 23 is on the complete other side of the 24 coin. 25 immediately, within 72 hours, regardless They release almost everything STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 156 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 of the severity of the case. 3 report any public pushback on that. 4 don't report re-traumatization. 5 don't report a negative effect on the 6 prosecution of cases. 7 They don't They They It's just two different 8 departments that have taken two 9 completely different approaches on that 10 issue. 11 heavily right now. 12 them and look to that research and see 13 how it comes out. 14 15 They're both being studied very So we should look to COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: Mr. Coldren, thank you. 16 Mr. Chairman, thank you. 17 COUNCILMAN JONES: And I don't 18 want you to miss your train because 19 you'll be eating cheese steaks in the 20 snow tomorrow, but what case study has 21 been done -- my concern is, as we evolve, 22 so does the criminal element, and 23 sometimes through technology, they've 24 used that medium to intimidate witnesses. 25 So what -- if an officer goes STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 157 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 into a situation and he does a wide span 3 of faces and then somebody from the 4 neighborhood where the victimization 5 happened is seen on that video, have 6 there been cases where they've been 7 identified and then singled out for 8 retribution? 9 yet? 10 Have you heard any of that MR. COLDREN: I don't know 11 of -- I should say that even if Las Vegas 12 releases these things, they redact those 13 kinds of things before -- 14 15 COUNCILMAN JONES: Okay. Got it. 16 MR. COLDREN: 17 the cost issue, right? 18 releasing a lot of videos, you're 19 spending money on redaction. 20 I mean, that's If you're COUNCILMAN JONES: See, that's 21 important to me. I mean, cameras serve 22 as a reliable witness, but they do not 23 testify and explain circumstances and 24 feelings. 25 that -- you know, these young men and So without reliable witnesses STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 158 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 women on the other side are putting 3 people's faces and images on Snitch, 4 Facebook pages, which we have to really 5 be mindful of. 6 MR. COLDREN: 7 COUNCILMAN JONES: 8 9 Yes. Are there any other questions? (No response.) 10 COUNCILMAN JONES: 11 for your testimony so much. 12 13 14 15 All right. MR. COLDREN: Thank you. Thank you I appreciate it. Thanks. COUNCILMAN JONES: State your name and begin your testimony. 16 MR. YU: Harlan Yu. 17 Chairman Jones and members of 18 the Committee, thank you for the 19 opportunity to testify today. 20 Harlan Yu. 21 based in Washington, DC. 22 Ph.D. in computer science from Princeton 23 University and I studied technology and 24 policy issues, including how new 25 technologies affect civil rights. My name is I'm a Principal at Upturn I received my STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 159 1 2 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 I am one of the primary authors 3 of the Police Body-Worn Cameras Policy 4 Scorecard, which I will talk about today. 5 One of the main draws of 6 body-worn cameras is their potential to 7 provide transparency and accountability 8 into community police interactions and to 9 help protect civil rights, especially in 10 11 our communities of color. But accountability is not 12 automatic. 13 police more accountable or simply 14 intensify police surveillance in our 15 communities depends on how the cameras 16 and footage are used and the specific 17 policies that departments put into place. 18 Whether these cameras hold In 2015, a major coalition of 19 leading civil rights groups, including 20 the NAACP, National Council of La Raza, 21 National Urban League, and West Philly's 22 own Media Mobilizing Project, expressed 23 skepticism and warned in a set of civil 24 rights principles on body-worn cameras 25 that, and I quote, "without carefully STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 160 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 crafted safeguards in place, there is a 3 real risk that these new devices will 4 become instruments of injustice rather 5 than tools for accountability." 6 This is why my organization, 7 Upturn, partnered with the Leadership 8 Conference on Civil and Human Rights to 9 develop the Police Body-Worn Cameras 10 Policy Scorecard, which compares and 11 evaluates body-worn camera policies from 12 50 major police departments across the 13 country, including Philadelphia's 14 Directive 4.21. 15 Through my work on the 16 Scorecard and my experience working with 17 the Philadelphia community, I would like 18 to identify for the Committee five key 19 areas for policy improvement. 20 First, access to footage. The 21 current directive gives Commissioner Ross 22 full discretion to decide whether or not 23 to release footage to the public, and it 24 allows individuals to file public access 25 requests under Pennsylvania's STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 161 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Right-to-Know Act. 3 is a slow and burdensome process that may 4 very well result in no release of 5 footage. And we know that this 6 But Washington, DC and Las 7 Vegas, as previously mentioned, have 8 shown us a better way. 9 created special processes whereby Those departments 10 individuals who are recorded by cameras 11 can walk into a district station and 12 schedule a time to watch his or her own 13 incident footage with a lawyer present if 14 that person wishes. 15 Now, Philadelphia could adopt 16 this straightforward process, which I 17 think would be a meaningful transparency 18 guarantee and also carefully balance 19 privacy interests. 20 Second, officer review of 21 footage. As Mr. Mellon here previously 22 said, watching footage can skew or 23 distort people's memories. 24 an investigator and you're an eyewitness 25 to an incident, and let's say I have some Let's say I'm STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 162 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 body-worn camera footage. 3 quite strange if instead of asking you to 4 tell me independently what you saw and 5 instead I first allowed you to watch that 6 footage and then asking you to tell me 7 what I saw, that would be a pretty 8 questionable practice. 9 watching the footage could skew your 10 perception of the event or at least 11 change, whether consciously or not, what 12 you reveal to me. 13 what's happening in Philadelphia. 14 directive not only allows officers to 15 review footage before writing the written 16 reports, it actually requires them to do 17 so. 18 critical incidents like officer-involved 19 shootings where the officer may be the 20 subject of the investigation. 21 It would be Now, obviously But that's exactly The And this is even possible after I think this policy creates an 22 unfair structural advantage. Officer 23 reports will always appear more 24 consistent and more accurate than other 25 witness statements, which unfairly calls STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 163 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 into question the credibility of other 3 witnesses. 4 Now, the Oakland Police 5 Department has adopted a much more 6 even-handed approach. 7 uses of force, officers must first 8 provide an independent written statement 9 or interview before watching any footage. 10 Then in a second step, officers can watch 11 footage and document any additional 12 information that they recall, while 13 clearly demarcating what information came 14 before and after the footage review. 15 This is a much more logical and equitable 16 process. 17 For high level The Philadelphia Police 18 Department has an opportunity here to be 19 a national policy leader by adopting this 20 procedure, not just after high level uses 21 of force but after every incident. 22 Third, facial recognition. 23 Earlier this year the CEO of Taser, which 24 is the City's vendor, publicly discussed 25 plans to add facial recognition STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 164 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 capabilities into camera systems. 3 would fundamentally change the nature and 4 purpose of body-worn cameras and would 5 create enormous new risks to 6 Philadelphia's communities. 7 This If and when facial recognition 8 technologies arrived, body-worn cameras 9 will become powerful tools for enhanced 10 police surveillance, especially in our 11 communities of color where cameras will 12 be pervasive rather than becoming tools 13 for accountability. 14 Several departments, including 15 Baltimore and Boston, have made public 16 commitments in their body-worn camera 17 policies that strictly limit their own 18 use of facial recognition in their 19 body-worn camera systems. 20 Philadelphia Police Department could make 21 a similar commitment and make clear to 22 the community that the enhanced 23 surveillance that body-worn camera 24 systems could provide is not the goal of 25 their program. The STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 165 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Fourth, footage storage and 3 retention. 4 sometimes capture invaluable video 5 evidence, the vast majority of footage 6 will have no foreseeable evidentiary or 7 accountable value. 8 While body-worn cameras will The ongoing cost of storing 9 footage is the most expensive aspect of 10 body-worn camera programs, and storing 11 vast amounts of unneeded footage will be 12 expensive for taxpayers. 13 departments across this country have 14 adopted the best practice of 15 automatically deleting unneeded or 16 unflagged footage after a short amount of 17 time. 18 Department automatically deletes 19 unflagged footage after 90 days, and the 20 Las Vegas Police Department does so after 21 45 days. 22 similar policy. 23 Many For example, the Dallas Police So Philadelphia could adopt a And, fifth, public oversight. 24 Body-worn cameras are still a new 25 technology, and their impact on STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 166 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Philadelphia's communities are still to 3 be seen. 4 Department, as Councilwoman Gym 5 suggested, the Department to publish 6 quarterly reports about the ongoing 7 implementation of the program. 8 reports should provide meaningful 9 statistics; for example, the number of 10 times officers failed to turn on their 11 cameras for required events, the number 12 of requests for footage and whether 13 footage was granted, and the number of 14 cases in which prosecutors accessed 15 footage and so on. 16 The Council could require the The And as one example, DC's 17 Metropolitan Police Department is 18 required by law to publish detailed 19 statistics about its body-worn program 20 every six months. 21 So to wrap up, in order for 22 Philadelphia to reap the full benefits of 23 cameras, the Department must adopt 24 strong, enforceable policies that fairly 25 balance the interest of officers with the STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 167 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 expectations of communities. 3 The suggested improvements that 4 I described are realistic, sensible 5 policy options that reflect nationwide 6 best practices. 7 have already been successfully 8 implemented by other police departments 9 across the country, and there's no reason These are policies that 10 why the Philadelphia Police Department 11 couldn't do the same. 12 13 Thank you for your time, and I look forward to your questions. 14 COUNCILMAN JONES: 15 you testify as well and then we'll go 16 into questions due to time. 17 MS. ROPER: Why don't Thank you. I will 18 do that. 19 Roper. 20 the ACLU of Pennsylvania, for the record. 21 The ACLU has been quite outspoken on the 22 subject of all kinds of police cameras 23 and more recently, of course, with the 24 great focus on police body cameras. 25 My name is Mary Catherine I am the Deputy Legal Director of I personally have spoken with STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 168 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 perhaps a dozen different police forces 3 around the state, talking with them about 4 what are best practices to implement for 5 their body camera policies, and I have 6 reviewed very closely the still pilot but 7 we hope indicative to some extent of the 8 final policy of the Philadelphia Police 9 Department with respect to body cameras, 10 and I recommend it to you, because it has 11 a number of very important provisions to 12 understand how this really works. 13 For instance, written into the 14 policy there is the explanation that one 15 of the concerns that officers had was 16 that -- well, mostly bad language, but 17 very minor misconduct by officers caught 18 on camera would turn into a reason for 19 discipline. 20 policy that that very low-level 21 misconduct will be dealt with through 22 counseling rather than through official 23 discipline. 