JEFHWAL W, A We; ADP246 I CONFIDENTIAL (Cc 2: PAGE 01 SEOUL 07402 01 OF 10 1013212 1? . ?9 ACTION EA-12 (1 i . INFO OCT-O1 ADS-00 CIAE-OO DUDE-00 NSAE-OO NSCE-OO SSO-OO ICAE-OO INRE-OO PM-OS H-01 INR-1O L-03 SP-02 55-15 HA-Os IO-14 Pc?01 Dos-06 OF SYE-OO /083 LEP MR 03593.0? - 015901 1013342 /4p ?my E0 0131?? . . to 0 1009432 JUN af?x?; FM AMEMBASSY SEOUL DENY ?Sm mm w/?T?Ts' or 1 9 9 TO SECSTATE IMMEDIATE 6939 1r.) CLASSIFY as )8 or( ,cblb?k? INFO AMEMBASSY TOKYO Pom Exemptions 18 3 . COMUSKOREA SEOUL Exemp?ons/ 000000 SEOUL KS PA SA CINCUNC KS .. I I A SECTION 01 0F 10 SEOUL 07402 . . . .00. - . 4, 50,32,095: RDS- 6/10/ 0 (MONJO. JOHN C.) OR-M 2 7 . . TAG PINSRIOT ?00000 1. TEXT. 2. AN ACCOUNT OF THE KUANGUU RIOTS COM- 3 A fax/g . PIDEG Eh; I LONG ACOUAINTANCE 9 THE EA. WAS IN THROUGHOUT THE PERIOD ,0 0. orngauaLE AND, I TL THIS IS THE MOST BALANCED 8/ RECORD AND ANALYSISEF CIDENT wE HAVE SEEN SO FAR. HE - 8' .0000. . STILL. I 0 000000 SHOULD HANDLE REPORT 0 .0000. 0 . 8 3 BEGIN QUOTE: ABBREVIATED RETROSPECT OF THE EIGHTEENTH AT KWANGJU. KOREA. BEFORE MAY 18TH: IN THE SPRING OF 1980 IN KNANGUU THERE HAS A GREAT DEAL 0F PAGE NO. 1 '1 . . . TITTMTITLWI CAMPUS UNREST WHICH WAS FOCUSED ON ISSUES WITHIN THE VARIOUS INDIVIDUAL CAMPUSES. WHETHER OR NOT THERE WAS A LINK OR ANY RELATIONSHIP. THIS ANTAGONIST STANCE WITHIN THE INSTITUTIONS WAS FOLLOWED BY A REVIVAL OF ANTI-GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY. ON THURSDAY. MAY 15TH. STUDENTS HELD A LARGE ANTI-GOVERN- MENT RALLY WITH SONGS. SLOGANS. MARCHING, AND IN THE EVEN- ING A TORCHLIGHT PARADE. ALL DIRECTED AGAINST THE YUSIN CONSTITUTION AND THE CONTINUED IMPOSITION OF MARTIAL LAW IN KOREA. THE ROUTINE AIR-RAID DRILL HELD ON THE 15TH OF EACH MONTH WAS CANCELLED THIS DAY. RIOT POLICE WERE OUT IN FORCE IN KWANGJU BUT TOOK NO ACTION OF ANY SORT. SIMPLY WATCHING PASSIVELY FROM THEIR POSITIONS. ON FRIDAY. MAY 16TH. CERTAIN STREETS IN KWANGJU WERE COROONED OFF. AND RIOT POLICE WERE IN EVIDENCE. IN THE EVENING THERE WAS A TORCHLIGHT PARADE AND SHOUTS AND SONGS AGAINST MARTIAL LAW AND AGAINST CHUN TU HWAN BY NAME. (ONE BILINGUAL HEARER Is CONVINCEO THAT THE WORDS HE HEARD TO GOT PEACE LIKE A WORDS CHOSEN FOR THE PROTEST.) ND POLICE ACTION APPEARS TO HAVE BEEN TAKEN. THE RALLY WAS OVER BY :oo CONFID NTIAL CONFIDENTIAL PACE-63.. SEOUL 07402 01 OF 10 1013212 ?'Ooo. NDT. MISSIONARIES WISHING TO GO TO FOUND BUS TICKETS COMPLETELY UNAVAILABLE AND WERE TOLD THAT IT . VA: ON.ACCOUNT OF SOLDIERS GOING TO GOING BY TRAIN . ,g ON SKTURDAY, THEY ao?jer THE IRAIN. SE BEHAVIOR GREW PROGRESSIVELY UNRULY To THECIVILIAN PASSENGERS AND THE SHEDDING OF I N0 OFFICERS WERE IN EVIDENCE. . . IN WAS QUIET. ON SATURDAY. HOWEVER. THE EXTENSION OF MARTIAL LAW AND THE CLOSING OF COLLEGES OF CATEGORIES WAS ANNOUNCED. TAKING EFFECT AT MIDNIGHT. ON SUNDAY. MAY 18TH: 0 MISSIONARIES DO NOT KNOW HOW OR WHEN THINGS BE- CAMB.VIOLENT ON SUNDAY, MAY 18. IN THE MORNING THINGS QUIET, BUT BEGINNING AT ABOUT NOON--RETURNING FROM ONE CHURCH OR OF THE MISSIONARIES RAN INTO INDICATIONS OF PREVIOUS TROUBLE. ONE MOTHER CHILDREN. WITH GUEST 8/149 SAW NO SIGN OF TROUBLE BUT WERE IN THE WAY OF A HEAVY DIS- 1. CHARGE OF TEAR GAS, WHICH WOULD HARDLY HAVE BEEN USED FOR I . A WHIM. HER HUSBAND. IN ANOTHER LOCATION. FOUND STREETS ?3 A CLOSED WHICH HAD BEEN OPEN EARLIER, AND ALSO DETECTED SIGNS OF TEAR GAS USED EARLIER. OTHER MISSIONARIES SAW NOTHING. PAGE NO. 2 0 cocoa 0 I 0000.. 1250 TEXT OF TELEGRAM BOSEOUL 007402 AT SOME TIME ON SUNDAY TROOPS OF AN AIRBORNE UNIT APPEARED IN THE CITY. ON SUNDAY AFTERNOON THERE BEGAN TO BE UNPROVOKEO ASSAULTS BY AIRBORNE UNIT PERSON PFRSONAIIV RY SOME SAY AT 9:00 A.M.. OTHERS AT NOON. VEL UPON YOUNG MEN. INCIDENTS WERE WHATEVER PRIOR PROVOCATION THERE MAY HAVE BEEN. THESE PEOPLE WITNESSEO ATTACKS OF GREATER OR LESSER SEVERITY ON CONFIDENTIAL .J PAGE NO. 19/ .47 WNW EEKHHEMIRL 1250 ?All? - ADP053 CONFIDENTIAL TEXT OF TELEGRAM BOSEOUL 007402 PAGE 01 SEOUL 07402 02 OF 10 1010462 ACTION EA-12 INFO OCT-01 ADS-00 NSCE-OO $50?00 ICAE-00 PM-os H-O1 INR-10 L-03 PA-01 SP-02 SS-15 HA-OS IO-14 Pc?01 0CS-06 014982 1011412 /13 0 1009432 JUN 80 FM AMEMBASSY SEOUL TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 6940 . INFO AMEMBASSY TOKYO COMUSKOREA SEOUL . CHUUSMAG SEOUL KS SA CINCUNC KS 00000. .3 00.00. A NUMBER-OE YOUNG MEN SIMPLY WALKING DOWN THE STREETS. - BE PROVIDED IF REQUIRED.) 