Timber Harvest in Wisconsin In 2012, Wisconsin produced 2.2 million cords of pulpwood annually, most of which was hard maple, soft maple, aspen, red pine, and red oak. This is a 3% decrease from 2007 pulpwood production. On public lands, 2.5% of county forest, 1.7% of state forest and only 1.0 % of national forest accessible acres were harvested in 2014. Harvested volume per acre is highest on state lands but value per acre is highest on county lands. There are approximately 630 million oven-dry tons of biomass in Wisconsin, 58% of which is located in the northern part of the state About ⅔ of this is considered merchantable.  How much pulpwood do we produce? Pulpwood production by species and region of the state  How much fuelwood do we produce? Fuelwood production by species and region of the state  How much wood do we produce on state and county lands? Number of sales, acreage, pulpwood and sawtimber volume and value of sales  How much wood do we produce on national forest lands? Volume of roundwood by product  What kind of forest products do we harvest? Roundwood production by species group and product  How much woody biomass do we have and where? Biomass (oven-dry tons by species group and region of the state Division of Forestry WI Dept of Natural Resources 6/2015 “How much pulpwood do we produce?” Pulpwood production by species and region of the state Pulpwood production decreased 3% from 2007 to 2012 (Table 1). Table 1. Pulpwood production by species (standard cords) accounted for 70% of pulpwood: hard maple, soft maple, aspen, red pine and the red oaks. 2007 2012 Percent change Hard maple 313,709 369,507 18% Soft maple 310,678 329,326 6% Aspen 375,838 311,387 -17% Red pine 160,380 238,594 49% Red oak 233,617 217,980 -7% Paper birch 242,602 148,438 -39% Ash 89,906 127,930 42% Jack pine 70,425 127,734 81% Basswood White pine 73,567 81,551 11% Yellow birch Balsam fir 58,361 67,281 15% White oak Spruce 80,274 42,113 -48% Hemlock Hemlock 15,791 27,355 73% Spruce White oak 49,364 18,937 -62% Balsam fir Yellow birch 27,641 12,841 -54% White pine Basswood 82,835 11,120 -87% Jack pine Tamarack 5,221 6,908 32% Ash Paper birch Among major species, some of the largest gains in pulpwood production were for hard maple, red pine, ash and jack pine and some of the largest losses were in aspen, paper birch, spruce, white oaks and basswood pulpwood (Chart 1). Pulpwood production by species Elm 19,059 3,426 -82% Beech 2,557 2,678 5% Red oak Red pine Northern white-cedar 352 1,612 358% Black cherry 567 1,504 165% Hickory 442 1,461 230% Cottonwood 245 105 -57% Black walnut 247 70 -71% 2,216,451 2,152,559 -3% Total *Standard cords unpeeled , not including composite Source: Ronald Piva, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul MN Five species groups 2012 2007 Aspen Soft maple Hard maple 0 50 100 150 200 250 Thousand cords Chart 1. Pulpwood production by species Source: Ronald Piva, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul MN 300 350 400 “How much fuelwood do we produce?” Fuelwood production by species and region of the state Table 2. Residential fuelwood production by region of the state (standard cords) North South North South Species Central Total west east east west Red oak Aspen/balsam poplar Hard maple 150,046 101,444 85,838 71,692 73,437 482,457 19,826 40,788 7,411 67,859 4,217 140,101 25,685 45,677 5,102 47,665 5,812 129,940 White oak 38,756 10,167 35,050 1,680 14,150 99,803 Soft maple 19,847 27,436 23,753 19,426 8,011 98,472 Paper birch 1,673 23,401 19,701 19,329 5,097 69,202 Elm 11,196 4,664 20,972 13,466 11,733 62,031 Ash 2,782 7,995 31,005 1,594 4,888 48,265 White pine 3,612 1,201 15,327 476 1,644 22,260 Jack pine 8,126 6,177 19 2,235 822 17,379 Yellow birch 1,445 5,703 -- 4,441 572 12,162 Red pine Other hardwoods Black walnut 2,696 349 8 923 7,810 11,786 136 6 6,811 241 78 7,272 539 -- -- -- 5,155 5,694 Hickory 266 1 2,153 1,910 62 4,391 N white-cedar 202 -- 4,172 5 -- 4,379 Black cherry 13 1 2,337 23 1,844 4,218 Basswood 40 1,205 836 2,098 -- 4,179 Beech -- -- 100 472 -- 572 Spruce -- -- -- 250 -- 250 Cottonwood -- -- 189 -- -- 189 286,886 276,212 260,785 255,785 145,332 1,225,000 Total Source: Ronald Piva, USDA Forest Service, North Research Station, St. Paul MN White and red oaks account for almost half of fuelwood production with maple and aspen making up another 22% (Chart 2). Northwest and Central Wisconsin