24 25 And so it's written into the COUNCILMAN JONES: Some of our members might need that counseling from STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 169 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 time to time. 3 MS. ROPER: I mention this, in 4 part, to show that any camera policy is a 5 negotiation between the officers and the 6 supervisors, but also to show how easy it 7 would be for the Philadelphia Police 8 Department to implement an auditing 9 system to make sure that its officers 10 were actually turning on the cameras when 11 they are supposed to turn them on. 12 So this does not have to be the 13 subject of discipline, just like the odd, 14 off-color comment by a Philadelphia 15 police officer caught on camera will not 16 be the subject of discipline, but there 17 could be and should be a regular auditing 18 of this footage, not every camera of 19 every day but in a randomized but regular 20 fashion, to find when officers are in 21 fact not activating their cameras until 22 the suspect is already in cuffs. 23 pointed out by the gentleman from the 24 Defender Association, most police 25 officers are responding -- or most often As was STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 170 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 they're responding to radio calls. 3 get a radio call, there's no reason you 4 can't turn on the camera, saying, I just 5 got a call for this, I'm going here. 6 There's no reason for that camera not to 7 go on until there's somebody in 8 handcuffs. 9 It is a matter of supervision. You That is a matter of training. 10 As an example, for someone who 11 has done that very successfully, we need 12 look no further than SEPTA. 13 adopted their body cam policy, Chief 14 Nestel called up the ACLU and said, Can I 15 come talk to you about our policy, and we 16 said, Of course you can. 17 down, and one of the things we said you 18 need in here is an auditing system to 19 actually make sure your officers are 20 complying, not from a "you're doing the 21 wrong thing, we're going to discipline 22 you" point of view, but from an ensuring 23 actual compliance, which is the only way 24 that you ensure the accountability that 25 you hope to get from a body camera and Before SEPTA And we sat STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 171 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 the public trust that you hope to get 3 from a body camera policy. 4 Frankly, the more people see 5 footage that starts with somebody in 6 cuffs rather than capturing the incident, 7 the more you're going to have people 8 saying this is for the convenience of the 9 police and this is not for our 10 11 accountability. So one of the things that we 12 think is absolutely essential -- and, by 13 the way, we think a great deal of the 14 Philadelphia Police Department policy as 15 it stands is excellent. 16 specific and strict as to when officers 17 are to supposed to turn on their cameras. 18 It's not, I will tell you, when the 19 person is in cuffs. 20 to manage the footage and so on. 21 actually quite an excellent policy in a 22 number of ways. 23 It is quite And how officers are It's The question is going to be how 24 it hits the road, right? And that is 25 going to be determined through the STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 172 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 supervision and, I would say, auditing 3 that is put into place. 4 SEPTA had for the first -- I 5 don't remember how long, but when their 6 cameras were initially rolled out, they 7 have a practice where a supervisor would 8 come to the scene, and right there at the 9 scene the supervisor would say, Let me 10 see your camera. Did it go on at the 11 right time? 12 officer had not activated the camera 13 properly, there would be follow-up, not 14 discipline, but initially, of course, 15 counseling, retraining, et cetera. 16 is how you get to compliance even before 17 you get to the New Orleans example of 18 docking somebody's pay. It doesn't have 19 to be that harsh, right? This is -- but 20 it is a step that we think is 21 irreplaceable if you actually want these 22 cameras to have the effect that 23 Commissioner Ross talked about of 24 enhancing accountability and transparency 25 and trust between the Police Department And if they found that an This STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 173 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 and the community. 3 The second absence that we see 4 in the Police Department policy, the 5 Philadelphia Police Department policy as 6 it currently exists, is the availability 7 of camera footage to the people who are 8 captured on that camera footage. 9 If I am involved in any kind of 10 an encounter with a police officer, if I 11 have a complaint, if I have a question, 12 if I have any unease about that 13 situation, I should be able to see that 14 footage. 15 able to file a Right-to-Know Request and 16 fight with the District Attorney Office 17 and take an appeal to the Office of Open 18 Records. 19 that footage immediately upon request. 20 don't mean at the scene, but I should be 21 able to go to the Police Department and 22 say, I am in that footage, I would like 23 to see it. 24 25 I don't mean that I should be I mean, I should be able to see I I understand the concern about lots and lots of people requesting access STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 174 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 to this footage, and District Attorney 3 Williams talked about some legislative 4 efforts to, in his words, close the 5 floodgates. 6 legislation in Harrisburg would prevent 7 the release of body camera footage in all 8 but a very, very narrow category of 9 cases. I will say that the proposed There's no reason for that strict 10 a policy, and obviously we are having 11 that conversation in Harrisburg. 12 Philadelphia Police Department -- because 13 the purpose of this policy, the purpose 14 of this move, the purpose of spending all 15 this money is, among other things, to 16 increase the trust between the community 17 and the police. 18 community and you're not going to let 19 them see it, that is going to worsen the 20 relationship between the community and 21 the police, not improve it. But the If you are recording the 22 So we think that there should 23 be a special procedure quite apart from 24 whatever works out in terms of the 25 Right-to-Know Law where a person who STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 175 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 says, I am in that footage, I spoke to 3 that police officer, I want to see that 4 portion of the footage, should be granted 5 that right without any other question. 6 Those are the two main points I 7 wanted to bring up. We have -- we agree 8 with many of the points brought up by 9 previous speakers. We appreciate very 10 much City Council looking into it as well 11 as -- and I'm sorry Commissioner Ross 12 isn't here to hear it -- the very 13 thoughtful and deliberate way that the 14 Philadelphia Police Department has gone 15 about adopting this. 16 conversation continues. 17 your questions. 18 We hope that the And I welcome COUNCILMAN JONES: So you 19 surprised me in your testimony. I was 20 informed by you and -- both of you, but 21 you surprised me, because I was waiting 22 for this George Orwell 1984 Big Brother 23 response to this, and this was well 24 thought out and very helpful to me and I 25 believe this Committee. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 176 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 MS. ROPER: We have those 3 nightmares too. I'm more than happy to 4 talk about retention, but... 5 COUNCILMAN JONES: 6 But, you know, the reason why we have 7 these hearings is for that type of input, 8 because our intention is to do a good 9 thing, but the devil is in the details, 10 and how you do a thing and how effective 11 a thing becomes is on those small 12 nuances. 13 you giving that. 14 15 16 17 No, no. And so we are appreciative of The Chair recognizes Councilman Greenlee. COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 18 Very quickly. Are you both 19 still in contact with the Police 20 Department as they develop? 21 Commissioner Ross made it clear, this is 22 a program in development. 23 had -- I know you said early on the SEPTA 24 Police contacted you. 25 discussions at all? Because Have you Have you had STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 177 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 3 MS. ROPER: Philadelphia Police Department, no. 4 5 MR. YU: COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: right. All Thank you. 8 9 We also have not had discussions with the Department. 6 7 Not with the COUNCILMAN JONES: Thank you, Councilman. 10 Councilman Taubenberger. 11 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 12 Mr. Chairman, thank you very much. 13 Two brief or at least one brief 14 question. 15 Ms. Roper, about SEPTA and you think 16 they're doing pretty good practices. 17 Well, two. MS. ROPER: You had spoken, Yes. At least -- 18 actually they also have a very good, 19 carefully drawn policy, and at least 20 their initial rollout was audited very 21 carefully to make sure that the training 22 was effective, the compliance was 23 happening, and then they published a 24 public report about it so you could see 25 that it really took some correction at STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 178 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 the beginning. 3 4 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: under SEPTA, that is Captain Nestel? 5 MS. ROPER: 6 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 7 10 That's correct. Yeah. I hear good things about him. 8 9 And A question unto you as well. With Philadelphia have you seen our policy? 11 MS. ROPER: Yes. 12 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: And 13 then the second part of that -- or not 14 the second part, but my last question 15 would be, with other major police cities, 16 who would you say is doing the best? 17 MS. ROPER: I haven't done 18 anywhere near as much of that comparison 19 as Upturn and -- I'm sorry. I forgot his 20 name, the previous speaker. So I would 21 defer to them. 22 23 24 25 They are holding up -- COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: Well, just in your opinion. MS. ROPER: I've heard good things about Las Vegas, but, frankly, I STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 179 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 don't have the same kind of breadth of 3 comparison that the others do. 4 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 5 MR. YU: 6 Do you mind if I chime in there? 7 8 Okay. COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: No, no; please. 9 MR. YU: I think the overall 10 picture from Scorecard, the 50 department 11 review, is that there isn't a department 12 across the country that has a perfect 13 policy. 14 In some places -COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 15 I didn't say perfect. 16 good policy. 17 MR. YU: Well, My question was a Yeah. I mean, as I 18 was saying in my testimony, in particular 19 areas, on access, Las Vegas and DC, I 20 would look at those places for best 21 practices. 22 Dallas. 23 toward Oakland. 24 model policies, not a single model policy 25 that particular departments put together, On retention, I'd look toward On pre-report viewing, I'd look So I think there are STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 180 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 but bits and pieces around the country 3 that we can learn from. 4 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: And 5 Las Vegas, as far as I have heard from 6 here -- and that is only today -- they 7 kind of turn this over pretty quickly as 8 well, everything? 9 MR. YU: I think on the access 10 question, they do among the best in the 11 country. 12 MS. ROPER: I'll just chime in 13 here. 14 expensive software that will blur faces 15 of bystanders or whomever you wish to 16 choose that you can use before releasing 17 footage, and I think that some of that -- 18 that's what we call redaction when we're 19 talking about video usually, is blurring 20 faces. 21 built in to some of the retention and 22 retrievable software that is sold by the 23 major companies selling these kinds of 24 things. 25 There is readily available and not It's not difficult to do. It's So you're right, Councilman STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 181 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Jones, the ACLU, we're always concerned 3 about the mass collection of data on 4 people. 5 privacy while using this as an 6 accountability tool. 7 8 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: Mr. Chairman, thank you. 9 10 There are ways to protect the And thank you for your testimony. 11 COUNCILMAN JONES: Thank you. 12 And thank you guys for your 13 testimony. 14 the City of Philadelphia deal with 15 demonstrations I'm aware of, and know 16 that you kept us out of the national 17 press on many occasions by making us 18 conform to certain civil rights and civic 19 rights. 