. \erf of t^e

e3nitset0itp of iSonfi

Carolina

Collection of Bott^ Carolimana

W^i0 booh

tDa0 pte0enteti

UNIVERSITY OF N,C AT CHAPEL HILL

00032769567

must not
he taken from the
Library building.
T/i7s fooofc

 M.J

ADDRESS
^
-AT THE-

UNVKILINO OK THK

Confederate Monument
^T RALEIOH,
NIAY

By

Col.

20rt-L,

Alfred

C,

18©S.

Moore Waddell.

WILMINGTON,
LkGwin

ISr.

Bros., Printers
iSg?.

N.

C:

ami Binukks,

 Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive
in

2010 with funding from

University of Nortii Carolina at Chapel

Hill

http://www.archive.org/details/addressatunveiliOOwadd

 Xx.'

ADDRKSS.
I salute you wifli uiit'eiiiiied emotion, luj^ counti'ymeii
and countrywomen, upon tlie return of tliis liistoric day
whi(di you liave assembled here to leeonseerate liy a
new act of piety and patriotism.
Tt niaiks an epoch in
our annals. It is indeed a monumental day, and one
upon whi(di the women of Xorth Carolina, who havp
wi'ouii'ht lonii' and unceasingly, and have waited for its
dawnina,-, may reverently repeat the words of the Psalmist and say,
''This is the day whi(di the Lord hath
made; we will rejoice and be glad in it."

A

year ago, in the pi'esence of thronging thousands,
and witli imposing ceremonies whi(di were crowned by

yon laid the corner-stone of this
which now, in finished beauty, stands sentinel in the western gateway (d'your C'apitol.
The work of the artist and the artisan is done. Beneath their transfoi'uiing ton(di this column, rough hewn
from tlie ribs of the everlasting hills, with base tirm-set
and summit lifted high, now towers before you in majestic
and graceful proportions.
So the genius of Christian
civilization shajjes the homely virtues of a brave and

splendid oratory,
structure,

true people into the nol)le edifice of free government.
It is

dumb

granite, but

it

is

not voiceless to us and

will not be to our children, for it will be
appeal to their pride and patriotism.
It

stone, but instinct with glorious memories.

a

perpetual

is

inanimate

It is a silent

 fi't^iiiofial. fuit
jHtPiii.

'<v

Mint-

•iin' tilt-

I'satf

lu- rli«' !,isk

lii^tdiy.

witlion:

whicli lipcaiiiior,
-•if iPS]»(M'r.

A
'.\

ii

!»•'

'

litt'ia

f

('oiif^'fl

a

ami  o
ina]ilioo(l and

in i^noi-aiu'c.

his

alKlicaiini:

srlndar and sraresnian of

<list iiiuiiislied

The

of

l>ri<-f (Mir

iinlitl't'i (Mil

ho has ipcpiitly inadf
iiical

t<'ii([t'r

will tiaiislate

(lf><ftMi(laiif

remain

lioiioi- ;il>ly

ymi

r(»(lay in ti-acp in

no

wliidi

n\'

soldier cmh

liistoiy. a]i<l a

Hli»( iieiit

lieaj't aiiioiiu'

pnt-iii t-acli

'I'lit'

irsf'ir.

also an

is

if

a

says

iire,

rlie

South.

vahiabU' contrihut ion

to liis-

:

is never v\-r(>ng-.
Ilistury, as written, if
.'icepted in futdie \'ears will cunsit;!! the South to infainv.
If she were
..uiltv of i"el)^'llion or treason, il she adopted ami elung' to l)arl:)arisms,
'eiiti.i' -ii:^, :iiid uiiiiioi-ali'LU's. llieH Iili [iL'oi-ii- \\ i.i '-e ^IolIil-^, as it \>.-'^ tl

estal>lisltnH'Tit

truth

<>(

,

vvitli tile

tallied shirt of

Xessus, fatal to honor, to

ener^-\'. to nol)le

develop-

.Meiit, to ti'ue lite."

And
'

';e

Now.

a\ I'itej-

hisioi'y

tin' accp])t('d

jiivvions histoiy

says

:

help I'ecallino
nann-Iy. that

We
liot
If

we

like,

war.

I

lati'

Sontheinei'. readinu

a

seemed

okhai

lie is

like rlie

if.

eanmit

him 'like a ehild's liox(d'
s}>e l any word \\>' ]»least'.
s<dect su(di ]ettt:'rs as we want, arranue
aw-jj say nothir.ii al)ont those wlii(di do
to

can

\\c

^\lli(dl

lia\e (»nly to

liem as

the

is

1^'ronde said aliont histoiy generally:

\\li;ir
if

with

JefteM's

of

ii

rnited States, has l)een written

the

ol'

Xortheiai men. ami

'\\'

i

spaixT

a leccnl in*\\

for indi'struetilile vilalitx' and sul )iinie assurance, the
most ma;4'niiieent of all the famil\- of falseli ods."

suit onf imrpose.""

has seemed to

idief ]»art of the

-peakinu'

— in

leiirlessness

me

that

hoiii'

I

conld imt

allotted

t(»

hettt-i-

employ

me to-day than

a

l>y

kimlness and (diarity, but with camhtr ami

— the

nnvarnislit'd

plaifi

trntli

concei'iiinu-

he canses of and the it-spon ability for the war in wliicdi

;

r

he

iiKMi to

sacrificed,
I'ittei'

w hose
if

levilinu-

memory

this

is

land

this

monument

is

erected, were

not an occasion for vain reu'rcts or

it

is

noti.

