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1-19-2017

Profile of Youth Committed at Long Creek Youth
Development Center as of July 1, 2016
Maine Department of Corrections

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Recommended Citation
Maine Department of Corrections, "Profile of Youth Committed at Long Creek Youth Development Center as of July 1, 2016" (2017).
Corrections Documents. 33.
http://digitalmaine.com/doc_docs/33

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 Profile of Youth Committed at
Long Creek Youth Development Center
as of July 1, 2016

Maine Department of Corrections
January 19, 2017

 Table of Contents
Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Demographics................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Special Education .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Adjudications .................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Residential Status Prior to Commitment............................................................................................................. 3
Mental Health and Substance Use .......................................................................................................................... 4
Mental Health Services ............................................................................................................................................... 4

Notes on the data ................................................................................................................................... 6
Age and gender at commitment ....................................................................................................... 7
Race and ethnicity at commitment ................................................................................................. 8
County of residence at commitment............................................................................................... 9
Special education services at commitment ................................................................................ 10
Adjudications at commitment ........................................................................................................ 10
Residential status at commitment ................................................................................................ 14
Mental health diagnoses ................................................................................................................... 16
Substance use ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Mental health services....................................................................................................................... 21

2

 Summary
Long Creek Youth Development Center files were reviewed for 79 youth committed as of
July 1, 2016. The Department of Health and Human Services, Office of MaineCare Services
provided data on the episodes and days of mental health services for these youth beginning
in 2009. The information was combined into a single spreadsheet for analysis. The purpose
of the analysis was to understand better the adjudication history, mental health and
substance use diagnoses of committed youth, and the level of mental health services they
received prior to entering Long Creek.
Demographics
Youth at Long Creek range in age at commitment from 13 to 19. Most youth (48.7%)
are committed at ages 16 and 17.*
Most youth at Long Creek are males (87%).
Most youth at Long Creek are Caucasian (74%)
Youth at Long Creek come from all parts of Maine; in this cohort, youth from
Aroostook, Kennebec, and York counties were over-represented compared to
overall county populations of youth. No youth were committed from Franklin,
Hancock, Knox or Piscataquis counties.
Special Education
A total of 52 youth (67%) received special education services between 2009 and
their date of commitment.
A total of 6 youth (8%) had “Section 504” education plans (in compliance with
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973).
Adjudications
Most males had more than five adjudications (43%) or 3-5 adjudications (40%) by
the time they were committed to Long Creek.
17 year-olds most frequently have more than five offenses, followed by 16, 18 and
15 year-olds.
The most frequent offenses for which youth are committed for all ages are theft (all
classes; includes by unauthorized taking, use and deception), assault (all classes;
includes aggravated assault and domestic violence assault), criminal mischief, and
burglary (all classes, includes motor vehicle).
Ten youth had adjudicated felonies (12.8%); one female (10%) and nine males
(13.2%).
Residential Status Prior to Commitment
Most youth (42.3%), regardless of age, are living with their families at commitment.
29.5% of youth move from residential treatment directly to commitment.
Three youth were committed twice. The age at commitment in this report reflects age at second
commitment (age 14 for one youth who was committed twice at that age; age 18 for one who was originally
committed at age 15; and age 19 for another who was originally committed at age 15).
*

3

 The number and percentage of youth by residential status at commitment are as
follows:
Residential Status
Family
Residential treatment
Multiple (Living in more than one situation of friends, family, or extended
family)
Extended family
Friend
Homeless
Hospital
Foster
Alone
Friend
Not known

Number Percentage
of youth
of youth
33
42.3
23
29.5
10
12.8
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
3

2.6
1.3
2.6
1.3
2.6
1.3
1.3
3.8

Mental Health and Substance Use
Most youth (84.6%) arrive at Long Creek with three or more mental health
diagnoses.
For females, the most frequently occurring diagnoses (excluding conduct disorders)
are post-traumatic stress disorder (24%), mood disorder (19%), and substance use
disorder (15%).
For males, the most frequently occurring diagnoses (excluding conduct disorders)
are attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (26%), mood disorder (20%), depressive
disorder including dysthymia (11%), and post-traumatic stress disorder (11%).
Most youth (82%) at Long Creek use substances. Severity of use is not included in
the files; however 3 females and 15 males have a substance use disorder diagnosis
(see above).
The primary substance of choice is by far cannabis, with 76% of youth using
cannabis as primary, secondary or tertiary substance of choice.
Mental Health Services
Requirements for various levels of care, especially for residential treatment, have
changed over the period of data collection (2009 – 2016). The analysis here does not
reflect these changes.
Youth and families at times refuse services. The analysis here does not reflect this.
Similarly, the analysis does not reflect any events occurring in a youth’s life that may
have an impact on the effectiveness of specific interventions or services.
Prior to being committed, Long Creek youth receive hundreds of days of behavioral
health services, rising in acuity over time.
27% of youth received more than 20 episodes of services (excluding residential
substance use treatment and regardless of number of days of each service), and