20 21 And the way you have helped MS. ROPER: It's easier when we have a partner who is listening. 22 COUNCILMAN JONES: 23 MS. ROPER: 24 COUNCILMAN JONES: 25 Got it. So thank you. All right. Ms. Williams, could you please read the STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 182 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 next group to testify. 3 4 THE CLERK: Sure. We're going to have John White and -- 5 COUNCILMAN JONES: 6 Brinkley, can you come up around there 7 too so we can get you. 8 9 10 THE CLERK: And we're also going to have Thomas Nestel, Chief of SEPTA Transit. 11 12 Mr. (Witness approached witness table.) 13 COUNCILMAN JONES: You're on 14 deck. 15 inside, so once they go up, you can 16 occupy a seat, sir. 17 need you back at Abbottsford making sure 18 everything is straight. 19 They'll go up to the -- come I don't know -- I Thank you for your patience and 20 please state your name and begin your 21 testimony, please. 22 MR. WHITE: Councilman Jones 23 and esteemed Councilmembers, thank you 24 for this opportunity. 25 White and I am the Executive Vice My name is John STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 183 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 President and Chief Technology Officer of 3 Signature Systems. 4 representing PDQ Vision, a division of 5 Signature Systems that develops 6 applications and the related peripherals 7 used to manage and store digital evidence 8 captured by body-worn cameras. 9 Today I am We are a locally based company 10 with 30 years of proven experience. 11 team and I look forward to the potential 12 opportunity of investing in Philadelphia, 13 creating jobs, and collaborating with 14 local minority-owned women firms as the 15 Council considers implementing a 16 body-worn camera program. 17 My Criminal justice reform begins 18 with body-worn cameras and the 19 considerations that agencies must take 20 into account as they craft their 21 policies. 22 cameras have on privacy, community 23 relationships, concerns raised by 24 front-line officers, and the financial 25 costs. These include the effects that STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 184 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Even considering the challenges 3 of implementing a body-worn camera 4 program, many agencies have seen a 5 dramatic drop in complaints against 6 officers. 7 credited for immediately neutralizing 8 defiant attitudes and criminal 9 orientations of suspects when they Moreover, cameras have been 10 realize that they are being recorded for 11 evidentiary purposes. 12 Our CJIS compliant solution is 13 based on the best practices surrounding 14 three main principals - capturing, 15 archiving, and managing the data while 16 incorporating implementation and usage 17 audits. 18 months and a year after full 19 implementation. 20 in documenting how the cameras are being 21 utilized as well as validating your 22 financial investment in the program. 23 Further, given how quickly technology 24 advances, we include a built-in camera 25 refresh program so that you are not Our solution includes audits six We see tremendous value STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 185 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 trapped using yesterday's antiquated 3 technology. 4 Having modern hardware is 5 essential. However, agencies cannot 6 ignore the 800-pound gorilla in the room, 7 and that's the data storage. 8 cameras produce vast amounts of data as 9 well as metadata used to track and manage Body-worn 10 the videos. 11 are developed will, by far, have the 12 largest impact on the financial burden of 13 maintaining a body-worn camera program. 14 The retention policies that There are varying opinions 15 regarding how long videos should be 16 retained. 17 non-evidentiary video; others say longer. 18 Typically non-evidentiary video outpaces 19 the storage requirements of video that 20 becomes evidence. 21 retention policy for non-evidentiary 22 video is one of the key cost drivers of 23 the program. 24 25 Some say 60 to 90 days for As a result, the In the past, agencies were limited to storing their data on STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 186 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 premises. 3 ideal solution given the costs associated 4 with constructing a technical 5 infrastructure that's able to support and 6 maintain the vast amount of data, not to 7 mention the costs associated with hiring 8 additional qualified IT staff. 9 This typically was not an A CJIS-compliant cloud solution 10 is a much more attractive option. 11 Agencies have the opportunity to gain 12 from some of the benefits that a cloud 13 platform has to offer; for instance, cost 14 effectiveness, scalability, security, and 15 access to innovation. 16 By some estimates, when 17 comparing cloud platforms to an 18 on-premise solution, agencies could save 19 between 45 and 65 percent when you 20 consider the cost of hardware, labor, and 21 increased Internet access costs. 22 Additionally, cloud computing platforms 23 offer advantages in agencies' ability to 24 search, manage the vast amount of data 25 collected. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 187 1 2 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 A robust, secure cloud-based 3 evidence management application is 4 critical to the success of a body-worn 5 camera program and should include the 6 following features, at minimum: 7 ability to provide a clearly defined 8 realtime audit and chain of custody 9 trail; have controls in place to protect the 10 the privacy of victims in the cases of 11 sexual assault or juveniles; integrated 12 auditing controls to match evidence with 13 CAD and RMS events; provide video and 14 audio redaction functionality; secure 15 video-sharing capabilities that do not 16 require the use of proprietary video 17 playback applications; built-in 18 functionality to watermark and digitally 19 sign videos that any leaked evidence can 20 be tracked. 21 body-worn program will incorporate a 22 uniform evidence playback solution that 23 can be used in a courtroom setting. 24 25 And, finally, a good In the wake of recent high-profile incidents, agencies across STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 188 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 the country are rapidly adopting 3 body-worn cameras for their officers. 4 One of the main selling points is that 5 these cameras provide transparency into 6 police interactions and to help protect 7 citizens' civil rights. 8 9 Our local firm is poised and ready to implement a robust program and 10 bring additional jobs to the area. 11 hope that our insight and testimony is 12 beneficial to the Council as it considers 13 moving forward. 14 We If time permits, I have a brief 15 demonstration if you look over there. 16 One of our latest innovations is the 17 incorporation of our 4G connectivity into 18 our body-worn cameras. 19 with me a few with this functionality for 20 your view. 21 from a secure command control center, and 22 the video and the GPS location is 23 streamed live, which you can see on the 24 projector obviously. 25 Today I brought It can be enabled remotely While it may not be practical STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 189 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 to deploy this type of a camera to every 3 single officer, having this technology 4 accessible to SWAT teams or officers 5 entering critical situations can be 6 proved invaluable. 7 This technology can give 8 command centers realtime data to assist 9 with coordinating efforts to safely 10 resolve the fast-paced emergency 11 situations. 12 13 COUNCILMAN JONES: transmitting now? 14 15 16 17 Is this MR. WHITE: That's transmitting there. COUNCILMAN JONES: I'm scared. There you go. 18 MR. WHITE: 19 It's just transmitting there. 20 It's not recording. COUNCILMAN JONES: Is that the 21 same brand of camera we're using on our 22 Philadelphia police? 23 MR. WHITE: 24 25 No, it is not. That is our camera, our own camera. COUNCILMAN JONES: So that is STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 190 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 different than the technology we saw 3 earlier? 4 MR. WHITE: Yes, it is. 5 COUNCILMAN JONES: A couple of 6 questions. 7 process, the 17 or so firms that applied 8 originally? 9 10 11 Were you a part of the bid MR. WHITE: No, we were not. COUNCILMAN JONES: afterwards? 12 MR. WHITE: 13 COUNCILMAN JONES: 14 15 So you came Yes. But you're just on the storage end? MR. WHITE: We specialize in 16 the storage end and the management 17 application end. 18 COUNCILMAN JONES: 19 going to be managing our data storage? 20 21 22 23 MR. WHITE: So are you We'd like to. We also sell the cameras. COUNCILMAN JONES: So you will be bidding on that? 24 MR. WHITE: Say again. 25 COUNCILMAN JONES: You will be STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 191 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 bidding on that service? 3 MR. WHITE: Yes, we will. 4 COUNCILMAN JONES: And I heard 5 you in your testimony talked about 6 redactive features, which means 7 protecting the innocent from being viewed 8 by people who may call upon that. 9 you in any other cities? 10 MR. WHITE: So are We're working with 11 a number of other police departments in 12 the area, yes. 13 COUNCILMAN JONES: Do any of 14 them have the volume of the City of 15 Philadelphia? 16 MR. WHITE: 17 COUNCILMAN JONES: 18 new endeavor. 19 crashes and hacking? 20 MR. WHITE: Not currently. So this is a How do you safeguard We are audited on 21 an annual basis for our security. They 22 go over access controls from a physical 23 standpoint, from a networking standpoint. 24 They run their own security tests from a 25 vulnerability standpoint as well as a STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 192 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 threat management standpoint. 3 review all of our logs to make sure that 4 we're doing everything that we can 5 possibly do to protect the data that we 6 have in our networks, and that occurs on 7 an annual basis and is done by a third 8 party. 9 10 COUNCILMAN JONES: MR. WHITE: 12 COUNCILMAN JONES: Four-three Labs. Who are they? 14 15 Who is the third party? 11 13 They MR. WHITE: They're a security firm, nationally recognized. 16 COUNCILMAN JONES: 17 no potential for us based on Russian 18 cyber hacking that they can get into that 19 system? 20 MR. WHITE: 21 COUNCILMAN JONES: 22 23 So there is Correct. And what prevents that? MR. WHITE: Those data files 24 are all encrypted. So you need to have a 25 key set to access those videos. You need STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 193 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 to have that information available. 3 hard drives are encrypted. 4 that are recorded on those body cameras 5 are encrypted before they even hit our 6 servers. 7 in and of itself does not get you access 8 to that information. The The videos So having access to that device 9 COUNCILMAN JONES: 10 you use the cloud solution, you can't 11 lose data by way of some type of natural 12 or manmade event. 13 with doing time, the last thing they're 14 going to want to hear is the video that I 15 have here today can prove me innocent. 16 Oops, we don't have it. 17 redundancy built in? 18 MR. WHITE: 19 COUNCILMAN JONES: 20 21 And so when So if someone is faced So is there a Absolutely. Explain that. MR. WHITE: Everything that we 22 retain in our central service is backed 23 up twice in two different geographic 24 locations. 25 COUNCILMAN JONES: Okay. Any STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 194 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 questions? 3 (No response.) 4 COUNCILMAN JONES: 5 Seeing none, thank you for your testimony. 6 Ms. Williams, who is next? 7 MR. WHITE: Thank you. 8 THE CLERK: We have Thomas 9 Nestel from SEPTA if anyone has any 10 questions from SEPTA, as they were 11 referenced several times today. 12 13 COUNCILMAN JONES: Mr. Brinkley, you might as well get on deck. 14 THE CLERK: We also have 15 Mr. Greg Brinkley and Doreen Waller. 16 COUNCILMAN JONES: 17 sit together. 18 19 20 You can both It's okay. (Witnesses approached witness table.) COUNCILMAN JONES: I just 21 want -- the only statement I would have 22 is that it was mentioned that you guys 23 have had a body camera program for a 24 while and are doing it at a high level, 25 and could you explain the history of STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 195 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 that. 3 4 CHIEF NESTEL: Councilman. 5 6 Correct, Thomas Nestel. I'm the Chief of the SEPTA Transit Police. 7 Councilman, like Philadelphia, 8 we didn't rush into the process of 9 getting body-worn cameras. It was a 10 lengthy process that began in the spring 11 of 2013 and ended January 1st of 2016 12 when every member of the Transit Police 13 Department was issued a camera. 14 that time, we have used them every day. Since 15 The development of the policy, 16 the processes, the release of video, all 17 of those elements that you've heard about 18 today, I reached out to a lot of people, 19 as Ms. Roper mentioned, as the Public 20 Defenders Office mentioned, folks that we 21 interact with on a regular basis. 