3.. 9 AT NO DURING THE ENTIRE MAY 18TH INCIDENT. EITHER ON THAT THE DAYS FOLLOWING. DID ANY MISSIONARY SEE OR . . . HEAR "emu SECOND OR THIRD HAND ANY INDICATION OF TALITY BY THE CIVILIAN RIOT POLICE. THE RIOT POLICE WERE SEEN AT THEIR POSTS WITHOUT INTERFERING WHILE AIRBOJQNE UNIT TROOPS ATTACKED PEOPLE. THERE WAS LATER A . RUMOR ONE KOREAN PDLICEMAN HAD BEEN KILLED WHILE . ING to WITH AN AIRBO NF UNIT ATTACK UPON A BUT NO PROOF. F: ISAW A 3/ 4 .1 -. A TRAFFIC OF CER AND AN AIRBORNE UNIT 1 ?17 SOLDIER AT AN INTERSECTION. WHERE THE SOLDIER WANTED A . YOUNG WOMAN (APPARENTLY) OUT OF A TAXICAB. AND THE OFFICER TO LET THE CAB GO ON. (THE MISSIONARY NEVER SAW HEP-OUTCOME. AS HE HAD TO KEEP GOING HIMSELF. IT COULD HAVE BEEN SCARE TACTICS AND NOT AN AT THIS TIMEGIU53E WERE NO REPORTS OF ANY MO STATION OF WOMEN ONLY THIS INCIDENT SEEN 13/ 14%? . . . umu?t?NTI PAEE.92 SEOUL 07402 02 OF 10 1010462 0 MONDAY TOLD OF INCREASINGLY WIDESPREAD BRUTALITY ON SUNDAY IN THE LATE AFTERNOON OF SUNDAY THE WITH I KICKING OF FALLEN MEN (LOOKING FROM THE WINDOWS OF THE ?3 . KWANGUU TOURIST HOTEL). I A CURFEW WAS ANNOUNCED FOR 8:00 AT AFTER 6:30. BUT THEN CHANGED TD 9:00. PAGE NO. 4 . I TEXT OF TELEGRAM BOSEOUL 007402 IN ALL OF THIS. THE WRITER WENT TO THE COUNTRY IN THE MORN- ING. BACK IN THE EARLY AFTERNOON. AND TO CHURCH IN THE CITY IN THE EVENING--EARLY BECAUSE OF THE ANNOUNCED CURFEW--AND NEITHER SAW NOR HEARD ANYTHING AMISS. IT IS A MATTER OF ROUTES AND LOCATIONS. ON MONDAY. MAY 19TH: MOST OF THE ACCOUNTS OF BRUTALITY COME FROM MONDAY, AL- THOUGH THERE IS NO DOUBT THAT SUNDAY HAD ITS SHARE. THE FAMILY SEEMS SINGULARLY FROM TROUBLE- SOME MATTERS. EVEN AT SECOND HAND. cg] (FULLER NOTES.NOT HERE COPIED. GIVE 8/ DETAILS AND SOURC .) REPORTS OF SEVERE VIOLENCE BEGAN COMING IN ON MONDAY MORN- ING. PERHAPS BY COINCIDENCE. THE FIRST REPORTED RIOT-TYPE ACTIVITY WAS REPORTED ON MONDAY AFTERNOON. WHEN MR. DAVID USIS TELEPHONED AND SAID THERE HAVE BEEN AN TO SET FIRE TO GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS. RESISTANCE. IF IT CAN BE CALLED THAT. WAS SEEN CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL SEOUL 07402 02 OF 10 1010462 THE FIRST. JERSONAL 8/ 49 VI WJNG.OF AN AT WAS ON SUNDAY AFTERNOON HEN THREE SDUDIERG IN BEATING A PASSERBY. AND PEOPLE THREW STONES AT THEM, WITH THE RESULT THAT TWO RAN AFTER THE STONE-IHROWERS (WITHOUT SUCCESS) AND THE THIRD CONTINUED THE YOUNG MAN. THERE WAS ALSO STONE-THROWING ON MONO . MONDAY. WAS THE FIRST DAY WHEN WE HEARD AIRBORNE ENTERING HOUSES IN SEARCH OF YOUNG MEN. CITY WERE STOPPED AND YOUNG MEN TAKEN OFF AND L16 BUILDINGS AND EATING PLACES WERE GIVEN THE SAME TR ATMENT. IT Is NOT CERTAIN WHETHER PRIVATE HOMES WERE OR NOT. (KWANGJU CITIZENS SAY THEY WERE, BUT WE MMNOT HEARD OF SPECIFIC CASES.) 0.0. PASTOR. WHO CAN BE NAMED IF NECESSARY. HEARD THE AIRBORNE UNIT PERSONNEL SPEAKING WITH A DISTINCTIVELY KYONGSANG AND REPORTS HEARING THEM SAY THEY WERE GOING TO SLAY THE CHOLLA-OO RASCALS. ANOTHER WIT- NESS SAW OTHER AIRBORNE UNIT TROOPS BEHAVING WITH A BREAK- DOWN OF DISCIPLINE SIMILAR TO WHAT TOOK PLACE WITH OTHER TROOPS ON THE TRAIN TO TAEJON ON SATURDAY. AND NOTICED THAT THE MEN PRESUMABLY GUARDING THE CHOSUN UNIVERSITY nary: I 1.3713? I LOOKED DISHEVELED. WERE OBVIOUSLY DRUNK. AND WERE SHOOTING d? FOR FOOD. (THERE Is A RUMOR CURRENT THAT THE MEN WERE IN- I I PAGE NO. 5 1250 - TEXT OF TELEGRAM 007402 TENTIONALLY UNDERFED--AND SOME ADD, GIVEN DRINK: AND OTHERS ADD. GIVEN DRUGS--TO MAKE THEM WILD.) REPORTS OR RUMORS OF GIRLS STRIPPED TO THEIR UNDERCLOTHES HAVE TURNED OUT TO BE NOT FROM THE SOURCES TO WHICH THEY WERE ATTRIBUTED. AND SO FAR HAVE NOT BEEN VERIFIED BY ANY- CONFIDENTIAL . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .0000.0.. . 0 .00..: 0. .. . .00. am?ijm'i?im, m: PAGE NO. 6 ?Ml? TEXT OF TELEGRAM BOSEOUL 007402 ADP054 CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 01 SEOUL 07402 03 OF 10 1010542 ACTION EA-12 INFO OCT-01 ADS-00 CIAE-OO DUDE-00 NSAE-OO NSCE-OO SSO-OO ICAE-OO INRE-OO PM-OS H-01 INR-10 L-03 PA-O1 SP-02 SS-15 HA-05 IO-14 PC-01 OCS-OG 015005 1011412 /13 0 1009432 JUN 80 FM AMEMBASSY SEOUL T0 SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 6941 INFO AMEMBASSY TOKYO COMUSKOREA SEOUL CHUUSMAG SEOUL KS SA CINCUNC KS I I A SZETION 03 OF 10 SEOUL 07402 BODY WHOM WE HAVE FOUND. 