produce about half of all fuelwood (Table 2). Fuelwood production by species 2009 Basswood Black cherry Northern white-ce dar Hickory Black waln ut Other hardwoods Red pine Yellow birch Jack pine White pine Ash Elm Paper birch Soft maple White oak Hard maple Aspen/balsam poplar Red oak - 100 200 300 400 Thousand cords Chart 2. Fuelwood productionby species ( thousand cords). Source: Ronald Piva, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul MN 500 “How much wood do we produce on state and county lands?” Timber sales on state and county lands in Wisconsin State and county forestlands generated about $46.8 million Of the 2.4 million acres of county forests, 49,593 were harvested in 2014 (a decrease of 2.8% from 2013). The value of this timber, however, was up 12.5% over 2013. Of the approximately one million acres of state land, 16,530 were harvested in 2014 (a decrease of 2.3% from 2013). Stumpage value increased over 4% from the previous year. Cord equivalents for public sales County forests State forests Other state lands 1,250 88 73 Thousand cords worth of timber revenue in 2014 (Table 3). Although county lands accounted for 75% of total sales and cords sold, sales on state forests are larger (92 acres per sale compared to 68 on county lands) and generate higher revenues per sale. County forests, however, generate more revenue per acre. 106 1,000 44 79 750 151 153 237 138 155 33 102 1,013 500 730 829 861 835 677 250 0 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Chart 3. Cord equivalent sales on public lands. Source: Joe Schwantes,County forest specialist, Dept of Natural Resources, Madison WI Table 3. 2014 completed sales on public lands ("B" notices) # Sales completed # Acres harvested Acres per sale # MBF sold # Cords sold All products: # Cord Equiv Stumpage value Value per sale Value per acre State Forests 103 9,460 92 1,470 151,214 154,503 $6,246,162 $60,642 $660 Other State Lands 131 7,070 54 2,942 131,150 137,676 $4,836,208 $36,918 $684 County Forests 727 49,563 68 20,998 814,137 860,884 $35,680,651 $49,079 $720 Total 961 66093 69 25,409 1,096,500 1,153,063 $ 46,763,020 $48,661 $708 Source: Joe Schwantes,County forest specialist, Dept of Natural Resources, Madison WI “How much wood do we produce on national forest lands?” Volume of roundwood by product on federal lands Only 8,277 acres were harvested on the Chequamegon and Nicolet Volume of roundwood products on National Forest land national forests in 2014 compared to over 66,000 acres on state and county lands (Table 4). Total stumpage value in 2014 was about $5.7 million on federal lands, compared to a total of $57.8 million on state and county lands. 1997 2002 2014 Million cubic feet 14 A comparison between the federal, state, and county shows that not only are the national forests harvesting only 1.0% of their accessible acreage annually (compared to an average 2.0% for state and county), but the average volume and sale value per harvested acre are also lower on federal lands. 12 10 8 6 4 2 Sawlogs Harvest on the national forests by product in 2013 was: sawlogs – 2,554 mcf, pulpwood – 7,273 mcf, fuelwood – 415 mcf and miscellaneous products (biomass) – 105 mcf (Chart 4). Pulpwood Fuelwood Miscellaneous products* *Miscellaneous products include green and dry biomass. 1 Chart 4 . Roundwood production on national forest lands. Source: Kristi Keach, Timber Resource Specialist, USDA Forest Service, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forests (FY14 data) Table 4. A comparison of harvest levels on federal, state, and county lands (2014). Landowner Forest service1 State 2 County 1 2 2 Total acres forested Total acres harvested Percent of forested acres that are harvested Volume harvested (cord equiv) Volume per harvested acre (cord equiv/acre) Total sale value Sale value per harvested acre 1,319,000 total (864,000 legally accessible) 8,277 0.6% of total acres (1.0% of accessible) 124,386 (59,826 MBF) 15.0 $5,674,619 $686 979,081 16,530 1.7% 292,179 17.7 $11,082,369 $708 1,989,975 49,563 2.5% 860,884 13.0 $46,763,020 $720 Sandra Avedisian, Timber Resource Specialist, USDA Forest Service, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forests (FY14 data) Source: Joe Schwantes, County forest specialist, Dept of Natural Resources, Madison WI (2014 CY data) “What kind of forest products do we harvest?” Wisconsin’s roundwood production by species group and product Total roundwood production was approx. 