22 It has provided us with good 23 results. We did an audit for the first 24 six months of the operation and found 25 that offender injuries were decreased by STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 196 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 20 percent, officer injuries decreased by 3 30 percent, complaints against police 4 officers down by 25 percent, and response 5 to resistance incidents decreased by 19 6 percent. 7 8 So those -COUNCILMAN JONES: Repeat that last stat, please. 9 CHIEF NESTEL: 10 Response to resistance. 11 force responding to resistance. 12 decreased by 19 percent. 13 The last one? We call use of That's So those benchmark items that I 14 think a lot of police departments are 15 looking for with the body-worn camera 16 program have come to fruition for us with 17 the body cameras. 18 Now, we also did a compliance 19 audit. It was important to me that we 20 provide public information, because the 21 goal of the body-worn camera program is 22 not only to change behaviors on both 23 sides of that camera, but it is also to 24 improve the relationship and the belief 25 that the police are providing good STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 197 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 justice. 3 So we evaluated whether or not 4 the officers were actually turning their 5 cameras on. 6 can give police officers equipment, but 7 if they don't use it in the way that we 8 expect them to use it, then it's a huge 9 fail for us. 10 That's a critical piece. We We pulled 300 incidents that we 11 dispatched police officers to and looked 12 for corresponding video. 13 way of just checking on compliance. 14 we found that 22 percent of the selected 15 incidents did not have a corresponding 16 video. 17 remind police officers -- you know, you 18 can give them the camera and you can tell 19 them when to turn it on, but when they're 20 doing the job, sometimes they forget, and 21 when you're giving them a new piece of 22 equipment, sometimes it's difficult to 23 learn. 24 don't want to turn it on. 25 It was a great And So we went back to trying to And there are some folks who So we engaged in a pretty STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 198 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 aggressive campaign to encourage the 3 police officers to activate their 4 cameras. 5 quips. 6 were also reminded to activate your 7 camera, and that was at the time that you 8 got the radio call. 9 video of officers traveling on the Broad That campaign included radio When you got a radio call, you So we have lots of 10 Street subway to a call, but it's one 11 less thing for the officer to worry about 12 when they get to that scene of the call. 13 We had supervisors when they 14 arrive at a scene go around to every 15 officer to make sure that the camera is 16 activated. 17 ensure that officers were recording 18 video, and we had counseling sessions, 19 documented counseling sessions, 20 retraining, and discipline. 21 We had random checks to The need for discipline was not 22 as great once we made it very clear that 23 the expectations were that the cameras 24 have to be turned on when you receive a 25 call for service. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 199 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Ms. Roper mentioned that one of 3 the concerns of police officers is that 4 the cameras will be used for enforcement 5 of minor violations or, as I like to say, 6 we're not using the camera to see if 7 you're not wearing your hat. 8 important is how you're interacting with 9 the community, with the person that you What's 10 have stopped, and how that person is 11 interacting with you. 12 We have had tremendous success 13 in showing that officers act very 14 professionally but are perceived as being 15 ignorant or standoffish. 16 police officers the video sometimes is 17 able to educate officers that a little 18 bit of personality goes a long way. 19 And showing So this has been a tremendous 20 learning curve for us, with good results. 21 But I didn't come with prepared 22 remarks. I actually came to listen and 23 learn, because I think that this is a 24 process that is ongoing and will be 25 continuing. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 200 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 COUNCILMAN JONES: Thank you 3 for that. 4 audits. 5 of an event. 6 female officer that was attacked on body 7 cam, which was evidence of her attempt to 8 protect herself, move away, and then the 9 persistence of the individual who wound 10 And so you do quarterly You do spot checks at the scene Most recently I saw the up assaulting her. 11 CHIEF NESTEL: 12 COUNCILMAN JONES: 13 Yes, sir. Which it goes both ways. 14 CHIEF NESTEL: Yes, sir. 15 COUNCILMAN JONES: It provides 16 evidence for those who accuse. 17 provides evidence against those who 18 assault. 19 It So I think it -CHIEF NESTEL: And I am equally 20 concerned about the state legislation 21 that is talking about limiting the 22 release of body camera video. 23 that that's an important part of a good 24 program. 25 department and says, I'd like to see that I think And if a person contacts our STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 201 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 video, we don't make them a copy. 3 make them an appointment. 4 we'll show you that video. 5 6 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: Yes. Well, thank you. And, Captain Nestel, thank you for your service. 11 12 Councilman, I think, Taubenberger was first. 9 10 Come on up and COUNCILMAN JONES: 7 8 We CHIEF NESTEL: My pleasure, sir. 13 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 14 will have to say what I have heard 15 here -- and I've been here for most of 16 the hearing -- is good things said about 17 your program. 18 CHIEF NESTEL: 19 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 20 Actually what I'm hearing from you 21 personally, I really, really like. 22 And I Thank you. The union representing your 23 police officers, was there any pushback 24 there, say, Hey, we really don't want you 25 to do this? STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 202 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 CHIEF NESTEL: There was 3 tremendous concern. 4 I asked for assistance from Drexel 5 University to do a pre-implementation 6 survey and a six-month post survey of 7 officers' perceptions of the cameras. 8 That's a huge element for any camera 9 program, is do the officers accept it, 10 As a matter of fact, does the union accept it. 11 So I had said from the very 12 beginning that this wasn't a catching you 13 with your hat off issue. 14 them with another example of the use of 15 video where a police officer was accused 16 of committing robbery on a person that 17 she had stopped, and the person alleged 18 that when she searched him, she took his 19 money out and put it on the hood of a car 20 and then took that money. 21 showed that that clearly didn't happen. 22 And I provided And the video So the idea for or at least the 23 delivery to the police officers is that 24 this is for your benefit. 25 person. It's on your You're operating it. You know STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 203 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 it's there. 3 we'll do the right thing to support you. 4 5 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: Very good. 6 7 You do the right thing, and The policy that you have, who helped write that? 8 CHIEF NESTEL: I wrote it, but 9 I did it with a tremendous amount of 10 input from a lot of folks, and at one 11 point I even posted it publicly and asked 12 for people's input. 13 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: Are 14 you familiar with the Philadelphia police 15 policy that we have as a temporary guide? 16 17 CHIEF NESTEL: it, no. 18 I haven't seen No, sir. COUNCILMAN JONES: No. And I 19 think it was stated by the Commissioner 20 he's going to provide that for us. 21 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 22 Right. I did ask. 23 COUNCILMAN JONES: You did? 24 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 25 And at some point, could we Yeah. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 204 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 also have a copy of your policy where -- 3 you said it's posted, but -- 4 CHIEF NESTEL: Yes, sir. As a 5 matter of fact, I'll make sure that you 6 get a copy of the audit and a copy of our 7 policy. 8 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 9 good. 10 much. Captain, thank you very, very 11 CHIEF NESTEL: 12 COUNCILMAN JONES: 13 14 15 16 Very My pleasure. Councilman Greenlee. COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Very quickly. Chief, thank you 17 for everything you do, and thank you for 18 the help you provided us in that Suburban 19 Station issue. 20 ongoing -- 21 22 I know that's an CHIEF NESTEL: It was a challenge. 23 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: 24 As was said, it seems like a 25 Yeah. lot of people are saying how you guys are STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 205 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 getting it right for the most part. 3 you still in conversation as the Police 4 Department gets -- the Philly Police 5 Department gets their policies going? 6 Are you in communication on that? 7 CHIEF NESTEL: Are You know, I have 8 the wonderful benefit of being an alumnus 9 of the Philadelphia Police Department. 10 11 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: aware of that, yes. 12 CHIEF NESTEL: 13 COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: 14 We're So, you know -You know a few people there. 15 CHIEF NESTEL: 16 have a great relationship with the 17 leadership of the Department, and I'm 18 ready to help them whatever way I can. 19 That's right. COUNCILMAN GREENLEE: 20 good. Thank you. 21 all you do. Sounds Again, thank you for 22 Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 23 COUNCILMAN JONES: 24 25 Thank you. Thank you. Mr. Brinkley, thank you for STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 I Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 206 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 your patience. 3 mic close to you. 4 the record and please begin your 5 testimony. 6 Can you please bring the State your name for MR. BRINKLEY: Yeah. Thank you 7 for the opportunity. 8 leave without presenting this 9 perspective, and I have a post on the 10 11 I was not going to public perspective. My name is Greg Brinkley. I am 12 the Founding President of People United 13 for Justice and Accountability. 14 I want to say, Mr. Chairman, I 15 have addressed previous Council bodies in 16 other capacities; namely, as the previous 17 President of the Philadelphia Chapter of 18 the National Action Network, regarding 19 unfortunately the brutal and aggressive 20 actions perpetrated by the Philadelphia 21 Police Department on the citizenry of 22 Philadelphia. 23 I'm here today to admittedly 24 advocate for the inclusion of public 25 representation. And what I mean public, STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 207 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 I mean actual physical having a person 3 represent on any panel that will help 4 develop and implement this policy, 5 because there's some unique perspectives 6 that people in our position actually 7 bring governing the use of the body cam. 8 9 10 11 So let me move forward. I'm just going to read real quickly and then I'll provide some commentary. There's a well-documented 12 history of public brutality and disputed 13 killings of citizens in Philadelphia, 14 particularly in the African American 15 community. 16 the killing of Brandon Tate-Brown and 17 Albert Purnell, Jr. 18 cases, the facts were largely disputed by 19 either eyewitness accounts, in the case 20 of Purnell, and the eventual admission by 21 former Police Commissioner Charles Ramsey 22 that Brandon Tate-Brown was not reaching 23 for a gun, after months of deliberate 24 misrepresentation that he did by official 25 spokespersons for the police. Two of these noted cases are In both of these STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 208 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 These cases, needless to say, 3 causes and facilitates major trust issues 4 and represents a larger concern with 5 respect to the ability of the police to 6 police itself. 7 police administration to having public 8 representation -- and, again, I heard the 9 testimony of Commissioner Ross, but I'm 10 talking about physical presence in that 11 regard -- in the development and 12 implementation is very telling. 13 their concerns? 14 desires to, quote, "work with the 15 community," unquote, by Commissioner Ross 16 are indeed sincere, then what's the 17 problem? 