0 BOTH THE wow-3ND THE CATHOLIC CENTER WERE ENTERED AND SEARCHED .A DEGREE OF VIOLENCE BETTER CALCULATED TO cow THAN OUT PEOPLE IN HIOING. ON 1 8 A49 SAW MEN ROUNDED AND TAKEN OFF. AND WITNESSED RE- PEATED ON SOME OF THE YOUNG MEN ALREADY APPRE- HENDED- MORE OTIEJHROVING OCCU RED ON AND ON MONDAY MORN- ING A Wis? ACTUAL CIVILIAN INTERVENTION 8/ A ON BEHALP OP-A PERSON ER ATTACK. WAS WHAT LOOKED 9 LIKE A MOTHER: YOUNGER SISTER AND SMALLER CHILD WHEN--ONE GUESSES--THE.YOUNG MAN IN THEIR FAMILY WAS BEING HURT.) . PEACE WON A GOOD NAMEGEOR AMERKCANS AT THIS TIME BY A SORT OF NON-VIOLENT INTERVENTION. A PCV SEEING AOPERSON BEING BEATEN WOULD GO AND PUT THEIR ARMS AROUND THE PERSON. THUS BEING IN THE WAY OF FURTHER BEAT- CONFIDENTIAL . 0 0 0 PAGE 02 SEOUL 07402 03 OF 10 1010542 ING. OMSUCH: AN OCCASION THE ATTACKER WOULD LEAVE HIS VICTIM BUT CHOOSE ANOTHER, WHO IN HIS TURN WOULD BE PRO- TECTED BY A PCV WHO PUT HIS ARMS AROUND HIM. IT IS THE SPONTANEOUS AND UNANIMOUS OPINION OF THE MISSIONARY COMMUNITY LIVING TOGETHER HERE THAT THE PEACE . CORPS VOLUNTEERS HAVE WON THE LASTING GRATITUOE OF GREAT . NUMBERS OF THE CITIZENS OF KVANGUU FOR THE UNITED STATES. SHARING THE LIFE OF THE PEOPLE WHOM THEY CAME TO SERVE. PAGE NO. 7 1250 .0000. .F MWEWLW EVEN WHEN IT MEANT SHARING SERIOUS, PERHAPS MORTAL. DANGER. THEY MADE EVERYBODY WHO SAW THEM REALIZE THAT AMERICANS (AND AMERICA) REALLY CARE. THEY IDENTIFIED THEMSELVES WITH THE PEOPLE NOTSOY SHARED ANIMOSITIES BUT BY SHARED TROUBLE. MISSIONARIES STAY AS A MATTER OF COURSE. IN OBEDIENCE TO A MASTER AND IN A BOND OF LOVE WHICH LEAVES NO BUT THE PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEERS WERE. IC ANYTHING, OISOBEDIENT TO THEIR OWN MASTER IN NOT LEAVING THE CITY. IT IS MY PERSONAL OPINION THAT IF THEIR HEADQUARTERS HAD BEEN ABLE TO SEE THE SITUATION FROM THE GROUND AS WE SAW IT. HEAD- QUARTERS WOULD HAVE HOPED THAT THEY WOULD STAY AND DO AL- MOST EXACTLY WHAT THEY DID. AS AMERICANS. WE ARE VERY .0000 PROUD OF OUR PEACE CORPS FRIENDS. 0000.: WE HEARD OF NO VIOLENT OR RIOT-TYPE DEMONSTRATIONS BEFORE Eco: 3 0. REPORTS OF AIRBORNE UNIT ATTACKS UPON STUDENTS. WE HEARD OF NO NON-VIOLENT DEMONSTRATIONS AFTER THE REPORTS BEGAN TO CIRCULTE. AGAIN. WE HEARD OF NO VIOLENT OR RIOT- - . TYPE ACTIVITIES AFTER THE WITHDRAWAL OF THE FORCES OF LAW AND ORDER FROM THE CITY. WE ASSUME THAT THERE WILL HAVE BEEN THIEVERY AND PERSONAL VIOLENCE. BUT WE HAVE NO DATA - NO LOOTIAKB. NO WANTON DAMAGE SUCH As Is A . . OR INSJAN MIAMI ICAN EXCEPT DURING .. . - 0.:00. PAGE 03: . SEOUL 07402 03 0F 10 1010542 . THE TROOPS WERE JRYING TO PUT DOVN THE DEMONSTRA- HIS VIOLENCE BEGAN ON MONDAY AND CONTINUED UNTIL . . THE WITH THEM THE POLICE) WERE FROM . . THE 0 0 .. . ON AND BUSES WERE BURNED. WE RE THE CITIZENRY THE STUDENTS. IT MAY ON MONDAY NIGHT. IT WAS NO LATER THAN TUESDAY. WE 00 N01 KNOV WHO TOLD WHAT TO WHOM. BUT THE AIRBORNE UNIT TROOPS DID NOT REMAIN IN KWANGJU CITY AFTER MONDAY. so FAR As wE THE APPEARANCE Is THAT THEY WERE PULLED OUT BY MIDNIGHT ON MONDAY. AND REPLACED (BY TROOPS FROM.HORTH CHOLLA7). ON 20TH: ON TUESDAY MORNING THERE VERE APPARENTLY NO TROOPS IN KVANGUU OF THE AIRBORNE UNIT. THEIR PLACE HAVING BEEN TAKE BY TROOPS. (SOME DAYS - <3 ?inn- :le KNOW. IN THE CITY--NOT IN UNIFORM OF ti STUM ED ON AIRBORNE UNIT MEN VERY UNKEMPT AND a} ENTLY LOST AND FRIGHTENED. HE HAD A SCUFFLE WITH THEM AND CAME OUT AHEAD. THIS SEEMS TO BE SIMPLY TWO MEN WHO GOT PAGE NO. 8 i" .- TEXT OF TELEGRAM BOSEOUL 007402 SEPARATED FROM THEIR OUTFIT AND LEFT BEHIND IN A HOSTILE CITY.) TUESDAY MORNING WAS QUIET. 8 A To THE BANK AND GOT some YOUNG PEOPLE OF AGE GROUP WALKING CONFIDENTIAL W3 PAGE NO. 9 1250 0 EWNEWL 1250 TEXT OF TELEGRAM 8OSEOUL 007402 ADP636 CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 01 SEOUL 07402 04 OF 10 1107322 ACTION INFO ADS-00 CIAE-OO DOOE-OO NSAE-OO PM-Os INR-1O L-O3 NSC-05 PA-01 SP-02 SS-15 ICA-11 HA-os IO-14 Pc-01 OCT-02 /102 022480- 1107382 /13/43 0 1009432 UUN 80 . .o-oo. FM AMEMBASSY SEOUL T0 SECSTATE IMMEDIATE 6942 . INFO AMEMBASSY TOKYO COMUSKOREA SEOUL CHUUSMAG SEOUL KS SA CINCUNC KS . 2 I I A SECTION 04 OF 10 SEOUL 07402 (TEXT) 2 RUMORS SPREAD ON TUESDAY THAT THE SEARCHES OF MONDAY o. . NIGHT TO PLANNEDEXTENSIVE HOUSE- TO- HOUSE PLANS FOR TUESDAY NIGHT. WE ASSUME TO BE BASELESS. BUT THEY WERE BELIEVED. ALSO . . WERE STORIES OF AIRBORNE UNIT MEN WAVING SEVERED BREASTS-ON THEIR BAYONETS. WE HAVE BEEN HARD PUT TO FIND STORIES OF WORSE TREATMENT OF WOMEN THAN OF - MEN, OF THE SPECIFIC STORIES WE HAVE HEAROCON- . CERNEDTNOTBNOMEN BUT MEN. HOW TRUETHE RUMORS ARE LIKELY TO BE 1?51 WATTER ON WHICH OUR MISSIONARY GROUP IS NOT IN FULL AGREEMENT. 