neither

is

it

a

time

foi

 or a

'false spTiriiiiPiiT

bt'cause

truth

tlif

many

iiidilference to

duty

i)e a

to

fJtein

man say

Let no
diu'ginii'

1o

11})

intention, and

!

now

is

buried,

upt that

f(*r

tliat

\V(»rld

it

f

to

and

n(»t if

fntd

]

it

to

shall.

duty

in dist'hargin<i: this

uttei'ly

could

T

is

it

a inattf^r of

is

ion, that

,i!;eiipraf

speak as

tryin<2; to

revise

tlie

I

am

animos-

disclaim any such desire or
I would,
for they are thinos

be hoped. f(»rever;

thirty years

my

men and

of this

sectionalism,

ities of flu^ past.

the truth, and

sii])])ressi<)ii (tf

(Mthcr inilvUcwii. oi

is

i»ast.

my

l)ut 1 cannot forcountrymen, my kins-

friends have been pilhu-ied

as Iiim*raiit. l>a]'bai ous, rrriel

traitors

l)efore

and

the

relx'ls,

without the slightest justilication or excuse, souulit
to destroy the best ,<i'(*verinnent under the .sun, and
deluged a continent in blood. The charge is still made
^\•ho,

and reiterated

in c<uiversation, in scIkjoI l)(*oks.

in mao--

azine articles, in public speeches, in public records, and
It is a monstrons perversion
which self-respect and a decent regard for
memor^'of our heroic dead, compels us to denounce.

pn1)lished hist(»ries.

in

of the truth,
rlie

And now

t(t

the facts an(i the

}»ro(d'.

This day one hundred and

twenty years ago the
Mecklenburg — first of all Americans. desr)ite
doubting Thomases renounced allegiance
the
to
the British crown, declared themselves a free and independent people, and afterwards with their compatriots

men

of

—

ulorionsly

maintained,

on

declaration thus gloriously
(Ireat Declaration

them

to be.

not

a

made by

many
made,
all tlie

nation or union.

a

bloody

field,

the

A

year later the
colonies proclaimed
l)ut

free

and inde-

pendent States. They made a treaty of alliance with
France in 1778, and again in 1782 with the Netherlands

 •And

was

a ])a]-ty

iiaiiit-d

tivatv

with Swedi'ii.

its;!

ill

jieace"

i>f

as

si'r><(ti)ii

whi(di

otlu'i'

in

Statn

i\'icli
rli<'

final

ackiiowlrd^rd and iianind

tliein

sovprt'iuii

in

I'riraiii,

and

infi) a (<"ni])acr (»f

tht'V

of wliicli

t'licli

(JrHar

it.

178;!.

ill

fi't't\

Tlipy Hiitcrrd

to

Staffs.

indcjipiidi'iit

ii«i\('innit^nr

i-iMimI .\rti(dHS()f

(

with

t';i(di

'niif<Mh'rat ion.

in

a ]i»'iiM'r (lal u()\t'rnit was (hMdar<'d to
was also rxju't'ssly dfMdaird that *'\\r\\ Stat*-'
ivtaint'il its sove'reiuiit y. riiMMh)iii. and iinh-jifiidi'iici^
Tht^y afteTwaivIs seMM-Mh'il fiiuii and dt'sii-oyfd that '•prrni'w ud\''innit'nt.
])(dnal'" u'ovrinnK'iil. and ]»ro])ose'd

wliicdi,

nu*nt.

whilf

1>*'

it

:i

from

A\hi(di. w Ikmi fonin^d.

was

(hdi licra t>dy

i'()rni

that

:i

was

<d'

to

iiiadt'

of

fa\i»i'

ill

hist

uovciaimi'iit

y

niiiiorit

States was

ndiiniiiii

pass<Ml to that tdfcf-r

was

1

tith'

tin'

The man who

Supreme
••

and

who was

S)nnecticiit.
('oiii't

projjose,

ITS?. ;ind

in

\dt»'

to

and

•'Tin'

o])jc('ted

1

move,

y

to

wjiiji'only
attt'iiii»r

dfidaration

a

cont

i-a-<lis-

rt'S(dntion

was

six Stati's;

hiit

a

this

rt'solnfioii

ri'S(dnd<'(  l)y

nitcd

;i

iinani-

Sratfs""

was

w;is ()li\er l^^llswoith.

aft<'rw ai<ls

tlier«d'(n'e

[tfrpt't nit

liist

as

mdy

of

of the Tnited States,

and

rlif

union, and
a

(d'

cotnt'iition

dpl^narion asse-mhlrd

full

\die,

retained.
(

l)y

ioti

uovfiaiiiK'nt

ol)jpct('d to. it'coiisidt'it'd

nioiis

of

met

I

thf

the didcuatt's

coininit
a

ra

W'ht'ii

rt' ii'est'ntf( .

rinunisJKMl from a fcilcral

as soon as a

the dfchi

dropiMMl.

to

Chief .Justice of the

and his words

\\(Me

expimu'e the word

room (d' it. " i:o\ einmenf of
wlii(di was a.ureed to nnani nioiisly.
tlie United States"
Astoimdinii' to I'elate. the ;iruniiieiit of those who have
"Natioiml"" and jdace

in

—

(leni<Ml tlie
l)uilt

on

t

hi/ tli(' coil

tion w

riuht

(d' a

State to secede has lieen

la]-,utdy

his resol ntioll irliich icas iniaii iiinnisl i/ rrsci iith'if

rent ion.

lii(di

says "

and on the l*reanilde

We.

to

the Coiistitii-

the jieople of the I'nited States/*

 whicli tlK\v
t^ral

('((iistiiH' ti)

the

but

States,

country as one nation

had

any

mean, not

nu\ui'eoate

—a

aftei' .sliowin<i'

Edward

aniazinn' fact that

4th of .Inly, 1801,

We,

the people

calls attention to the

in a speech

on the

'"the States are not

named

Everett,

had said that

subject.

this

Federal Constitntion,'' in face of the fact that in

in the

the second clause of Article

by name; and also
of

on

the words "

how and why

whole

tlie

entity which never

writer

the I'nited States'' were used,

(d"

jkm»J)1p of tlie sev-

people of

political

A

existence.

tli»-

]\rr.

