2016 Survey of the Performance of American Elections Final Report Charles Stewart III* The Massachusetts Institute of Technology *Department of Political Science, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139. cstewart@mit.edu The funds to support this survey were provided through the generosity of the Pew Charitable Trusts. This report was prepared with the assistance of James Dunham. The author bears full responsibility for the contents of this report. 1 Executive Summary The 2016 Survey of the Performance of American Elections (SPAE) was the third consecutive nationwide study of the experience of voters during federal elections. The survey results are based on the responses to an Internet survey of 200 registered voters in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia, for 10,200 observations overall. Individuals were asked about their experience voting—in-person on Election Day, in-person early, and absentee. Non-voters were also surveyed. Below is a summary of key findings from the report. Mode of Voting States vary in how they allow voters to vote. Nationwide in 2016:  54% of voters voted in person on Election Day,  22% voted in-person early (or in-person absentee), and  24% voted by mail. In 19 states, a majority of votes were cast before Election Day, via early or absentee voting. In eight states, more than 90% of the votes were cast on Election Day. The elderly and individuals with disabilities were more likely to use early or absentee voting. Overall Assessment of Election Day Voting For the average voter in 2016, the Election Day experience went smoothly:  98% of respondents said it was either “very easy” or “fairly easy” to find their polling place,  95% said that poll worker performance was either “excellent” (68%) or “very good” (27%), 2  2.5% witnessed problems at their polling place that could have interfered with people being able to vote,  2.3% of voters experienced registration problems when they tried to vote, and  2.1% of voters reported problems with the voting equipment. Waiting in Line Lines for most voters were minimal in 2016, and shorter than they were in 2012. Lines on Election Day were slightly shorter than they were at early voting sites.  74% of people reported waiting less than 10 minutes (39%) or “not at all” (35%) to vote, compared to 67% in 2012;  18% reported waiting 10 to 30 minutes (down from 20% in 2012);  6.8% waited 31 to 60 minutes (compared to 9.0% in 2012); and  1.8% waited more than an hour (compared to 3.5% in 2012). Voter Identification Voter identification laws were unevenly implemented within states.  In states with the minimum voter identification requirements under the Help America Vote Act, which only requires (non-photo) identification from a subset of first-time voters, 9.7% of all in-person voters reported that they were required to produce photo identification in order to vote.  In the states that only request that voters to show any form of identification (for example, a utility bill addressed to them), 78% of respondents said they were asked to show photo identification in order to vote; when we followed up to see whether the photo identification 3 was required or simply the most convenient form of identification, 43% of these respondents said they were “asked specifically for an ID card with a picture on it.” Problems with Voting Equipment Two percent of respondents reported difficulties with the voting equipment they used — a very low number, but it may represent a substantial problem in resolving close races and disputed election counts. Absentee Voting and Vote-by-Mail Absentee voting was quite smooth nationally.  1.5% of absentee voters stated that they had a problem getting their ballot.  65% of voters returned their ballots by mail and another 25% personally returned them to the election office by hand.  A majority (60%) of absentee voters stated that they returned their ballot more than one week prior to the election.  Fewer than 2% of voters thought that it was somewhat or very hard to complete the absentee voting process. How In-Person Voting Fit into the Voter’s Day In 2014, we began asking survey respondents who cast their votes in person (early or on Election Day) when they traveled to their polling location. We asked these questions again in 2016:  Nearly three in four votes were cast during the work day (70% of the in-person electorate went to the polls between nine and five o’clock); 4  Voting before the start of the work day was more common than voting afterward (19% and 11%, respectively);  Voting peaked between ten and eleven o’clock, when 14% of in-person voters cast their ballot;  Despite the common expectation of a lunch-time rush, the hour between noon and one o’clock was the least utilized of any in the work day. We also asked respondents how they had fit voting into their day, and their answers explain the patterns in when the electorate voted:  The majority of in-person voters (51%) did not have work or school on the day they voted;  Among those who did go to work or school, more voted afterward (40%) than beforehand (40%) or during a break (20%). Confidence We asked respondents to the survey “How confident are you that your vote in the General Election was counted as you intended?”  66% of the respondents to this question said they were “very confident”, and 27% said they were “somewhat confident.”  68% of in-person Election Day voters and in-person early voters were “very confident,” and 28% were “somewhat confident.”  62% of absentee, by-mail voters were “very confident,” and 28% were “somewhat confident.”  50% of African American voters were “very confident” and 36% were “somewhat confident.” 5  64% of Hispanic voters were “very confident” and 28% were “somewhat confident.”  70% of White voters were “very confident” and 25% were “somewhat confident.” Not Voting The three most common reasons that respondents chose not to vote related to the personal circumstances and preferences of the registered voters.  64% of nonvoters indicated that they did not vote, in part, because they did not like the choices offered to them.  Another 36% said that being “too busy” was either a major or a minor factor in not voting.  The third-most-common of the factors that non-voters cited was “illness,” with 33% of nonvoters saying that sickness was a factor. Cross-state variation This report also provides data concerning the experience of voters, by state. Appendix 4 provides breakdowns of all the variables contained in the questionnaire by state. 6 Table of Contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 1  II. Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 9  III. The Voting Experience ........................................................................................................... 10  How Did People Vote in 2016? .................................................................................................... 10  The In-Person Voting Experience ................................................................................................. 13  Types of Polling Places................................................................................................ 15  Fitting Voting into the Day .......................................................................................... 16  Finding the Polls .......................................................................................................... 17  Lines and Wait Times .................................................................................................. 17  Poll Workers ................................................................................................................ 18  Authentication of Voters: Voter Identification and Registration................................ 20  Equipment .................................................................................................................... 24  The Overall Experience ............................................................................................... 24  Absentee and Early Voting ........................................................................................................... 25  Absentee Voting ............................................................................................................................ 26  Early Voting .................................................................................................................................. 27  Voter Confidence .......................................................................................................................... 28  Reasons for Not Voting ................................................................................................................. 31  IV. Overall Assessment.................................................................................................................. 34  How Many Voters Encountered a Problem Voting? .................................................................... 34  How Many Votes Were “Lost” in 2016? ...................................................................................... 36  How Did the States Perform in 2016? .......................................................................................... 37  Appendix 1. Core Performance Questions, Nationwide Averages ............................................ 42  Appendix 2. Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data ................................ 45  Appendix 3. Top-line statistics from nationwide study, weighted data ................................... 179  Appendix 4. Top-line statistics from the nationwide study, by state, weighted data............. 313  Appendix 5. Questionnaire.......................................................................................................... 446  The Survey of the Performance of American Elections (SPAE) is the only national survey of registered voters that is focused on understanding the voting process from the perspective of the 7 voter. It was begun in 2008 and repeated in 2012 and 2014. This year, 2016, the project saw its third presidential election. As with the 2008, 2012, and 2014 SPAE, in 2016 we adopted a design that allows scrutiny of variation in election performance across states: we interviewed 200 registered voters in each state plus the District of Columbia. (In 2008, D.C. voters were excluded.) The survey was administered via the Internet by the national research firm YouGov. As in previous years, responses to the SPAE indicate that the voting experience in 2016 was a positive one for the vast majority of American voters. Overall,  87% of voters reported that it was “very easy” to find their polling place,  82% voted in a precinct that was run “very well,”  95% rated the job performance of the poll workers they encountered as “excellent” or “good,”  98% had no problems with their registration when trying to vote,  91% waited 30 minutes or less than 30 to vote, and  98% had no problems with the voting equipment. Among absentee voters, 99% had no problems receiving their ballot and 85% found it “very easy” to fill out and return the ballot. With the general good news found in the survey, there are concerns to report as well. As in previous years, the survey revealed confusion among voters about identification requirements. Fifty-two percent of voters in states that do not require photo identification from all in-person voters but do request it appear to believe that they would not have been allowed to vote had they not provided photo identification. Meanwhile, in states that require all voters to show photo 8 identification, 37% of those who did said they showed it not because it was required but because it was convenient. The most visible problem that surrounded the 2012 presidential election was that of long lines in a few states, notably Florida, South Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. In 2014, these states had shorter lines, but voters elsewhere, in Maine and New Mexico, reported lines that were no shorter despite the midterm ebb in turnout. Lines in 2016 tended to be shorter than in 2012 and higher than in 2014. The demographic patterns associated with long lines continued in 2016, although differences between racial groups shrank. Among the other findings related to line length, 11% of African-American voters waited more than half an hour to vote, compared to 8.6% of White voters and 8.6% of Hispanic voters. Results from the survey also point to continued disparities in the implementation of voter identification laws across the country. These disparities come in two varieties. First, poll workers deviate from state election laws in many places, demanding that voters show photo identification in states that do not require it, and in some cases, prohibit it. Second, Black voters were asked to show “picture ID” under these circumstances more often than White voters. The report that follows examines these differences and more. We begin by discussing the core data, which gauges the experience of voters in 2016 regardless of whether they voted on Election Day, in person before Election Day, or by mail. The final chapter of this report provides an overall assessment of the quality of the election experience in 2016, focusing on quantifying the incidence of voting problems, estimating the number of “lost votes” due to election administration problems, and providing summary information that allows us to compare the experience of voters across the states. 9 Chapter II II. Methodology The 2016 Survey of the Performance of American Elections involved 200 interviews of registered voters in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia, for a total of 10,200 observations. YouGov conducted the survey using state-level matched random samples in each of the states. Although respondents were recruited through a variety of techniques, the resulting sample matched the nation on important demographic characteristics, such as education, income, race, and partisanship. There was a somewhat lower presence of lower-income and minority voters in the original sample, so weights were applied as a corrective. Most survey items also appeared on the 2008, 2012 SPAE,1 allowing for the comparison of responses across elections. The 2016 SPAE also included questions added in 2014 that probed two new areas in depth. One was a series of questions that explored how and when absentee/vote-bymail voters returned their ballots. The other was a series of questions that asked about how inperson voting fit into the daily routines of voters. The full text of the questionnaire appears in the Harvard Dataverse that archives the data from this study. 1 The 2008 SPAE questionnaire was developed after pilot studies in the November 2007 gubernatorial elections in Mississippi, Kentucky, and Louisiana and in the February 2008 “Super Tuesday” presidential primary. 10 Chapter III III. The Voting Experience The 2016 Survey of the Performance of American Elections was designed to comprehensively gauge the voting experience, from the perspective of registered voters. In this chapter we summarize the core data in the survey by examining how people voted in 2016 and the experience of both those who voted on Election Day and those who voted early (either in-person or by mail.) We then turn our attention to the experience of non-voters and their reasons for not voting. Next, we summarize the 2016 voting experience by examining the confidence of voters that their vote would be counted as cast. Finally, we compare the experience of voters in 2016 with voters in 2012. How Did People Vote in 2016? Election year 2016 continued the decade-long trend by which Americans have gradually left traditional Election Day voting in precincts, in favor of convenience methods. Nationwide in 2016,  54% of voters voted in person on Election Day,  22% voted in-person early (or in-person absentee), and  24% voted by mail. By comparison, the 2012 SPAE reported that in the last presidential election, 61% voted in person on Election Day, 18% voted early and in person, and 21% voted by mail before Election Day.2 2 Some of the difference between the estimates of how many voters used different modes in 2014 vs. 2010 may be due to variation in the sampling scheme employed by the two studies being used here — the CPS in 2010 and the SPAE in 2014. In the 2012 election, for instance, the SPAE estimated that 61% voted in-person on Election Day, 18% voted in-person early, and 21% voted absentee/by mail; in contrast, the CPS estimated these percentages to be 67%, 14%, and 17%, respectively. Nonetheless, the difference between the CPS estimates of voting mode use in 2010 and the SPAE estimates in 2014 are much larger than would seem to be accounted for by survey effects. 11 Chapter III Between 2012 and 2016, voters continued their steady migration toward “convenience” modes of voting, casting their ballots early and in person, or by mail. In order to interpret these statistics, we have to take into account how voting methods vary across states. For example, Colorado, Oregon and Washington vote only by mail, whereas Mississippi has no early voting and requires absentee voters to provide an excuse before they can receive an absentee ballot. Not surprisingly, 92% of Oregon voters and 91% of Washington voters reported in our survey that they voted by mail, whereas only 2.1% of Mississippi voters used a mail-in absentee ballot. Voters in Colorado experienced their second statewide election using a system of mail balloting with an option for in-person voting. Seventy-eight percent of voters used the ballot mailed to them, while the remainder tended to vote early and in person (13.8%) rather than in person on Election Day (7.9%). Voting by mail declined from 86% in 2014, the new system’s inaugural year, but still grew by one quarter when compared to the last presidential election.3 Table III-1 reports how respondents said they voted, organized by whether the state allowed early voting and the type of absentee ballot laws in the states. There is great variation in how individuals chose to vote based on the options available. 3 Colorado had already offered voters permanent absentee status. 12 Chapter III Table III-1. Share of the Electorate, by State Law and Mode of Voting State Law Mode of Voting Absentee Early In Person, Election Day In Person, Early Absentee by Mail No-Excuse Permanent % % % No No No 85.6 5.9 8.6 No Yes No 54.6 22.3 23.1 No Yes Yes 71.3 9.6 19.1 Yes No No 36.1 55.1 8.8 Yes Yes No 39.8 40.5 19.7 Yes Yes Yes 40.5 4.6 54.8 6.8 6.1 87.1 53.7 22.0 24.3 All-Mail (CO, OR, and WA) All States In states with no-excuse absentee voting, absentee voting is more prevalent than it is in states with excuse-only absentee voting laws: 29% of voters submitted their ballots by mail in noexcuse states, compared to 19% where an excuse is required. By contrast, in states with early voting, voters tend to use that mode of voting more than absentee voting, unless the state also had permanent absentee voting. In 19 states, a majority of votes were cast before Election Day, via early voting, absentee voting, or the two methods combined. In Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Montana, Oregon, Utah, and Washington, absentee voting (or mail ballots) was the preferred method for voting. Early voting was the most common way of voting in Arkansas, Georgia, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. In contrast, in eight states, more than 90% of the votes were cast on Election Day. These states were Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Kentucky, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New York, and Pennsylvania. An examination of how people vote based on demographic factors, such as race and age, shows that there are key differences regarding the mode of voting people use. 13 Chapter III  African Americans were much less likely to vote using absentee voting than Whites or Hispanics (17% vs. 25% and 26%) but more likely to vote early compared to White voters (25% vs. 21%).  Elderly people and individuals with disabilities both use absentee voting more than do younger voters or individuals without disabilities. For instance, 33% of voters 70 years and older voted absentee, compared to 20% of voters in their thirties; 30% of voters with a disability that kept the voter “from participating fully in work, school, housework, or other activities” voted absentee, compared to 22% of voters without a disability.  Better-educated voters were also slightly more likely to take advantage of convenience voting methods than were less well educated voters. Among voters with at least some college education, 46% voted either absentee or early, compared to 39% of voters with a high school education or less.  There was less partisan difference in the use of convenience voting modes. Twenty-six percent of Democrats said they voted by mail, compared to 22% of Republicans and 24% of Independents.  Twenty percent of first-time voters reported that they voted by mail, compared to 25% of experienced voters. The In-Person Voting Experience For the slight majority of people who voted in the traditional way, in a precinct on Election Day, the polling place defines the voting experience. The voter must first get to the polling place. At the polling place, voters queue up to sign-in. Signing-in involves an encounter with a precinct election official (called the “warden,” precinct captain, poll worker, etc. across the various states), who is usually a temporary worker or volunteer. The precinct election official authenticates the 14 Chapter III voter, records that the person has voted on the registration roll, and provides access to the necessary voting technology. The voter then votes using the particular technology — an electronic voting machine, a scannable paper ballot, or a hand-counted paper ballot — which in practice ranges from being handed a paper ballot and a pencil to receiving a computer card that activates an electronic voting machine. If the voter has problems, she or he may request assistance. After voting, the ballot is deposited to be counted at the end of Election Day. For the local election office, precinct-based voting requires the creation of the precinct boundaries, the selection of polling places within precincts, the development and distribution of registration lists that are appropriate to the precincts located in a given polling place, recruitment and training of poll workers, maintenance and distribution of voting equipment and ballots, and collection of ballots, tabulations, and registration rolls. Some states also audit election results by conducting a review of the performance of election procedures in a set of randomly selected precincts. The survey gauged some of the prominent features of precincts, such as where people vote and who are the poll workers, and measured the overall performance of the different parts of the inprecinct voting process. As in 2008, 2012, and 2014, the Election Day experience went smoothly for the average voter in 2016, as the following summary statistics indicate:  98% of respondents said it was either “very easy” or “fairly easy” to find their polling place.  95% said that poll worker performance was either “excellent” (68%) or “very good” (27%).  2.5% witnessed problems at their polling place that could have interfered with people being able to vote.  2.3% of voters experienced registration problems when they tried to vote. 15 Chapter III  2.1% of voters reported problems with the voting equipment. We organize this subsection around several broad facets of the voting process: (1) polling places (including fitting the trip into the day, difficulty finding the location, and lines), (2) poll workers, (3) voter authentication (registration and voter identification), (4) vote casting, and (5) overall experiences at the polls. Types of Polling Places Finding suitable polling places is an important first step in making elections work well. The facilities must be accessible, easy to find, well lit, comfortable, and able to accommodate large numbers of voters, as well as the voting apparatus and poll workers. A majority of voters use polling places in public buildings, most commonly schools (See Table III-2). Use of schools, in particular, was a recommendation of the Presidential Commission on Election Administration in its January 2014 report.4 Fifty-six percent of respondents reported voting at public buildings, which were defined as schools (24%), government offices (19%), police or fire departments (6.2%), and libraries (5.8%). Civic buildings accounted for nearly all of the remaining polling places, with 17% of respondents voting in churches, 16% in community centers, and 3.6% in senior centers. Only 3.3% voted in private businesses, stores, or shopping centers. Schools were used by less than five percent of in-person voters in Arkansas, Florida, and Kansas, and by majorities in Connecticut, Hawaii, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. 4 For “The American Voting Experience: Report and Recommendations of the Presidential Commission on Election Administration,” see http://web.mit.edu/supportthevoter/www/files/2014/01/Amer-Voting-Exper-final-draft-01-09-14508.pdf. 16 Chapter III Table III-2. Reported Polling Places By Region Region School Building Other Government Office Church Community Center Police/Fire Station Library Other Senior Center Store or Shopping Mall Private Business Total U.S. % 23.4 18.9 17.2 16.1 6.2 5.8 5.6 3.6 1.9 1.4 100 Northeast % 35.9 17.0 12.3 10.5 11.7 1.6 4.0 5.8 0.2 1.0 100 Midwest % 16.4 26.3 22.9 14.8 4.1 3.6 7.1 2.5 0.9 1.5 100 South % 21.4 17.3 15.9 19.0 5.6 10.1 4.7 2.7 2.4 1.0 100 West % 20.9 12.3 18.7 19.9 2.2 4.2 8.4 4.8 4.9 3.7 100 The type of polling places that election officials tend to use varies significantly across regions. Public buildings were most commonly used in the Northeast, with 66% of voters voting in schools, government office buildings, police and fire stations, and libraries in this region. Churches were used more frequently in the Midwest (23%), South (16%), and West (19%) than in the Northeast (12%). Fitting Voting into the Day As in 2014, we asked survey respondents who cast their votes in person when they traveled to the polls:  Seventy percent of the in-person electorate went to the polls between nine and five o’clock;  Voting before the start of the work day was more common than voting afterward (19% vs. 11% of in-person voters);  Voting peaked between ten and eleven o’clock, when 14% of in-person voters cast their ballot; 17 Chapter III  Despite the common expectation of a lunch-time rush, the hour between noon and one o’clock was the least utilized of any in the work day. We also asked respondents how they had fit voting into their day:  Among those who went to work or school on the day they voted, more voted afterward (40%) than beforehand (40%) or during a break (20%).  The majority of in-person voters (51%), however, did not have work or school on the day they voted. Finding the Polls Voters nationwide had little difficulty finding their polling places. Eighty-seven percent reported that their polling places were “very easy” to find, while another 10.4% said they were “fairly easy” to find. Still there was some regional variation in this measure. The Northeast contained the respondents who reported the greatest ease in finding their polling place (91% responded “very easy”) while respondents from the West reported the least amount of ease (81% said “very easy”), which seems likely due to the relative population densities in the two regions, along with the average geographic size of precincts. Lines and Wait Times Once at polling places, voters began the process of checking in and casting ballots. Despite attention paid by the press and the public to long lines at precincts, for most voters waits tend to be minimal. In 2016, lines for most voters were much shorter than they were in 2012: 18 Chapter III  74% of people reported waiting less than 10 minutes (39%) or “not at all” (35%) to vote, compared to 67% in 2012;  18% reported waiting 10 to 30 minutes (down from 20% in 2012);  6.8% waited 31 to 60 minutes (compared to 9.0% in 2012); and  1.8% waited more than an hour (compared to 3.5% in 2012). Lines were slightly shorter at polling places than they were at early voting sites. Sixty-eight percent of those who voted early reported waiting “not at all” or less than 10 minutes, compared with 74% who voted at polling places on Election Day. The demographic disparities in line length observed in 2012 continued in 2016, although they narrowed. Forty-two percent of White voters reported waiting not at all, compared with just 26% of African-American voters and 29% of Hispanic voters. Conversely, 11% of AfricanAmerican voters nationwide waited longer than 30 minutes, whereas 8.6% of White voters and 8.6% of Hispanic voters did. Poll Workers Management of the voting process at the polling places falls on a staff of volunteers or workers paid a minimal amount for the day’s work. They are responsible for authenticating voters, providing ballots or access to voting machines, giving assistance to voters if requested, and generally running the polling place. The volunteer army of poll workers is often viewed as the critical link in making voting work. Who are poll workers? Respondents were asked to estimate the age of the poll workers who checked them in, to report the race of the poll worker, and whether they knew the poll worker personally. The respondents estimated the age of the population of poll workers as being 19 Chapter III somewhat older than the population of voters, although the data suggest that poll workers are not dramatically older than the voting population:  6.9% of poll workers were estimated to be under 30 years old, compared to 19% of voters;  30% of poll workers were estimated to be between 31 and 50 years old, compared to 29% of voters;  57% of poll workers were estimated to be between 51 and 70 years old, compared to 40% of voters; and,  6.3% of poll workers were estimated to be over 70 years old, compared to 11% of voters. Racially, voters estimated that poll workers approximately resembled the voting population.  64% of poll workers were considered White, compared with 73% of voters;  18% of poll workers were considered African American, compared with 12% of voters;  4.8% of poll workers were considered Hispanic, compared with 8.9% of voters;  1.8% of poll workers were considered multi-racial, compared with 1.5% of voters; and,  1.1% of poll workers and 1.5% of voters were considered Asian.  Native Americans were considered to comprise less than 1% of the poll worker and voter populations nationally.  9.3% of respondents were unsure of the race of their poll worker.  Only 12% of voters reported that they knew the poll worker personally. We asked respondents to rate the overall performance of poll workers. Voters had very favorable assessments:  95% rated poll worker performance as excellent or good, the top two categories (fully 68% rated them excellent); 20 Chapter III  Less than 1% of respondents evaluated the performance of their poll worker as poor (the bottom category). This is a very encouraging result for the quality of service provided at the polls. The age of poll workers has long been of concern to those trying to improve voting procedures, with the rationale being that older poll workers may have more difficulty with new procedures, new technologies, and increased expectations at the polls. Problems like these might induce variation with age in how satisfied voters are with poll workers. But as in 2014, overall assessments of poll worker performance were comparable across most categories of poll worker age. Poll workers who were estimated to be younger than 30 and between 31 and 50 received excellent or good ratings from 93% and 96% of respondents, respectively. Workers who were thought to be between 51 and 70 (the majority) received excellent or good ratings from 95% of voters. Poll workers estimated to be over 70 were reviewed similarly, with 94% rated good or excellent. If the longstanding concerns are indeed well-founded, voter evaluations in 2016 suggest a non-deterministic relationship between worker age and perceived quality of service. Authentication of Voters: Voter Identification and Registration The core activity of precinct election officials in the voting process consists of voter authentication and preparing the ballot to give to the voter. Voter identification and registration are the two essential parts of the authentication procedures in the United States. Earlier studies have documented that registration problems arise quite commonly and, in the 2000 general election, kept approximately 3% of people from voting. Since 2000, many states have strengthened voter identification laws, raising the possibility that the application of identification rules at the polls could create further difficulties voting. 21 Chapter III About three-in-four people who voted in person showed identification when they voted, up from 66% in 2014. Showing identification was more common when voting early (78%) than on Election Day (68%). Whether voting early or on Election Day, the most common form of identification that voters presented was a driver’s license or state identification card (79% of Election Day voters and 78% of early voters), followed by a voter registration card (15% of Election Day voters and 16% of early voters). Problems due to voter registration errors were uncommon. About two percent of respondents reported that there was a problem with their registration when they tried to vote at the polls. Registration problems did not occur frequently enough overall for statistical inferences about differences in rates among regions, but voter registration laws vary by region – more Election-Day registration in the Midwest and stricter ID laws in the South, for instance. Future research could profitably be directed to digging deeper into the factors that contribute to registration difficulties. In 2008, 25 states5 had the minimum requirements specified by the Help America Vote Act (HAVA); that is, they required first-time voters who registered by mail without providing a copy of their identification to show some form of identification, which did not have to include a photo. In 2016, only 18 states and the District of Columbia retained the minimum HAVA requirements.6 5 California, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. 6 California, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wyoming. See National Conference of State Legislatures, Voter Identification Requirements, http://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/voter-id.aspx. 22 Chapter III Twenty-three percent of all in-person voters from these states said they were asked to show photo identification in order to vote in person (a driver’s license or state-issued photo identification, passport, or military identification). We followed-up with these voters, asking, “Did you show picture identification because you were asked for it specifically, or because a picture ID was the most convenient form of identification for you to show?” Applying this question screen, we arrive at an estimate that 9.7% of all in-person voters in states that only require (non-photo) identification from a subset of first-time voters were required to produce photo identification in order to vote. These percentages ranged from less than 1% in Maine to 19% in Iowa and Wyoming, and as in 2012, varied with voters’ race. Seventeen percent of Hispanic voters and 19% percent of Black voters in minimum-requirement states needed photo identification, compared with 7.8% of White voters. The SPAE’s question regarding vote history allows us to differentiate between first-time voters—who are required under HAVA to show photo or non-photo identification if they registered by mail without providing a copy of their identification—and prior voters, who in HAVAminimum states need not show any identification absent a change in registration. Twenty-seven percent of first-time voters and 8.0% of prior voters in the 18 states with the HAVA-minimum identification requirements and the District of Columbia reported that they were “asked specifically for an ID card with a picture on it.” This also varied with race:  15% of Hispanic first-time voters and 16% of Hispanic prior voters were asked for photo ID;  64% of Black first-time voters and 12% of Black prior voters were asked for photo ID;  25% of White first-time voters and 6.8% of White prior voters were asked for photo ID. 23 Chapter III Of course, some first-time voters may not have provided the required identification when registering, and some respondents who reported voting in a previous election may have since changed their registration. Seventeen states7 requested or required some form of identification (photo or non-photo) from all voters. There, 78% of respondents said they were asked to show photo identification in order to vote. When we followed up to see whether the photo identification was required or simply the most convenient form of identification, 43% of these respondents said they were “asked specifically for an ID card with a picture on it”: 44% of Hispanic voters, 43% of White voters, and 45% of Black voters. Seven states had state laws requiring all voters to show a photo ID in order to vote (up from three in 2008).8 In these states, 93% of respondents reported being asked to show photo identification in the form of a driver’s license, state identification card, passport, or military identification card. Five percent instead showed a voter registration card, which in some states may include a photo. About one percent reported providing no identification, instead giving their name and address. Eight states had laws requesting that all in-person voters show photo identification but providing for voters without it to cast either a regular ballot or a provisional one to be counted after a verification process that did not further involve the voter.9 Eighty-four percent of in-person voters in these states initially reported being asked to show a photo ID (driver’s license, state identification card, passport, or military identification card) in order to vote. Of these voters, just 7 Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Kentucky, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Utah, and Washington. 8 Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin. 9 Alabama, Florida, Idaho, Louisiana, Michigan, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and Texas. 24 Chapter III 52% (comprising 43% of all in-person voters) said in the follow-up question that they were “asked specifically” for photo identification, with the remainder providing it out of convenience. Another 14% of in-person voters in the eight states showed a voter registration card. Just 1.6% reported showing other non-photo identification or no identification at all, as they might when signing an affidavit. These statistics illustrate the significant flexibility that Election Day workers have in implementing state voter-identification laws, or at least may appear to have in the eyes of voters. Even in states that require all voters to show photo identification, 37% of voters who did said they showed photo identification not because it was required but because it was convenient. Moreover, in the states that request voters to show photo identification but do not require it 52% of in-person voters appear to believe that they would not have been allowed to vote had they not produced a photo ID. Equipment Difficulties with voting equipment pose a final potential voting obstacle. Two percent of respondents reported difficulties with the voting equipment they used. This is a very low number but it may represent a substantial problem in resolving close races and disputed election counts. The Overall Experience The overall assessment of performance at polling places was quite good. When asked “how well things were run at the polling place,” 82% of respondents said “very well” and 16% said “okay – with only minor problems.” That is an outstanding evaluation given the temporary nature of polling places, the quick setup of registration lists and equipment that is required, and the largely volunteer staff. 25 Chapter III One way to distinguish the dimensions of performance is in terms of “technical difficulties” and “service problems.” The technical difficulties of greatest concern are failures in the maintenance of registration lists and voting equipment breakdowns. Fully 96% of voters reported neither of these problems. That is a high level of technical success but additional efforts might improve matters still further, especially in instruction of voters in the use of equipment. Service problems appeared to be infrequent as well. Eighty-nine percent of in-person voters reported neither lines in excess of half an hour, nor poorly performing poll workers. Most of the difficulties with service were among the 8.2% of voters who reported lines in excess of one-half hour; 4.0% of in-person voters reported problems with poll workers; and 1.0% experienced both types of service problems." Cumulating technical and service difficulties, 84% of in-person voters reported no problems of any form, 13% reported exactly one problem, 1.8% reported two problems, and fractions of one percent reported three or four problems. Overall, then, the experience of voters at the polls in 2016 was quite good, as has been the case in 2008, 2012, and 2014. Technical failures and service problems were relatively rare and 84% of voters reported very good experiences voting at the polls in 2016. It is important to keep in mind that these figures reflect the assessments of those who went to the polls and attempted to vote. There may be others for whom election procedures were a substantial barrier. There is also a secondary path to voting – through the absentee and early voting procedures, and the systems there differ from those put in place for Election Day. We turn to that process in the next section. Absentee and Early Voting As noted before, 46% of voters nationally voted before Election Day, either through early or absentee voting. However, in many states with liberal early voting or absentee voting laws, the 26 Chapter III percentage of voters casting ballots was higher. In 15 states, more than 20% of votes were cast via absentee ballot or vote-by-mail, and in 23 states more than 20% of voters cast ballots using early voting. Overall, individuals who had voted before were more likely to vote by mail than first-time voters. Absentee Voting Why do voters vote absentee? In 2016, 31% of absentee voters had signed up to receive a mail ballot in every election, taking advantage of the convenience offered by some states with liberal voting laws. Similarly, 15% of voters using a mail ballot said they lived in jurisdictions that exclusively conduct elections by mail. But fully 29% of mail voters nationwide reported voting absentee because it was more convenient, even after allowing for permanent absentee and all-mail voting. Even voters in states that require excuses for voting absentee often reported doing so for convenience (24%). The other most frequent reasons were because they were out of town (21%) or had a physical disability that kept them from voting in the polling place (18%). These latter groups comprised 6.6% and 9.4% of mail voters nationwide, respectively. Very few absentee voters, 1.5%, stated that they had a problem getting their ballot. About 1.3% of absentee voters had “problems marking or completing your ballot that may have interfered with your ability to cast your vote as intended.” But first-time voters were much more likely to experience a problem marking their mail ballots (8.3%) than those who had voted before (less than 1%). Sixty-five percent of voters returned their ballots by mail and another 25% personally returned them to the election office by hand. Voters hand-returned ballots at very high rates in Colorado (73%), Oregon (59%) and Washington (65%) compared to voters in no-excuse (17%) or permanent absentee voting states (20%). Voters with disabilities were more likely to have 27 Chapter III someone else return their ballot for them (14%), compared to individuals without disabilities (8.9%). The youngest and oldest mail voters were slightly less likely than middle-aged voters to have someone else return their ballot: 14% of voters 30 and under relied on others; compared to 13% of those 31-50, 10% of those 51-70, and 5.2% of those 71 and older. Overall, a majority (60%) of absentee voters stated that they returned their ballot more than one week prior to the election, as in the 2012 presidential election (60%). And, similarly, strong partisans were the most likely to return their mail ballots early. Sixty-six percent of strong partisans voting absentee returned their ballot early, compared with 54% of other absentee voters. Fewer than 2% of voters thought that it was somewhat or very hard to complete the absentee voting process. Younger voters (those under 30) were less likely to rate it very easy (73%) compared with those who were older (87%). Early Voting Early voting allows voters to cast their ballots in a period before Election Day (generally the two weeks prior to Election Day). In some ways, the early voting experience is different from Election Day voting, but voters tend to have a similar quality of experience nonetheless. The difference in voting experience can be seen first based on where early voters vote and the poll workers with whom the voters interact as they vote. Early voters were more likely than precinct voters to vote in a government building; 65% of early voters voted in a government building (e.g. a school, court house, police or fire station, or library), compared to 50% of Election Day voters. Early voters were less likely to know their poll worker than were Election Day voters (7.4% vs. 14%), and more often encountered non-White workers when voting (38% vs. 35%). Lines in 2016 were slightly longer during early voting than on Election Day. Twenty-one percent of early voters waited between 10 and 30 minutes, compared to 18% of Election Day 28 Chapter III voters. But lines were minimal in 2016, overall. Sixty-eight percent of early voters and 74% of Election Day voters waited less than 10 minutes to vote. Voter Confidence One of the important topics that frequently arise in public conversations about voter experiences is the confidence of voters that their ballot is counted as intended. To assess the overall confidence of voters in the quality of the vote count in 2016, we asked respondents to the survey “How confident are you that your vote in the General Election was counted as you intended?”  66% of the respondents to this question said they were “very confident”;  27% said they were “somewhat confident”;  4.5% were “not too confident”; and  2.5% “not at all confident.” These numbers represent an improvement over 2012, when only 63% said they were “very confident.” The national aggregates mask substantial state-by-state variation in voter confidence. Unlike 2012, when only two states plus the District of Columbia had more than 75% of voters report they were “very confident” their votes were counted as cast, in 2016, at least 75% of voters in 14 states said they were very confident, along with those in the District of Columbia. In no state did less than half of respondents give the “very confident” response. Previous research has identified that the way in which voters cast their ballots is correlated with voter confidence, with absentee and by-mail voters often found to have lower levels of confidence than in-person Election Day voters. We found some support for this trend in 2014 and 2016, but the differences were slightly less than in 2012: 29 Chapter III  68% of in-person Election Day voters were “very confident,” and 26% were “somewhat confident.” (This compares with 65% and 26%, respectively, in 2012.)  62% of absentee, by-mail voters said they were “very confident,” with 28% being “somewhat confident.” (This compares with 56% and 31%, respectively, in 2012.) In-person early voters had confidence levels that were very near to those of in-person Election Day voters. Earlier studies have identified two voter-level variables associated with confidence in elections: race and ethnicity, and the voter’s partisan identification. The large sample we have assembled allows us to look at these factors in close detail. Previous studies have noted that, in 2004 and 2006, non-White voters (both African Americans and Hispanics) were less likely to be confident that their ballot was counted as they intended, compared to White voters. In 2008 and 2012, the patterns were reversed, with African Americans showing greater confidence than either Hispanics or Whites. In 2014 and 2016, however, the relationship between confidence and race and ethnicity matched that in the earlier elections:  50% of African American voters were very confident, compared to 76% in 2012;  64% of Hispanic voters were very confident, compared to 61% in 2012; and  70% of White voters were very confident, compared to 61% in 2012. Fully 95% of White voters, but 85% of African-American voters, were either very or somewhat confident in the vote count in 2016. Similarly, studies of elections in this decade generally have found that partisanship is strongly associated with confidence. In 2004, 2006, and 2014, Democratic voters were less confident than were Republican voters, other factors being held constant. Democratic confidence rose in 2008 and 2012 while Republican confidence fell. 30 Chapter III The 2016 election again reversed those trends. In contrast to 2012, when 77% of Democrats said they were very confident their vote was counted as cast, 66% did so in 2016. At the same time, the percentage of Republicans who were very confident rose from 54% in 2012 to 72% in 2016. Confidence among Independents rose, from 55% very confident in 2012 to 61% in 2016, but it lagged significantly behind partisans of both parties. The theme of partisanship carries over to the results at the state level. As a general matter, Democratic voters in states that were won by Hillary Clinton in 2016 were slightly more likely to say they were very confident with the vote count (71%) compared to Republicans in those states (66%). Republicans in states won by Donald J. Trump were more often very confident (75%) and Democrats were less often very confident (62%). Thus, to a large degree, voters expressed confidence in the vote count as a function of whether their party’s candidate won, both nationally and on a state-by-state basis. Continuing a series of questions added in 2012, the SPAE also asked about confidence in the vote count at different levels of government, not just confidence that one’s own vote was counted. Respondents were asked how confident they were that (1) votes in their county or city, (2) votes throughout their state, and (3) votes nationwide were counted as voters intended. Two comments should be made about answers to these questions. First, confidence declined as the level of generality increased. Thus while 66% of respondents were very confident that their own vote was counted as they intended:  57% of respondents were very confident votes in their own county were counted as intended;  46% of respondents were very confident votes in their state were counted as intended; and  29% of respondents were very confident votes nationwide were counted as intended. 