383 million cft in 2009-2012, of which 82 million is fuelwood and 300 million is industrial roundwood (Table 5). Pulpwood accounts for 44% of roundwood (Chart 5). Sawlogs and veneer make up an additional 21% of production. Both have fallen about 23% since 2004. Fuelwood production has more than doubled. Table 5. Total roundwood production (thousand cft) by species group and product (2009-2012). Pulp wood 24,600 29,191 12,644 Aspen Hard maple N red oak 26,017 Soft maple 18,849 Red pine 11,727 Paper birch Basswood 878 Jack pine 10,091 Ash 10,106 Other red oaks 4,577 1,496 White oak 6,443 White pine Balsam fir 5,315 Elm 271 3,327 Spruce 1,014 Yellow birch Hemlock 2,161 Black walnut Black cherry 119 Hickory 115 N white-cedar 127 Minor species 984 Total a Comp Saw Veneer Other panels logs logs indus 34,775 8,186 101 256 246 13,494 1,209 48 8,386 825 84 205 3,949 39 40 175 15,792 0 1,308 177 1,380 432 51 4,854 3,015 97 7,124 87 4,362 1 94 2,234 59 66 2,750 270.6 3,411 259 165 465 2,921 17 888 239 242 1 242 4 1 47 977 18 10 1,133 44 0 1 269 0 600 144 0 638 90 0 402 74 0 5 12 1,038 199 211 170,052 41,299 75,421 67,918 44,188 21,939 30,249 36,124 13,767 15,969 14,635 12,465 7,597 5,331 10,733 5,797 518 4,369 2,202 2,431 744 847 591 133 2,445 Resid fuelwda 9,807 9,096 22,654 6,893 825 4,844 293 1,217 3,379 7,430 6,986 1,558 0 4,342 18 851 0 399 295 307 142 562 77,725 53,284 44,593 37,142 36,949 18,611 16,262 15,852 15,844 15,027 12,317 12,291 5,797 4,860 4,387 3,053 2,431 1,143 1,142 898 275 3,007 3,865 10,355 300,992 81,898 382,890 Total Total Residential fuelwood is from the U.S. Energy Information Administration . Note: The pulpwood and composite panel are from 2012. the saw logs, veneer logs, and other industrial products are from 2009. Source: Ron Piva, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul MN 2009 data Volume of roundwood products by type 1999 2004 2009-2012 250 200 Million cubic feet Species 171 150 79 100 41 50 - 82 10 Pulpwood Composite products Sawlogs & veneer Fuelwood Misc prods* Chart 5. Volume of roundwood products. Numbers for pulpwood and composite products are from 2012. Numbers for sawlogs and fuelwood are from 2009. *Miscellaneous products include posts, poles and pilings. Source: Ronald Piva, USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul MN “How much woody biomass do we have and where?” Biomass volume by unit and species group There timberland in Wisconsin in 2014 (424 of which was classified as merchantable). This is an increase of 94 million ODT or 17%, since 1996. As with volume, most biomass is located in northern Wisconsin (58%) with lesser amounts in southern (24%) and central (19%) parts of the state (Chart 6). Table 6. All live tree and sapling aboveground biomass on forestland (million oven-dry short tons) by species group and region of the state . Northeast Northwest Central Southwest Southeast Total Ash Aspen Balsam Fir Basswood Beech Black cherry Black walnut Cottonwood Elm Hard maple Hemlock Hickory Jack pine Other red oaks N red oak Nwhite-cedar Paper Birch Red pine Soft maple Spruce Tamarack White oaks White pine Yellow birch Minor species 10.0 17.7 5.6 6.3 0.6 1.8 0.0 0.2 1.2 35.5 5.7 0.2 1.2 3.9 11.3 6.7 4.9 11.0 19.4 4.9 3.5 0.7 9.9 3.7 1.7 15.5 25.9 5.2 7.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 1.7 31.7 2.8 0.2 1.9 5.3 18.7 3.3 6.0 8.9 28.6 4.4 3.8 6.5 6.3 5.2 2.8 6.3 7.4 0.4 2.3 0.0 1.9 0.1 0.1 1.8 5.6 0.7 1.7 2.3 16.8 11.7 0.7 2.1 9.2 20.7 0.6 1.1 11.5 9.8 1.0 3.3 4.5 4.1 0.0 3.6 0.0 3.4 2.1 0.7 5.7 6.6 0.0 7.1 0.1 6.1 14.9 0.0 2.3 1.5 5.4 0.3 0.0 14.6 2.2 0.1 7.1 9.2 2.1 0.1 2.2 0.5 2.8 1.3 0.6 2.4 3.9 0.4 2.2 0.0 2.2 3.7 2.5 1.0 0.8 4.2 0.3 0.2 7.3 1.8 0.5 5.0 45.5 57.1 11.3 21.4 1.2 11.5 3.5 1.6 12.8 83.4 9.6 11.4 5.4 34.2 60.2 13.2 16.4 31.3 78.3 10.5 8.6 40.6 30.0 10.6 20.0 Total 167.8 193.2 119.1 92.3 57.3 629.6 All live biomass on timberland 1983 1996 2004 2014 200 Million oven dry tons Species group were 630 million oven-dry tons (ODT) of biomass on 150 100 50 Northeast Northwest Central Southwest Southeast Chart 6. All live biomass on timberland (million oven-dry tons). Source: USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis data. For a table of Biomass by County for 2012 go to: http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/ForestBusinesses/documents/tables/BiomassByCounty.pdf