I.

each State

mentioned

is

calls attention to a similar

iNIotley in the

London Times

statement

in 1801, that

"the

name of no State" is mentioned in the whole document,
and that "it was not ratified by the States" but "1)y
the people of the whole land in their aggregate capacity
when there stands the exArticde VII " that the ratilication of

acting through conventit)ns,"
press

x^i'^'vision of

the conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the

establishment of this Vonst\tu[\(m
ratifijing the same!"'

The State

of Virginia,

bet iceeu the States so

in sanctioning the

call

of a

Convention in November, 1780, and appointing delegates
with Washington at their head, ex})ressly stipulated

new Constitution should be ratihed, not by the
legislatures of the States, but by the States themselves
that is to say, by conventions in each State and this

that the

—

—

was done by the several States, at different times, between
Novend^er 1787, and May 29th. 1790, and not by the
people of the whole land in their aggregate capacity.
"Every iota of the ConstituAs has been well said
tion was decided upon and found a place in tliat written
instrument by a vote of the States, each State having
one vote. No fact should be more perfectly notorious
:

 (f.r

known

\TeTI

tlian tliis. fcr

it

f>n tlie

very

wliicli

framed the Constitiif ii^n.''

t'a<'p

of

stands out erei

fying the Constitution,

And

announeed,

\'iruiiiia in rati
tlie

tliat

y,ranted therein miuht We lesnnied wliene^vejsliould he iH-iverted

people.

New

to-

Yoi-lv.. in

tlie-

ywfipfr-^

the Convention

itruceedino-s of

tlie

]io\vers.

tlie

same

injury or oijpre.ssion of the

I'atifyina'.

made

the

same decln

and e;ie i deidared that every ]»ower not u'ranteMl
remained to tlie States. North Carolina, for several
reasons, <)]ie of wiiieh u;is tlie selfish and sectional

j'ation.

Massadmsetts and other New Kni;'
land States^ i-efused to a<'cede to the new u-oveinnienr,
ami remained, as she had always heeii. a separate, sovereign and independent State, for nearly two years, until
Noveml^er 21st, J 780, Avhen. I)eing ])ersuaded that her
donbts and fears were not well founded, she joined tlie>
eleven ratifying States,
Kliode Island held hack until
May 20th, 1700, and then expressly reserved the right
to withdraw
whenever, in her opinion, her interests
spii-it

manifested

requij-ed

l>y

it.

The idea

that the l^)nstitution

wlnde i)eople

(d'

all

was (rdaim'd by the

the States acting as (»ne aggregate

nation was never suggested until nearly fifty years after
its

adoption, and the pretence that theie was any

to interfei-e

with the separate sovereignty

to coerce, a

State in i:ny wa}',

if it

liad

have been instantly repndiated, and.
W(uild have dissolved

of.

riglif

much

less

been mad<^ would
if

insisted upon.

the Convention then and

tliej-e.

The Constitntion id' the I'nited States was to be the
supreme law of the land, by mutual agreement of the
States, l)nt no sn(di grant of power as that (d' <'(.ercing a
State was contained in the (Constitution, and all powers
not gi-anted were I'eserved to the States, or to the pe(»ple.

 The

States created a ii'overiiment of limited powiTs and

the limits vvere detiiied in the instrument

and

creatin.ii'

it.

yet, notwithstandinii' this un([uestional)le tint h. tiieif

has been from the
violent

l)ei;innini;-

and successful

and

a persistent,

effort to

transform

it

linally a

into a con-

solidated nation.

between theXoitli and the
South, which had existed from the beu-innina'. and
whicli was the great source of anxiety to patriots of thar
day, increased with the ever-increasing wealth and
power of the North, and with this ever increasing power
ami wealth came (naturally, if you choose, a growing im})atience of any restraint u}»on their action, and a stronger

The

antaii'onism of interests

)

temptation

to

disregard those provisions of the Consti

tution which had been put into

ii

for the protection

of

the minoriry and the ])i'eservation of the equality of the

This tendency was increased by tlie fact tliat.
by the acquisition of territory the Federal (iovernmenr
had l)ecome the creator of States, instead of being, as at
the beginning, their creature a fact which explaiiied.
States.

—

l)ut

did not justify, the claim of the right of coerciou

over the original parties to the coin])act.
to

he remembered that

given by the South
ehts from

it

l)ur

it is

a large [)art of this teri'itory

— that

the North reaped

— that every concession

(d"

all

ever

was

the l)en-

any kind which

—

w^as made, was made by the South
that in every war.
the Revolution, the war of 1812, the Florida and Indian
wars, and the war wdth Mexico, she furnished largely

more than her proportion

of soldiers and claimed far
than her proportion of pensions— and that in all the
legislation of Congress conferring trade bounties, or
less

commercial or financial

benefits,

the North was alwavs

 I

10
r

lie Ix-iH'ticinrY.

nidt'iilly

iii:iiliiMl

uivr

tlie'sp lit'iHTal

1(1

(

 (

S(

)

cinciilN

st:i

and

say that

to

it

iiored.or siipcrfd at.

passed

t

h»^

and

t

Eiiiiland

of the uTeat

]>ro!i-i-e'ss

not attfm]>f

and wai

(

and

the

(d'

ion.

iit

execution

})ul>lic

intluence of this hostile

tion to the

its

leader

(d'

the

law

in

New

acted.
si)irit.

b^inally.
a

Ixxly of

stu'zed

aiseiial.