31 Chapter III These percentages are comparable to what they were in 2012. Thus, while voters on the whole became more confident about vote counting in their own home precinct, they remained just as skeptical as in the past about vote counting elsewhere. However, the fact that voters maintained their skepticism of vote-counting everywhere but in their home precinct masks important partisan differences that emerged between 2012 and 2016. For instance, in 2012, 64% of Democrats said they were very confident that votes in their own county were counted as cast; in 2016, that percentage dropped somewhat, to 57%. However, the percentage among Republicans jumped significantly, from 42% in 2012 to 62% in 2016. When we take the question all the way to the national level, the change is dramatic. In 2012, 37% of Democrats said they were very confident that votes nationwide were counted as cast; in 2016, that percentage dropped to 31%. Among Republicans, the percentage more than doubled from 13% to 31%. Thus, these findings demonstrate just how fickle opinions about vote-counting can be, based on the outcomes of elections, while reinforcing the tendency of voters to trust vote-counting close to home while distrusting it from afar. Reasons for Not Voting In the previous sections we discussed the experiences of voters. Of equal interest is the experience of non-voters, particularly those who tried to vote and couldn’t. Previous research has indicated that up to seven million eligible voters are stymied in national elections because of problems that precede getting into the voting booth, such as leaving because the line is too long or experiencing insurmountable registration problems. We asked respondents who did not vote to rate the importance of 14 different factors in their decision not to vote. Specifically, we asked if a particular concern was a minor factor, a major 32 Chapter III factor, or not a factor. Most of the factors we asked about have been probed for years by the Census Bureau, in their post-election Voting and Registration Supplement (VRS) to the Current Population Survey, which has not been released as of the date of this report. Looking at the responses of non-voters, we see that 89% of all non-voting respondents identified at least one of the 14 concerns as a minor or a major factor. On average, respondents identified 3.5 factors as a problem. The fact that most non-voters identified more than one factor as a reason for non-voting suggests that the Census Bureau survey may under-estimate the importance of certain factors in causing non-voting, because the Census Bureau survey allows respondents to report a single “main” factor for not voting. Table III-3 presents the responses to the 14 items, ranked in descending order of the percentage of people who said that a given reason was a major factor in their decision not to vote. For presentation purposes, in the description of the responses, we combine the “minor factor” and “major factor” responses. 33 Chapter III Table III-3. Reasons for Not Voting Too Busy/Conflict Didn't Like Candidates or Issues Illness Out of Town Transportation Forgot to Vote Inconvenient Location or Hours Didn't Know Where to Vote No Absentee Ballot Line Too Long Did Not Receive Ballot in Mail Registration Bad Weather ID Major Factor % 28.4 25.2 15.7 14.4 14.0 11.0 9.5 7.3 7.1 6.1 5.5 5.2 4.9 4.5 Minor Factor % 14.7 17.9 13.6 12.4 15.4 13.0 14.1 11.1 7.6 15.4 9.7 8.6 9.6 10.4 Not a Factor % 57.0 56.9 70.6 73.2 70.7 76.0 76.4 81.5 85.3 78.5 84.8 86.2 85.5 85.1 N 1544 1521 1554 1552 1547 1556 1542 1539 1542 1523 1534 1530 1540 1538 The three most common reasons that respondents chose not to vote related to their personal circumstances and preferences. Sixty-four percent of nonvoters indicated that they did not vote, in part, because they did not like the choices offered to them. (Fifty-five percent of self-identified Republican non-voters mentioned this reason, compared to 64% of Democrats.) Another 36% said that being “too busy” was either a major factor or a minor factor in their abstention. The thirdmost-common response was “illness,” with 33% of respondents saying that sickness was a factor. Election administration issues played a smaller role in the decision not to vote. Nineteen percent of respondents reported they did not know where to vote; 26% found their precinct location or its hours inconvenient; 18% cited identification as a concern; and 26% balked at long lines. Therefore, although factors that may be at the control of election administrators bear some responsibility for the failure of some to vote, administration-related issues pale in comparison to political and personal considerations that individuals bring to the election process. 34 Chapter IV IV. Overall Assessment One of the motivations behind the SPAE is to gauge the overall quality of elections in the United States, as experienced and reported by voters. In this final section, we approach this topic three ways. First, we attempt to quantify how many voters encountered a problem casting a ballot. Second, we ask how many votes were “lost” in the 2016 election because of problems with the election system, at every step along the sequence of voting. Third, we seek to identify whether voters in some states encountered more problems than in others. How Many Voters Encountered a Problem Voting? We begin by estimating the number of voters who encountered a problem voting. Let us start with Election Day voters. Here, we define a problem as: 1. Having a “very difficult” or “somewhat difficult” time finding the polling place (2.2% of respondents); 2. Encountering a problem with voter registration (2.6%); 3. Waiting longer than 30 minutes to vote (8.5%); 4. Having a problem with the voting machine (2.3%); and 5. Encountering “poor” performance by a poll worker (0.8%). Overall, 16% of Election Day voters encountered at least one problem. This is in contrast to 17% in 2012. The most common problem by far was waiting in line. Among those encountering at least one problem, 87% encountered only one problem. Turning to in-person early voters, the fraction of voters experiencing particular types of problems was similar to Election Day voters, with the exception of line length: early in-person voters tended to wait slightly longer. The frequency of problems for these voters was: 35 Chapter IV 1. Having a “very difficult” or “somewhat difficult” time finding the polling place (2.4%); 2. Encountering a problem with voter registration (1.6%); 3. Waiting longer than 30 minutes to vote (11%); 4. Having a problem with the voting machine (1.5%); and 5. Encountering “poor” performance by a poll worker (0.4%). The percentage of early in-person voters encountering at least one problem was about the same for early voters as for Election Day voters (15%). Finally, with absentee voters, the problems we focus on are the following: 1. Having a problem getting the absentee or mail ballot (1.5%); 2. Encountering a problem marking the ballot (1.3%); and 3. Finding the absentee instructions “somewhat hard” or “very hard” (1.2%). Overall, 3.1% of absentee or by-mail voters reported at least one problem, less than the rate among those who voted in person (14% of both early voters and Election Day voters). Absentee ballot problems compounded at a comparable rate to early voting and Election Day problems; 15% of those who encountered a problem voting absentee encountered more than one problem, compared with 7.3% of early voters and 13% of Election Day voters. If we combine the experiences of all voters, regardless of the modes in which they voted, then we estimate that 12% of voters encountered at least one problem in 2016—compared to 7.7% in 2014, 15% in 2012, and 11% in 2008. In an electorate of 138.9 million voters, that means that approximately 16 million voters encountered a problem voting, compared to 19 million in 2012.10 10 In 2016, the number of ballots counted was not quite 138.9 million. Source: United States Election Project, http://www.electproject.org/2016g. 36 Chapter IV How Many Votes Were “Lost” in 2016? Another way to quantify the overall voter experience is to estimate the number of votes that were “lost” because of problems with election administration. Here, we take our cue from the 2001 report of the Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project, Voting: What Is/What Could Be. Suppose voting is a chain of events, in which failure at any point in the chain keeps a voter who intends to vote from casting a ballot. Here, we examine important links in that chain. The 2016 Survey of the Performance of American Elections asked those who did not vote for the reasons they failed to vote. Some of these reasons reflect personal attributes of voters that cannot fairly be said to be affected by election administration, such as not liking the candidates or being out of town.  Suppose for a moment that the voting chain for in-person voters (Election Day or early) starts with the potential voter deciding to vote and searching for identification to take with him or her to the polls. Based on the number of non-voters who said that lacking a proper identification was a “major factor” in not voting, we estimate that 7.1% of non-voters failed to vote because of lack of identification.  Next, a voter with proper identification might nonetheless be unable to find the polling place. This factor accounts for another 5.4% of non-voters in our survey.11  A voter who had proper identification and actually got to the polling place may have been turned away because of long lines. This accounts for another 7.5% of non-voters.  Finally, a potential voter may have endured the lines, only to be turned away because of a registration problem. Registration problems account for 9.2% of non-voters by this method. 11 That is, 5.4% of non-voters reported that not knowing where to vote was a major factor in not voting, but did not cite lack of identification as a major factor. 37 Chapter IV Non-voting due to lack of identification declined compared with 2012, when 8.6% of nonvoters reported it as a major factor. The role of the other potential factors among non-voters was roughly comparable between 2012 and 2016. The U.S. Census Bureau estimated in 2015 that about 142 million Americans were registered to vote.12 Election returns account for 138.9 million individuals, which means that about 3.1 million registered voters did not vote in 2016. The estimates above suggest that roughly:  233 thousand registered voters were excluded for lack of voter identification,  175 thousand would have voted but could not find their polling place,  247 thousand went away because of long lines, and  300 thousand votes were lost because of registration problems. Data from the Survey of the Performance of American Elections can also help us to gauge the number of lost votes due to absentee and mail ballots. Based on the responses to the survey, we estimate that in addition to the lost votes described above, 7.8% of registered non-voters did not vote because absentee/mail ballots never arrived or arrived too late to be returned in time. In raw numbers, that amounts to 255 thousand votes lost through the absentee/mail route. How Did the States Perform in 2016? Elections are generally administered locally—although the Help America Vote Act and state constitutions allow states to exert power over local elections, should they desire to do so. Therefore, reporting on the experience of voters at the national level is only the first step in using data to help improve voting in the United States. The next step is to take the analysis to the state 12 Thom Files, “Who Votes? Congressional Elections and the American Electorate, 1978– 2014,” Population Characteristics P20-577, https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/demo/p20-577.pdf. 38 Chapter IV level. Because the number of registered voters who fail to turn out is relatively small in percentage terms, and respondents to the SPAE were clearly reluctant to admit to not voting, it is not possible to use this survey to estimate the sources of “lost votes” at the state level. On average, each state in our sample yielded only 15 respondents who were registered and did not vote. (This number ranged from 4 in New Hampshire to 28 in Texas.) These numbers of cases make such estimates too imprecise to report. On the other hand, our sample contains scores of respondents who turned out and voted in each state–sufficient numbers to allow us to report on the overall experience of voters in each state. Here, we report the percentage of voters in each state who reported experiencing a problem at the polls. We report these numbers for all in-person voters, except for Colorado, Oregon, and Washington, where mail ballots are nearly universal. We also show percentages among absentee or mail voters, for the states in which we have more 30 or more such respondents. Tables V-1 and V-2 report the number of voters reporting a problem in each state in 2016. Below, in Figures V-1 and V2, we present these percentages graphically. 39 Chapter IV Figure V-1. Proportion of voters reporting a problem when voting in person, by state. In-person voting problems fell dramatically overall compared to 2012. In 2016, the three jurisdictions with the highest rates of problems were Utah (31%), Arizona (25%), and the District of Columbia (25%). In Figure V-1, Utah stands out as having significantly more in-person voters with problems in 2016 than in 2012. Line lengths were the primary factor; 25% of in-person voters waited for more than 30 minutes. In Florida, the state that saw the greatest decline in problems between onyear elections, only 4.8% of in-person voters waited as long. Problems were also much less 40 Chapter IV frequent in Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Colombia. Similarly, the main difference was a reduction in wait times in 2016. The sample size of absentee and mail voters was large enough in 14 states that we can compare the prevalence of absentee problems in 2012 and 2016. Only one state saw problems with absentee ballots at double-digit rates in 2016—Kansas, at 14%. Figure V-2. Proportion of voters reporting a problem when voting by mail, by state. 41 Chapter IV Kansas stands out in Figure V-2 as the state with the highest proportion of absentee voters reporting a problem. Eleven percent of absentee voters in Kansas reported a problem getting their mail ballot. One caution about using these estimates is that the rate of reported problems is very small, as is the number of observations for some states. Therefore, the “margins of error” (more accurately, the confidence intervals) around these estimates are very large in some cases, and the estimates should be used with extreme caution. Appendix 1 42 Appendix 1. Core Performance Questions, Nationwide Averages This appendix summarizes nationwide measures of voter experience during the 2016 election, with values from the 2012 and 2014 SPAE for comparison. Responses have been weighted to produce estimates of representative national measures. Reasons for Not Voting 2012 Didn't like the candidates or campaign issues Major/Minor Factor % 43.1 2014 N 824 Major/Minor Factor % 42.7 2016 N 1,521 Major/Minor Factor % 61.7 N 755 Too busy/had a conflicting work, family, or school schedule 34.5 828 42.5 1,544 36.9 761 Illness or disability (own or family's) 27.9 825 28.0 1,554 33.1 765 Transportation problems 25.2 828 24.5 1,547 30.8 757 Polling place hours, or location, were inconvenient 16.6 823 19.3 1,542 25.9 755 Line at the polls was too long 14.6 817 15.1 1,523 25.9 740 Out of town or away from home 24.8 828 23.2 1,552 25.1 762 Did not receive my ballot in the mail, or it arrived too late 15.1 820 15.9 1,534 23.1 751 Forgot to vote 13.9 822 22.4 1,556 22.1 760 Problems with registration 14.1 817 12.9 1,530 21.6 749 Requested but did not receive an absentee ballot 14.4 826 13.1 1,542 20.1 754 Did not know where to vote 17.8 825 15.9 1,539 19.2 750 Appendix 1 43 2012 Did not have the right kind of identification Bad weather Major/Minor Factor % 15.1 11.0 2014 N 819 828 Major/Minor Factor % 11.6 11.3 2016 N 1,538 Major/Minor Factor % 17.5 N 757 1,540 16.4 754 Appendix 1 44 Problem Encountered by Voters Question In Person How difficult was it to find your polling place to vote? (% "Very Difficult" or "Somewhat Difficult") How well were things run at the polling place where you voted? (% "Very Well" or "Okay") Was there a problem with your voter registration when you tried to vote? (% "Yes") Approximately, how long did you have to wait in line to vote? (Average Estimated Minutes) Did you encounter any problems with the voting equipment or the ballot that may have interfered with your ability to cast your vote as intended? (% "Yes") Please rate the job performance of the poll workers at the polling place where you voted. (% "Excellent" or "Good") Absentee Were there any problems getting your absentee or mail-in ballot sent to you? (% "Yes") Did you encounter any problems marking or completing your ballot that may have interfered with your ability to cast your vote as intended? (% "Yes") Overall, how easy was it to follow all the instructions necessary to cast your ballot and return it to be counted? (% "Very Easy" or "Somewhat Easy") All How confident are you that your vote in the General Election was counted as you intended? (% "Very Confident" or "Somewhat Confident") 2012 Year 2014 2016 2.9 2.6 2. 96.7 98.1 97.5 2.8 1.8 2.3 14.1 3.9 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.1 93.7 96.1 95.0 1.6 2.0 1.5 0.9 1.5 1.3 98.7 98.4 98.8 90.2 96.3 93.0 45 Appendix Appendix 2. Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data The following pages contain statistical summaries of all questions on the 2016 SPAE, for the dataset that contains 200 responses from each state and the District of Columbia. The data are unweighted. The purpose of this appendix is to allow researchers to verify that they have input the data from the study correctly. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data caseid Case ID Unique case identification number (anonymous) N Mean Std. dev. Min. Max. 10200 308628185.3 1186304.972 271916965 311920495 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data weight Case weight Study weight (by state) N Mean Std. dev. Min. Max. 10200 1 0.561171 0.095105 5.153394 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data countyfips FIPS Code of county of residence FIPS Code of county of residence This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data countyname Name of county of residence Name of county of residence This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data inputstate State State Code 1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 53 54 55 56 Label N Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticu Delaware District of C Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachus Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hamp New Jersey New Mexic New York North Caro North Dako Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvan Rhode Islan South Caro South Dako Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washingto West Virgin Wisconsin Wyoming Total 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 10200 Pct. 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 1.960784 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q1 Voted Which of the following statements best describes you? Code Label 1 I did not vote in the election this November 2 I thought about voting this time, but didn't 3 I usually vote, but didn't this time 4 I tried to vote, but was not allowed to when I tried 5 I tried to vote, but it ended up being too much trouble 6 I definitely voted in the November General Election Total N 425 162 155 23 37 9398 10200 Pct. 4.166667 1.588235 1.519608 0.22549 0.362745 92.13725 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q2a Reason for not voting: I did not have the right kind of identification How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 663 6.5 2 A minor factor 51 0.5 3 A major factor 43 0.421569 4 I don't know 38 0.372549 9405 92.20588 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q2b Reason for not voting: Illness or disability (own or family’s) How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 541 5.303922 2 A minor factor 90 0.882353 3 A major factor 134 1.313725 4 I don't know 29 0.284314 9406 92.21568 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q2c Reason for not voting: Out of town or away from home How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 610 5.980392 2 A minor factor 52 0.509804 3 A major factor 100 0.980392 4 I don't know 31 0.303922 9407 92.22549 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q2d Reason for not voting: I forgot to vote How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 662 6.490196 2 A minor factor 56 0.54902 3 A major factor 42 0.411765 4 I don't know 35 0.343137 9405 92.20588 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q2e Reason for not voting: I requested but did not receive an absentee ballot How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 660 6.470588 2 A minor factor 46 0.45098 3 A major factor 48 0.470588 4 I don't know 40 0.392157 9406 92.21568 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q2f Reason for not voting: I was too busy/had a conflicting work, family, or school schedule How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 497 4.872549 2 A minor factor 104 1.019608 3 A major factor 160 1.568627 4 I don't know 35 0.343137 9404 92.19608 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q2g Reason for not voting: Transportation problems How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 574 5.627451 2 A minor factor 74 0.72549 3 A major factor 109 1.068627 4 I don't know 36 0.352941 9407 92.22549 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q2h Reason for not voting: I didn’t like the candidates or campaign issues How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 304 2.980392 2 A minor factor 139 1.362745 3 A major factor 312 3.058824 4 I don't know 41 0.401961 9404 92.19608 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q2i Reason for not voting: There were problems with my registration How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 653 6.401961 2 A minor factor 37 0.362745 3 A major factor 59 0.578431 4 I don't know 45 0.441176 9406 92.21568 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q2j Reason for not voting: Bad weather How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 682 6.686275 2 A minor factor 39 0.382353 3 A major factor 33 0.323529 4 I don't know 40 0.392157 9406 92.21568 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q2k Reason for not voting: The polling place hours, or location, were inconvenient How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 610 5.980392 2 A minor factor 79 0.77451 3 A major factor 66 0.647059 4 I don't know 39 0.382353 9406 92.21568 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q2l Reason for not voting: The line at the polls was too long How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 602 5.901961 2 A minor factor 68 0.666667 3 A major factor 70 0.686275 4 I don't know 53 0.519608 9407 92.22549 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q2m I did not know where to vote How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 644 6.313725 2 A minor factor 62 0.607843 3 A major factor 44 0.431373 4 I don't know 44 0.431373 9406 92.21568 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q2n I did not receive my ballot in the mail, or it arrived too late for me to vote. How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 635 6.22549 2 A minor factor 45 0.441176 3 A major factor 71 0.696078 4 I don't know 43 0.421569 9406 92.21568 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q3 First time voting Was this your first time voting, or have you voted in elections before? Code Label N Pct. 1 I am a first time voter 490 4.803922 2 I have voted in elections before 8958 87.82353 3 I don't know 10 0.098039 742 7.27451 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q4 Mode of voting How did you vote this election? Code Label 1 In person on Election Day (at polling place or precinct) 2 In person before Election Day 3 Voted by mail or absentee ballot my mail 4 I don't know Total N 5324 2069 2039 26 742 10200 Pct. 52.19608 20.28431 19.9902 0.254902 7.27451 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q5 Difficulty finding polling place How difficult was it to find your polling place to vote? Code Label N Pct. 1 Very difficult 32 0.313726 2 Somewhat difficult 115 1.127451 3 Fairly easy 645 6.323529 4 Very easy 6596 64.66666 5 I don't know 12 0.117647 2800 27.45098 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q6 Polling place type How would you describe the place where you voted? Code Label 1 Private business 2 School building 3 Church 4 Police/Fire Station 5 A store or shopping mall 6 Senior center 7 Community center 8 Library 9 Other government office (court house, municipal building, city hall, etc.) 10 Other 11 I don't remember Total N 109 1849 1166 399 168 237 1150 309 1566 393 54 2800 10200 Pct. 1.068627 18.12745 11.43137 3.911765 1.647059 2.323529 11.27451 3.029412 15.35294 3.852941 0.529412 27.45098 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q6_t Polling place type (open‐ended) Polling place type (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q7 Personally knew person who checked you in Did you personally know the person who checked you in when you arrived to vote? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 1042 10.21569 2 No 6299 61.7549 3 I don't know 33 0.323529 4 I don't remember 25 0.245098 2801 27.46078 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q8 How well the polling place was run How well were things run at the polling place where you voted? Code Label 1 Very well  ‐‐  I did not see any problems at the polling place 2 Okay  ‐‐  I saw some minor problems, but nothing that interfered with people voting 3 Not well  ‐‐  I saw some minor problems that affected the ability of a few people to vote 4 Terrible  ‐‐  I saw some major problems that affected the ability of many people to vote 5 I don't know Total N 6221 975 109 37 52 2806 10200 Pct. 60.9902 9.558824 1.068627 0.362745 0.509804 27.5098 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q9 Problem with voter registration Was there a problem with your voter registration when you tried to vote? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 153 1.5 2 No 7205 70.63725 3 I don't know 37 0.362745 2805 27.5 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q9_t Problem with voter registration (open‐ended) Problem with voter registration (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q10 Voting Time of day What time was it when you went to vote, that is, when you first arrived at the polling place and got in line? Code Label N Pct. 1 Before 5:00 am 11 0.107843 2 5:00 am  ‐  5:59 am 66 0.647059 3 6:00 am  ‐  6:59 am 235 2.303921 4 7:00 am  ‐  7:59 am 498 4.882353 5 8:00 am  ‐  8:59 am 584 5.72549 6 9:00 am  ‐  9:59 am 738 7.235294 7 10:00 am  ‐  10:59 am 1045 10.2451 8 11:00 am  ‐  11:59 noon 782 7.666667 9 12:00 noon  ‐  12:59 pm 389 3.813725 10 1:00 pm  ‐  1:59 pm 627 6.147059 11 2:00 pm  ‐  2:59 pm 621 6.088235 12 3:00 pm  ‐  3:59 pm 474 4.647059 13 4:00 pm  ‐  4:59 pm 473 4.637255 14 5:00 pm  ‐  5:59 pm 392 3.843137 15 6:00 pm  ‐  6:59 pm 285 2.794118 16 7:00 pm  ‐  7:59 pm 75 0.735294 17 8:00 pm  ‐  8:59 pm 8 0.078431 18 After 9:00 pm 3 0.029412 55 Don't know 89 0.872549 2805 27.5 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q11 Polling place open When you arrived at the polling place and got in line to vote, was the polling place open to voters, or was it closed? Code Label N Pct. 1 It was open 7195 70.53922 2 It was closed 171 1.676471 3 Don't know 29 0.284314 2805 27.5 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q12 How voting fit into day Please think back to the day when you voted in the 2014 November election. Select the statement that best applies to how voting fit into your schedule that day. Code Label N Pct. 1 I voted while on my way to work or school. 799 7.833333 398 3.901961 2 I voted before work or school, but not on my way to work or school. 3 I voted during a break in my work or school day. 712 6.980392 4 I voted while on my way home after work or school. 818 8.019608 5 I voted after work or school, but not on my way home. 562 5.509804 6 I did not have work or school the day I voted. 4027 39.48039 9 I don't remember 77 0.754902 2807 27.51961 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q12a Errands and voting Did you fit any other errands into the trip when you went to vote? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 3157 30.95098 2 No 4092 40.11765 9 I don't remember 145 1.421569 2806 27.5098 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q13 Line length Approximately, how long did you have to wait in line to vote? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not at all 3030 29.70588 2 Less than 10 minutes 2483 24.34314 3 10‐30 minutes 1226 12.01961 4 31 minutes  ‐  1 hour 460 4.509804 5 More than 1 hour 160 1.568627 6 I don't know 35 0.343137 2806 27.5098 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q13_t Line length (more than 1 hr) Line length (more than 1 hr) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q14 Source of line Was your wait in line mostly when you first arrived to check in at the registration table, or after you checked in and were waiting to gain access to a place to cast your ballot? Code 1 2 3 4 Label Most of my wait was to check in to vote. Most of my wait was after I had checked in, and I was waiting to gain access to a voting machine or other place to vote. My wait in line was fairly evenly divided between checking in and waiting to cast my ballot. I don't remember. Total N 2882 706 698 77 5837 10200 Pct. 28.2549 6.921568 6.843137 0.754902 57.22549 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q15 Picture ID When you first checked in at the polling place to vote, which of the following statements most closely describes how you were asked to identify yourself? Code Label N 1 I gave my name and address, but did not show any identification of any kind. 1822 44 2 I showed a letter, a bill, or something else with my name and address on it, but it was not an identification card of an 3 I showed my voter registration card. 758 4 I showed my driver's license or state‐issued photo ID. 4389 5 I showed my passport. 52 6 I showed a military ID card. 55 7 I showed some other form of identification. 156 117 8 I don't remember. 2807 Total 10200 Pct. 17.86275 0.431373 7.431373 43.02941 0.509804 0.539216 1.529412 1.147059 27.51961 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q15_t Picture ID (open‐ended) Picture ID (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q16 Picture ID follow‐up Did you show picture identification because you were asked for it specifically, or because a picture ID was the most convenient form of identification for you to show? Code Label N Pct. 1 I was asked specifically for an ID card with a picture on it 2463 24.14706 1777 17.42157 2 I showed a picture ID card because it was convenient for me; I could have shown another form of ID if I had wanted to 3 I don't know 257 2.519608 5703 55.91177 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q17 Voting equipment problems Did you encounter any problems with the voting equipment or the ballot that may have interfered with your ability to cast your vote as intended? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 130 1.27451 2 No 7211 70.69608 3 I don't know 53 0.519608 2806 27.5098 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q17_t Voting equipment problems (open‐ended) Voting equipment problems (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q18 Poll worker performance Please rate the job performance of the poll workers at the polling place where you voted. Code Label N Pct. 1 Excellent 5356 52.5098 2 Good 1732 16.98039 3 Fair 238 2.333333 4 Poor 34 0.333333 5 I don't know 32 0.313726 2808 27.52941 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q19 Race of Poll Worker What was the race/ethnicity of the poll worker who checked you in when you voted? Code Label N Pct. 1 African‐American 1103 10.81373 2 Native American 35 0.343137 3 Asian 55 0.539216 4 White 4972 48.7451 5 Hispanic 177 1.735294 6 Other/multi‐racial 111 1.088235 7 I don't recall the race of my poll worker 696 6.823529 8 I don't know 243 2.382353 2808 27.52941 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q20 Age of poll worker About how old was the poll worker who checked you in when you voted? Code Label N Pct. 1 Under 30 341 3.343137 2 Between 31 and 50 1895 18.57843 3 Between 51 and 70 3772 36.98039 4 Older than 70 450 4.411765 5 I don't know 935 9.166667 2807 27.51961 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q21 Reason for absentee ballot Which of the following statements most closely describes why you voted by mail or absentee? Code Label 1 My state or locality only has vote‐by‐mail. 2 I have signed up to receive a mail or absentee ballot automatically in each election. 3 Voting by mail or absentee was just more convenient for me this election 4 I was out of town for this election 5 I have a physical disability that makes it difficult for me to get to the polls 6 I could not get to the polls on Election Day because of my work or school schedule 7 I am in the armed forces 8 I was an election official or poll worker 10 Other Total N 341 562 576 158 207 97 9 35 55 8160 10200 Pct. 3.343137 5.509804 5.647059 1.54902 2.029412 0.95098 0.088235 0.343137 0.539216 80 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q21_t Reason for absentee ballot (open‐ended) Reason for absentee ballot (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q22 Problems getting mail ballot Were there any problems getting your absentee or mail‐in ballot sent to you? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 31 0.303922 2 No 2004 19.64706 3 I don't know 5 0.04902 8160 80 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q22_t Problem getting mail ballot (open‐ended) Problem getting mail ballot (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q23 Problem marking mail ballot Did you encounter any problems marking or completing your ballot that may have interfered with your ability to cast your vote as intended? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 14 0.137255 2 No 2017 19.77451 3 I don't know 9 0.088235 8160 80 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q23_t Problem marking mail ballot (open‐ended) Problem marking mail ballot (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q24 How returned mail ballot To the best of your memory, how was your ballot returned? Code Label 1 Taken to an official election location (such as a polling place, early voting center, or dropbox). 2 Mailed back 9 I don't remember Total N 638 1378 23 8161 10200 Pct. 6.254902 13.5098 0.22549 80.0098 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q25 Who returned ballot? Did you personally return or mail back your ballot, or did someone else? Code Label N Pct. 1 I did, personally. 1791 17.55882 2 Someone else did. 234 2.294118 9 I don't remember 15 0.147059 8160 80 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q26 Where absentee ballot returned Which of the following statements most accurately describes where your ballot was returned? Code Label 1 Post office box at a U.S. Postal Service location. 2 Official post office box not at a U.S. Postal Service location. 3 Picked up by the postal worker who delivers mail to my home. 4 Drop box used only for ballots, not located at an election office or polling place. 5 Main election office. 6 Neighborhood polling place. 7 Voting center, not a neighborhood polling place. 8 Other 9 I don't know Total N 643 166 512 325 191 50 40 83 29 8161 10200 Pct. 6.303922 1.627451 5.019608 3.186275 1.872549 0.490196 0.392157 0.813725 0.284314 80.0098 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q26_t Where absentee ballot returned (open‐ended) Where absentee ballot returned (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q27 How long it took to return mail ballot Once you got to where you dropped off your ballot, how long did you have to wait before you could deposit your ballot and leave? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not at all 1097 10.7549 2 Less than 10 minutes 111 1.088235 3 10‐30 minutes 9 0.088235 4 31 minutes  ‐  1 hour 6 0.058824 9 I don't know 20 0.196078 8957 87.81373 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q27_t How long it took to return mail ballot (open‐ended) How long it took to return mail ballot (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q28 Convenience of drop‐off location Select the statement that best applies to why you decided to deposit your ballot where you did. Code Label N Pct. 1 It was convenient to my work or school. 237 2.323529 2 It was close to my home. 558 5.470588 3 It was close, or on my way, to where I had errands to run. 412 4.039216 9 I don't know. 35 0.343137 8958 87.82353 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q29 Why mail ballot dropped off Earlier you answered that you personally dropped off your ballot at an official location. Why did you decide to do that, rather than mail the ballot back in? This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q30 Why mail ballot mailed back Earlier you answered that you mailed your ballot back. Why did you decide to do that, rather than return your ballot personally to an official location? This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q31 When absentee ballot returned To the best of your memory, when was your ballot returned? Code Label N 1 On Election Day 60 2 A few days before Election Day 303 3 The week before Election Day 443 4 More than a week before Election Day 1190 5 I don't remember 42 8162 Total 10200 Pct. 0.588235 2.970588 4.343137 11.66667 0.411765 80.01961 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q32 Ease filling out absentee ballot Overall, how easy was it to follow all the instructions necessary to cast your ballot and return it to be counted? Code Label N Pct. 1 Very easy 1767 17.32353 2 Somewhat easy 239 2.343137 3 Somewhat hard 17 0.166667 4 Very hard 4 0.039216 5 I don't remember 12 0.117647 8161 80.0098 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q33 Confidence (your vote) How confident are you that your vote in the General Election was counted as you intended? Code Label N Pct. 1 Very confident 6489 63.61765 2 Somewhat confident 2176 21.33333 3 Not too confident 321 3.147059 4 Not at all confident 191 1.872549 5 I don't know 220 2.156863 803 7.872549 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q34 Confidence (county) How confident are you that votes in your county or city were counted as voters intended? Code Label N Pct. 1 Very confident 6067 59.48039 2 Somewhat confident 2977 29.18627 3 Not too confident 526 5.156863 4 Not at all confident 245 2.401961 5 I don't know 385 3.77451 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q35 Confidence (state) Now, think about vote counting throughout . How confident are you that votes in  were counted as voters intended? Code Label N Pct. 1 Very confident 5101 50.0098 2 Somewhat confident 3549 34.79412 3 Not too confident 812 7.960784 4 Not at all confident 337 3.303921 5 I don't know 400 3.921569 1 0.009804 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q36 Confidence (nationwide) Finally, think about vote counting throughout the country. How confident are you that votes nationwide were counted as voters intended? Code Label N Pct. 1 Very confident 2782 27.27451 2 Somewhat confident 4369 42.83333 3 Not too confident 1757 17.22549 4 Not at all confident 792 7.764706 5 I don't know 498 4.882353 2 0.019608 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q37a Illegal activities: People voting more than once in an election The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Code Label N Pct. 1 It is very common 576 5.647059 2 It occurs occasionally 1360 13.33333 3 It occurs infrequently 1434 14.05882 4 It almost never occurs 4783 46.89216 5 I'm not sure 2026 19.86275 21 0.205882 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q37b Illegal activities: People stealing or tampering with ballots that have been voted The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Code Label N Pct. 1 It is very common 507 4.970588 2 It occurs occasionally 1254 12.29412 3 It occurs infrequently 1437 14.08823 4 It almost never occurs 4788 46.94118 5 I'm not sure 2198 21.54902 16 0.156863 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q37c Illegal activities :People pretending to be someone else when going to vote The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Code Label N Pct. 1 It is very common 613 6.009804 2 It occurs occasionally 1445 14.16667 3 It occurs infrequently 1515 14.85294 4 It almost never occurs 4517 44.28431 5 I'm not sure 2093 20.51961 17 0.166667 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q37d Illegal activities :People voting who are not U.S. citizens The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Code Label N Pct. 1 It is very common 1067 10.46078 2 It occurs occasionally 1480 14.5098 3 It occurs infrequently 1339 13.12745 4 It almost never occurs 4140 40.58823 5 I'm not sure 2156 21.13725 18 0.176471 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q37e Illegal activities: People voting an absentee ballot intended for another person The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Code Label N Pct. 1 It is very common 757 7.421568 2 It occurs occasionally 1685 16.51961 3 It occurs infrequently 1778 17.43137 4 It almost never occurs 3397 33.30392 5 I'm not sure 2566 25.15686 17 0.166667 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q37f Illegal activities: Officials changing the reported vote count in a way that is not a true reflection of the ballots that were actually counted The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Code Label N Pct. 1 It is very common 508 4.980392 2 It occurs occasionally 1202 11.78431 3 It occurs infrequently 1313 12.87255 4 It almost never occurs 4761 46.67647 5 I'm not sure 2402 23.54902 14 0.137255 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q38 Computer hacking: nationwide How much of a problem do you believe computer hacking was nationwide in the administration of elections in 2016? Code Label N Pct. 1 Major problem 1632 16 2 Minor problem 3042 29.82353 3 Not a problem at all 2966 29.07843 9 I'm not sure 2559 25.08824 1 0.009804 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q39 Computer hacking: local How much of a problem do you believe computer hacking was locally in the administration of elections in 2016? Code Label N Pct. 1 Major problem 760 7.45098 2 Minor problem 1856 18.19608 3 Not a problem at all 5216 51.13726 9 I'm not sure 2367 23.20588 1 0.009804 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q40 Driver’s license Do you have a driver’s license? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 9361 91.77451 2 No 804 7.882353 3 I don't know 34 0.333333 1 0.009804 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q40a DL expired Is your driver’s license expired? Code Label N 1 Yes 127 2 No 9219 3 I don't know 16 838 Total 10200 Pct. 1.245098 90.38235 0.156863 8.215686 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q40b DL legal name Is the name on your driver’s license the same name you are registered to vote under? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 9227 90.46078 2 No 97 0.95098 3 I don't know 38 0.372549 838 8.215686 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q40c DL address Is the address on your driver’s license the same as the address where you are registered to vote? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 8435 82.69608 2 No 856 8.392157 3 I don't know 69 0.676471 840 8.235294 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q41 Have passport Do you have a U.S. passport? Code Label N 1 Yes 2 No 3 I don't know Total 4600 5531 68 1 10200 Pct. 45.09804 54.22549 0.666667 0.009804 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q41a Passport expired Is your passport expired? Code Label N 1 Yes 2 No 3 I don't know Total 555 3928 119 5598 10200 Pct. 5.441176 38.5098 1.166667 54.88235 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q41b Passport legal name Is the name on your passport the same name you are registered to vote under? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 4374 42.88235 2 No 199 1.95098 3 I don't know 27 0.264706 5600 54.90196 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q42 Birth certificate Do you have an official copy of your birth certificate that you can easily locate? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 8609 84.40196 2 No 1163 11.40196 3 I don't know 427 4.186275 1 0.009804 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q43a Other ID: A public assistance ID card issued by  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 856 8.392157 2 I have this ID without a picture 519 5.088235 3 I don't have this ID at all 8792 86.19608 33 0.323529 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q43b Other ID: A military ID card The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 823 8.068627 2 I have this ID without a picture 148 1.45098 3 I don't have this ID at all 9194 90.13725 35 0.343137 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q43c Other ID: An ID card issued by a state or local government outside of  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 738 7.235294 2 I have this ID without a picture 115 1.127451 3 I don't have this ID at all 9310 91.27451 37 0.362745 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q43d Other ID: An ID card from a Native American tribe The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 104 1.019608 2 I have this ID without a picture 109 1.068627 3 I don't have this ID at all 9946 97.5098 41 0.401961 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q43e Other ID: An ID card from a private college or university within  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 514 5.039216 2 I have this ID without a picture 97 0.95098 3 I don't have this ID at all 9551 93.63725 38 0.372549 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q43f Other ID: An ID card from a private college or university outside of  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 287 2.813725 2 I have this ID without a picture 113 1.107843 3 I don't have this ID at all 9760 95.68627 40 0.392157 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q43g Other ID: An ID card from a state college or university within  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 873 8.558824 2 I have this ID without a picture 119 1.166667 3 I don't have this ID at all 9169 89.89216 39 0.382353 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q43h Other ID: An ID card from a state college or university outside of  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 275 2.696079 2 I have this ID without a picture 113 1.107843 3 I don't have this ID at all 9773 95.81373 39 0.382353 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q43i Other ID: A license to carry a firearm issued by  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 775 7.598039 2 I have this ID without a picture 429 4.205883 3 I don't have this ID at all 8950 87.74509 46 0.45098 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q43j Other ID: A voter registration card issued by  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 1002 9.823529 2 I have this ID without a picture 4768 46.7451 3 I don't have this ID at all 4399 43.12745 31 0.303922 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q43k Other ID: An ID card issued by an agency or department of the federal government that you have not already indicated Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 981 9.617647 2 I have this ID without a picture 518 5.078432 3 I don't have this ID at all 8666 84.96078 35 0.343137 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q43l Other ID: An ID card issued by an agency or department of the state of  that you have not already indicated Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 1785 17.5 2 I have this ID without a picture 336 3.294118 3 I don't have this ID at all 8050 78.92157 29 0.284314 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q43m Other ID: An ID card issued by an agency of a local government in  that you have not already indicated Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 559 5.480392 2 I have this ID without a picture 209 2.04902 3 I don't have this ID at all 9393 92.08823 39 0.382353 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q44a Reform proposals: Allow absentee voting over the Internet Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 1352 13.2549 2 Support somewhat 2046 20.05882 3 Oppose somewhat 2100 20.58824 4 Oppose strongly 4676 45.84314 26 0.254902 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q44b Reform proposals: Voting using cell phones Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 626 6.137255 2 Support somewhat 1143 11.20588 3 Oppose somewhat 1936 18.98039 4 Oppose strongly 6475 63.48039 20 0.196078 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q44c Reform proposals: Run all elections by mail Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 894 8.764706 2 Support somewhat 1680 16.47059 3 Oppose somewhat 2577 25.26471 4 Oppose strongly 5026 49.27451 23 0.22549 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q44d Reform proposals: Automatically register all citizens over 18 to vote Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 3891 38.14706 2 Support somewhat 2263 22.18627 3 Oppose somewhat 1672 16.39216 4 Oppose strongly 2355 23.08824 19 0.186275 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q44e Reform proposals: Allow people to register on Election Day at the polls Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 3615 35.44118 2 Support somewhat 2164 21.21569 3 Oppose somewhat 1737 17.02941 4 Oppose strongly 2665 26.12745 19 0.186275 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q44f Reform proposals: Require all people to show government issued photo ID when they vote Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 5324 52.19608 2 Support somewhat 1932 18.94118 3 Oppose somewhat 1470 14.41177 4 Oppose strongly 1454 14.2549 20 0.196078 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q44g Reform proposals: Require electronic voting machines to print a paper backup of the ballot Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 5180 50.78431 2 Support somewhat 3486 34.17647 3 Oppose somewhat 1083 10.61765 4 Oppose strongly 427 4.186275 24 0.235294 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q44h Reform proposals: Move Election Day to a weekend Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 2388 23.41176 2 Support somewhat 3010 29.5098 3 Oppose somewhat 2533 24.83333 4 Oppose strongly 2248 22.03922 21 0.205882 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q44i Reform proposals: Make Election Day a national holiday Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 3989 39.10784 2 Support somewhat 2617 25.65686 3 Oppose somewhat 1700 16.66667 4 Oppose strongly 1872 18.35294 22 0.215686 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q44j Reform proposals: Only select election officials on a non‐partisan basis Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 3154 30.92157 2 Support somewhat 3695 36.22549 3 Oppose somewhat 2111 20.69608 4 Oppose strongly 1212 11.88235 28 0.27451 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q44k Reform proposals: Make it so that when a registered voter moves, he or she is automatically registered to vote at the new home Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 4503 44.14706 2 Support somewhat 3161 30.9902 3 Oppose somewhat 1377 13.5 4 Oppose strongly 1140 11.17647 19 0.186275 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data q45 Disability Does a health problem, disability, or handicap CURRENTLY keep you from participating fully in work, school, housework, or other activities? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 2316 22.70588 2 No 7879 77.24509 5 0.04902 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data gender Gender Are you male or female? Code Label N 1 Male 2 Female Total Pct. 4432 43.45098 5768 56.54902 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data race Race What racial or ethnic group best describes you? Code Label N Pct. 1 White 8242 80.80392 2 Black 940 9.215686 3 Hispanic 446 4.372549 4 Asian 140 1.372549 5 Native American 79 0.77451 6 Mixed 205 2.009804 7 Other 137 1.343137 8 Middle Eastern 11 0.107843 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data hispanic Hispanic Are you of Spanish, Latino, or Hispanic origin or descent? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 207 2.029412 2 No 9544 93.56863 449 4.401961 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data birthyr Birth year In what year were you born? N Mean Std. dev. Min. Max. 10200 1964.454 16.21075 1922 1998 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data educ Education What is the highest level of education you have completed? Code Label N Pct. 1 No HS 263 2.578431 2 High school graduate 2425 23.77451 3 Some college 2637 25.85294 4 2‐year 1226 12.01961 5 4‐year 2256 22.11765 6 Post‐grad 1393 13.65686 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data time_1 Length of residence ‐‐‐ years How long have you lived in your current residence? Code Label N Pct. 00 815 7.990196 11 798 7.823529 22 698 6.843137 33 663 6.5 44 460 4.509804 55 539 5.284314 66 336 3.294118 77 297 2.911765 88 310 3.039216 99 281 2.754902 10 10 506 4.960784 11 11 269 2.637255 12 12 283 2.77451 13 13 219 2.147059 14 14 204 2 15 15 291 2.852941 16 16 263 2.578431 17 17 173 1.696078 18 18 186 1.823529 19 19 140 1.372549 20 20 305 2.990196 21 21 128 1.254902 22 22 158 1.54902 23 23 120 1.176471 24 24 116 1.137255 25 25 177 1.735294 26 26 98 0.960784 27 27 63 0.617647 28 28 102 1 29 29 72 0.705882 30 30 213 2.088235 31 31 64 0.627451 32 32 63 0.617647 33 33 52 0.509804 34 34 36 0.352941 35 35 78 0.764706 36 36 51 0.5 37 37 37 0.362745 38 38 41 0.401961 39 39 33 0.323529 40 40 87 0.852941 41 41 30 0.294118 42 42 35 0.343137 43 43 36 0.352941 44 44 19 0.186275 45 45 32 0.313726 46 46 20 0.196078 47 47 18 0.176471 48 48 12 0.117647 49 49 16 0.156863 50 50 22 0.215686 51 51 5 0.04902 52 52 12 0.117647 53 53 6 0.058824 54 54 6 0.058824 55 55 12 0.117647 56 56 14 0.137255 57 57 5 0.04902 58 58 4 0.039216 59 59 7 0.068627 60 60 12 0.117647 61 61 4 0.039216 62 62 2 0.019608 63 63 3 0.029412 64 64 2 0.019608 65 65 2 0.019608 66 66 1 0.009804 67 67 1 0.009804 70 70 3 0.029412 80 80 1 0.009804 88 88 1 0.009804 100 100 3 0.029412 29 0.284314 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data time_2 Length of residence ‐‐‐ months How long have you lived in your current residence? Code Label N Pct. 00 1749 17.14706 11 821 8.04902 22 1095 10.73529 33 1051 10.30392 44 927 9.088235 55 855 8.382353 66 1243 12.18627 77 481 4.715686 88 496 4.862745 99 392 3.843137 10 10 369 3.617647 11 11 607 5.95098 12 12 9 0.088235 13 13 1 0.009804 14 14 1 0.009804 15 15 1 0.009804 16 16 1 0.009804 18 18 1 0.009804 19 19 5 0.04902 20 20 2 0.019608 22 22 1 0.009804 23 23 1 0.009804 24 24 1 0.009804 26 26 1 0.009804 30 30 1 0.009804 48 48 1 0.009804 60 60 1 0.009804 71 71 1 0.009804 92 92 1 0.009804 96 96 1 0.009804 100 100 4 0.039216 79 0.77451 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data numadults Number of adults Including yourself, how many adults over the age of 18 live in your household? Code Label N Pct. 11 2539 24.89216 22 5507 53.9902 33 1411 13.83333 44 556 5.45098 55 130 1.27451 66 26 0.254902 77 3 0.029412 88 7 0.068627 10 10 3 0.029412 12 12 3 0.029412 13 13 1 0.009804 15 15 1 0.009804 19 19 1 0.009804 20 20 1 0.009804 11 0.107843 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data child18 Children under 18 Are you the parent or guardian of any children under the age of 18? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 2549 24.9902 2 No 7651 75.0098 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data child18num Number of children under 18 How many children? Code Label N 11 1135 22 865 33 360 44 105 55 39 66 17 77 5 88 5 99 1 10 10 2 11 11 2 12 12 2 13 13 1 14 14 1 16 16 2 17 17 2 20 20 2 7654 Total 10200 Pct. 11.12745 8.480392 3.529412 1.029412 0.382353 0.166667 0.04902 0.04902 0.009804 0.019608 0.019608 0.019608 0.009804 0.009804 0.019608 0.019608 0.019608 75.03922 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data landline Number of landlines How many landline telephone lines are connected to your home?  That is, how many telephone numbers that are NOT mobile or cell numbers are used in this hourhold? Code Label N Pct. 00 4556 44.66667 11 5115 50.14706 22 334 3.27451 33 118 1.156863 44 45 0.441176 55 13 0.127451 66 3 0.029412 99 1 0.009804 10 10 4 0.039216 11 0.107843 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data marstat Marital status What is your marital status? Code Label 1 Married 2 Separated 3 Divorced 4 Widowed 5 Single 6 Domestic partnership Total N 5674 175 1199 539 2178 435 10200 Pct. 55.62745 1.715686 11.7549 5.284314 21.35294 4.264706 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data employ Employment status Which of the following best describes your current employment status? Code Label N Pct. 1 Full‐time 3871 37.95098 2 Part‐time 1099 10.77451 3 Temporarily laid off 50 0.490196 4 Unemployed 533 5.22549 5 Retired 2478 24.29412 6 Permanently disabled 846 8.294118 7 Homemaker 827 8.107843 8 Student 312 3.058824 9 Other 184 1.803922 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data employ_t Employment status (open‐ended) Employment status (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data faminc Family income Thinking back over the last year, what was our family's annual income? Code Label N Pct. 1 Less than $10,000 480 4.705883 2 $10,000 ‐ $19,999 838 8.215686 3 $20,000 ‐ $29,999 1057 10.36275 4 $30,000 ‐ $39,999 1050 10.29412 5 $40,000 ‐ $49,999 860 8.431373 6 $50,000 ‐ $59,999 867 8.5 7 $60,000 ‐ $69,999 633 6.205883 8 $70,000 ‐ $79,999 690 6.764706 9 $80,000 ‐ $99,999 846 8.294118 10 $100,000 ‐ $119,999 644 6.313725 11 $120,000 ‐ $149,999 492 4.823529 12 $150,000 ‐ $199,999 273 2.676471 13 $200,000 ‐ $249,999 118 1.156863 14 $250,000 ‐ $349,999 51 0.5 15 $350,000 ‐ $499,999 21 0.205882 16 $500,000 or more 16 0.156863 31 $150,000 or more 47 0.460784 97 Prefer not to say 1217 11.93137 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data pid3 Party ID 3 points Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a …? Code Label N Pct. 1 Democrat 3725 36.51961 2 Republican 2811 27.55882 3 Independent 2962 29.03922 4 Other 445 4.362745 5 Not sure 257 2.519608 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data pid3_t Party ID 3 points (open‐ended) Party ID 3 points (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data pid7 Party ID 7 points Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a …? Code Label N 1 Strong Democrat 2592 2 Not very strong Democrat 1133 3 Lean Democrat 900 4 Independent 1582 5 Lean Republican 1037 6 Not very strong Republican 1072 7 Strong Republican 1738 8 Not sure 146 Total 10200 Pct. 25.41176 11.10784 8.823529 15.5098 10.16667 10.5098 17.03922 1.431373 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data ideo5 Ideology 5 points In general, how would you describe your own political viewpoint? Code Label N Pct. 1 Very liberal 1234 12.09804 2 Liberal 1765 17.30392 3 Moderate 3082 30.21569 4 Conservative 2235 21.91176 5 Very conservative 1359 13.32353 6 Not sure 525 5.147059 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data newsint Political interest Would you say you follow what's going on in government and public affairs… Code Label N Pct. 1 Most of the time 6279 61.55882 2 Some of the time 2494 24.45098 3 Only now and then 944 9.254902 4 Hardly at all 384 3.764706 7 Don't know 99 0.970588 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data pew_bornagain Born Again (Pew version) Born Again (Pew version) Code Label N 1 Yes 2 No Total Pct. 3015 29.55882 7183 70.42157 2 0.019608 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data pew_religimp Importance of religion (Pew version) Importance of religion (Pew version) Code Label N 1 Very important 2 Somewhat important 3 Not too important 4 Not at all important Total 4100 2475 1425 2200 10200 Pct. 40.19608 24.26471 13.97059 21.56863 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data pew_churatd Church attendance (Pew version) How often do you attend formal religious services? Code Label N Pct. 1 More than once a week 870 8.529411 2 Once a week 1833 17.97059 3 Once or twice a month 728 7.137255 4 A few times a year 1382 13.54902 5 Seldom 2293 22.48039 6 Never 2966 29.07843 7 Don't know 127 1.245098 1 0.009804 Total 10200 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data pew_prayer Frequency of Prayer (Pew version) Frequency of Prayer (Pew version) Code Label N 1 Several times a day 2 Once a day 3 A few times a week 4 Once a week 5 A few times a month 6 Seldom 7 Never 8 Don't know Total Pct. 3162 1382 1248 250 607 1450 1855 245 1 10200 31 13.54902 12.23529 2.45098 5.95098 14.21569 18.18627 2.401961 0.009804 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data inputzip ZIP Code of residence So that we can ask you about the news and events in your area, in what zip code do you live? N Mean Std. dev. Min. Max. 10200 50079.61 30048.83 501 99929 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data starttime Beginning of interview Beginning of interview N Mean Std. dev. Min. Max. 10200 1.79482E+12 535773372.9 1.79431E+12 1.79665E+12 Appendix 2 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, unweighted data endtime End of interview End of interview N Mean Std. dev. Min. Max. 10200 1.79482E+12 541538871 1.79431E+12 1.79724E+12 179 Appendix 3. Top-line statistics from nationwide study, weighted data The following pages contain statistical summaries of all questions on the 2016 SPAE, for the dataset that contains 200 responses from each state and the District of Columbia. The data are weighted to produce statistics that are representative of respondents nationwide. To do so, the study weights (which are valid within states) have been further modified to reflect the variation in state size. Thus, respondents from larger states will contribute more to the nationwide statistics than respondents from smaller states. Note that the N’s associated with the statistics are fractional, reflecting the weights applied to the observations in the dataset. Information from this appendix may be used to retrieve estimates of nationwide averages on all the items in the SPAE. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data caseid Case ID Unique case identification number (anonymous) N Mean Std. dev. Min. Max. 10200 308293901 1022022.644 271916965 311920495 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data weight Case weight Study weight (by state) N Mean Std. dev. Min. Max. 10200 1.195443 0.68099 0.095105 5.153394 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data countyfips FIPS Code of county of residence FIPS Code of county of residence This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data countyname Name of county of residence Name of county of residence This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data inputstate State State Code 1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 53 54 55 56 Label Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Total N 158.4775 23.77925 195.8106 84.38475 1058.441 207.5012 122.7683 33.12398 23.23143 703.063 307.1023 32.01364 51.51706 413.21 204.1231 116.8805 88.39764 143.6085 151.4365 55.8214 207.5927 248.1642 358.1937 219.7856 90.26015 209.6198 36.90886 63.00874 83.99292 55.54011 289.1388 59.5824 576.2893 353.8858 25.70125 410.2293 108.4438 149.3694 456.422 34.64131 156.9591 27.62183 187.1862 669.4166 84.44408 23.51497 297.3923 247.5651 53.21844 222.1244 19.09525 10200 Pct. 1.553701 0.23313 1.919712 0.827301 10.37687 2.034326 1.203611 0.324745 0.227759 6.892774 3.010807 0.313859 0.505069 4.051079 2.001207 1.145887 0.866644 1.407927 1.484671 0.547269 2.035223 2.432983 3.511703 2.154761 0.884903 2.055096 0.361852 0.617733 0.82346 0.544511 2.834694 0.584141 5.649895 3.469469 0.251973 4.021856 1.063175 1.464406 4.474725 0.339621 1.538814 0.270802 1.835158 6.562908 0.827883 0.230539 2.91561 2.427109 0.521749 2.177691 0.187208 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q1 Voted Which of the following statements best describes you? Code Label 1 I did not vote in the election this November 2 I thought about voting this time, but didn't 3 I usually vote, but didn't this time 4 I tried to vote, but was not allowed to when I tried 5 I tried to vote, but it ended up being too much trouble 6 I definitely voted in the November General Election Total N 524.4113 232.4262 159.4479 32.56914 50.21078 9200.934 10200 Pct. 5.141287 2.278689 1.563215 0.319305 0.492263 90.20524 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q2a Reason for not voting: I did not have the right kind of identification How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 761.7014 7.467661 2 A minor factor 95.97529 0.940934 3 A major factor 65.60597 0.643196 4 I don't know 69.39227 0.680316 9207.325 90.26789 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q2b Reason for not voting: Illness or disability (own or family’s) How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 632.3066 6.199085 2 A minor factor 129.0218 1.26492 3 A major factor 184.3602 1.807453 4 I don't know 44.35174 0.434821 9209.96 90.29372 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q2c Reason for not voting: Out of town or away from home How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 706.6742 6.928179 2 A minor factor 116.6374 1.143504 3 A major factor 120.1559 1.177999 4 I don't know 46.14157 0.452368 9210.391 90.29795 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q2d Reason for not voting: I forgot to vote How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 721.4531 7.07307 2 A minor factor 120.7122 1.183453 3 A major factor 84.29645 0.826436 4 I don't know 64.89391 0.636215 9208.645 90.28083 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q2e Reason for not voting: I requested but did not receive an absentee ballot How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 742.4419 7.278842 2 A minor factor 90.32678 0.885557 3 A major factor 99.85528 0.978973 4 I don't know 57.41643 0.562906 9209.96 90.29372 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q2f Reason for not voting: I was too busy/had a conflicting work, family, or school schedule How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 600.6038 5.888273 2 A minor factor 138.0172 1.35311 3 A major factor 201.1636 1.972192 4 I don't know 53.3349 0.522891 9206.881 90.26353 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q2g Reason for not voting: Transportation problems How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 642.0579 6.294685 2 A minor factor 142.574 1.397784 3 A major factor 142.5953 1.397993 4 I don't know 62.3079 0.610862 9210.465 90.29868 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q2h Reason for not voting: I didn’t like the candidates or campaign issues How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 328.9916 3.225408 2 A minor factor 163.8732 1.6066 3 A major factor 424.4182 4.160963 4 I don't know 73.71161 0.722663 9209.005 90.28436 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q2i Reason for not voting: There were problems with my registration How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 726.8048 7.125537 2 A minor factor 79.78131 0.78217 3 A major factor 120.6307 1.182654 4 I don't know 62.82365 0.615918 9209.96 90.29372 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q2j Reason for not voting: Bad weather How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 773.9415 7.587662 2 A minor factor 89.26218 0.875119 3 A major factor 62.45037 0.612258 4 I don't know 65.206 0.639275 9209.14 90.28568 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q2k Reason for not voting: The polling place hours, or location, were inconvenient How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 687.4012 6.739227 2 A minor factor 131.0181 1.284491 3 A major factor 108.7691 1.066364 4 I don't know 62.85205 0.616197 9209.96 90.29372 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q2l Reason for not voting: The line at the polls was too long How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 683.6763 6.702709 2 A minor factor 142.2988 1.395086 3 A major factor 96.49082 0.945988 4 I don't know 65.36138 0.640798 9212.173 90.31542 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q2m I did not know where to vote How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 740.9006 7.263731 2 A minor factor 102.0686 1.000673 3 A major factor 73.57782 0.721351 4 I don't know 73.49343 0.720524 9209.96 90.29372 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q2n I did not receive my ballot in the mail, or it arrived too late for me to vote. How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not a factor 719.9743 7.058572 2 A minor factor 71.32151 0.69923 3 A major factor 144.3495 1.415191 4 I don't know 54.3951 0.533285 9209.96 90.29372 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q3 First time voting Was this your first time voting, or have you voted in elections before? Code Label N Pct. 1 I am a first time voter 646.1147 6.334457 2 I have voted in elections before 8621.072 84.52032 3 I don't know 16.52763 0.162036 916.2854 8.983191 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q4 Mode of voting How did you vote this election? Code Label 1 In person on Election Day (at polling place or precinct) 2 In person before Election Day 3 Voted by mail or absentee ballot my mail 4 I don't know Total N 4966.244 2030.045 2247.338 40.08758 916.2854 10200 Pct. 48.68867 19.9024 22.03273 0.393015 8.983191 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q5 Difficulty finding polling place How difficult was it to find your polling place to vote? Code Label N Pct. 1 Very difficult 41.49149 0.406779 2 Somewhat difficult 115.5718 1.133057 3 Fairly easy 724.9245 7.107103 4 Very easy 6104.179 59.84489 5 I don't know 17.98908 0.176364 3195.844 31.3318 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q6 Polling place type How would you describe the place where you voted? Code Label 1 Private business 2 School building 3 Church 4 Police/Fire Station 5 A store or shopping mall 6 Senior center 7 Community center 8 Library 9 Other government office (court house, municipal building, city hall, etc.) 10 Other 11 I don't remember Total N 99.18837 1623.953 1192.678 429.4103 128.8696 248.6313 1119.139 404.4794 1310.168 387.7068 59.93192 3195.844 10200 Pct. 0.972435 15.92111 11.69292 4.209905 1.263428 2.437562 10.97195 3.965485 12.84479 3.801047 0.587568 31.3318 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q6_t Polling place type (open‐ended) Polling place type (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q7 Personally knew person who checked you in Did you personally know the person who checked you in when you arrived to vote? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 824.2772 8.081149 2 No 6116.94 59.97 3 I don't know 37.75847 0.370181 4 I don't remember 23.42177 0.229625 3197.602 31.34904 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q8 How well the polling place was run How well were things run at the polling place where you voted? Code Label 1 Very well  ‐  I did not see any problems at the polling place 2 Okay  ‐  I saw some minor problems, but nothing that interfered with people voting 3 Not well  ‐  I saw some minor problems that affected the ability of a few people to vote 4 Terrible  ‐  I saw some major problems that affected the ability of many people to vote 5 I don't know Total N 5668.564 1085.017 126.6592 45.20151 71.46197 3203.097 10200 Pct. 55.57415 10.63742 1.241756 0.443152 0.700608 31.40291 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q9 Problem with voter registration Was there a problem with your voter registration when you tried to vote? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 158.5873 1.554778 2 No 6794.15 66.60931 3 I don't know 44.71962 0.438428 3202.543 31.39748 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q9_t Problem with voter registration (open‐ended) Problem with voter registration (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q10 Voting Time of day What time was it when you went to vote, that is, when you first arrived at the polling place and got in line? Code Label N Pct. 1 Before 5:00 am 10.67292 0.104637 2 5:00 am  ‐  5:59 am 67.68881 0.663616 3 6:00 am  ‐  6:59 am 267.1206 2.61883 4 7:00 am  ‐  7:59 am 432.9194 4.244308 5 8:00 am  ‐  8:59 am 550.2835 5.394937 6 9:00 am  ‐  9:59 am 751.6047 7.368673 7 10:00 am  ‐  10:59 am 933.2604 9.149611 8 11:00 am  ‐  11:59 noon 733.6319 7.19247 9 12:00 noon  ‐  12:59 pm 377.6725 3.702672 10 1:00 pm  ‐  1:59 pm 585.3086 5.738319 11 2:00 pm  ‐  2:59 pm 565.3398 5.542547 12 3:00 pm  ‐  3:59 pm 426.9253 4.185542 13 4:00 pm  ‐  4:59 pm 441.0718 4.324234 14 5:00 pm  ‐  5:59 pm 365.7016 3.58531 15 6:00 pm  ‐  6:59 pm 288.6916 2.83031 16 7:00 pm  ‐  7:59 pm 71.9459 0.705352 17 8:00 pm  ‐  8:59 pm 10.43669 0.102321 18 After 9:00 pm 3.481642 0.034134 55 Don't know 113.6989 1.114695 3202.543 31.39748 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q11 Polling place open When you arrived at the polling place and got in line to vote, was the polling place open to voters, or was it closed? Code Label N Pct. 1 It was open 6789.934 66.56798 2 It was closed 166.0672 1.62811 3 Don't know 41.45538 0.406425 3202.543 31.39748 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q12 How voting fit into day Please think back to the day when you voted in the 2014 November election. Select the statement that best applies to how voting fit into your schedule that day. Code Label N Pct. 1 I voted while on my way to work or school. 794.4345 7.788573 2 I voted before work or school, but not on my way to work or school. 466.7927 4.576399 3 I voted during a break in my work or school day. 619.5325 6.073848 4 I voted while on my way home after work or school. 729.4606 7.151575 5 I voted after work or school, but not on my way home. 519.78 5.095882 6 I did not have work or school the day I voted. 3778.104 37.04023 9 I don't remember 88.97357 0.87229 3202.922 31.4012 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q12a Errands and voting Did you fit any other errands into the trip when you went to vote? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 2912.678 28.55567 2 No 3943.261 38.65942 9 I don't remember 141.2926 1.385221 3202.769 31.39969 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q13 Line length Approximately, how long did you have to wait in line to vote? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not at all 2669.003 26.1667 2 Less than 10 minutes 2350.137 23.04056 3 10‐30 minutes 1293.13 12.67775 4 31 minutes  ‐  1 hour 479.9843 4.705729 5 More than 1 hour 155.619 1.525677 6 I don't know 49.35772 0.483899 3202.769 31.39969 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q13_t Line length (more than 1 hr) Line length (more than 1 hr) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q14 Source of line Was your wait in line mostly when you first arrived to check in at the registration table, or after you checked in and were waiting to gain access to a place to cast your ballot? Code 1 2 3 4 Label Most of my wait was to check in to vote. Most of my wait was after I had checked in, and I was waiting to gain access to a voting machine or other place to vote. My wait in line was fairly evenly divided between checking in and waiting to cast my ballot. I don't remember. Total N 2834.311 715.4504 670.161 108.1523 5871.926 10200 Pct. 27.78736 7.01422 6.570206 1.060317 57.5679 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q15 Picture ID When you first checked in at the polling place to vote, which of the following statements most closely describes how you were asked to identify yourself? Code Label N 1 I gave my name and address, but did not show any identification of any kind. 1975.232 2 I showed a letter, a bill, or something else with my name and address on it, but it was not an identification card of an 38.98878 3 I showed my voter registration card. 745.1403 4 I showed my driver's license or state‐issued photo ID. 3816.073 5 I showed my passport. 55.46153 6 I showed a military ID card. 50.64559 7 I showed some other form of identification. 157.5159 8 I don't remember. 155.7059 3205.237 Total 10200 Pct. 19.36502 0.382243 7.305297 37.41248 0.543741 0.496525 1.544274 1.526529 31.42389 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q15_t Picture ID (open‐ended) Picture ID (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q16 Picture ID follow‐up Did you show picture identification because you were asked for it specifically, or because a picture ID was the most convenient form of identification for you to show? Code Label N Pct. 1 I was asked specifically for an ID card with a picture on it 2204.314 21.61092 2 I showed a picture ID card because it was convenient for me; I could have shown another form of ID if I had wanted to 1539.099 15.0892 3 I don't know 178.9339 1.754254 6277.653 61.54562 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q17 Voting equipment problems Did you encounter any problems with the voting equipment or the ballot that may have interfered with your ability to cast your vote as intended? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 143.0965 1.402907 2 No 6769.041 66.36315 3 I don't know 85.09336 0.834249 3202.769 31.39969 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q17_t Voting equipment problems (open‐ended) Voting equipment problems (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q18 Poll worker performance Please rate the job performance of the poll workers at the polling place where you voted. Code Label N Pct. 1 Excellent 4750.327 46.57183 2 Good 1849.971 18.13697 3 Fair 299.7355 2.938583 4 Poor 47.93503 0.469951 5 I don't know 47.52228 0.465905 3204.51 31.41676 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q19 Race of Poll Worker What was the race/ethnicity of the poll worker who checked you in when you voted? Code Label N Pct. 1 African‐American 1231.989 12.07832 2 Native American 25.21201 0.247177 3 Asian 70.66885 0.692832 4 White 4350.788 42.65478 5 Hispanic 323.3593 3.170189 6 Other/multi‐racial 118.8378 1.165076 7 I don't recall the race of my poll worker 629.6142 6.172688 8 I don't know 245.7452 2.409267 3203.786 31.40967 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q20 Age of poll worker About how old was the poll worker who checked you in when you voted? Code Label N Pct. 1 Under 30 418.1976 4.099976 2 Between 31 and 50 1816.794 17.81171 3 Between 51 and 70 3432.064 33.64769 4 Older than 70 378.569 3.711461 5 I don't know 950.6641 9.320236 3203.711 31.40893 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q21 Reason for absentee ballot Which of the following statements most closely describes why you voted by mail or absentee? Code Label 1 My state or locality only has vote‐by‐mail. 2 I have signed up to receive a mail or absentee ballot automatically in each election. 3 Voting by mail or absentee was just more convenient for me this election 4 I was out of town for this election 5 I have a physical disability that makes it difficult for me to get to the polls 6 I could not get to the polls on Election Day because of my work or school schedule 7 I am in the armed forces 8 I was an election official or poll worker 10 Other Total N 325.1699 699.2291 640.8505 149.1329 210.6225 99.40727 7.441684 50.98095 65.53935 7951.626 10200 Pct. 3.187941 6.855187 6.282848 1.462087 2.064927 0.974581 0.072958 0.499813 0.642543 77.95712 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q21_t Reason for absentee ballot (open‐ended) Reason for absentee ballot (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q22 Problems getting mail ballot Were there any problems getting your absentee or mail‐in ballot sent to you? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 33.64646 0.329867 2 No 2210.04 21.66706 3 I don't know 4.687494 0.045956 7951.626 77.95712 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q22_t Problem getting mail ballot (open‐ended) Problem getting mail ballot (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q23 Problem marking mail ballot Did you encounter any problems marking or completing your ballot that may have interfered with your ability to cast your vote as intended? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 28.37956 0.278231 2 No 2205.644 21.62396 3 I don't know 14.35081 0.140694 7951.626 77.95712 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q23_t Problem marking mail ballot (open‐ended) Problem marking mail ballot (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q24 How returned mail ballot To the best of your memory, how was your ballot returned? Code Label 1 Taken to an official election location (such as a polling place, early voting center, or dropbox). 2 Mailed back 9 I don't remember Total N 645.6105 1566.471 35.99948 7951.918 10200 Pct. 6.329515 15.35756 0.352936 77.95998 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q25 Who returned ballot? Did you personally return or mail back your ballot, or did someone else? Code Label N Pct. 1 I did, personally. 1991.863 19.52806 2 Someone else did. 233.1718 2.285998 9 I don't remember 23.33985 0.228822 7951.626 77.95712 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q26 Where absentee ballot returned Which of the following statements most accurately describes where your ballot was returned? Code Label 1 Post office box at a U.S. Postal Service location. 2 Official post office box not at a U.S. Postal Service location. 3 Picked up by the postal worker who delivers mail to my home. 4 Drop box used only for ballots, not located at an election office or polling place. 5 Main election office. 6 Neighborhood polling place. 7 Voting center, not a neighborhood polling place. 8 Other 9 I don't know Total N 777.5069 177.5893 547.942 365.4159 155.4281 84.91578 41.44208 63.10814 33.99017 7952.662 10200 Pct. 7.622616 1.741071 5.371981 3.582509 1.523804 0.832508 0.406295 0.618707 0.333237 77.96727 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q26_t Where absentee ballot returned (open‐ended) Where absentee ballot returned (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q27 How long it took to return mail ballot Once you got to where you dropped off your ballot, how long did you have to wait before you could deposit your ballot and leave? Code Label N Pct. 1 Not at all 1200.366 11.76829 2 Less than 10 minutes 154.6686 1.516359 3 10‐30 minutes 12.49978 0.122547 4 31 minutes  ‐  1 hour 11.837 0.116049 9 I don't know 30.53383 0.299351 8790.095 86.17741 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q27_t How long it took to return mail ballot (open‐ended) How long it took to return mail ballot (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q28 Convenience of drop‐off location Select the statement that best applies to why you decided to deposit your ballot where you did. Code Label N Pct. 1 It was convenient to my work or school. 260.9155 2.557995 2 It was close to my home. 655.0583 6.422141 3 It was close, or on my way, to where I had errands to run. 461.2418 4.521978 9 I don't know. 32.62571 0.31986 8790.158 86.17802 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q29 Why mail ballot dropped off Earlier you answered that you personally dropped off your ballot at an official location. Why did you decide to do that, rather than mail the ballot back in? This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q30 Why mail ballot mailed back Earlier you answered that you mailed your ballot back. Why did you decide to do that, rather than return your ballot personally to an official location? This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q31 When absentee ballot returned To the best of your memory, when was your ballot returned? Code Label N 1 On Election Day 109.5061 2 A few days before Election Day 321.6302 3 The week before Election Day 443.6886 4 More than a week before Election Day 1307.611 5 I don't remember 62.79481 7954.77 Total 10200 Pct. 1.073589 3.153238 4.349888 12.81971 0.615635 77.98794 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q32 Ease filling out absentee ballot Overall, how easy was it to follow all the instructions necessary to cast your ballot and return it to be counted? Code Label N Pct. 1 Very easy 1887.944 18.50925 2 Somewhat easy 311.2294 3.051269 3 Somewhat hard 21.6957 0.212703 4 Very hard 4.852879 0.047577 5 I don't remember 21.61682 0.21193 7952.662 77.96727 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q33 Confidence (your vote) How confident are you that your vote in the General Election was counted as you intended? Code Label N Pct. 1 Very confident 5935.054 58.1868 2 Somewhat confident 2373.546 23.27006 3 Not too confident 400.5186 3.926653 4 Not at all confident 221.0261 2.166922 5 I don't know 270.2721 2.649726 999.5831 9.799834 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q34 Confidence (county) How confident are you that votes in your county or city were counted as voters intended? Code Label N Pct. 1 Very confident 5533.057 54.24566 2 Somewhat confident 3272.085 32.07927 3 Not too confident 618.1871 6.060658 4 Not at all confident 318.4602 3.122159 5 I don't know 458.2104 4.492259 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q35 Confidence (state) Now, think about vote counting throughout . How confident are you that votes in  were counted as voters intended? Code Label N Pct. 1 Very confident 4486.079 43.98116 2 Somewhat confident 3694.878 36.22429 3 Not too confident 1046.794 10.26268 4 Not at all confident 476.6865 4.673398 5 I don't know 493.8045 4.84122 1.758457 0.01724 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q36 Confidence (nationwide) Finally, think about vote counting throughout the country. How confident are you that votes nationwide were counted as voters intended? Code Label N Pct. 1 Very confident 2814.717 27.59527 2 Somewhat confident 4217.817 41.35115 3 Not too confident 1713.837 16.80232 4 Not at all confident 873.5595 8.564309 5 I don't know 574.326 5.630647 5.743197 0.056306 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q37a Illegal activities: People voting more than once in an election The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Code Label N Pct. 1 It is very common 782.7045 7.673574 2 It occurs occasionally 1394.22 13.66883 3 It occurs infrequently 1475.929 14.46989 4 It almost never occurs 4284.623 42.0061 5 I'm not sure 2240.105 21.96181 22.41863 0.219791 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q37b Illegal activities: People stealing or tampering with ballots that have been voted The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Code Label N Pct. 1 It is very common 680.3378 6.669978 2 It occurs occasionally 1360.328 13.33655 3 It occurs infrequently 1552.118 15.21685 4 It almost never occurs 4183.317 41.01292 5 I'm not sure 2411.493 23.64209 12.40479 0.121616 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q37c Illegal activities :People pretending to be someone else when going to vote The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Code Label N Pct. 1 It is very common 769.4628 7.543753 2 It occurs occasionally 1555.527 15.25026 3 It occurs infrequently 1550.615 15.20211 4 It almost never occurs 4009.668 39.31047 5 I'm not sure 2296.002 22.50983 18.72531 0.183581 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q37d Illegal activities :People voting who are not U.S. citizens The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Code Label N Pct. 1 It is very common 1207.362 11.83689 2 It occurs occasionally 1482.887 14.53811 3 It occurs infrequently 1344.539 13.18175 4 It almost never occurs 3789.223 37.14924 5 I'm not sure 2357.439 23.11215 18.5501 0.181864 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q37e Illegal activities: People voting an absentee ballot intended for another person The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Code Label N Pct. 1 It is very common 942.7831 9.242971 2 It occurs occasionally 1730.887 16.96948 3 It occurs infrequently 1772.795 17.38034 4 It almost never occurs 3031.327 29.71889 5 I'm not sure 2709.866 26.56731 12.34189 0.120999 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q37f Illegal activities: Officials changing the reported vote count in a way that is not a true reflection of the ballots that were actually counted The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Code Label N Pct. 1 It is very common 683.3994 6.699994 2 It occurs occasionally 1280.599 12.55489 3 It occurs infrequently 1427.049 13.99067 4 It almost never occurs 4176.356 40.94467 5 I'm not sure 2619.178 25.67821 13.41931 0.131562 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q38 Computer hacking: nationwide How much of a problem do you believe computer hacking was nationwide in the administration of elections in 2016? Code Label N Pct. 1 Major problem 1767.891 17.33226 2 Minor problem 2985.987 29.27438 3 Not a problem at all 2842.216 27.86487 9 I'm not sure 2602.287 25.51262 1.618753 0.01587 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q39 Computer hacking: local How much of a problem do you believe computer hacking was locally in the administration of elections in 2016? Code Label N Pct. 1 Major problem 1010.175 9.903674 2 Minor problem 1901.208 18.6393 3 Not a problem at all 4713.555 46.21132 9 I'm not sure 2574.536 25.24055 0.525598 0.005153 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q40 Driver’s license Do you have a driver’s license? Code Label N 1 Yes 8982.041 2 No 1142.612 3 I don't know 73.72839 1.618753 Total 10200 Pct. 88.05923 11.20207 0.722827 0.01587 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q40a DL expired Is your driver’s license expired? Code Label N 1 Yes 181.0488 2 No 8789.876 3 I don't know 13.60193 1215.473 Total 10200 Pct. 1.774989 86.17525 0.133352 11.9164 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q40b DL legal name Is the name on your driver’s license the same name you are registered to vote under? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 8808.154 86.35445 2 No 121.49 1.191079 3 I don't know 53.27171 0.522272 1217.085 11.9322 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q40c DL address Is the address on your driver’s license the same as the address where you are registered to vote? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 8033.746 78.76221 2 No 850.3486 8.336751 3 I don't know 97.52656 0.956143 1218.379 11.94489 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q41 Have passport Do you have a U.S. passport? Code Label N 1 Yes 4489.477 2 No 5622.65 3 I don't know 86.9263 0.945989 Total 10200 Pct. 44.01448 55.12402 0.852219 0.009274 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q41a Passport expired Is your passport expired? Code Label 1 Yes 2 No 3 I don't know Total N 557.3316 3806.375 127.6008 5708.693 10200 Pct. 5.464035 37.3174 1.250988 55.96758 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q41b Passport legal name Is the name on your passport the same name you are registered to vote under? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 4273.925 41.90123 2 No 167.9583 1.64665 3 I don't know 47.59386 0.466606 5710.523 55.98552 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q42 Birth certificate Do you have an official copy of your birth certificate that you can easily locate? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 8458.46 82.92608 2 No 1274.417 12.49429 3 I don't know 466.953 4.577971 0.170073 0.001667 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q43a Other ID: A public assistance ID card issued by  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 1136.656 11.14369 2 I have this ID without a picture 599.7996 5.880388 3 I don't have this ID at all 8436.375 82.70956 27.16983 0.266371 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q43b Other ID: A military ID card The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 709.7259 6.958097 2 I have this ID without a picture 194.4406 1.90628 3 I don't have this ID at all 9269.408 90.87655 26.42575 0.259076 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q43c Other ID: An ID card issued by a state or local government outside of  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 810.8366 7.949378 2 I have this ID without a picture 178.62 1.751176 3 I don't have this ID at all 9182.889 90.02832 27.65454 0.271123 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q43d Other ID: An ID card from a Native American tribe The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 121.5756 1.191918 2 I have this ID without a picture 159.3399 1.562155 3 I don't have this ID at all 9884.379 96.90568 34.70502 0.340245 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q43e Other ID: An ID card from a private college or university within  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 617.6778 6.055665 2 I have this ID without a picture 156.61 1.535392 3 I don't have this ID at all 9395.838 92.11606 29.87443 0.292887 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q43f Other ID: An ID card from a private college or university outside of  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 294.9694 2.891856 2 I have this ID without a picture 211.8369 2.076833 3 I don't have this ID at all 9664.38 94.74883 28.81318 0.282482 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q43g Other ID: An ID card from a state college or university within  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 914.3811 8.96452 2 I have this ID without a picture 179.9989 1.764695 3 I don't have this ID at all 9076.11 88.98147 29.51053 0.289319 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q43h Other ID: An ID card from a state college or university outside of  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 260.3895 2.552838 2 I have this ID without a picture 180.0972 1.765659 3 I don't have this ID at all 9725.75 95.35049 33.76267 0.331007 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q43i Other ID: A license to carry a firearm issued by  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 767.352 7.523058 2 I have this ID without a picture 450.5874 4.417524 3 I don't have this ID at all 8934.764 87.59573 47.29628 0.463689 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q43j Other ID: A voter registration card issued by  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 1084.328 10.63067 2 I have this ID without a picture 4915.784 48.19396 3 I don't have this ID at all 4175.795 40.93917 24.09218 0.236198 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q43k Other ID: An ID card issued by an agency or department of the federal government that you have not already indicated Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 937.8218 9.194331 2 I have this ID without a picture 534.1916 5.237173 3 I don't have this ID at all 8695.54 85.2504 32.44588 0.318097 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q43l Other ID: An ID card issued by an agency or department of the state of  that you have not already indicated Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 1816.676 17.81055 2 I have this ID without a picture 462.6781 4.53606 3 I don't have this ID at all 7897.946 77.43084 22.70033 0.222552 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q43m Other ID: An ID card issued by an agency of a local government in  that you have not already indicated Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Code Label N Pct. 1 I have this ID with a picture 637.5057 6.250056 2 I have this ID without a picture 259.6542 2.545629 3 I don't have this ID at all 9270.796 90.89015 32.04426 0.314159 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q44a Reform proposals: Allow absentee voting over the Internet Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 1435.126 14.06986 2 Support somewhat 2118.414 20.76876 3 Oppose somewhat 2073.324 20.3267 4 Oppose strongly 4544.068 44.54968 29.06961 0.284996 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q44b Reform proposals: Voting using cell phones Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 737.32 7.228628 2 Support somewhat 1279.801 12.54707 3 Oppose somewhat 1803.321 17.67961 4 Oppose strongly 6356.624 62.31984 22.9351 0.224854 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q44c Reform proposals: Run all elections by mail Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 934.1852 9.158678 2 Support somewhat 1802.415 17.67073 3 Oppose somewhat 2591.453 25.4064 4 Oppose strongly 4850.136 47.55035 21.81113 0.213835 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q44d Reform proposals: Automatically register all citizens over 18 to vote Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 4097.633 40.17287 2 Support somewhat 2245.309 22.01284 3 Oppose somewhat 1598.959 15.67607 4 Oppose strongly 2237.289 21.93421 20.81001 0.20402 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q44e Reform proposals: Allow people to register on Election Day at the polls Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 3564.288 34.944 2 Support somewhat 2111.536 20.70133 3 Oppose somewhat 1823.396 17.87643 4 Oppose strongly 2685.65 26.32991 15.12967 0.14833 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q44f Reform proposals: Require all people to show government issued photo ID when they vote Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 5309.982 52.05864 2 Support somewhat 1920.146 18.82496 3 Oppose somewhat 1498.151 14.68776 4 Oppose strongly 1452.072 14.236 19.64977 0.192645 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q44g Reform proposals: Require electronic voting machines to print a paper backup of the ballot Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 5185.303 50.8363 2 Support somewhat 3461.246 33.93378 3 Oppose somewhat 1093.794 10.72347 4 Oppose strongly 431.1779 4.227234 28.47959 0.279212 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q44h Reform proposals: Move Election Day to a weekend Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 2581.874 25.31249 2 Support somewhat 3014.428 29.55321 3 Oppose somewhat 2462.149 24.13872 4 Oppose strongly 2120.063 20.78493 21.48676 0.210655 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q44i Reform proposals: Make Election Day a national holiday Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 4165.303 40.8363 2 Support somewhat 2563.452 25.13189 3 Oppose somewhat 1630.881 15.98903 4 Oppose strongly 1816.404 17.80788 23.96016 0.234903 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q44j Reform proposals: Only select election officials on a non‐partisan basis Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 3104.228 30.43361 2 Support somewhat 3649.514 35.77955 3 Oppose somewhat 2168.803 21.26277 4 Oppose strongly 1242.238 12.1788 35.21716 0.345266 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q44k Reform proposals: Make it so that when a registered voter moves, he or she is automatically registered to vote at the new home Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Code Label N Pct. 1 Support strongly 4723.037 46.30429 2 Support somewhat 3088.766 30.28202 3 Oppose somewhat 1284.811 12.59619 4 Oppose strongly 1082.878 10.61645 20.50735 0.201052 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data q45 Disability Does a health problem, disability, or handicap CURRENTLY keep you from participating fully in work, school, housework, or other activities? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 2407.733 23.60523 2 No 7782.346 76.29751 9.920627 0.097261 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data gender Gender Are you male or female? Code Label N Pct. 1 Male 4762.393 46.69012 2 Female 5437.607 53.30988 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data race Race What racial or ethnic group best describes you? Code Label N Pct. 1 White 7520.084 73.72632 2 Black 1241.624 12.17279 3 Hispanic 902.7477 8.850468 4 Asian 150.6234 1.4767 5 Native American 43.61113 0.42756 6 Mixed 196.8381 1.929785 7 Other 124.3974 1.219583 8 Middle Eastern 20.07327 0.196797 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data hispanic Hispanic Are you of Spanish, Latino, or Hispanic origin or descent? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 254.1825 2.491985 2 No 9040.985 88.63711 904.8329 8.870911 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data birthyr Birth year In what year were you born? N Mean Std. dev. Min. Max. 10200 1966.501 17.29813 1922 1998 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data educ Education What is the highest level of education you have completed? Code Label N Pct. 1 No HS 392.7034 3.850034 2 High school graduate 3234.621 31.71197 3 Some college 2395.939 23.4896 4 2‐year 1042.622 10.22179 5 4‐year 1929.312 18.91482 6 Post‐grad 1204.802 11.81179 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data time_1 Length of residence ‐‐‐ years How long have you lived in your current residence? Code Label N Pct. 00 796.2082 7.805963 11 823.7868 8.076342 22 810.5117 7.946193 33 626.0811 6.13805 44 442.5479 4.338705 55 589.4586 5.779006 66 334.2553 3.277013 77 267.5988 2.623518 88 263.0893 2.579307 99 279.6148 2.741321 10 10 497.3228 4.875714 11 11 252.2053 2.472601 12 12 235.8464 2.312219 13 13 233.5702 2.289904 14 14 188.1176 1.84429 15 15 243.982 2.39198 16 16 247.679 2.428225 17 17 189.517 1.85801 18 18 220.6943 2.16367 19 19 158.7364 1.556239 20 20 322.0554 3.157406 21 21 122.1498 1.197547 22 22 170.3556 1.670153 23 23 130.0838 1.275331 24 24 127.5341 1.250334 25 25 150.1285 1.471848 26 26 86.86199 0.851588 27 27 50.86647 0.498691 28 28 105.2837 1.032193 29 29 67.96571 0.66633 30 30 222.7289 2.183617 31 31 60.4431 0.592579 32 32 63.06938 0.618327 33 33 59.96469 0.587889 34 34 34.89659 0.342123 35 35 73.73285 0.722871 36 36 48.13177 0.47188 37 37 45.19483 0.443087 38 38 40.73585 0.399371 39 39 42.02211 0.411981 40 40 75.21974 0.737448 41 41 32.77609 0.321334 42 42 33.45574 0.327997 43 43 42.25172 0.414233 44 44 23.49467 0.23034 45 45 32.72203 0.320804 46 46 14.15769 0.138801 47 47 12.58922 0.123424 48 48 9.334787 0.091518 49 49 29.27184 0.286979 50 50 34.84578 0.341625 51 51 11.10882 0.10891 52 52 16.57365 0.162487 53 53 4.192372 0.041102 54 54 3.838986 0.037637 55 55 10.46453 0.102593 56 56 9.294969 0.091127 57 57 5.425937 0.053195 58 58 3.69804 0.036255 59 59 6.439571 0.063133 60 60 9.089697 0.089115 61 61 5.195536 0.050937 62 62 1.786505 0.017515 63 63 0.612186 0.006002 64 64 1.976226 0.019375 65 65 1.353112 0.013266 66 66 0.233837 0.002293 67 67 0.303973 0.00298 70 70 1.648346 0.01616 80 80 6.891343 0.067562 88 88 0.812013 0.007961 100 100 2.084516 0.020436 31.82797 0.312039 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data time_2 Length of residence ‐‐‐ months How long have you lived in your current residence? Code Label N Pct. 00 1846.523 18.10316 11 835.6257 8.192409 22 1090.539 10.69156 33 1041.562 10.21139 44 884.3413 8.670012 55 926.3467 9.08183 66 1177.366 11.5428 77 457.9565 4.48977 88 441.6835 4.33023 99 369.4056 3.621624 10 10 375.807 3.684383 11 11 637.3436 6.248466 12 12 7.01817 0.068806 13 13 1.843504 0.018074 14 14 1.705884 0.016724 15 15 0.426409 0.00418 16 16 0.839866 0.008234 18 18 0.538979 0.005284 19 19 5.643978 0.055333 20 20 1.670788 0.01638 22 22 1.588297 0.015572 23 23 0.416913 0.004087 24 24 1.769479 0.017348 26 26 1.373641 0.013467 30 30 0.112603 0.001104 48 48 0.039159 0.000384 60 60 1.277312 0.012523 71 71 0.273939 0.002686 92 92 1.373641 0.013467 96 96 1.482024 0.01453 100 100 7.02192 0.068842 79.08424 0.775336 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data numadults Number of adults Including yourself, how many adults over the age of 18 live in your household? Code Label N Pct. 11 2467.976 24.19584 22 5249.3 51.46372 33 1610.013 15.78444 44 645.6307 6.329712 55 156.1498 1.530881 66 25.54494 0.250441 77 5.018305 0.049199 88 13.19101 0.129324 10 10 8.819037 0.086461 12 12 1.04772 0.010272 13 13 1.997586 0.019584 15 15 1.262537 0.012378 19 19 6.826285 0.066924 20 20 1.026959 0.010068 6.196714 0.060752 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data child18 Children under 18 Are you the parent or guardian of any children under the age of 18? Code Label N Pct. 1 Yes 2479.015 24.30406 2 No 7720.986 75.69594 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data child18num Number of children under 18 How many children? Code Label N 11 1047.636 22 840.9309 33 399.7029 44 95.74641 55 36.52043 66 32.60037 77 9.165329 88 4.498983 99 0.949635 10 10 0.637391 11 11 2.71318 12 12 0.122921 13 13 1.241077 14 14 0.580443 16 16 0.984696 17 17 1.567563 20 20 1.251969 7723.15 Total 10200 Pct. 10.27094 8.244421 3.918656 0.93869 0.358043 0.319611 0.089856 0.044108 0.00931 0.006249 0.0266 0.001205 0.012167 0.005691 0.009654 0.015368 0.012274 75.71716 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data landline Number of landlines How many landline telephone lines are connected to your home?  That is, how many telephone numbers that are NOT mobile or cell numbers are used in this household? Code Label N Pct. 00 4470.727 43.83066 11 5061.452 49.62207 22 410.9036 4.028466 33 155.7495 1.526956 44 57.58649 0.564573 55 20.87425 0.20465 66 1.619702 0.015879 99 1.691715 0.016585 10 10 4.847517 0.047525 14.54861 0.142633 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data marstat Marital status What is your marital status? Code Label 1 Married 2 Separated 3 Divorced 4 Widowed 5 Single 6 Domestic partnership Total N 5171.289 180.1376 1112.843 517.7296 2796.68 421.3203 10200 Pct. 50.69891 1.766055 10.91023 5.075781 27.41844 4.130591 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data employ Employment status Which of the following best describes your current employment status? Code Label N Pct. 1 Full‐time 3618.316 35.47369 2 Part‐time 1157.1 11.34412 3 Temporarily laid off 63.8045 0.625534 4 Unemployed 697.3472 6.836737 5 Retired 2359.392 23.1313 6 Permanently disabled 880.6822 8.634139 7 Homemaker 840.1021 8.236295 8 Student 433.2726 4.247771 9 Other 149.983 1.470421 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data employ_t Employment status (open‐ended) Employment status (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data faminc Family income Thinking back over the last year, what was our family's annual income? Code Label N Pct. 1 Less than $10,000 600.1572 5.883894 2 $10,000 ‐ $19,999 861.2193 8.443327 3 $20,000 ‐ $29,999 1051.475 10.30857 4 $30,000 ‐ $39,999 1141.959 11.19567 5 $40,000 ‐ $49,999 802.3507 7.866184 6 $50,000 ‐ $59,999 838.3535 8.219152 7 $60,000 ‐ $69,999 565.2051 5.541226 8 $70,000 ‐ $79,999 633.2531 6.208364 9 $80,000 ‐ $99,999 742.9196 7.283526 10 $100,000 ‐ $119,999 559.8488 5.488714 11 $120,000 ‐ $149,999 461.1531 4.521109 12 $150,000 ‐ $199,999 289.5503 2.838728 13 $200,000 ‐ $249,999 115.8194 1.135484 14 $250,000 ‐ $349,999 58.86047 0.577063 15 $350,000 ‐ $499,999 14.05328 0.137777 16 $500,000 or more 9.787297 0.095954 31 $150,000 or more 40.10885 0.393224 97 Prefer not to say 1413.926 13.86202 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data pid3 Party ID 3 points Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a …? Code Label N Pct. 1 Democrat 4075.577 39.95664 2 Republican 2604.403 25.53336 3 Independent 2722.519 26.69136 4 Other 507.181 4.972363 5 Not sure 290.3198 2.846273 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data pid3_t Party ID 3 points (open‐ended) Party ID 3 points (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data pid7 Party ID 7 points Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a …? Code Label N 1 Strong Democrat 2800.388 2 Not very strong Democrat 1274.843 3 Lean Democrat 871.1277 4 Independent 1534.756 5 Lean Republican 961.2323 6 Not very strong Republican 1009.759 7 Strong Republican 1592.017 8 Not sure 155.8777 Total 10200 Pct. 27.45478 12.49846 8.540467 15.04662 9.423846 9.899596 15.60801 1.528213 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data ideo5 Ideology 5 points In general, how would you describe your own political viewpoint? Code Label N Pct. 1 Very liberal 1268.974 12.44092 2 Liberal 1795.959 17.60744 3 Moderate 3018.5 29.59313 4 Conservative 2167.469 21.2497 5 Very conservative 1330.313 13.04228 6 Not sure 618.7848 6.066518 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data newsint Political interest Would you say you follow what's going on in government and public affairs… Code Label N Pct. 1 Most of the time 6153.153 60.32503 2 Some of the time 2511.909 24.62656 3 Only now and then 968.7891 9.497932 4 Hardly at all 423.2053 4.149072 7 Don't know 142.9433 1.401405 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data pew_bornagain Born Again (Pew version) Born Again (Pew version) Code Label N 1 Yes 3009.045 2 No 7190.371 0.583915 Total 10200 Pct. 29.50044 70.49384 0.005725 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data pew_religimp Importance of religion (Pew version) Importance of religion (Pew version) Code Label N 1 Very important 4048.904 2 Somewhat important 2556.599 3 Not too important 1328.926 4 Not at all important 2265.572 Total 10200 Pct. 39.69513 25.0647 13.02868 22.21149 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data pew_churatd Church attendance (Pew version) How often do you attend formal religious services? Code Label N Pct. 1 More than once a week 867.8326 8.508162 2 Once a week 1757.229 17.22773 3 Once or twice a month 746.3157 7.31682 4 A few times a year 1388.139 13.60921 5 Seldom 2233.054 21.89269 6 Never 3028.285 29.68907 7 Don't know 177.9957 1.745056 1.148767 0.011262 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data pew_prayer Frequency of Prayer (Pew version) Frequency of Prayer (Pew version) Code Label N Pct. 1 Several times a day 3103.047 30.42203 2 Once a day 1302.207 12.76673 3 A few times a week 1224.727 12.00713 4 Once a week 308.001 3.019618 5 A few times a month 626.7112 6.144227 6 Seldom 1383.136 13.56015 7 Never 1951.578 19.13312 8 Don't know 299.4447 2.935733 1.148767 0.011262 Total 10200 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data inputzip ZIP Code of residence So that we can ask you about the news and events in your area, in what zip code do you live? N Mean Std. dev. Min. Max. 10200 49988.02 29361.89 501 99929 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data starttime Beginning of interview Beginning of interview N Mean Std. dev. Min. Max. 10200 1.79465E+12 406303815.6 1.79431E+12 1.79665E+12 Appendix 3 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, nationally weighted data endtime End of interview End of interview N Mean Std. dev. Min. Max. 10200 1.79466E+12 416979378.4 1.79431E+12 1.79724E+12 313 Appendix 4. Top-line statistics from the nationwide study, by state, weighted data The following pages contain statistical summaries of all questions on the 2016 SPAE, for the dataset that contains 200 responses from each state and the District of Columbia. The summary statistics are produced for each state separately. The data are weighted to produce statistics that are representative of respondents within that state. Note that the N’s associated with the statistics are fractional, reflecting the weights applied to the observations in the dataset. Information from this appendix may be used to retrieve estimates of state averages on all the items in the SPAE. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  caseid Var. label:  Case ID Question:  Unique case identification number (anonymous) State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Mean N 3.09E+08 3.1E+08 3.09E+08 3.09E+08 3.08E+08 3.08E+08 3.09E+08 3.09E+08 3.1E+08 3.08E+08 3.08E+08 3.1E+08 3.09E+08 3.08E+08 3.08E+08 3.09E+08 3.09E+08 3.08E+08 3.09E+08 3.09E+08 3.09E+08 3.08E+08 3.08E+08 3.08E+08 3.09E+08 3.08E+08 3.09E+08 3.09E+08 3.09E+08 3.09E+08 3.08E+08 3.09E+08 3.08E+08 3.08E+08 3.1E+08 3.08E+08 3.09E+08 3.08E+08 3.08E+08 3.09E+08 3.09E+08 3.1E+08 3.09E+08 3.08E+08 3.09E+08 3.1E+08 3.08E+08 3.08E+08 3.09E+08 3.08E+08 3.1E+08 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Std. dev. 1173427 1293253 976523.8 1003112 488776 739784.2 905077.2 965768.1 1163924 536136.6 712742.6 1190410 981646.6 617636.4 874056.7 893835.4 919950 825826.1 926683.2 927267.1 802290.8 728334.4 755786.5 2580782 1031295 854080.8 990500.1 947693.9 832351.3 778534.7 658281.4 1006236 499929.2 605264.1 1190684 562874.5 890184.9 775130.6 509251.4 974845.1 931862.9 1995998 847514.9 543430.5 900878.5 1155109 653547.5 3271615 941512.4 870201.8 1235350 Min. 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.06E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.06E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.06E+08 3.06E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 2.82E+08 3.06E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.08E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.05E+08 3.07E+08 2.84E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.06E+08 3.07E+08 2.72E+08 3.07E+08 3.07E+08 3.08E+08 Max. 3.11E+08 3.12E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.09E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.1E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.1E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.1E+08 3.11E+08 3.1E+08 3.11E+08 3.12E+08 3.09E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.09E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.1E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.11E+08 3.12E+08 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  weight Var. label:  Case weight Question:  Study weight (by state) State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Mean N 1.148087 2.244181 1.152849 1.244076 1.13255 1.150406 1.27971 1.314944 1.983937 1.155318 1.09 2.690017 1.321647 1.108649 1.289777 1.120493 1.404452 1.119204 1.358362 1.269977 1.15596 1.137038 1.153838 1.14903 1.456369 1.209528 1.551316 1.28618 1.120908 1.38678 1.079544 1.263047 1.237682 1.193227 1.563598 1.157353 1.270857 1.178709 1.146209 1.497116 1.276286 1.540239 1.10811 1.241082 1.134376 1.639345 1.156636 1.117999 1.283305 1.287049 1.501644 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Std. dev. 0.550236 1.701104 0.55129 0.788698 0.426388 0.498153 0.789827 0.852373 1.533353 0.647209 0.410539 1.964458 0.763349 0.459012 0.789854 0.453037 1.107028 0.432157 0.962166 0.653059 0.488972 0.467509 0.516149 0.449047 1.122514 0.741709 1.122309 0.918538 0.471551 0.984498 0.357193 0.659801 0.86174 0.611378 1.127925 0.646587 1.000102 0.57564 0.611758 1.070392 0.831767 1.027582 0.40282 0.83653 0.461741 1.183967 0.498876 0.408616 0.886098 0.93608 1.023534 Min. 0.490908 0.099442 0.508969 0.587326 0.396725 0.437851 0.566617 0.357086 0.153411 0.346048 0.638779 0.095105 0.197097 0.603928 0.406121 0.477801 0.381442 0.634266 0.103047 0.2833 0.459924 0.580785 0.430235 0.563291 0.395236 0.431843 0.399027 0.407283 0.465812 0.41686 0.656872 0.432738 0.368387 0.368777 0.18811 0.682906 0.603873 0.511136 0.718137 0.402522 0.426394 0.23642 0.586983 0.622797 0.479677 0.42443 0.367141 0.56233 0.280079 0.56838 0.328704 Max. 3.558999 5.028309 3.03389 3.68922 2.571667 3.189931 4.214745 5.000802 5.016496 3.916602 3.179824 5.153394 3.417554 2.656613 3.98901 2.834383 5.000167 2.732619 4.8046 3.536622 3.435654 2.922235 2.535923 2.761098 5.009171 5.000687 5.011847 5.0009 3.044321 5.000178 2.610713 3.015978 5.000728 3.299798 5.007244 3.226972 5.004241 2.994684 3.390686 5.00017 4.300644 5.004053 2.364699 4.326955 3.061118 4.963086 2.949598 2.373513 5.002878 4.993359 5.000401 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  countyfips Var. label:  FIPS Code of county of residence Question:  FIPS Code of county of residence This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  countyname Var. label:  Name of county of residence Question:  Name of county of residence This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q1 Var. label:  Voted Question:  Which of the following statements best describes you? Percentages: State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 I tried to vote,  I tried to vote,  but it ended up  I definitely voted  I did not vote in  I thought about  but was not  the election this  voting this time,  I usually vote, but  allowed to when I  being too much  in the November  trouble General Election November but didn't didn't this time tried 6.27 1.15 1.12 0.93 0.44 90.10 4.14 2.82 7.33 0.98 84.73 2.09 2.49 1.00 0.77 93.65 7.06 0.93 5.19 3.24 83.58 4.93 4.65 1.81 0.87 87.75 2.39 1.53 96.08 6.36 0.84 1.61 91.19 2.82 0.84 2.34 93.99 3.78 1.02 5.79 89.41 6.64 1.55 0.71 1.45 89.65 6.34 2.43 2.67 0.48 88.07 3.37 2.22 1.38 0.21 2.66 90.16 1.76 0.30 2.01 0.26 95.68 4.22 2.14 1.76 0.43 0.34 91.11 5.16 1.30 1.47 0.48 0.48 91.10 3.15 1.20 1.92 1.02 92.71 5.65 1.24 0.31 0.34 2.21 90.26 5.03 2.34 1.54 0.38 90.71 7.16 1.70 0.83 0.58 89.73 3.08 2.72 0.35 93.85 4.62 2.09 1.91 91.38 6.36 93.64 7.53 3.22 1.03 0.49 0.38 87.36 2.84 1.43 0.78 0.45 94.50 4.81 3.73 2.93 2.26 0.79 85.48 5.24 0.33 0.69 93.74 0.97 2.42 96.61 3.15 0.87 2.41 93.58 4.75 1.41 1.49 0.70 91.64 0.63 1.64 97.73 0.94 4.06 0.53 0.52 93.95 2.73 1.65 2.33 93.30 3.77 1.60 1.93 92.71 10.64 0.57 0.84 0.44 87.51 5.07 0.34 2.40 0.81 91.38 4.09 1.98 0.42 0.46 0.88 92.17 6.43 2.79 1.86 0.36 0.46 88.09 3.58 2.08 0.43 1.25 92.66 8.08 0.98 1.38 89.56 3.84 4.20 0.78 0.28 90.89 5.34 1.19 1.79 91.68 4.23 2.38 2.50 90.88 9.47 3.54 1.12 0.52 85.34 5.64 5.91 3.23 1.59 83.63 3.76 1.84 0.24 94.17 4.82 3.54 2.48 89.17 3.18 2.15 2.24 1.79 0.65 89.99 1.28 1.10 1.34 96.28 11.25 1.87 2.50 0.56 83.81 4.71 0.98 3.08 0.78 1.46 89.00 6.40 1.98 91.61 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q2a Var. label:  Reason for not voting: I did not have the right kind of identification Question:  How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Percentages: State N Not a factor A minor factor A major factor Alabama 20 77.41 4.40 18.19 Alaska 31 61.42 20.93 17.64 Arizona 12 100.00 Arkansas 33 91.35 4.26 4.39 California 21 71.30 14.82 13.89 Colorado 8 100.00 Connecticut 18 83.25 11.19 5.56 Delaware 12 100.00 District of Columbia 20 77.09 13.70 9.20 Florida 20 85.54 9.91 4.55 Georgia 21 75.97 19.55 4.48 Hawaii 19 85.98 14.02 Idaho 7 100.00 Illinois 18 76.94 8.18 14.88 Indiana 18 89.32 3.94 6.75 Iowa 15 92.84 7.16 Kansas 18 100.00 Kentucky 16 100.00 Louisiana 19 93.96 6.04 Maine 11 100.00 Maryland 14 100.00 Massachusetts 13 90.48 9.52 Michigan 24 82.64 13.94 3.42 Minnesota 9 90.33 9.67 Mississippi 29 89.94 5.55 4.51 Missouri 13 80.53 19.47 Montana 7 100.00 Nebraska 12 85.23 14.77 Nevada 17 83.83 16.17 New Hampshire 5 86.08 13.92 New Jersey 12 72.61 15.97 11.42 New Mexico 13 87.90 12.10 14 51.76 33.09 15.15 New York North Carolina 25 89.39 10.61 North Dakota 17 62.57 22.78 14.65 Ohio 14 100.00 Oklahoma 18 100.00 Oregon 12 81.80 18.20 Pennsylvania 19 81.81 18.19 Rhode Island 18 92.57 7.43 South Carolina 17 100.00 South Dakota 17 55.49 44.51 Tennessee 28 84.42 12.10 3.48 Texas 30 78.15 16.18 5.67 Utah 12 87.88 12.12 Vermont 22 100.00 Virginia 18 86.15 13.85 Washington 7 82.36 17.64 West Virginia 29 95.54 4.46 Wisconsin 18 86.98 3.22 9.80 Wyoming 17 100.00 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q2b Var. label:  Reason for not voting: Illness or disability (own or family’s) Question:  How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Percentages: State N Not a factor A minor factor A major factor Alabama 19.80640411 65.86042023 5.799592018 28.33999634 Alaska 30.54722214 92.04188538 7.95811224 Arizona 11.74505711 54.44701004 19.86265182 25.69033813 Arkansas 32.84270859 69.57607269 14.37060928 16.05331612 California 22.77685356 49.77658463 26.63267136 23.59074783 Colorado 7.840160847 100 Connecticut 17.62130165 74.6973877 3.988154888 21.31446075 Delaware 12.01219177 77.34231567 22.65768623 District of Columbia 20.37127304 51.10575104 24.26889801 24.62534142 Florida 19.83331871 84.28811646 15.71188354 Georgia 20.46993065 73.06233215 21.88693047 5.05073452 Hawaii 18.9946785 68.8598175 2.196059227 28.94412041 Idaho 8.64361763 86.27505493 7.755592823 5.969353676 Illinois 17.7719059 49.11844635 34.03878021 16.84277534 Indiana 17.79869652 74.6570816 12.19434357 13.14857197 Iowa 14.58001804 86.02107239 6.532723904 7.446196556 Kansas 17.88050842 78.52696991 9.008786201 12.4642477 Kentucky 15.78477764 80.30667114 6.879900932 12.81343079 Louisiana 19.29135323 81.81342316 4.719421864 13.46716213 Maine 11.12123203 78.07604218 21.92396164 Maryland 15.80846977 84.13883209 15.86117172 Massachusetts 12.7229538 93.23634338 6.763650894 Michigan 24.31666183 57.39218903 21.18680382 21.42100334 Minnesota 9.373976707 77.02922821 9.669435501 13.30133343 Mississippi 28.50955009 77.84553528 9.733000755 12.42146587 Missouri 11.71365452 79.24201965 20.75797272 Montana 6.773812771 100 Nebraska 11.60754776 86.27544403 6.947676182 6.776880741 Nevada 16.72117996 78.30657196 21.69342995 New Hampshire 4.535087109 54.13462067 45.86538315 New Jersey 12.10153294 61.10363007 30.84479332 8.051574707 New Mexico 13.40895653 77.50772858 22.49226761 New York 12.60893726 46.00414276 7.957736015 46.03812408 North Carolina 24.970541 68.71325684 11.98349953 19.30323982 17.24107742 74.95717621 5.878746033 19.16408157 North Dakota Ohio 14.80530548 64.96704865 11.32874298 23.7042141 Oklahoma 23.10529137 86.97608185 13.02391815 Oregon 13.49493408 66.57791138 24.38473129 9.037348747 Pennsylvania 19.63556862 80.936203 4.933460712 14.13033009 Rhode Island 18.21146774 86.43061829 7.430349827 6.139025688 South Carolina 16.63939285 77.88507843 7.158309937 14.95661831 South Dakota 12.19957161 79.3655014 20.63450432 Tennessee 29.31774139 80.44308472 8.284080505 11.27283573 Texas 31.36392784 58.60941315 7.954089642 33.43649673 Utah 11.66612244 67.28343964 22.92391205 9.792638779 Vermont 19.70884323 70.00870514 16.76244354 13.2288475 Virginia 18.81139183 50.8692131 36.24314499 12.88764 Washington 6.785041332 71.40464783 9.668313026 18.92703438 West Virginia 29.59331894 37.76451874 50.83728409 11.39820194 Wisconsin 18.5473671 70.44462585 14.18515778 15.37020683 Wyoming 16.77201462 63.5387764 14.64523411 21.81598854 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q2c Var. label:  Reason for not voting: Out of town or away from home Question:  How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Percentages: State N Not a factor A minor factor A major factor Alabama 19.80641 84.83877563 15.1612196 Alaska 30.54722 95.30958557 4.690416813 Arizona 11.74506 86.87742615 13.12256336 Arkansas 32.8427 62.79719162 6.937642574 30.26517296 California 22.77685 44.88685989 40.50038147 14.61275959 Colorado 7.840161 100 Connecticut 16.91854 68.29421997 31.70577621 Delaware 12.01219 100 District of Columbia 20.37127 75.73110199 24.26889992 Florida 19.83332 83.67066193 5.018132687 11.31120491 Georgia 21.49376 88.11969757 2.971927166 8.908373833 Hawaii 18.99468 66.09042358 14.98293972 18.92663956 Idaho 8.643618 92.24440765 7.755592823 Illinois 17.77191 71.65675354 12.50220966 15.84103775 Indiana 17.7987 84.16217041 11.90105343 3.936776161 Iowa 14.58002 88.74565887 11.25434399 Kansas 17.88051 75.28434753 24.71565437 Kentucky 16.54629 95.39770508 4.602294922 Louisiana 19.29136 57.99953842 15.03952885 26.96092606 Maine 11.12123 100 Maryland 14.09658 94.35663605 5.643367767 Massachusetts 12.72295 91.08405304 8.91594696 Michigan 24.31666 88.97332764 4.627842426 6.398822308 Minnesota 9.373977 90.33056641 9.669435501 Mississippi 28.50955 79.44232941 6.258897305 14.29877758 Missouri 11.15352 89.09148407 10.90851784 Montana 6.773813 80.35572052 19.6442852 Nebraska 11.60755 66.52980804 7.991676331 25.47851753 Nevada 15.31552 59.09775543 15.01840878 25.88383675 New Hampshire 4.535087 45.86538315 54.13462067 New Jersey 12.10153 41.53460312 10.53725338 47.92815018 New Mexico 13.40896 87.902771 12.09722042 New York 12.60894 69.10961151 14.70876884 16.18162346 North Carolina 24.97054 92.89307404 7.10692358 North Dakota 17.24108 80.94580078 1.76742506 17.2867775 Ohio 14.80531 87.12050629 6.149919987 6.729568958 Oklahoma 23.10529 93.05570984 6.944298267 Oregon 13.49493 70.22501373 29.77498627 Pennsylvania 19.63557 73.05149078 17.26808167 9.680427551 Rhode Island 18.21147 72.29994202 14.21326065 13.48678589 South Carolina 16.63939 100 South Dakota 12.19957 76.92840576 6.862866402 16.20872116 Tennessee 29.31774 87.86226654 9.325428963 2.812298536 Texas 31.36393 69.62239075 17.00263405 13.37497902 Utah 11.66612 67.80832672 26.510746 5.680929661 Vermont 21.66571 77.42575073 22.57424736 Virginia 18.81139 47.8947525 14.40864563 37.69659805 Washington 6.785041 90.3316803 9.668313026 West Virginia 29.59332 79.8975296 6.168547153 13.93392563 Wisconsin 17.48081 100 Wyoming 16.77201 88.1807251 11.81927299 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q2d Var. label:  Reason for not voting: I forgot to vote Question:  How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Percentages: State N Not a factor A minor factor A major factor Alabama 19.80641 90.60312653 9.396870613 Alaska 30.54722 78.36375427 17.16389465 4.472351551 Arizona 11.74506 90.06074524 9.939255714 Arkansas 32.84271 84.8575058 11.67056656 3.471925974 California 19.79269 63.13423157 24.66951942 12.19624329 Colorado 7.840161 86.9377594 13.06223583 Connecticut 17.6213 65.62174225 28.82053375 5.55772686 Delaware 12.01219 100 District of Columbia 20.37127 75.73110199 24.26889992 Florida 19.83332 65.9973526 24.76572037 9.236927986 Georgia 21.49376 87.78914642 12.21085358 Hawaii 18.99468 98.11440277 1.885605097 Idaho 8.643618 73.53752136 26.46248245 Illinois 17.77191 59.93867874 27.99163055 12.06968975 Indiana 17.7987 88.09894562 6.745584965 5.155467987 Iowa 14.58002 100 Kansas 17.88051 100 Kentucky 15.15051 92.83207703 7.167922497 Louisiana 18.70758 100 Maine 11.12123 95.13987732 4.860117435 Maryland 14.09658 100 Massachusetts 12.72295 100 Michigan 25.28881 79.97640228 7.635939121 12.38765621 Minnesota 9.373977 73.74813843 9.669435501 16.58242798 Mississippi 28.50955 72.84774017 23.82904816 3.3232162 Missouri 11.71365 100 Montana 6.773813 80.35572052 19.6442852 Nebraska 11.60755 100 Nevada 16.72118 86.0719986 13.9279995 New Hampshire 4.535087 86.08311462 13.91688442 New Jersey 10.3015 81.23900604 18.76098251 New Mexico 13.40896 100 New York 12.60894 83.75626373 8.286002159 7.957736015 North Carolina 23.1959 63.89779663 36.10220337 North Dakota 17.24108 90.64671326 9.353294373 Ohio 14.80531 100 Oklahoma 23.10529 100 Oregon 13.49493 55.31975937 4.180375576 40.49986649 Pennsylvania 19.63557 67.06270599 32.93729019 Rhode Island 18.21147 88.02570343 6.782911301 5.191385746 South Carolina 16.63939 100 South Dakota 12.19957 100 Tennessee 29.31774 77.85041046 13.51091576 8.63866806 Texas 31.36393 74.00720215 11.59728146 14.39550781 Utah 11.66612 91.46396637 8.536032677 Vermont 21.66571 100 Virginia 20.01155 63.51238251 12.50705147 23.9805603 Washington 6.785041 90.3316803 9.668313026 West Virginia 28.29565 64.33948517 35.66051483 Wisconsin 18.54737 94.24956512 5.750441074 Wyoming 16.77201 100 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q2e Var. label:  Reason for not voting: I requested but did not receive an absentee ballot Question:  How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Percentages: State N Not a factor A minor factor A major factor Alabama 19.80641 90.60312653 9.396870613 Alaska 27.90142 76.84310913 23.15689087 Arizona 11.74506 100 Arkansas 32.84271 88.74646759 5.860674858 5.39285183 California 21.91136 51.14282227 13.61925125 35.23792648 Colorado 7.840161 100 Connecticut 17.6213 79.26496124 11.18915462 9.545882225 Delaware 12.01219 100 District of Columbia 20.37127 75.73110199 24.26889992 Florida 19.83332 81.65092468 9.777391434 8.571691513 Georgia 21.49376 71.83261108 28.1673851 Hawaii 18.99468 79.83569336 3.399930954 16.76437569 Idaho 7.973254 79.72029877 20.27969933 Illinois 17.77191 65.80741882 23.06250572 11.13007641 Indiana 17.7987 93.25440979 6.745584965 Iowa 14.58002 80.8478775 19.15211868 Kansas 17.88051 75.28434753 24.71565437 Kentucky 15.78478 100 Louisiana 19.29135 93.9932785 6.006730556 Maine 11.12123 95.13987732 4.860117435 Maryland 14.95253 94.27559662 5.724405289 Massachusetts 12.72295 100 Michigan 24.31666 83.17373657 7.941212654 8.885046959 Minnesota 9.373977 90.33056641 9.669435501 Mississippi 27.34492 88.48712158 8.048129082 3.464753151 Missouri 12.52041 100 Montana 6.773813 100 Nebraska 10.67991 99.99999237 Nevada 16.72118 91.59355927 8.40644455 New Hampshire 4.535087 86.08311462 13.91688442 New Jersey 12.10153 69.15520477 30.84479332 New Mexico 11.78685 100 12.60894 77.33350372 14.7087698 7.957736492 New York North Carolina 24.97054 85.78614807 7.10692358 7.10692358 North Dakota 15.62847 98.05020905 1.949795127 Ohio 14.05958 92.91349792 7.086506367 Oklahoma 23.10529 97.20287323 2.797122717 Oregon 13.49493 66.57791901 16.55726051 16.86482048 Pennsylvania 19.63557 100 Rhode Island 18.21147 100 South Carolina 16.63939 92.84169006 7.158309937 South Dakota 12.19957 86.81112671 13.18887329 Tennessee 29.31774 92.86374664 7.136249542 Texas 29.56317 74.64286804 15.86150837 9.495625496 Utah 11.66612 87.87713623 12.12286377 Vermont 18.36203 75.33869934 21.32026291 3.341041565 Virginia 20.01154 46.56925201 22.55077553 30.87997627 Washington 6.129042 100 West Virginia 29.59332 72.96004486 23.89307785 3.146874189 Wisconsin 17.48081 95.26446533 4.735534191 Wyoming 15.82123 100 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q2f Var. label:  Reason for not voting: I was too busy/had a conflicting work, family, or school schedule Question:  How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Percentages: State N Not a factor A minor factor A major factor Alabama 19.80641 79.0039444 9.396870613 11.59918308 Alaska 29.86707 43.65745544 45.92743301 10.41511536 Arizona 11.74506 73.39726257 6.740088463 19.86265182 Arkansas 32.8427 47.05947113 25.50076485 27.43976974 California 22.77685 48.89591599 12.74954033 38.35454559 Colorado 7.840161 43.27856827 32.44011307 24.28131866 Connecticut 16.09265 60.71113968 6.085659504 33.20320511 Delaware 12.01219 66.6605072 33.3394928 District of Columbia 21.17954 63.2348671 23.34273148 13.42240906 Florida 19.83332 87.93567657 12.06432056 Georgia 21.49376 74.74094391 10.71759224 14.54146004 Hawaii 18.99468 34.52658463 51.4488678 14.02454853 Idaho 8.643618 59.30209351 40.69791031 Illinois 17.77191 50.75372696 45.39675522 3.849520922 Indiana 17.7987 74.3787384 25.62125778 Iowa 13.80396 62.1574173 32.08205032 5.76053524 Kansas 17.88051 83.47646332 3.566190243 12.95734215 Kentucky 15.78478 64.61263275 20.11765671 15.26971245 Louisiana 19.29136 60.58778 6.061475754 33.35073853 Maine 11.12123 100 Maryland 12.66016 81.95186615 10.99030972 7.057816982 Massachusetts 12.72295 48.93088531 32.6352005 18.43391609 Michigan 24.31666 76.7518692 11.93906116 11.30906773 Minnesota 9.373977 72.7780838 19.338871 7.883048058 Mississippi 28.50955 76.12512207 13.81804943 10.05682278 Missouri 12.52041 83.92753601 16.0724659 Montana 6.773813 80.35572052 19.6442852 Nebraska 12.8403 69.66983032 6.280652523 24.04951477 Nevada 16.72118 69.15019226 19.27883148 11.5709734 New Hampshire 4.535087 54.13462067 45.86538315 New Jersey 12.10153 69.15520477 30.84479332 13.40896 64.21764374 35.78235245 New Mexico New York 13.52323 58.19298553 19.90058136 21.90642929 North Carolina 24.97054 57.29890442 13.21476173 29.48633194 North Dakota 17.24108 69.74190521 17.54013443 12.71796417 Ohio 14.80531 61.0905304 13.02145958 25.88800621 Oklahoma 23.82001 63.29086304 6.682034969 30.02709198 Oregon 12.27535 40.49444962 41.56384659 17.9417057 Pennsylvania 16.24488 69.35931396 30.64069748 Rhode Island 18.21147 64.03905487 35.96094894 South Carolina 16.63939 78.55125427 5.72269392 15.7260437 South Dakota 12.19957 58.19966125 20.05174065 21.74860191 Tennessee 29.31774 59.47264862 14.00065041 26.5267067 Texas 32.07406 65.05209351 9.918972969 25.02893448 Utah 11.66612 50.73625946 49.26374054 Vermont 21.66571 31.48621559 29.35323334 39.16054916 Virginia 18.60378 47.09228897 33.42512894 19.482584 Washington 6.785041 61.43820572 38.5617981 West Virginia 28.29565 41.44975281 24.43123055 34.11901855 Wisconsin 18.54737 67.90698242 11.50088215 20.59214211 Wyoming 12.69073 84.37969971 15.62030315 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q2g Var. label:  Reason for not voting: Transportation problems Question:  How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Percentages: State N Not a factor A minor factor A major factor Alabama 19.80641 86.0368042 13.96319771 Alaska 29.86707 66.43658447 9.427326202 24.1360817 Arizona 11.74506 90.59313202 9.406868935 Arkansas 32.84271 60.71045303 17.34289169 21.94665146 California 21.48698 48.77203751 23.50492096 27.72304344 Colorado 7.840161 100 Connecticut 17.6213 61.10479736 20.73503685 18.16016769 Delaware 12.01219 100 District of Columbia 20.37127 51.10575867 48.89424515 Florida 19.83332 61.56218719 33.54911804 4.88869524 Georgia 19.83115 65.99752808 13.78862762 20.21384239 Hawaii 18.99468 82.57551575 16.18681145 1.237668037 Idaho 8.643618 81.29311371 18.70689011 Illinois 16.47801 54.3356781 24.53357697 21.13074684 Indiana 17.7987 81.61782074 14.44539833 3.936776161 Iowa 13.71518 60.94971085 4.87298727 34.17730713 Kansas 17.88051 80.81269836 19.18730545 Kentucky 16.54629 76.72612762 16.86935043 6.404519081 Louisiana 19.29135 83.22171783 6.006730556 10.77156067 Maine 11.12123 84.32478333 10.26555634 5.409653664 Maryland 14.95253 83.23087311 16.76913071 Massachusetts 12.72295 65.23269653 16.33338356 18.43391418 Michigan 22.15611 68.12850189 8.715598106 23.15589523 Minnesota 9.373977 80.62886047 9.701702118 9.669435501 Mississippi 28.50955 82.08824158 8.170098305 9.741663933 Missouri 12.52041 89.08272552 4.473738194 6.443534374 Montana 6.773813 80.35572052 19.6442852 Nebraska 11.60755 100 Nevada 15.31552 87.78118896 6.316478252 5.902330875 New Hampshire 4.535087 54.13462067 45.86538315 New Jersey 11.44404 80.96246338 19.03753662 New Mexico 13.40896 56.32773972 22.49226952 21.17999268 New York 12.60894 77.33349609 6.422766685 16.24373817 North Carolina 24.97054 90.83535004 7.10692358 2.05772233 North Dakota 15.62847 93.51467133 1.949795246 4.535543442 Ohio 14.80531 75.09584045 18.17458725 6.729568958 Oklahoma 23.10529 81.73345947 3.139023304 15.12751675 Oregon 13.49493 66.57791901 33.42208099 Pennsylvania 19.63557 73.25450134 22.2015419 4.543949604 Rhode Island 18.21147 83.4437027 16.55630112 South Carolina 16.63939 70.57640076 5.72269392 23.70089531 12.19957 92.55437469 7.44563055 South Dakota Tennessee 29.31774 75.99575043 11.61393833 12.39031887 Texas 31.36393 60.14634323 22.96336365 16.8902874 Utah 11.66612 77.07608795 14.38788223 8.536032677 Vermont 21.66571 61.86455154 2.831584692 35.30386353 Virginia 17.40363 60.82915115 11.0890913 28.08175468 Washington 6.129042 60.65969849 39.34030533 West Virginia 31.07391 60.09241486 28.03767776 11.86990738 Wisconsin 18.54737 89.37401581 10.62599087 Wyoming 16.77201 94.33114624 5.66885376 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q2h Var. label:  Reason for not voting: I didn’t like the candidates or campaign issues Question:  How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Percentages: State N Not a factor A minor factor A major factor Alabama 19.80641 39.90655136 11.82003498 48.27341461 Alaska 30.54722 28.10418892 34.26422119 37.63158417 Arizona 11.74506 55.03627396 44.96372604 Arkansas 32.84271 27.97981644 32.43840408 39.58177567 California 21.08257 19.82899857 14.482584 65.68841553 Colorado 7.840161 40.29343796 59.70656204 Connecticut 17.6213 39.87232971 3.988154888 56.13951492 Delaware 12.01219 31.12675285 6.47465086 62.39860153 District of Columbia 20.37127 37.68299484 34.25616074 28.06084442 Florida 18.16018 39.00700378 9.592630386 51.40036392 Georgia 21.49376 48.79124069 28.18253517 23.02622032 Hawaii 18.35469 59.0833168 40.9166832 Idaho 8.643618 12.90238857 36.13068008 50.9669342 Illinois 16.92079 20.0869503 52.61792374 27.29512596 Indiana 16.82889 38.21455002 8.696364403 53.08908844 Iowa 13.78483 34.20379257 6.909566402 58.88663864 Kansas 16.53683 64.14469147 24.39946175 11.45584869 Kentucky 16.54629 53.51172638 14.58948708 31.89878464 Louisiana 19.29136 45.48871994 15.25723743 39.25403976 Maine 11.12123 28.86441994 15.67521 55.4603653 Maryland 14.09658 52.32533646 6.711921692 40.96274567 Massachusetts 12.72295 37.44963074 6.763651371 55.78671646 Michigan 24.31666 34.65613174 13.13217258 52.21169662 Minnesota 9.373977 40.7055397 6.912993431 52.38146591 Mississippi 28.50955 47.23101044 21.80608559 30.96290016 Missouri 12.52041 62.92865372 5.229083538 31.84226418 Montana 6.773813 37.49900436 42.85671234 19.6442852 Nebraska 11.60755 54.51620865 7.991676331 37.49211502 Nevada 16.72118 55.2061615 13.17158604 31.62225342 New Hampshire 4.535087 40.21773529 31.94849777 27.83376884 New Jersey 12.10153 34.16814041 38.89636993 26.93548965 New Mexico 13.40896 20.3378582 23.68513298 55.97700882 New York 12.60894 29.79438782 8.286002159 61.91961288 23.1959 39.54430771 21.52515221 38.93053818 North Carolina North Dakota 17.24108 49.01319122 23.27139664 27.71540642 Ohio 14.04237 27.10841751 32.92154694 39.97003555 Oklahoma 23.10529 31.37106705 18.92215157 49.70677948 Oregon 13.49493 35.55487442 20.29550743 44.14961624 Pennsylvania 19.63557 50.4245491 24.59777069 24.9776783 Rhode Island 18.21147 24.81864357 56.09724808 19.08410835 South Carolina 16.63939 62.36610794 11.16377544 26.47010803 South Dakota 13.22909 21.54706573 9.651032448 68.80190277 Tennessee 26.95304 42.01198578 14.84187412 43.14614105 Texas 31.36393 31.25141144 13.29378891 55.45479965 Utah 11.66612 29.18535042 35.04677963 35.76787186 Vermont 21.66571 36.77852631 16.44076729 46.7807045 Virginia 16.72298 27.95432281 27.8885994 44.15707397 Washington 6.785041 27.93606377 25.53405952 46.52987671 West Virginia 29.59332 41.0410347 27.28452301 31.67444611 Wisconsin 17.48081 37.68032837 10.42379379 51.89588165 Wyoming 16.77201 30.78133392 11.33770752 57.88095474 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q2i Var. label:  Reason for not voting: There were problems with my registration Question:  How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Percentages: State N Not a factor A minor factor A major factor Alabama 18.62122 81.27311707 3.874965191 14.85191441 Alaska 30.54722 88.38974762 11.61025238 Arizona 11.74506 100 Arkansas 32.8427 85.20371246 5.063682079 9.732615471 California 22.77686 52.99933243 10.59832382 36.40233994 Colorado 7.840161 100 Connecticut 16.63186 78.03141785 21.96858406 Delaware 12.01219 100 District of Columbia 20.37127 75.73110199 24.26889992 Florida 19.83332 66.45088959 24.76572227 8.783398628 Georgia 21.49376 75.9731369 16.29153252 7.735324383 Hawaii 18.6694 99.99999237 Idaho 8.643618 100 Illinois 15.62689 73.77183533 16.9240284 9.304135323 Indiana 17.7987 87.80565643 12.19434357 Iowa 14.58002 87.52050018 7.156795979 5.32270956 Kansas 16.53683 69.17669678 30.82330513 Kentucky 15.78478 100 Louisiana 18.98215 96.9246521 3.075360775 Maine 11.12123 95.13987732 4.860117435 Maryland 14.09658 91.31278992 8.687211037 Massachusetts 12.72295 100 Michigan 23.64524 78.58457184 4.759253502 16.6561718 Minnesota 9.373977 90.33056641 9.669435501 Mississippi 28.50955 70.80033875 10.00837612 19.19128227 Missouri 12.52041 93.25307465 6.746921539 Montana 6.773813 100 Nebraska 10.67991 99.99999237 Nevada 15.75378 76.69429016 23.30571175 New Hampshire 3.903944 83.83319855 16.16679764 New Jersey 12.10153 73.7076416 26.29236031 New Mexico 11.78685 100 New York 12.60894 65.06775665 18.68850327 16.24373817 North Carolina 24.97054 96.50630188 3.493695974 17.24108 75.99383545 9.353294373 14.65287495 North Dakota Ohio 14.80531 87.12050629 6.729568958 6.149919987 Oklahoma 23.10529 92.76937103 7.230633259 Oregon 13.49493 65.16292572 34.83707809 Pennsylvania 19.63557 95.06653595 4.933460712 Rhode Island 18.21147 100 South Carolina 16.63939 100 South Dakota 12.19957 81.55755615 18.44244576 Tennessee 29.31774 94.99390411 5.006094933 Texas 28.52595 74.70401764 9.215064049 16.08091736 Utah 11.66612 100 Vermont 18.36203 100 Virginia 20.01154 57.90740967 25.14679337 16.94579887 Washington 6.129042 100 West Virginia 29.59332 78.09143829 16.90542984 5.003134251 Wisconsin 17.71956 89.30918121 10.69081497 Wyoming 15.82123 100 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q2j Var. label:  Reason for not voting: Bad weather Question:  How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Percentages: State N Not a factor A minor factor A major factor Alabama 19.80641 90.60312653 9.396870613 Alaska 30.54722 74.50311279 23.27031136 2.226574898 Arizona 11.74506 100 Arkansas 32.8427 85.20371246 6.937642574 7.858654976 California 20.36289 65.61670685 28.04885483 6.334443092 Colorado 7.840161 100 Connecticut 16.63186 89.88622284 10.11377525 Delaware 12.01219 100 District of Columbia 20.37127 75.73110199 24.26889992 Florida 19.83332 66.79829407 33.20170593 Georgia 21.49376 91.37949371 8.620504379 Hawaii 18.75959 100.0000076 Idaho 8.643618 100 Illinois 16.92079 91.40733337 8.592668533 Indiana 17.7987 93.25440979 6.745584965 Iowa 14.58002 100 Kansas 16.53683 100.0000076 Kentucky 15.78478 100 Louisiana 19.95591 87.93789673 12.06210423 Maine 11.12123 100 Maryland 14.09658 100 Massachusetts 12.72295 100 Michigan 25.28881 73.17223358 19.80443954 7.023324013 Minnesota 9.373977 90.33056641 9.669435501 Mississippi 28.50955 96.67678833 3.3232162 Missouri 12.52041 100 Montana 6.16909 100 Nebraska 11.60755 86.27544403 13.72455692 Nevada 14.34812 93.86021423 6.139786243 New Hampshire 4.535087 86.08311462 13.91688442 New Jersey 10.3015 93.61749268 6.382509232 New Mexico 13.40896 85.26530457 14.73469353 New York 12.60894 83.75626373 16.24373817 North Carolina 23.1959 100 North Dakota 17.24108 90.64671326 9.353294373 Ohio 14.80531 94.96315002 5.036851406 Oklahoma 23.10529 100 Oregon 13.49493 74.40538788 25.59461021 Pennsylvania 19.63557 95.45604706 4.543949604 Rhode Island 18.21147 100 South Carolina 16.63939 100 12.19957 91.44026947 8.559728622 South Dakota Tennessee 27.85007 95.45304108 4.5469594 Texas 31.36393 70.49121094 5.968379021 23.54040718 Utah 11.66612 100 Vermont 21.66572 73.39424133 11.35731125 15.24843884 Virginia 20.01154 63.90470886 29.58553886 6.50975275 Washington 6.129042 100 West Virginia 29.12144 80.71882629 14.82512188 4.456058025 Wisconsin 18.54737 86.25660706 4.819325447 8.924071312 Wyoming 16.77201 94.33114624 5.66885376 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q2k Var. label:  Reason for not voting: The polling place hours, or location, were inconvenient Question:  How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Percentages: State N Not a factor A minor factor A major factor Alabama 19.80641 100 Alaska 29.8612 65.05852509 10.53194523 24.40953064 Arizona 11.74506 70.73047638 13.12256432 16.1469574 Arkansas 32.06697 73.42011261 11.42564964 15.15423584 California 22.77685 49.19945908 23.30060577 27.49994087 Colorado 7.840161 74.15126801 13.06223583 12.78649712 Connecticut 16.63186 69.46490479 30.53509521 Delaware 12.01219 100 District of Columbia 20.37127 75.73110199 24.26889992 Florida 19.83332 71.33957672 19.7475872 8.912836075 Georgia 21.49376 73.56619263 18.98635292 7.447455406 Hawaii 18.99468 71.63160706 28.36839485 Idaho 8.643618 95.43276978 4.567230225 Illinois 15.62689 66.20309448 24.49277115 9.304135323 Indiana 17.7987 87.73295593 5.521456242 6.745584965 Iowa 14.58002 81.48885345 18.51114655 Kansas 16.53683 94.11518097 5.884825706 Kentucky 15.78478 93.12010193 6.879900932 Louisiana 19.29135 85.10707855 8.352039337 6.54088974 Maine 8.533947 100 Maryland 14.95253 94.27559662 5.724405289 Massachusetts 12.72295 74.14864349 16.33338356 9.517968178 Michigan 24.31666 75.86252594 7.941213131 16.19626617 Minnesota 9.373977 82.4475174 17.5524826 Mississippi 28.50955 80.63643646 16.04034424 3.3232162 Missouri 12.52041 87.20160675 12.79839516 Montana 6.773813 91.07263947 8.927360535 Nebraska 11.60755 78.2837677 13.72455692 7.991676331 Nevada 15.75378 88.66991425 5.591953754 5.73813343 New Hampshire 4.535087 45.86538315 54.13462067 New Jersey 12.10153 61.10363007 15.97040176 22.92596626 New Mexico 13.40896 85.26530457 14.73469353 New York 12.60894 83.75626373 8.286002159 7.957736015 24.97054 92.89307404 7.10692358 North Carolina North Dakota 17.24108 82.45986176 17.54013252 Ohio 14.80531 81.96738434 11.30304718 6.729569435 Oklahoma 23.10529 92.76937103 3.139023542 4.091609955 Oregon 13.49493 55.92045593 34.83707809 9.24246788 Pennsylvania 16.24488 82.33584595 11.45556641 6.208580494 Rhode Island 18.21147 71.6525116 13.48678684 14.86070061 South Carolina 16.63939 94.2773056 5.722694397 South Dakota 12.19957 86.81112671 13.18887329 Tennessee 29.31774 86.35523987 13.64476395 Texas 30.32671 67.31446838 16.6112957 16.07423782 Utah 11.66612 81.50041199 14.38788223 4.111710072 Vermont 21.66571 67.30344391 20.83286285 11.86369514 Virginia 18.8899 67.69923401 6.896287918 25.40447617 Washington 6.129042 68.01400757 31.98598862 West Virginia 29.59332 72.96004486 24.43730545 2.602647066 Wisconsin 17.48081 77.36398315 17.90047646 4.735533714 Wyoming 16.77201 85.35476685 14.64523411 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q2l Var. label:  Reason for not voting: The line at the polls was too long Question:  How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Percentages: State N Not a factor A minor factor A major factor Alabama 19.80641 86.0368042 13.96319771 Alaska 29.8612 82.44178772 0.719273865 16.83893776 Arizona 11.74506 67.56957245 32.43042755 Arkansas 31.96419 81.22100067 9.181212425 9.597784042 California 21.91136 51.14282227 37.08359909 11.77357769 Colorado 7.840161 70.7855072 29.21449089 Connecticut 16.63186 82.81707764 17.18292427 Delaware 12.01219 87.55973816 12.44026566 District of Columbia 20.37127 75.73110199 24.26889992 Florida 18.86373 68.82135773 20.76260757 10.41603661 Georgia 21.49376 90.76107025 4.475528717 4.763397694 Hawaii 18.99468 96.91607666 3.08392334 Idaho 7.026666 82.48876953 11.89300919 5.618225574 Illinois 17.77191 59.93867874 26.95104027 13.11028004 Indiana 17.7987 82.35689545 5.448758602 12.19434357 Iowa 13.91168 94.42158508 5.578420639 Kansas 16.53683 100.0000076 Kentucky 16.54629 100 Louisiana 19.29135 86.32022095 3.026069641 10.65371704 Maine 7.932327 100 Maryland 14.95253 74.67603302 19.59956169 5.724405289 Massachusetts 12.72295 83.69818878 16.30181503 Michigan 24.31666 75.86962891 16.82625961 7.304105759 Minnesota 9.373977 82.4475174 17.5524826 Mississippi 26.13728 83.03440857 7.291919708 9.673671722 Missouri 12.52041 83.92753601 9.717605591 6.354861259 Montana 6.773813 82.14527893 17.85472107 Nebraska 10.67991 92.63449097 7.36550808 Nevada 14.84981 60.08179092 25.95456314 13.96364498 New Hampshire 3.903944 46.71965408 37.11354446 16.16679764 New Jersey 12.10153 71.6408844 20.30754089 8.051574707 New Mexico 13.40896 100 New York 12.60894 77.33349609 6.422766685 16.24373817 23.1959 97.18230438 2.817690849 North Carolina North Dakota 17.24108 73.10657501 17.54013443 9.353294373 Ohio 13.89479 80.64823914 19.35176086 Oklahoma 23.10529 84.59738159 8.894396782 6.508217335 Oregon 13.49493 66.81492615 14.90525436 18.27981567 Pennsylvania 19.63557 73.71130371 21.81203079 4.47666502 Rhode Island 15.62302 76.62565613 14.7129221 8.661420822 South Carolina 16.63939 100 South Dakota 12.19957 91.44026947 8.559728622 Tennessee 24.83933 85.65369415 3.009378195 11.33693123 Texas 31.36393 69.89198303 15.71250153 14.39550781 Utah 11.66612 52.30548096 8.536032677 39.15848923 Vermont 15.90139 96.14195251 3.858047247 Virginia 20.01154 53.07294083 28.54807663 18.37898636 Washington 6.129042 60.65969849 39.34030533 West Virginia 29.59332 67.2718811 29.58124352 3.146874189 Wisconsin 16.41426 89.29767609 10.70232201 Wyoming 15.26649 100 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q2m Var. label:  I did not know where to vote Question:  How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Percentages: State N Not a factor A minor factor A major factor Alabama 19.80641 90.60312653 9.396870613 Alaska 25.51891 93.80474091 2.665304661 3.529955149 Arizona 11.74506 90.59313202 9.406868935 Arkansas 32.8427 86.91550446 5.34986639 7.73463583 California 20.62148 63.08768082 30.65731621 6.255008221 Colorado 7.840161 87.21350098 12.78649712 Connecticut 16.63186 78.03141785 11.85480785 10.11377525 Delaware 12.01219 100 District of Columbia 20.37127 75.73110199 24.26889992 Florida 19.83332 90.09317017 9.906827927 Georgia 21.49376 83.31361389 7.735324383 8.951057434 Hawaii 18.99468 98.76234436 1.237668157 Idaho 8.643618 90.33180237 9.668196678 Illinois 16.47801 69.96138763 30.03861809 Indiana 17.7987 88.09894562 6.745584965 5.155467987 Iowa 14.58002 84.16172028 10.5155735 5.322709084 Kansas 16.53683 100.0000076 Kentucky 16.54629 91.99630737 8.003687859 Louisiana 18.70758 96.16062927 3.839373112 Maine 11.12123 71.87550354 23.26437759 4.860117435 Maryland 12.66016 100 Massachusetts 12.72295 90.48202515 9.517968178 Michigan 24.31666 83.1737442 13.51289082 3.313370228 Minnesota 9.373977 90.33056641 9.669435501 Mississippi 27.56212 88.85956573 6.474043369 4.666386127 Missouri 12.52041 82.63919067 6.443534374 10.91727257 Montana 6.16909 100 Nebraska 11.60755 69.24809265 22.76023293 7.991676331 Nevada 15.75378 76.97442627 8.242287636 14.78328419 New Hampshire 4.535087 86.08311462 13.91688442 New Jersey 11.44404 88.85735321 11.14264965 New Mexico 13.40896 100 New York 11.56416 83.73112488 7.592193127 8.676686287 North Carolina 24.97054 66.46355438 7.10692358 26.42952347 North Dakota 17.24108 90.64671326 9.353294373 Ohio 14.80531 80.82862091 19.17137909 Oklahoma 23.10529 83.85198212 13.35089016 2.797122717 Oregon 12.27535 91.39485168 8.605149269 Pennsylvania 19.63557 95.06653595 4.933460712 Rhode Island 18.21147 89.5001297 10.49986267 16.63939 86.53969574 8.567735672 4.892572403 South Carolina South Dakota 12.19957 83.79127502 3.019849777 13.18887234 Tennessee 29.31774 91.36133575 4.319334507 4.319334507 Texas 29.56317 73.13770294 12.35302162 14.50927353 Utah 11.66612 87.87713623 12.12286377 Vermont 21.66571 84.7515564 15.24844074 Virginia 18.81139 61.60185623 14.40864563 23.98949814 Washington 6.129042 82.43611908 17.5638752 West Virginia 29.59332 60.97396469 39.02603149 Wisconsin 18.54737 94.24956512 5.750441074 Wyoming 15.82123 93.47996521 6.520030022 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q2n Var. label:  I did not receive my ballot in the mail, or it arrived too late for me to vote. Question:  How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Percentages: State N Not a factor A minor factor A major factor Alabama 19.80641 90.60312653 9.396870613 Alaska 30.54722 88.38974762 5.17547226 6.434780598 Arizona 11.74506 83.8530426 16.1469574 Arkansas 31.96419 85.85533905 6.961697578 7.182957172 California 22.81389 55.25232697 13.47550392 31.27217484 Colorado 7.840161 83.98787689 16.01211929 Connecticut 16.63186 57.61009598 36.50154114 5.888361454 Delaware 12.01219 100 District of Columbia 20.37127 100 Florida 19.83332 70.76980591 9.906827927 19.32336807 Georgia 21.49376 86.6160965 13.38390255 Hawaii 18.99468 93.86023712 3.399930954 2.739827156 Idaho 8.643618 81.29311371 18.70689011 Illinois 16.92079 57.09754181 42.90245438 Indiana 16.82889 95.83635712 4.16364336 Iowa 14.58002 80.8478775 19.15211868 Kansas 16.53683 62.35366821 37.6463356 Kentucky 16.54629 89.69391632 10.30608368 Louisiana 18.22506 90.4387207 6.358166218 3.203115702 Maine 11.12123 71.87550354 23.26437759 4.860117435 Maryland 14.09658 100 Massachusetts 12.72295 90.48202515 9.517968178 Michigan 24.31666 76.77490997 16.82625961 6.398822308 Minnesota 9.373977 80.62886047 19.37113762 Mississippi 26.72517 90.53912354 5.915773392 3.545100212 Missouri 11.71365 93.11267853 6.887321472 Montana 6.16909 100 Nebraska 10.67991 92.63449097 7.36550808 Nevada 15.75378 76.97442627 23.02557182 New Hampshire 4.535087 86.08311462 13.91688442 New Jersey 12.10153 69.15520477 20.30754089 10.53725243 New Mexico 13.40896 87.902771 12.09722042 New York 12.60894 71.73926544 28.26073647 North Carolina 24.97054 85.78614807 7.10692358 7.10692358 North Dakota 17.24108 88.87928772 1.76742506 9.353294373 Ohio 14.80531 88.67126465 5.036851406 6.291891098 Oklahoma 23.10529 93.87974548 6.120257854 Oregon 13.49493 73.89271545 9.24246788 16.86482048 Pennsylvania 19.63557 95.45604706 4.543949604 Rhode Island 18.21147 100 South Carolina 16.63939 92.84169006 7.158309937 South Dakota 12.19957 86.81112671 13.18887329 Tennessee 28.48062 95.55371094 4.446291447 Texas 30.74113 66.30014038 6.08929491 27.61056328 Utah 11.66612 68.8103714 31.18961716 Vermont 18.36203 100 Virginia 18.81139 72.70371246 12.88764 14.40864563 Washington 6.129042 81.61251831 18.3874855 West Virginia 29.59332 79.94769287 20.05230331 Wisconsin 18.54737 85.32311249 4.463219643 10.21366024 Wyoming 16.77201 90.01432037 9.985681534 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q3 Var. label:  First time voting Question:  Was this your first time voting, or have you voted in elections before? Percentages: State N I am a first time voter I have voted in elections before Alabama 182.926 10.7971983 89.20280457 Alaska 171.4184 6.943374634 93.05662537 Arizona 188.8477 7.261800766 92.73819733 Arkansas 173.6319 11.63300419 88.36699677 California 176.294 7.757450581 92.24254608 Colorado 192.1598 5.553828716 94.44617462 Connecticut 182.3787 4.714483261 95.28552246 Delaware 187.9878 5.142559052 94.85743713 District of Columbia 178.8204 3.776921511 96.2230835 Florida 182.2092 3.427578688 96.57241821 Georgia 176.0324 8.313224792 91.68677521 Hawaii 186.0583 6.098544121 93.90145111 Idaho 191.8723 3.907498837 96.09250641 Illinois 182.1186 6.836232185 93.16376495 Indiana 184.1409 10.49207973 89.50791931 Iowa 187.4506 4.385379791 95.61461639 Kansas 185.6073 12.47679806 87.52320099 Kentucky 180.4144 8.070250511 91.92974854 Louisiana 180.6191 6.444071293 93.55593109 Maine 188.3919 5.543666363 94.45632935 Maryland 182.7566 5.960769653 94.03923035 Massachusetts 185.5197 6.815843582 93.18415833 Michigan 176.4336 5.528605461 94.47138977 Minnesota 189.8985 8.484972954 91.51502228 Mississippi 175.7711 5.721345901 94.27864838 Missouri 187.4796 6.321886539 93.67811584 Montana 193.2262 5.335698605 94.66430664 Nebraska 187.1597 8.779132843 91.22086334 Nevada 184.6845 8.583264351 91.41673279 New Hampshire 195.4649 4.262284279 95.73770905 New Jersey 188.9374 6.882400513 93.11759949 New Mexico 186.591 7.980774879 92.01922607 New York 185.4104 11.78596115 88.21403503 North Carolina 175.9034 6.817632198 93.18237305 North Dakota 182.5787 4.080254555 95.9197464 Ohio 187.0168 4.232575893 95.76742554 Oklahoma 177.8303 7.89359808 92.10639954 Oregon 187.8188 5.157486916 94.84251404 Pennsylvania 179.1288 6.876719952 93.12328339 Rhode Island 182.3475 3.800388336 96.19961548 South Carolina 183.3606 4.618545055 95.38145447 South Dakota 186.7709 7.926105976 92.07389832 Tennessee 171.7271 9.252961159 90.74703217 Texas 170.4375 6.881000519 93.11899567 Utah 188.8136 4.70654583 95.29345703 Vermont 178.3343 10.22026348 89.77973175 Virginia 184.8628 5.36910677 94.63088989 Washington 190.7053 6.865375042 93.1346283 West Virginia 168.7528 6.481009007 93.51898956 Wisconsin 182.4777 8.718978882 91.28102112 Wyoming 183.228 5.367296696 94.63270569 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q4 Var. label:  Mode of voting Question:  How did you vote this election? Percentages: State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 182.0548 169.4528 187.3064 173.6319 175.4918 192.1598 182.3787 187.9878 178.8204 179.6045 177.1099 180.7305 191.3564 183.7634 183.1711 187.4506 185.6073 182.1855 180.6191 187.697 181.3202 187.2771 176.4336 189.8985 175.771 187.4796 193.2262 187.1597 184.6845 195.4649 188.9374 186.591 185.4104 175.0295 182.7589 186.1063 176.9053 186.5715 179.1288 182.3475 182.8568 186.7709 170.6823 169.6807 188.8136 178.3343 182.5939 191.7221 168.7528 180.9247 183.228 In person  on  Election  Day (at  polling  place or  precinct) 92.25961 62.12092 32.87816 31.70621 43.3685 7.882323 94.30875 92.13642 59.20659 25.78723 41.66579 32.40872 72.05962 55.11828 67.067 44.89619 45.18325 90.76633 71.20422 67.66414 56.87995 54.49291 69.16578 71.0951 91.93201 88.1232 30.63725 57.82928 30.22585 90.38094 76.84533 30.38708 93.25391 34.76544 50.06559 43.59334 80.03743 3.850678 94.35506 87.77645 72.07879 63.91478 31.14506 20.14128 22.9402 64.80434 80.92987 7.501546 60.27262 57.68929 65.69929 In person  before  Voted by mail or  Election  absentee ballot  Day my mail 4.943004 2.797386646 24.87544 13.00364685 3.90189 63.21994781 65.33569 2.95810318 3.157702 53.47380447 13.8028 78.31487274 3.08758 2.603657722 3.74948 4.114097118 29.94988 10.84352493 34.51661 39.69616318 49.22572 9.108493805 11.59154 55.9997406 17.23944 10.70093727 33.58538 11.29633236 28.07796 4.855041027 21.88242 33.22138214 33.35224 21.46452141 4.721286 4.512385845 24.57888 4.216900349 13.85911 18.47675133 36.27393 6.846122265 38.67976 6.827328682 0.960277 29.87393951 16.49501 12.40989494 5.979341 2.088656425 6.237207 5.639591217 6.480399 62.88234329 10.83046 31.34026146 58.42442 11.34972 3.655605 5.963459015 4.736457 18.41821671 58.20295 11.40997791 0.706259 6.039823532 58.26532 6.969232559 25.20568 24.72872353 21.1667 35.23995209 10.46926 9.493301392 3.761498 92.38782501 0.983189 4.661757946 3.835799 8.387748718 16.40822 11.51298809 28.39662 7.688594818 65.19609 3.658848763 66.8232 13.03551674 14.48101 62.57878494 22.6299 12.56576443 10.86797 8.20216465 1.108131 91.39031982 32.53621 7.191174507 33.27397 9.036746979 19.30172 14.99898624 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q5 Var. label:  Difficulty finding polling place Question:  How difficult was it to find your polling place to vote? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Percentages: Very difficult Somewhat difficult Fairly easy 176.962 0.492336035 3.914779902 10.6439209 147.4177 1.899948955 13.4365139 70.64576 6.032296658 18.66309929 168.4956 0.908127606 1.776559472 8.423847198 81.64967 1.579768181 2.367443323 14.33756542 41.6701 14.66188717 177.6302 0.416199118 1.566660404 5.083958149 180.2538 6.895018101 159.43 1.751135468 0.362217396 12.7522316 108.4981 0.977079749 2.430522442 12.69697094 158.8155 1.266637444 12.9121542 79.52187 4.387388229 13.66650772 170.8795 3.440889835 11.15801907 163.0048 1.60124433 0.471617907 10.01042652 174.2781 1.612581849 12.124897 125.1769 1.354236484 0.381700516 7.147110462 145.7676 1.860990882 9.198591232 173.9646 2.359120369 2.227550507 9.064559937 171.0479 0.705464423 10.0133276 153.0167 1.33338201 3.663411617 168.9068 0.65550375 2.034035444 7.829371929 174.491 0.708435535 8.82300663 123.7259 5.463577747 166.3323 0.548743963 0.968362331 8.976151466 172.0998 1.101028681 0.650681496 12.5555706 176.9065 0.456035763 2.809815168 7.706415653 69.93839 0.668218315 19.68920326 128.5034 4.850966454 9.737622261 163.7233 0.60432291 3.456511497 9.79213047 183.8084 5.291128159 153.3296 0.692596495 1.895227551 11.48718452 165.301 0.927666008 9.98631382 174.2119 2.209290743 8.234692574 162.8313 0.700973153 0.805934608 11.66273499 139.3193 0.362060606 19.25681496 118.7245 0.857314825 11.52988911 160.1111 0.803976953 4.717982292 9.700730324 15.01615 26.25220871 169.5283 0.999233961 6.385548592 167.0527 3.178795338 7.951135159 161.8045 1.899657845 5.992363453 172.4109 2.902400494 1.05650723 5.726410866 164.4373 3.744040251 9.702014923 147.562 0.453199983 1.642398715 16.55601883 70.65633 4.168148994 27.34080696 155.9252 0.393446982 4.836414814 166.6281 0.593605459 2.407629251 5.786345482 17.44998 5.808344841 24.55296326 156.6175 1.070353031 4.866484165 164.575 1.351884007 8.771645546 153.6807 0.970829189 18.38892555 N Very easy 84.94895935 84.66353607 75.30460358 88.89147186 81.71521759 85.33811188 92.93318176 93.10498047 85.1344223 83.89543152 85.82120514 81.94610596 85.40109253 87.91671753 86.26251984 91.11695099 88.94042206 86.34877014 89.28121185 95.00320435 89.48108673 90.46855927 94.53642273 89.50674438 85.69271851 89.02773285 79.64257813 85.41140747 86.14703369 94.70886993 85.92499542 89.08602142 89.55602264 86.83035278 80.38111877 87.6128006 84.77731323 73.7477951 92.61521912 88.87006378 92.10797882 90.31467438 86.55393982 81.34838104 68.49104309 94.7701416 91.2124176 69.63868713 94.06316376 89.87647247 80.64024353 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q6 Var. label:  Polling place type Question:  How would you describe the place where you voted? Percentages: State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 175.83 147.4177 70.08256 165.2599 81.64967 41.6701 175.6257 179.2365 159.43 107.8287 159.5699 79.52187 170.2091 160.2894 173.2421 125.1769 144.0138 172.1935 169.0853 151.8167 168.9068 174.491 123.726 164.3099 170.5078 176.3464 72.12006 127.7918 160.6128 182.3596 152.6667 164.4527 173.0073 161.9206 139.3193 117.7454 159.1172 15.01615 170.7782 164.3217 160.9904 171.5025 159.5145 145.0482 70.65632 153.5379 166.469 17.44998 156.6175 164.575 153.6233 Private business School building 1.276002526 11.11974621 1.04259932 22.01661682 5.343152523 24.34796906 3.528095007 3.515370846 4.851753235 20.41116714 7.655203342 65.84065247 49.13566971 31.2549057 1.100867152 4.514982224 13.87390137 60.57184601 1.228381395 25.74796295 1.462410331 18.20040703 2.779155254 13.75674438 6.110017776 3.590759754 4.878918648 1.545997381 41.12539673 0.355585575 44.01993561 22.11986732 46.21416092 2.553783894 26.71572876 0.70156914 33.0212326 0.781856894 14.15929222 2.879385948 12.96274948 1.000513911 19.17261505 6.178508282 21.54345322 6.023803234 14.86783695 2.287828684 20.61780548 54.17671967 1.018208981 39.52922058 5.5382061 20.59519005 45.24649429 6.157613277 8.000222206 6.820026398 0.755956709 12.95744133 0.399043381 8.910755157 9.859727859 2.079703093 16.42809677 0.710805595 58.73284149 29.55242157 2.539398193 8.681899071 2.320745707 11.79714012 1.899054646 19.63083649 27.06437874 27.47559166 49.99324036 12.6430521 1.851288676 36.09320068 1.497393489 10.2502737 15.83057022 Church 32.90608978 16.50868225 28.39135933 16.81452942 24.3583622 11.23471832 3.621819496 8.57856369 17.46740723 19.29333496 12.59931946 4.066361904 27.49443054 14.66815662 24.63046074 24.68074799 30.49909019 20.98144913 2.921835661 3.405245066 3.901615381 8.505010605 19.84845161 30.71060562 17.28594398 35.84386826 5.816383362 28.39307976 5.624894619 5.095760345 5.437349796 3.167564869 11.47680378 17.10425568 17.85775948 29.94852257 54.45255661 24.76011086 6.347207546 25.0494957 19.61354256 16.17827225 9.793427467 2.375594854 1.61488533 10.93173981 5.271031857 7.795306683 5.670702934 9.770046234 Police/Fire  A store or  Station shopping mall Senior center 8.154288292 3.222767353 3.267767429 4.991233826 5.266005516 4.329023361 3.282858849 7.344845772 0.815520465 3.382017612 2.982091188 5.813662529 1.609593153 8.532217026 6.56738615 3.838698626 21.12708282 0.800829709 4.686169147 0.195742279 3.971497774 3.278178215 2.055238485 2.207238436 1.029443145 2.192643166 3.151515245 2.816448212 8.81204319 1.291344166 0.557385147 8.838659286 10.06274033 9.259764671 6.46119833 2.440247536 7.474483967 3.250386477 7.677334309 2.827195644 3.279135704 0.553749263 1.406455994 1.466242194 9.723630905 1.404828072 13.96426296 11.28678799 1.589039445 2.45537138 1.674313545 0.964663327 0.69399941 1.0553689 0.737742782 0.792143404 32.36478806 0.794524968 25.26920319 2.015875816 3.000469446 0.624712527 0.667068362 0.399043381 18.74405098 4.840558529 9.089639664 5.260823727 1.991755366 2.834486961 2.409941435 3.8855474 4.88708353 3.502962828 4.300474167 4.661100388 0.451232672 0.499593437 3.75933218 9.945734024 1.792554855 0.782549322 3.982942343 2.349377155 3.25252676 2.716138601 2.271134138 5.938438892 2.04419136 3.187967062 2.340085745 1.625330687 5.162994862 7.362218857 0.905162334 2.614168882 1.670018554 2.831694126 8.737864494 3.819618225 3.184613943 6.314432144 8.621483803 2.694488287 5.201763153 4.697631359 2.853103638 2.33483386 1.911094069 5.022519112 6.130193233 0.988074958 0.264145732 2.577896118 2.062850952 4.611991405 1.958852172 2.250937462 Community  center 21.95394707 16.09412575 16.56620789 15.17971039 25.21228218 18.42466545 7.785367012 4.538158417 31.21001053 15.55876827 21.74914742 9.383419037 9.48261261 13.31951237 10.46786213 16.757864 25.83831978 8.7784729 8.91044426 20.20168686 26.56348038 6.596795559 11.13433266 12.99145222 34.76800156 20.53811646 22.49030304 19.22658348 10.81303787 13.55062389 18.92541885 9.597653389 8.256746292 26.98285103 23.81747055 11.12521076 13.71155071 Library 5.437383175 1.241730213 6.659801483 6.928012848 0.863884211 8.506642342 2.36455965 0.950205088 4.956397533 32.47868729 7.742273808 1.09104526 4.105168343 8.153269768 2.784208536 8.628694534 0.514522552 2.797702789 5.107504368 3.648912668 2.416382551 0.907412171 2.29724884 2.013459682 1.810726643 2.199840546 5.315649509 10.71410179 3.087964296 6.103034973 0.462999046 13.97019958 0.773298502 1.691114187 2.444782019 38.92963791 1.909436941 2.484525681 0.999716163 0.640412629 8.073198318 10.03149414 6.400598049 2.410299301 2.008511066 14.87289619 10.03317738 8.737108231 17.28337288 21.35978508 17.89914131 19.26278496 14.48868561 15.09567738 16.14184952 20.61963463 12.80152607 2.607683182 19.38490677 3.933546543 1.903877258 28.24851036 2.230111599 Other government  office (court house,  municipal building,  city hall, etc.) 10.1820488 24.49661064 9.755644798 36.97994614 3.677415371 40.29660797 9.515446663 5.075219154 9.971247673 15.18205738 35.78134918 24.33722687 20.48764992 26.5950985 25.03797722 32.79674149 25.78861618 6.943995953 19.00451279 38.30431747 5.443817139 40.34654999 19.69595337 28.1942482 14.51447105 10.42646503 15.33734798 13.56846619 9.182418823 17.7302494 10.52571201 20.53844261 9.992967606 11.80315781 27.40963554 26.07876968 8.985218048 35.75129318 16.20219803 4.974740505 13.53916454 39.26735306 24.50047112 22.1532917 38.76472092 40.46980667 10.80100536 27.61294937 30.90207291 47.8290062 33.88685989 Other 5.747727871 5.074638844 1.323979378 5.511950016 11.82937908 3.74034977 0.466065168 5.108103275 0.972794712 6.537884235 2.824685335 0.550103664 3.460715055 9.613184929 7.786102295 3.796152353 6.288197994 5.800360203 6.312692642 5.083781242 2.603829861 2.369283438 6.311397076 3.945371151 5.490890503 4.756659985 14.41716099 8.231218338 3.804049492 0.871441007 3.13101244 5.091391563 5.397963047 5.981624603 12.46847725 11.44060707 8.161242485 15.45934296 4.321117401 7.04202652 3.498118401 2.372638226 10.90204048 2.386043787 2.091546059 7.089343548 2.203071833 11.49453735 3.906745434 4.165390491 7.678797722 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q6_t Var. label:  Polling place type (open‐ended) Question:  Polling place type (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q7 Var. label:  Personally knew person who checked you in Question:  Did you personally know the person who checked you in when you arrived to vote? Percentages: State N Yes No Alabama 174.2518 16.50006 83.49994 Alaska 147.4177 24.29885 75.70115 Arizona 69.70821 8.622014 91.37798 Arkansas 166.5778 13.83066 86.16934 California 81.64967 11.91443 88.08557 Colorado 41.6701 5.887608 94.11239 Connecticut 176.7592 10.82082 89.17918 Delaware 178.0875 7.424973 92.57503 District of Columbia 154.811 7.379692 92.62031 Florida 109.4677 5.125639 94.87437 Georgia 157.7244 4.940157 95.05984 Hawaii 78.8319 10.25064 89.74936 Idaho 169.1589 12.17293 87.82706 Illinois 160.1447 16.50569 83.49431 Indiana 173.2421 9.368767 90.63123 Iowa 123.9444 17.7491 82.2509 Kansas 145.1753 11.16973 88.83028 Kentucky 172.083 16.54586 83.45414 Louisiana 171.7959 16.52238 83.47762 Maine 150.3347 24.95533 75.04467 Maryland 168.0302 8.14822 91.85178 Massachusetts 173.9102 10.09106 89.90894 Michigan 122.0931 13.31356 86.68645 Minnesota 164.6061 11.08206 88.91795 Mississippi 171.48 23.01051 76.98949 Missouri 174.7507 10.20595 89.79405 Montana 72.12006 22.45385 77.54614 Nebraska 127.9072 13.80502 86.19498 Nevada 160.9759 5.550836 94.44917 New Hampshire 183.3049 15.00942 84.99058 New Jersey 151.1115 13.47287 86.52714 New Mexico 165.301 9.728125 90.27188 New York 173.4368 13.71691 86.28309 North Carolina 161.7053 5.165339 94.83466 North Dakota 136.7609 16.8569 83.1431 Ohio 119.5047 7.5579 92.4421 Oklahoma 158.9756 13.91569 86.0843 Oregon 15.01615 100 Pennsylvania 166.4515 27.01737 72.98264 Rhode Island 164.4614 11.69552 88.30448 South Carolina 161.8045 9.006503 90.99349 South Dakota 172.4108 25.45417 74.54583 Tennessee 161.0912 9.759844 90.24016 Texas 146.5248 3.701117 96.29888 Utah 70.65633 16.09634 83.90366 Vermont 155.2009 33.89022 66.10978 Virginia 167.6172 8.602192 91.3978 Washington 17.44998 42.54525 57.45475 West Virginia 155.6862 19.43003 80.56996 Wisconsin 163.1946 16.44806 83.55195 Wyoming 153.3941 13.80291 86.1971 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q8 Var. label:  How well the polling place was run Question:  How well were things run at the polling place where you voted? Percentages: State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 176.962 147.4177 69.29092 166.6194 79.14626 41.6701 176.8918 177.4073 156.6382 107.3388 159.5699 79.52187 170.8795 160.2894 174.2781 123.2949 145.0677 172.4415 165.5871 153.0167 168.9068 172.7337 122.9202 166.3323 165.2581 172.4 71.72103 128.5034 163.7233 180.8989 151.4291 165.3011 173.6577 162.8313 139.3193 117.7708 159.3858 14.20215 169.5283 165.557 160.4516 172.4108 163.1709 146.4653 70.65633 155.9252 166.6281 15.29421 156.0053 163.7471 155.7456 Terrible ‐ I saw some major  Okay ‐ I saw some minor  Not well ‐ I saw some minor  problems that affected the ability  problems that affected the ability  Very well ‐ I did not see any  problems, but nothing that  of a few people to vote problems at the polling place of many people to vote interfered with people voting 75.22108459 21.91412163 0.955849886 1.908938169 96.58823395 2.45724988 0.954511762 78.10092926 18.6456356 3.253437996 86.2769928 9.87048912 3.852518082 71.56241608 22.47328186 3.386729956 2.577560902 85.88693237 11.24805069 2.865020275 81.07765961 18.13678169 0.785554409 83.37935638 14.93627357 1.684378982 76.3419342 20.83463097 1.041084886 1.782346725 88.98442078 10.69318485 0.322388709 86.98205566 10.74210262 1.379035592 0.896807194 72.68849945 20.35196877 6.959536552 88.13619232 9.441494942 2.04590416 0.376412034 83.60713959 15.01254654 1.38032186 83.63950348 14.47872353 1.881772637 81.45469666 18.15777397 0.387526959 87.74651337 10.37752724 1.875964761 89.43689728 8.046589851 2.516515017 89.95653534 9.184335709 0.859129786 91.97915649 8.020855904 78.02082825 17.52768326 1.536784649 2.914712667 84.17527008 14.12380314 1.700920343 77.27023315 20.38711739 2.342651844 83.96395874 13.67451477 1.917263031 0.444264382 90.46775055 7.37912178 1.076099992 1.077026367 78.75150299 19.03806305 1.595834732 0.614589989 83.75737 16.24262238 80.62399292 15.48436069 3.891649246 86.97033691 12.05095768 0.978711188 89.07290649 10.57820129 0.34889251 85.74481964 11.89893055 1.922457099 0.433781534 88.40432739 9.389472961 2.206195116 63.93727112 30.95681 3.92106843 1.184852362 85.90274048 11.69488239 1.803393364 0.598984361 90.65505219 9.070609093 0.274340481 78.70265961 18.87865829 1.736369371 0.682320893 85.48910522 13.15113258 0.552118957 0.807635307 91.68569183 8.314311028 78.69468689 18.91731453 1.851993442 0.535998523 76.98987579 21.72309875 0.949379444 0.33765018 83.20140839 15.39491653 1.403673053 84.8511734 10.10179234 5.047037601 84.89728546 11.88954544 2.313703537 0.899470329 84.41453552 13.18936729 2.396095753 65.1845932 25.21191406 5.721709728 3.881780863 90.94958496 9.050411224 93.76706696 4.479008198 0.782890141 0.971033931 68.17095184 31.82905197 85.45274353 12.29465389 2.252613306 86.34749603 13.65251064 84.51589966 13.91043854 1.573667169 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q9 Var. label:  Problem with voter registration Question:  Was there a problem with your voter registration when you tried to vote? Percentages: State N Yes No Alabama 176.1004 2.286391 97.71361 Alaska 147.4177 0.50804 99.49196 Arizona 69.85413 1.017445 98.98255 Arkansas 167.5321 0.544799 99.4552 California 81.64967 5.64309 94.35691 Colorado 41.6701 2.86502 97.13498 Connecticut 174.8457 3.869821 96.13018 Delaware 179.4906 0.488469 99.51153 District of Columbia 156.6382 3.768033 96.23196 Florida 107.3388 100 Georgia 159.9004 2.587081 97.41293 Hawaii 76.50143 0.582038 99.41797 Idaho 170.8795 3.284534 96.71547 Illinois 160.1812 2.134519 97.86549 Indiana 174.2781 0.556472 99.44353 Iowa 122.2324 7.25953 92.74047 Kansas 144.9984 4.89598 95.10402 Kentucky 173.9646 1.23786 98.76214 Louisiana 168.9932 2.843073 97.15692 Maine 153.0167 2.027432 97.97256 Maryland 168.9068 4.78811 95.21189 Massachusetts 174.491 2.958815 97.04118 Michigan 123.7259 2.416067 97.58393 Minnesota 166.3323 3.165252 96.83475 Mississippi 169.8662 2.963774 97.03622 Missouri 176.9065 0.726841 99.27316 Montana 71.72102 4.3979 95.6021 Nebraska 128.5034 1.676745 98.32326 Nevada 162.7339 4.473028 95.52697 New Hampshire 183.1773 1.861702 98.13831 New Jersey 153.3296 100 New Mexico 165.301 0.27403 99.72598 New York 173.6577 3.59182 96.40818 North Carolina 162.4625 1.923517 98.07648 North Dakota 139.3193 2.595045 97.40495 Ohio 118.7652 2.350418 97.64958 Oklahoma 160.1111 2.230932 97.76907 Oregon 14.20215 100 Pennsylvania 170.7782 1.062421 98.93758 Rhode Island 166.4348 0.742193 99.2578 South Carolina 160.9904 0.574476 99.42553 South Dakota 171.3925 0.395695 99.60431 Tennessee 164.4373 1.532952 98.46705 Texas 143.3372 1.59328 98.40672 Utah 70.65633 4.614684 95.38531 Vermont 154.4199 1.372083 98.62791 Virginia 167.6172 1.542483 98.45751 Washington 16.50665 6.4366 93.56341 West Virginia 155.6862 4.669575 95.33042 Wisconsin 163.7472 1.441254 98.55875 Wyoming 155.7457 1.453795 98.5462 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q9_t Var. label:  Problem with voter registration (open‐ended) Question:  Problem with voter registration (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q10 Var. label:  Voting Time of day Question:  What time was it when you went to vote, that is, when you first arrived at the polling place and got in line? Percentages: State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 174.9491 146.1698 69.85413 162.6618 77.79962 39.96995 174.8347 178.2951 156.3728 107.1492 158.536 79.52187 168.9119 159.2769 171.8649 123.8139 140.7674 170.2622 165.0604 149.6277 168.9068 173.5357 123.726 166.3323 169.8767 175.9517 71.72103 128.5034 158.0695 183.8084 152.4731 163.7618 173.1535 158.3343 138.6104 119.7596 158.2132 14.20215 169.8712 165.557 161.8045 171.5465 158.7872 145.1871 70.65633 155.9252 160.5623 15.29421 155.6862 161.2976 154.1516 Before 5:00  5:00 am ‐  am 5:59 am 1.6403 0.5699915 0.5707447 2.4316998 6:00 am ‐  6:59 am 3.5041976 2.1028602 5.3004413 2.2897398 0.4501788 3.3342786 2.2074547 3.040453 7.8591647 1.1544279 2.5321004 2.068712 0.9893798 0.4895217 3.4445815 2.4026051 0.5551757 1.6819006 3.9279528 4.9614024 7.8609605 1.469697 0.8969191 0.5590749 8.8414574 1.7591368 6.6933331 2.3636146 1.9074439 3.443392 1.3257267 0.6435749 0.9074121 1.4300349 1.7513479 0.3555193 3.5309706 13.867153 0.8507525 0.6226807 0.5537375 0.8807121 1.7807559 4.4633408 0.713082 5.0994477 1.1889113 2.2053459 1.0623608 1.265653 0.8375408 0.8116083 0.7176919 0.6241987 10.424843 0.5354409 1.13833 0.5470415 3.782825 2.84512 1.2437584 1.0396856 7.7603598 1.3913424 2.9770043 8.0264425 3.1902535 4.9918427 3.3082497 3.3729622 2.2223632 1.3206239 0.7339859 1.9757938 2.2445171 0.5790627 11.571907 4.0348277 3.2982712 1.5445112 0.6691783 7:00 am ‐  7:59 am 10.299508 12.099534 10.639848 1.3259101 3.1131842 6.1069036 8.5857573 11.089061 4.5846763 5.9306169 3.1880388 14.300869 2.3659396 4.4307008 5.5805302 4.650599 7.139092 6.9645329 5.2419271 3.1774285 4.2815084 4.7443776 10.320845 10.197863 10.236311 8.6978302 7.4252996 2.3134086 2.2441962 8.6999454 7.2784853 7.1578975 4.3372307 6.2458854 8.4877386 2.1421237 9.7305279 11.991639 6.7358112 8.8652649 5.3824706 1.4004477 6.834619 6.6724801 7.8233414 8.9153147 4.361208 4.9890151 11.525927 8:00 am ‐  8:59 am 11.621187 2.777837 10.838927 6.13591 7.0052786 10.134027 6.1479154 12.157097 12.425146 4.347311 10.366483 7.9788561 8.4882469 9.2249079 3.3829095 9.5607586 6.7421083 9.5623655 8.8302422 9.8694315 8.4764051 9.193347 11.465956 6.2838364 10.956637 6.7900906 6.7365818 10.71758 6.7644262 6.9509583 7.8460155 4.5506306 8.410387 7.6132097 5.9868169 7.7298684 7.1442523 5.9061222 11.067819 9.1004143 9.2992582 9.5950031 4.3538446 7.8664045 7.9203396 4.266923 8.6292372 6.1678696 3.3061996 4.7245069 10.910528 9:00 am ‐  9:59 am 14.672516 8.9958115 14.586885 10.580859 16.422426 13.780739 10.877651 15.873465 10.037801 9.4193792 6.5703001 5.9065289 12.022137 10.545412 13.392366 7.4399805 11.236772 6.5025001 11.501262 6.9364867 9.2386608 4.0779099 10.550489 12.077972 9.4854746 8.2605696 11.871018 8.6909952 3.0505619 7.3587642 10.382929 8.9068403 14.226634 7.0756569 9.3593969 7.8630133 7.9820008 10:00 am ‐  10:59 am 16.478933 13.158611 17.457569 14.380263 9.7802877 25.564194 11.432891 10.867742 19.625641 14.760956 15.759662 11.509068 16.740795 13.341405 20.283718 14.018822 11.277807 10.568743 13.903448 10.634693 13.886841 10.645681 6.6940727 13.045336 5.920753 9.7045546 19.334631 10.912872 20.88921 13.913769 18.171234 17.20121 13.24264 8.4612761 12.180182 19.27424 18.870516 16.415051 15.641736 11.232022 5.3735003 16.378832 10.953329 12.327237 12.313203 14.332994 12.136155 16.184166 14.565548 6.1595535 23.322399 11.24503 26.028028 11.038301 16.652111 17.225698 10.451871 12.362956 13.43436 12.140555 9.1738319 9.2411604 11:00 am ‐  11:59 noon 7.3056445 5.7186418 4.8169389 12.439811 8.3184948 2.2547255 12.117393 8.3711987 8.1902227 16.633377 16.585806 17.314497 15.107315 16.941118 8.9302616 9.5524311 11.797218 6.5038133 10.023803 11.27392 8.5325489 14.470362 4.9424758 9.0251007 10.728433 8.4064074 9.6631565 9.629612 11.838999 8.5543318 8.5929165 12.922972 10.246903 13.659809 5.0291657 6.3804297 13.25661 10.973631 8.5806627 13.208067 13.151618 13.483562 16.860655 8.0605783 6.0619903 13.535659 12.906512 4.5681901 9.9784985 8.3037977 8.6768742 12:00 noon ‐ 1:00 pm ‐  12:59 pm 1:59 pm 2.4748323 9.442935 8.613492 8.8946476 2.2396629 4.9452434 7.3856807 13.638537 4.6938319 5.6683445 5.9927335 8.3454971 8.5652132 5.2123399 1.7714628 5.2184715 4.6676483 9.2061481 6.5180335 10.399826 4.8663688 9.2047291 4.5658164 5.4526405 1.5523429 7.8248687 7.0670919 6.1113281 4.3584456 6.5819764 2.0912411 13.608479 4.9922895 4.9092031 8.515007 9.7138224 4.3702903 6.8399506 3.5666389 7.8156753 3.0023563 7.6726327 4.6922398 9.8832932 10.854291 3.3170636 2.5223155 6.6762671 7.5566649 8.6347761 2.7626271 9.2021046 8.2154541 7.5050521 9.2833681 6.614913 5.4658451 17.219145 4.4044094 5.172524 3.6866336 4.6552615 8.0819759 8.2495012 5.4295249 9.7995186 7.4273205 11.986923 9.2631559 6.369833 8.369379 15.741906 4.2768259 7.0901423 10.982211 11.14341 4.7112036 3.3229833 2.4372852 6.4515557 2.9901512 6.2238107 4.5144606 9.9323006 0.5456114 11.943246 6.7312717 11.04066 7.3843546 19.984921 7.8684492 7.0661516 4.5093465 7.4774623 27.534908 3.9967158 5.7297268 15.95075 6.1955318 10.738933 0.9256502 5.7661119 2:00 pm ‐  2:59 pm 5.0043602 12.39826 5.8576035 10.789965 6.8706594 16.369965 3.1433442 8.0092487 7.1090798 10.167044 13.158424 7.9870667 12.614677 7.6294661 7.48596 7.6291685 15.830729 9.6841106 8.0828371 9.0759068 10.957899 11.737796 7.4296227 12.120906 4.5377526 7.8380189 6.9470501 7.274869 8.1736507 7.6050191 6.026 9.1353045 6.0000095 9.8817234 10.00501 4.268465 11.906441 4.6107507 9.7331619 9.1362295 7.4623022 8.5167694 9.504982 5.4074616 16.629675 7.3516908 4.8315077 3:00 pm ‐  3:59 pm 4.4530835 5.1617479 4.6138344 3.997916 3.3555462 3.3884218 5.8397937 1.8599048 3.7758412 7.3385196 5.680285 13.511122 3.8032932 4.3759046 4.1667442 5.6346378 4.3459544 11.70518 7.0644307 7.8445272 11.833432 10.385951 9.4960127 7.0862184 5.8428264 5.8958645 4.3373828 11.682481 8.4186859 9.1483755 7.9990754 7.9069738 3.1820109 11.007378 5.8323388 5.0752692 4.8365979 4.9918427 4.2235742 7.0032382 2.7232044 9.1132441 6.7456617 5.7258105 5.7924695 4.8428726 7.1440716 4:00 pm ‐  4:59 pm 6.1432147 6.8763499 4.3448839 6.2242117 6.7912755 7.3771114 5.5744915 7.619163 4.1481619 6.286829 5.5072265 6.4567533 5.552052 7.997364 5.0029926 8.4105844 4.7008834 8.5484381 9.5560837 4.2993693 8.7952204 10.073379 5.0996928 8.9535332 6.7699752 10.754708 6.5959024 4.279213 9.6551991 6.988831 4.7579308 3.5438371 6.3843722 4.8047595 6.767293 4.7770524 30.017496 5.8969798 5.0226455 9.1243658 8.319582 7.0879803 7.2250695 9.7676067 4.4849124 4.6646905 14.235101 8.9635429 5.9817986 9.3079453 10.626564 6.5878978 8.9053383 7.9706964 8.6622343 6.3157287 5:00 pm ‐  5:59 pm 4.2783651 6.5761032 9.2948713 7.8530273 16.073835 3.6433446 6.3985963 8.5651121 4.8115845 4.7546453 1.6748214 1.1577536 2.982537 4.2661338 4.4834609 4.6629133 11.190152 6.1785107 2.069932 11.355729 3.3940315 3.3600106 6.8103223 5.8053632 5.3199215 4.9524593 2.7821438 6.8069568 2.8950961 5.1532259 5.1365967 4.737586 2.6031451 4.4340248 14.10737 2.0512886 3.4699414 6:00 pm ‐  6:59 pm 4.3212199 5.895514 1.1332576 4.7977257 4.2507668 2.2119911 2.4114528 3.1241021 4.5315871 4.1032276 2.5508213 2.4059525 5.4771295 5.3464937 2.5693679 5.2674384 4.6184297 6.4701023 4.2456079 9.0245085 4.5364518 5.4939508 0.8885749 4.6051536 1.9171939 7.2576942 3.9613483 2.329602 4.5889506 7:00 pm ‐  7:59 pm 8:00 pm ‐  8:59 pm After 9:00  pm 0.7305907 4.3217793 0.9909301 3.8321133 1.3467562 0.662838 2.3268864 0.6700419 0.5339112 8.1558809 4.3471889 1.231164 2.4495156 3.1796296 6.2419987 4.305738 7.1380463 6.9745989 6.5312481 2.8382792 3.5767634 5.8167186 5.5239778 6.2328749 6.3201284 2.2064466 5.2114077 3.3687146 4.3315897 4.6611276 2.12695 2.175209 2.0507095 1.4427866 4.7389145 1.7387744 1.6544874 0.7571108 0.4830913 2.483912 2.3562844 0.9065088 1.1033711 2.995822 2.598897 1.2021616 5.9578524 0.7534072 0.4935139 1.4835629 0.3732185 0.4965302 1.8808817 3.062819 2.91272 2.0082622 4.2930708 4.4063807 7.4568305 3.3830216 2.4851665 7.649148 0.7181183 0.936212 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q11 Var. label:  Polling place open Question:  When you arrived at the polling place and got in line to vote, was the polling place open to voters, or was it closed? Percentages: State N It was open It was closed Alabama 176.962 94.67446136 5.325535774 Alaska 147.4177 97.22710419 2.772892952 Arizona 66.82024 98.6113739 1.388618946 Arkansas 167.7111 98.93673706 1.063256741 California 80.06401 97.94441223 2.055582047 Colorado 39.96813 97.9537735 2.046229362 Connecticut 177.6302 97.87126923 2.128731728 Delaware 180.2538 98.45544434 1.544551253 District of Columbia 156.6382 98.77696228 1.223036647 Florida 107.3388 98.1679306 1.832069278 Georgia 159.4437 95.35230255 4.64770031 Hawaii 79.52187 96.3131485 3.686850309 Idaho 170.8795 99.46569824 0.534304202 Illinois 162.0484 99.43975067 0.560242832 Indiana 173.3083 95.26292419 4.73707819 Iowa 125.1769 97.60403442 2.395965338 Kansas 144.9984 98.34374237 1.656260967 Kentucky 173.203 99.45042419 0.549582183 Louisiana 171.0479 97.96232605 2.03767252 Maine 151.6908 96.03034973 3.96965003 Maryland 167.4719 97.80201721 2.197984934 Massachusetts 172.9379 99.58419037 0.415816367 Michigan 123.7259 97.90433502 2.09566474 Minnesota 166.3323 98.89945221 1.100549579 Mississippi 171.1524 100 Missouri 175.9517 96.8907547 3.109239101 Montana 71.72102 98.39192963 1.608076215 Nebraska 128.5034 96.4109726 3.589023829 Nevada 163.7233 99.2355957 0.764409363 New Hampshire 183.8084 97.7719574 2.228044987 New Jersey 153.3296 99.11810303 0.881896615 New Mexico 165.301 98.49472809 1.505276203 New York 174.2119 97.3910675 2.608925104 North Carolina 162.8312 98.20346832 1.796539545 North Dakota 139.3193 95.35663605 4.643360138 Ohio 119.5262 96.89720917 3.102789402 Oklahoma 160.1111 95.06726837 4.932736397 Oregon 14.20215 100 Pennsylvania 170.7782 97.17513275 2.824859619 Rhode Island 167.0527 99.46935272 0.530646801 South Carolina 161.8045 99.03645325 0.963552594 166.5904 98.82003021 1.179970026 South Dakota Tennessee 161.6494 96.44535828 3.554645061 Texas 147.562 95.64107513 4.358922958 Utah 70.65633 96.71623993 3.28375721 Vermont 155.9252 98.1659317 1.834069014 Virginia 166.6281 96.20360565 3.796390533 Washington 15.29421 100 West Virginia 156.6175 98.31724548 1.682753682 Wisconsin 162.9874 99.14090729 0.85909009 Wyoming 155.7457 98.93995667 1.060038805 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q12 Var. label:  How voting fit into day Question:  Please think back to the day when you voted in the 2014 November election. Select the statement that best applies to how voting fit into your schedule that day. Percentages: I voted before work or  I voted after work or school,  I did not have work or school  I voted while on my way to  school, but not on my way to  I voted during a break in my  I voted while on my way  the day I voted. work or school. work or school day. home after work or school. but not on my way home. State N work or school. Alabama 174.7006 13.85644436 7.851886749 7.944209099 11.11310482 5.844925404 53.38942719 Alaska 146.309 20.47184181 1.290316343 15.62502193 12.87089729 6.293176174 43.44874954 Arizona 69.85413 8.903333664 4.343179703 20.8289032 4.016909599 9.351689339 52.55598068 Arkansas 167.1307 3.009190321 2.073353052 9.333757401 14.91152 6.383474827 64.28870392 California 79.46931 18.6269455 11.71695328 4.968748093 12.7405529 14.49817562 37.44862747 Colorado 39.2499 14.85846901 9.757274628 1.708843112 9.408717155 64.26669312 Connecticut 177.6302 18.55426598 7.575316906 8.075415611 9.084141731 5.944629669 50.76622772 Delaware 180.2538 10.4586916 2.809258461 3.638307333 13.40206146 10.84167004 58.85001373 District of Columbia 153.5272 15.93714142 4.540564537 12.73927116 19.0539856 10.62426472 37.1047821 Florida 108.3084 8.946055412 3.60458684 7.376617908 3.909023285 6.945570946 69.21813965 Georgia 160.9778 10.00872993 2.19608283 10.73183632 7.738354683 4.112460136 65.21253967 Hawaii 79.52187 4.313604832 2.57451129 10.02281475 6.470328808 12.65389061 63.96485138 Idaho 170.8795 9.059127808 5.539913654 9.043819427 14.62799168 11.39138985 50.33775711 Illinois 160.2827 13.74716568 4.502283096 8.093544006 9.879717827 4.46655035 59.31074524 Indiana 172.3255 14.552598 7.695579529 6.95784235 8.056969643 4.448020458 58.28898621 Iowa 125.1769 9.766830444 5.69465065 11.75596333 9.070654869 13.35745907 50.35443497 Kansas 143.9719 11.7054491 4.861524105 11.86720276 10.81720924 12.21002579 48.53859329 Kentucky 171.3818 8.344092369 6.276741982 6.432338238 7.227758408 5.276741028 66.44232941 Louisiana 167.3834 12.12121773 6.789273262 6.592937946 7.159251213 10.48029995 56.85702133 Maine 149.0684 6.703593731 2.970660448 9.198339462 9.713484764 7.47081852 63.94309998 Maryland 168.0509 12.89411163 4.218962193 9.846209526 16.44815063 5.675323009 50.91724396 Massachusetts 172.3644 7.235534668 4.008913517 14.42701435 15.0916605 9.169211388 50.06766891 Michigan 122.2805 7.336392403 9.434931755 5.630836964 16.40196991 8.902251244 52.29362106 Minnesota 163.4978 12.97670937 6.446015358 8.203966141 18.03757095 9.145874977 45.1898613 Mississippi 169.5852 13.57112598 3.585161448 13.72887421 15.31817341 6.210337639 47.5863266 Missouri 172.1703 11.56167316 14.98353291 6.687495708 9.558346748 2.86683917 54.34211731 Montana 71.72103 9.685534477 3.790418625 18.91177368 5.747972965 5.592668533 56.27162552 Nebraska 128.5034 9.301158905 9.486468315 9.888011932 16.63581085 10.95457649 43.73396683 Nevada 162.9376 3.689005613 6.31357193 7.589780807 6.742404938 5.133493423 70.53173828 New Hampshire 183.8084 9.801995277 5.315751553 6.530329227 12.97605991 14.73159695 50.64426804 New Jersey 152.3209 18.26437378 6.727582932 10.78775024 9.470889091 10.48270702 44.26669312 New Mexico 165.301 4.588659286 2.022992373 7.311282635 9.669778824 4.921199799 71.48609161 New York 172.7118 16.67477417 9.594108582 4.255894184 6.868472576 8.580990791 54.02576447 North Carolina 161.1933 8.379322052 6.728864193 10.26859379 13.35400295 4.361661911 56.90755463 North Dakota 137.565 8.276165009 7.236743927 14.63248539 13.47800732 15.72408676 40.6525116 Ohio 120.5225 8.425798416 9.624968529 9.444000244 7.254662037 5.864466667 59.38610077 Oklahoma 158.9053 10.6027813 6.395344257 10.75679302 14.49634457 4.177061558 53.57167816 Oregon 14.20215 10.89796543 10.42484283 32.91848755 45.75870895 Pennsylvania 168.2048 10.15764999 6.924250603 5.920407772 11.5652914 6.903733253 58.52866364 Rhode Island 164.9893 13.95055962 1.389210105 3.009104967 14.13408756 11.5872345 55.92980194 South Carolina 160.3172 8.664280891 5.219388008 3.636117697 8.874272346 7.67023325 65.93570709 South Dakota 172.4109 6.869754314 3.388386726 18.50225449 13.7645607 9.227395058 48.24764252 Tennessee 161.6866 5.092628002 6.683716774 12.75332737 11.90334702 5.728282928 57.83869934 Texas 144.2491 7.196990013 4.935115337 15.70732784 11.73646641 7.046890259 53.37720871 Utah 70.65633 6.327898502 18.38611221 10.69072533 7.562142372 11.94680119 45.08632278 Vermont 155.9252 12.05264473 3.779814005 13.79797935 9.198401451 6.193963528 54.97719193 Virginia 165.3254 17.97414017 7.90810442 10.19866753 7.495214939 4.553736687 51.87013626 Washington 14.59554 6.94427681 30.14000511 17.10908318 8.61463356 37.19199753 West Virginia 154.3687 7.839028835 0.899102688 7.270392895 12.11571503 5.712762833 66.16299438 Wisconsin 162.1654 11.05265141 7.430269718 10.94238472 13.40353012 11.33419609 45.8369751 Wyoming 155.7456 11.24605656 7.519984722 11.28436089 10.22120094 6.03531599 53.69308472 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q12a Var. label:  Errands and voting Question:  Did you fit any other errands into the trip when you went to vote? Percentages: State N Yes No I don't remember Alabama 176.962 39.69293594 57.71824646 2.588813066 Alaska 147.4177 52.99939728 44.95844269 2.042161465 Arizona 69.85413 48.19413757 50.56908417 1.236787677 Arkansas 168.4957 49.58153915 47.41874313 2.999715805 California 81.64967 39.42773056 56.61133957 3.960938931 Colorado 41.6701 44.48241043 51.40971375 4.107873917 Connecticut 177.6302 40.73361206 55.23234177 4.034053802 Delaware 180.2538 40.08190918 58.39449692 1.523590922 District of Columbia 159.43 32.5306282 65.3795929 2.089782715 Florida 108.3084 43.21754837 53.98975754 2.792693853 Georgia 160.9778 43.32067871 54.53638458 2.142945528 Hawaii 79.52187 52.17956543 47.82043839 Idaho 170.8795 40.64464951 57.81100464 1.544337034 Illinois 163.0048 45.02221298 53.83409119 1.143688798 Indiana 174.2781 40.18777847 58.58789063 1.224334359 Iowa 125.1769 44.49693298 55.50306702 Kansas 145.7676 46.08704376 52.90520096 1.00775826 Kentucky 173.9646 39.72704315 56.56655884 3.706394196 Louisiana 173.0026 36.88556671 59.3962059 3.718233109 Maine 153.0167 43.86096573 53.55873108 2.580301285 Maryland 168.9068 42.58084869 55.06985474 2.349298954 Massachusetts 174.491 48.65033722 50.39641953 0.953243613 Michigan 123.7259 32.78646851 65.35857391 1.854956627 Minnesota 166.3323 33.03630066 63.70167923 3.262009859 Mississippi 172.0998 31.84146309 65.11785126 3.040688038 Missouri 176.9065 38.49825668 60.4253006 1.076441646 Montana 71.72103 51.64525223 48.35474396 Nebraska 128.5034 39.54927063 58.12461472 2.326109171 Nevada 163.7233 60.02679825 38.47520828 1.497990847 New Hampshire 183.8084 33.23178101 65.29597473 1.472248197 New Jersey 154.1385 38.22608948 61.24911499 0.524795294 New Mexico 165.3011 49.34394836 45.70204926 4.953999043 New York 174.2119 42.05839539 57.06403351 0.877574265 North Carolina 162.8313 44.50177383 55.07978058 0.41844514 North Dakota 137.565 37.27891159 60.58180237 2.139282942 Ohio 120.5225 45.97759247 52.6377449 1.384661436 Oklahoma 160.1111 40.67533112 59.32466888 Oregon 14.20215 56.31603241 43.68396378 Pennsylvania 170.7782 43.30088043 56.1844101 0.514713585 Rhode Island 167.0527 33.8044281 62.7682724 3.427307129 South Carolina 161.8045 39.07504272 59.48590851 1.439046383 South Dakota 172.4108 35.67142868 62.91527176 1.413305283 Tennessee 164.4373 54.32174683 43.45281601 2.225434542 Texas 147.562 38.8146019 59.28437805 1.901019216 Utah 70.65633 44.62579346 54.31435776 1.059848428 Vermont 155.9252 42.3885231 56.1315155 1.479964137 Virginia 167.6172 30.38203049 64.52320862 5.094754696 Washington 16.50665 48.49177933 48.1015358 3.406688452 West Virginia 156.6175 43.04011536 55.86442184 1.095462918 Wisconsin 164.575 46.56188583 49.70185471 3.736251116 Wyoming 155.7456 47.27524185 47.99819183 4.726570129 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q13 Var. label:  Line length Question:  Approximately, how long did you have to wait in line to vote? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 174.9491 147.4177 69.85413 167.0298 79.46931 41.6701 176.4368 180.2538 156.6382 107.3389 158.9976 79.52187 170.8795 162.0484 172.2594 125.1769 144.3209 172.955 169.0853 153.0167 167.1984 174.491 122.8579 166.3323 171.1524 176.9065 71.72102 127.7918 163.7233 183.8084 153.3296 165.301 174.2119 162.8313 137.565 117.8102 159.3858 14.20215 170.7782 165.557 160.2164 172.4108 162.397 146.2795 70.65633 155.9252 167.6172 16.50665 156.6175 163.7472 155.7457 Percentages: Not at all Less than 10 minutes 10‐30 minutes 31 minutes ‐ 1 hour More than 1 hour 34.72850418 30.87051582 22.65770721 7.904721737 3.838546276 37.48043442 40.33548355 19.61311531 2.570963144 46.45386124 18.04321098 17.29445839 14.26437664 3.944090366 29.56810951 31.30119705 23.36979866 11.66435909 4.096532822 43.90799332 29.07839012 15.72895432 7.769612312 3.515053749 64.19771576 21.26757813 4.827673912 6.212341309 3.494694948 42.88687897 39.52345657 14.7150259 2.874643087 44.72130966 41.70380783 12.76892567 0.805953681 34.34158325 26.08573723 20.41292763 12.67611694 6.483630657 43.52445602 32.36740494 19.26830673 3.795978069 1.04384315 28.5389061 27.7706337 28.49927902 9.754771233 5.436405659 44.78687668 31.95516777 22.18213654 1.075821877 38.0398407 36.39301682 19.19324493 5.907146454 0.466751456 49.11151505 33.30475235 12.36266041 4.537091255 0.683986545 21.89835167 35.82633972 26.92378044 9.496870995 5.854656219 61.89294434 22.28442001 11.25158978 4.57104969 45.01366425 36.45645905 14.86800957 3.66186142 48.5434494 34.58726501 9.048433304 6.147330761 1.673517466 27.63875008 42.30026245 17.25651169 9.910398483 2.894077778 59.67784119 27.88636398 9.813699722 2.622094393 30.29937744 28.52972221 22.96164513 12.80800438 5.401250362 56.99361801 32.26766968 7.134672165 2.220259666 1.383772731 34.05377579 41.54883957 14.98531055 5.715614796 3.696458101 51.73365021 31.7224617 11.90332508 2.493595362 2.146960258 45.81842041 33.76710892 15.57325935 3.181494236 1.65970993 31.06967354 36.89915085 14.09722137 14.96645355 2.96750617 53.79878235 29.14845467 12.01862526 4.174696922 0.859448254 35.57500458 52.47180557 5.235445976 4.484480381 2.233265638 39.22299194 34.51054001 14.40945053 9.860417366 1.996596456 49.66247559 36.22602081 11.15499687 2.956509829 34.67013931 44.63339615 16.8660717 3.271765947 0.558619738 43.90095139 38.04533768 15.52534771 2.528367281 37.07806778 32.82644653 26.40517807 3.273326159 0.416978031 32.23178482 26.8181839 28.403265 8.439022064 4.107739449 49.02312088 34.18270111 9.873835564 4.618095398 2.302245855 37.0902977 39.55434418 15.18129444 8.174057961 31.75956154 35.53326416 14.13336182 11.75455952 6.819255829 79.2539978 15.75416088 4.991842747 32.57684708 34.74959946 20.10956955 12.05230427 0.511683464 30.23117828 47.75185394 18.06339073 2.465987921 1.487589598 20.92165947 31.75710487 27.06668854 12.54135036 7.713197231 56.58559418 29.07168579 11.90564919 2.437074423 28.49762344 40.18598175 23.72533417 7.591057777 34.56548691 33.96156311 20.72596931 7.469997883 3.276994944 23.00455666 19.40550423 32.83217621 20.06042862 4.697333336 75.88758087 18.55339241 5.55902195 33.62759781 36.60367203 19.700634 7.889176369 2.178924799 22.40401649 36.62734222 36.99449921 3.974149942 36.00855255 41.53231049 19.86569977 2.085631371 0.50780642 46.88887405 35.2594986 14.95478821 2.245495558 0.651342809 50.71177292 29.66481781 15.48070335 4.142700195 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q13_t Var. label:  Line length (more than 1 hr) Question:  Line length (more than 1 hr) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q14 Var. label:  Source of line Question:  Was your wait in line mostly when you first arrived to check in at the registration table, or after you checked in and were waiting to gain access to a place to cast your ballot? Percentages: State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N Most of my wait was to check in to vote. 111.5308 66.91853333 92.16492 65.38485718 35.71331 79.10700989 118.3236 40.19379425 44.57593 63.87949753 14.91885 74.60500336 98.68842 71.73519135 97.14262 64.20981598 102.8461 50.4324646 60.62019 67.07745361 111.4554 67.87887573 43.90651 50.69757843 103.9443 65.45521545 81.30151 63.2352562 135.7193 52.73357391 45.54308 68.58214569 80.80343 65.85070801 87.36314 72.24614716 117.8767 66.31880951 60.73274 57.68050003 114.3479 55.71059418 75.04227 71.8359375 77.1396 68.97335052 79.0844 55.79110718 86.41392 66.51612091 121.9422 78.76034546 33.13599 59.27323914 82.32986 71.88004303 97.35934 67.48220825 92.52462 93.7700119 97.84345 43.78402328 92.73232 64.80078888 108.3597 71.6388855 109.625 66.18912506 70.12633 71.99672699 73.11772 78.36339569 109.4909 79.04377747 2.946379 22.22476578 113.7048 65.2720871 110.7941 60.1967392 126.5607 67.46778107 73.94282 73.87520599 114.3878 72.09342194 93.58339 75.38387299 54.40215 73.65041351 37.59734 62.80938721 109.9489 67.44409943 10.46649 43.55683899 99.29053 55.19637299 86.14015 80.86761475 76.76427 77.57051086 Most of my wait was after I had checked in,  My wait in line was fairly evenly divided  and I was waiting to gain access to a voting  between checking in and waiting to cast my  ballot. machine or other place to vote. 13.6405344 19.44092751 9.018698692 25.59644699 10.40028477 10.49271011 42.18486023 17.62134933 26.45729256 9.663209915 11.91074085 13.48426056 11.05332279 17.211483 14.85665607 20.93352509 30.45189095 19.11564255 11.25094032 21.67160225 15.81918049 16.30194855 31.87371063 17.42871666 12.25236893 22.29241943 24.53354454 12.23119831 32.67437744 14.59204865 13.63740635 17.78045273 23.87140465 10.27788544 17.21674156 10.53711319 18.29886055 15.38233185 16.99467468 25.32482338 27.36899376 16.92041588 8.296309471 19.86775017 13.17959785 17.84706116 19.40610504 24.80278587 17.41584396 16.06803513 8.339190483 12.90046406 21.47528839 19.25146484 9.957232475 18.16272545 23.16588402 9.351908684 3.268023252 2.961968184 42.14766693 14.06831169 12.32824612 22.87096214 14.35416794 14.00695038 13.2397995 20.57107544 9.480525017 18.52274513 8.74370575 12.89289856 9.316047668 11.64018345 77.77523804 14.69478416 20.03312683 19.70269203 20.10056496 12.71295166 19.81926727 6.328588963 19.79620171 9.331344604 18.57523155 12.98566341 11.63045692 13.857131 12.49245834 18.17568016 19.01493073 15.43148899 17.12441444 36.7596817 19.68347549 29.54338264 15.26024818 7.357762814 11.77462196 12.07883549 10.35064793 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q15 Var. label:  Picture ID Question:  When you first checked in at the polling place to vote, which of the following statements most closely describes how you were asked to identify yourself? Percentages: I gave my name and  I showed a letter, a bill, or  address, but did not  something else with my  show any  name and address on it,  I showed my driver's  I showed a military ID  I showed some other  identification of any  but it was not an  I showed my voter  license or state‐issued  State N photo ID. I showed my passport. card. form of identification. kind. identification card of an registration card. Alabama 175.4329 1.706142068 4.572891235 90.08044434 0.496627241 0.616523623 2.52737093 Alaska 147.4177 6.139237404 33.73225784 57.94319153 0.507104933 1.166684628 0.511533439 Arizona 65.28255 9.830450058 10.2446394 75.42280579 1.320713758 3.181394815 Arkansas 166.022 9.3568964 17.17866707 71.8705368 0.867902517 0.726000547 California 74.46612 58.39201355 13.44462967 20.03328514 1.064538956 7.06552887 Colorado 35.40078 14.18855762 2.310230255 11.50839806 58.20848465 13.78433132 Connecticut 175.9313 4.950432301 0.672094643 89.77282715 0.419693083 0.890814662 3.294140816 Delaware 176.8777 4.025808811 20.85224152 73.57685852 0.431496471 1.11359942 District of Columbia 154.0668 34.9249649 2.517174244 25.67573166 34.84730148 1.298535347 0.736298025 Florida 107.3388 0.903298855 14.7903614 83.44443512 0.861910224 Georgia 158.5733 0.67947346 3.499282598 94.8538208 0.967435181 Hawaii 79.52187 1.471159101 4.187923908 92.6072998 1.733619809 Idaho 170.8795 3.425939322 0.373466879 2.211219788 93.25024414 0.301948607 0.437179267 Illinois 160.1005 53.83159637 13.9866457 29.22136116 0.479657322 2.480740309 Indiana 171.3186 1.009832144 2.463840008 95.07758331 0.875109851 0.573637068 Iowa 120.7137 43.12283325 2.203637362 10.6878767 39.23600388 1.647579432 0.55365634 2.548417568 Kansas 140.7674 0.546400666 2.221603155 91.19436646 1.215598464 3.980728149 0.841304779 Kentucky 172.169 7.718588829 4.028927326 82.88005829 0.892219424 4.480206966 Louisiana 166.2433 5.350608826 94.13524628 0.514144123 Maine 152.4183 83.10626221 0.392594874 1.753255367 10.63146973 4.116418362 Maryland 167.0425 68.65599823 1.179670811 10.16898441 16.85692215 0.731679678 2.406736612 Massachusetts 168.6513 87.69597626 2.760938406 8.338089943 1.205008268 Michigan 123.0862 2.236425877 4.100144386 93.66342926 Minnesota 164.5925 65.65171051 1.044650078 5.744427204 24.51196098 3.04725337 Mississippi 172.0998 2.507038116 10.7361269 82.31757355 0.360113323 2.896654129 1.182497382 Missouri 173.9898 1.410924435 1.312795877 35.98951721 59.98311234 0.839968562 0.463680595 Montana 69.53936 6.24716711 0.869612098 9.215706825 81.04541779 1.206593156 1.415500402 Nebraska 127.1308 64.85146332 17.86331558 17.2852211 Nevada 156.8008 27.44778824 3.900769472 19.53423691 34.19722366 1.542508483 1.252602696 12.12486935 New Hampshire 183.8085 2.404798508 0.616562009 92.97455597 2.285787344 0.46007216 1.258213043 New Jersey 150.366 66.69998169 0.489028215 5.461596489 23.85726929 0.899278462 2.592857361 New Mexico 164.231 45.62902069 2.877238274 23.05600929 23.2084713 0.730775893 4.498474121 New York 170.4791 66.52142334 3.105662107 11.09682751 13.07755756 2.337237358 3.861293793 North Carolina 160.3309 73.70386505 5.338089943 16.78192711 2.584760189 1.591360927 North Dakota 137.565 0.42169553 1.275271773 97.02776337 1.275271773 Ohio 118.8218 8.260084152 0.627596438 2.542708874 83.22948456 1.586543202 3.753586769 Oklahoma 158.9053 0.810077608 0.771239638 35.33568573 61.79501343 0.888474762 0.399513155 Oregon 11.5563 32.43247604 6.86555624 40.61422729 20.08773994 Pennsylvania 168.4444 50.24056625 12.52927208 32.83343506 0.5187729 3.87795186 Rhode Island 167.0527 2.260124683 6.76324892 85.98161316 1.394461632 1.597830534 2.002731085 South Carolina 160.0291 1.172989964 11.69673824 83.09136963 0.857316554 1.713698864 1.467882395 South Dakota 172.4108 1.024726391 97.89912415 1.076154351 Tennessee 162.3969 0.53488183 13.96086311 80.68068695 0.779775262 2.500763893 1.54303956 Texas 144.1602 25.53622246 70.51325226 1.855935216 1.019680619 1.074913383 Utah 68.29427 1.474159956 2.49329257 5.95361948 86.27898407 2.448227644 1.351722836 Vermont 150.8259 88.85273743 1.791012526 6.53015089 2.826108217 Virginia 165.3254 1.318118215 4.175959587 88.92681885 2.253358126 1.584586382 1.741162777 Washington 13.73962 9.549883842 17.6612587 37.57516479 30.12862587 5.085065842 West Virginia 152.323 44.7947731 33.81908035 19.77015495 0.514972806 0.362871677 0.738147914 Wisconsin 163.7472 2.805510998 0.627212048 1.101610899 93.20596313 1.795727491 0.463966072 Wyoming 149.8085 56.01062775 1.908498526 38.60528183 0.792654276 0.977921724 1.705013394 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q15_t Var. label:  Picture ID (open‐ended) Question:  Picture ID (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q16 Var. label:  Picture ID follow‐up Question:  Did you show picture identification because you were asked for it specifically, or because a picture ID was the most convenient form of identification for you to show? Percentages: I showed a picture ID card because it was  convenient for me; I could have shown  I was asked specifically for an ID card  another form of ID if I had wanted to State N with a picture on it Alabama 151.4692 64.31386566 35.68613815 Alaska 81.41001 19.58727264 80.41272736 Arizona 48.13965 59.68711472 40.31288147 Arkansas 114.3159 43.60307693 56.39691925 California 15.71073 55.07465744 44.92535019 Colorado 16.47448 42.19299698 57.80700684 Connecticut 143.5474 55.46538925 44.53460693 Delaware 124.3469 50.48556519 49.51443481 District of Columbia 48.6735 32.28515244 67.71485138 Florida 90.49345 65.64498138 34.35501862 Georgia 146.0417 63.17214584 36.82785034 Hawaii 71.17229 43.51596832 56.48403168 Idaho 145.1152 69.08824158 30.91175652 Illinois 43.12768 52.91510773 47.08489227 Indiana 160.6081 78.08085632 21.91914368 Iowa 47.08368 46.715065 53.28493881 Kansas 127.9846 72.31324005 27.68676186 Kentucky 138.0979 52.14506531 47.85493469 Louisiana 147.7478 59.88976288 40.11024094 Maine 15.47682 12.80989552 87.19010162 Maryland 27.84761 56.70392609 43.29607391 Massachusetts 14.06229 52.99865723 47.00134277 Michigan 109.2065 71.64293671 28.35706329 Minnesota 34.73424 38.24864578 61.7513504 Mississippi 134.6811 64.18678284 35.81322098 Missouri 97.00119 31.1273098 68.87268829 Montana 57.57168 50.65205383 49.34794617 Nebraska 21.00998 43.33924103 56.66075897 Nevada 54.0622 52.06384277 47.93615341 New Hampshire 165.4292 67.3658371 32.6341629 New Jersey 34.43057 35.65815735 64.34184265 New Mexico 38.48691 47.24161148 52.75839233 New York 25.65297 43.11620331 56.88379669 North Carolina 31.05078 30.07071495 69.92929077 North Dakota 129.0859 62.41720581 37.58279037 Ohio 96.55661 66.22973633 33.77026749 Oklahoma 94.47035 54.65898132 45.34101486 Oregon 4.693501 34.45773697 65.54225922 Pennsylvania 55.25436 37.03725052 62.96274567 Rhode Island 140.0957 70.20314026 29.79685593 South Carolina 132.8856 62.77136993 37.22863007 South Dakota 159.5415 67.03211975 32.96788025 Tennessee 130.5458 59.21956635 40.78042984 Texas 100.9229 49.68125916 50.31874084 Utah 55.26386 72.00403595 27.99596214 Vermont 8.18734 58.57888794 41.42110825 Virginia 148.1363 68.07453156 31.92546844 Washington 10.00091 74.32865906 25.67133713 West Virginia 29.10358 54.12297058 45.8770256 Wisconsin 149.3509 72.783638 27.21635818 Wyoming 52.47984 52.41159821 47.58840561 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q17 Var. label:  Voting equipment problems Question:  Did you encounter any problems with the voting equipment or the ballot that may have interfered with your ability to cast your vote as intended? Percentages: State N Yes No Alabama 176.962 1.050344 98.94965 Alaska 147.4177 0.673346 99.32665 Arizona 69.85413 2.28974 97.71026 Arkansas 167.5321 1.125045 98.87495 California 78.99649 1.545909 98.45409 Colorado 39.65841 99.99999 Connecticut 176.7517 100 Delaware 180.2538 1.843942 98.15605 District of Columbia 155.582 3.324755 96.67525 Florida 107.2229 1.175896 98.8241 Georgia 157.7511 1.441571 98.55843 Hawaii 79.52187 0.295631 99.70437 Idaho 170.8795 0.760464 99.23954 Illinois 161.1973 1.779778 98.22021 Indiana 174.2781 0.834768 99.16524 Iowa 125.1769 2.697674 97.30233 Kansas 139.3203 4.176667 95.82333 Kentucky 173.9646 1.0649 98.9351 Louisiana 166.7402 0.581744 99.41826 Maine 152.4183 0.987783 99.01221 Maryland 167.5723 1.725387 98.27461 Massachusetts 173.8357 1.634281 98.36572 Michigan 123.0862 7.202034 92.79797 Minnesota 162.0312 5.6214 94.3786 Mississippi 169.8662 1.115939 98.88406 Missouri 175.847 1.566397 98.4336 Montana 71.72102 1.53421 98.4658 Nebraska 128.5034 100 Nevada 159.0093 4.026838 95.97316 New Hampshire 183.8084 1.135251 98.86475 New Jersey 154.1385 2.130684 97.86932 New Mexico 165.301 1.377075 98.62293 New York 174.2119 3.99832 96.00169 North Carolina 162.8313 0.598984 99.40102 North Dakota 137.565 100 Ohio 117.4832 4.333254 95.66675 Oklahoma 160.1111 1.715379 98.28462 Oregon 14.20215 100 Pennsylvania 170.7782 2.087511 97.91248 Rhode Island 165.557 3.029605 96.9704 South Carolina 161.8045 2.493266 97.50673 South Dakota 172.4108 3.493021 96.50698 Tennessee 162.397 0.533484 99.46651 Texas 141.3156 2.127698 97.8723 Utah 70.17665 1.597283 98.40272 Vermont 155.9252 1.066465 98.93354 Virginia 165.639 0.584073 99.41593 Washington 16.50665 3.738464 96.26154 West Virginia 154.3715 0.963258 99.03674 Wisconsin 162.6949 1.378471 98.62153 Wyoming 155.7457 2.531624 97.46837 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q17_t Var. label:  Voting equipment problems (open‐ended) Question:  Voting equipment problems (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q18 Var. label:  Poll worker performance Question:  Please rate the job performance of the poll workers at the polling place where you voted. Percentages: State N Excellent Good Fair Poor Alabama 176.962 65.96204 26.09841 6.963754 0.975799 Alaska 147.4177 71.56536 21.08812 7.34652 Arizona 68.89141 65.85441 29.50868 4.6369 Arkansas 167.6171 70.75363 24.30203 4.399812 0.544523 California 78.76945 56.63028 30.47461 9.384233 3.510883 Colorado 40.85226 77.23785 19.83978 2.922376 Connecticut 177.6302 68.21947 30.32984 1.450687 Delaware 179.5752 76.69647 20.48442 2.011742 0.807363 District of Columbia 159.43 67.08231 25.36532 7.009933 0.542435 Florida 107.3388 75.75094 20.59762 3.651435 Georgia 160.0762 67.95707 24.59572 6.553238 0.893971 Hawaii 79.52188 59.55947 32.70015 3.648616 4.091757 Idaho 170.8795 73.34467 20.49993 4.890432 1.264967 Illinois 162.0484 70.94479 28.01426 1.040964 Indiana 174.2781 68.55806 28.21453 2.11446 1.112943 Iowa 125.1769 68.83441 29.74814 1.417447 Kansas 143.9613 69.41243 24.52409 6.063484 Kentucky 173.9646 81.94582 15.41853 2.635649 Louisiana 171.0479 74.69759 20.18617 4.140223 0.976024 Maine 153.0167 76.57948 18.85243 4.568092 Maryland 167.5723 63.72392 35.33891 0.937175 Massachusetts 173.9102 68.08981 27.65403 2.239984 2.016167 Michigan 123.7259 68.58642 24.07313 7.340449 Minnesota 166.3323 68.6881 26.62485 4.68706 Mississippi 171.1524 64.12229 32.99406 2.883647 Missouri 174.6485 71.98936 23.93047 3.328281 0.751895 Montana 71.72102 67.60034 27.1457 5.253963 Nebraska 128.5034 69.60606 25.0721 5.321826 Nevada 163.7233 71.12337 25.76902 3.107612 New Hampshire 182.3479 77.0797 21.09013 1.830161 New Jersey 153.3296 59.69511 32.62738 6.948161 0.729368 New Mexico 165.3011 74.35052 25.37544 0.27403 New York 173.6577 54.21308 34.75428 11.03264 North Carolina 162.8313 72.34005 23.5972 4.062743 North Dakota 137.565 78.19541 20.40903 1.395564 Ohio 120.5225 69.22449 25.36137 3.92072 1.49342 Oklahoma 160.1111 75.24059 18.04158 4.05372 2.664108 Oregon 12.5897 72.41901 27.58099 Pennsylvania 170.7782 68.66678 27.3631 3.43804 0.532076 Rhode Island 164.5014 68.22206 26.54366 5.234275 South Carolina 161.8045 68.51208 27.64043 3.847488 South Dakota 172.4108 75.92476 17.62332 3.549528 2.902401 Tennessee 162.397 72.37749 24.64497 1.399114 1.578414 Texas 145.1828 66.84517 30.08091 1.833586 1.240339 Utah 70.17666 61.87707 33.0477 5.075219 Vermont 155.9252 73.88161 24.2681 1.850293 Virginia 167.6172 77.78925 20.20294 2.007817 Washington 15.88956 27.40014 72.59985 West Virginia 155.3028 79.39884 18.65153 1.593722 0.355909 Wisconsin 162.9617 79.56939 19.07818 1.352427 Wyoming 155.7457 77.61609 20.29807 2.08584 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q19 Var. label:  Race of Poll Worker Question:  What was the race/ethnicity of the poll worker who checked you in when you voted? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N African‐American Native American 175.8203 25.95514107 0.643812358 134.2122 1.881238103 8.620640755 66.21281 7.32285881 168.4956 15.39244461 75.02615 11.03084946 1.23849082 37.22128 171.2915 11.34203243 179.5643 34.13825226 0.384008139 157.3151 62.62311554 0.672876358 99.96624 25.2763958 0.41111356 159.7737 38.5214653 0.602076411 73.14896 5.551291466 167.606 154.5983 18.54340935 171.2767 19.3130455 122.0055 2.617614508 0.932455599 135.9769 2.708326101 168.8347 10.68810654 0.451038063 170.3465 39.11268234 148.0016 0.629884243 166.7867 40.70973206 166.9031 4.526256561 122.9202 15.93719196 163.0007 4.024668217 168.6539 45.57377243 175.9517 17.12865639 68.92625 3.709321499 124.9609 3.867632627 158.0359 16.87417221 183.1609 148.7679 18.88213158 150.8005 4.395753384 0.55021131 165.425 26.69643211 0.79158318 161.6676 25.88812065 128.454 0.392685652 1.991666079 119.7768 21.3862896 0.62259233 154.3427 9.927311897 1.336180449 12.64244 167.6644 13.12979031 149.7615 8.841738701 158.7165 38.59431458 168.9104 2.877940416 161.7478 18.41648674 139.1894 8.953686714 67.48512 1.876788974 148.6384 160.857 31.72057724 1.833676696 16.50665 154.5547 5.422740936 0.432692975 161.6283 1.929212093 0.492582023 150.4042 0.979574323 0.439569056 Asian 0.792076707 3.030181646 9.799968719 1.287575126 1.41194737 0.346458077 20.85962677 0.577569366 1.124631643 1.079705358 0.291079074 1.651429176 2.112516642 0.358096987 1.619548321 0.67803061 0.644698083 1.800202131 0.989345491 1.365954995 0.425280005 1.367930055 8.473435402 Percentages: White Hispanic Other/multi‐racial I don't recall the race of my poll worker 65.1727829 1.320590973 6.90766716 69.43012238 2.438825846 1.503479362 15.33361912 57.19653702 15.7076149 1.45398891 15.28881073 77.79920197 0.365267187 6.443090439 30.1095295 24.92326736 2.689358711 20.20853806 64.76236725 12.13086605 2.421229362 20.68554115 76.43550873 1.309877396 1.911076665 7.713930607 45.57802963 1.676119208 2.025138855 14.78651237 24.17176437 1.139014363 2.022896051 9.023875237 56.6983223 5.517279148 1.509381652 10.5875082 54.19601059 1.284987807 1.687958479 3.707502365 27.87319183 4.527481556 18.70378494 22.48462677 90.11210632 1.315613508 0.615691781 7.37901783 60.7480545 3.129991531 4.108571529 12.34535027 76.89686584 3.790093422 90.61226654 5.837663651 84.81154633 0.863276124 1.532828927 10.08402538 79.54148865 1.110545874 0.873698235 7.335117817 50.3269043 0.68024838 0.135054186 8.665405273 96.29393005 0.89584595 2.180342674 44.60854721 1.751024246 0.502940536 12.13667774 79.62825775 1.888170123 0.859956503 11.44594002 77.16422272 2.999400377 1.786673665 84.70147705 1.905620694 1.114771605 8.253457069 44.93473434 3.785053968 5.348347187 73.01599884 0.410915554 0.483091325 7.341794968 92.40958405 0.885248303 2.317813873 80.05168915 0.828915119 1.016803503 14.23495483 57.51465988 1.844635487 1.906263709 21.21557236 88.12759399 1.839681745 0.461698771 7.770817757 66.53839874 4.978090763 2.177958012 6.43407917 41.41794586 27.83775711 0.709599555 23.72277832 56.34115601 2.962064743 4.907214165 7.876272678 61.76293564 1.213929296 11.13501453 91.7928009 0.551820993 5.271021366 66.90019226 1.537900448 9.553027153 76.68438721 1.397493124 10.65463352 78.33248901 21.6675148 79.35186768 0.936861336 1.05223906 5.529242039 67.40389252 6.773912907 0.655647457 16.32480431 53.5621376 0.512923479 7.330628872 87.34580994 0.808573902 0.827845752 8.139832497 71.63227081 1.321816444 8.629425049 55.62466049 22.57352638 0.921397686 11.92672062 91.26434326 5.490942955 91.06771088 0.8999331 0.76533705 7.267015457 56.80128479 1.152460933 8.491993904 59.96752548 13.36557865 10.75183868 7.441614151 89.05027008 0.50753665 4.586758614 90.75320435 1.092307687 3.668462038 2.064238548 82.59824371 3.29611063 12.68651295 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q20 Var. label:  Age of poll worker Question:  About how old was the poll worker who checked you in when you voted? Percentages: State N Under 30 Between 31 and 50 Between 51 and 70 Older than 70 Alabama 159.8293 3.109256268 23.82379532 61.80773544 11.25920677 Alaska 123.9719 17.36274338 37.10716248 44.23069382 1.299400449 Arizona 58.50713 9.867275238 44.64294434 43.90385818 1.585924029 Arkansas 150.9167 6.579631329 27.87784767 57.39741898 8.145106316 California 66.46011 24.97990417 34.65515137 37.23869705 3.126243591 Colorado 31.65835 50.32097626 42.15242386 7.526600361 Connecticut 149.6854 3.515880346 24.41541862 65.97590637 6.092796326 Delaware 152.3139 10.96788788 36.12590408 50.83557129 2.070636272 District of Columbia 125.3617 11.36763191 37.87362671 46.92301178 3.835724592 Florida 88.01702 4.765410423 23.83948517 68.91125488 2.483852625 Georgia 149.6925 5.834920406 39.66053009 53.32775116 1.176799893 Hawaii 71.19318 17.07910538 37.89517975 44.69550323 0.330215693 Idaho 150.6631 8.468396187 30.32374573 57.43971252 3.768148184 Illinois 140.7304 13.57017899 30.45244408 51.24978638 4.727584362 Indiana 163.0872 5.753707886 30.01093102 54.5083046 9.727054596 Iowa 114.6925 4.981468678 15.25279617 71.35198212 8.413751602 Kansas 129.4091 2.421071529 24.91103172 61.33495712 11.33294106 Kentucky 150.4367 2.064677477 36.44340515 54.20023727 7.291680336 Louisiana 142.8255 2.650589943 36.01554871 57.99814224 3.335715532 Maine 143.9114 4.077228069 29.28588295 55.22196579 11.41493225 Maryland 145.0025 4.301813602 43.68795776 48.4847374 3.525490046 Massachusetts 148.9352 2.468823433 22.36473083 59.69048309 15.47595692 Michigan 111.7427 9.285148621 24.96487427 55.5429039 10.20707607 Minnesota 153.1627 7.943639278 26.91037178 59.12634659 6.01964426 Mississippi 149.7711 2.91635704 31.28275108 62.01495361 3.785939217 Missouri 159.1386 2.657526255 25.34909248 65.05260468 6.940777779 Montana 70.72045 0.660828769 39.50833893 57.35702133 2.47381258 Nebraska 113.183 3.056341648 25.36491203 62.13933945 9.439405441 Nevada 135.685 5.027024746 22.78999901 69.78670502 2.396265984 New Hampshire 166.9818 2.16743803 23.14095116 62.25553513 12.43607521 New Jersey 131.2374 3.624855042 27.63369942 56.82679749 11.9146452 New Mexico 140.5844 4.133641243 37.61765671 54.83747482 3.411231995 New York 148.6052 4.54462862 27.32026672 62.31937408 5.815730095 North Carolina 146.4288 7.908006191 32.64121628 53.86839676 5.582383156 North Dakota 122.0215 2.891455889 16.34440041 75.29185486 5.472294807 Ohio 100.6762 10.83174133 31.65612793 51.17816925 6.333960533 Oklahoma 136.5426 1.177023768 15.71669388 67.69649506 15.40977859 Oregon 9.056995 65.43722534 34.56278229 Pennsylvania 152.9589 5.371174335 24.43284225 60.36360931 9.83237648 Rhode Island 137.0545 8.589495659 35.83666229 44.83160019 10.74224091 South Carolina 142.4012 14.30055714 45.6075592 34.19740295 5.894482613 South Dakota 156.6343 2.460350037 21.14036369 61.7974968 14.60179138 Tennessee 143.6496 1.737498045 35.00080109 56.15961838 7.102083206 Texas 119.9049 6.288737774 28.17435265 63.53034973 2.006566286 Utah 63.72658 3.990983009 47.65864563 44.85479355 3.495585203 Vermont 142.0367 2.94944191 24.2668457 66.75584412 6.027862072 Virginia 139.4283 6.672735214 31.88665009 59.08712006 2.353491783 Washington 12.66717 16.88780594 54.00081253 29.11138153 West Virginia 140.44 2.707766056 32.98315811 57.95171738 6.357355118 Wisconsin 151.8246 0.953077137 31.13777733 58.43717575 9.471972466 Wyoming 137.8 1.76856637 38.96589661 57.01032257 2.255212545 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q21 Var. label:  Reason for absentee ballot Question:  Which of the following statements most closely describes why you voted by mail or absentee? Percentages: State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 5.092776 22.03504 118.415 5.136209 93.84215 150.4897 4.748517 7.734001 19.39044 71.29611 16.13204 101.2086 20.47692 20.75852 8.893033 62.27367 39.83971 8.220912 7.616528 34.6803 12.4134 12.78602 52.70767 23.5662 3.671253 10.57308 121.5052 58.65633 20.96117 11.65647 34.7989 21.29 11.19846 12.19821 45.19395 65.58378 16.79415 172.3694 8.350549 15.29485 21.05228 14.36006 6.245006 22.11876 118.1572 22.40906 14.97665 176.0523 12.13531 16.3497 27.48234 My state or  locality only has  vote‐by‐mail. 0.564820945 2.086303234 20.64650726 4.263593197 0.632343054 2.442698002 7.871032715 4.733361721 2.466929913 2.062364578 84.17527008 19.92341423 2.670680285 67.65691376 5.063148022 5.831716061 I have signed up to  Voting by mail or  I have a physical  receive a mail or  absentee was just  disability that  absentee ballot  makes it difficult  more convenient  automatically in  for me this  I was out of town  for me to get to  each election. the polls election for this election 22.55529404 34.06872559 43.37597656 16.82601738 15.78744793 50.90996552 2.900385141 67.83872986 15.73591328 1.413211226 5.745203018 12.08916855 41.06493759 46.84590149 50.71322632 33.32159042 4.485230923 7.330783367 31.82538986 36.33884811 0.445691019 3.081526518 14.02303123 48.25823593 23.07015038 7.635863781 11.33731365 8.91571331 34.46022415 78.14863586 21.85136604 39.65304947 31.49649429 6.119056225 4.003541946 13.92827511 22.57098579 17.96585083 30.51531029 60.19106293 17.17187309 3.584836721 6.151484013 8.276098251 45.49549103 8.402252197 27.27004623 10.30548382 33.09418869 3.295674324 38.77242661 16.85843658 22.21925735 32.15995026 28.76234818 11.21453381 56.66221619 7.44021225 12.66439056 7.656416416 42.58418274 11.09266186 18.53713989 31.68476868 49.11990356 39.47166824 33.03294754 18.81782913 1.734760523 49.96033096 13.88480186 18.84262276 17.12145424 43.57048416 13.65124035 18.45870018 22.12555885 40.06718445 19.49802208 26.34070778 34.61735535 11.0376091 9.195425034 14.34426403 32.61120605 9.994578362 16.70265579 44.13726807 20.86586189 18.79209709 18.9517498 14.3635273 36.36624146 61.34397507 19.00303841 9.61474514 4.498178482 19.03579521 54.93880081 4.038944721 9.103325844 46.92536163 29.73998451 4.540947914 9.655680656 6.761311531 64.06726074 24.56235695 57.5130806 14.77855873 5.026109219 8.556772232 3.967338085 45.68103027 8.612230301 20.94018364 26.4946804 15.16828537 25.25564957 8.532753944 40.76134109 14.63017273 7.164657116 21.64502335 31.18066978 13.12313175 25.95581245 8.506528854 45.26831055 4.920380592 19.64846039 4.045655727 22.77617455 18.63875389 40.43172836 6.416889668 8.215807915 24.64232254 41.64764023 11.45769501 33.17076111 34.00542068 4.906259537 4.457085609 27.65575027 7.405712605 29.13160515 12.82950306 39.86501312 30.68865585 13.90068722 24.41533089 45.72009659 18.45447922 11.41009426 18.93318939 22.91797829 21.64566231 15.37197971 30.08573532 39.92191696 1.559827209 3.005646706 8.732499123 36.6528511 29.15861893 14.65570641 5.396812916 21.1444397 33.44284821 16.25912285 21.16933441 9.468840599 0.703453481 12.90056419 62.22373962 30.71849632 26.33844185 15.13853931 8.236962318 37.07174683 15.7625885 17.27791214 I could not get to  the polls on  Election Day  because of my  I was an election  work or school  I am in the armed  official or poll  schedule worker forces 2.432114124 5.758026123 1.672759652 2.062868118 0.967669368 5.279436588 14.64858341 30.01303673 4.517229557 5.096849442 7.723961353 10.55611897 10.0309248 6.407251835 Other 3.064061642 2.944101334 1.414945006 7.637845039 0.84098959 5.963036537 2.326189518 3.185672283 6.779854298 3.959691048 1.35876441 4.50129652 7.166509151 4.402027607 7.715270042 1.54664886 13.28487968 3.30548954 11.48005581 8.677552223 11.7543745 3.823111534 7.198113441 11.62608051 7.719963074 4.599096775 34.99686432 1.02508378 7.383761406 4.40466404 4.609072208 4.078978062 11.07805252 10.064641 14.28089523 1.699819922 9.27893734 8.977977753 3.885616064 6.943705559 11.52638435 0.866610944 1.27709794 5.181204319 3.707157612 1.568431139 22.25234604 13.12688255 20.37035179 2.716138363 9.609005928 4.43153429 8.129649162 18.47052574 0.625290036 10.69332504 8.564123154 8.87197876 13.6260252 7.164657116 2.76474762 9.724080086 4.039851189 2.893742085 6.683150768 7.203326702 6.933466911 3.648369312 4.222278595 2.398373127 6.014005184 9.390725136 7.465515137 2.653305769 5.129713058 1.192037821 10.7508316 8.085745811 11.52218819 1.071921825 5.286248684 0.376169175 14.18236923 5.681427479 8.495825768 6.947099209 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q21_t Var. label:  Reason for absentee ballot (open‐ended) Question:  Reason for absentee ballot (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q22 Var. label:  Problems getting mail ballot Question:  Were there any problems getting your absentee or mail‐in ballot sent to you? Percentages: State N Yes No Alabama 5.092776 100 Alaska 22.03504 1.67276 98.32724 Arizona 118.415 0.933025 99.06697 Arkansas 5.136209 100 California 93.84215 2.70721 97.29279 Colorado 150.4897 0.627511 99.37249 Connecticut 4.748517 100 Delaware 7.734001 100 District of Columbia 19.39044 100 Florida 71.29611 100 Georgia 16.13204 100 Hawaii 96.39907 0.529487 99.47051 Idaho 20.47693 2.926538 97.07346 Illinois 20.75852 3.295674 96.70432 Indiana 8.893033 99.99999 Iowa 62.27367 4.674691 95.32531 Kansas 39.83971 11.09266 88.90734 Kentucky 8.220912 100 Louisiana 7.616528 100 Maine 34.6803 100 Maryland 12.4134 5.452886 94.54712 Massachusetts 12.78602 100 Michigan 52.70767 1.423472 98.57653 Minnesota 23.5662 100 Mississippi 3.671253 23.83353 76.16647 Missouri 10.57308 100 Montana 121.5052 2.456407 97.54359 Nebraska 56.17103 3.614867 96.38513 Nevada 20.96117 100 New Hampshire 11.65647 100 New Jersey 34.79891 2.985653 97.01434 New Mexico 21.29 8.61223 91.38776 New York 11.19846 100 North Carolina 12.19821 100 North Dakota 45.19395 100 Ohio 65.58378 100 Oklahoma 16.79415 100 Oregon 170.6477 0.381685 99.61831 Pennsylvania 8.350549 12.07797 87.92204 Rhode Island 15.29485 4.90626 95.09373 South Carolina 21.05228 4.613893 95.38611 South Dakota 14.36006 100 Tennessee 6.245006 100 Texas 22.11876 100 Utah 118.1572 2.105344 97.89466 Vermont 22.40907 1.894012 98.10598 Virginia 14.97665 6.789102 93.2109 Washington 174.5587 0.379388 99.62061 West Virginia 12.13531 100 Wisconsin 16.3497 100 Wyoming 27.48234 100 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q22_t Var. label:  Problem getting mail ballot (open‐ended) Question:  Problem getting mail ballot (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q23 Var. label:  Problem marking mail ballot Question:  Did you encounter any problems marking or completing your ballot that may have interfered with your ability to cast your vote as intended? Percentages: State N Yes No Alabama 5.092776 100 Alaska 22.03504 1.67276 98.32724 Arizona 118.415 100 Arkansas 5.136209 100 California 92.87949 2.486791 97.51321 Colorado 150.4897 0.611717 99.38828 Connecticut 4.748517 100 Delaware 7.734001 100 District of Columbia 19.39044 100 Florida 70.60906 1.586835 98.41316 Georgia 16.13204 100 Hawaii 101.2086 100 Idaho 20.47693 100 Illinois 20.75852 99.99999 Indiana 8.893033 99.99999 Iowa 60.24308 100 Kansas 34.44727 100 Kentucky 7.277147 100 Louisiana 7.616528 100 Maine 34.6803 100 Maryland 12.4134 100 Massachusetts 12.78602 100 Michigan 51.90197 1.675349 98.32465 Minnesota 23.5662 7.955357 92.04464 Mississippi 3.671253 23.83353 76.16647 Missouri 10.57308 100 Montana 121.5052 100 Nebraska 57.42358 100 Nevada 20.96117 100 New Hampshire 11.65647 100 New Jersey 34.79891 99.99999 New Mexico 21.29 100 New York 11.19846 100 North Carolina 12.19821 7.465516 92.53448 North Dakota 45.19395 100 Ohio 65.58378 1.570686 98.42931 Oklahoma 16.79415 100 Oregon 171.3492 0.298301 99.7017 Pennsylvania 8.350549 100 Rhode Island 15.29485 100 South Carolina 21.05228 100 South Dakota 14.36006 100 Tennessee 6.245006 100 Texas 22.11876 100 Utah 118.1572 100 Vermont 22.40907 99.99999 Virginia 14.97665 100 Washington 176.0523 1.052917 98.94708 West Virginia 12.13531 100 Wisconsin 16.3497 4.435469 95.56453 Wyoming 27.48234 100 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q23_t Var. label:  Problem marking mail ballot (open‐ended) Question:  Problem marking mail ballot (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q24 Var. label:  How returned mail ballot Question:  To the best of your memory, how was your ballot returned? Percentages: State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 5.092776 22.03504 114.8604 5.13621 91.24821 148.4459 4.748517 7.734001 19.39044 71.29611 16.13204 101.2086 18.83565 19.09108 8.893033 60.24308 34.44727 8.220912 7.616528 34.6803 12.4134 12.78602 52.70767 22.65979 3.671253 10.57308 119.9186 57.8697 20.96117 11.65647 34.08952 21.29 10.07137 12.19821 45.19395 65.58378 16.79415 172.3694 8.350549 15.29485 21.05228 14.36006 5.532445 22.11876 116.4545 22.40906 14.97665 174.2933 12.13531 16.3497 25.87965 Taken to an official election  location (such as a polling  place, early voting center,  or dropbox). Mailed back 100.0000076 100 9.8509655 90.14904022 18.96652031 81.03347015 24.02123642 75.97875977 72.81257629 27.18742561 100 8.039385796 91.96061707 4.459949017 95.54005432 12.06877422 87.93122864 14.25642967 85.74356842 2.644711971 97.35528564 35.84352493 64.15647125 5.732851028 94.26715088 7.879143715 92.12084961 2.132628679 97.86737061 15.17455673 84.82543945 8.835212708 91.16478729 100 29.53575706 70.46424103 12.51463318 87.48536682 100 55.27434158 44.72566223 10.11970234 89.88030243 38.32608414 61.67391968 38.48088837 61.51911163 35.59090424 64.40909576 44.44633102 55.55367279 5.460992336 94.53900909 28.11104012 71.88896179 4.941166401 95.05883026 12.36700916 87.63298798 7.953454018 92.04653931 7.164657593 92.83534241 37.82656097 62.17343903 15.94537735 84.05462646 100.0000076 58.9867363 41.0132637 12.01549149 87.98451233 23.03610611 76.96389008 20.93079376 79.06920624 19.97898293 80.02101898 100 5.22412014 94.77588654 23.39753532 76.60246277 56.85003281 43.14997482 14.1524725 85.84752655 65.46417236 34.53582764 20.28585625 79.71414185 30.77391052 69.22608948 37.30178833 62.69821548 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q25 Var. label:  Who returned ballot? Question:  Did you personally return or mail back your ballot, or did someone else? Percentages: State N I did, personally. Someone else did. Alabama 5.092776 64.61361694 35.38637924 Alaska 22.03504 93.93875885 6.061232567 Arizona 118.415 98.87145233 1.12854743 Arkansas 5.13621 72.12062073 27.87937355 California 92.14787 95.65198517 4.348012924 Colorado 149.9095 86.15468597 13.84531879 Connecticut 4.748517 85.35141754 14.64858341 Delaware 7.734001 53.43450546 46.56549454 District of Columbia 19.39044 100 Florida 71.29611 95.9401474 4.059853554 Georgia 16.13204 64.21611023 35.78388596 Hawaii 101.2086 87.02822876 12.97176552 Idaho 18.83565 95.87728882 4.122707367 Illinois 19.09108 78.32448578 21.67551231 Indiana 8.893033 99.99999237 Iowa 59.29061 91.80605316 8.193950653 Kansas 35.42043 88.55487823 11.44512177 Kentucky 7.211386 86.91284943 13.0871563 Louisiana 7.616528 89.07608795 10.92390823 Maine 34.6803 86.56286621 13.4371376 Maryland 12.4134 89.28032684 10.71967411 Massachusetts 12.78602 84.74679565 15.25321007 Michigan 52.70767 87.3837204 12.61628628 Minnesota 22.65979 94.16587067 5.834123135 Mississippi 3.671253 76.16646576 23.83352661 Missouri 10.57308 100 Montana 119.9186 81.80599213 18.19400978 Nebraska 56.97818 83.0178833 16.98210907 Nevada 20.96117 89.64801788 10.35198689 New Hampshire 11.65647 92.98603821 7.013957024 New Jersey 34.79891 89.05879974 10.94119453 New Mexico 21.29 90.69128418 9.308713913 New York 10.07137 69.17241669 30.82758331 North Carolina 12.19821 74.46315765 25.53684807 North Dakota 45.19395 85.58863068 14.41137314 Ohio 65.58378 77.15831757 22.84168625 Oklahoma 16.79415 72.66735077 27.3326416 Oregon 171.8111 88.26052094 11.73947525 Pennsylvania 8.350549 88.54230499 11.45769501 Rhode Island 15.29485 76.12228394 23.87771225 South Carolina 21.05228 93.46264648 6.537356853 South Dakota 14.36006 92.49693298 7.503061771 Tennessee 6.245006 88.58990479 11.41009426 Texas 22.11876 96.45179749 3.548206568 Utah 118.1572 93.46846771 6.531531334 Vermont 22.40907 86.71736145 13.28263664 Virginia 14.97665 100 Washington 176.0523 82.81679535 17.18320084 West Virginia 12.13531 77.41361237 22.58638763 Wisconsin 16.3497 79.90733337 20.09266663 Wyoming 27.48234 78.27116394 21.72883224 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q26 Var. label:  Where absentee ballot returned Question:  Which of the following statements most accurately describes where your ballot was returned? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 5.092776 22.03504 118.415 5.136209 92.9425 149.9095 4.748517 7.734001 19.39044 71.2961 16.13204 101.2086 18.05911 19.09108 8.893033 59.04182 39.83971 7.211386 7.616528 34.68031 12.4134 12.78602 51.533 22.65979 3.671253 10.57308 121.5052 57.76481 20.96117 11.65647 33.37947 21.29 10.07137 11.28755 44.82543 65.58378 16.02394 170.6303 8.350549 15.29485 21.05228 14.36006 5.532445 22.11876 116.1656 22.40906 11.85489 172.4727 10.83764 16.3497 27.48234 Percentages: Drop box used only  Voting center, not a  Post office box at a  Official post office  Picked up by the  Neighborhood polling  neighborhood polling  U.S. Postal Service  box not at a U.S.  postal worker who  for ballots, not  place. Other location. Postal Service  delivers mail to my  located at an election  Main election office. place. 83.94097137 16.05901909 44.80479813 15.37693119 23.86354256 15.95473099 42.02428818 11.43099976 36.96569824 1.529143214 1.7611233 2.634884357 2.033510685 1.6203475 12.08916855 46.84590149 18.96652222 22.09841347 43.83002472 4.868569374 24.08739471 13.86166859 3.104240179 8.807985306 1.440112233 10.42289352 4.745860577 10.17028618 47.55440521 10.27111053 8.391760826 7.530552387 0.913123548 42.69464493 57.30535507 16.5524559 21.20569801 24.18942261 8.039385796 30.01303673 36.17758179 49.89121628 13.93119335 40.48212814 6.699974537 39.4377594 4.016474247 3.414102077 3.049290419 2.900281668 38.48707581 16.28588295 26.20252228 13.59022617 5.434290886 48.23060226 9.902854919 39.26159286 0.776776791 1.009060502 0.181022778 0.638094068 37.51895142 8.407710075 19.07969666 20.37711716 14.61653137 61.25938416 9.912637711 21.96426582 6.863712311 19.60400963 17.28300095 45.62078476 17.49219704 40.42552567 13.10697269 42.73482132 2.44242382 1.290260434 23.54113007 20.53405762 29.56020355 15.27194691 11.0926609 76.84078979 13.0871563 10.07205963 63.55831528 36.44168091 32.00873566 2.231200695 27.39322662 12.76010132 5.657343388 19.94938278 55.42677307 4.207984924 13.59989643 26.76535034 27.26944733 54.82067871 17.90987587 20.10637665 3.441253901 17.18362808 23.05535698 25.59275436 3.695818663 6.924806118 31.90245628 21.92941284 25.38002205 6.858617306 3.261085272 10.6684103 20.8658638 40.80805588 27.16274643 11.16333771 6.192164898 6.838242054 48.48870468 11.52638435 8.002754211 10.70580196 8.245947838 28.8126545 14.02078724 20.21576118 4.655013084 22.77406311 3.338306665 6.183416367 21.65688896 7.705111504 17.71444893 20.58376122 23.03291321 1.385212779 1.642070413 6.279589176 53.72330475 17.24854279 20.23381042 5.460992336 3.333352566 11.37038326 12.42993927 34.26167679 41.93799973 37.78482437 18.34911156 43.86606216 47.93916321 3.718768358 35.97505569 12.36700916 48.37493896 16.65766525 7.696053505 19.57528496 7.696053505 57.9971962 30.6468792 7.742689133 3.613228083 25.36369133 12.6953001 21.86865425 4.766348839 19.13912392 3.999523401 12.16736126 45.07147598 8.488526344 22.75847626 12.89902687 1.529395819 1.516954899 7.736147404 64.02413177 12.90122986 14.99267864 8.081964493 20.3503418 3.686548471 18.64503098 45.36725616 8.539673805 2.169028759 0.415488303 0.82662499 47.24676514 10.71308136 9.526531219 32.51362228 64.32205963 3.654846191 19.21780396 3.818303347 8.986985207 24.69734955 38.19028091 10.29945564 6.537356853 4.093980789 16.18157768 46.47655487 12.82950401 3.339920044 7.503062248 14.21895504 15.6320076 37.07674026 44.09246063 18.83080292 60.78436661 21.93157768 12.7761879 4.507863045 36.40056229 6.395518303 38.5997467 11.35215092 0.632603109 5.186770439 1.432647228 23.07093048 15.432374 4.646668911 17.43628883 3.214821815 36.1989212 42.97127533 30.98867607 19.36176491 6.678283691 13.03592968 3.497343779 15.2668972 60.74760818 2.769515753 1.343001485 0.32604 3.013662815 15.44705009 18.02904892 8.59287262 28.38891792 13.66158581 15.88052559 10.12629604 11.21232891 39.10325241 16.21214485 13.93408585 9.411891937 30.38114357 30.08473015 6.74826622 27.59282684 3.555767536 1.637257218 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q26_t Var. label:  Where absentee ballot returned (open‐ended) Question:  Where absentee ballot returned (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q27 Var. label:  How long it took to return mail ballot Question:  Once you got to where you dropped off your ballot, how long did you have to wait before you could deposit your ballot and leave? Percentages: State N Not at all Less than 10 minutes 10‐30 minutes 31 minutes ‐ 1 hour Alabama 2.472777 100 Alaska 11.92547 79.75360107 20.24640656 Arizona 70.67625 94.75374603 5.246251106 Arkansas 1.595085 61.07261658 38.92738342 California 66.35133 79.8779068 15.87042904 1.450848818 2.800824404 Colorado 110.4601 95.32396698 4.676039696 Connecticut 1.331772 100.0000076 Delaware 2.261815 99.99999237 District of Columbia 16.2422 63.79000473 36.20999527 Florida 32.75697 81.14591217 16.55860519 2.295483589 Georgia 6.132369 69.63855743 30.36144447 Hawaii 51.03712 85.3444519 4.558205605 10.09734535 Idaho 11.97387 100 Illinois 10.50198 89.9775238 10.02247906 Indiana 4.835961 100 Iowa 29.75549 90.5979538 9.402043343 Kansas 18.80676 89.77813721 3.721165895 6.500697613 Kentucky 6.267621 89.88027954 10.11971855 Louisiana 4.008914 83.51353455 16.48646164 Maine 14.68584 72.14025116 27.85975075 Maryland 10.72519 69.12010956 30.87988853 Massachusetts 7.728487 88.94338989 11.05661583 Michigan 36.48556 88.23384857 11.76614571 Minnesota 12.81651 100 Mississippi 2.173086 100.0000076 Missouri 4.574481 100 Montana 69.02853 88.76060486 11.23939419 Nebraska 38.62851 97.77875519 2.22123909 Nevada 15.5422 95.45231628 4.5476861 New Hampshire 2.774277 100 New Jersey 15.63918 100 New Mexico 10.76494 73.54418182 26.45581436 New York 5.416416 42.86449814 57.13550186 North Carolina 7.037364 85.20975494 14.79024601 North Dakota 25.87815 95.62918091 4.370817661 Ohio 31.51489 91.08235168 8.917647362 Oklahoma 8.506401 80.79272461 19.20727348 Oregon 120.2584 96.32244873 2.829222679 0.848331511 Pennsylvania 6.59825 69.50804138 15.2064476 15.28551579 Rhode Island 10.33338 89.78462982 10.21536636 South Carolina 8.229503 67.51245117 23.91347694 8.574073792 South Dakota 10.55824 67.0941391 30.5351944 2.370666265 Tennessee 3.093054 70.94241333 29.05758476 Texas 18.50801 94.12052917 5.879472256 Utah 63.91801 90.58944702 8.260855675 1.149702549 Vermont 10.70387 94.40880585 5.591198921 Virginia 9.559571 100.0000076 Washington 114.9714 91.49111176 8.508893013 West Virginia 5.444374 68.51834869 31.48165131 Wisconsin 5.13253 55.61289215 44.38711166 Wyoming 16.48774 89.23189545 3.421245337 7.346859932 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q27_t Var. label:  How long it took to return mail ballot (open‐ended) Question:  How long it took to return mail ballot (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q28 Var. label:  Convenience of drop‐off location Question:  Select the statement that best applies to why you decided to deposit your ballot where you did. Percentages: It was close, or on my  It was convenient to  way, to where I had  State N my work or school. It was close to my home. errands to run. Alabama 2.472777 100 Alaska 11.92547 23.91851234 76.08148956 Arizona 69.54164 19.78779602 55.71587753 24.49633408 Arkansas 1.595085 38.92738342 61.07261658 California 65.38867 21.59836388 37.7204895 40.68114471 Colorado 109.6758 15.00514698 53.66539764 31.32946014 Connecticut 1.331772 100.0000076 Delaware 2.261815 33.74373245 66.25626373 District of Columbia 16.68912 53.60512924 41.41293335 4.981944084 Florida 37.61663 10.15315533 72.42444611 17.42239952 Georgia 6.132369 29.35180664 56.90048599 13.74770355 Hawaii 50.25096 38.32465744 37.34186554 24.33347321 Idaho 11.37461 21.55042076 27.51399803 50.93557739 Illinois 10.50198 9.665318489 74.1544342 16.18024826 Indiana 4.835961 26.97308922 73.02690887 Iowa 30.98799 36.01012421 34.7928009 29.19707108 Kansas 20.46319 8.756491661 53.79887009 37.4446373 Kentucky 5.258095 66.98687744 33.01311874 Louisiana 4.008914 29.27570724 70.72428894 Maine 15.22634 15.97084236 35.85043335 48.17872238 Maryland 10.72519 12.16166973 49.57125473 38.26707458 Massachusetts 8.545781 68.0451889 23.54008293 8.414726257 Michigan 36.02439 4.169106483 58.63779068 37.19309616 Minnesota 11.89031 57.77055359 22.94396591 19.28547668 Mississippi 2.173086 18.85955429 81.14044952 Missouri 3.728343 69.63977814 30.36022377 Montana 66.41691 13.93611526 38.89961243 47.16427994 Nebraska 38.6285 31.95920944 31.74022293 36.30057144 Nevada 15.5422 17.08438683 56.41889191 26.49671936 New Hampshire 2.774277 80.63441467 19.36558723 New Jersey 15.63918 20.19260025 45.32164764 34.48575211 New Mexico 10.76494 31.21121025 43.54549789 25.24328995 New York 5.416416 11.55818558 35.52567673 52.91614151 North Carolina 6.314533 31.67190361 51.84479523 16.48329926 North Dakota 23.41498 35.01641464 26.85741997 38.1261673 Ohio 30.49705 31.49215698 40.66568756 27.84214783 Oklahoma 8.506401 24.30269432 50.73906708 24.95823288 Oregon 118.5645 12.89616489 41.64965439 45.45418167 Pennsylvania 6.598251 41.93326569 44.74473953 13.32199383 Rhode Island 10.33338 44.37252808 6.590607643 49.03686142 South Carolina 7.523899 71.57909393 28.42090416 South Dakota 10.55824 26.75938797 36.17873764 37.06186676 Tennessee 3.093054 29.05758476 70.94241333 Texas 17.51092 12.81305218 55.0464592 32.1404953 Utah 60.46488 27.79729462 45.96776962 26.23493195 Vermont 10.70387 12.3215847 50.22986603 37.44855118 Virginia 9.559572 48.6411171 36.30909729 15.0497818 Washington 114.9714 13.23894978 43.46872711 43.29232407 West Virginia 4.565591 16.86987686 61.63985443 21.4902668 Wisconsin 5.13253 34.22690582 65.77309418 Wyoming 15.02273 8.682718277 64.9937973 26.32348251 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q29 Var. label:  Why mail ballot dropped off Question:  Earlier you answered that you personally dropped off your ballot at an official location. Why did you decide to do that, rather than mail the ballot back in? This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q30 Var. label:  Why mail ballot mailed back Question:  Earlier you answered that you mailed your ballot back. Why did you decide to do that, rather than return your ballot personally to an official location? This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q31 Var. label:  When absentee ballot returned Question:  To the best of your memory, when was your ballot returned? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Percentages: N On Election Day A few days before Election Day The week before Election Day More than a week before Election Day 5.092776 12.83108616 87.16891479 21.49912 58.92964172 2.470229626 38.60013199 116.9127 4.258363247 7.182623863 14.61768818 73.94132233 5.136209 27.87937737 72.12062836 91.24821 12.78590965 14.92297554 22.68146324 49.60964966 147.3393 4.14601469 23.53973579 17.00538635 55.30886078 4.748517 55.56809616 44.43190765 7.734001 100 19.39044 10.49244976 14.96034527 74.54720306 68.5941 1.413518786 4.595179558 12.58381271 81.40748596 16.13204 5.225996017 38.75490952 56.01909256 98.30714 1.038841963 2.867159843 29.74249649 66.35150146 18.83565 18.07234764 18.95765877 62.96998978 20.07439 4.898293018 29.27754784 14.92493057 50.89922714 8.893033 99.99999237 59.15743 8.907800674 18.68325043 72.40895081 32.70058 16.99748802 26.37396812 56.62854385 8.220912 11.48005581 22.23911095 66.28083038 7.616528 10.92390823 18.81783104 70.25826263 34.6803 6.098935127 27.76698112 66.13408661 12.4134 42.42992401 57.57007217 12.78602 6.683150768 30.06637383 63.25046921 50.78271 1.580955982 21.64193535 25.52062416 51.25648499 22.47446 7.321046352 26.75135422 65.92759705 3.671253 34.99686813 65.00313568 10.57308 43.87514877 56.12485123 118.5063 11.49029827 29.07029343 59.43940735 56.64687 1.423653007 14.87955379 12.61933708 71.07745361 20.96117 7.601918221 28.7906723 63.60741043 10.83889 41.15368271 58.84632111 33.19418 7.855278969 92.14472198 21.29 17.77282143 27.48700142 54.74018478 10.07137 13.67088223 23.24366188 63.08545303 12.19821 39.19867325 60.80132675 43.50246 16.6940937 34.50463486 48.80127335 63.58633 5.182931423 9.105650902 85.71141815 16.79415 5.129713058 25.94771767 68.9225769 169.9033 7.701434612 20.99640846 27.96707344 43.33507919 8.350549 12.01549149 12.07796764 75.90653992 14.61382 21.96298027 15.88527584 62.15174484 21.05228 9.347966194 7.449451923 83.20258331 14.36006 4.558163643 9.246094704 86.19573975 6.245006 14.39176846 16.68218994 68.92604065 19.87508 8.787182808 34.08164978 57.13116837 115.4829 6.404046535 14.03176689 25.73799515 53.82619095 22.40907 41.19124603 22.37336922 36.43537903 14.97665 19.83225632 11.10068989 69.06705475 172.7478 5.245148182 34.97732544 22.37017632 37.40734863 12.13531 6.346848965 23.93666458 10.38567924 59.33080673 16.3497 14.25495052 9.498617172 76.24643707 27.48234 30.87974358 15.93663025 53.18362427 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q32 Var. label:  Ease filling out absentee ballot Question:  Overall, how easy was it to follow all the instructions necessary to cast your ballot and return it to be counted? Percentages: State N Very easy Somewhat easy Somewhat hard Very hard Alabama 5.092776 50.1277504 49.87225342 Alaska 22.03504 87.12457275 12.87543011 Arizona 117.6234 87.88180542 9.937139511 1.241755843 0.939304709 Arkansas 5.136209 100.0000076 California 93.84216 80.35462189 18.17460632 1.470767617 Colorado 149.9095 87.38699341 10.40356731 1.572082162 0.637355208 Connecticut 4.748517 51.74176407 48.25823593 Delaware 7.734001 100 District of Columbia 19.39044 81.37397003 18.62602806 Florida 68.2241 82.9434433 17.05656052 Georgia 16.13204 67.70687866 26.33008003 5.963036537 Hawaii 101.2086 78.06929779 21.93070602 Idaho 18.83565 100 Illinois 20.07439 94.75670624 5.243291378 Indiana 8.893033 99.99999237 Iowa 62.27367 84.58911896 10.45756054 4.953322411 Kansas 35.42043 97.25253296 2.747464657 Kentucky 8.220912 62.5496254 37.4503746 Louisiana 7.616528 92.1060791 7.893921852 Maine 34.6803 91.60410309 8.395898819 Maryland 12.4134 74.39054871 25.60944939 Massachusetts 12.78602 61.93237305 38.06763077 Michigan 51.95739 85.12054443 14.87945461 Minnesota 23.5662 76.87716675 23.12282753 Mississippi 3.671253 59.19194794 16.97452545 23.83352852 Missouri 10.57308 100 Montana 121.5052 96.22985077 3.770154476 Nebraska 57.8697 90.56565094 9.434350967 Nevada 20.96117 96.66664886 3.333352566 New Hampshire 11.65647 100 New Jersey 34.7989 79.97106171 14.27352142 5.755424976 New Mexico 21.29 91.38776398 8.612230301 New York 10.07137 92.5160141 7.483986378 North Carolina 12.19821 77.73848724 22.26151466 North Dakota 45.19395 84.66439819 10.70415211 4.631448746 Ohio 65.58378 89.04172516 10.95828056 Oklahoma 16.79415 71.60364532 22.43672752 5.959619045 Oregon 172.3694 95.06167603 4.348357201 0.589967072 Pennsylvania 8.350549 77.04048157 22.95951843 Rhode Island 15.29485 89.7027359 10.2972641 South Carolina 21.05228 95.38610077 4.613892555 South Dakota 14.36006 89.68180847 10.31819248 Tennessee 6.245006 75.58467102 24.41533089 Texas 22.11876 78.74656677 21.25343895 Utah 118.1572 81.41981506 17.09072876 1.48945415 Vermont 22.40907 97.82282257 2.177170753 Virginia 14.97665 71.49558258 14.24138355 5.396812916 8.866223335 Washington 174.5594 90.3484726 9.651530266 West Virginia 12.13531 89.30667114 10.69332504 Wisconsin 16.3497 81.37787628 14.18665314 4.435469151 Wyoming 27.48234 84.81552887 15.18446922 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q33 Var. label:  Confidence (your vote) Question:  How confident are you that your vote in the General Election was counted as you intended? Percentages: State N Very confident Somewhat confident Not too confident Not at all confident Alabama 175.6544 67.77873993 25.5513649 4.954809666 1.715086579 Alaska 163.1793 75.47085571 16.32224464 4.427125931 3.779780865 Arizona 182.6367 57.5968895 34.61158752 6.52852726 1.26300168 Arkansas 162.3259 68.43343353 25.46039009 3.159012318 2.947155476 California 171.5922 61.74827194 25.67426872 9.36644268 3.211021662 Colorado 188.361 72.15641022 22.66410637 3.465651274 1.713824034 Connecticut 177.8167 75.50295258 21.38282585 1.38025701 1.733961821 Delaware 184.3291 70.81076813 22.57283974 5.190881252 1.425513268 District of Columbia 172.7129 77.19261169 17.86929703 0.500717521 4.437375546 Florida 166.8737 58.88216782 29.76232529 6.210886478 5.14462471 Georgia 169.8564 61.64125824 31.86879921 3.641669273 2.84828043 Hawaii 178.869 58.9087677 31.08770561 1.875813723 8.12770462 Idaho 184.6581 76.41944885 17.87961006 3.007961273 2.692984343 Illinois 180.2269 72.28208923 22.77975845 2.211770296 2.726375341 Indiana 180.2076 69.24539185 24.19812775 5.898513794 0.657965422 Iowa 179.8025 65.81942749 27.45387268 4.146279812 2.580421209 Kansas 169.452 62.50495148 30.80511856 3.362990618 3.32693553 Kentucky 176.9134 78.46468353 17.19204903 2.836945534 1.506320477 Louisiana 171.3442 65.88995361 20.58246803 4.92658329 8.600996971 Maine 186.3711 75.7117157 19.7923851 3.299465656 1.196434498 Maryland 175.8354 62.73499298 30.95191765 4.090569496 2.222520113 Massachusetts 183.3378 74.25753784 18.9555378 3.300935268 3.485996246 Michigan 171.8609 60.09947586 33.26888657 6.30030632 0.331334144 Minnesota 185.9073 67.94642639 28.74726105 2.874197721 0.432120711 Mississippi 167.5754 65.43798828 26.27543831 5.67790556 2.608672142 Missouri 183.3003 63.4263649 29.95600319 4.533024788 2.084604263 Montana 190.4396 76.27566528 18.80402374 3.143084764 1.77723074 Nebraska 185.1122 70.61829376 22.20726395 4.740945339 2.433490753 Nevada 179.7069 66.25547028 28.58653069 2.94599247 2.212008953 New Hampshire 191.8354 72.97895813 23.31440926 1.440875649 2.265749931 New Jersey 184.381 59.48334885 33.53193283 4.762841225 2.221883297 New Mexico 183.9019 65.49980164 27.87984848 2.858827591 3.761520386 New York 176.7326 63.79760361 31.97731209 3.349982023 0.875095367 North Carolina 171.9477 60.81823349 30.93588066 2.610662937 5.63522768 North Dakota 174.2128 82.94483185 15.52476406 1.197420716 0.332986653 Ohio 174.8879 66.01564789 26.89874077 4.835216999 2.250386 Oklahoma 172.5323 79.21494293 15.54703999 1.316117883 3.921901226 Oregon 181.1903 75.56164551 22.18974495 1.860042691 0.388559937 Pennsylvania 174.7895 74.47771454 23.26021576 1.501004457 0.761069715 Rhode Island 173.926 71.92298126 25.38304329 2.693968058 South Carolina 180.1565 57.86991882 33.91763306 5.513572693 2.69887042 South Dakota 181.3985 79.59574127 15.20869923 5.195559502 Tennessee 165.5714 67.53125 23.45254326 5.018517971 3.99768734 Texas 162.2126 69.55081177 23.51348305 4.795296192 2.140405416 Utah 182.9831 64.42900085 29.78546143 5.127028465 0.658504426 Vermont 177.3582 81.50830078 15.14807606 2.705768108 0.63785243 Virginia 173.6355 68.327034 26.96380043 2.851495028 1.857671618 Washington 188.0192 63.93106461 29.85628128 3.620952606 2.591695786 West Virginia 163.4077 79.12866974 17.15423965 2.204500914 1.51258707 Wisconsin 173.0018 75.22389221 20.2468586 3.151264906 1.37797451 Wyoming 182.6868 76.18170929 19.01429558 3.259479046 1.544521332 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q34 Var. label:  Confidence (county) Question:  Think about vote counting throughout your county or city, and not just your own personal situation. How confident are you that votes in your county or city were counted as voters intended? Percentages: State N Very confident Somewhat confident Not too confident Not at all confident Alabama 194.0509 54.53448486 36.98464203 6.106754303 2.37412262 Alaska 193.7265 60.46239471 26.38855553 7.194675446 5.954378128 Arizona 190.8565 46.50684738 38.83116531 10.9140873 3.747895002 Arkansas 190.154 56.2312355 33.53163528 7.721271992 2.515852928 California 190.2608 56.93507767 32.09542084 5.553861618 5.415640831 Colorado 191.4057 62.8159523 29.28261948 5.889238834 2.012194395 Connecticut 195.221 61.84053802 32.6077652 3.632125854 1.919570446 Delaware 189.6376 65.18512726 29.47029305 4.275579929 1.068998814 District of Columbia 188.7519 71.57319641 20.19859123 5.214709759 3.013495684 Florida 185.2742 51.45087814 35.63191986 8.034834862 4.88236618 Georgia 182.3094 57.08237839 33.11789703 7.276495457 2.523239374 Hawaii 192.7103 48.78476334 39.73502731 4.869091511 6.611122131 Idaho 197.3896 65.85330963 27.54885292 4.036421776 2.561410189 Illinois 195.3259 61.284935 31.54571533 3.426306248 3.743051052 Indiana 188.4462 61.99684906 31.26112175 5.598193169 1.143833995 Iowa 193.3499 59.02433014 32.864254 3.989163876 4.122249603 Kansas 185.1379 56.67629623 33.94099808 7.681315422 1.701387644 Kentucky 189.1835 66.46824646 27.27177429 4.390105724 1.869869471 Louisiana 181.9308 58.79682159 28.60114479 8.760814667 3.84122777 Maine 188.2251 70.64297485 25.63314819 3.243627548 0.480244994 Maryland 192.045 52.16572571 35.06129837 10.75574398 2.017229319 Massachusetts 197.3235 64.03971863 26.60355186 3.601056576 5.755672932 Michigan 189.8811 50.01865387 39.27145004 9.6714468 1.038446069 Minnesota 192.529 61.71372604 32.64401245 3.856973648 1.785282135 Mississippi 192.2235 57.78628159 29.34843636 9.485712051 3.379572153 Missouri 189.8729 60.43438721 32.01570892 6.060285568 1.48962009 Montana 196.5691 71.65365601 23.3783989 3.246136427 1.721811891 Nebraska 197.9525 61.87770462 32.04920578 4.817581177 1.255505085 Nevada 189.7604 56.60656738 34.58320999 6.775667191 2.03456521 New Hampshire 195.1132 66.05747223 29.15012169 2.564710617 2.22768569 194.3938 53.30063248 40.03741074 3.59766674 3.064300537 New Jersey New Mexico 196.2407 51.46625519 36.15429688 8.70743084 3.672018051 New York 191.0983 53.40222931 39.48942947 4.530658245 2.577681065 North Carolina 194.0836 45.56687546 41.28836441 8.398917198 4.745853424 North Dakota 197.94 70.13356018 24.48513031 3.56044507 1.820861578 Ohio 190.1137 56.51065826 30.73424149 9.06596756 3.689136267 Oklahoma 187.8081 71.00685883 18.5399189 3.976531029 6.476684093 Oregon 189.1848 69.72088623 27.64277458 2.264195204 0.372140408 Pennsylvania 193.0368 57.32567596 36.003685 3.81088376 2.859750748 Rhode Island 187.9327 60.79080963 30.83214569 6.603144646 1.773897529 South Carolina 195.3336 48.24459839 41.86419296 7.688167095 2.203036785 South Dakota 198.1857 70.81467438 22.32574654 4.092644215 2.76693368 Tennessee 192.493 58.78729248 30.04945946 5.170730591 5.992519855 Texas 191.6083 51.52084351 35.38771057 9.908989906 3.182450533 Utah 193.0561 60.25816345 33.45266724 6.289172173 Vermont 196.9418 71.32700348 17.48644257 8.503608704 2.682939291 Virginia 190.7009 57.96435547 33.94090652 6.650099277 1.444639921 Washington 194.2661 57.79825974 34.05327988 5.822822094 2.325641632 West Virginia 189.8268 68.77579498 24.90712547 4.331397533 1.985679865 Wisconsin 189.8068 60.60970306 28.89474869 5.634105682 4.861442566 Wyoming 189.2646 73.31819153 21.02845764 5.108322144 0.545030057 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q35 Var. label:  Confidence (state) Question:  Now, think about vote counting throughout . How confident are you that votes in  were counted as voters intended? Percentages: State N Very confident Somewhat confident Not too confident Not at all confident Alabama 191.8117 47.74009705 41.11117554 7.632852077 3.515878677 Alaska 194.2772 50.2904129 29.51417351 9.639904022 10.55550861 Arizona 188.4378 36.78816605 43.04750061 15.45325661 4.711078644 Arkansas 192.9599 41.91513824 44.99969482 9.386246681 3.698918343 California 186.9319 50.24747849 31.38993645 9.410079002 8.952504158 Colorado 191.1799 54.80453491 34.75016403 8.049934387 2.395365477 Connecticut 191.0662 50.13752365 40.24276733 8.24671936 1.372984409 Delaware 189.2715 63.99550629 28.69743729 5.379440308 