2 . 3 A LARGE RALUY ON TUESDAY NIGHT RAN LATE IN DEFIANCE OF THE - 9:00 ON TUESDAY NIGHT WE HEARD A MODERATELY LARGE AMOUNT AND ON WEDNESDAY MORNING WE WJISCOVERED THE TROOPS AND POLICE APPARENTLY GONE FROM KWANGUU. A COMMAND LEAFLET (OF WEDNESDAY MAY 21) SAYS CONFIDQVTIME CONF IDENTOIM 0 PAGE SEOUL 07402 04 OF 10 1107322 THAT NIGHT THE TROOPS AND POLICE SUFFERED TEN WOUNDED). AND THAT PUBLIC BUILDINGS. POLICE STATION AND THREE BROADCAST STATIONSHAD BEEN DES- TROYED OR BURNED. NOT ALL TROOPS HAD LEFT THE CITY ON TUESDAY. NONETHELESS. AND THERE WAS MORE FIGHTING ON WEDNESDAY. ?Rat!? A PAPER WRITTEN BY A KOREAN ENGLISH TEACHER AND ADDRESSED PAGE NO. 10 TEXT OF TELEGRAM BOSEOUL 007402 ?All? 1250 TO A FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT SAYS THAT THE TELEVISION STATION CAUGHT FIRE BY ACCIDENT AND THAT STUDENTS TRIED IN VAIN TO SAVE IT. WE HAVE NO CONFIRMATION. RUMOR HAS IT THAT THE SOCALLED THE STATIONOF A LOCAL NEWSPAPER. WAS DESTROYED BY TROOPS. WE HAVENO CON- FORMATION. ON WEDNESDAY. MAY 215T: THERE MAS FIGHTING ON MEONESOAY. BUT NONE OF US SAM IT. AL- mnunH 1.112.310 HEAR GUNFIRE ANO SEE SMOKE. 8? OROVE SOME PEOPLE TO THE COUNTRY ANU ?7 BUT SAM BURNING VEHICLES ANO HAO SOME ENCOUNTERS . . MITH THE MILITANT CITIZENRY. HE SAM NO SECTION OF THE CITY (MHERE HIS ROAO TOOK HIM: OR LATER MHERE HE MENT FOR PHOTO- . GRAPHS) MHICH HAO EITHER TROOPS OR POLICE IN EVIDENCE. I MEONESOAY MORNING MAS SURPRISING. NOT SIMPLY BECAUSE THE POLICE ANO TROOPS MERE OANESROM OUR SIGHT. BUT BECAUSE ME SAM UNMISTAKABLY THAT ALL VISIBLE CITIZENRY THE .. . THAT--BARRING ANY UNKNOMN ANO OISCREETLY . . . ENTIRE CITY HAD EMBRACEO ANO AOOPTEO 0 THE STUDENT.PROTEST. .--. 3 . . CONFIDENTIAE PAGE 0; SEOUL 07402 04 OF 10 1107322 000000 FROM Iglg POINT ON. THE MAY EIGHTE IOENT MAS . . R. - OF SPOKEN I MAS . 0 - SLOMEST BUT I MAS FORCEO TO IT ANO . I OEBATE. . 000. 0 - EDITORIAL PARAGRAPH: MAY BE SKIPPED: . 000000 - IN MY oyN OPINION. MHAT ME SAM IN KMANGUU MAS A DEMON- - STRAIIGN OF FREE PEOPLE PUSHEO TOO FAR. ANO REACTING - WITH VJOLENT INOIGNATION MHICH IS OIVORCEO FROM POLICY - MHICH INSPIRES A TEMPORARY IN LAM-A IOING PEOPLETHE ACHIEVEMENT OF BENEFIT: SPONTANEOUS COM- - BUSIJON WHEN FREEBO TO BE - UPON ANY LONGER. THIS OPINION IS REINFORCED - BY THE MANNER IN WHICH THE CITY HANDLES ITS RETURN TO - SANITY. WHICH COMES VERY SOON NOW. ON WEDNESDAY MORNING YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN CAREENED THROUGH THE STREETS ON COMANDEERED PICK-UPS. BUSES. AND MILITARY- I 1_ . TYPE ARMY DR POLICE VEHICLES. WITH SLOGANS PAINTED ON THEM. AS THEY WENT BY. YOUNG AND OLDER SOBER CITIZENS STOOD BY I THE STREETS APPLAUDING AND CHEERING. TWICE I SAW WOMEN PAGE NO. 11 TEXT OF TELEGRAM 007402 RUN OUT WITH BUNDLES OF STICKS OR CUDGELS FOR THE STUDENTS. I I LATER THE OFFERINGS WERE SOFT DRINKS AND BUNS (NEVER SEE LIQUOR GIVEN. OR STUDENTS DRUNK). THE MOOD OF STUDENTS AND CITIZENRY WAS HEADY AND EXHILA- RATED. AND ORDINARY RULES WERE CLEARLY IN ABEYANCE. A VERY FEW RIFLES WERE IN EVIDENCE. BUT THE HOOD WAS LESS LIKE THE EVE OF BATTLE THAN LIKE THE NIGHT BEFORE THE HOMETOWN GAME OF THE SEASON. CONFIDENTIAL WHHEWL PAGE NO. 12 1250 TEXT OF TELEGRAM BOSEDUL 007402 ADPOSO CONFIDENTIAL 1011102 PAGE 01 SEOUL 07402 05 OF 10 ACTION EA-12 ADS-00 CIAE-OO DUDE-00 NSAE-OO NSCE-00 INFO OCT-01 INR-10 L-03 $50-00 PM-OS H-01 PA-01 SP-02 ss-1s 10-14 PC-O1 Des-06 015095 1011402 /13 0 1009432 JUN 80 FM AMEMBASSY SEOUL TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 6943 INFO AMEMBASSY TOKYO COMUSKOREA SEOUL SEOUL KS SA CINCUNC KS I I A SECTION 05 OF 10 SEOUL 07402 SOMEWHERE. THERE wAs FIGHTING. AT ABDUT NDDN THE Aw SMOKE AND WENT TO A POINT ROM COULD PLACE IT. THEY ARE SURE THAT THIS wAs THE BURNING OF THE TAX OFFICE. ALTHOUGH ITS LOCATION DID TO HAVE BEEN HELD EARLIER IN THE DAY BY TROOPS 0R IF IT wAs BURNED. As To BEING BURNED IN CONFLICT, IT IS OUR ONLY DEFINITE INSTANCE OF THIS LATE. IN CASE. THE BUILDING wAs AN ASSOCIATED BUILDING THE SAME THE HOME A RESTAURANT . ino LIVED TDD [0 Es? CAPE A ,4 ON THE LAST HE RIGKED BY CA . WAS TOLD OF IN FRONT OF THE CAJHDLIC CENTER AND TO GO PHOTOGRAPH THEM. BUT TO GET THERE BY CAR AND TO LEAVE HIs CAR UNTENDED. HE FOUND PEOPLE NOT UNFRIENDUN TD HIM. BUT IN A VE3Y ANGR: M000 AT THIS POINT. 