Har-

and

inaipuuratinii' a

accom})animents of r.apine
of

the

first

tion of the country

time

that

insurrecti(Ui

was

in

his

the

history

<d'

was elected ex(dusively

— that

is

to say, tlie

one

the
])y

I'nited

one sec-

u'leat evil of

were most

in

which they declared had been the ruin

of

the franiers

— that

and

tlie ]S'oiili,

States, a Pi'esideiit

dread

and
exhausted

]lo^ve)•.

name was an inspiraXorthern army duriiiu' the war. The next

apotlieosized at

for

jiidu-

a

sentiment

attemi)ted to execute their pu]'])ose of

The

IttnMt

jiidiidal tri

A'itiipeiatioii

armed men invaded the State of A iruinia.
per's Fen-y. wliere there was a u-o\ernnient

murder.

i.u'-

constitutional

of

liiuliest

who thus

those

had

\\lii(di

"oiistil

(Ldiance

act

— the

servile insurrection with

t'l'p

i>\'

void.""

resisted,

w

niiiiis

law as an act of ail»itiary

Court

sustained

the

tlie

and

the

was openly

whi(di

wliicli

was openly and insolently
a Staff whose olHeers ha<l

lawh^ss

a

(d'

the

n\'

("oiiif

denounced

ujioli

year,

tliis.

lii>:t'

iijioii

ln-refoi'H.

('oiiu'te'ss

<d"

t

null

tlierefore

and

-

leirislatiires of fonrtfeMi Noitli-

K^uisla lire

••tlie

biinal Iviiown to the

iindei'

to tlic

all prott'sts
'I'lie

Siipifnit^

guilty

a iitlioiily.

itself

occMsioii

the cxi'iits

shall,

in plain ]>nisi;anct'

nient of

l)een

nil

oil

of

;is
I

Stales niilliru'd acts

delied.

i-h

>.

SiiHicc

f-ni

Sdutli

rlin

llie rilioli.

liistoiy

l»asc(l.

stni,ii;u'le ai-n

Still

iit'vtT.

('(Mii^e*,

(if

dt^.'iilcd

;i

h)

l(»y;il

is iiii])(»ssilil<'.

It

lo

Soiitii

tlit^

of

the

Constitution

 11

}ir»'vi(us i<']iiil)lics

III]
<i

fa(fi<ni — \\:\d

Itronouuced

*"

ever seen."
Itut

most
"

— namely,

by

iti^oclaiint'd

distiniiuisht^d of
has a right to

the world

l)e

whom

said

its

ntj

has

leaders, one of

tlie

:

surprised at this state of tilings.
It is just
It is the first sectional party
about.
does not know its own face, and calls

national
but it is not national, it is sectional.
is a partv of the N<irth pledged against the South."
;

Thus the

i

justly

to bring
It
in this etiUntry-

ever organized
piarty

const Hnt

lias bpeii

true chai'acter was not only not denied.

what we have attempted
itself

it

the most terrible faction

Its

was oj)enly

No man

iiiaJDi'ily

a

at last lipeii i-ealiztMJ.

"irre^jressible conflict"

was

The Republican

precij^itated.

and

the Southern States were left no choice but to submissively accept the change Avhich

and

preservinii' the equality

hope of
the States under

destroyed

riiihts

of

all

the Constitution, or to seek peace and safety

1)y

with-

drawing' from the bnion.

They chose

the latter alternative.

they guilty of treason,
wlioni

In doing so were

rebellion

or

(

Their allegiance was not given

t

If

to

so,

against

any govern-

ment, but to the Constitution of the United States, and

they never violated

it,

but. on the contrary, only seceded

it to their injury and threatened
Did Virginia, and New York, and Khode Island,
when they expressly reserved the right to withdraw
from the Union, mean to say that they reserved the right
to rebel and commit treason
What did Massachusetts
mean when, in 1803, her legislature "Resolved that the
annexation of Louisiana to the Union transcends the
constitutional power of the Governmeut of the United
States," and that "it formed a new confederacy to which
the States united by the former compact are not bound to
adhere"
Could there be a ]ilainer declaration of the

because others violated
ruin.

t

?

right of a State to secede

i

 \2

And

New
I

Kimlaiid Statps

heii' dechil'al

'That

pL'i.plc,

•iiL-

Ai'

IS

it

aiitlioritv

I'lir

And

in

,u'atliPi>'(l

at

which

rlie

Tiieaii

)>y

ISl.").

:

infraL'tions nf the
ar.il lih'Tty <>i
nut nnly the n.^ht Imi tlic (hity mI' such State t<« intcrpi sttheir  in>t(.'cti<>n in the manner best ealeiihited to seenre

of (Ic'libL-ratf, daiv^xTnus

ii-iTiNi:

I

iiK

that

When

:-.(

ivi

I:

I

i(;\i

and

\

pal]iat>!L-

SiAir

Ml}

111

:

eir.i.'i\!.4\-neies

oeenr

common

which have no
'\\n

decisions."

J(»lii]

wliieli

adnnt

.riliunals, or too prL'ssin^- to

'

\v<m<'

-M.

i(

end."