4

 nearly one third (30%) received 10-19 episodes of services. The remaining 43%
received 0-9 episodes of service.
The average days of MaineCare service (excluding medication management and
residential substance use services) prior to commitment range from 1520 (19 year
olds) to 3938 (13 year olds).
Average days of treatment prior to commitment and percentage of youth receiving
services are as follows:
Service Categories
Mental health outpatient services
Includes individual and group outpatient therapy for
mental health and co-occurring disorders; intensive
outpatient treatment; behavioral health homes
Substance use outpatient services
Includes individual and group outpatient therapy for
substance use disorders; intensive outpatient treatment
School based behavioral health services
Includes mental health services provided by educational
system, including Individualized Education Programs (IEP)
Family and community based services
Includes Child Assertive Community Treatment (ACT);
Home and Community Based Treatment (HCT); Functional
Family Therapy (FFT); Multi-Systemic Therapy (MST);
Community Integration (CI); Multidimensional Treatment
Foster Care (TFC); and Targeted Case Management (TCM)
Residential treatment
Includes residential and intensive residential treatment at
private non-medical institutions (PNMI), all mental health
and mental retardation levels
Note: does not include residential treatment for substance
use disorders
Residential substance use treatment
Includes residential treatment, but not hospitalization, for
substance use disorder
Crisis
Includes crisis private non-medical institutions (PNMI)
Medication management
Inpatient hospitalization days
Includes psychiatric inpatient (instate and out-of-state
hospitals)

# Youth
Receiving
59

% Youth
Receiving
75.6

Average
Days
667

23

29.5

122

27

34.6

259

62

79.5

994

33

42.3

229

17

21.8

76

32

41.0

19

42
38

53.8
48.7

539
29

5

 Notes on the data
Adjudications. The data here do not reflect the number of episodes not adjudicated
before commitment. For females in particular, but for some males as well, assault
episodes while in residential treatment mount before a single adjudicated charge
leads to commitment at Long Creek.
Information from schools. Documentation from schools or the Department of
Education is not readily available, so information on suspensions, expulsion, school
disruption and special education services (except for Individualized Education Plan
services supported by MaineCare) were included in the database but not analyzed.
School information in the database was based on Post Dispositional Reports,
Juvenile Community Corrections Officers’ verbal reports and/or the Integrated
Assessment and should not be considered complete.
Substance use services. Services for substance use treatment are under-reported
here; the information in the files does not include inpatient substance use
treatment, and sometimes behavioral health treatment addresses substance use as
well as mental health issues.
Hospitalization. MaineCare data on hospitalizations includes psychiatric inpatient
care only (instate and out-of-state hospitals). Information on hospitalizations for
other reasons is not included in the database or analysis.
MaineCare data understate days of service. Data on days of service provided by
MaineCare offer a wealth of information; however, data reported should be
considered the minimum services received, because many youth are not MaineCare
members for a continuous period before commitment. Youth who do not receive
MaineCare services, such as the few who have private insurance, are not included in
calculations of days of service.

6

 Age and gender at commitment
79 youth were committed at Long Creek as of July 1, 2016. One youth was a federal case
and was excluded from this analysis.
87% of youth were male, and 13% were female.
The average age at commitment was 16.3 for males and 16 for females.
Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
by Age and Gender at Commitment
25
20
15
10

12

5
0

2
Age 13

9
1
Age 14

2

4

2

Age 15

Age 16

Age 17

15
13%

17
29%

1
Age 18

4
Age 19

19 13
5% 3%

14
13%

18
18%

Females

12

9

19 13
6% 3%

Males

20

16
18%

All Youth

18
17%

17
28%

18 14
10% 10%

14
13%
15
14%
16
20%

Males

17
20%

15
20%

16
40%

Females

7

 Race and ethnicity at commitment
Males are more diverse ethnically and racially than females.
The vast majority of youth (74.4%) are Caucasian.
Long Creek Admitted Youth 7/1/16
Ethnicity, Race and Gender at Commitment
70
60
50