000000 DID SEE THESE DEAD.) CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL I PAGE CASUAKELESEEGAN COMING IN AT NOON ON WEDNESDAY. ANY EARLIER CASUALTIES ARE FOR THE MOST PART UNACCOUNTED FOR EVEN AFTER THE CITY HAS BEEN REOCCUPIED AND THE DEAD BURIED. SEOUL 07402 05 OF 10 1011102 MANY CASUALTIES WERE NEEDLESS TRAGEDIES. WE HAVE A NUMBER OF STORIES OF THESE. WE HAVE NO (OR ALMOST NO) INDICATION. HOWEVER. OF WANTON CRUELTY AFTER THE VITHDRAWAL OF THE AIR- BORNE UNIT TROOPS. THIS COULD BE BECAUSE OF THE CHANGE OF PAGE NO. WHHBENHAL ?All? 3/ 13 1250 TEXT OF TELEGRAM BOSEOUL 007402 TROOPS 0R IT COULD BE BECAUSE A RIOT-CONTROL TYPE TION WAS SUCCEEDED BY AN ARMED-CONFLICT TYPE SITUATION. (THE FIRST CASUALTY IN THE CHRISTIAN HOSPITAL WAS A MAN BAYONETTED IN THE BACK WHILE TRYING TO FIND OUT ABOUT ONE OR MORE OF HIS CHILDREN. BUT THE CIRCUMSTANCES MAKE IT UNCLEAR WHETHER THE SOLDIER KNEW HIM TO BE INNO- CENT. IF HE WAS WOUNDED AT NOON IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF THE TOURIST HOTEL, AS REPORTED. ANY SOLDIERS THERE AT THAT TIME WILL HAVE BEEN FACING AN EXTREMELY HOSTILE AND DANGEROUS CROWD.) CROWDS WERE WARNED TO DISPERSE OR BE FIRED ON BY HELICOP- TERS. BUT THERE WAS GREAT INDIGNATION WHEN FIRING ACTUALLY TOOK PLACE. FROM 3:00 To 4:00 ON WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON THERE WAS A SPATE OF CASUALTIES. BOTH DEAD AND WOUNDED--TEN DEAD AND FIFTY WOUNDED BY ABOUT 4:00 IN THE KWANGJU CHRISTIAN HOSPITAL (BUT BY THURSDAY NOON THE DEAD BROUGHT THERE TOTALED ONLY 13 OR 15. ALTHOUGH THERE WERE MORE WOUNDED). ON WEDNESQAY NIGHT MANY PEOPLE CAME TO THE COMPOUND IN THE HOPE OB SAEENY FROM SUPPOSED HOUSE-TO-HOUSE SEARCH-AND- DANGERS. MOSTLY THEY WERE ONS. BUT THERE WQRE OTHERS ALSO. NONE STAYED AT MY HOUSE. 13/ -313": BROUGHT A LARGE INCREASE IN GUNFIRE, MUCH TO BE IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY. THE LATTER PART OF THE NIGHT WAS MUCH MORE QUIET. DESPITE A SUPPOSEDLY SURE WORD THAT THE CITY WAS TO BE REOCCUPIED DURING WEDNESDAY NIGHT. . ON THURSDAY. MAY 22ND: PAGEQ. 14 mum MEIR 1250 mm, mm TEXT OF TELEGRAM BOSEOUL 007402 1250 11m . . ADP051 I CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 01 SEOUL 07402 05 OF 10 1011242 ACTION EA-12 INFO OCT-01 ADS-00 CIAE-OO PM-os H-01 INR-10 L-03 PA-01 SP-02 SS-15 HA-05 10-14 Pc?01 OCS-06 /075 015175 1011402 /11 . . 0 1009432 JUN 80 FM AMEMBASSY SEOUL . TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 5944 INFO AMEMBASSY TOKYO COMUSKOREA SEOUL . SEOUL KS . . SA CINCUNC KS I I A SECTION 06 OF 10 SEOUL 07402 .. . . 0.0 8/149 0 I 00000 IN TWO.CARS WITH AMERICAN FLAGS AND . SIGNS, A CIRCUITOUS TRIP TO SONGUONGNI, CONVOYED . PART CITIZENRY. ALSO BEING IN TRAINS RUNNING. THEY RETURNED AND TOOK THE . .0 -. NORTH UNTIL TURNED BACK BY A MILITARY 0000 GUARD ON THE HIGHWAY. THE SOLDIERS SAID. HOWEVER. THAT . TRAINSIWEREOSERVING A STATION WITHIN REACH A LITTLE BACK ON THE THIS PROVED TRUE. AND AFTER SEEING THE PARTY - OFF. THE.TIO CARS RETURNED TO ENROUTE THEY WERE 0.00.. STOPPEDOAT A NEWLY ERECTED BARRICADE AND TOLD THAT THE CITY WAS UNDEB.AITACK. THIS WAS NOT STRICTLY ACCURATE. AS THEY FOUND FINALLY ALLOWED TO GO ON. MET BY CITIZENRY AT THE EDGE OF THE CITY. THEY WERE CONVOYED MOM OF THE WAY HOME STREETS THAN BEFORE. AND ARRIVED CONFIDENJJAL CONFIDENTIAL 0 0 PAGE SEOUL 07402 06 OF 10 1011242 SUPPLIED THOSE IN HICLES WITH FOOD 5/49? AND DRINK. ON THIS TRIP BACK TO KNANGUU. . WAS TDSSED A BUN FROM CITIZENRY IN A COMMAN- DEERED BUT WITH TDO POOR AN AIM. AND PROCEEDED BUNLESS.) TWO RUMORS ROSE FROM THIS EXCURSION: ONE. THAT THE MISSION- ARIES HAD ALL LEFT THE CITY. AND ONE THAT AMERICAN EMBASSY STAFF HAD ENTERED WITH FLAGS FLYING. - SO WE DO NOT PAGE NO. 16 g; mm?mm FEEL WE WOULD BE IN RELYING HEAVILY ON OTHER RUMORS WHICH WE HEAR. RUMORS AGAIN CONFIDENTLY FORETOLD THE OCCUPATION OF THE CITY ON THURSDAY NIGHT. FROM 11:00 P.M. UNTIL 19:30 THF 8/ FA ILY CIEHEARD SUSTAINED AND HEAVY FIRING INCLUDING WEAPONRY GER THAN SMALL ARMS. THERE WAS A DISCERNIBLE PROGRESSION FROM THE VICINITY OF THE MILITARY UNIT HALF- WAY TO SONGUONGNI IN THE WEST, IN A SOUTHWARD ARC AND AROUND TO A POINT SOUNDING IN THE NIGHT LIKE THE NEIGHBOR- HOOD