*::at

'

i(»li

in cast.'-;

i'<aistitutii>ii.

Is

the liaitf^ud Coin cut

(lid

\\li;i(

tile reaeli i>t judiieal
to tlieir foi'ins. States

are either lie\-ond
dehi\-

ol

ineHknt

umjiire, nuist he tlieir

own

nidj^'csand execute their

?

(^iiijicv

A(hniis.

that

iS-JS, ill I'ciiai'd to

in

a

IctiPi-

iiiovi'iiKi'iir.

OHcciiiliei' :)(»th.

(d'

said

:

That their oliject was, and had been lor severad vears, a dissolution of
-lie
Union and the estahlishmLiit ol a separate Cont'edeTation he knew
trom une((uivocal evitleuce, althou,i;h not ))roval)le in a court ot law and
;

that in ease of a civil war, the aidof (ireat I'.ritain. to effect that puri)ose.
would be assuredly resorted to, as it would be iiidis])ensablv necessary to
"lieir desii;-ns."

Was
jde,
i

()]•

Joliii (^)iiiii('y

A(hmis

a

Mn^y uuilty. as

w.vre

own

slaii(hM'<'i' id' liis

lie

})hiiiily

allt'ut'il.

ieas()ual)]e dt'siiiu to subvert tlu^ ui >vei]iinHnt in a

il.ii'e

and ask

distress,

tlie

lebels
id'

and

M ho liave

and nui'sed

I

N(^w Kniilainl.

in

1780.

Fi'oni
Avitli

l»eated in
bSlf),

tliese

it

foi'

there was

]71)4.
a

Yet

tliese aie

aliout

Sontheiii

(

and secession were
1

a]ii)eal to

will

170(5

concerted

api)eaj'

that,

tfiis

beoinninu' in

180().

})lan

and from

•'Was so far matured, that the proposal
to }.ermit himsell, at the proper time, to be

re-

ISO.")

and

of secession

said
had been made to an

it

and

state-

over .lay's treaty, and
to

union—a plan which John Qnincy Adams
tary movement, which,
execution."

l>oiai

writei-s

the vei'ilication of

the excitement
17U2,

time of

plain and undeniable trutii

hat nullification

records of that section

ment.

the lond(-st

ci'ied

traitoi's, wlieii tlie

liistoi'y is,

a

assistance of (ireat I'ritain in

The accomjilishnieiit of their imijiose
rh(^  )eoj)le

])(^o^

of

to

dis-

:

individual
placed at the head of the miliwas foreseen, would be necessary to carry it into

 13

Daniel WebsteT. wjio

l»i()ui';i}ilH'i' ol'

'IMit'
T

Senafois from Massnchusetts, after

lie

" nnfortunately

tlie

facts

were against

now one

is

ailniirrinu'

'"

Mi'.

argument that the ('onstitntion was not a
tween the States, goes on to say

of

that

\\V])ster's

eom}ta('t be-

:

When

ih'j Cuiislitutiun was adopted bv the votes of States at Philadelaud accepted by the votes of States in popular conventions, it is safe
to say that there was not a man in the country from Washington and Hamilton, on the one side, to George Clinton and George ^Mason on the
other, who regarded the new system as anything but an experiment entered
into bv 'he States, and from which each and every State had the riglit to
peaceably withdraw, a right which was verv likely to be exercised."
••

phia,

And

this

yet,

same

compelled

liistorij. is

biogi-apher,

pen

to

this

who,

u-Jieii

irr/fiiKj

candid paragraph,

is

the author of a Force Bill against the Southern people,

and

a representative of the extremest views of Massa-

chusetts.

There are
arrest

at least three

extraordinary facts which will

attention of the future student of American

tlie

history in connection with secession.

One

is that,

not-

withstanding the right of a State to secede was disputed,
and, after acrimonious discussion, was finally fought
over

for

although

four years,

when the struggle ended,
amendments w^ere added to the

still,

tliree different

Constitution of the United States to secure the freedom,

and the civil and political rights of the negro race, there
was no amendment adopted, or offered, denying the
right of secession
and that, therefore, so far as any
:

declaration in the Constitution
just as

it

is

concerned,

it

remains

was before the war.

Another

— and

it

borders on the absurd

—

is

that

out

of the forty-four States of the Union, there are just nine

two border States, (West Virginia
and Maryland) and one of the Western States (Nevada,
of the seceding States,

 h

14

was

Aliicli

how deny

riolis

Nortlieru

uiiaiM

 ieo (h'

iionnced secession as

who was
'aiif

fact

iiioiisl

chai'actei'i/ed as ihe arch

tlie

abandoned

,ud\erninent

'oiislit

ii-

relieliion. )'ef

was

auainst

lieeii l»eLinn

for

de-

wiien he

iiailor ;ind rebel

iheni

rhe

alMioiiLih

vehenienrJy

and

y

and

tn'a^i'ii

that.

is

nred. and after procecdiims hail

him.

(

of secession.

tlir liullt

third extra(»rdinaiy

'I'lie

wliose

the wai)

diiiiim'

adiiiittt'd

some other

reason than c'emency to him.

conrse these

)f

(

way

\

always

or another. Imt there has

will be
iie

hinu- ha e Ixmmi aeconnted for in one

t

a 1»(di(d'

fonnd

Now.

