t0 about ?25 percent of the total in 1980. Projections into the future show further decreases in the North Atticrican percentage. According to the Electric Power Research lnsti~ tute. by the year 2000 North Amer? imn sources will account for only about )5 percent of the total world- wide CO: emissions. These projec- tions take into account the rapidly increasing population and energy use in developing countries and in- creased industrialization in the, So- viet Union and Asia. All of this is not to suggest that rational public policy cannot be crafted to address the issue, We strongly advocate a holistic ap- proach to the issue. Our industry strongly supports rational energy policies that address global environ- mental issues by encouraging inter- national cooperation and by contributing to the development of a diversity of energy sources. The electric utility industry is aggres- sively pursuing several paths which are designed to meet the nation?s energy needs while reducing atmos- pheric emissions. in fact, we are in the process of preparing a set of policy recom- mendations to be released shortly, and a good many of these recom- mendations are consistent with the. approach taken in various sections of 8.324. While most of this forth- coming report will focus on future capacity needs, the reeommenda? tiuns which will be presented are entireiy consistent with the exten? sive efforts by electric utilities to promote energy efficiency. In this report, the promotion of energy efficiency as a matter of na? tional policy in all sectors of the economy is given first priority. It is important to underscore?in the strongest possible terms?that this industry, its customers, and its reg? ulamrs have combined to achieve All of this is not to suggest that rational public policy cannot be crafted to address the issue. We strongly advocate a holistic approach to the is- sue. Our industry strongly supports ra- tional energy policies that address global environmental issues by encouraging international coop- eration and by contributing t0 the development of a di- versity of energy sources. The electric utility industry is ag- gressively pursuing several paths which are designed to meet the nation ?3 energy needs while reducing atmospheric emissions. substantial improvements in the ef- ficient production and use of elec- tricity, and that energy efficiency plays a crucial role in our indus- try's strategies for an adequate, reliable, affordable, and environ- mentally sound electricity supply for the future. The history of this industry clearly demonstrates our long-term commitment to energy efficiency. As an example, the number of util? ity-sponsorcd programs designed to increase customer end-use effi- ciency has increased from about 134 in 3977 to nearly 1,300 today. These efforts cover all market set tors in a wide variety of ways. They range from the provision of informational materials for customer use to direct control ofcustomt'r loads. They run the gamut from mass media adver' Iising to on-site energy audits. They include incentives ranging from al< ternative pricing structures to di- rect cash rebate payments for the purchase of high efficiency end-use equipment, zero or below-market interest rate financing of efficiency improvements. sltarcd savings pro- grams, direct marketing of new ef- ficiency technologies, construction design assistance and guidelines, irv rigalion pump testing, re-leunpiog programs, and many others. This listing is incomplete but is, never- theless, illustrative of the broad range of activities by which we ag? gressively seek to improve energy efficiency. The electric utility indus- try now spends in excess of $1 hil? lion per year in support of these efforts, and the amount continues to increase. The result of these efforts is no less impressive. The capacity sav- ings which are a direct result of these efforts since [977 are esti- mated at more than 21.000 Illega- watts to date and are projected to exceed 45,000 megawatts by the year 2000. ll one were to assume a very conservative construction cost for new cap: city of $1,000 per kil? uwatt, this means that something on the order of 32] liillion of new investment has been avoided so far and as much as $45 billion will be saved by the. year 2000. By any rational standard ofjudg- ment, this record of accomplish- ment is indicative of a serious and long~term commitment to energy Perspectives/May-June 1989 efficiency. Further, electric utilities continue to work closely with our state regulatory commissions and our customers to find ways in which energy efficiency and load manage- ment programs can be improved. This means development of new and more efficient end-use applica- tions, as is done at the Electric Power Research Institute, hacked by industry