OF THE PROVINCIAL CAPITOL. IN THE MORNING THERE HAS NO SIGN OF ANY SUCH ACTION HAVING TAKEN PLACE. SO FAR AS OBSERVATIONS POSSIBLE TO US REVEALED. FRIDAY THROUGH MONDAY. MAY 23RD THROUGH 26TH: THE NEXT FOUR DAYS. FRIDAY. SATURDAY. SUNDAY AND MONDAY, HERE A TIME OF NEGOTIATION AND MUTUAL FOREBEARANCE BY MILI- TARY AND CITIZENRY IN THE EFFORT TO RESTORE REGULAR GOVERN- MENT TO IN INITIATIVE SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN TAKEN BY THE CHRIST.IAN CLERGY. wE RECOGNIZE THAT THE COINCIDENCE IS SO CONFIDEMTI PAGE 03 SEOUL 07402 06 OF 10 1011242 0 0 MAKE OUR ACCOUNT SUSPECT. BUT THE FACT RE- MAINS MAOOR ROLE SEEMS TO HAVE BEEN PLAYED BY FASTOQS Two wE ARE MOST COOSEUY ASSOCIATED . .. 8/}49 0000. . I . FOUR TIMES, ACCORDING ., THE TO POSTPONE MILITARY ACTION AT OF THE RECONCILIATION COMMITTEE (RECONCILIATION: SETTLEMENT PROCEDURE -- COMMITTEE). 0 NO NIGHT MHEN FIRING DID NOT OCCUR. TROOPS DVANCED INTO THE CITY AND WITHDREVI. ON AT LEAST .6 THEY mm A DELEGATION 0F PASTORS AND ASKED THEM TO ON THE GROUNDS THAT THEY AGREED NOT TO COME YET INTO THE CITY. ON FRI MORNING 8 A "9 FAMILY SAM SOLDIERS WALKING THROUGH OUR uvm HILL. BUT DID NOT SPEAK TO THEM OR THEY TO HIM. MEANWHILE THE CITIZENRY MAINTAINED GOOD ORDER IN THE CITY. PAGE NO. 17 1250 TEXT or TELEGRAM eoseom 007402 r?m?mr??al AND BEGAN COLLECTING WEAPONS AND EXPLOSIVES TO AVOID TROUBLE WHEN THE CITY WAS REOCCUPIEO. (SOME PERHAPS AL- READY FELT THAT THE COLLECTION WOULD ON THE CONTRARY PRO- VIDE A DEPOT OF ARMS TO USE IN RESISTING REOCCUPATION. BUT IF SO IT WAS PRIVATE OPINION.) I OOK A LEAD IN SEEKING THE FORMATION OF AN CONFIDENTIAL .. ?Tiff: 105% 53:75 PAGE NO. 18 1250 0 TEXT OF TELEGRAM 007402 ADP260 CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 01 SEOUL 07402 08 OF 10 1011352 . ACTION EA-12 INFO ADS-00 NSAE-OO NSCE-OO PM-OS H-o1 INR-10 L-03 PA-O1 SP-02 SS-15 HA?os IO-14 PC-O1 Dos-06 SY-os SYE-OO OCT-02 /083 015219 1013402 /43 0 1009432 UUN 80 FM AMEMBASSY SEOUL TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 6946 INFO AMEMBASSY TOKYO COMUSKOREA SEOUL CHUUSMAG SEOUL KS SA CINCUNC KS I I A SECTION 08 OF 10 SEOUL 07402 BY AND LARGE-THE HARD-LINE STUDENTS DID NOT REFUSE To ACCEPT ACHIEVED. BUT SOME OF THEM FELT VITH THE SOCIAL-ACTIVIST NEWCOMERS ON THE CONCERNED COMMITTE THAT A LITTLE TOUGHER BARGAINING WOULD BE BETTER. THE OF COURSE WAS THE MAUOR PROBLEM. .0 WITH THE-BREAKING OF THE CONSENSUS. THE DELEGATION COULD NO LONGER sbilk.EOR THE CITY IN DEALING WITH THE MARTIAL 0N NIGHT wE RECEIVED A MESSAGE INDICATING THAT ONLY MILITARY SECURITY FORBADE TELLING us OUTRIGHT THAT MILITARY ACTION VOULD.BEGIN ON SUNDAY NIGHT OR MONDAY. SINCE THERE HAD NOTICE GIVEN CITY. WE THOUGHT THIS A BREAK- ING DE A AND THEE: AGREED To SEEK MEMB OF THE RECONCILIATION TION AND SUGGESTED THAT THEY ASK ENOUGH DELAY THE PROMISE MADE BEFORE. ON THIS WAS CONFIRMED BY TROOP MOVEMENTS. CONFIDENTIAL . . . PAGE 02 2.2..: SEOUL 07402 08 OF 10 1011352 AND WE THIS AND SAW POSTED ON THE STREET NEW POSTERS OF AN INFLAMATORY NATURE. OVER A NAME ALMOST BUT NOT EXACTLY LIKE THAT USED BY THE RECONCILIATION PROCEDURES COMMITTEE. THE COMMITTEE MEMBER, WHOM THE WRITER APPROACHED, SEEMED TO THE WRITER TO HAVE FELT THAT HE HAD DONE ALL HE COULD DO. AND THAT THE BREAKING OF THE CONSENSUS HAD RESULTED IN THE BREAKING OF THE SIDE OF THE ACHIEVED SETTLEMENT. SO THAT THE PROMISES WERE AL- READY VOID. THE FABRICATED POSTERS WERE CLEARLY THE WORK PAGE NO. 8/19 19 MIR 1250 11mm OF OTHERS. AND WOULD NOT BE BELIEVED BY INTELLIGENT PEOPLE. 23 CONTACT WAS OUT OF TOUCH AT THE /?df MENT. BUT WE MET AND WERE TAKEN BY THEM TO THE MEETING OF THE CONCERNED CITIZENS. NOT TO SPEAK BUT TO LISTEN. THERE HAD BEEN A DEADLINE ANNOUNCED, AND IN FACT THE MAR- TIAL LAW TROOPS DID NOT COME UNTIL AFTER THAT DEADLINE PASSED. SO EITHER OUR INTERPRETATION OF THE INFORMATION WE RECEIVED WAS WRONG OR SOMEBODY TOOK ACTION AFTER ALL. THE OCCUPATION OF THE CITY CAME ON MONDAY NIGHT. OR MORE PROPERLY IN THE EARLY HOURS OF TUESDAY MORNING, MAY 27TH. THE MILITARY OPERATION WAS SWIFT AND NEAT. THE GUNFIRE WE HEARD WAS FAR LESS THAN WE HAD HEARD ON THE THURSDAY WHEN IT HAD BEEN SO NOISY. wE THINK IT CLEAR THAT THE OCCUPATION OF THE CITY WAS AS RELATIVELY BLOODLESS AS IT TURNED OUT BECAUSE IN FACT THE CITY DID NQI.QPPOSE IT. THE ONLY ACTUAL OPPOSITION. WE BELIEVE, WAS FRONT THE SUICIDE GROUP AND SOME TRAGIC HIGH SCHOOL CHILDREN WHO UOINED THEM. - 0 CONFIDENTIAI..: PAGE 03 SEOUL 07402 08 OF 10 1011352 THE DAYS FRONPFRIDAY THROUGH MONDAY WERE ALSO THE PERIOD DURING WERE INSTRUCTED TO LEAVE KWANGJU. TIME ACCOUNT THAT WERE RE- CEIVED AT THE AIR FORCE BASE IS TRUE IN THAT THE YOUNG PEOPLE CEME AS MISSIONARIES OF THE LATTER DAY SAINTS DID (WE WE KNOW OF NO OTHER.I- 8/ OUR PRESENCE WAS CH0- SEN BY DESIGN ATISFYING TO ALL WE MET. TO HAVE LEFT WOULD IMPOSSIBLE TO US EACH. AND HAD WE FORCED THERE WOULD. WE THINK. HAVE BEEN NO MORE PLACE-50R US TO SERVE IN THIS COMMUNITY. 