;i

in

lie. mi

ami always

explanation of them will

that the trne

the fntnre history of the (•(.nntry.
the oilier Liieat ' crime
\\'« n'ds a b< III

few

d'

t

(

jieojile, which shocked the moral sense of
Xorthern brethren and caused them to visit them
with iii-e and sw(n(l. and lay waste theii' honies.

the Southern

Hieir

Slavery existed

and the sla\e trade
in its most ciaud form, was condncted by hor jieople for
a hundred years Itefoi-e 'Soith Caiolina bc^'anie a State.
Som(^oflli(^

laru'est

w(M'e bast'd n ion

and

in

it.

ex}iorte(l tliem

and. Worse

still,

Massacdinset

fortunes

in

Is.

]Nfn\

Tlu'y not only
aiiaiii.

but

white slaves.

Kniilaml

im]iorfed

t(»-day

neui-oes.

they sold Indians als().
Mis. Karle. a New En,u-

who wrote a book entitled ••('nstonis ami
Fashions in ()ld New I^iiizlaml."' says amoni^- other

lande]-,

thinus of the same kind;
Soiithei'ii

m'wspa]»e]s

••!

have ne\ au- seen

ad \ei-tistMiients

iti

any

m'uro sales

(»f

that surpass in lieartlessness and viciousiu'ss the adver-

tisements of our
('eldlll'y.

ofhrr

Ne,<4ro

New England

ii/rrcJi<iii(J/.s('."

slaves,

ami

jtapeis of the Kiuhtt cnt

children wei'e sold
p]ven

'deft, amoii^u-

.bunitlian

other

/>//

tlic

jionnd,

Kdwards

[>ro it-rty. a

(IS

owned

iieuro boy.""

 15

Wlieii Tlioiims
au'aiiist

(

Jroru'c

peiidence.

]u^

(

,lriV(M'S(»ii
lie

put

'Tliiid.

in as

of the slave ti'ade nu
<)nt.

was
in

ixMiiiiiiu'

tlic

1

one of the

)('claiati<)ii

outi'aut'.-;

but

tlie ('olonies,

iiKlicriiiHiiT

liis

it

IikIh

<>f

I'oi'ciim

tlif

was stricken

not only for the sup})osed benefit of the Sonthei'ii

^^tates.

bnt becanse

i-etiected

it

on the slave

tradei's of

Massachnsetts and Rhode Island,

whose slave shi])s
infested tlie seas in the ti'afhc.
Maiyhind, \'iiiiinia,
North Carolina, Sontli Carolina and (leoi'i^ia had all
passed laws either piohibitin^' the importation of slaves,
or iniposinu' a very heavy tax per head on them.
In
the

178(t

dnty of

North Carolina law was passed, ini])osinu' a
five })ounds pei- head, which was very nearly thr'

valne of a slave at that time,

l)nt

the next

y^-ai'

the

New

P^n^land ami extreme Sonthern States cond)ineMl. and a
compromise was inserted in the Constitntioii l)y which
rhe slave trade was })rolon_ii-ed until 1808.
As a domestic
institution, slavery existed in every

when the

Coirstitution

])i'ovided for in

was adopted, and
instrur:ient.

tjiat

of the I'nited States, in

that

tile

"was

State except

many

protection of the

was expressly

The Su}>reme

cases,

ri<i-lit

it

one

(%)urt

solemnly declared

of propei'ty in

slaves

fundamental article, with(Uit the adoption of
When
whicli the Tnion would not have l)een foi'iiied.''
the Northern States, in ISol, were openly and defiantly
a

nullifying the Constitution and the laws on this subject,

Daniel Webster said

:

"I do not hesitate to say and repeat that if the Northern States refuse
wilfully and deliberately to carry into effect that part of the Constitution
which respects the restoration of fugitive slaves, and Congress provide no
A
remedy, the South would no longer be bound to observe the compact
bargain broken on one side is broken on all sides."
.

Indeed, no sane person ever raised any question as to
the provision of the Constitution.

was contemptuously

It

repudiated by

was admitted, but
Northern States.

 16
Hhil

by

es )t-'('i;illy

I'espoiisiliilit

sliil'r

liMtidlls.

of

;i,i:,UJ>'ssi(iiis

had l)een
formed.

Tlie

his History

tl .'

;iil'

>ii

y

t

syiii]i;ir]iy

tlin

was

feeliiiLi-

the

tin,'

;is

to

foi'eiiiii

to the

the South

was
William

u(>\"ei-in)ieiir

exjii'essed

l)y

contained in

pnolisiied

State's,

I'lnteil

(if

altliouuh

e^-ei- sijiee

the followiiiu- seiite]ic<\

ill

while

Sfart's.

with false dies

slave powtM'."

till,'

ti'iu'

(d'

f\cirH

;ni<l

in tlie iiiiiM

riiHeii Uixajit

war

y

tilled

rllt'y

Nrw England

rlie

since the

:

.^et,'
that the qtR'stinn was not simphImt of the supix-niacy nf an ill-h<irn, illliix-d, UTUMhicated ami brutal haiidlul of slavfholdcrs <iver a people of a
of lilood, with eeiitui'ies of ^'entle ireedin.t;', and a hi,i^h
lii,t;"her strain
••

iif

\\\'l>stur

tlie

would

nwiKTslii])

nr

lint,

hUiL-k

(it'

ciiulil Tidt,

niL-n.

1

de,i;'ree

of moral

and

And when

the

such

fi-<im

"cried

intelleetual

Sontli

lia\'oi-

aiul

fo]- tlu'

let

sade

and

i»resei\af ion

fo]- tile

soULihr

tinally

withdrawal as

holdei'"s rehtdiion,

them,"

and treache](Uis
slip the dous of

insolent

deiiouiH'inu' he)'

traini".^;' be'liind

of

the I'nioii

privileucs

they

ii ion he]-.

ajid

itiu' it

into

abolition of slavei'v. and

(d the ne^'ro to the fullesl

wai'"'

tieason

Jinally convert

se-jiaration

a

associate--,

a

slave-

fr(uu a

fanatical

a

war
ciii

the aihancement
(»f

Anu'rican citi-

zenshii).