9

40
Females

30

Males

49
20
10
2
0

1
5

1

Caucasian Native Am African Am Asian Am

1
Asian

4

4

African

>1 race

Note: Comparing statewide minority youth involvement in Maine’s juvenile justice system with
non-minority youth creates a misleading impression of disproportionate minority contact.
According to Disproportionate Contact: Youth of Color in Maine’s Juvenile Justice System 2015
published by the University of Southern Maine Muskie School of Public Service, calculating a
statewide disproportionate minority contact rate is misleading because most counties have very
few youth of color in the base population and the ‘parity’ of these counties mitigates the
disproportionality of those counties that. The report finds that disproportionate minority contact
is present in 5 of the 6 counties in which it can be measured (Androscoggin, Aroostook,
Cumberland, Kennebec, and York.) The report is available online at
http://muskie.usm.maine.edu/justiceresearch/Publications/Juvenile/DMC.FINAL.05.15.2015.pdf

8

 County of residence at commitment
Females come from five of Maine’s counties, and males come from twelve counties.
Compared to county youth populations (ages 10-19), youth from Aroostook, Kennebec and
York counties are over-represented at Long Creek. Youth from Cumberland, York and
Penobscot counties are underrepresented.
No youth were committed from Franklin, Hancock, Knox or Piscataquis counties.
Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
by Location and Gender at Commitment
16
14
12
10
8

11

8

13

Males
Females

6
4

6

6

2

4
1

1

AR

CU

0
AN

6
2

KE

LI

4

3

1
OX

PE

SA

Long Creek Youth

WAS
3%

AN
8%

YO
18%

WAL
3%

SA
4%

PE
9%

WAS
2%
AR
9%

LI
2%

KE
15%

2

3

WAL

WAS

YO

YO
15%

AN
9%

WAL
3%
SO
4%
SA
2%
PI
1%

OX
5%

SO

2

Maine Youth Ages 10-19

CU
18%

SO
6%

5

AR
5%

CU
22%

PE
12%

OX
4%

KE
9%
LI KN
2% 3%

FR
2%
HA
4%

9

 Special education services at commitment
A total of 52 youth (67%) received special education services between 2009 and their date
of commitment.
A total of 6 youth (8%) had “Section 504” education plans (in compliance with Section 504
of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973).

Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
Youth receiving special education or Section 504 prioir to commitment

None
25%

Section 504 Plans
8%

Special
Education
67%

Adjudications at commitment
Most males had more than five adjudications (43%) or 3-5 adjudications (40%) by the time
they were committed to Long Creek.
17 year-olds most frequently have more than five offenses, followed by 16, 18 and 15 yearolds.
The most frequent offenses for which youth are committed for all ages are theft (all classes;
includes by unauthorized taking, use and deception), assault (all classes; includes
aggravated assault and domestic violence assault), criminal mischief, and burglary (all
classes, includes motor vehicle).
Ten youth had adjudicated felonies (12.8%); one female (10%) and nine males (13.2%).

10

 Long Creek Committed Youth
by Number of Adjudications and Gender at Commitment
July 1, 2016
35
30
25
20

27

15

Males

29

Females

10

12

5
0

3

4

2

1-2

3-5

>5

1
NK

Not
Known
10%

Not
Know
n
1%

>5
39%

1-2
20%

3-5
40%

All Youth

>5
43%

1-2
17%

3-5
40%

Males

1-2
30%

>5
20%

3-5
40%

Females

11

 Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
Number of Adjudications by Age at Commitment
25

1

20
NK

11

15
6
10

3

5
0

4

6

4

5

1
1

3

2

Age 13

Age 14

Age 15

4
Age 16

>5

4

3-5

8

7

2

2

2

1
1

Age 17

Age 18

Age 19

1-2

Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
Offenses for Which Youth Are Committed
Offense
Theft (all classes, includes by unauthorized taking, use, and
deception)
Assault (all classes, includes aggravated assault and domestic
violence assault)
Criminal mischief (includes aggravated criminal mischief)
Burglary (all classes, includes motor vehicle)
Reckless/disorderly conduct
Criminal threatening (includes with dangerous weapon)
Unlawful sexual touching/contact/assault (all classes)
Gross Sexual Assault (includes all classes)
Arson (includes all classes)
Refusal to submit to arrest
Terrorizing
Criminal trespass (all classes)
Unlawful possession of scheduled drug (all schedules)
Violation of protection order
Failure to report/control fire
Threatening display of weapon
Trafficking in prison contraband
Obstructing report of crime
Robbery A
Violating conditions of release