0 FROM TUESDAYBEMAY 27TH. THROUGH WEDNESDAY. 4TH: THE IN THE DAYBREAK HOURS OF TUESDAY. MAY 27. OTHEORADIO WARNED EVERYONE TO STAY OFF THE STREETS THAT DAY. NOT ALL OF US OBEYED THE ORDER. BUT NONE OF US SUFFERED HURT OR THREAT OF HURT. FOLLOW-UP OPERATIONS SEEMED LARGELY TO BE NOT RETALIATORY BUT SIMPLY FOR THE REMOVAL OF THOSE WHO STILL REFUSED TO TURN IN ARMS OR ACCEPT THE RETURN OF POLICE AND TROOPS. SIX WERE FLUSHED OUT OF OUR OWN HILL. AND WERE TAKEN INTO CUSTODY IN A SITUATION WHERE THEY COULD MORE EASILY HAVE PAGE NO. 20 1250 TEXT OF TELEGRAM 007402 BEEN SHOT BY THE TROOPS INTO WHOSE ARMS THEY WERE SKILL- FULLY HERDED. WE WERE SHOCKED BY AN INCIDENT AT THE YWCA, WAS SHED AND LIVES WERE LOST. LATER WE LEARNED (FROM SOURCES MORE LIKELY TO BE SYMPATHETIC THAN NOT TO THE YWCA) THAT AT THE TIME OF THIS INCIDENT THERE WAS A PRAYER CONFIDENTIAL .00. IN WHICH BLOOD PAGE NO. 21 5 3! 1250 TEXT OF TELEGRAM 007402 1250 ADP167 CONFIDENTIAL PAGE 01 SEOUL 07402 09 OF 1.0 1019532 ACTION EA-12 INFO OCT-01 ADS-00 CIAE-OO DUDE-00 NSAE-OO NSCE-OO SSO-OO ICAE-OO INRE-OO PM-05 INR-10 L-03 PA-01 SP-02 ss?15 HA-os 10?14 Pc?o1 Dos-06 SY-OS OCT-02 /083 018519 1020002 /61/43 0 1009432 JUN 80 . FM AMEMBASSY SEOUL TD SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 6947 INFO AMEMBASSY TOKYO COMUSKOREA SEOUL . 1 SEOUL KS SA CINCUNC KS .. . I I A SECTION 09 OF 10 SEOUL 07402 0.- E.C.I (TEXT PARA 3) 2 0 MEETING THE YWCA LATE INTO THE NIGHT IN VIOLATION OF THE chFEw: AND THAT ALTHOUGH THE GIRLS AT THE PRAYER MEETING SLIPPED SAFELY HOME, THE BOYS CHOSE TO REMAIN. AND . THAT IN ALL THE TURNING IN OF WEAPONS, THE BOYS . HAD THEM. FINALLY. we LEARNED THAT THERE WERE ONLY qupun-us, ONE OF AN EMPLOYEE ON DUTY AND ONE OF ONE .0 -. OF THE BOYS. THE MAY ?8 INCIDENT WAS NOT COMMUNIST INSPIRED OR INFIL- . . 3 TRATED THIS Is CLEAR FACT, BUT WE HEAR--NOT THE TROOPS REOCCUPIED THE CITY . WERE GIVEPPTOOUNDERSTAND THAT THEY WERE DEALING WITH A COMMUNIST INSURRECTION. IF UUDGMENT IS To BE PASSED. WE THINK OF THE TROOPS EXTREMELY UNFOR- TUNATE. SIDE OF THE COIN IS THE RESTRAINT BY WHICH SO FEW CASUALTIES OCCURRED. EVEN WHEN THE TROOPS COMMUNISTS THEY WERE FIGHTING. 0 0 PAGE SEOUL 07402 09 OF 10 1019532 FOR THE Jhk??w DEAD. THE CITY PROVIDED BURIAL SPACE IN THE CEMETERY. BUT FAMILIES DID NOT HAVE THE OP- TION OF BURIALS ELSEWHERE. TRUCKS TOOK COFFINS. FREE BUSES TOOK MOURNERS. CITY GRAVEDIGGERS PREPARED ROW ON Row OF OPEN GRAVES, AND AFTER INTERMENT HELPED FINISH AND SOD THE . MOUNDS. WE ATTENDED OR SHARED THE FUNERAL OF A SEMINARY 1? Ta STUDENT WHOM WE UNDERSTAND TO HAVE BEEN EXEMPLARY IN BE- .- HAVIOR AND KILLED ALMOST BY ACCIDENT WHILE GUARDING EXPLO- 3? SIVES FROM FALLING INTO WRONG HANDS. THE MULTIPLE SIMUL- PAGE NO. 22 -5. TANEOUS BURIALS WERE EXTREMELY TAXING TO OBSERVE. AS THE MAY EIGHTEENTH INCIDENT FALLS FARTHER INTO THE BACK- GROUND WE BEGIN T0 FEEL WE SEE INCREASING DEGREES OF RETAL- IATIDN. ONE SOURCE SYMPATHETIC TO THE CITIZENS SAYS THAT THE CONTRACT WAS BROKEN BY THE CITY AND THE PROMISE ALREADY VOID. IF THE PROMISE IS NOT VOID. THE APPEARANCE IS THAT IT HAS BEEN SOMEWHAT BROKEN. IF THE PROMISE IS VOID IN- DEED. THE WONDER IS THAT THERE REMAINS THIS MUCH GENTLE- NESS. IF AN ABBREVIATED ACCOUNT IS THIS LONG. CONSIDER HOW MUCH REMAINS UNSAID. BUT ONE FINAL POINT I AM DETERMINED T0 MAKE. IT IS THIS. IN MY LIFE I HAVE NEVER FELT SUCH WONDERING PRIDE IN MY . KOREAN FRIENDS AS I HAVE FELT IN THE DAYS OF THIS MAY 000'00 EIGHTEENTH INCIDENT. ALL I HAD SUPPOSED ABOUT THE CHARAC- TERISTICS OF THE KOREAN PEOPLE WAS SURPASSED BY WHAT WAS TO .. . ME AN INCREDIBLE WILLINGNESS TO PAY PRICE REQUIRED IF BY PAYING IT THEY COULD ACHIEVE GOOD. I MEAN PARTICULARLY . THE RESTRAINT SHOWED BY THE MILITARY AFTER THE FIRST TRAGIC DAYS WHICH.SET EVERYTHING OFF. AND THE DISCIPLINE AND RE- BY THE CITIZENRY AT A TIME WHEN THEY CONFIDENTIAL: . PAGE 03. SEOUL 07402 09 OF 10 1019532 . LIEVED THINGS FAR MORE OUTRAGEOUS THAN THE TRAGIC TRUTH. 