So
I

inu(di for this topic, wliicli. like that

have me'rely

toiiclied

npon. and which

(d'

secession.

would

reqriire

and full treatnuMit, a Inindred speeclu^-. The
South did not ,u'o to wai' foi' slavery.
As has been said
a thousand times it was the occhs/oh. not the cause of
the war.
was an institution, li'iiaranteed ami tu'oft
tect(Ml by tln^ roiistitntion, as exclusively within tlie
for its just

control of the States,

served rights of

ence with
I'esei'ved

t!u'

and

wlieii

th<^

eijiiality

and

re-

States were attacked by interfei'-

it, there was just u'rouml to beliexe tiiat other
and uiiaranteed rii;lits would be assailed, ami

 17
tlip

equality of

tlie

Stat^^s

Southern

jjeoith:" r(-soi't.-'<l

ever been

suirii'ested,

destroyed.

to the

even

l)y

T1ier(4ore

only remedy

New

whi'-h

the

had

England, and that

was secession.
They sought peace and not a quarrel — they asked that
there might be no violence or blood-shed, l)ut a separation and an equitalde and honoral^le adjustment of all
interests.
But it was not to be. Tliey were forced to
defend their liberties and their homes, and the Confedto attract the admiring gaze of
erate S<_)ldier api)eared
world,
win
immortality
the
and
an
of fame, but alas
only to suffer and be strong in a h(q)e]ess struggle.
He needs no vindication from mortal lips. Taught
from his childhood, as all xlmerican youth had been,
that in any event and under all circumstances, his first
allegiance and whole duty was to his State, her call for
his services was his all-sufficient justilicati<in. as it was
his proudest badge of citizenship.
He did not hate, but
]iad always loved the Union, and would have been ready,
as his fathers always were, to give his fortune and his life

—

I

in its defense against a foreign foe

;

but he loved his

State more, and to her appeal his heart lea^ied respon-

and his hand grasped the sword.
shall frame in fitting words the story of his
career'!'
Courage on the battle field isthe common attribute of good soldiers everywhere, and if that constituted
his only claim to admiration, he would be but an ordinary figure on the page of history.
But it is the moral aspect of liis career that is sublime.
It was his magnificent str^iggie against overwhelmingodds for the preservation of constitutional liberty, for
the right of self-government, for all, indeed, that was
sacred in his heritage that has made him a hero and „
sive

Who

 18
fii;iit\

for

1-

iiKidc.

And

\\]\u\

only nuaiiist

and

•^olll•<•os.

every

:ill

in»i

(»\

rliis iiinuJiiHcpiit strng.o:]^

w:is

and

iv-

erw

f( ni])niHiits. !)ut in

country l>lockadi'd

;)

ui'adnally stri])i)ed of

jioit.

forces,

litdiiiiiiLi'

tin'

at

jueans

coniiMoiH'st

pay him for his services, ami
and staivation. Still, thi'oniih

of snUsislenci". njiable to
iinallv ifdnci'd

ra,us

alh cvrii to the last nionifni. hf stood

it

(,iit

to

]iatiHnl, (dict'rl'nU self-saiTilicini:.. l>ra\ •
(•;iii

withhold

.'iiid

honor,

dam

I

and

.Inst as at

of

<n(di \ii'tut's

llif

(

1

i

1

forniation

tli''

ami

ca

I'ld'ascd

n\'

Ina-

.

that

fli<'

of

hath

so

]»i'aise.

smi

the

traitor

;i

I'nioii Xoi'tli
ii.

W'ho'

trne.

;iiid

trilmtt^

nosscssoi'

Indi'

accession to

"on IVdrrac}

tism, she \\ithlield

lie'

who

and

r>'-- nM't.

man da r<'

fa

lifhl lia(d<
tioii

from

iidlt'xil>h'.

^

("ai'idinai

the foinia

;it

with characteristic conserva-

nssent, in the

lio])e

id'

an annca

adjnstment. nntil the jwocla mat ion (d* tlie newly
deeded sectional {'resident, calliimon hei' for troops to
war oil her Southern sisiej-s, fell uiioii hei' ears, and

l)le

sonl.

lii'ed jna'

(

)n this

sh(^

auain ileclared

fo]-

battle.

selves \\drihy
1

Fidi

themse \fs
(d*

hi^^toric

l)itrst.

'.

oi'

dead,

:!4

years

a.u'o,

four years

for

Il(t\v

Did they

their l\e\<iliit iojciry sires

turn, not to the testimony of

livinii'

ami

n])oii hf-r jteojile,

the coidlict

in

day.

imlepeinh'nce. nnd uirded herself

The war (dond

pitiless iieltinu'
(]nit

hei-

same

i'^'deral

or

(

^

did they ac

them

]»]'()ve

For airswer

any commandini:'

'onfederate.

its

— not

(tfficer,

even

tn

that ntterance of the stainless Lee. in the last agonies of

Ajipomattox

:

*"(iod l)less old ^'orth Caiidina.*"

to the inscrii>tion
last at
I

foe.

I

point

on that stone, "First at 3^-^ Bethel,

ikTHAiiNdl^." CO(^U'^t^<^^ky^^i^^

appeal
T

and the

to

the recoms. written alike

tender her poll-list of voters of
total of her

by friend and

1861— 118, (»()<).