18 The opposition by this What are If the public-expressed These body cameras represent a 19 vital tool in aiding and facilitating the 20 facts in these disputed engagements 21 regarding police and the citizens of 22 Philadelphia. 23 stringent rules and procedures are in 24 place regarding police usage and 25 activation of these cameras. We need to ensure that Having STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 209 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 public representation involved in this 3 total process would aid in the latter. 4 Let me say, Mr. Chairman and 5 members of the Committee, I bring a 6 unique perspective to this argument. 7 addition to being an advocate, a 8 long-term advocate, who have dealt with a 9 number of police shootings asked to 10 assist, I am a retired corrections 11 officer. 12 enforcement structure and the rules, 13 they're similar. 14 In So when it comes to the law The one thing that I sit here 15 and I listen to, anyone will tell you -- 16 I worked at Graterford. 17 activation portion of it can be 18 definitely controlled with the political 19 will of the leadership of that body. 20 Whatever the For the most part, at 21 Graterford your white shirts, as we 22 called them, are gods. 23 want their subordinates to do something, 24 you will do it or there's ways that they 25 persuade you to follow policy. If in fact they So STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 210 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 there's no reason why -- and I'm sitting 3 up here wondering as I listen to 4 Commissioner Ross. 5 I applaud SEPTA, because that's 6 the way you do it. Yes, you want to 7 cajole them or do certain things, but you 8 have got to put a discipline policy in 9 place in order to ensure that the 10 activation portion is utilized. 11 happen in the Philadelphia Police 12 Department. 13 structure where you have a command 14 structure, because there's so many other 15 ways you can effect whether your 16 subordinate will comply. 17 That can It can happen in any So when I sit here and I heard 18 a number of -- I don't think -- when 19 you're talking about the killing of 20 Brandon Tate-Brown, when you're talking 21 about some other actions that have been 22 happening upon the citizens and it 23 involves police brutality, how do you 24 explain to that family that just sitting 25 up here saying that officers have a right STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 211 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 or a decision in whether they turn that 3 camera on? 4 police apparatus and it's a policy. 5 policy can be in place, but it is the 6 political and administrative will of 7 whoever leads that department to ensure 8 that. 9 That camera is part of that The And so I don't -- I'm glad I 10 heard Commissioner Ross. I don't think 11 it takes, you know, that much to do. 12 understand it's still a new policy in 13 place and they're learning as they go 14 along, but why not have some people on 15 the committee? 16 Gym. 17 having that physical representation on 18 the committee that will add the unique 19 perspective of the community, because 20 we're going to be the ones that's going 21 to be the recipient of that engagement, 22 whatever that is. 23 how a person could be adverse to that if 24 you are doing your job, if you are doing 25 the best that you can. I I agree with Councilwoman I think where she was going was And I don't understand And as a STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 212 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 correctional officer at Graterford, if we 3 didn't do our job -- and we had cameras 4 all around. 5 there. 6 all I had to do was look at the camera. 7 If somebody did something wrong, you can 8 see the camera. 9 I'm glad that they were So when I had to enforce policy, So I'm not understanding why 10 we're, with all due respect, messing 11 around with these words and trying to 12 complicate that aspect of it. 13 don't really -- as a taxpayer, I would be 14 willing to pay for whatever cost 15 Commissioner Ross is talking that it 16 costs in order to effect such a policy, 17 because the flip side of that is if we 18 don't do that from the beginning to end 19 and something occurs, as in the Brandon 20 Tate case, that's a body that that parent 21 has to live with the loss of their son. 22 So I think that that's minimal. 23 24 25 And I Thank you very much for even allowing me to testify. COUNCILMAN JONES: STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 213 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 Mr. Brinkley, I've known you maybe, what, 3 closing in on 30 years? 4 MR. BRINKLEY: 5 COUNCILMAN JONES: Yes, sir. That was 6 your finest testimony. 7 beginning to end on the rationale as to 8 why we should do something, and I just 9 wanted to thank you for it. 10 I mean, from MR. BRINKLEY: Thank you, 11 Chairperson and the Council for 12 listening. 13 14 COUNCILMAN JONES: Ma'am, can you pull that mic a 16 little closer to you. 17 for the record. 18 please. 19 Doreen Waller. State your name Begin your testimony, MS. WALLER: 21 Yes. My name is I am a concerned citizen. Many of the things I have to 22 say have already been said, but I'll do 23 it again. 24 25 I do get it. 15 20 I get it. Body cameras are now in half of big city police departments. Thirty-six STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 214 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 of 69 major United States cities now use 3 them. 4 of force and complaints. 5 PHA officers have them as well as SEPTA 6 police officers. They have been shown to reduce use 7 I believe all Statistics show that people are 8 more compliant when they know their 9 activities are being documented and 10 recorded. 11 the 22nd District this morning. 12 in agreement to wearing these cameras. 13 They find them to be very helpful, and 14 they have not received any complaints 15 from citizens. 16 I spoke to some officers in They are There are cameras -- we have 17 cameras on street lights. I don't hear 18 anyone complaining about them or about 19 them invading individual's rights. 20 believe if an innocent bystander is 21 captured in the picture, they can be 22 blighted out as we see time and time 23 again on TV of these police stories and 24 et cetera. 25 These cameras can also detect when an I Plus, this is a dual vehicle. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 215 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 officer is in the wrong. 3 And that's about it. 4 COUNCILMAN JONES: Thank you. 5 Thank you for being patient and allowing 6 us to conduct these hearings. 7 to know that we're -- I know a lot of 8 times when people look up here, oh, they 9 already know. No. I want you We stand on the 10 shoulders of giants of people who have 11 dug a deeper dive into a particular 12 subject matter, and then we're able to 13 incorporate that into our policy. 14 we appreciate that input. 15 16 17 18 19 MS. WALLER: And so I was wondering, now -COUNCILMAN JONES: Pull the mic a little closer to you. MS. WALLER: I was wondering, 20 now you knew that SEPTA has body cameras. 21 And PHA, do they have body cameras? 22 COUNCILMAN JONES: Yes. I just 23 found out too, because when you said it, 24 I went and checked with Ms. Williams and 25 she said yes. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 216 1 2 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 MS. WALLER: Okay. And I was 3 wondering since you know that SEPTA and 4 PHA have these body cameras, why didn't 5 you have a hearing with them first or 6 whatever, a meeting to see how successful 7 they were? 8 COUNCILMAN JONES: Because they 9 deal -- so -- and I'm not that I'm an 10 expert in either. When you talk about 11 housing police, there's a different level 12 of activity, and when you talk about 13 SEPTA police, there's a different level 14 of activity. 15 District, they have as much activity as 16 some entire police departments around the 17 Commonwealth. 18 about the physical apparatus or the 19 storage that backs it up. 20 of interactions, different locations. 21 And I agree, and the reason why we have 22 these hearings is to find out the body of 23 knowledge that's out there, because we 24 don't -- it doesn't always come to us. 25 But as we get closer to budget decisions, As mentioned in the 22nd So we're not just talking It's the types STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 217 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 we have to be frugal and we have to stand 3 on the shoulders of that information that 4 we find out to create or suggest creating 5 good policy. 6 about. 7 us learn anything, why do we have a 8 hearing? 9 opinions, different views, then we're not And that's what this is all If we have a hearing and none of If we don't listen to different 10 taking advantage of knowledge. And so we 11 may not agree on all of the things, but 12 we learned some things, and now the bar 13 has risen a bit about what our 14 expectations are of policy. 15 good thing. 16 find out that other subcomponents of 17 government had it right. 18 say how well SEPTA is doing with body 19 cameras was refreshing. 20 MR. BRINKLEY: So it's a And it's often rewarding to For people to I just want to 21 thank the Council for -- this is an issue 22 when it comes to police and the citizens. 23 I've been a Philadelphia citizen all my 24 life, and I'm keeping it real, Councilman 25 Jones, where people don't want -- they STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 218 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 haven't wanted to even begin to have a 3 dialogue concerning ways we can engage 4 the police and the public. 5 thank you for at least having the wisdom, 6 the courage -- it's my word -- to even 7 have and to follow through on a promise 8 you made to have these hearings to allow 9 the public to engage Council. 10 And I want to This isn't -- I don't speak as 11 an anti-police anything. I was part of 12 the law enforcement community, but at the 13 same token, as much as I'm a part of the 14 law enforcement community, I'm a part of 15 the community and I have a vested 16 interest in this city. 17 believe I'm like you guys, I just want 18 fairness, I want to respect and honor the 19 good police that's out there who do their 20 job every day, correctional officers who 21 risk their lives every day going behind 22 those walls. 23 I heard -- and even when I was at 24 Graterford, if I saw an officer acting 25 crazy, because we always had -- you have So I'd like to And there's some good ones. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 219 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 enough issues without creating some. 3 was against that. 4 you for even having this hearing. 5 Appreciate it. So fairness. I I thank 6 COUNCILMAN JONES: Thank you. 7 Councilman Taubenberger. 8 COUNCILMAN TAUBENBERGER: 9 And I just have comments, but Yes. 10 they're going to be very brief. 11 Councilman, I want to thank you, Chairman 12 Jones, Councilman Jones, for putting 13 forth this resolution. 14 things were discussed today. 15 things I agree with. 16 don't, but I'm learning. 17 As a I think a lot of Many of the Some of them I And I want to thank you two as 18 well for coming down from your busy day 19 and giving us insight. 20 all the witnesses, but you're the two 21 that are in front of me right now. 22 think it's important that we learn, and 23 these hearings are a great opportunity to 24 learn things. 25 I want to thank I'm new around here. I I got STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 220 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 elected in November of 2015, took office 3 in January of 2016. 4 new freshman, but what is really good 5 about these hearings, it's like going to 6 school again, but now you also have the 7 opportunity of everything that you have 8 said and others have said and what I'm 9 saying now is taken down and we can So I'm a relatively 10 review it again if we didn't catch it the 11 first time. 12 and you can ask your professors anything 13 you want and they're on the record. 14 It's like going to college I mean, I'm just saying it on 15 the learning portion of this, we learn a 16 lot. 17 from this Councilman that we're very 18 appreciative that you have taken the time 19 off, because you have many, many, many 20 other things to do, I know, to come out 21 and speak your mind and giving us your 22 understanding as you see it. 23 greatly appreciated. 24 25 And I want to say that you heard it It's Thank you. COUNCILMAN JONES: Well said, Councilman. STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 221 1 3/13/17 - PUBLIC SAFETY - RES. 161113 2 So I want to thank publicly the 3 Fraternal Order of Police. 4 out to them late, but they agreed to 5 submit testimony in writing, for which I 6 am grateful, because all opinions do 7 matter in this public process. 8 9 10 We reached So having said that, the Committee on -- and there's also written testimony. 11 Would you say that? THE CLERK: There's also 12 written testimony from Jessa Lingel, 13 which will be incorporated into the 14 record. 15 16 17 COUNCILMAN JONES: Thank you for that. So this Committee on Public 18 Safety will stand at recess to the call 19 of the Chair. 