00000. IN NO WAY QLMINISHING THE CREDIT DUE TO OUR KOREAN FRIENDs: PRAISE GOES TO GOD. WHO IN HIS GOOD WILL FIT HIS TIME TO OUR PRAYERS WITH DAILY MIRA- . CLES woekeo'IN THE HEARTS 0F HUNDREDS WHO KNow HIM AND THOUSANDS DO NOT. IF I HAVE ONE REGRET IT IS TO END THIS REPORI.UITH NO MORE PRAISE THAN THIS. I EMPHASIZE SOME IMPORTANT POINTS To BE REMEM- BERED: 1) NEVER A CITY. FOR UNDER 24 HOURS ACTIVITY TOOK PLACE IN SPECIFIC AND LIMITED LOCA- TIONS ON.AGGOUNT OF THE OUTRAGE. BUT EVEN DURING THOSE TIMES IHE CITY wAs NOT IN TURMOIL AND THE PEOPLE OF THE CITY NOTOIN DANGER FROM THE SO-CALLED RIOTERS. OUTSIDE THE DESTRUCTIVE FURY. WHICH SO FOCUSED SPECIFICALLY LDCALIZED, THE CITY WAS QUIET, AND PEOPLE.V RE COMPLETELY SAFE EITHER ON OR OFF THE STREETS. 2) KWANGJU WAS NOT A CITY HELD DANGEROUSLY BY STUDENTS OR A 13 DISSIDENTS. IT WAS A CITY UNITED IN CRISIS. THE CRISIS a I i CAME FROM OUTSIDERS. UNITING THE CITIZENRY AS ONLY HAPPENS '3 i IN CRISIS AND DISASTER. EVEN THE POLICE, EVEN THE RIOT- 9b?? POLICE, WERE FELT BY THE CITIZENS TO BE INNDCENT OF OFFENSE PAGE NO. 23 TEXT OF TELEGRAM BOSEOUL 007402 AGAINST THE CITY. THE ANIMOSITY OF KWANGJU IS AGAINST THE AIRBORNE UNIT WHICH BEHAVED SO BADLY. AND AGAINST THE CEN- TRAL GOVERNMENT. WHICH THE CITY BELIEVES TO HAVE BEEN UN- FAIR THROUGHOUT. 3) CIVIL RIGHTS, HUMAN RIGHTS. AND GREATER DEMOCRACY WERE NOT AT THE HEART OF ANGER. STUDENT ACTIVITY TO- WARD THESE GOALS WAS THE IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF THE EVENTS WHICH ROUSED THE CITY. AND MANY OF THE CITIZENS FEEL DEEPLY CONFIDENTIAL 0.00. 0 0.00 I 0 0 0 0 {mm PAGE NO. 24 1250 0 I mmumuwa ADP265 CONF IDENTIAL PAGE 01 SEOUL 07402 10 OF 10 1012232 ACTION EA-12 INFO OCT-01 ADS-00 CIAE-OO DUDE-00 NSAE-OO NSCE-OO SSO-00 ICAE-OO INRE-OO PM-05 H-O1 INR-1O L-03 PA-01 SP-02 SS-15 HA-05 IO-14 PC-01 0CS-06 DCT-02 /083 015593 1013442 /43 0 1009432 JUN 80 FM AMEMBASSY SEOUL TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 6948 INFO AMEMBASSY TOKYO COMUSKOREA SEOUL SEOUL KS SA CINCUNC KS I I A SECTION 10 OF 10 SEOUL 07402 ABOUT BUT THE INCIDENT WAS NOT FOR DR THESE THINGS. IT WAS BECAUSE OF OUTRAGEOUS ACTS AGAINST WWOPLE. AND ITS OBJECTIVE WAS TO MAKE KNOWN THAT COULD NOT BE INFLICTED HERE WITH IMPUNITY. 0.00.. 4) THE JESURAGES WHICH OCCURRED WERE NOT FOR THEIR PART INFECTED WITH SEXUAL LICENSE OR WITH SADISTIC ACTS AGAINST WOMEN. DESPITE RUMORS OF UNSPEAKABLE ACTS. THE PROVIDE INADEQUATE GROUNDS FOR BELIEF IN WOMAN-FOCUSED ATROCITIES. 0 O. 5) TO THOSE allHO HAVE LIVED LONG IN KOREA. THE SINGLE MOST IN THE ENTIRE KWANGUU INCIDENT IS AN ATYPI- CAL AND MIRACULOUS RESTRAINT EXERCISED ALL. MAY BE BROUGHT AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT OR . THE COMMAND. THE CONSPICUOUS FACT IS THAT. WITHIN THEJIFWTNES OF THE AREA AND OF THE KWANGUU INCIDENT AFTER THE WITHDRAWAL OF THE AIRBORNE UNITS, THE KOREAN MILITARY EXERCISED. AND THE KOREAN A RESTRAINT WHICH RAN COUNTER TO THEIR CONFIDENTIAE PAGE 02: . SEOUL 07402 10 OF 10 1012232 RECORD HAVE BEEN GALLING T0 MAINTAIN. BY THE SAME TOKEN. IMOOSDLF-DISCIPLINE AND RESTRAINT SHOWN BY THE CITI- ZENRY IS BEYOND ALLPRECEDENT. nu" 9?1 1.31.1, FINALLY, THE MISSIONARIESWERE NOT IN ANY GREATDANGER, BUT w?s?a WERE THE OBJECT 0F CONCERN ON THE NOT ONLY OF OUR OWN a COUNTRY BUT ALSO ONTHE PART OF KOREANSON BOTH SIDES 0F 3 - THE KWANGUU CONFLICT. NONETHELESS WELEARNED THAT HEROISM IS APPARENTLY NOT REQUIRED IN SITUATIONS PAGE NO. 25 1250 TEXT OF TELEGRAM BOSEDUL 007402 LIKE BUT THAT HE GIVESINSTEAD A CLEAR CONSCIOUSNESS OF WHAT WE SHOULDOR SHOULD NOT DO. TOGETHER WITH SO UN- MISTAKABLE AN ASSURANCE OF HIS CARE THAT THERE IS NO ROOM FOR THE KIND OF FEAR VHICH HEROISM CDNOUERS. HAD THINGS GONE DIFFERENTLY. OR SOME ACCIDENT OCCURRED. ONE OR MORE OF US MIGHT HAVE DIED. BUT UNLESS IT IS HEROIC TO RELAX IN THE LOVE OF GOD. WE NEVER FELT THAT HE HAS ASKING US TO BE HIS HEROES. THIS IS NOT TO SAY WE HERE IN SO CRITICAL A SITUATION. BUT ONLY TO SAY WE WERE GIVEN STRONG AND SIMPLE GIFTS WHICH MADE THESE THINGS IRRELEVANT. 7 JUNE 5-6, 1980. B/?y END QUOTE. GLEYSTEEN CONFIDENTIAL .0000 EBHHBEHHM, {151.51%} PAGE NO. 26 0000 9 0.00.. 000000 0 .0000. .0000. o. oo 0.0.0 0000. 0.00 0 00.000 5000 1250