1.927622676 District of Columbia 192.1925 67.80117035 19.7175808 10.27474403 2.206505299 Florida 182.4255 33.69903946 45.45415878 14.04135323 6.805444717 Georgia 184.6297 43.84040451 43.42692947 8.85312748 3.879548788 Hawaii 193.9259 47.73531342 39.28610229 4.917944431 8.060641289 Idaho 193.9721 62.36032104 30.79768372 4.646580219 2.19542098 Illinois 194.4236 48.30912018 35.10339737 8.502223969 8.085254669 Indiana 192.0274 53.36401367 37.87488556 6.843794823 1.917301655 Iowa 192.3055 51.86254501 41.50987244 2.481121778 4.146454334 Kansas 180.2171 49.11945343 41.0150795 7.224580288 2.640883684 Kentucky 188.322 55.9080925 33.72211838 7.23819685 3.131593466 Louisiana 184.2181 47.01629257 32.55824661 13.73437405 6.691082954 Maine 190.5788 53.04499435 39.72038269 6.76031208 0.474313915 Maryland 190.9749 42.68133163 45.24887848 8.922151566 3.147638321 Massachusetts 195.2953 63.06634903 27.06636047 5.362322807 4.504966259 Michigan 191.3928 33.03581619 43.92661667 19.88162804 3.15593648 Minnesota 194.8793 46.87952423 38.15991974 14.16915226 0.791412592 Mississippi 189.9638 52.87223053 32.06494522 5.973402023 9.089424133 Missouri 191.7611 45.10321426 43.91127777 9.080945969 1.90456295 Montana 198.11 62.10455322 30.8299942 5.132790565 1.932665944 Nebraska 192.4574 58.00843048 36.93025589 5.061314106 Nevada 185.1942 51.31409454 36.32640457 10.60042858 1.759078503 New Hampshire 195.1132 59.3259201 34.2137413 3.291331053 3.169016838 New Jersey 195.3307 47.07514572 40.30459213 7.613095284 5.007167339 New Mexico 196.1909 38.9925766 45.89661407 11.12045574 3.9903543 New York 190.7654 46.05122757 39.3914299 10.93301392 3.62433219 North Carolina 195.2096 28.78864861 42.35671616 20.88264275 7.971988678 North Dakota 197.9263 73.0167923 20.83097649 4.331249714 1.820987582 Ohio 191.8506 43.73583221 39.62211609 10.30922031 6.332825661 Oklahoma 186.2128 68.41297913 23.51815224 5.556637764 2.512234926 Oregon 192.3255 61.80988312 30.32088089 6.676301003 1.192938924 Pennsylvania 187.172 41.01337051 39.62403488 12.84149265 6.521100044 Rhode Island 184.3646 52.22850418 35.70383453 10.28305626 1.784611821 South Carolina 194.873 42.48624039 43.83900452 10.41657734 3.258174658 South Dakota 197.5384 58.96264267 32.95523834 6.50996542 1.572151542 Tennessee 187.1409 52.3140564 35.87990189 5.242704391 6.563338757 Texas 192.6713 39.99383545 38.8602562 15.86310863 5.282793999 Utah 193.317 56.04025269 36.06666565 6.538199425 1.354883194 Vermont 199.3865 62.91191101 32.0561676 4.251675606 0.780250549 Virginia 190.1454 48.56595993 37.288311 10.89081001 3.254923344 Washington 193.6379 48.62669754 37.60705948 10.89004421 2.876196861 West Virginia 195.4931 58.2883873 33.68070602 6.290204048 1.740700483 Wisconsin 189.8839 44.7229538 37.89783859 12.78701782 4.592193604 Wyoming 197.7409 68.94948578 24.94172096 5.587128162 0.521667123 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q36 Var. label:  Confidence (nationwide) Question:  Finally, think about vote counting throughout the country. How confident are you that votes nationwide were counted as voters intended? Percentages: State N Very confident Somewhat confident Not too confident Not at all confident Alabama 189.4794 27.23651123 40.42971802 23.24138451 9.092391014 Alaska 191.6292 33.86632156 35.85223007 16.83820343 13.44324398 Arizona 190.1858 20.7511158 55.62467957 16.3324852 7.29172039 Arkansas 192.2886 28.78676796 43.94427109 17.00048637 10.26847267 California 187.0476 33.0329361 38.42856979 16.92903328 11.60946465 Colorado 190.2274 25.68847275 46.17924118 18.90018082 9.232110023 Connecticut 196.2913 27.69457054 48.09943771 13.66821861 10.53777599 Delaware 189.4707 32.18526459 40.27460098 18.89733696 8.642805099 District of Columbia 193.2056 40.52148438 31.15776062 18.85338211 9.467380524 Florida 180.6235 28.39921951 42.6871109 19.073349 9.840315819 Georgia 187.015 25.47430801 49.45024872 16.56464958 8.510800362 Hawaii 193.2271 26.43883133 54.17690277 13.1679287 6.216331959 Idaho 196.5416 29.63240433 49.87937927 13.81531715 6.672902107 Illinois 192.2677 38.6184082 37.20811081 13.43967724 10.73381042 Indiana 190.795 33.87935638 44.84681702 16.50528526 4.76853466 Iowa 190.5093 26.18710899 43.7362175 20.82732201 9.249355316 Kansas 189.7731 20.32019234 50.62360001 23.3181591 5.738056183 Kentucky 184.7562 33.9108429 41.82904053 15.77563 8.484495163 Louisiana 181.4741 29.05361938 42.28213501 19.98644829 8.677797318 Maine 187.1473 28.08683014 45.31701279 18.93200111 7.66415596 Maryland 181.8906 29.19758224 42.39288712 20.11620712 8.293321609 Massachusetts 189.8594 29.62134933 42.68086243 16.59443092 11.10335922 Michigan 191.2233 27.09136009 46.63640213 16.9255867 9.346651077 Minnesota 192.8255 27.43633842 44.02881622 21.69555092 6.839291096 Mississippi 187.6598 27.57581139 46.37200165 15.81414413 10.23803711 Missouri 185.772 31.39562988 48.2434082 15.12020493 5.240755558 Montana 191.5878 30.39910126 43.08234787 18.18519402 8.333356857 Nebraska 193.5427 26.48205376 53.38259888 12.53260517 7.602753639 Nevada 187.1244 31.66615486 46.23354721 13.29589748 8.804397583 New Hampshire 191.5445 33.65058899 45.30940247 15.60991287 5.430091858 New Jersey 194.0913 24.63126564 45.61977768 22.98377419 6.765182018 New Mexico 192.2681 20.13027191 41.1933403 26.98579788 11.690588 New York 191.1694 26.96994591 44.2615509 21.4559536 7.312544346 North Carolina 195.2096 28.39598846 45.05302429 16.82834435 9.722640991 North Dakota 194.6639 30.672966 42.94662857 19.70075989 6.6796422 Ohio 190.5292 32.33314514 44.02138901 15.47089195 8.174572945 Oklahoma 190.3289 28.03935432 40.9553833 20.8649807 10.14028358 Oregon 187.2096 27.30638123 46.14628601 18.90575218 7.641578197 Pennsylvania 187.3222 30.45587921 46.08446121 16.88787651 6.571786404 Rhode Island 180.8857 30.57575798 45.40615463 14.90692234 9.111171722 South Carolina 194.9765 25.08047295 47.7540741 19.28252029 7.88293457 South Dakota 192.9424 25.68280411 45.63804245 18.01733589 10.6618185 Tennessee 182.8765 31.05504227 44.78032684 16.17977333 7.984862328 Texas 187.462 28.81913757 39.00965881 19.43881798 12.73238087 Utah 190.3862 29.36158371 47.22653961 16.79744339 6.614425182 Vermont 197.0798 21.73092651 42.80060577 21.43207741 14.03639412 Virginia 186.3299 30.87791252 47.05041504 13.37163067 8.700044632 Washington 187.3282 25.79766464 49.07442093 17.00721359 8.120705605 192.6897 36.32214355 36.45000076 18.04306412 9.184790611 West Virginia Wisconsin 185.6315 27.51718712 43.59633636 18.236269 10.65021324 Wyoming 195.776 28.26552582 42.18114853 22.32373238 7.229589939 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q37a Var. label:  Illegal activities: People voting more than once in an election Question:  The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Percentages: State N It is very common It occurs occasionally It occurs infrequently It almost never occurs Alabama 152.0549 9.587141037 14.18921757 19.15982628 57.06381226 Alaska 149.0155 2.72832346 14.95904636 18.9299221 63.3827095 Arizona 153.2898 8.434741974 26.5285759 22.29454803 42.74213409 Arkansas 151.7625 11.13375568 16.20835114 21.28993607 51.36795807 California 156.0083 20.07932663 12.54249763 19.5901947 47.78798676 Colorado 171.3891 9.277793884 14.86273384 19.70874405 56.15072632 Connecticut 170.178 9.015338898 21.15855789 15.04677391 54.77933121 Delaware 152.8225 4.689267159 23.20328522 13.31440639 58.79303741 District of Columbia 164.1025 7.607908249 7.854787827 11.4750843 73.06222534 Florida 143.1203 14.76479244 15.82216358 18.72551346 50.68753433 Georgia 139.8644 10.12245655 26.23824692 15.15049648 48.48880005 Hawaii 156.3042 2.397721291 15.91955662 19.95159149 61.73113632 Idaho 165.3814 6.836860657 20.63070488 15.32586765 57.20656586 Illinois 162.7785 9.60428524 16.78793144 20.59006882 53.01770782 Indiana 140.6547 5.473562717 16.73092461 21.00367355 56.79184341 Iowa 168.0197 10.25814056 18.0122242 17.78886604 53.94076538 Kansas 158.0537 4.318772793 13.32470512 19.69164658 62.66487503 Kentucky 150.3859 8.281807899 23.00951385 14.93109703 53.77758408 Louisiana 140.8113 11.33996105 17.78662109 18.2532692 52.62015533 Maine 156.3342 5.62237215 12.7346983 15.15126801 66.49166107 Maryland 142.8348 10.09474468 12.81554794 24.03220749 53.05750275 Massachusetts 161.6857 6.853014946 13.45013046 15.53006458 64.16678619 Michigan 150.7367 4.654050827 14.38030243 17.82806778 63.13758087 Minnesota 160.3592 7.273229599 11.96617889 21.24106407 59.51953125 Mississippi 158.0279 9.769358635 18.95318031 23.49583626 47.78162766 Missouri 157.6645 7.261404514 21.77457809 16.41419601 54.54981995 Montana 167.174 4.293412685 18.74160576 14.30587959 62.65909576 Nebraska 159.3074 6.791577816 14.67441177 20.40081406 58.13319778 Nevada 150.3354 9.053199768 21.08907318 19.12859726 50.72912979 New Hampshire 164.3563 4.977272987 14.75058746 18.5764122 61.69573212 New Jersey 167.5631 3.52255249 22.69417953 19.43945122 54.34381485 New Mexico 156.9597 8.21035862 23.72748756 15.75393772 52.30821228 New York 149.7505 7.009547234 13.82795525 14.90918255 64.25331879 North Carolina 151.522 14.64950466 25.23954391 19.95879364 40.15215302 North Dakota 162.2908 3.199501753 11.21582222 16.39254761 69.19213104 Ohio 157.0886 3.63350296 23.95134735 20.03712463 52.37802505 Oklahoma 150.0022 8.747447968 10.33968639 21.84662247 59.0662384 Oregon 164.9409 4.476634979 22.27252197 18.29208565 54.95875931 Pennsylvania 144.7716 10.02245331 18.30225754 15.97171593 55.7035675 Rhode Island 147.4373 5.93362236 19.68412971 14.62789059 59.75435638 South Carolina 144.8164 14.82307816 26.52051544 15.63462543 43.02178192 South Dakota 178.9817 5.459710598 11.69942856 14.25788784 68.58296967 Tennessee 154.6994 5.695407391 14.4689846 15.86713505 63.96847916 Texas 160.6031 12.37680626 20.45091248 18.15504646 49.0172348 Utah 167.4036 4.645857811 14.91720676 17.99182701 62.44510651 Vermont 164.9557 1.104404449 10.82376575 11.60453796 76.46729279 Virginia 173.2009 9.873529434 18.6246891 17.7108078 53.79097366 Washington 175.0308 7.364805222 18.48367119 23.0519619 51.09955978 West Virginia 149.8897 7.526507854 12.25464725 23.63081551 56.58803177 Wisconsin 168.8024 5.799458027 13.4055891 21.92149925 58.87345505 Wyoming 160.4631 8.07963562 11.89613152 11.87165356 68.15258026 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q37b Var. label:  Illegal activities: People stealing or tampering with ballots that have been voted Question:  The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Percentages: State N It is very common It occurs occasionally It occurs infrequently It almost never occurs Alabama 148.4049 10.76209641 23.45413017 24.75374031 41.03003311 Alaska 145.9955 5.861384869 16.26132011 20.4979763 57.37931824 Arizona 154.3916 11.80415154 21.85478973 25.28179932 41.05926132 Arkansas 148.9563 8.68068409 18.56562805 15.31589794 57.43778992 California 157.4642 13.21575737 22.70941162 19.87358093 44.20124435 Colorado 158.0671 5.024029732 15.87280655 18.28711319 60.81605148 Connecticut 164.2092 5.833660603 23.11198997 14.46473885 56.58960342 Delaware 150.7958 8.956618309 14.28742218 12.96394539 63.79201508 District of Columbia 171.654 10.4418354 7.296491146 17.16389847 65.09777832 Florida 138.4909 12.18922043 22.0927887 22.64756393 43.07042694 Georgia 137.539 8.569754601 21.6599884 20.20183563 49.5684166 Hawaii 162.1232 6.710990429 8.46329689 28.50751305 56.31820297 Idaho 162.3211 3.639959097 18.78806114 13.30042744 64.27154541 Illinois 163.923 9.596372604 16.68260765 19.98754501 53.73347855 Indiana 137.4635 5.159146309 16.2997551 23.94948578 54.59161758 Iowa 157.5597 9.202952385 12.80855083 14.50127506 63.48722458 Kansas 153.7065 3.365355253 13.07760048 20.52760315 63.02944565 Kentucky 142.1832 7.788849831 24.36927032 15.18716431 52.65471649 Louisiana 141.7189 11.49775219 19.20080757 16.64476967 52.65667725 Maine 151.6586 3.684152365 14.37488174 20.86560059 61.07536697 Maryland 144.775 8.157725334 11.2903614 19.28260803 61.26930618 Massachusetts 158.0923 6.982845306 12.52257919 12.9530611 67.54151917 Michigan 147.0644 6.852066517 15.6832943 18.89959145 58.5650444 Minnesota 152.8042 3.516391277 10.81303024 22.94547653 62.72510147 Mississippi 156.5905 11.42083645 19.12358856 18.24118614 51.21438599 Missouri 154.3606 7.097738743 15.24033546 18.11794853 59.54397202 Montana 162.176 5.928965569 17.13123512 13.12594223 63.81385422 Nebraska 160.6103 7.779434204 16.51935577 17.30858421 58.39262772 Nevada 151.0183 8.633394241 12.95845509 19.74967194 58.6584816 New Hampshire 166.1192 2.001093388 12.67386913 14.89461422 70.43042755 New Jersey 163.1308 3.939492226 14.22625637 23.42716789 58.4070816 New Mexico 153.7292 7.591127396 18.76222229 21.13953209 52.50711823 New York 148.5156 8.509610176 13.70023727 16.62975883 61.16039658 North Carolina 143.6181 12.35739136 20.63964462 20.06056976 46.94239044 North Dakota 170.0212 2.634057045 7.050999641 21.85749054 68.45745087 Ohio 156.0635 5.510518551 16.40899849 26.62637901 51.45410156 Oklahoma 146.5038 8.030251503 12.74406433 13.03625679 66.18942261 Oregon 164.716 7.901860237 21.28693199 17.78068352 53.03052139 Pennsylvania 142.2384 8.349964142 17.66638565 17.23783493 56.74582291 Rhode Island 146.7129 4.684044361 24.76768684 17.21781349 53.33045959 South Carolina 143.8257 12.06958008 25.8361187 17.91358376 44.18072128 South Dakota 164.1578 5.388080597 12.1352644 11.92714119 70.54951477 Tennessee 153.7914 10.55800247 12.81686306 12.92481995 63.70031357 Texas 153.7034 10.19543743 14.19213486 26.85041046 48.7620163 Utah 166.6089 4.66933012 15.37624931 21.58599663 58.36842728 Vermont 169.0214 3.916970253 8.405777931 14.20120335 73.47605133 Virginia 165.1908 7.251873016 17.84629059 17.45828247 57.44355011 Washington 162.6925 5.470317841 23.33278084 24.02563095 47.17127228 West Virginia 148.6802 7.473568916 21.43092728 15.39095306 55.70455551 Wisconsin 164.8861 9.999230385 8.870556831 18.4538517 62.67635727 Wyoming 160.4931 2.10789752 8.437833786 17.31545448 72.13881683 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q37c Var. label:  Illegal activities :People pretending to be someone else when going to vote Question:  The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Percentages: State N It is very common It occurs occasionally It occurs infrequently It almost never occurs Alabama 144.9027 9.484143257 18.8350563 20.78168297 50.89912033 Alaska 144.978 4.478415012 14.08321667 21.12333298 60.31503296 Arizona 159.8786 7.619548321 29.04901314 22.20996857 41.12147141 Arkansas 148.4726 12.7301445 19.43761635 14.44747543 53.384758 California 159.1349 16.57826614 20.91940308 19.85188866 42.65044785 Colorado 163.3641 5.574834824 22.60833931 16.1870079 55.62981796 Connecticut 162.5795 5.571888924 23.08183289 19.45547295 51.89080811 Delaware 153.5367 4.914736748 24.01037788 15.06236362 56.01251984 District of Columbia 165.393 7.534652233 10.66153431 23.94118881 57.86262512 Florida 148.004 12.98139668 21.89380836 21.86952591 43.25526428 Georgia 139.6123 10.76412678 21.87512207 18.31772804 49.04301834 Hawaii 157.9154 5.484864712 11.88309574 36.84569931 45.78633881 Idaho 163.0033 10.4411211 17.25892448 15.81227207 56.48768616 Illinois 171.7911 11.58836651 21.55084801 16.89894676 49.96183777 Indiana 140.5041 2.867652178 20.13916969 22.86757088 54.12560654 Iowa 154.2456 9.217624664 17.32386971 17.13508034 56.32342911 Kansas 154.8361 2.742689133 18.15756226 17.86350441 61.2362442 Kentucky 148.4331 9.373046875 16.82439995 22.28251839 51.5200386 Louisiana 142.011 10.95953465 19.41486931 17.34902191 52.27657318 Maine 158.3338 3.855258942 12.52791595 27.50245094 56.11437225 Maryland 150.4934 5.240141869 18.01667023 25.56547737 51.17770767 Massachusetts 163.3761 6.920532227 14.67124653 15.34169102 63.06652832 Michigan 155.9118 6.292889595 18.80131912 18.00385284 56.90193939 Minnesota 155.9949 8.105751038 13.46546364 20.16880226 58.25997925 Mississippi 155.396 8.3372612 25.624506 15.88447189 50.153759 Missouri 152.6716 7.587981701 16.62392616 19.18121529 56.60687256 Montana 164.4981 2.987551689 15.77104855 14.51018524 66.73121643 Nebraska 163.738 9.255371094 21.4493084 15.14289474 54.15242386 Nevada 152.0849 10.69063854 23.82274628 21.18801689 44.29859924 New Hampshire 168.4217 6.104358196 13.61653042 21.69228172 58.58683395 New Jersey 162.1746 6.568715572 17.23266602 21.00395966 55.19466019 New Mexico 158.8558 9.9277668 24.33855629 21.26299477 44.47068405 New York 141.537 7.626271248 19.72793198 17.55508614 55.0907135 North Carolina 150.4927 21.25836372 21.64862823 23.17331886 33.91968536 North Dakota 167.9166 3.806349754 14.91178703 22.99720383 58.28465652 Ohio 162.6532 7.287570477 17.4844017 20.24279594 54.98522949 Oklahoma 148.506 6.578377724 13.12282372 18.78009033 61.51870728 Oregon 170.3679 8.234517097 22.82953644 12.36421013 56.57173538 Pennsylvania 141.7237 12.82288837 13.39138794 22.21999931 51.56572723 Rhode Island 150.1116 11.01010418 17.74779701 16.84161949 54.40047455 South Carolina 149.5466 14.02125645 27.94830894 20.45285034 37.57758331 South Dakota 180.2246 8.135713577 10.53412056 16.35387993 64.97628784 Tennessee 153.7815 7.815198421 14.73592281 17.85629272 59.59258652 Texas 147.5884 9.257193565 20.7181015 22.82642555 47.19827271 Utah 166.9194 4.640501022 16.26628494 25.84487915 53.24833298 Vermont 166.5999 2.949033022 10.41526031 11.14026737 75.49543762 Virginia 163.4484 5.442166328 24.85142326 13.15820885 56.5481987 Washington 170.5783 7.09135437 23.84656334 25.12989044 43.93219376 West Virginia 152.9312 12.18970776 11.56621361 24.05270958 52.19137192 Wisconsin 162.5159 6.363962173 19.34250069 12.86773109 61.42580414 Wyoming 152.7801 8.49379921 12.92834091 13.84174919 64.7361145 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q37d Var. label:  Illegal activities :People voting who are not U.S. citizens Question:  The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Percentages: State N It is very common It occurs occasionally It occurs infrequently It almost never occurs Alabama 155.5939 14.08415031 20.16025162 18.67765236 47.07794189 Alaska 155.9352 8.711196899 22.3399086 18.49433136 50.45455933 Arizona 159.4215 21.20123482 24.09621429 24.18804169 30.51450157 Arkansas 151.9306 19.11870193 13.6952343 20.67079544 46.51527023 California 155.8062 25.0259552 12.83282852 14.10735989 48.03385925 Colorado 160.5209 16.98992157 19.63434601 15.17875004 48.19697952 Connecticut 155.6528 13.52812386 21.6497364 14.00058079 50.82155991 Delaware 151.3534 14.93776989 18.79402542 11.63683128 54.63136673 District of Columbia 148.2876 8.882230759 12.44881439 16.17358398 62.49536896 Florida 142.5484 17.11330795 24.1563282 16.01813126 42.71223068 Georgia 133.3943 16.08739471 21.28454208 17.20067024 45.42739105 Hawaii 155.7102 10.19794655 23.40186501 24.02756119 42.37262344 Idaho 163.4871 10.99518299 26.33528709 17.45418358 45.21533966 Illinois 162.6253 18.7228508 17.55147362 18.67562103 45.05005646 Indiana 142.257 12.20396805 23.09195328 14.76391888 49.94016266 Iowa 160.1198 10.23088074 19.97108459 15.16393661 54.63409042 Kansas 164.2139 6.858089924 22.39482498 17.24777603 53.49931335 Kentucky 142.422 15.34698582 24.88432693 16.33215714 43.43652725 Louisiana 139.4061 14.03953171 23.323246 14.70820713 47.92901611 Maine 161.8481 9.790208817 16.52018929 15.79000473 57.89959717 Maryland 150.8424 13.5527668 17.15012169 20.13208389 49.16502762 Massachusetts 168.5341 12.03884888 13.96112061 15.05729198 58.94274139 Michigan 147.2924 9.771205902 14.08236694 22.55467987 53.59173965 Minnesota 156.2997 13.48851109 18.47936058 15.35882854 52.6733017 Mississippi 147.8535 19.87586594 22.97504425 14.89337063 42.25572205 Missouri 151.0467 13.33627033 16.36845207 18.39455414 51.90072632 Montana 164.6754 6.697035789 19.92177773 7.418637276 65.9625473 Nebraska 162.3742 9.801121712 19.81682777 20.89012909 49.49192047 Nevada 154.3685 24.34844971 20.39656067 12.53727531 42.71772003 New Hampshire 166.3075 14.56349087 11.45775318 17.46086693 56.5178833 New Jersey 164.1884 10.36507702 17.30486488 22.56769943 49.7623558 New Mexico 159.7659 23.96251678 18.87319183 17.26020241 39.90409088 New York 143.3114 11.35446453 11.16591358 16.2022934 61.27732849 North Carolina 151.662 17.91057587 28.52941132 13.89106655 39.6689415 North Dakota 158.3306 10.08895493 13.1752615 24.04354477 52.69223404 Ohio 154.9675 12.36856174 23.01281166 14.22801304 50.39060974 Oklahoma 136.373 11.44892311 17.53281212 20.65114021 50.36712646 Oregon 168.4689 18.03894997 22.00353241 16.58039093 43.37712479 Pennsylvania 142.7849 14.76309776 16.64048767 18.2634201 50.33299637 Rhode Island 147.396 15.56082153 20.57580948 15.68691826 48.17645645 South Carolina 144.8145 20.11202049 21.63905525 17.13878441 41.11013794 South Dakota 180.5492 11.26810932 16.71105194 17.75790787 54.26292801 Tennessee 155.6751 9.255771637 15.5953331 21.52172852 53.62716675 Texas 155.7348 15.24563026 22.25392723 21.56854057 40.93190384 Utah 173.7046 10.65017986 23.01766968 26.49565697 39.83649063 Vermont 162.4382 7.558680058 9.108504295 6.104298115 77.22852325 Virginia 159.7713 15.23188686 20.81035995 17.46544456 46.49230957 Washington 168.7654 15.09227276 26.47076035 12.97969913 45.45727158 West Virginia 151.4751 15.76365662 12.80437851 14.40095329 57.0310173 Wisconsin 167.2871 8.361586571 14.52197933 15.97379208 61.14263535 Wyoming 154.4073 12.69103622 15.97433376 14.33832455 56.99630737 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q37e Var. label:  Illegal activities: People voting an absentee ballot intended for another person Question:  The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Percentages: State N It is very common It occurs occasionally It occurs infrequently It almost never occurs Alabama 146.2373 11.77029419 25.63845253 24.73895836 37.85229874 Alaska 140.0353 4.241807938 27.33385658 24.77190971 43.65242767 Arizona 150.9163 15.8296957 25.62573814 31.349123 27.1954422 Arkansas 138.4779 11.98118877 21.95459557 17.07073784 48.99348068 California 156.1437 22.4426651 23.05076599 19.78266716 34.72390366 Colorado 163.7895 10.01359844 25.15662193 24.22071075 40.60906982 Connecticut 151.6822 9.911259651 23.31109238 21.78786469 44.98978424 Delaware 147.6231 8.698953629 25.72336006 16.43244553 49.14524078 District of Columbia 147.6115 8.186839104 9.398885727 20.17168808 62.24258804 Florida 135.2231 15.49670506 28.5781002 21.00351906 34.92167664 Georgia 133.6594 12.78823185 29.44433784 25.53621101 32.23121262 Hawaii 141.9397 8.143279076 18.92759895 33.41443253 39.5146904 Idaho 153.5515 5.915887356 22.93394279 20.16471863 50.98544693 Illinois 152.0027 10.60271835 24.52792549 25.24270248 39.62665176 Indiana 128.4122 11.48527431 21.77882957 25.59551048 41.14038849 Iowa 151.5582 12.40849686 21.53742218 24.0468502 42.00723267 Kansas 150.7377 11.47546005 18.44367027 22.02536201 48.05550766 Kentucky 135.971 8.180732727 31.06233788 24.73844719 36.01848221 Louisiana 124.1024 11.43584061 27.70711327 22.31398773 38.5430603 Maine 145.0109 3.372191668 18.6353817 20.6237545 57.36867523 Maryland 144.4633 11.14064217 22.53640175 29.00976944 37.31318665 Massachusetts 154.2463 8.676933289 17.29516411 28.28857613 45.73933029 Michigan 143.9426 7.817557335 18.54587364 29.46743011 44.16914368 Minnesota 141.5336 8.673435211 16.62497711 25.97133446 48.73025513 Mississippi 148.0636 14.40175438 29.63588905 20.42556953 35.5367775 Missouri 141.8514 15.41718674 21.82196617 22.84876823 39.91207886 Montana 162.4192 6.890458107 19.35412025 24.4034462 49.35197067 Nebraska 153.67 11.89745522 17.13780594 24.86942482 46.09531784 Nevada 136.1996 15.87054729 27.62302208 19.26649284 37.23994064 New Hampshire 155.7212 6.679480076 20.85651016 24.16442299 48.29958725 New Jersey 155.1725 8.405636787 26.07623672 23.21975136 42.29837418 New Mexico 145.3908 12.85059452 29.14013672 22.93323135 35.07603455 New York 132.0205 10.95107174 18.43624878 18.65690804 51.95576859 North Carolina 155.8409 20.53713036 23.16040039 25.5387764 30.76369286 North Dakota 157.3505 11.0767355 10.39545631 30.11157227 48.41623306 Ohio 153.0435 8.158758163 24.53656006 21.76492691 45.53975677 Oklahoma 131.8062 9.562159538 15.34109497 29.76758766 45.3291626 Oregon 164.4231 10.41071796 25.52793503 23.25018692 40.81116104 Pennsylvania 138.8498 12.14484882 20.7266922 22.01306915 45.11539841 Rhode Island 137.0335 13.3138237 23.07300758 22.8285656 40.78461075 South Carolina 142.0833 13.9776907 29.49963188 28.25428772 28.26839066 South Dakota 165.575 7.150343418 20.1196804 20.16090965 52.56906509 Tennessee 138.3927 10.11295414 20.26954842 24.50346756 45.11403275 Texas 144.1906 11.08241081 21.73088646 29.46297264 37.72373199 Utah 163.6494 6.659470081 22.16357613 29.427145 41.74981308 Vermont 149.489 7.147788048 9.305376053 18.16599274 65.38083649 Virginia 151.2915 12.2051115 24.58694077 18.13656998 45.07137299 Washington 166.0259 10.17544556 30.74860382 27.86835861 31.20759583 West Virginia 141.6637 7.478946686 26.24446297 20.33700752 45.93957901 Wisconsin 158.3122 10.6250124 15.42531204 19.23291397 54.71676254 Wyoming 145.3 7.104077339 15.02700329 20.44625282 57.42266464 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q37f Var. label:  Illegal activities: Officials changing the reported vote count in a way that is not a true reflection of the ballots that were actually counted Question:  The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Percentages: State N It is very common It occurs occasionally It occurs infrequently It almost never occurs Alabama 141.7849 10.02221298 22.1027832 21.64114571 46.23386002 Alaska 144.1163 6.930993557 16.33566475 13.59546089 63.13787842 Arizona 146.446 4.805303097 29.20956802 25.34570885 40.63942719 Arkansas 147.5507 8.27977562 22.64403343 16.74557877 52.33061218 California 154.3635 13.97713184 23.18574715 13.77218056 49.06494522 Colorado 152.5762 3.257299662 17.85814095 18.10590744 60.77865219 Connecticut 159.1431 6.081062317 15.36744404 22.98700142 55.56449127 Delaware 152.7951 5.89087534 19.52294159 12.32150364 62.26468658 District of Columbia 162.4059 5.222362995 12.53856754 17.99653625 64.24253845 Florida 132.949 15.35398197 13.53936005 22.39502335 48.71163559 Georgia 136.2117 7.646767616 17.07776833 21.14320946 54.13225555 Hawaii 153.3166 7.85473156 8.512290001 21.62142944 62.01154709 Idaho 166.6351 7.551186562 14.11781216 16.65828133 61.67271805 Illinois 158.1959 11.99864769 16.78072739 21.12587738 50.09474945 Indiana 123.4992 4.926208019 15.75861168 25.96769142 53.3474884 Iowa 154.2527 9.630379677 7.897758961 17.13744545 65.33441162 Kansas 152.0277 2.837115049 21.50163841 18.61727333 57.04397583 Kentucky 141.5471 11.92160606 18.65793419 13.0989151 56.32154083 Louisiana 135.4141 11.35704613 12.63452911 19.58443451 56.42399216 Maine 152.5134 4.708455563 9.08389473 18.93981934 67.2678299 Maryland 140.0689 7.664945602 14.81782055 22.4487648 55.06847 Massachusetts 154.2664 5.989645004 10.51938057 14.08735085 69.40362549 Michigan 142.5089 7.328589916 15.99778652 18.51317596 58.16044998 Minnesota 147.4151 4.298943043 11.43357754 21.06557274 63.2019043 Mississippi 151.672 7.928844929 23.50473022 18.40831375 50.15811157 Missouri 147.0683 9.659891129 16.74571228 9.654738426 63.93966293 Montana 156.5457 3.836519241 15.06045914 14.45179272 66.65122986 Nebraska 151.9971 6.545581818 13.80463028 19.80126381 59.84852982 Nevada 144.8503 6.211693287 18.56080437 19.80339813 55.4241066 New Hampshire 157.1585 1.677740097 14.60865307 15.85815716 67.85544586 New Jersey 155.1041 2.02015233 19.74373055 24.30913162 53.92698288 New Mexico 152.2579 9.678876877 20.50678253 20.84684944 48.96749115 New York 137.5874 8.645075798 15.14746284 13.53332424 62.6741333 North Carolina 141.7364 12.18613243 16.76623154 22.87531662 48.17232513 North Dakota 161.299 2.764662266 11.38698387 20.26155281 65.58679962 Ohio 150.3042 7.524028778 19.23400497 19.43474579 53.80722427 Oklahoma 145.3904 6.232746601 15.44535732 13.68437672 64.63751984 Oregon 161.3584 4.895145416 20.75947571 14.91644478 59.42892838 Pennsylvania 139.8218 8.9322052 12.27936172 22.39829636 56.39013672 Rhode Island 146.1546 6.902153969 19.02853012 17.89767647 56.17164612 South Carolina 147.4671 9.600402832 23.47908974 21.53850555 45.38199997 South Dakota 161.4237 6.683232307 11.51832485 10.36086464 71.43758392 Tennessee 148.2435 7.913057804 12.40446568 20.33580399 59.34667587 Texas 158.5446 12.37739563 13.6222744 23.43780136 50.5625267 Utah 160.3172 3.169696331 16.31880379 15.90797997 64.60351563 Vermont 168.1889 5.695973873 7.197828293 14.4959116 72.61029053 Virginia 161.2169 6.221529007 18.16437912 13.38630772 62.22778702 Washington 162.1512 7.544989586 17.23483276 24.91410637 50.30607605 West Virginia 147.8587 9.545296669 19.19900513 13.17940903 58.07629013 Wisconsin 159.4057 7.613549232 16.36730576 13.02389145 62.9952507 Wyoming 157.804 4.586972713 8.790608406 14.65796661 71.96445465 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q38 Var. label:  Computer hacking: nationwide Question:  How much of a problem do you believe computer hacking was nationwide in the administration of elections in 2016? Percentages: State N Major problem Minor problem Not a problem at all Alabama 153.8651 23.00427055 45.72823715 31.26749229 Alaska 137.9096 20.72795868 37.04109192 42.2309494 Arizona 153.8844 21.53856659 49.19162369 29.26980972 Arkansas 141.5986 22.79431915 42.25013733 34.95554733 California 150.5447 28.28909111 33.91556168 37.79534912 Colorado 152.3662 23.78075981 37.36095428 38.85829163 Connecticut 154.398 19.11819839 36.95747757 43.92432404 Delaware 153.083 31.25977325 32.71803284 36.02219772 District of Columbia 151.2732 23.95046616 29.15996361 46.88957596 Florida 139.8444 27.97177124 33.14619446 38.8820343 Georgia 143.3226 28.28324318 40.37005615 31.34670067 Hawaii 155.3065 24.48160362 31.0165081 44.50188828 Idaho 154.2619 12.30254459 53.2778244 34.41963196 Illinois 139.8294 30.13084221 34.75912094 35.11003113 Indiana 146.2635 13.56848145 53.23799133 33.19352722 Iowa 150.4281 21.93514061 43.07421875 34.99064636 Kansas 146.8616 28.7742424 41.96541977 29.26033211 Kentucky 144.8023 24.4705162 39.83074188 35.6987381 Louisiana 147.2387 21.41331291 39.31430435 39.27238464 Maine 144.5723 17.02310753 45.60897446 37.36791992 Maryland 144.6214 28.48103333 38.23715591 33.28180695 Massachusetts 152.287 20.6083374 33.76000977 45.63165283 Michigan 148.0418 21.15172958 40.9010582 37.94721222 Minnesota 141.7355 16.45764732 44.06182098 39.48053741 Mississippi 154.8376 22.46304893 38.79555511 38.74140167 Missouri 154.1513 20.84605026 37.01387024 42.14007568 Montana 162.0442 12.89360237 39.5678978 47.53849411 Nebraska 141.6109 21.84762573 46.56105804 31.59132195 Nevada 146.5135 23.10418129 30.95402145 45.94179535 New Hampshire 150.9764 17.47814178 36.45012283 46.07173157 New Jersey 158.1401 19.87816811 43.21382141 36.90801239 New Mexico 151.1979 25.9231472 43.30783463 30.76902008 New York 136.5025 23.91300201 26.77366829 49.31332779 North Carolina 154.8781 20.51145172 49.16622162 30.32233047 North Dakota 145.8734 21.11096382 27.88467216 51.00436783 Ohio 154.787 23.1245575 39.30049896 37.57494354 Oklahoma 148.317 20.0132885 38.95055389 41.0361557 Oregon 154.0313 23.81223679 39.75409698 36.43366241 Pennsylvania 146.8271 22.74882126 43.95911407 33.29206467 Rhode Island 149.2074 19.88983917 41.16680527 38.94335938 South Carolina 152.9573 28.39848709 45.90489197 25.69662285 South Dakota 158.4541 25.11051369 37.84529114 37.04419708 Tennessee 148.4826 19.99747086 45.38424301 34.61828613 Texas 149.1465 19.96646309 44.08450317 35.94902802 Utah 159.8112 16.36286354 46.6664238 36.97071838 Vermont 147.0279 22.02831841 39.0041275 38.96755981 Virginia 160.3363 11.46001053 45.97667313 42.56332016 Washington 159.4888 30.49433899 34.20817947 35.29747772 West Virginia 142.023 28.6923008 36.93294525 34.37474823 Wisconsin 158.1824 25.11833763 34.48545456 40.3962059 Wyoming 152.9154 20.73689079 40.216465 39.04664993 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q39 Var. label:  Computer hacking: local Question:  How much of a problem do you believe computer hacking was locally in the administration of elections in 2016? Percentages: State N Major problem Minor problem Not a problem at all Alabama 153.715 7.617438316 37.08366776 55.29889679 Alaska 157.8472 11.08889008 20.58123207 68.32987213 Arizona 149.8471 14.94671345 35.27635574 49.77693558 Arkansas 150.11 13.23328018 30.38572121 56.38100052 California 148.9358 23.25693512 23.50642967 53.2366333 Colorado 144.5221 9.059185982 25.46059036 65.48021698 Connecticut 157.5162 4.374094963 25.53705025 70.08885193 Delaware 152.9974 14.66182327 25.10720825 60.23096466 District of Columbia 157.6741 10.1512022 28.24613953 61.60266113 Florida 128.2441 14.97236347 22.2274189 62.80022049 Georgia 147.1121 19.8007679 23.64730263 56.55193329 Hawaii 158.3927 7.922337055 17.40457535 74.67308044 Idaho 167.0991 5.118429184 23.06347084 71.81809998 Illinois 148.4484 18.07703018 22.66711044 59.25585556 Indiana 143.2186 3.636428118 35.31725693 61.04631805 Iowa 151.8885 10.47142506 27.78325272 61.74532318 Kansas 142.1527 7.034192085 21.94201088 71.02379608 Kentucky 150.1494 12.24624157 22.03282738 65.72093201 Louisiana 152.6906 14.57451534 23.13725281 62.28822708 Maine 149.6844 5.874572754 27.31289482 66.81253052 Maryland 148.0466 17.20088959 29.17484856 53.62426758 Massachusetts 157.8049 10.65218163 18.75839615 70.58942413 Michigan 142.505 9.204366684 30.70992851 60.08570862 Minnesota 143.253 5.196816921 29.57320404 65.22998047 Mississippi 152.6894 16.98666191 17.02120781 65.99212646 Missouri 149.0244 8.497731209 21.56692696 69.93534088 Montana 162.8595 4.759074688 16.58191872 78.65900421 Nebraska 147.3109 7.366535664 24.99351501 67.63994598 Nevada 134.2847 11.40218067 23.89858437 64.69922638 New Hampshire 161.4446 8.132878304 15.28537464 76.58174133 New Jersey 161.9413 12.9607811 28.38320732 58.65601349 New Mexico 155.5651 13.64650917 30.01864433 56.3348465 New York 138.7451 12.05035782 15.8861599 72.06347656 North Carolina 154.0299 19.03860474 26.91240692 54.04898453 North Dakota 167.2343 9.031780243 17.05477142 73.91344452 Ohio 153.1654 15.89615154 19.6960392 64.40781403 Oklahoma 151.1196 11.27525234 18.99336815 69.73137665 Oregon 158.3984 8.638044357 21.67499733 69.68695831 Pennsylvania 147.2417 13.19771767 27.90088081 58.90139771 Rhode Island 149.036 7.599419117 28.44386673 63.95671082 South Carolina 150.026 10.75402164 29.49929428 59.74668884 South Dakota 159.5141 8.173706055 17.83798027 73.9883194 Tennessee 153.6846 9.379470825 26.26811218 64.35240936 Texas 157.4341 13.17549324 28.46238899 58.36211777 Utah 158.4042 6.8465271 29.56789398 63.5855751 Vermont 151.7571 7.558107376 15.9415226 76.50037384 Virginia 160.7879 6.531318188 27.68385887 65.78482056 Washington 153.6874 8.712850571 26.0874176 65.19972992 West Virginia 146.7519 11.39408398 20.93140411 67.67450714 Wisconsin 167.334 13.20366764 22.87032127 63.92601395 Wyoming 168.8986 4.068804741 16.1198349 79.81135559 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q40 Var. label:  Driver’s license Question:  Do you have a driver’s license? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 198.2575 200 199.0515 199.4075 197.8084 197.7843 200 200 200 195.1138 200 200 200 199.0436 200 200 200 198.4055 198.7933 199.4016 198.5636 200 196.8585 200 198.6159 200 199.4186 199.2884 199.0326 200 198.3326 200 198.0404 200 198.3874 200 200 197.9433 200 200 200 200 200 195.1973 200 200 200 198.7876 200 198.5083 200 Percentages: Yes No 97.27108 2.728921 89.46568 10.53432 89.98926 10.01074 91.87851 8.121486 86.00491 13.99509 90.64129 9.35871 89.36935 10.63065 93.41046 6.58954 73.65228 26.34772 92.80023 7.199772 89.05043 10.94957 93.83623 6.163776 94.95356 5.046439 85.62199 14.378 87.29404 12.70596 92.42933 7.570673 92.67608 7.323919 92.50636 7.493634 90.00555 9.994443 89.29441 10.70559 88.27737 11.72263 86.50549 13.49451 90.58414 9.41586 91.69428 8.305716 91.89388 8.106123 93.01374 6.986261 92.27047 7.729528 94.80134 5.198668 84.4725 15.5275 95.03941 4.960585 90.73205 9.267948 94.58838 5.411618 76.89082 23.10919 88.34676 11.65324 93.93914 6.060856 84.95617 15.04383 95.39043 4.609565 89.30405 10.69594 84.12244 15.87756 90.8893 9.110701 86.78932 13.21068 96.35212 3.647881 92.26576 7.734238 89.57882 10.42118 96.93408 3.065921 95.9976 4.002404 89.57494 10.42506 92.61041 7.389582 89.56809 10.4319 89.05632 10.94368 96.82058 3.179424 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q40a Var. label:  DL expired Question:  Is your driver’s license expired? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 192.8472 178.2132 179.125 182.0723 170.1249 177.7363 178.0003 186.8209 147.3046 181.0661 179.1034 187.6725 189.9071 169.5673 174.5881 184.8587 183.5459 182.8114 178.925 178.0545 175.2867 173.011 177.4545 182.7462 181.5334 186.0275 184.0045 188.9281 168.1278 190.0788 179.9513 188.6294 152.2749 176.6935 186.3634 169.9123 190.1014 176.7714 168.2449 181.7786 173.5786 192.7042 186.8962 173.0791 193.1333 191.2748 179.7376 184.098 177.4096 176.7842 193.6412 Percentages: Yes No 2.078848 97.92115 0.855968 99.14404 3.31552 96.68448 100 3.754609 96.24538 100 0.945003 99.055 0.953074 99.04693 3.886251 96.11375 2.837172 97.16283 1.163975 98.83602 0.418903 99.58109 0.688394 99.31161 3.455827 96.54417 0.880643 99.11936 0.412095 99.58791 0.381284 99.61872 3.430047 96.56995 3.617529 96.38247 0.594224 99.40578 2.040025 97.95998 100 1.601898 98.3981 0.310486 99.68951 1.632603 98.36739 0.433676 99.56632 1.096179 98.90382 2.066552 97.93345 4.000375 95.99962 0.282649 99.71735 1.686665 98.31333 1.598891 98.40111 2.982391 97.01761 1.321094 98.67891 2.204285 97.79572 0.454431 99.54557 0.453175 99.54682 1.73631 98.26369 0.971118 99.02888 1.326977 98.67303 0.686202 99.3138 0.611649 99.38835 0.72444 99.27556 3.902006 96.09799 1.420546 98.57945 3.557374 96.44263 1.961513 98.03848 2.018954 97.98105 0.376164 99.62384 2.645347 97.35465 2.054161 97.94584 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q40b Var. label:  DL legal name Question:  Is the name on your driver’s license the same name you are registered to vote under? Percentages: State N Yes No Alabama 190.6286 98.70338 1.296621 Alaska 178.9314 99.91311 0.086898 Arizona 177.4524 99.51412 0.485874 Arkansas 178.7518 100 California 168.5393 98.79927 1.200738 Colorado 179.2742 100 Connecticut 178.7387 98.65556 1.34444 Delaware 186.8209 100 District of Columbia 147.3046 99.32945 0.670549 Florida 179.306 98.09927 1.900735 Georgia 177.0234 97.88695 2.113058 Hawaii 187.6725 98.60355 1.396449 Idaho 189.9071 99.47644 0.523558 Illinois 170.4251 98.85607 1.143927 Indiana 174.5881 99.51034 0.489662 Iowa 184.8587 100 Kansas 182.9736 98.68179 1.318209 Kentucky 182.7517 98.80237 1.197636 Louisiana 178.1771 99.04749 0.952511 Maine 177.4561 100 Maryland 175.2867 98.63344 1.366562 Massachusetts 172.1937 99.13798 0.862019 Michigan 178.3226 98.7961 1.203898 Minnesota 182.6785 99.56024 0.439758 Mississippi 178.0057 97.69131 2.308687 Missouri 185.2207 99.06497 0.935021 Montana 184.0045 97.73242 2.267584 Nebraska 187.6741 99.57533 0.424676 Nevada 168.1278 100 New Hampshire 190.0788 98.2206 1.779403 New Jersey 179.9513 98.94334 1.056651 New Mexico 187.8964 99.48782 0.512178 New York 150.6396 99.04551 0.9545 North Carolina 175.8211 99.53407 0.465926 North Dakota 186.3634 97.96812 2.031878 Ohio 169.9123 99.02932 0.97068 Oklahoma 189.5751 99.00263 0.997366 Oregon 174.7355 98.96335 1.036655 Pennsylvania 168.2449 97.98507 2.014936 Rhode Island 181.7786 100 South Carolina 172.5713 99.24161 0.758393 South Dakota 191.6268 98.92262 1.077381 Tennessee 183.6944 96.55756 3.442436 Texas 171.4033 96.46597 3.53402 Utah 193.8682 98.98 1.02 Vermont 191.9952 98.47216 1.52784 Virginia 179.7376 98.19914 1.800858 Washington 182.6124 97.26595 2.734047 West Virginia 177.9525 99.33481 0.665185 Wisconsin 176.7842 99.05548 0.944515 Wyoming 192.6096 100 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q40c Var. label:  DL address Question:  Is the address on your driver’s license the same as the address where you are registered to vote? Percentages: State N Yes No Alabama 191.3237 87.51157 12.48842 Alaska 175.519 84.78651 15.21349 Arizona 176.4208 87.56696 12.43304 Arkansas 178.8457 89.65168 10.34832 California 165.702 84.22474 15.77526 Colorado 178.4448 89.47819 10.52181 Connecticut 177.1365 93.38895 6.61104 Delaware 186.8209 97.96878 2.031221 District of Columbia 146.9035 78.52242 21.47759 Florida 176.8934 94.89204 5.107969 Georgia 174.2859 92.84771 7.152292 Hawaii 185.6021 81.54883 18.45117 Idaho 189.3079 85.82071 14.17929 Illinois 170.4251 91.90644 8.093563 Indiana 174.5881 92.85143 7.148578 Iowa 184.8587 93.94704 6.052954 Kansas 181.9365 91.77888 8.221125 Kentucky 181.2039 95.59748 4.40252 Louisiana 176.8348 90.50612 9.493878 Maine 175.9505 90.75989 9.240113 Maryland 174.299 92.82404 7.175963 Massachusetts 171.5147 91.98872 8.011281 Michigan 176.0632 97.48698 2.513017 Minnesota 182.7462 90.56706 9.43294 Mississippi 181.8926 91.69028 8.309712 Missouri 186.0275 84.94776 15.05224 Montana 184.0045 87.12541 12.87459 Nebraska 188.9281 92.29323 7.706769 Nevada 168.1278 93.05438 6.945611 New Hampshire 188.8562 85.25368 14.74632 New Jersey 179.0928 97.28056 2.719447 New Mexico 186.0838 84.63461 15.36539 New York 150.8951 83.04228 16.95772 North Carolina 176.6935 88.98267 11.01733 North Dakota 186.3634 89.88746 10.11254 Ohio 168.7897 91.08418 8.915818 Oklahoma 190.1346 91.06683 8.933167 Oregon 176.1269 92.86717 7.132824 Pennsylvania 168.2449 92.72177 7.278234 Rhode Island 181.7786 87.36523 12.63477 South Carolina 172.6264 96.07365 3.92635 South Dakota 190.0324 91.78489 8.215116 Tennessee 181.3297 90.97421 9.025789 Texas 170.18 90.98434 9.015661 Utah 192.8723 90.20382 9.796176 Vermont 185.2252 92.60032 7.399676 Virginia 179.1499 88.26843 11.73157 Washington 183.2683 88.51834 11.48166 West Virginia 177.6522 95.27187 4.728135 Wisconsin 176.7842 89.18591 10.81409 Wyoming 191.0069 87.46716 12.53283 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q41 Var. label:  Have passport Question:  Do you have a U.S. passport? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 198.2575 200 198.0853 195.6331 200 200 199.1215 198.6962 198.119 198.168 198.4659 199.1627 199.3296 198.1092 200 196.7645 195.6603 196.31 197.545 200 198.6655 200 195.9036 200 199.0526 197.7238 198.4276 199.2884 198.1702 200 197.3094 200 197.3073 198.3047 199.3557 197.8825 198.1687 198.4796 200 199.2496 200 200 199.1314 194.16 200 199.0242 199.3174 197.3019 198.035 199.125 200 Percentages: Yes No 26.71077 73.28922 58.15961 41.84039 42.99782 57.00218 27.88618 72.11382 60.54472 39.45528 45.83086 54.16914 55.25939 44.7406 46.67721 53.3228 61.18316 38.81684 46.44359 53.5564 42.83581 57.16419 55.85823 44.14177 37.01156 62.98844 40.02047 59.97953 29.33841 70.66159 33.06323 66.93677 43.23721 56.76279 23.47298 76.52702 38.51395 61.48605 42.82748 57.17252 56.33164 43.66836 53.00441 46.99559 33.76456 66.23544 46.37465 53.62535 23.0533 76.9467 37.38316 62.61684 43.8828 56.11721 36.52053 63.47947 45.30237 54.69763 52.53582 47.46418 56.41199 43.58801 39.90175 60.09825 52.55228 47.44772 32.73864 67.26136 46.84422 53.15578 30.67025 69.32976 32.05717 67.94283 50.45085 49.54914 34.26622 65.73378 50.81746 49.18253 40.42636 59.57364 36.35392 63.64608 35.38639 64.61362 48.82256 51.17745 55.35853 44.64147 50.14075 49.85925 52.51007 47.48992 50.51223 49.48777 17.93304 82.06696 39.44748 60.55252 45.78043 54.21957 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q41a Var. label:  Passport expired Question:  Is your passport expired? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 51.04657 114.7373 84.24446 48.66163 118.6196 90.23394 108.743 88.43838 119.8828 87.71834 84.19225 104.5323 73.775 78.35294 57.05853 63.42891 81.99894 46.07982 70.52981 83.73071 108.0603 99.51855 64.1843 92.186 44.61117 71.13663 87.07559 68.32357 88.44112 103.1862 106.6421 78.01139 97.14975 64.92227 93.38659 60.69105 61.9968 99.43314 65.99271 97.48778 79.08549 71.39045 66.64232 92.72742 109.2548 98.75433 103.3588 96.99976 34.57938 76.72706 90.11768 Percentages: Yes No 21.63459 78.3654 14.23174 85.76826 7.836067 92.16393 14.63735 85.36265 11.4769 88.52309 14.713 85.287 13.31826 86.68175 10.47911 89.52088 4.041298 95.9587 13.32267 86.67733 17.381 82.619 11.07658 88.92342 10.91644 89.08356 10.81122 89.18879 16.41097 83.58903 8.929129 91.07088 12.87901 87.12099 21.64129 78.3587 4.487423 95.51257 9.32934 90.67066 4.589399 95.4106 10.93855 89.06145 19.72169 80.27831 12.51874 87.48126 27.26787 72.73212 15.70692 84.29308 17.14906 82.85094 12.1483 87.8517 15.06476 84.93523 12.58592 87.41407 7.741279 92.25872 19.85321 80.14679 10.22398 89.77602 24.62261 75.37739 8.154946 91.84505 16.47773 83.52228 20.53623 79.46377 17.9421 82.05791 10.61539 89.38461 5.963452 94.03655 17.94444 82.05556 4.83514 95.16486 18.29354 81.70646 12.19106 87.80894 7.949677 92.05032 8.255054 91.74495 12.74241 87.25759 9.092165 90.90784 8.95185 91.04815 11.87378 88.12622 14.32037 85.67963 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q41b Var. label:  Passport legal name Question:  Is the name on your passport the same name you are registered to vote under? Percentages: State N Yes No Alabama 51.43258 95.81097 4.189032 Alaska 116.3192 96.17461 3.825389 Arizona 85.17234 94.05063 5.949373 Arkansas 52.44516 91.9948 8.005199 California 119.5038 96.79329 3.206711 Colorado 91.66171 98.52245 1.477553 Connecticut 110.0333 96.99626 3.003742 Delaware 92.74583 97.35818 2.641821 District of Columbia 121.2155 96.10329 3.896703 Florida 90.23476 95.2152 4.784801 Georgia 81.83465 96.50314 3.496867 Hawaii 111.2487 96.58997 3.410023 Idaho 73.25904 92.66958 7.330413 Illinois 79.28423 94.0073 5.9927 Indiana 58.67682 96.4266 3.573406 Iowa 63.82417 95.76418 4.235821 Kansas 82.98865 93.534 6.465996 Kentucky 46.07981 91.26039 8.739619 Louisiana 76.08237 99.31155 0.688445 Maine 85.65495 92.73402 7.265988 Maryland 111.1891 96.09369 3.906314 Massachusetts 106.0088 98.81165 1.188358 Michigan 65.28012 95.68046 4.319546 Minnesota 92.7493 95.98312 4.016888 Mississippi 45.88818 96.04459 3.955402 Missouri 73.91538 94.83278 5.167224 Montana 87.0756 93.72939 6.270611 Nebraska 70.40482 89.80991 10.1901 Nevada 89.77582 96.14082 3.859174 New Hampshire 105.0716 93.74304 6.256954 New Jersey 111.3062 98.16121 1.838797 New Mexico 79.8035 96.25877 3.741222 New York 100.9517 95.88696 4.113039 North Carolina 64.92226 98.4977 1.50231 North Dakota 93.01807 89.64394 10.35606 Ohio 59.77998 92.1899 7.810108 Oklahoma 63.52727 95.91421 4.085795 Oregon 99.27957 95.33913 4.66087 Pennsylvania 68.53245 98.05892 1.94108 Rhode Island 101.2536 100 South Carolina 79.84533 94.71495 5.285048 South Dakota 72.70783 98.84849 1.151513 Tennessee 70.46539 95.36918 4.630819 Texas 92.17345 95.66636 4.333642 Utah 109.9 93.58994 6.410053 Vermont 99.79225 97.28489 2.715111 Virginia 104.6617 97.5164 2.483597 Washington 98.98728 99.29787 0.702133 West Virginia 35.51369 96.346 3.653994 Wisconsin 78.54981 100 Wyoming 90.61008 91.08121 8.918782 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q42 Var. label:  Birth certificate Question:  Do you have an official copy of your birth certificate that you can easily locate? Percentages: State N Yes No Alabama 189.174 86.79598 13.20401 Alaska 195.9004 90.77327 9.226727 Arizona 187.3976 90.43896 9.561037 Arkansas 187.4913 90.1256 9.874395 California 188.568 85.59934 14.40066 Colorado 191.5898 90.6619 9.338107 Connecticut 193.1998 87.58057 12.41943 Delaware 192.2577 89.50857 10.49143 District of Columbia 194.4535 82.44415 17.55585 Florida 194.4612 85.72968 14.27033 Georgia 195.3922 84.86492 15.13508 Hawaii 193.5585 83.31097 16.68902 Idaho 194.9197 86.72433 13.27566 Illinois 183.3154 83.88425 16.11575 Indiana 193.3005 92.18519 7.814814 Iowa 190.0743 81.26501 18.73499 Kansas 185.6857 89.32408 10.67592 Kentucky 189.1109 80.8138 19.1862 Louisiana 188.4006 89.40236 10.59764 Maine 188.8304 92.39723 7.602773 Maryland 191.4821 85.96391 14.03609 Massachusetts 187.5326 87.83864 12.16137 Michigan 196.3254 87.77859 12.22141 Minnesota 190.0651 82.04821 17.95179 Mississippi 194.0201 90.25668 9.743318 Missouri 185.3211 87.74507 12.25492 Montana 191.0287 86.78304 13.21696 Nebraska 189.1001 87.44917 12.55083 Nevada 192.5505 93.07266 6.927342 New Hampshire 186.9675 84.15837 15.84163 New Jersey 191.1889 89.23353 10.76647 New Mexico 194.045 87.84585 12.15416 New York 190.2303 86.07772 13.92228 North Carolina 196.707 84.76079 15.23922 North Dakota 191.9158 91.9202 8.079808 Ohio 193.2966 88.20713 11.79287 Oklahoma 190.8693 91.72992 8.270088 Oregon 193.3873 89.69633 10.30367 Pennsylvania 189.7412 89.72932 10.27069 Rhode Island 188.6394 89.47243 10.52756 South Carolina 194.1135 87.27394 12.72606 South Dakota 197.7856 89.84811 10.15189 Tennessee 188.8409 88.83049 11.1695 Texas 189.5853 83.66148 16.33851 Utah 198.2722 92.20502 7.794972 Vermont 195.6263 90.3584 9.641598 Virginia 192.1606 86.86618 13.13382 Washington 184.0715 85.21432 14.78568 West Virginia 191.0548 89.75725 10.24275 Wisconsin 193.3524 89.17085 10.82916 Wyoming 198.0597 91.48098 8.519022 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q43a Var. label:  Other ID: A public assistance ID card issued by  Question:  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Percentages: I don't have this ID at all State N I have this ID with a picture I have this ID without a picture Alabama 199.1288 13.74730873 4.149487972 82.10320282 Alaska 199.468 16.35137177 3.767844677 79.88078308 Arizona 200 8.854475975 5.152345657 85.99317932 Arkansas 200 9.577450752 5.078837872 85.34371185 California 200 16.26098251 8.916274071 74.82274628 Colorado 200 5.894368172 4.295072556 89.81056213 Connecticut 199.2469 12.47230434 5.776422501 81.75127411 Delaware 200 10.35460567 3.760293245 85.88510132 District of Columbia 198.5972 25.76927567 4.027669907 70.20305634 Florida 200 7.715559959 3.411860704 88.87258148 Georgia 199.1299 14.28501701 3.033602238 82.68138123 Hawaii 200 8.172647476 2.180593967 89.64675903 Idaho 200 2.00176692 3.194741488 94.80348969 Illinois 200 11.05394554 3.848740339 85.09731293 Indiana 200 9.736485481 5.854472637 84.40904236 Iowa 198.8624 10.50709343 3.769329786 85.72357941 Kansas 199.3221 8.301177979 4.075562477 87.6232605 Kentucky 200 12.60331059 4.548771381 82.84791565 Louisiana 195.2921 20.24271393 4.614255428 75.14303589 Maine 200 12.09010029 5.616107941 82.29379272 Maryland 200 11.85906029 3.639821053 84.50112152 Massachusetts 200 10.21444416 8.429142952 81.35641479 Michigan 200 10.23027897 9.158516884 80.61120605 Minnesota 199.4367 8.365871429 1.690527439 89.94360352 Mississippi 197.7657 11.74563694 3.533686638 84.72068024 Missouri 200 8.542819977 6.514056206 84.94312286 Montana 199.3592 5.250842571 10.72180748 84.02735138 Nebraska 199.4038 8.459204674 1.618730187 89.92206573 Nevada 200 6.240783691 6.903932571 86.85528564 New Hampshire 200 5.458521843 4.942783833 89.59869385 New Jersey 199.1911 7.446540356 5.577614307 86.97584534 New Mexico 198.7821 6.800370693 7.564992905 85.63464355 New York 199.0857 14.43119431 10.62222958 74.94657135 North Carolina 199.5689 12.37506676 3.663035154 83.9618988 North Dakota 198.6152 13.18377686 2.153796434 84.66242981 Ohio 200 11.20922375 3.285014868 85.50576019 Oklahoma 200 12.9510994 5.062341213 81.98655701 Oregon 198.9831 7.70324564 4.270552635 88.02619934 Pennsylvania 199.0913 7.443125725 12.20631504 80.35056305 Rhode Island 200 9.388227463 7.740386486 82.87138367 South Carolina 199.0751 13.1413393 2.103714943 84.75494385 South Dakota 197.1489 4.862302303 2.855533123 92.28216553 Tennessee 200 12.69315815 5.307495117 81.99934387 Texas 198.0743 13.19513607 6.772969246 80.0318985 Utah 200 8.623253822 5.107981205 