20 Thank you all very much. 21 (Committee on Public Safety 22 23 concluded at 4:40 p.m.) - - - 24 25 STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 222 1 2 CERTIFICATE 3 I HEREBY CERTIFY that the 4 proceedings, evidence and objections are 5 contained fully and accurately in the 6 stenographic notes taken by me upon the 7 foregoing matter, and that this is a true and 8 correct transcript of same. 9 10 11 12 13 14 -------------------- 15 MICHELE L. MURPHY 16 RPR-Notary Public 17 18 19 20 21 (The foregoing certification of this 22 transcript does not apply to any reproduction 23 of the same by any means, unless under the 24 direct control and/or supervision of the 25 certifying reporter.) STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 1 A Abbottsford 182:17 ability 22:6 23:13 33:16 34:15 46:3 51:24 52:8 53:15 67:16 79:9 80:17 81:2,4,22 104:16 111:15 114:14 135:12 143:24 186:23 187:7 208:5 able 12:20 22:10 24:12 24:15 29:21 29:24 30:24 32:7,16 34:3,11 39:21 41:19 103:18 106:13 115:2 117:5 120:6 122:19 123:23 124:14 125:4 132:13 173:13,15 173:18,21 186:5 199:17 215:12 absence 92:17 117:4 173:3 absolute 113:10 absolutely 47:16 76:16 171:12 193:18 accept 202:9 202:10 accepted 63:5 access 38:10 38:12,19 46:13 59:4 88:7,21 89:24 95:7 104:12 126:12 127:8 129:10 160:20,24 173:25 179:19 180:9 186:15,21 191:22 192:25 193:6,7 accessed 166:14 accessibility 103:24 104:3,10,15 accessible 103:18 189:4 accessing 89:12 account 128:7,14 183:20 accountabil... 8:16 68:5 69:15 86:6 99:24 122:18 128:18 129:9 159:7 159:11 160:5 164:13 170:24 171:10 172:24 181:6 206:13 accountable 1:17 2:16 69:17 86:20 124:3 129:24 137:25 159:13 165:7 accounts 207:19 accuracy 81:23 accurate 146:5 162:24 accurately 222:5 accuse 200:16 accused 99:25 101:17 116:4,23 202:15 ACLU 167:20,21 170:14 181:2 act 124:2 161:2 199:13 acted 15:12 acting 218:24 action 20:8 64:23,24 146:18 206:18 actions 70:19 71:2 206:20 210:21 activate 139:6 140:24 198:3,6 activated 172:12 198:16 activating 169:21 activation 135:11 138:4 139:5 140:2,21 141:25 144:6 208:25 209:17 210:10 activities 17:9 214:9 activity 5:9 5:14 86:21 216:12,14 216:15 actor 29:18 actual 8:5 9:17 38:15 43:5 46:11 47:14 70:18 96:13 98:13 170:23 207:2 add 86:21 163:25 211:18 added 93:19 107:9 adding 94:20 addition 88:4 209:7 additional 14:22 51:21 77:16 91:14 94:5 108:18 163:11 186:8 188:10 Additionally 10:11 186:22 address 12:20 91:2 addressed 206:15 administrat... 72:15 85:20 208:7 administrat... 211:6 admission 207:20 admittedly 206:23 adopt 14:18 53:10 161:15 165:21 166:23 adopted 163:5 165:14 170:13 adopting 163:19 175:15 188:2 advance 36:23 133:13 144:3 advances 184:24 advantage 50:21 142:12 162:22 217:10 advantages 186:23 adverse 211:23 advised 55:9 145:9 Advisor 10:16 advisory 107:5 110:4 110:19 111:23 113:4 advocate 72:13 129:7 206:24 209:7,8 Affairs 11:2 15:20 63:17 70:24 71:8 72:21,23 73:3,6,16 73:20 143:15 affect 158:25 afford 41:25 African 207:14 aftermath 92:16 afternoon 7:13 36:9 82:17 83:13 agencies 38:21 80:11 80:14 136:16 144:18 183:19 184:4 185:5 185:24 186:11,18 187:25 agencies' 186:23 agency 80:12 136:8 aggressive 198:2 206:19 aggressively 140:12 ago 91:7 agree 153:24 175:7 211:15 216:21 217:11 219:15 agreed 221:4 agreement 43:11,11 44:13 214:12 ahead 19:22 74:21,24 122:3 aid 209:3 aiding 208:19 AL 1:12 Albert 207:17 alleged 202:17 allow 34:7 36:2 65:10 78:8 79:19 91:23 94:5 104:11 105:15 112:5 218:8 allowed 145:13 146:23 147:7 162:5 allowing 23:24 86:12 128:11 212:24 215:5 allows 67:11 160:24 162:14 alluded 75:20 75:20 alluding 65:19 106:3 alumnus STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 205:8 American 207:14 amount 44:10 65:11 80:8 148:13 152:10 165:16 186:6,24 203:9 amounts 67:22 165:11 185:8 analogy 4:10 analysis 106:15 113:12 and/or 115:18 222:24 anecdotal 101:10 anecdotally 102:19 Angeles 155:5,11 annual 191:21 192:7 answer 7:25 10:17 16:9 30:24 39:16 41:19 51:23 56:17 59:16 84:8 96:3 149:13 answers 62:9 antagonistic 61:13 anti-police 218:11 anticipation 40:9 antiquated 185:2 anybody 39:7 64:8 73:2 151:25,25 154:24 anyway 76:17 apart 174:23 apologize 152:24 app 79:22 apparatus 211:4 216:18 apparently 75:4 appeal 108:24 173:17 appeals 94:19 appear 83:14 92:11 108:11 115:15 162:23 applaud 210:5 applause 3:10 29:18,19 application 31:17,19 187:3 190:17 applications 183:6 187:17 applied 190:7 apply 222:22 applying 52:23 appointed 4:18 appointment 201:3 appreciate 108:25 114:5,24 118:17 158:12 175:9 215:14 219:5 appreciated 220:23 appreciative 176:12 220:18 approach 137:16 146:8,9 163:6 approached Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 2 118:7 133:3 182:11 194:18 approaches 156:9 appropriate 64:23 95:19 99:12 appropriat... 94:7 approximat... 18:24 approximat... 69:23 appurtenan... 43:25 April 15:19 archiving 184:15 area 5:14 9:2 9:5 28:25 66:23 106:6 188:10 191:12 areas 12:17 29:6 52:19 52:19 109:25 160:19 179:19 argument 209:6 Arizona 138:18 arrest 40:25 41:9 61:8 69:2 79:24 120:13 130:20 131:3,4 arrested 121:12,14 124:21 150:23 arrests 126:22 arrive 130:4 198:14 arrived 164:8 arrow 4:14 ascertain 124:5 asked 14:15 66:19 119:6 145:9 202:4 203:11 209:9 asking 64:15 76:23 162:3 162:6 asks 39:19 aspect 40:3 99:7 109:4 165:9 212:12 aspects 9:22 assault 187:11 200:18 assaulting 200:10 assessment 45:3 assigned 16:19 18:17 18:20 19:8 31:7 85:11 90:5 assignment 54:9 assist 11:24 189:8 209:10 assistance 91:3 134:8 152:5 202:4 Assistant 84:12,13 85:10 88:19 89:6,23 90:5 91:23 94:5 95:10 98:4 118:23 assisted 9:10 11:22 assists 92:25 associated 9:12 87:19 93:11 98:24 186:3,7 Association 99:4 112:3 118:5,24 119:3,12 169:24 assume 94:21 assumed 12:8 assuming 58:17 assure 60:4 attach 78:14 attached 88:24 attacked 200:6 attempt 39:15 200:7 attention 67:22 147:13 attitudes 184:8 attorney 4:8 6:24 26:24 54:23 55:3 56:8,19,22 58:25 82:16 82:19,20 83:11,20,21 96:14 97:16 97:21 98:2 101:24,25 102:8,16 103:10 108:25 115:11,23 117:13 149:19 173:16 174:2 Attorney's 26:6 38:13 46:16 82:8 84:5 88:17 95:19 112:5 attorneys 84:13 85:11 88:20 89:6 90:5 91:24 94:20 95:2 95:11 98:4 99:5 131:12 attractive 186:10 audible 22:22 audience 26:12 audio 30:13 30:17 31:14 31:20 56:20 67:2 187:14 audit 187:8 195:23 196:19 204:6 audited 177:20 191:20 auditing 169:8,17 170:18 172:2 187:12 audits 184:17 184:17 200:4 Authority 29:7 authorizing 1:14 2:9 authors 159:2 automatic 140:4 144:5 159:12 automatical... 30:18 165:15,18 availability 137:4 173:6 available 7:25 16:9 78:16 89:10 90:7 105:4 151:24 152:11 180:13 193:2 average 9:2 21:12 aware 44:13 87:20 130:7 131:17 132:10 142:24 143:6 181:15 205:11 Axon 13:19 13:25 14:5 16:23 B back 17:18 29:10,21,23 31:12,16 33:12 35:12 43:15,18 71:22 75:13 80:20 81:12 101:17 114:16,22 116:10,11 142:22 143:8,13 146:23 150:19 154:4 155:19 182:17 197:16 back-up 130:20,25 backed 193:22 background 130:14 backing 115:21 backs 216:19 bad 128:4 150:3 168:16 badge 19:9 badly 124:5 balance 87:13 147:11 161:18 166:25 balanced 14:16 Baltimore 164:15 bar 217:12 bargaining 40:13 based 38:16 70:18 104:25 105:2 123:21 158:21 183:9 184:13 192:17 bases 74:14 basically 19:10 20:9 23:2 24:20 35:23 40:2 basis 191:21 192:7 195:21 battery 20:25 21:20 22:8 battle 154:2 Beck 155:10 becoming 164:12 beep 22:19,22 began 195:10 beginning 19:12 53:14 55:16 120:22 122:15 124:7 128:24 129:4 130:11 138:20 178:2 202:12 212:18 213:7 begins 183:17 behaving 124:5 behavior 101:15 138:11 147:25 148:3,4 behaviors 111:6,7 196:22 belief 196:24 believe 26:2 32:22,24 33:8 39:5,6 49:7 54:15 61:16 78:10 85:23 99:22 100:12,25 101:4,11 105:13,21 106:21 108:8 117:16 129:6 153:4 STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 153:6 154:20 175:25 214:4,20 218:17 benchmark 196:13 beneficial 95:12 188:12 benefit 202:24 205:8 benefits 12:12 91:22 115:12 166:22 186:12 best 9:5 11:17 11:19 48:13 49:20 51:9 58:12 68:15 93:3 96:24 106:6,15 108:3 111:3 113:10 154:19 165:14 167:6 168:4 178:16 179:20 180:10 184:13 211:25 beta 97:16,17 100:3 Bethel 73:11 better 59:19 68:7 69:22 70:18 91:16 101:15,15 129:18,22 131:21 136:18,19 136:20 140:17 161:8 beyond 72:17 91:12 95:17 111:16,16 111:17 112:6 bicycles 79:7 bid 190:6 bidding 190:23 191:2 big 175:22 213:25 bigger 106:4 109:21 biggest 127:16 bike 20:5 bill 95:4 bit 21:8,8 28:3 106:5 106:9 108:24 116:12 119:7 130:14 199:18 217:13 bits 180:2 black 149:20 Blackwell 1:10 70:6 82:21 blighted 214:22 blinks 19:25 blithe 36:2 blocking 48:6 blue 33:21 79:18 blur 180:14 blurring 180:19 board 63:7 73:14 bodies 206:15 bodily 126:20 body 4:16 16:23,24 17:21,22 18:14 41:24 67:20 86:11 96:7 97:25 98:3 102:22 109:3,11 114:15 119:8 121:25 125:10 129:8 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 3 168:5,9 170:13,25 171:3 174:7 193:4 194:23 196:17 200:6,22 207:7 208:18 209:19 212:20 213:24 215:20,21 216:4,22 217:18 body-worn 1:16,17 2:12,15 7:19 8:9 9:7 9:12 10:3,6 11:10,16,25 12:9,10 13:14 15:17 16:2,5 31:6 45:14 63:13 64:9 83:16 85:18 86:3 86:8,16,23 87:4,7,14 87:17 88:4 89:14,21 90:2 91:11 91:22 93:8 93:12 95:13 95:16,21 99:7 102:25 106:25 119:14,23 120:17,21 121:3,8 133:25 134:9,22 135:24 136:2,11,16 144:19 147:19 150:12 152:3,6 159:3,6,24 160:9,11 162:2 164:4 164:8,16,19 164:23 165:3,10,24 166:19 183:8,16,18 184:3 185:7 185:13 187:4,21 188:3,18 195:9 196:15,21 bogged 94:15 Boston 164:15 bottom 21:22 99:22 Bowen 6:23 16:17,19 24:3 26:14 27:4,9,15 27:20 28:2 28:9,15,20 29:12,15,22 48:7,11 50:16 51:17 52:7,15 53:4 54:12 55:18 77:12 77:19 78:2 80:10 81:10 81:20 box 79:22 Boyle 84:9 brake 125:15 125:21 brand 189:21 Brandon 207:16,22 210:20 212:19 brands 17:5 breadth 179:2 breathing 53:8 brevity 7:12 bridge 109:7 bridges 111:12 brief 8:4 16:4 17:24 19:3 177:13,13 188:14 219:10 briefing 143:14,15 briefly 93:10 bring 43:17 48:25 81:13 134:13 175:7 188:10 206:2 207:7 209:5 brings 67:21 134:23 Brinkley 182:6 194:13,15 205:25 206:6,11 213:2,4,10 217:20 broad 66:23 137:16 198:9 broadening 109:18 broader 109:9 110:4 110:6,22 Brother 175:22 brought 4:21 5:8 50:17 175:8 188:18 brutal 206:19 brutality 207:12 210:23 bubble 97:18 budget 71:23 72:4 216:25 build 71:5 136:22 building 13:11 37:23 58:14 62:4 110:20 136:23,25 137:6,11,17 built 33:21 64:16 65:21 66:7 90:18 180:21 193:17 built-in 184:24 187:17 bulletproof 14:2 32:19 32:21 33:6 burden 93:19 185:12 burdensome 161:3 bureau 84:14 89:24 95:18 106:21 152:5 bureaus 95:17 burn 90:23 business 98:14 125:19 businesses 88:3 96:7 busy 89:22 219:18 button 21:21 81:8 buy 53:13 bystander 214:20 bystanders 180:15 C C-O-L-D-R... 133:22 cable 22:5,6 32:5 34:8 34:12 CAD 187:13 Cadillac 28:6 cajole 210:7 call 19:4,6 27:21 53:18 116:9 122:12,12 142:4,5 150:18 170:3,5 180:18 191:8 196:10 198:5,8,10 198:12,25 221:18 called 40:12 78:22 170:14 209:22 calls 141:3 162:25 170:2 cam 170:13 200:7 207:7 camera 7:19 9:21 11:5 11:16 13:14 13:18,19 14:9,12,17 14:17 15:17 16:2,5,24 17:5,7,21 17:22,24 18:6,8,10 18:14,17,19 18:20 19:7 19:13,20,24 20:2,2,10 20:25 21:2 21:14 22:13 22:23,24 23:16 25:2 25:4,21 26:7 30:20 31:7,12,15 31:20 32:9 32:13 33:16 35:4,11 41:25 43:14 43:15 47:22 49:11,21 52:12 60:12 62:3 63:4 63:13 64:9 68:24 73:12 77:9 78:20 86:17 87:4 87:24 88:4 89:14 90:2 91:11,22 93:8,12 95:13,16,21 96:19 97:25 98:14 119:8 119:14,23 121:3 123:15,17 124:24 125:11,11 126:2,4 129:8,20 130:18 134:9,22 136:16 141:13,22 142:4,6,11 142:15 143:6 144:20 150:17,21 150:25 152:6 154:25 160:11 162:2 164:2 164:16,19 164:23 165:10 168:5,18 169:4,15,18 170:4,6,25 171:3 172:10,12 173:7,8 174:7 183:16 184:3,24 185:13 187:5 189:2 189:21,24 189:24 194:23 195:13 196:15,21 196:23 197:18 198:7,15 199:6 200:22 202:8 211:3 211:3 212:6 212:8 cameras 1:16 1:17 2:12 2:15 4:16 4:21 5:2 8:6 8:9 9:7,13 9:17,22 10:3,6,20 11:10,25 12:9,11,23 12:23 13:4 STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. 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(215) 504-4622 custody 32:2 33:14 121:13 187:8 cutting 3:23 cyber 192:18 cycle 116:24 D DA 100:19 DA's 10:23 11:15 daily 17:9,11 Dallas 165:17 179:22 DAs 94:6 dashboard 78:24,25 79:20 data 8:13 23:10,11 65:10 79:3 103:17 181:3 184:15 185:7,8,25 186:6,24 189:8 190:19 192:5,23 193:11 daughter 3:6 day 6:3 13:7 20:14 49:25 52:11 86:10 101:22 139:10 148:17 169:19 195:14 218:20,21 219:18 days 41:3 69:4 165:19 165:21 185:16 DC 78:14 103:15 104:8 105:19 108:15 158:21 161:6 179:19 DC's 166:16 deactivation 135:11 138:5 deal 39:18 40:2 41:8 127:16 171:13 181:14 216:9 dealing 56:20 94:19 dealt 168:21 209:8 death 126:21 146:15 December 13:2 decide 70:25 160:22 decided 9:5 decision 34:22 90:4 149:24 211:2 decisions 76:25 87:23 102:3 154:9 154:9 216:25 deck 182:14 194:13 declare 59:10 decline 148:24 decreased 102:21 195:25 196:2,5,12 deeper 215:11 defendant 46:17 149:21 Defender 118:5,23,24 119:3,4,11 128:22 131:11 169:24 defenders 15:7 112:2 145:16 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 7 152:8 195:20 defense 90:7 90:12 98:9 98:17 101:24 131:11 defer 178:21 defiant 184:8 defined 187:7 definite 100:13 definitely 38:3 99:23 209:18 definition 26:22 delay 24:10 deletes 165:18 deleting 165:15 deliberate 5:21 62:25 74:13 175:13 207:23 deliberately 49:13 delicate 147:12 Delinquency 4:18 delivery 202:23 demanding 155:18 demarcating 163:13 demeanor 92:14 democracy 47:10 demonstrate 78:4 demonstrat... 78:10 88:21 demonstrat... 6:22 8:4 16:5,6,15 16:23 35:10 61:11 188:15 demonstrat... 