Total Offenses
(all youth)
42
42
32
18
9
7
6
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1

12

 Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
by Number of Felonies and Gender at Commitment
70
60
50
40

Males

51

30

Females

20
10

17

0

1
Felonies

9
No Felonies

Felonies
10%

Felonies
23%

No
Felonies
77%

All youth

Felonies
25%

No
Felonies
75%

Males

No
Felonies
90%

Females

13

 Residential status at commitment
Most youth (42.3%), regardless of age, are living with their families at commitment.
29.5% of youth move from residential treatment directly to commitment.
The number and percentage of youth by residential status at commitment are as
follows:
Residential Status
Family
Residential treatment
Multiple (Living in more than one situation of friends, family, or extended
family)
Extended family
Friend
Homeless
Hospital
Foster
Alone
Friend
Not known

Number Percentage
of youth
of youth
33
42.3
23
29.5
10
12.8
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
3

2.6
1.3
2.6
1.3
2.6
1.3
1.3
3.8

14

 Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
by Age and Residential Status at Commitment
25

1
1
1

20

NK
1

15

Homeless

7

Hospital
Res Tx

3
1
1
10

4

1

Foster
Alone

4

4

Multiple
Friend

1

5

2
5

1
5

Ext. Fam

1
11

4

2

3

5

5

Age 17

Age 18

Family

2
0
Age 13

Age 14

Age 15

Age 16

15

 Mental health diagnoses
Most youth (84.6%) arrive at Long Creek with three or more mental health diagnoses.
Twelve youth had fewer than three diagnoses.
For females, the most frequently occurring diagnoses (excluding conduct disorders) are
post-traumatic stress disorder (24%), mood disorder (19%), substance use disorder (5%
cannabis use disorder, 5% alcohol use disorder, and 5% substance use disorder), and
attention deficit hyperactive disorder (14%).
For females, the most frequent primary diagnosis is post-traumatic stress disorder.
For males, the most frequently occurring diagnoses (excluding conduct disorders) are
attention deficit hyperactive disorder (26%), mood disorder (20%), depressive disorder
including dysthymia disorder (11%), and post-traumatic stress disorder (11%),
For males, the most frequent primary diagnosis is mood disorder.

16

 Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
Females: All Mental Health Diagnoses
(excluding conduct disorder diagnoses)

CUD
5%

ANX
FASD 5%

Abbreviations in Charts

9%

PTSD
24%

DD
9%

RAD
5%

ADHD
14%

SUD
5%

MD
19%

AUD
5%

Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
Females: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Mental Health
Diagnoses (excluding conduct disorder diagnoses)
6
5

5

4
Primary

3

3
2

2
1

1

1

1 1

RAD

SUD

MD

Secondary

2

1

11

AD (adjustment disorder)
ADHD (attention deficit hyperactive
disorder
ANX (anxiety disorder)
APD (antisocial personality disorder)
ASP (Asperger’s)
AUD (alcohol use disorder)
BIP (bipolar disorder)
COG (cognitive disorder)
CUD (cannabis use disorder)
DD (depressive disorder, including
dysthymic disorder)
DMDD (disruptive mood disregulation
disorder)
IED (intermittent explosive disorder)
MD (mood disorder)
PD (personality disorder)
PDD (pervasive developmental disorder)
RAD (reactive attachment disorder)
SCHIZ (schizophrenia)

Tertiary

1

1

0
PTSD

AUD ADHD

DD

FASD

ANX

CUD

17

 Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
Males: All Mental Health Diagnoses (excluding conduct disorder diagnoses)
RAD SCHIZ
2% 2%
SUD AD
2% 3%
PTSD
11%

PDD
2%

ADHD
26%

PD
1%

MD
20%
ANX
5%

IED
1%

FASD
3%

APD
ASP 1%
1%
DD
11%

CUD
7%

BIP
COG 2%
1%

AUD
2%

18

 Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
Males: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Mental Health Diagnoses
(excluding conduct disorder diagnoses)
16
15
14

12
11
10

10

9
Primary

8

8
7

Secondary

7
6

6
5

5

4

4
3

3

3
2

2
1
0

Tertiary

6

2
1

1

1

2
1

1

1
0

ADHD ANX

APD

ASP

AUD

BIP

3

2

0
AD

3

COG

CUD

0
DD

FASD

1

1

11

11

11

0
IED

MD

PD

PDD PTSD RAD SCHIZ SUD

19

 Substance use
Most youth (82%) at Long Creek use substances. Severity of use is not
included here; however 3 females and 15 males have a substance use
disorder diagnosis (see above).
The primary substance of choice is by far cannabis, with 76% of youth using
cannabis as primary, secondary or tertiary substance of choice.

Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Substances Used
50

47

45
40
35
30

27

25
Primary
20
15

Secondary
14

14
11

11

Tertiary
12

10
6
5

2

1 111 1 1 1

3

1

1

1

2

11

0

20

 Mental health services
Requirements for various levels of care, especially for residential treatment,
have changed over the period of data collection (2009 – 2016). The analysis
here does not reflect these changes.
Youth and families at times refuse services. The analysis here does not reflect
this. Similarly, the analysis does not reflect any events occurring in a youth’s
life that may have an impact on the effectiveness of specific interventions or
services.
Prior to being committed, Long Creek youth receive hundreds of days of
behavioral health services, rising in acuity over time.
27% of youth received more than 20 episodes of services (excluding
residential substance use treatment and regardless of number of days of each
service), and nearly one third (30%) received 10-19 episodes of services. The
remaining 43% received 0-9 episodes of service.
The average days of MaineCare service (excluding medication management
and residential substance use services) prior to commitment range from
1520 (19 year olds) to 3938 (13 year olds).
Average days of treatment prior to commitment and percentage of youth
receiving services are as follows:

21

 Service Categories
Mental health outpatient services
Includes individual and group outpatient therapy for
mental health and co-occurring disorders; intensive
outpatient treatment; behavioral health homes
Substance use outpatient services
Includes individual and group outpatient therapy for
substance use disorders; intensive outpatient treatment
School based behavioral health services
Includes mental health services provided by educational
system, including Individualized Education Programs (IEP)
Family and community based services
Includes Child Assertive Community Treatment (ACT);
Home and Community Based Treatment (HCT); Functional
Family Therapy (FFT); Multi-Systemic Therapy (MST);
Community Integration (CI); Multidimensional Treatment
Foster Care (TFC); and Targeted Case Management (TCM)
Residential treatment
Includes residential and intensive residential treatment at
private non-medical institutions (PNMI), all mental health
and mental retardation levels
Note: does not include residential treatment for substance
use disorders
Residential substance use treatment
Includes residential treatment, but not hospitalization, for
substance use disorder
Crisis
Includes crisis private non-medical institutions (PNMI)
Medication management
Inpatient hospitalization days
Includes psychiatric inpatient (instate and out-of-state
hospitals)

# Youth
Receiving
59

% Youth
Receiving
75.6

Average
Days
667

23

29.5

122

27

34.6

259

62

79.5

994

33

42.3

229

17

21.8

76

32

41.0

19

42
38

53.8
48.7

539
29

22

 Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
Average Days of MaineCare Services Prior to Commitment by Age
(excluding medication management and
residential substance use treatment)
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Average

Age 13

Age 14

Age 15

Age 16

Age 17

Age 18

Age 19

3938

1849

2131

2559

1829

2621

1520

Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
Percentof Youth Receiving Services by Type of Service
100%
90%
80%

20.5%

24.4%

70%
60%

46.2%

50%

57.7%
65.4%

40%

51.3%

59.0%

No

70.5%

30%

78.2%

Yes

20%
10%
0%

75.6%

34.6%

79.5%

42.3%

41.0%

29.5%

53.8%

48.7%

21.8%

23

 Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
Percentage of Youth by Episodes of Service at Commitment
(excluding residential substance use treatment)

High (>20)
27%

Low (0-9)
43%

Medium
(10-19)
30%

Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
Average days of treatment by type at commitment
1200.0
993.8

1000.0
800.0

666.8
538.8

600.0
400.0

259.1

229.1
121.7

200.0
19.1

76.0

29.4

0.0

24

 Long Creek Committed Youth 7/1/16
Average Days of MaineCare Services Prior to Commitment
By Age and Service Type
(excluding residential substance use treatment)
2500

2000

1500
OUTPATIENT
SCHOOL BH

1000

COMM/FAMILY
RESIDENTIAL

500

CRISIS
SUD OUTPATIENT

0

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

MED MGMT

OUTPATIENT

1551

539

997

943

1062

737

409

HOSP

SCHOOL BH

544

410

851

1006

1280

574

COMM/FAMILY

2071

983

872

1156

1090

1614

888

RESIDENTIAL

451

346

1185

420

512

707

195

CRISIS

94

34

57

22

74

54

14

SUD OUTPATIENT

80

337

411

645

329

167

225

713

731

930

920

1192

481

36

127

75

37

93

10

MED MGMT
HOSP

6

25