Confederate rank and

tile

— 125, Odo.

 19
I

point to

of the

tlie fact tliat sli^^

tsoldiei.s

dt'

contributed nearly one-tifth

(-onfederate

tlie

one-fourtli of those killed in ])attle

army

—

—

fliat sin-

lost

than one-fourth of those who died of wounds
she lost one-third of those who died of disease.
I

the appalling and unprecedented fact

cite

Uettysburii', her

lost

tliat slie

UKtrn

—

tliai

that at

ever-memorable Twenty-Sixth Regiment

lost 90 per cent, of the mt-n carried into action.
I

put in evidence the

of Virginia, she left

fa<'t

more

on several l)attle fields
and wounded than all

that,

<lead

the Southern States coiid)ined.
I

remind

you

that

lici-

Kegimenr

Thirt3^-Secon<l

standard of the Confederate States at

floated the

tlic

North whi<'h it ever reached.
proudly show that one of her sons, conmianding a
Confederate shi]), was the only man who carried the
Confederate flag around the world.
And, finally, I show that when the end came, and her
banners were furled, V)oth at Appomattox and at (Ireeusfarthest ]ioint
I

V)oro,

she stacked twice as

many

rifles

as anj*

othei

State of the Confederacy.

This

the answer, the glorious answer, which North

is

who ask where she was and
what she did during the war between the States. To
every call of duty — whether to stain with )>leeding feet
tlie rough line of march, or to labor in the trenches, or

Carolina makes to those

to lead the

way

cover a retreat
Shall

deeds?

I

into the flaming hell

Ask me
a

or to

— her steady answer always was "Adsum."

recite the times,

volume into

of battle,

to

and the

[)laces,

condtJise j^ears into^^an

word, a prolonged and

thi'illing

and
hour,

the
a

tragedy

into a brief sigh.

Go, listen to the Atlantic breeze that sings

in the pint

 .

•JO

fidiii

f(>it'j>rs
l''l(iri(l;i

un.

:

rivfts of
i

t

liioiiuli

lowland

hpsidr

sit

lie

'I

or

I

hi

lie

I

rocky

]>as>>i's,

U

llicll

o\ e - ool<

steeji asc'eiiT

eafs to hear, from
\

eiy

ro(d<.- will

lirt^e'ze

conie

and

— aiid

r(i)diiL:li
U}»i

rlie

»ii

MitUlltaill. ol
t

ll

to

e Shelia lid
liiiii

stieani. aye.

and

Old North Stale.
She boasts iiol she never did of any

file
o;i

  

liarh

tliar

fioni tie

prai-e and

id'

ui't-nf

nisliiim

as.

stand

,u».

;

nf tlif

uramlly

valley of

tril'iite

a

any
ui(N'>

ofSollMl

lie

r

sea

tlic

Lookout

(d'

\

ulidiuii-

Ikid^'e,

_\

llifii

oi-

seek

rliey

St ificlit's.

Is

In'ar

li.

cf

ca}»fs

tlin

t<>

of

untrr.v

rlir

;iml

lif S(.iit

heiiillfs of Cellietel
t

}i<'iiiiisi(];i

\'ir,iiini;i

tli«'

liouoi-

to

riie

:

liiellts.

So far

Irniii

niolials of tliein,

of llieir ow
a

n.

hut has

sneer.

(»r

her

of

lievel

l>eo]tle

f

o\\ n hetirt. to

preserved the

turns with uiafitmh" and honest
lier

?iie-

t<»

keep

fo]

then!

ate careful

w hich. w heii unkind,

degenerate sous disliotior

ever bless and ]U('ser\"e

a(diieve-

h^!'

content to snlwritute

l>e(ui

sacred shrine in her

]ieii;hl)or'<

she has

it.

which

<

]iride.

May

hei'.

(lod

she
for

!

His choicest lilessiiu^s upon you. ()li.
wiunen of North Carcdina win* lia\e jnti'sued with unI

invoke,

too.

I

nau\i;inu- zeal

day

and dtnotion the nolde dcsiu-n \vhi( h i> tlii-and upo]] whiidi you may n'ow look

nccoiiiplished,

witli su]ireinest satisfa<'ti(ni.
lljonuniellt

own

exclusively to the

State. iKU'

do

\\<'

Vou
(

^

ill

havi- not erected this
fi^deia te

confine our lo\

iu,u

l>i.'ad

of our

frihutes to

them

alone.

W'e eiiduace
inendu'aiK'e all

in

the w

i(h'

wlio laid

sweep

down

<i{'

our affectionate re

tlndr li\'es in defence of

the riulits and liberties of the Southern States and j^eo]>le.

From

upon the Canadian border to
where the warm waves lap softly upon the yellow sand;:?
the cold blue lakes

 21
of the

(riilf.

on

some

and in a thousand
inonuments like tliis.

a rli(»usaii(l hill-sides

vallnys they sleep

— some

l)eneath

innnknown
memory of all alike.
Tliey deserve sindi tribnte if mortal men ever did. and
never was it paid more sincerely than now and here.
Stand then, bronze image of liini who wore the gray
in i)rivate cemeteries, thonsaiids. alas

graves.

We

I

love and honor the

!

Tlion canst not meet with calmer

mien than did he

tlie

sunshine and the storm. Xot more enduring is thy granite
base than the love on which he rests. Thou art a tri-

umph

he was God's gift to his country. Thou
shalt perish, but he shall live forever in the hearts of
of Ai't

;

his people.

..,^^^3®S^^^£

  

 

 

 

 .- gr