181:15 deny 75:8 department 1:16 2:13 7:21 8:10 8:25 9:10 11:12,14,22 12:9 13:15 14:18 15:2 16:7 44:16 45:9 60:3 63:12 65:6 66:22 73:3 76:9,11 78:6 79:11 80:13 82:4 83:25 91:11 94:10,22 102:20 109:9,15,24 110:3,17,21 111:16,22 111:25 119:16,19 120:3,4,8 122:9,11,14 122:19 123:5 124:9 126:9,17 131:13,25 134:5,7 139:4 155:11,22 163:5,18 164:20 165:18,20 166:4,5,17 166:23 167:10 168:9 169:8 171:14 172:25 173:4,5,21 174:12 175:14 176:20 177:3,5 179:10,11 195:13 200:25 205:4,5,9 205:17 206:21 210:12 211:7 Departmen... 1:17 2:14 7:18 16:2 departmental 85:17 departments 44:9,17 79:12 106:13 119:13,15 134:11 140:6 154:23 156:8 159:17 160:12 161:8 164:14 165:13 167:8 179:25 191:11 196:14 213:25 216:16 depend 88:11 depending 21:9 25:25 26:4 48:19 93:25 depends 87:13 159:15 deploy 105:22 189:2 deployed 79:16 deployment 11:25 105:20 deputy 83:20 83:21 107:11,18 167:19 describe 92:19 described 167:4 description 146:6 designated 13:16 desire 136:6 desires 208:14 desperately 109:7 detailed 24:13 166:18 details 40:22 176:9 detect 214:25 detective 10:23 23:24 25:14,16,18 26:5 detectives 25:15 80:23 deteriorated 138:24 determinati... 13:25 determine 1:16 2:14 13:13 66:15 99:16 determined 171:25 determines 80:3 determining 88:23 90:9 134:25 develop 58:15 91:14 160:9 176:20 207:4 developed 9:25 185:11 developing 7:23 91:4 development 14:23 176:22 195:15 208:11 develops 183:5 device 19:18 79:5 193:6 devices 160:3 devil 176:9 dialogue 106:12 218:3 difference 93:9 114:13 different 5:5 6:10 12:11 17:23 21:6 23:15,22 56:3,16 65:24 98:22 107:14 109:24,25 116:12,13 135:9,20 140:21 149:4 156:7 156:9 168:2 190:2 193:23 216:11,13 216:20 217:8,9 differently 4:9 137:9 difficult 86:22 111:18 124:4 180:20 197:22 digital 11:11 13:22 16:19 87:21 88:15 90:12,18 98:15 107:15 183:7 digitally 187:18 diminished 128:19 direct 87:18 134:2 222:24 direction 38:4 directive 52:16,18,21 74:7 130:16 160:14,21 162:14 directives 53:7 directly 69:18 Director 31:6 133:23 167:19 disabled 34:6 disciplinary 60:17 65:12 discipline 168:19,23 169:13,16 170:21 172:14 198:20,21 210:8 discovered 100:7 discovery 88:12,15 90:8,12,19 95:9 99:19 discretion 160:22 discuss 7:17 91:18 discussed 80:2 163:24 219:14 discussing 72:8 discussion 84:22 85:4 117:24 132:8 discussions 108:2,6 131:9 176:25 177:5 disingenuous 63:14 disparaging 110:10 dispatched 197:11 displayed 19:9 disposal 142:9 disputed 207:12,18 208:20 disseminate STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. 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(215) 504-4622 11:12 13:23 15:6,13 16:20 45:8 45:22,22 46:11 59:10 59:10 85:22 86:19 87:4 87:21 88:5 88:8 91:17 92:13,18 93:4,8,21 95:21 97:20 97:23 98:15 101:18 102:12 106:24 107:2,15 115:16,21 117:3 136:14,18 136:20 137:7 146:7 149:19 165:5 183:7 185:20 187:3,12,19 187:22 200:7,16,17 222:4 evidence.com 41:13 78:23 evidentiary 11:19 165:6 184:11 evolve 156:21 evolving 97:4 111:4 exact 78:24 139:17 exactly 57:9 104:3 162:12 examine 8:8 examined 11:17 examining 1:15 2:11 example 4:5 39:22 50:13 58:22 60:17 65:10 68:17 103:15 125:8 136:24 165:17 166:9,16 170:10 172:17 202:14 examples 61:2 140:10 excellent 9:3 27:15 28:20 171:15,21 excessive 103:3 139:8 excited 16:22 exculpatory 98:18 Executive 108:5 182:25 exemplary 70:16 exhaustive 60:23 exigent 56:9 exists 173:6 exonerated 149:9 expand 95:15 expanded 11:10 45:13 expect 142:15 142:16 197:8 expectation 56:12,15 59:2 88:10 expectations 42:5 154:11 167:2 198:23 217:14 expected 93:24 expecting 123:16 expended 90:22 expense 137:18 expenses 98:23 expensive 99:7 165:9 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 9 165:12 180:14 experience 94:13 95:12 121:6 130:4 142:10 150:20 154:11 160:16 183:10 Experiment 134:3 experimenti... 96:22 expert 216:10 experts 7:20 16:7 explain 87:16 157:23 193:19 194:25 210:24 explained 117:6 explains 60:23 explanation 131:18 168:14 explicit 63:24 explicitly 60:25 61:20 exposed 17:25 18:2 18:3 express 153:14 expressed 159:22 extended 21:17 extends 91:12 extensively 84:4 extent 65:6 67:18 168:7 extraction 10:12 extrapolate 71:17 extreme 14:3 18:2,3 extremely 83:15 eye 26:23 142:23 eyes 26:21 eyewitness 161:24 207:19 F face 94:23 Facebook 158:4 faced 89:7 193:12 faces 157:3 158:3 180:14,20 facial 163:22 163:25 164:7,18 facilitates 208:3 facilitating 108:12 208:19 facility 99:6 facing 126:25 fact 5:9 13:5 56:20 60:12 65:12 67:10 67:24 81:16 86:23 108:4 109:17 110:10 115:16 123:10 124:20 125:21 127:24 130:13 169:21 202:3 204:5 209:22 factor 63:6 102:7 factors 68:2 facts 146:7 207:18 208:20 fail 92:11 121:9 197:9 failed 12:24 166:10 failing 129:3 failure 115:15 failures 14:6 fair 1:18 2:18 14:15 41:5 83:8,10 fairly 141:6 166:24 fairness 218:18 219:3 fall 107:13 fallen 107:17 falls 107:12 false 127:20 familiar 96:12 203:14 familiarity 122:7 familiarize 10:8 76:24 family 210:24 fan 47:8 far 36:11 37:5 43:6 44:3 51:11 88:5 105:5 105:19 107:19 119:14 120:4 122:10,23 127:16 130:3,5,6 132:8 150:8 180:5 185:11 fashion 169:20 fast-paced 189:10 faulty 125:14 favor 148:18 151:21 favorable 86:21 87:2 favorably 151:6,20 feasible 55:19 feature 34:7 features 10:9 17:6 22:11 187:6 191:6 fed 107:2 feed 142:22 feedback 37:3,4 53:9 63:16 67:11 67:19 68:5 69:8,9 110:5 112:16 120:7 feel 65:3 67:5 67:16 96:5 111:14 115:19 116:12 129:17 154:10 feelings 157:24 feels 108:8 feet 32:24 felt 65:24 92:20 female 200:6 fiber 42:14 field 89:17 121:3 fifth 165:23 fight 173:16 figure 57:22 58:21 62:11 68:14 72:15 96:23 103:16 113:2,10 figured 104:9 104:17 113:25 figuring 113:24 file 39:7 77:18,19 90:15 146:21 148:21 160:24 173:15 filed 103:3 148:17 files 10:12 90:20,23 91:5 192:23 filing 99:14 148:20 film 48:2 59:12 filmed 55:16 144:15 150:16 filming 47:20 final 13:7,9 13:24 151:23 168:8 finally 94:8 97:9 135:14 187:20 financial 39:10 183:24 184:22 185:12 financially 62:22 find 36:25 47:20 98:17 144:17 169:20 214:13 216:22 217:4,16 finding 11:7 113:3 148:2 findings 12:7 finest 213:6 fingerprinti... 96:10 finished 82:12 finishing 134:5 firearm 48:17 92:8 141:14 firm 188:8 192:15 firms 183:14 190:7 first 6:19,20 17:17 18:10 19:19 27:10 39:9 43:7 58:4 65:19 66:18 85:6 90:14 91:4 100:17 103:13 116:17 124:12 126:8 133:6 133:10 135:25 141:20,22 142:16 154:24 160:20 162:5 163:7 172:4 195:23 201:6 216:5 220:11 fiscal 93:11 five 72:3 79:13 160:18 flash 28:23 90:24 flip 212:17 floodgates 95:6 174:5 flowchart 10:19 flying 62:5 focus 9:11 72:18 134:18 167:24 focused 12:3 12:7 folks 68:18,20 74:5 110:7 112:17,19 112:22 113:23 114:10 115:4 195:20 197:23 203:10 follow 65:14 84:18 128:8 209:25 218:7 follow-up 51:21 172:13 followed 6:21 6:24 33:10 66:15 84:23 STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. 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(215) 504-4622 mode 20:11 20:12 22:25 model 13:13 152:7 179:24,24 models 4:13 9:21 10:6 modern 185:4 moment 149:5 Monday 1:7 monetary 41:20 money 41:16 41:17 93:13 93:14 97:11 149:16 157:19 174:15 202:19,20 monitoring 144:10 monitors 129:3 monthly 91:17 months 64:18 66:6 166:20 184:18 195:24 207:23 morale 8:25 morning 16:17 214:11 move 15:22 41:17 63:22 63:23 71:7 72:16 113:18 118:12 174:14 200:8 207:8 moved 43:23 moving 45:23 68:4 188:13 multi-functi... 11:7 multiple 76:8 93:25 multiplying 40:6 MURPHY 222:15 muscle 142:16 myriad 99:19 N NAACP 159:20 name 7:6,15 16:18 18:17 24:21 31:3 55:2 73:11 118:3,22 133:21 158:15,19 167:18 178:20 182:20,24 206:3,11 213:16,19 names 6:17 65:2 76:7 narrow 174:8 narrowing 44:24 nation 41:22 national 134:13 159:20,21 163:19 181:16 206:18 nationally 62:3 134:2 134:10 192:15 nationwide 167:5 natural 47:20 193:11 naturally 40:10 nature 109:6 164:3 naysayer 39:15 near 178:18 nearby 125:19 necessarily 63:9 68:21 69:16 94:3 100:10 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 15 110:9 126:7 129:22 134:15 153:18 necessary 9:6 need 14:22 24:9 27:9 40:25 45:18 51:2 59:3 71:9,9 94:17 102:5 113:2 116:19,20 137:14 168:25 170:11,18 182:17 192:24,25 198:21 208:22 needed 5:6,10 20:3 21:17 40:2 109:7 147:24 needless 208:2 needs 65:4 108:22 112:4 negative 156:5 negotiation 169:5 neighborho... 29:3 157:4 Nestel 170:14 178:4 182:9 194:9 195:3 195:5 196:9 200:11,14 200:19 201:9,11,18 202:2 203:8 203:16 204:4,11,21 205:7,12,15 net 100:7 network 26:4 33:17 34:19 34:20 35:24 206:18 networking 191:23 networks 192:6 neutralizing 184:7 never 31:19 35:4 110:24 112:23 new 34:9 44:14 47:23 58:18 60:3 74:21,22,24 75:3 139:4 139:8 158:24 160:3 164:5 165:24 172:17 191:18 197:21 211:12 219:25 220:4 newness 97:12 news 101:14 101:21 111:17 newspapers 112:7 night 24:25 78:17 nightmares 176:3 nodding 46:22 non-evident... 185:17,18 185:21 non-Internal 73:6 normal 49:2 95:9 normally 49:3 northern 3:2 note 84:23 122:5 123:2 noted 13:22 19:3 207:15 notes 222:6 notice 20:18 48:24 noticed 48:22 notification 144:13,19 notified 121:24 notify 144:14 November 130:8,9 220:2 nuances 176:12 number 6:4 7:5 12:15 41:3 43:5 71:15 78:14 78:15 93:5 93:6,22 103:2,12,14 106:7 110:7 137:24 139:17 147:16 151:23 166:9,11,13 168:11 171:22 191:11 209:9 210:18 numbers 19:9 105:18,23 105:25 113:23 numerous 9:16 O Oakland 163:4 179:23 objections 222:4 observing 33:13 34:25 obstructed 49:12 51:18 obtained 125:12 obviously 58:3 61:4 66:17,23 105:11 153:12 162:8 174:10 188:24 occasionally 17:25 occasions 181:17 occupy 182:16 occur 141:25 occurred 85:24 86:18 occurrence 92:2 occurs 145:20 192:6 212:19 odd 169:13 odds 109:15 off-color 169:14 offender 195:25 offenders 86:20 99:25 offer 67:25 86:11 135:21 186:13,23 offered 10:17 office 7:21 10:24,24 11:15 12:19 15:3,5 16:8 16:21 26:6 30:23 31:7 38:13 46:16 62:14 83:4 83:20,24 84:6 88:18 91:3,10 94:9 95:11 95:19 102:19 112:5 120:11 125:12 131:15 132:14 142:22 143:13,25 145:16 173:16,17 195:20 220:2 officer 8:13 9:4,11 11:18 15:15 17:7,13,17 18:9,13,15 19:19 23:24 25:20 26:10 34:14 40:23 47:15 52:8 60:18 61:15 69:19 71:20 73:10 78:5 81:15 92:7 101:18 123:11 124:2,6 126:2,3,16 127:4,5,6 129:10 135:11 138:5,10,21 139:25 145:21 146:16 147:3 148:9 150:20,24 153:7 156:25 161:20 162:19,22 169:15 172:12 173:10 175:3 183:2 189:3 196:2 198:11,15 200:6 202:15 209:11 212:2 215:2 218:24 officer's 71:2 86:10 92:4 officer-invo... 162:18 officers 1:18 2:19 3:24 5:19 8:22 8:23 9:18 9:21 10:13 10:15,18 12:25 13:3 13:5 14:10 14:13 15:12 17:8 18:11 19:6 21:13 22:4 23:2 24:17 25:9 28:25 36:22 39:23 40:8 40:23 47:24 49:7,21,25 50:10 52:10 52:11 53:12 53:15 54:2 62:16 63:7 64:25 65:14 65:24 67:13 68:6 69:22 70:19 71:14 73:4 78:8 78:25 79:7 79:7,17,20 80:16 83:17 85:17 87:7 89:13 94:2 101:4 106:23 121:8 123:8 124:24 125:5,5,16 125:17 127:19,24 128:8,11,12 128:14 129:5,24 130:15,21 130:21,25 131:20 137:25 139:6,15,21 140:12,24 141:20 142:2 143:18,22 144:13,21 145:4,13 146:12,19 148:15 151:5 162:14 163:7,10 166:10,25 168:15,17 169:5,9,20 169:25 STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. 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(215) 504-4622 says 55:18 81:16 126:17 128:2 145:19 149:21 175:2 200:25 scalability 186:14 scale 44:7 71:25 scared 189:16 scenario 100:17 scene 71:19 91:25 94:2 172:8,9 173:20 198:12,14 200:4 scenes 39:25 40:8 schedule 118:11 161:12 school 56:10 72:23 84:24 145:18 146:4 220:6 schools 145:17 science 13:10 16:21 158:22 Scorecard 159:4 160:10,16 179:10 SD 32:14 search 186:24 searched 202:18 seat 182:16 second 34:16 43:23 85:9 97:3 144:12 161:20 163:10 173:3 178:13,14 secondary 34:11 seconds 22:19 33:8 section 68:22 112:17 137:8 sections 113:22 secure 89:19 89:25 187:2 187:14 188:21 secured 85:22 securely 17:19 89:17 security 11:20 32:2 88:2 186:14 191:21,24 192:14 see 2:21 3:24 21:20 24:14 24:15 26:22 26:23 27:3 29:7,24 35:14,19 40:6 46:21 56:4 59:13 74:10 77:14 86:17 96:18 96:23 103:22 110:14 111:22 121:15 123:12 124:11,14 127:13 130:5,23 138:20 143:3,25 144:8 154:14 155:19 156:12 157:20 171:4 172:10 173:3,13,18 173:23 174:19 175:3 177:24 184:19 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 22 188:23 199:6 200:25 212:8 214:22 216:6 220:22 seeing 6:14 68:10 91:21 122:20,22 130:9,11 131:2,16 132:10,15 143:18 194:4 seen 86:15 121:7 122:25 134:16 135:5 142:2 157:5 166:3 178:9 184:4 203:16 sees 132:11 selected 13:18 14:11 197:14 selecting 13:25 selection 13:20 14:9 self 101:16 self-contain... 30:20 self-tag 78:9 sell 190:21 selling 180:23 188:4 send 42:16 sense 59:19 102:3 126:22 sensible 167:4 separate 46:12 SEPTA 119:16 120:3 122:8 122:14 123:4 124:9 126:9 130:2 131:22,23 170:12,12 172:4 176:23 177:15 178:4 182:10 194:9,10 195:6 210:5 214:5 215:20 216:3,13 217:18 SEPTA's 126:14 129:17 September 8:7 Sergeant 6:22 16:17,18 24:3 26:14 27:4,9,15 27:20 28:2 28:9,15,20 29:12,15,22 38:11 47:18 48:7,11 50:16 51:17 51:22 52:7 52:15 53:4 54:12 55:14 55:18 77:8 77:12,19 78:2 80:10 81:10,20 88:22 124:22 serious 126:20 146:15 155:17 serve 8:20 157:21 servers 93:15 193:6 serves 134:6 136:9 service 10:12 11:13 47:7 141:3 191:2 193:22 198:25 201:10 sessions 198:18,19 set 19:20 25:15 45:6 45:15 159:23 192:25 set-up 10:12 Seth 6:24 55:4 setting 187:23 setup 19:5,14 severity 156:2 sexual 187:11 shades 56:17 share 10:22 46:17 shared 90:4 sharing 65:7 shield 59:11 shift 6:7 89:15 shirts 209:21 shooting 41:10 146:14 shootings 162:19 209:9 short 74:12 148:12 165:16 shot 143:11 shoulders 215:10 217:3 show 2:25 8:5 18:11 20:18 22:5 23:6 85:5,9 86:20 92:4 115:19 130:18,21 130:22,25 169:4,6 201:4 214:7 showed 48:2 77:8 202:21 showing 19:24 92:25 117:7 125:21 130:2 199:13,15 shown 86:23 131:22 161:8 214:3 shows 102:2,5 128:15 side 49:23 73:6,15,17 73:24 155:23 158:2 212:17 sides 5:3 148:6 196:23 sign 110:11 187:19 Signature 183:3,5 significant 42:6 68:10 93:17,21 94:9 significantly 128:19 similar 20:12 79:21 94:23 164:21 165:22 209:13 simple 42:25 48:3 121:2 123:9 simpler 11:6 simply 42:14 86:10 159:13 simulate 22:15 26:13 sincere 208:16 single 43:14 179:24 189:3 singled 157:7 sir 7:14 27:17 37:14 77:12 78:24 142:25 182:16 200:11,14 201:12 203:17 204:4 213:4 siren 144:7 sit 27:5,7 63:10 194:17 209:14 210:17 site 61:8 sitting 4:22 22:15 26:9 143:8,17 210:2,24 situation 20:7 24:5 25:6 46:14 47:21 48:19 51:3 51:3 61:15 127:18 142:7 144:25 145:8,20 146:18 147:9 157:2 173:13 situations 12:11 93:3 102:21 116:25 122:16 126:11 141:19 143:23 189:5,11 six 64:18 66:6 166:20 184:17 195:24 six-month 9:20 202:6 size 25:25 skepticism 159:23 skew 161:22 162:9 sleet 18:4 slide 138:11 138:16,17 138:25 139:2 151:23 slides 133:12 slight 114:13 125:2 128:8 slow 94:3 161:3 small 176:11 smaller 41:23 smart 87:25 Snitch 158:3 snow 18:4 156:20 software 5:24 32:6 35:25 96:22 105:14 180:14,22 sold 180:22 solid 11:9 63:16 solution 184:12,17 186:3,9,18 187:22 193:10 somebody 24:5 27:11 27:21 52:4 143:12 157:3 170:7 171:5 212:7 somebody's 172:18 someone's 100:20 somewhat 137:8 son 212:21 soon 25:24 34:13 55:19 55:23 124:10 130:18 148:21 sorry 22:7 28:2 122:3 132:19 175:11 178:19 sort 106:6 125:4 Sounds 205:19 span 157:2 speak 27:11 36:20 44:15 STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. 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(215) 504-4622 33:24 44:12 57:23 64:3 66:5 81:24 100:18,19 104:20,25 105:17 109:2 113:22 121:21,22 124:23 131:15 139:15 142:6 168:3 180:19 200:21 208:10 210:19,20 212:15 216:17 tandem 39:3 tape 55:10 71:3 101:24 102:2 taped 55:7,17 67:2,2 Taser 13:19 13:25 14:4 99:2,5 163:23 task 11:6 tasked 8:11 Tate 212:20 Tate-Brown 207:16,22 210:20 Taubenber... 1:12 2:23 47:2,3,17 48:8 50:12 51:15,20 52:13 53:2 54:10,14 55:12 56:18 56:24 58:23 75:16,17,24 76:6,10,13 76:22 77:13 77:21 80:6 81:3,18,21 82:11,23 152:18,21 152:22 153:11,17 153:25 154:17 155:2 156:14 177:10,11 178:3,6,12 178:22 179:4,7,14 180:4 181:7 201:6,7,13 201:19 203:4,13,21 203:24 204:8 219:7 219:8 taxpayer 212:13 taxpayer-fu... 38:17 taxpayers 165:12 team 9:14 53:11 183:11 teams 189:4 technical 10:11 12:10 30:25 105:3 107:9 134:8 186:4 technological 66:24 technologies 158:25 164:8 technology 5:23 7:22 12:13,20 15:4 16:6,8 30:24 31:8 52:24 58:13 58:16 62:15 62:15 68:9 78:6 83:23 88:11 97:8 111:5 138:14 144:3 156:23 158:23 165:25 183:2 184:23 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 24 185:3 189:3 189:7 190:2 tell 18:5 20:24 28:3 36:22 54:17 63:11,14,15 108:10 113:14 132:13 144:21 145:7,8 148:14 162:4,6 171:18 197:18 209:15 telling 208:12 tells 20:10 22:2 temperature 63:20 temperatures 101:5 Temple 9:9 9:13 11:21 65:22 temporary 203:15 ten 79:12 tend 100:16 101:14 136:3 tension 67:23 terminal 79:3 terminals 23:10 terms 35:7 62:25 63:3 66:5 69:7,9 69:9 72:5 174:24 terribly 145:23,25 test 9:6 58:20 100:4 tested 17:22 21:4 testified 102:18 testifies 92:7 testify 6:18 92:13 115:4 157:23 158:19 167:15 182:2 212:24 testimony 7:7 7:12 8:3,4 12:18 38:7 46:22 54:15 59:6 82:8 83:3,5,6 92:5 102:10 103:11 104:7 118:13 142:21 158:11,15 175:19 179:18 181:10,13 182:21 188:11 191:5 194:5 206:5 208:9 213:6,17 221:5,10,12 testing 97:17 tests 191:24 thank 2:3 3:15 7:3 16:11,12 26:24 27:16 29:16 36:7 37:14,15,18 37:20,21 46:8,23,24 47:4,5,7 55:4 56:25 57:3,4 59:22,24 64:11 70:2 70:3,9 74:17,19 75:18 82:15 82:21 83:12 95:24 96:13 103:7,9 115:6,8 117:19,19 117:21,21 117:23,25 118:25 129:14 132:17,18 132:20,21 133:17 152:13,23 156:15,16 158:10,13 158:18 167:12,17 176:16 177:7,8,12 181:8,9,11 181:12,23 182:19,23 194:5,7 200:2 201:8 201:9,18 204:9,14,16 204:17 205:20,20 205:22,23 205:24,25 206:6 212:23 213:9,10 215:4,5 217:21 218:5 219:3 219:6,11,17 219:19 220:23 221:2,15,20 thankful 98:25 thanks 95:25 158:13 theirs 107:22 thing 17:17 19:19 32:3 40:12 42:8 49:9,15 52:22,23 69:21 76:4 76:18 77:4 77:5 81:9 92:19,22 100:15 101:9 105:9 109:11 111:9 112:9 113:5 123:16 124:16,16 135:25 145:11 150:7 155:7 170:21 176:9,10,11 193:13 198:11 203:2,3 209:14 217:15 things 3:19 4:9 5:22,25 21:6 23:22 35:24 36:24 39:2 42:20 49:10,20 57:7 62:2,8 62:10 64:10 65:25 66:13 71:4,11 72:12 104:22 105:13 106:10 111:17 112:12 113:2 114:7 134:19 135:13 137:3 138:6 138:7 144:11 147:20 148:12 153:21 157:12,13 170:17 171:11 174:15 178:7,25 180:24 201:16 210:7 213:21 217:11,12 219:14,15 219:24 220:20 think 3:22 5:17 48:3 50:10,10 51:10,25 54:2,16 58:4,12 60:9,11 64:25 68:6 72:11,23,24 75:5,21 76:25 77:2 80:7 81:22 84:21 85:4 85:5,13,19 97:13 98:22 102:9,18,22 104:14 106:2 108:9 110:9,10,12 110:22,25 111:9 112:9 114:5,9,22 118:2,12 119:20 120:10 122:16 123:2,5,20 124:22 125:3 126:22 129:23 131:8,10,22 132:7,10 133:6 134:20,21 135:20 136:9,15,21 137:10 138:3,4,15 140:9,19 142:8,15 144:3,5 145:14 146:11 147:10,19 148:7 149:11 151:8,8 153:15 155:4 161:17 162:21 171:12,13 172:20 174:22 177:15 179:9,23 180:9,17 196:14 199:23 200:18,22 201:6 203:19 210:18 211:10,16 212:22 219:13,22 thinking 145:21 third 33:13 34:25 35:8 142:23,23 163:22 192:7,10 Thirty-six 213:25 Thomas 182:9 194:8 195:5 thorough 13:23 thoroughfare 56:5 thought 48:4 66:2 73:21 98:21 102:23 124:23 127:10 141:21,22 145:17,18 146:4,17 147:23 149:4 150:25 153:3 154:19 175:24 thoughtful 175:13 thousands 5:19 threat 141:11 143:23 192:2 three 72:3 96:21 134:19 184:14 thrust 62:6 ticket 50:23 51:19 tickled 4:19 STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. (215) 504-4622 time 5:20 16:3 20:13 20:25 21:16 21:21 22:9 22:9 23:5 25:11 27:10 28:4,7 29:13 30:18 31:20 35:13 35:17,19,22 42:15 43:14 49:8 50:2 50:10 51:14 54:2 55:20 64:18 65:11 69:10 74:15 80:7,8 86:14 88:9 89:12 90:22 92:15 96:11 101:6,6 106:9 110:12,15 111:5 112:21 114:10 117:22 129:24 132:19 138:23 140:4 142:16 145:20,22 146:20 147:9 148:8 148:13 149:14,15 151:4 152:16 161:12 165:17 167:12,16 169:2,2 172:11 188:14 193:13 195:14 198:7 214:22,22 220:11,18 times 7:5 40:7 47:23 49:10 53:19 55:20 56:6 68:19 80:4 137:15 137:24 140:3 141:24 166:10 194:11 215:8 Tioga 24:22 78:11 title 2:7 today 3:4,16 3:25 4:16 5:3,17 6:16 7:17 16:22 58:12 59:17 80:2 83:5 83:15,19 84:9,22 85:14 96:2 119:2,5 134:21 137:24 145:16 147:22 158:19 159:4 180:6 183:3 188:18 193:15 194:11 195:18 206:23 219:14 token 62:7 64:7 218:13 told 102:25 122:13 tomorrow 156:20 tool 80:25 86:4 121:4 181:6 208:19 toolkit 152:6 tools 160:5 164:9,12 tooth 33:21 tooth-enabl... 79:19 top 74:3 79:12,13 topic 37:23 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 25 topics 9:16 total 21:3 209:3 touch 112:23 135:3,4 tour 18:12 19:12 20:15 21:11,16,17 21:19 25:10 53:19,25 towed 29:8 town 119:5 133:8 track 91:16 185:9 tracked 187:20 tracks 96:21 Traditionally 48:14 traffic 50:14 50:15 tragedies 111:16 tragedy 67:8 trail 11:9 187:9 trailblazers 4:8 train 133:8 152:15 156:18 training 10:7 10:11 20:21 47:14 49:18 49:19 52:17 83:22 95:16 120:20 122:6,17 145:25 170:8 177:21 training/ex... 61:16 transcript 222:8,22 transfer 8:13 25:3 90:11 90:15 transferred 78:20,21 Transit 182:10 195:6,12 translates 149:11 transmitting 189:13,14 189:19 transparency 8:16 120:16 136:6 146:8 146:11 159:7 161:17 172:24 188:5 transparent 1:17 2:16 120:18 124:17 129:7 trapped 185:2 traumatic 92:21 traveling 198:9 treatment 116:23 tremendous 84:19 152:10 184:19 199:12,19 202:3 203:9 Trial 90:6 trials 93:6 true 58:16,17 222:7 truly 111:12 trust 87:9,14 87:15 109:8 110:21 114:23 136:7 137:2 137:6 171:2 172:25 174:16 208:3 trust-buildi... 109:22 truth 87:6 102:24 145:7 truthful 145:9 148:21 truthfully 149:2 try 3:20 29:9 48:12,20 51:9 53:10 59:10 63:7 78:3 trying 42:21 58:9 62:11 68:14 75:12 80:12 96:23 96:23 97:7 106:5 113:9 113:18,19 131:19 197:16 212:11 turn 20:13 21:13,24 22:13,17 25:21 27:7 46:9 51:24 52:6,9,11 53:16,17,20 54:3,4,7 60:18 61:3 63:25 78:21 123:13,14 123:15,17 124:10,12 130:17,22 142:4,11 147:13 166:10 168:18 169:11 170:4 171:17 180:7 197:19,24 211:2 turned 20:19 60:12 64:20 64:21 94:18 198:24 turning 130:3 169:10 197:4 turns 52:5 126:19 TV 85:5,9 214:23 twice 20:10 193:23 two 13:4,6 21:12 32:23 38:18,21 46:18 57:20 58:10 72:3 125:16 133:25 135:15 136:3 137:11 140:3,9 144:4 145:17 156:7,8 175:6 177:13,14 193:23 207:15 219:17,20 type 17:12 19:5 104:22 176:7 189:2 193:11 types 17:4 98:15 103:4 216:19 typically 112:24 185:18 186:2 U ultimate 73:22,24 ultimately 76:25 116:11 unanimously 14:11 unanswered 62:8 understand 21:15 45:6 51:16 66:21 68:8 69:22 71:24 76:23 80:11 85:15 85:21 87:5 106:5 114:7 116:6,8,14 168:12 173:24 211:12,22 understand... 86:9 145:24 148:7 150:11 212:9 220:22 understands 42:23 85:7 140:16 understood 146:25 undertaking 42:25 unease 173:12 unfair 162:22 unfairly 41:4 69:6 162:25 unflagged 165:16,19 unfortunat... 49:10 206:19 unfurling 65:8 UNIDENTI... 26:17 27:18 27:24 28:5 28:13,18 29:11,14 uniform 17:16 187:22 uniforms 6:6 unintended 4:25 union 201:22 202:10 unique 86:11 144:25 207:5 209:6 211:18 unit 13:23 15:20 16:20 84:3 88:20 93:18 94:6 94:21 98:5 107:11,17 107:23 143:8 United 4:3,5 147:17,18 206:12 214:2 units 95:17 107:14 143:7 University 9:10,13 11:22 65:22 158:23 202:5 unnecessary 95:6 unneeded 165:11,15 unquote 208:15 unrolling 109:18 upcoming 104:7 upload 25:13 25:22 89:13 90:24 uploaded 25:3,25 85:22 143:10 uploading 40:3 45:17 Upturn 158:20 160:7 178:19 Urban 159:21 usability 9:16 11:23 12:10 usage 9:23 68:2 184:16 208:24 USB 22:8 23:18 use 4:10 8:9 9:12 10:3 11:10 12:2 12:10 13:16 14:3 17:15 18:7,16,18 20:13 34:8 78:23 90:10 103:3 114:15 STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. 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(215) 504-4622 wears 17:7 website 89:19 89:25 weed 127:18 week 125:10 150:15 welcome 3:9 31:2 175:16 welcomes 119:12 well-docum... 207:11 went 15:18 57:19 73:20 99:2 138:23 146:17 150:24 197:16 215:24 West 159:21 wetness 18:4 white 149:20 182:4,22,25 189:14,18 189:23 190:4,9,12 190:15,20 190:24 191:3,10,16 191:20 192:11,14 192:20,23 193:18,21 194:7 209:21 wide 26:11 157:2 wife 3:5 53:18 WiFi 33:19 33:20,21,23 34:2,4,5,8 34:10,11,16 34:20 35:21 35:24 WILLIAM 1:11 Williams 6:16 6:25 54:23 55:3,4 56:8 56:22 82:16 82:20 83:11 97:21 98:2 102:8,16 Committee Public Safety March 13, 2017 Page 27 103:10 109:2 115:23 117:13 118:2 132:23 174:3 181:25 194:6 215:24 willing 212:14 win 51:6 75:10,10 Wiretap 54:24 55:6 55:8 wisdom 218:5 wise 58:19 wish 180:15 wishes 161:14 witness 6:20 61:10 92:19 92:23 115:18 117:5,11 118:6,7,7 128:6 133:3 157:22 162:25 182:11,11 194:18 witness's 92:14,17 witnesses 59:11 92:12 133:3 156:24 157:24 163:3 194:18 219:20 Wolf 4:19 Wolfcom 13:21 women 158:2 183:14 wonderful 77:4 205:8 wondering 103:20 115:14 210:3 215:15,19 216:3 word 53:7 135:15 218:6 words 50:25 86:7 140:18 174:4 212:11 work 10:19 15:11 33:22 34:2 39:2 40:13 44:2 47:9 58:20 60:5 99:20 103:13 106:8 111:25 117:23 119:12,17 119:24 128:23 145:24 150:9 160:15 208:14 worked 83:23 84:4 125:22 134:10 209:16 working 8:8 8:11 57:17 65:21 78:5 84:20 91:8 94:25 127:11 160:16 191:10 workload 89:7 93:18 works 50:5 51:10 150:6 168:12 174:24 worn 63:18 worry 198:11 worsen 174:19 worst 93:3 worst-case 100:16 worth 153:16 153:17 wouldn't 25:12 32:20 34:2 42:17 100:22 137:17 wound 92:24 200:9 wrap 166:21 write 70:15 127:9,12 137:3,7 203:7 writing 50:19 127:20 128:12 162:15 221:5 written 64:13 83:6 118:13 123:9,24 126:13 129:16 140:7,14,15 162:15 163:8 168:13,19 221:9,12 wrong 97:13 153:5 170:21 212:7 215:2 wrote 75:25 76:11 125:15 127:14 203:8 X X 41:3 Xfinity 34:4 Y yeah 35:3 37:10 141:17,17 143:5 154:7 155:5 178:6 179:17 203:24 204:23 206:6 year 15:24 46:5 57:25 58:10 66:6 130:8,9 144:4 163:23 184:18 year-long 43:9 45:3 45:25 years 91:7 139:13 183:10 213:3 yellow 21:25 yesterday's 185:2 York 74:21 74:22,24 75:4 young 3:7 112:24 157:25 Yu 132:25 158:16,16 158:20 177:4 179:5 179:9,17 180:9 Z zero 114:15 0 1 1:20 1:7 10 32:22 100 57:7 139:19 146:10 11 12:22 12 21:2,4,5,15 13 1:7 15 13:3 32:24 161113 1:14 2:9 3:1 4:1 5:1 6:1 7:1 8:1 9:1 10:1 11:1 12:1 13:1 14:1 15:1 16:1 17:1 18:1 19:1 20:1 21:1 22:1 23:1 24:1 25:1 26:1 27:1 28:1 29:1 30:1 31:1 32:1 33:1 34:1 35:1 36:1 37:1 38:1 39:1 40:1 41:1 42:1 43:1 44:1 45:1 46:1 47:1 48:1 49:1 50:1 51:1 52:1 53:1 54:1 55:1 56:1 57:1 58:1 59:1 60:1 61:1 62:1 63:1 64:1 65:1 66:1 67:1 68:1 69:1 70:1 71:1 72:1 73:1 74:1 75:1 76:1 77:1 78:1 79:1 80:1 81:1 82:1 83:1 84:1 85:1 86:1 87:1 88:1 89:1 90:1 91:1 92:1 93:1 94:1 95:1 96:1 97:1 98:1 99:1 100:1 101:1 102:1 103:1 104:1 105:1 106:1 107:1 108:1 109:1 110:1 111:1 112:1 113:1 114:1 115:1 116:1 117:1 118:1 119:1 120:1 121:1 122:1 123:1 124:1 125:1 126:1 127:1 128:1 129:1 130:1 131:1 132:1 133:1 134:1 135:1 136:1 137:1 138:1 139:1 140:1 141:1 142:1 143:1 144:1 145:1 146:1 147:1 148:1 149:1 150:1 151:1 152:1 153:1 154:1 155:1 156:1 157:1 158:1 159:1 160:1 161:1 162:1 163:1 164:1 165:1 166:1 167:1 168:1 169:1 170:1 171:1 172:1 173:1 174:1 175:1 176:1 177:1 178:1 179:1 180:1 181:1 182:1 183:1 184:1 185:1 186:1 187:1 188:1 189:1 190:1 191:1 192:1 193:1 194:1 195:1 196:1 197:1 198:1 199:1 200:1 201:1 202:1 203:1 204:1 205:1 206:1 207:1 208:1 209:1 210:1 211:1 212:1 213:1 214:1 215:1 216:1 217:1 218:1 219:1 220:1 221:1 17 43:12 57:19 190:7 17th 73:10 1800 24:22 78:11 19 196:5,12 1981 28:6 1984 175:22 STREHLOW & ASSOCIATES, INC. 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