86.26876831 Vermont 200 4.342291355 6.290493965 89.36721802 Virginia 199.2844 10.7734499 2.385170221 86.84137726 Washington 199.0567 7.635298252 5.909758568 86.4549408 West Virginia 199.1648 13.12210274 6.907491684 79.97040558 Wisconsin 200 9.757263184 5.793961048 84.44877625 Wyoming 199.6574 9.340424538 5.081673622 85.57790375 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q43b Var. label:  Other ID: A military ID card Question:  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Percentages: State N I have this ID with a picture I have this ID without a picture I don't have this ID at all Alabama 198.0518 9.819446564 1.73212719 88.44842529 Alaska 199.468 17.08998108 0.448663712 82.46135712 Arizona 200 11.45393372 0.786461532 87.75960541 Arkansas 199.2224 9.75735569 2.758291245 87.48435211 California 200 4.225209236 4.828110218 90.94667816 Colorado 200 4.460701466 0.50898248 95.03031921 Connecticut 199.2469 2.668082476 1.620443225 95.71147156 Delaware 200 9.251655579 1.425415277 89.32292938 District of Columbia 198.5972 3.186928749 4.517877579 92.2951889 Florida 200 6.983310223 1.433137894 91.5835495 Georgia 199.1299 8.107962608 1.961059809 89.93097687 Hawaii 194.8466 16.39857483 0.094028115 83.50740051 Idaho 200 5.210749149 0.778113484 94.01113892 Illinois 200 4.253509998 3.203640223 92.54284668 Indiana 196.3057 4.871045589 1.330472946 93.7984848 Iowa 198.8624 5.467476368 1.432958007 93.0995636 Kansas 200 10.967556 0.903113604 88.1293335 Kentucky 200 10.70392895 1.500035286 87.79603577 Louisiana 196.5404 8.924765587 1.460166693 89.61507416 Maine 199.3984 12.33688259 1.012360454 86.65075684 Maryland 200 7.908917427 0.983154356 91.10792542 Massachusetts 200 3.368208647 1.252010345 95.37978363 Michigan 200 8.654374123 0.78352946 90.56209564 Minnesota 199.4367 7.88883543 3.826125622 88.28504181 Mississippi 196.4795 6.961818695 1.464855671 91.57332611 Missouri 200 7.720252991 3.007214546 89.2725296 Montana 199.3592 8.668723106 1.60734427 89.72393036 Nebraska 200 6.378246784 1.770975947 91.85077667 Nevada 200 12.28504944 0.453242898 87.26171112 New Hampshire 200 8.045642853 1.050767899 90.90358734 New Jersey 198.267 3.360445499 3.657811403 92.98174286 New Mexico 200 7.522678375 0.949466884 91.52785492 New York 199.0857 4.022715569 2.044532776 93.93274689 North Carolina 199.5689 10.17162132 89.82837677 North Dakota 198.556 10.25807476 0.851893365 88.89002991 Ohio 200 7.177391052 0.501517773 92.3210907 Oklahoma 200 8.036341667 1.434186697 90.52947235 Oregon 198.9831 4.547353745 3.741237402 91.71141052 Pennsylvania 199.0913 4.292504787 1.303248525 94.4042511 Rhode Island 200 5.135206223 2.010561228 92.85423279 South Carolina 199.0751 11.61427212 1.472174764 86.91355133 South Dakota 197.1489 8.655107498 2.369744062 88.97515106 Tennessee 199.2606 10.50650978 1.186736941 88.30675507 Texas 200 8.714021683 1.029929161 90.25605011 Utah 200 7.640614033 92.35938263 Vermont 200 3.35989213 0.863691092 95.77641296 Virginia 200 13.41684055 1.752280593 84.83087921 Washington 199.0567 7.619654655 1.437886357 90.94245911 West Virginia 199.1648 3.142945766 6.329568863 90.52748108 Wisconsin 200 4.963919163 0.99059099 94.04548645 Wyoming 199.6574 8.503624916 1.976356149 89.52001953 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q43c Var. label:  Other ID: An ID card issued by a state or local government outside of  Question:  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Percentages: I have this ID without a picture I don't have this ID at all State N I have this ID with a picture Alabama 199.1288 5.827246666 1.285229325 92.88751984 Alaska 199.468 10.27438545 1.276143432 88.44947052 Arizona 200 10.8960247 0.537880838 88.56609344 Arkansas 200 5.414652348 1.92398417 92.66136169 California 200 11.89351845 2.604606867 85.50187683 Colorado 200 7.015715122 1.594965696 91.38932037 Connecticut 199.2469 5.864750862 1.645558596 92.48969269 Delaware 200 8.270394325 91.72960663 District of Columbia 198.5972 17.74790382 3.382419586 78.86967468 Florida 200 8.824970245 0.434804857 90.74022675 Georgia 199.1299 12.14577579 2.526851177 85.32736969 Hawaii 194.8466 8.312246323 0.237383887 91.45037079 Idaho 200 7.36627388 92.63372803 Illinois 200 7.279528141 1.322349787 91.39812469 Indiana 197.5224 4.691901207 2.141090155 93.16700745 Iowa 198.8624 4.956721783 95.04328156 Kansas 199.3221 6.661802292 2.035678625 91.30252075 Kentucky 200 9.801130295 1.215562582 88.98330688 Louisiana 195.2921 7.015230179 0.821023881 92.16374969 Maine 199.3984 4.431908607 0.184807092 95.38328552 Maryland 200 6.875441551 0.996878505 92.12767792 Massachusetts 200 4.839020729 2.129138231 93.03183746 Michigan 200 7.074469566 0.402850479 92.52268219 Minnesota 199.4367 10.42598343 1.98191762 87.59210205 Mississippi 196.4795 5.018531322 1.136804938 93.84466553 Missouri 200 7.310938358 2.775275707 89.91378784 Montana 199.3592 5.545095444 1.504230261 92.95067596 Nebraska 200 6.522773743 0.463818818 93.01340485 Nevada 200 13.36216259 1.025721431 85.61211395 New Hampshire 200 7.000284195 1.124367833 91.87535095 New Jersey 199.1911 5.970928669 1.10411346 92.92495728 New Mexico 200 5.42083931 1.148297191 93.43086243 New York 199.0857 8.873988152 1.631258249 89.49475098 North Carolina 199.5689 12.83981037 0.988019526 86.17217255 North Dakota 198.556 6.231467247 0.488648474 93.27988434 Ohio 200 7.102824688 0.998726308 91.89845276 Oklahoma 200 7.897913933 0.695940256 91.40614319 Oregon 198.9831 4.22579813 2.743420601 93.03077698 Pennsylvania 199.0913 3.340302467 1.446627736 95.21307373 Rhode Island 198.0878 6.214999676 0.809784353 92.97521973 South Carolina 199.0751 8.881410599 0.598316431 90.5202713 South Dakota 196.6693 3.404948473 0.523477077 96.07157898 Tennessee 200 7.136036873 3.624153852 89.23980713 Texas 199.1116 6.513237476 5.513314724 87.97344971 Utah 200 9.993641853 90.00635529 Vermont 200 6.489695072 0.266847342 93.24346161 Virginia 199.2844 9.023115158 2.186504364 88.79038239 Washington 199.0567 5.450769424 1.57040894 92.9788208 West Virginia 199.1648 8.738202095 2.167696238 89.09410095 Wisconsin 200 5.44217205 1.420177102 93.13764954 Wyoming 199.6574 9.012428284 1.144001961 89.84357452 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q43d Var. label:  Other ID: An ID card from a Native American tribe Question:  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Percentages: I don't have this ID at all State N I have this ID with a picture I have this ID without a picture Alabama 199.1288 1.372192621 98.62780762 Alaska 199.468 8.848006248 4.637163639 86.51483154 Arizona 200 2.155066252 0.431097776 97.41383362 Arkansas 200 0.293662786 1.975005865 97.73133087 California 200 1.041298151 4.394313335 94.56439209 Colorado 200 0.444369912 0.954115987 98.60151672 Connecticut 199.2469 0.352710605 0.491522849 99.15576172 Delaware 200 1.088788629 0.381610423 98.52960205 District of Columbia 198.1024 0.43006894 3.057432652 96.51249695 Florida 200 0.581411898 1.13792336 98.28066254 Georgia 199.1299 3.43500638 0.707060516 95.85793304 Hawaii 194.8466 1.367187262 98.6328125 Idaho 200 0.321605414 99.67839813 Illinois 200 2.04932332 1.031326771 96.91934967 Indiana 196.6718 2.648721695 97.35127258 Iowa 198.8624 0.825136185 99.17486572 Kansas 199.3221 1.519549489 98.48045349 Kentucky 200 3.498398066 1.482940912 95.0186615 Louisiana 195.2921 0.382988364 0.298921406 99.31809235 Maine 199.3984 0.974157035 0.682958543 98.34288788 Maryland 200 1.365372896 0.996878505 97.63774872 Massachusetts 200 1.693523049 98.30648041 Michigan 200 0.562668383 1.299779654 98.13755035 Minnesota 197.1199 1.742974043 0.919654131 97.33737183 Mississippi 196.4795 0.524018288 0.328050792 99.14792633 Missouri 198.9586 3.2723701 1.737262368 94.99036407 Montana 199.3592 2.215415955 0.236532703 97.54804993 Nebraska 200 1.260063171 98.73993683 Nevada 200 0.875759959 1.611824036 97.51241302 New Hampshire 200 0.315571427 99.68442535 New Jersey 199.1911 2.261369705 97.7386322 New Mexico 200 0.908567846 1.99093914 97.10049438 New York 199.0857 0.531634629 1.398937702 98.06942749 North Carolina 199.5689 2.350404978 0.889235258 96.76036072 North Dakota 198.556 2.100658178 1.641814113 96.25752258 Ohio 200 0.561314166 0.501517773 98.93716431 Oklahoma 200 4.414413929 6.246762753 89.33882141 Oregon 198.9831 1.356967807 1.94356668 96.69946289 Pennsylvania 198.253 100 Rhode Island 199.441 2.055782557 0.494479537 97.44973755 South Carolina 199.0751 1.377578259 98.62242126 South Dakota 197.149 4.342478275 0.186868221 95.47064972 Tennessee 200 1.362516403 3.067447186 95.57003784 Texas 199.1116 0.94013536 2.558555603 96.50130463 Utah 200 0.851387918 99.14861298 Vermont 200 1.285177112 1.038887262 97.67593384 Virginia 199.2844 0.963292241 1.754366159 97.282341 Washington 199.0567 1.61751163 1.107222915 97.27526855 West Virginia 199.1648 0.335775912 5.258009434 94.40621185 Wisconsin 199.2123 1.299591064 1.405742645 97.2946701 Wyoming 199.6574 1.963143587 2.978620052 95.05823517 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q43e Var. label:  Other ID: An ID card from a private college or university within  Question:  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Percentages: I don't have this ID at all State N I have this ID with a picture I have this ID without a picture Alabama 199.1288 4.638153076 1.372192621 93.98965454 Alaska 199.1797 4.245549679 95.75444794 Arizona 200 6.412358284 1.70978868 91.87785339 Arkansas 200 8.269491196 0.720454693 91.01005554 California 200 7.656203747 3.749375343 88.59442139 Colorado 200 3.752061129 96.24794006 Connecticut 199.2469 7.660354137 0.491522849 91.84812164 Delaware 200 8.483194351 91.51680756 District of Columbia 198.5972 14.29275608 0.341835678 85.36540985 Florida 200 2.840145826 1.29280889 95.86704254 Georgia 199.1299 7.063477039 1.825233579 91.11128998 Hawaii 194.8466 3.08579278 0.094028115 96.8201828 Idaho 200 2.945249557 0.695130169 96.35961914 Illinois 200 8.572611809 0.453932345 90.97345734 Indiana 197.5224 6.949455261 0.42364952 92.62689972 Iowa 198.0672 5.870351315 0.864336669 93.26531219 Kansas 200 3.200835943 1.560896993 95.23826599 Kentucky 200 4.320379734 2.295572042 93.38404846 Louisiana 195.2921 5.474513054 0.677248657 93.84824371 Maine 199.3984 3.349745989 0.686153531 95.9641037 Maryland 200 4.307228088 1.484121442 94.20864868 Massachusetts 200 8.247667313 1.780894637 89.97143555 Michigan 200 4.51417923 2.115894794 93.36992645 Minnesota 199.4367 7.31665802 2.559865713 90.12347412 Mississippi 196.4795 5.874130249 1.113246918 93.01261902 Missouri 200 9.271697998 2.74174571 87.98655701 Montana 199.3592 2.808745623 97.19125366 Nebraska 200 6.234329224 0.229356974 93.53631592 Nevada 200 4.491641521 1.035538316 94.4728241 New Hampshire 200 5.528330326 94.47167206 New Jersey 198.3326 4.892207146 0.865097344 94.24269104 New Mexico 200 2.23495698 97.76504517 New York 199.0857 9.855012894 1.413473368 88.73151398 North Carolina 199.5689 6.106585026 2.389666796 91.50374603 North Dakota 198.556 1.669489741 0.812168241 97.51834106 Ohio 200 3.9489398 1.00854373 95.04251862 Oklahoma 200 5.48492527 94.51507568 Oregon 198.9831 4.110355854 0.863853574 95.02578735 Pennsylvania 199.0913 4.710506916 1.384268641 93.90522766 Rhode Island 199.441 11.50892544 88.49107361 South Carolina 197.6989 4.761984348 1.047138929 94.19087982 South Dakota 197.1489 2.328477621 97.67152405 Tennessee 200 6.994492531 0.864948153 92.14055634 Texas 199.1116 7.963450909 1.894080162 90.14246368 Utah 200 11.53957558 88.46042633 Vermont 200 2.982385635 0.266847342 96.75077057 Virginia 199.2844 4.274567604 95.72543335 Washington 199.0567 4.10961628 1.072712898 94.81767273 West Virginia 199.1648 6.803164959 2.167696476 91.02914429 Wisconsin 200 4.121998787 2.652130127 93.22586823 Wyoming 199.6574 2.564157486 1.470516801 95.9653244 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q43f Var. label:  Other ID: An ID card from a private college or university outside of  Question:  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Percentages: I have this ID without a picture I don't have this ID at all State N I have this ID with a picture Alabama 199.1288 3.575509787 0.454191208 95.97029877 Alaska 199.468 5.516245365 0.107678317 94.37607574 Arizona 200 1.358898878 2.504127502 96.13697052 Arkansas 200 1.307780266 0.476982474 98.21524048 California 200 0.903658092 6.58636713 92.50997162 Colorado 200 3.46495986 0.565034926 95.97000885 Connecticut 198.484 7.726366043 0.493411899 91.78022003 Delaware 200 2.529403687 1.071476221 96.39911652 District of Columbia 198.5972 8.394934654 3.527011871 88.07804871 Florida 200 1.932873845 0.932435989 97.13468933 Georgia 199.1299 4.828772545 1.65510869 93.51611328 Hawaii 194.8466 2.271129847 97.72887421 Idaho 200 1.570072412 1.27802527 97.15190125 Illinois 200 4.558187008 2.071602106 93.37020874 Indiana 197.5224 1.322277904 0.82846719 97.84925842 Iowa 198.8624 1.225001812 98.77500153 Kansas 198.5529 4.812844753 2.469697714 92.71746063 Kentucky 200 4.055969238 1.898929596 94.04510498 Louisiana 195.2921 1.874496937 2.38496995 95.74053955 Maine 199.3984 2.960659504 0.388060957 96.65128326 Maryland 200 3.849549532 1.126870513 95.02358246 Massachusetts 200 4.368576527 2.226187229 93.40523529 Michigan 200 0.937807918 1.167865396 97.89432526 Minnesota 199.4367 2.566194057 1.231045008 96.20275879 Mississippi 196.4795 5.921496391 0.690793812 93.38771057 Missouri 200 5.399565697 0.666273415 93.93415833 Montana 198.4265 4.8312006 0.310646534 94.8581543 Nebraska 200 2.26800108 97.73200226 Nevada 200 4.043327332 1.837142467 94.11952972 New Hampshire 200 4.64604044 0.251763642 95.10219574 New Jersey 199.1911 1.687988997 2.901543617 95.41046906 New Mexico 198.7552 0.309446901 1.009922147 98.68062592 New York 199.0857 3.960059643 1.69696188 94.34297943 North Carolina 199.5689 2.945654869 0.889235258 96.16510773 North Dakota 198.556 4.087469578 0.561967015 95.35056305 Ohio 200 1.978554249 0.501517773 97.51992798 Oklahoma 200 1.184834123 98.81516266 Oregon 198.9831 5.222663403 0.744059265 94.03327942 Pennsylvania 199.0913 2.294619083 0.421082079 97.28430176 Rhode Island 198.8168 4.348232269 2.000031233 93.65174103 South Carolina 199.0751 2.262011766 0.408938199 97.32904816 South Dakota 197.1489 0.622513831 99.37748718 Tennessee 200 3.64731288 2.133533955 94.21915436 Texas 199.1116 4.107613087 5.201200485 90.691185 Utah 200 0.851387918 99.14861298 Vermont 200 3.535087824 96.46491241 Virginia 199.2844 4.768283367 1.83047998 93.40123749 Washington 199.0567 1.624396205 1.489866734 96.88573456 West Virginia 199.1648 2.35422945 5.258009434 92.38775635 Wisconsin 200 3.540512562 1.372899771 95.086586 Wyoming 199.6574 4.102771759 1.008986831 94.88824463 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q43g Var. label:  Other ID: An ID card from a state college or university within  Question:  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Percentages: I don't have this ID at all State N I have this ID with a picture I have this ID without a picture Alabama 199.1288 11.14509201 0.89172107 87.96318817 Alaska 199.468 11.16882229 3.04821825 85.78295898 Arizona 200 9.856050491 1.516945243 88.62700653 Arkansas 200 9.37357235 1.584881783 89.04154205 California 200 9.772139549 4.372890472 85.85497284 Colorado 200 6.756382942 1.550331473 91.69328308 Connecticut 199.2469 8.331077576 1.041338325 90.62758636 Delaware 200 6.564060688 1.410145402 92.02579498 District of Columbia 198.1004 3.894134283 5.147207737 90.95866394 Florida 200 7.192690849 0.640292227 92.16701508 Georgia 199.1299 10.86044788 1.140955091 87.99859619 Hawaii 194.8466 6.899635315 0.445882499 92.65447998 Idaho 200 7.592992306 0.373524785 92.03348541 Illinois 200 8.677239418 1.687222004 89.63553619 Indiana 197.5224 10.43617821 89.56382751 Iowa 198.8624 10.23104191 0.860880494 88.90808105 Kansas 198.5529 15.91020203 2.008072615 82.08172607 Kentucky 198.9905 8.28913784 0.706367373 91.00449371 Louisiana 195.2921 11.03726673 0.420245826 88.5424881 Maine 199.3984 7.012217999 0.390350163 92.597435 Maryland 200 9.934779167 1.024227619 89.04099274 Massachusetts 199.1293 6.972691536 1.358492494 91.66881561 Michigan 200 9.830946922 0.804276705 89.36477661 Minnesota 199.4367 9.573663712 2.245072603 88.18126678 Mississippi 196.4795 7.896234035 1.7316643 90.37210083 Missouri 199.1979 9.450899124 2.864750862 87.68435669 Montana 199.3592 7.881740093 92.11826324 Nebraska 200 11.09137344 0.961140394 87.94748688 Nevada 200 8.833443642 0.343482614 90.82307434 New Hampshire 200 10.54990482 89.45009613 New Jersey 199.1911 9.4739151 2.006291389 88.51979828 New Mexico 200 14.67018032 0.810723424 84.51909637 New York 199.0857 11.18572044 1.945108056 86.86917114 North Carolina 199.5689 9.956794739 1.225898981 88.81730652 North Dakota 198.556 7.32661581 1.191723824 91.48165894 Ohio 200 5.211501122 1.00854373 93.779953 Oklahoma 200 10.82881927 0.722300768 88.44888306 Oregon 198.9831 5.516893387 3.23732996 91.24577332 Pennsylvania 199.0913 4.901682377 95.09832001 Rhode Island 199.441 9.787911415 0.494479537 89.71761322 South Carolina 199.0751 9.891626358 0.724571228 89.38380432 South Dakota 197.1489 6.072486401 0.414118379 93.51339722 Tennessee 200 8.801978111 1.885097384 89.31292725 Texas 199.1116 8.917203903 4.173648357 86.90914917 Utah 200 18.21309662 0.865345478 80.92155457 Vermont 197.6126 4.923136711 1.076134801 94.00072479 Virginia 199.2844 10.45481873 0.706409752 88.83876801 Washington 200 5.645178795 2.139457226 92.21536255 West Virginia 199.1648 5.812791348 4.679625034 89.50758362 Wisconsin 200 10.9336853 1.694518447 87.37179565 Wyoming 199.6574 8.249329567 1.985435486 89.7652359 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q43h Var. label:  Other ID: An ID card from a state college or university outside of  Question:  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Percentages: I have this ID without a picture I don't have this ID at all State N I have this ID with a picture Alabama 199.1288 0.829631388 2.3412292 96.82913971 Alaska 199.468 5.065309048 0.792589724 94.14209747 Arizona 200 2.073302269 1.516945243 96.40975189 Arkansas 200 1.969413638 1.454128385 96.57645416 California 200 2.798864841 4.804477215 92.39665985 Colorado 200 1.355301738 0.442065865 98.20262909 Connecticut 199.2469 3.595757246 1.128612757 95.27562714 Delaware 200 2.680192471 0.34477067 96.97503662 District of Columbia 198.5972 5.685565948 3.367184162 90.94725037 Florida 199.0748 0.714889348 0.94535774 98.33975983 Georgia 198.027 4.546994209 2.371104717 93.08190155 Hawaii 194.8466 1.216734052 98.78326416 Idaho 200 1.021205187 1.517048717 97.46174622 Illinois 200 2.311110497 3.51507473 94.17381287 Indiana 197.5224 3.206594944 0.490986437 96.30242157 Iowa 198.8624 4.958222866 95.04177856 Kansas 199.3221 2.475112438 2.232546806 95.29234314 Kentucky 200 5.019025803 1.644221306 93.33675385 Louisiana 195.2921 1.307873607 0.6819098 98.01021576 Maine 199.3984 0.962900698 0.680094063 98.35700989 Maryland 200 3.947497845 96.05250549 Massachusetts 199.1293 3.685719013 1.358492494 94.95578766 Michigan 200 1.550985694 0.402850479 98.04616547 Minnesota 199.4367 2.58118701 0.908970714 96.50984192 Mississippi 196.4795 3.482619524 0.742268741 95.77510834 Missouri 200 1.41444993 2.048297882 96.53725433 Montana 199.3592 3.927140951 1.105006218 94.96784973 Nebraska 200 2.238878727 97.76112366 Nevada 200 4.643266201 0.381051213 94.97568512 New Hampshire 200 3.582013369 96.41798401 New Jersey 199.1911 0.640173793 3.577670813 95.7821579 New Mexico 198.7156 0.405923814 0.814719558 98.77935791 New York 199.0857 2.203214407 1.18937993 96.60740662 North Carolina 199.5689 5.048439503 1.367595077 93.58396149 North Dakota 198.556 3.149202824 0.812168241 96.03862762 Ohio 200 2.519504786 0.503203452 96.97729492 Oklahoma 200 0.90770185 99.09230042 Oregon 198.9831 2.439232111 2.128966331 95.43180084 Pennsylvania 199.0913 0.382093519 1.26880765 98.34910583 Rhode Island 199.441 6.463316441 1.793749332 91.74293518 South Carolina 199.0751 2.837003469 0.786312819 96.3766861 South Dakota 197.1489 2.390372515 0.186868235 97.42276001 Tennessee 200 4.079208851 3.067447186 92.85334015 Texas 199.1116 2.963936806 2.774699211 94.26136017 Utah 200 1.59324646 0.698516488 97.70823669 Vermont 200 3.851363897 0.266847342 95.88179016 Virginia 199.2844 5.123933315 1.176790237 93.69927216 Washington 199.0567 4.324876308 0.699612379 94.97550964 West Virginia 199.1648 2.886038542 2.746080875 94.36787415 Wisconsin 200 0.718646407 0.962725937 98.3186264 Wyoming 199.6574 2.552349806 2.321559191 95.126091 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q43i Var. label:  Other ID: A license to carry a firearm issued by  Question:  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Percentages: I don't have this ID at all State N I have this ID with a picture I have this ID without a picture Alabama 199.1288 11.88801384 9.716514587 78.39546967 Alaska 198.7499 5.74940443 1.331970692 92.91862488 Arizona 200 2.071953058 10.75843906 87.16960907 Arkansas 200 10.78848457 1.335214972 87.876297 California 200 3.751645803 4.053826332 92.19452667 Colorado 200 5.549048901 2.009707928 92.44124603 Connecticut 199.2469 7.832692146 0.882035732 91.28527069 Delaware 199.4094 6.828215122 2.05748868 91.11429596 District of Columbia 198.5972 1.910213709 0.613695025 97.47608948 Florida 200 9.236279488 0.888009548 89.87570953 Georgia 198.1949 14.33424282 4.426477432 81.2392807 Hawaii 194.8466 0.37716338 1.136325121 98.48651123 Idaho 200 16.16540909 0.931141376 82.90345001 Illinois 197.6248 15.34975719 4.81014204 79.84009552 Indiana 196.464 7.151712894 15.15620327 77.69207764 Iowa 200 11.00397587 4.858045101 84.1379776 Kansas 199.2309 6.56588459 1.786862969 91.64724731 Kentucky 200 11.66094685 2.99786067 85.34119415 Louisiana 193.4869 6.394924164 2.675356388 90.92971802 Maine 199.3984 6.541281223 6.971018791 86.48770142 Maryland 200 2.5064466 1.418597341 96.0749588 Massachusetts 200 10.10508537 2.216873169 87.67803955 Michigan 199.0962 8.245910645 3.661245346 88.0928421 Minnesota 199.4367 2.786918163 9.07537365 88.13771057 Mississippi 196.4795 9.955936432 3.028560638 87.01550293 Missouri 200 6.536008835 5.965761185 87.49822998 Montana 198.749 11.78104877 1.105260611 87.11369324 Nebraska 200 4.98025322 2.909333706 92.1104126 Nevada 200 9.224268913 1.706129313 89.06960297 New Hampshire 200 1.44803369 12.98080921 85.57115936 New Jersey 199.1911 3.849202871 2.811050892 93.33974457 New Mexico 200 8.381080627 0.733436644 90.88548279 New York 199.0857 6.135847092 3.844132662 90.02001953 North Carolina 199.5689 4.400808811 8.873270988 86.72592163 North Dakota 199.2912 7.598931313 3.527679443 88.8733902 Ohio 199.2146 7.833354473 0.374330699 91.79232025 Oklahoma 200 15.90431499 2.575806618 81.5198822 Oregon 198.9831 12.88237286 1.653760433 85.46386719 Pennsylvania 199.0913 15.05750942 1.208432913 83.73406219 Rhode Island 199.441 1.746560693 1.809103131 96.44433594 South Carolina 199.0751 11.87919903 1.434414268 86.68638611 South Dakota 198.1785 5.518627644 22.48569107 71.99568176 Tennessee 200 15.15951443 4.0526371 80.78784943 Texas 196.7615 4.461117268 3.472369909 92.06651306 Utah 200 13.34662151 1.137393236 85.51598358 Vermont 200 6.203934193 0.510789156 93.28527832 Virginia 199.0325 2.872546196 11.24421215 85.88323975 Washington 199.0567 2.58664155 12.73319149 84.68016815 West Virginia 198.2335 9.487584114 8.763634682 81.7487793 Wisconsin 200 2.074430466 9.270683289 88.65488434 Wyoming 199.6574 13.65753841 4.50307703 81.83938599 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q43j Var. label:  Other ID: A voter registration card issued by  Question:  The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Percentages: I don't have this ID at all State N I have this ID with a picture I have this ID without a picture Alabama 199.1288 14.76378345 41.45206833 43.78414536 Alaska 200 17.28664398 76.13783264 6.575524807 Arizona 200 11.37511635 73.77310181 14.85177898 Arkansas 200 15.17784786 59.58200073 25.24015236 California 200 5.348167896 25.50157928 69.1502533 Colorado 199.1391 6.435895443 34.31698227 59.24712372 Connecticut 199.2469 1.294273496 11.28661537 87.41911316 Delaware 200 14.00825024 68.6078186 17.38393021 District of Columbia 198.3427 12.48708153 71.56958771 15.94333076 Florida 200 11.89691734 73.37659454 14.72648525 Georgia 200 14.89353275 52.13474655 32.97172165 Hawaii 194.8466 6.549427032 21.20271492 72.24785614 Idaho 200 2.491808891 19.91903687 77.5891571 Illinois 200 15.60252285 58.71549225 25.68197823 Indiana 197.5224 11.73225021 45.53876877 42.72898483 Iowa 200 9.506591797 64.5954361 25.89797592 Kansas 198.5529 10.26040363 50.8320694 38.90752792 Kentucky 200 9.944446564 20.8586731 69.19687653 Louisiana 195.4741 13.12559032 66.87473297 19.99967575 Maine 199.3984 2.788818598 6.827492237 90.38368988 Maryland 200 12.0300808 65.36320496 22.60671806 Massachusetts 200 4.803620815 5.492435455 89.70394135 Michigan 200 10.83223057 72.61086273 16.55690384 Minnesota 199.4367 6.940055847 29.74529648 63.31465149 Mississippi 196.884 13.90637684 61.48388672 24.6097393 Missouri 200 12.93789291 68.9672699 18.09483337 Montana 200 6.757599354 57.27058029 35.97181702 Nebraska 196.1052 8.022795677 50.71029663 41.26690674 Nevada 200 14.93140125 52.26037598 32.80822372 New Hampshire 200 1.788157463 3.206912041 95.00492859 New Jersey 199.1911 7.186384201 35.53800583 57.27560806 New Mexico 198.7821 13.33693027 67.77805328 18.8850174 New York 199.0857 8.581342697 35.38897324 56.02968216 North Carolina 199.5689 16.28289223 45.01016998 38.70693588 North Dakota 198.556 3.304089785 1.721572161 94.97433472 Ohio 200 8.267124176 19.00553703 72.7273407 Oklahoma 200 16.99087524 72.74033356 10.26879311 Oregon 198.9831 10.70992374 46.32777405 42.96230316 Pennsylvania 200 10.12773991 66.5915451 23.28071594 Rhode Island 199.441 5.386169434 35.23982239 59.37400818 South Carolina 199.0751 21.3632679 69.0819931 9.554737091 South Dakota 198.9705 3.017355204 28.93255424 68.0500946 Tennessee 200 20.02451706 73.22093201 6.754554272 Texas 199.1116 14.39326286 64.47370911 21.13302422 Utah 200 11.17995167 42.87257004 45.94747925 Vermont 200 4.352519989 9.624975204 86.02250671 Virginia 200 15.06185532 65.74371338 19.19443321 Washington 199.0567 7.606820107 69.28180695 23.11137199 West Virginia 200 16.8109417 77.20980072 5.979256153 Wisconsin 200 4.834697723 5.828507423 89.33679199 Wyoming 199.6574 7.672729969 18.89851761 73.42875671 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q43k Var. label:  Other ID: An ID card issued by an agency or department of the federal government that you have not already indicated Question:  Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Percentages: I don't have this ID at all State N I have this ID with a picture I have this ID without a picture Alabama 199.1288 6.855554104 7.820156097 85.32428741 Alaska 199.468 14.51582336 7.534812927 77.94936371 Arizona 200 9.695151329 10.27369785 80.03115082 Arkansas 200 9.579896927 4.02485466 86.39524841 California 199.5612 10.74622822 6.024233818 83.22953796 Colorado 200 7.92778635 6.22938633 85.84282684 Connecticut 198.484 5.513153076 3.370088339 91.11675262 Delaware 200 5.857824802 7.156441212 86.98573303 District of Columbia 198.5972 21.20840645 7.832741261 70.95884705 Florida 200 9.388804436 5.77523756 84.83596039 Georgia 199.1299 7.235040188 6.025980949 86.73897552 Hawaii 200 14.89144135 9.42161274 75.68694305 Idaho 199.484 6.697433472 2.645891905 90.65667725 Illinois 200 9.337434769 2.99732542 87.66523743 Indiana 197.5224 7.028870583 3.758030176 89.21310425 Iowa 200 8.602835655 4.869129658 86.52803802 Kansas 199.2309 7.684746742 4.196427822 88.11882019 Kentucky 200 8.175272942 6.812096119 85.01263428 Louisiana 194.2258 8.456065178 6.107544422 85.43638611 Maine 199.3984 9.692051888 3.508880854 86.79907227 Maryland 200 11.19802666 8.636014938 80.16595459 Massachusetts 200 6.158135891 5.086648464 88.75521851 Michigan 200 6.520068645 6.791729927 86.6882019 Minnesota 199.4367 3.592040062 5.342346668 91.06561279 Mississippi 196.4795 7.111297607 5.400761604 87.48793793 Missouri 199.0452 8.752594948 6.152117729 85.09528351 Montana 199.3592 9.022444725 4.75128746 86.22626495 Nebraska 200 8.60479641 5.359013557 86.03619385 Nevada 200 10.35529423 7.942987919 81.70172119 New Hampshire 200 9.873368263 3.035762072 87.09086609 New Jersey 200 9.437883377 6.608318329 83.95379639 New Mexico 200 12.62489986 5.661834717 81.71326447 New York 199.0857 11.5650034 5.970376968 82.46461487 North Carolina 199.5689 8.117828369 6.176501751 85.70567322 North Dakota 199.2648 5.601623535 1.16500473 93.23336792 Ohio 200 8.261874199 2.118946075 89.61917877 Oklahoma 200 11.43441963 4.242850304 84.32273102 Oregon 198.9831 10.46714687 5.069802284 84.46305084 Pennsylvania 199.0913 5.759033203 1.665531039 92.57543182 Rhode Island 199.441 6.926629543 2.811411858 90.26196289 South Carolina 199.0751 9.739806175 3.872543097 86.38764954 South Dakota 198.9705 10.64097691 89.35902405 Tennessee 200 12.55681992 4.817592144 82.62558746 Texas 199.1116 11.73696518 5.469336033 82.79369354 Utah 200 9.514790535 6.029168129 84.45603943 Vermont 200 11.77082539 6.226896286 82.00228119 Virginia 197.0504 15.72296524 1.575837374 82.70120239 Washington 199.0567 6.859691143 7.186753273 85.95355988 West Virginia 199.1648 11.81768894 9.132822037 79.04949188 Wisconsin 200 7.469376087 2.539027929 89.99159241 Wyoming 199.6574 11.10579395 7.725479603 81.16872406 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q43l Var. label:  Other ID: An ID card issued by an agency or department of the state of  that you have not already indicated Question:  Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Percentages: I don't have this ID at all State N I have this ID with a picture I have this ID without a picture Alabama 199.1288 12.5617466 3.153949976 84.28430176 Alaska 200 24.13203239 5.544737339 70.32322693 Arizona 200 20.43804932 6.011435509 73.55051422 Arkansas 200 20.17060471 2.130714417 77.69867706 California 200 18.54696655 8.42994976 73.02308655 Colorado 199.0988 14.45868015 0.967632115 84.57368469 Connecticut 199.2469 12.79212093 1.804861069 85.40301514 Delaware 200 17.31109238 2.887779713 79.80112457 District of Columbia 198.5972 18.79150963 1.596428394 79.61206055 Florida 200 19.87483025 3.286954165 76.83821106 Georgia 199.1299 14.44536877 5.008058548 80.54656982 Hawaii 194.8466 17.82469559 0.970660627 81.20464325 Idaho 200 15.77165413 2.473017454 81.75532532 Illinois 200 23.2387886 4.211787224 72.54942322 Indiana 197.5224 16.61586761 2.414759636 80.96937561 Iowa 200 16.33828926 3.14224267 80.51947021 Kansas 199.3221 11.90494537 2.360458851 85.73459625 Kentucky 200 16.81609535 3.003911972 80.17999268 Louisiana 196.4787 20.88325882 4.615595341 74.50114441 Maine 199.3984 15.68081856 1.435770392 82.88341522 Maryland 200 14.5436058 7.160804749 78.29558563 Massachusetts 200 21.01508522 3.215418816 75.7694931 Michigan 199.0962 12.34077549 6.227171421 81.43205261 Minnesota 200 13.03359509 1.188056231 85.77835083 Mississippi 196.4795 18.26756287 2.643421412 79.08901215 Missouri 200 15.32930374 4.962063313 79.70863342 Montana 199.3592 15.763978 2.531337023 81.70468903 Nebraska 200 22.98212814 4.095983028 72.92189026 Nevada 200 21.38485909 1.565842986 77.04930115 New Hampshire 200 14.25283718 1.045874119 84.70128632 New Jersey 199.1911 21.26914215 7.302102089 71.42875671 New Mexico 200 17.94251823 2.081743002 79.97573853 New York 199.0857 25.98575401 6.549010277 67.46523285 North Carolina 200 16.89234161 3.851526022 79.25613403 North Dakota 199.2912 11.96376324 1.911117554 86.12511444 Ohio 200 16.26146317 2.707341433 81.03119659 Oklahoma 200 11.32018757 2.067276239 86.61253357 Oregon 198.9831 21.34998703 3.740041971 74.90997314 Pennsylvania 199.0913 15.59215832 4.382843018 80.02500153 Rhode Island 198.8169 14.30639935 3.163146257 82.53044891 South Carolina 199.0751 12.36964512 3.817692757 83.81266022 South Dakota 198.1785 16.57732582 1.348197341 82.07447815 Tennessee 200 17.67071724 6.30319643 76.0260849 Texas 200 17.07168579 6.171070099 76.75724792 Utah 200 16.7994175 1.916024804 81.28456116 Vermont 200 21.05542755 3.088670492 75.85590363 Virginia 200 18.57828522 1.303958535 80.11775208 Washington 199.0567 14.38605499 4.780304432 80.83364105 West Virginia 199.1648 24.01696587 1.592072964 74.39096832 Wisconsin 200 20.11081886 3.914758682 75.97441864 Wyoming 200 17.16682243 7.293942451 75.53923798 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q43m Var. label:  Other ID: An ID card issued by an agency of a local government in  that you have not already indicated Question:  Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. Percentages: I don't have this ID at all State N I have this ID with a picture I have this ID without a picture Alabama 199.1288 4.756983757 2.647513628 92.59550476 Alaska 199.468 11.40157032 2.856744528 85.74168396 Arizona 200 5.520145416 3.556848288 90.92300415 Arkansas 198.865 4.584810257 2.457455158 92.95773315 California 200 7.509976387 3.419328213 89.07069397 Colorado 200 5.10981226 0.78596586 94.10422516 Connecticut 197.3083 3.753516197 0.911200464 95.33528137 Delaware 199.3105 4.406115055 2.339745998 93.25414276 District of Columbia 198.5972 7.97287178 3.337779284 88.68934631 Florida 200 7.037260532 1.65208447 91.31065369 Georgia 198.027 7.802289009 2.594666481 89.6030426 Hawaii 200 12.11657524 8.074394226 79.80902863 Idaho 200 5.683824062 1.102196217 93.21398163 Illinois 200 7.459551334 4.831983089 87.70846558 Indiana 197.5224 4.151426315 0.386187404 95.46238708 Iowa 200 6.032094955 1.510802388 92.45709991 Kansas 199.3221 3.412091494 1.819889665 94.76802063 Kentucky 200 6.044935703 2.86142993 91.09363556 Louisiana 197.7471 7.516617298 2.828747272 89.65463257 Maine 199.3984 2.121523857 1.123888969 96.75458527 Maryland 200 4.048870087 1.047445536 94.90368652 Massachusetts 200 5.579877377 2.538784504 91.88134003 Michigan 199.0962 1.52182889 3.453785658 95.02438354 Minnesota 199.4367 5.790763378 1.279491782 92.92974854 Mississippi 196.4795 3.155335188 1.298080206 95.54658508 Missouri 200 5.493598938 3.627591848 90.87880707 Montana 199.3592 2.879793882 2.404617071 94.71559143 Nebraska 199.339 3.162517548 2.508740902 94.32874298 Nevada 200 12.04718399 1.170633912 86.78218079 New Hampshire 200 5.821709633 2.249326706 91.92896271 New Jersey 199.1911 12.35263348 5.508095741 82.1392746 New Mexico 200 2.912405252 2.075613976 95.01197815 New York 199.0857 13.31011105 3.429342747 83.26054382 North Carolina 200 7.596950054 0.487666905 91.91538239 North Dakota 198.556 5.52862978 0.147955701 94.32341003 Ohio 200 4.278224945 0.37286064 95.3489151 Oklahoma 200 4.398456097 0.497012675 95.10453033 Oregon 198.9831 9.118001938 2.167760134 88.71424103 Pennsylvania 198.1658 3.686540842 96.3134613 Rhode Island 199.441 3.041407824 1.79221499 95.16638184 South Carolina 199.0751 2.672887087 3.052360773 94.27474976 South Dakota 198.1785 5.668812752 0.126300558 94.20488739 Tennessee 200 7.573735237 2.738764048 89.6875 Texas 199.1116 4.953737259 4.264062881 90.78219604 Utah 200 1.342203617 3.220216513 95.43757629 Vermont 199.5121 4.191020012 2.512976646 93.29600525 Virginia 198.2953 7.218687057 1.208052158 91.57326508 Washington 199.0567 4.201370239 4.575048447 91.22357941 West Virginia 199.1648 5.333305836 6.080032825 88.58665466 Wisconsin 200 3.099683285 3.632156372 93.26815796 Wyoming 199.6574 6.927173615 1.5499897 91.52283478 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q44a Var. label:  Reform proposals: Allow absentee voting over the Internet Question:  Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Percentages: State N Support strongly Support somewhat Oppose somewhat Oppose strongly Alabama 199.1288 14.90175819 23.4277668 17.52316666 44.14730835 Alaska 200 11.49138165 24.66506386 19.69722366 44.14633179 Arizona 200 11.50922966 18.07089043 23.0860405 47.33383942 Arkansas 200 17.89554787 20.13615417 19.11544037 42.85285568 California 199.3824 15.18202972 26.37804413 22.77093315 35.6689949 Colorado 200 9.505977631 19.86868668 21.69857025 48.92676544 Connecticut 200 10.63819408 16.7818203 28.24692345 44.33306122 Delaware 200 13.68346119 28.1037426 21.04386711 37.16893005 District of Columbia 196.3999 21.73131752 32.08731461 17.59220314 28.58916664 Florida 199.1278 11.24954987 19.77721024 20.04857445 48.92466354 Georgia 199.1299 12.82069492 22.08876228 23.67762184 41.41291809 Hawaii 199.8772 17.16532516 20.57809448 24.6840477 37.57253265 Idaho 200 12.66537857 19.41399193 20.83310318 47.08752441 Illinois 200 13.01511383 27.75365448 16.78798866 42.44324112 Indiana 196.5396 16.55389595 17.97756767 24.28103256 41.18750381 Iowa 200 14.07622719 16.34410667 23.72515297 45.85451126 Kansas 197.6214 13.42361927 20.25361824 23.70118713 42.62157822 Kentucky 200 13.13861752 23.34749413 12.32634926 51.18753815 Louisiana 196.4787 21.26110649 15.41292953 17.24101067 46.08495331 Maine 199.3984 6.096806526 19.47184944 20.96529961 53.46604538 Maryland 198.5636 14.23918438 21.86055565 23.00680733 40.89344788 Massachusetts 200 13.08236408 21.45377541 19.59029961 45.87355804 Michigan 200 16.38048172 21.22004128 22.67553902 39.72393799 Minnesota 200 12.65285778 14.53198051 20.92233276 51.8928299 Mississippi 197.4277 14.49311638 14.62181282 18.6581955 52.22687531 Missouri 200 15.93577671 17.67729759 20.05897141 46.32795334 Montana 200 10.48789978 13.41296005 25.48737907 50.61175919 Nebraska 200 8.574032784 22.72980881 22.92808723 45.76807022 Nevada 200 17.1067524 18.55172539 15.82380581 48.51771927 New Hampshire 199.3739 9.731816292 17.11195374 15.31305122 57.84318161 New Jersey 200 15.44862556 22.18046379 20.34329414 42.02761841 New Mexico 200 8.631269455 24.34172249 19.65436172 47.37264633 New York 199.0857 17.39527321 21.55075836 20.28250504 40.77146149 North Carolina 199.5689 13.77920818 19.25691223 16.16818047 50.79570007 North Dakota 200 7.325722218 21.96744728 25.18030357 45.5265274 Ohio 200 14.77893639 23.04111099 21.02543259 41.15452194 Oklahoma 200 12.05599689 17.87547112 15.80918217 54.25934982 Oregon 200 9.477529526 23.50347328 21.0665741 45.9524231 Pennsylvania 200 14.29219246 18.2596817 16.87313271 50.57499313 Rhode Island 199.441 20.38174629 19.95259285 24.30845833 35.35719681 South Carolina 199.0751 22.84826279 14.64601231 20.21021461 42.29550934 South Dakota 198.9705 18.28936195 16.37572098 16.10174179 49.23316956 Tennessee 198.5323 15.21047211 13.4867115 24.84566307 46.45715714 Texas 198.7175 14.09650707 19.60556602 16.43820763 49.85971832 Utah 200 15.50578976 26.69126701 21.01873779 36.78420639 Vermont 200 11.87181473 23.09643745 20.68867683 44.34307098 Virginia 200 14.12282753 18.68540192 20.02556801 47.16620255 Washington 200 10.7067976 17.21735954 26.7740612 45.3017807 West Virginia 200 9.226258278 30.18313599 18.98750496 41.60309982 Wisconsin 200 13.9080286 19.85226059 19.92455101 46.31515884 Wyoming 200 15.16985321 21.14307213 16.91800499 46.76906967 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q44b Var. label:  Reform proposals: Voting using cell phones Question:  Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Percentages: State N Support strongly Support somewhat Oppose somewhat Oppose strongly Alabama 199.1288 5.677003384 10.74384499 20.52947235 63.0496788 Alaska 200 6.804340363 7.637814999 19.82096291 65.73687744 Arizona 200 5.422446251 10.75477695 16.15970421 67.66307068 Arkansas 200 9.898638725 15.93390179 22.50111389 51.66634369 California 198.6339 8.894569397 15.51001453 17.11915588 58.47626114 Colorado 200 1.26506269 15.7472229 20.68001938 62.3076973 Connecticut 200 4.926688194 13.27980804 18.21054268 63.58296204 Delaware 200 8.349874496 12.08349705 25.1466732 54.41995621 District of Columbia 199.1917 14.37122917 17.72598267 23.32768059 44.57510757 Florida 200 3.485933065 13.21935368 13.99616528 69.29854584 Georgia 200 6.685075283 18.23692131 14.48966694 60.58833694 Hawaii 200 4.137138367 14.92970371 23.09925842 57.83390045 Idaho 200 5.411197186 8.005366325 19.05228233 67.53115082 Illinois 200 4.915784836 18.8206501 15.25684357 61.0067215 Indiana 197.5224 10.98923683 12.77213001 21.86775017 54.37088776 Iowa 200 7.405796051 7.307615757 21.94166374 63.34492493 Kansas 200 4.398026943 10.10859108 25.35051537 60.14286423 Kentucky 200 6.380268097 13.07427692 16.14659119 64.39886475 Louisiana 196.5404 9.486159325 8.480052948 17.8639183 64.16986847 Maine 199.3984 3.002612591 11.71472359 17.39957619 67.88308716 Maryland 198.5636 7.545196056 9.459580421 19.31809235 63.67713547 Massachusetts 200 6.752876282 6.742791176 21.26814842 65.23618317 Michigan 199.0962 7.207115173 9.803618431 19.36627007 63.62299347 Minnesota 200 2.680192232 9.395542145 17.82618141 70.0980835 Mississippi 197.4277 8.570373535 9.243021965 14.1980238 67.9885788 Missouri 200 9.89645195 10.8842802 16.65325928 62.56600952 Montana 200 4.564368725 8.457618713 19.39591217 67.58209991 Nebraska 200 4.670674324 14.50731754 21.95861626 58.86339188 Nevada 199.2143 10.99244118 11.09750175 12.27617836 65.63388062 New Hampshire 199.3739 4.633526802 5.662259102 16.18861771 73.51559448 New Jersey 200 9.469264984 13.95249081 22.40435219 54.17389297 New Mexico 200 3.089070797 10.97280693 21.07144547 64.86667633 New York 199.0857 9.908297539 11.46916771 18.01315498 60.60937881 North Carolina 200 6.476873398 16.52091026 17.50607872 59.49613953 North Dakota 200 2.074822426 12.0165453 21.44276047 64.46587372 Ohio 200 5.639029026 13.6304903 19.33179283 61.39868546 Oklahoma 200 5.448039532 11.56497002 14.20692253 68.78006744 Oregon 200 4.957149506 15.75301266 18.19137955 61.09845734 Pennsylvania 200 5.212067127 10.57931805 19.11193466 65.09667969 Rhode Island 199.441 12.3046627 13.48691559 17.29260063 56.91582108 South Carolina 199.0751 14.08385372 9.113485336 15.49395752 61.30870056 South Dakota 198.9705 6.812543392 11.91295815 17.85589981 63.41859436 Tennessee 200 9.013226509 11.68240166 15.93265915 63.37171173 Texas 200 13.4032526 11.2252121 14.38667297 60.98486328 Utah 200 7.81581974 12.24728966 21.91519165 58.021698 Vermont 200 5.238816738 10.21532536 27.3263607 57.21949768 Virginia 199.2083 7.009969234 11.11549377 16.12454605 65.74999237 Washington 200 3.223213434 11.96429539 19.63714409 65.17534637 West Virginia 200 8.752923965 9.020771027 17.98438454 64.24192047 Wisconsin 200 6.403963566 11.97018433 18.24761391 63.37823868 Wyoming 199.4359 9.455032349 8.982553482 17.80640984 63.75600433 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q44c Var. label:  Reform proposals: Run all elections by mail Question:  Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Percentages: State N Support strongly Support somewhat Oppose somewhat Oppose strongly Alabama 199.1288 4.792693615 11.62226391 23.55620956 60.02883148 Alaska 200 15.07023716 14.98319244 22.17932701 47.76724243 Arizona 198.332 12.96438885 28.23476982 27.416502 31.38434029 Arkansas 200 8.389983177 14.7367506 24.18656158 52.68670273 California 200 14.275177 28.53944016 25.8528862 31.33249664 Colorado 200 21.45419502 30.3602562 26.7988987 21.38665009 Connecticut 199.2372 4.703288555 13.7130146 21.61108208 59.97261429 Delaware 200 5.608309269 13.23688126 31.84799957 49.30681229 District of Columbia 199.1917 15.40610123 25.05277824 22.24225616 37.29886627 Florida 200 5.894468784 16.92663193 29.90652084 47.27237701 Georgia 200 7.462270737 14.38796902 21.37111473 56.77864456 Hawaii 196.9796 17.95262527 24.81684113 34.38570404 22.84483147 Idaho 200 6.958223343 15.89023495 28.00037956 49.15116119 Illinois 199.0921 6.387776375 15.54739475 25.96419525 52.10063553 Indiana 197.5224 6.473174572 12.61270714 22.58053017 58.33358765 Iowa 199.0475 8.786906242 10.71443939 34.19953537 46.29911804 Kansas 200 4.112478733 16.87177086 38.50610352 40.50964355 Kentucky 200 7.945493221 12.6878252 19.8829174 59.48376465 Louisiana 195.2921 10.56052971 14.8437233 21.31495285 53.28079605 Maine 199.3984 4.640829563 14.34746742 25.39328957 55.61841583 Maryland 198.5636 8.120059013 13.1493454 25.42160988 53.30898666 Massachusetts 200 6.989458561 14.69943619 26.22438622 52.08671951 Michigan 200 9.35260582 16.1486721 26.78647232 47.71224976 Minnesota 200 6.473867893 14.10255527 26.26098824 53.16258621 Mississippi 197.4277 8.102358818 9.083540916 16.0001564 66.81394196 Missouri 200 6.473121643 14.97149658 19.77987671 58.77550507 Montana 200 13.90615845 28.45353699 32.23439026 25.40591431 Nebraska 200 6.352172852 15.74560547 35.58275223 42.31946945 Nevada 200 8.345108986 13.0471859 24.38204384 54.22566223 New Hampshire 199.3739 4.503083229 8.681365967 17.07251549 69.74303436 New Jersey 200 7.436851978 22.85341644 27.08812714 42.62160492 New Mexico 200 5.783516407 20.07580185 23.13686943 51.00381088 New York 200 6.582178116 13.85588455 29.24897385 50.31296539 North Carolina 199.0893 8.774264336 12.71455479 21.96519661 56.54598618 North Dakota 200 3.41540122 16.95059776 34.20299149 45.43100739 Ohio 200 9.643426895 17.52640724 29.48962593 43.34053802 Oklahoma 200 4.508976936 10.24813175 22.19527626 63.04761505 Oregon 200 39.21493912 35.12955475 16.33278275 9.322719574 Pennsylvania 200 3.617201328 12.1926136 22.54120445 61.64897919 Rhode Island 199.441 6.740564823 13.71339226 25.22576332 54.32028198 South Carolina 199.0751 7.069083691 8.027479172 27.58213234 57.32130432 South Dakota 198.9705 6.807087898 9.595990181 23.83285332 59.76407242 Tennessee 200 5.795094013 10.84529972 25.78574371 57.57386398 Texas 198.7175 9.106032372 15.54849339 23.66291428 51.68255997 Utah 200 12.59436321 26.63298798 31.46648788 29.30615997 Vermont 200 7.136843204 16.5238781 24.99958229 51.33969879 Virginia 200 3.51128149 16.99879265 21.54325676 57.94667053 Washington 200 29.41019058 33.58360672 21.52747154 15.4787302 200 3.76376009 15.33810329 26.88559914 54.0125351 West Virginia Wisconsin 200 3.023738384 16.35532379 26.28391457 54.33702087 Wyoming 199.4359 6.428594589 14.00417233 29.9666996 49.60053253 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q44d Var. label:  Reform proposals: Automatically register all citizens over 18 to vote Question:  Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Percentages: State N Support strongly Support somewhat Oppose somewhat Oppose strongly Alabama 199.1287 40.76659393 20.60922623 14.42615604 24.19803047 Alaska 200 39.82038116 22.50950241 8.029015541 29.64109993 Arizona 200 35.28507614 21.86729813 18.72732925 24.12028885 Arkansas 200 34.77684402 28.61319542 18.04360771 18.56635475 California 200 42.04300308 20.47501564 16.55059433 20.93138695 Colorado 200 36.67258835 21.98311043 11.08079815 30.26350212 Connecticut 200 37.66899872 26.71808434 12.79516792 22.81774902 Delaware 200 44.0874939 26.51046753 14.22239494 15.17964458 District of Columbia 199.1917 60.04706955 23.15433502 8.911994934 7.886599064 Florida 200 40.54183578 20.37244034 19.91031456 19.17540932 Georgia 200 37.84144974 21.86914635 16.61881256 23.67059135 Hawaii 200 31.6338768 27.28029251 26.18533134 14.90049934 Idaho 200 26.93723297 19.96650314 24.70249176 28.39377213 Illinois 200 47.29531097 20.54550362 15.36502838 16.79415512 Indiana 197.5224 41.18091965 17.54985046 19.62414551 21.64508057 Iowa 200 30.4870491 25.4352169 21.56233788 22.51539612 Kansas 200 35.34486008 20.51323128 21.05264282 23.08926773 Kentucky 200 39.88735962 19.02084923 19.73421288 21.35758018 Louisiana 194.2258 37.54753113 24.35934448 11.89173698 26.20138359 Maine 199.3984 27.65398788 30.94458961 16.25481033 25.14661598 Maryland 198.5636 43.34910583 24.40760612 14.10147476 18.14180946 Massachusetts 200 43.85941315 21.05207253 15.4954052 19.59310913 Michigan 199.1755 47.11078644 26.14958 12.96505928 13.77457047 Minnesota 200 35.43225479 23.68706131 19.38469696 21.49598503 Mississippi 197.4277 38.76116943 18.30575943 19.40926552 23.52380753 Missouri 200 40.88967133 17.98991966 15.90817547 25.21223259 Montana 200 33.98868179 19.60671043 16.21831894 30.18628693 Nebraska 200 38.05950546 22.32335281 13.83380413 25.78334427 Nevada 200 38.39229965 20.55416489 13.71450329 27.33903503 New Hampshire 199.3739 37.20223618 20.23432922 13.35483932 29.20859528 New Jersey 200 41.4573822 25.33703613 13.55972481 19.64585876 New Mexico 200 36.99856949 19.27684975 18.98983002 24.73475075 New York 199.0857 42.03988266 28.58702278 11.53810215 17.83498955 North Carolina 199.5689 43.43307114 17.95500183 14.98470211 23.62722206 North Dakota 200 31.83175468 35.2061348 19.33991241 13.6221981 Ohio 200 44.49975967 18.26087761 16.22211075 21.01725388 Oklahoma 200 32.18304443 23.26722336 12.81073475 31.73899651 Oregon 200 39.27464676 19.22376251 13.72655582 27.77503395 Pennsylvania 200 35.41892624 22.49980354 16.31311417 25.76815605 Rhode Island 199.441 48.60508728 27.30179787 12.45475006 11.6383667 199.0751 39.78689957 20.58458328 17.12052345 22.50799561 South Carolina South Dakota 198.9705 29.92476082 18.72710419 21.02342606 30.32470322 Tennessee 200 37.91669464 20.90606117 16.76383972 24.41340637 Texas 198.7175 40.39050674 23.56595802 11.38196564 24.6615696 Utah 200 27.9990139 27.34794426 23.55667305 21.09636688 Vermont 200 54.21961212 19.52015686 10.98344898 15.27677441 Virginia 200 37.84096146 18.89398766 19.10517502 24.15986824 Washington 200 41.34597778 21.61789703 11.39812469 25.63800049 West Virginia 200 34.25440598 25.79399872 18.40352249 21.54807281 Wisconsin 200 42.52232742 22.72408676 13.90517712 20.84840012 Wyoming 200 21.94438362 24.44037819 26.96077538 26.65446281 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q44e Var. label:  Reform proposals: Allow people to register on Election Day at the polls Question:  Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Percentages: State N Support strongly Support somewhat Oppose somewhat Oppose strongly Alabama 199.1288 25.4429493 19.23258018 19.41852379 35.90594864 Alaska 200 34.17987442 26.01361084 16.02851868 23.77799797 Arizona 200 28.79711533 18.75255203 23.58391762 28.86641502 Arkansas 200 30.00454712 26.54544067 20.62343407 22.82657814 California 200 37.07381058 21.86458969 14.27989483 26.78170776 Colorado 200 41.21879959 18.87334442 14.68131256 25.22654152 Connecticut 200 35.83179474 29.08977318 13.36737728 21.71105385 Delaware 200 38.23968124 21.8217926 19.07153893 20.86698723 District of Columbia 199.1917 62.87025833 20.2966671 11.24741936 5.58564949 Florida 199.1278 26.54480934 18.48515701 25.81281662 29.15721512 Georgia 200 29.57544899 21.18789482 20.78805542 28.44860077 Hawaii 200 31.9987278 35.55187225 18.19534111 14.25405788 Idaho 199.087 55.7878952 23.81056023 10.1235714 10.27797699 Illinois 200 43.90192795 21.63563156 14.1434164 20.31902313 Indiana 200 32.86168289 19.07810402 23.23923492 24.82098007 Iowa 200 44.39663315 23.92072678 16.95418549 14.72845459 Kansas 200 32.53465271 19.88636017 19.46166229 28.11732292 Kentucky 200 28.99403763 21.39758873 17.57521057 32.03316116 Louisiana 195.2921 28.03634644 17.5584259 13.55333805 40.85189056 Maine 199.3984 52.41931534 21.94806099 8.606998444 17.02562904 Maryland 197.792 31.61474419 23.67189598 14.35322475 30.36013412 Massachusetts 200 38.2408638 20.00079346 20.35628128 21.40206337 Michigan 200 33.71137238 20.11143684 17.20895767 28.9682312 Minnesota 200 57.31237793 25.10865784 8.132174492 9.446788788 Mississippi 199.5087 29.07697678 15.58143425 14.61736965 40.72422028 Missouri 200 30.22318077 21.39020348 19.56280136 28.82381439 Montana 200 36.64189529 22.11214828 11.57965374 29.66630554 Nebraska 200 26.64110947 23.20141602 21.76728821 28.3901844 Nevada 200 27.89967728 22.69517326 13.10833931 36.29681015 New Hampshire 199.3739 59.94768143 15.52553368 8.981061935 15.54571629 New Jersey 200 39.31228638 21.39966965 14.26261234 25.02543831 New Mexico 199.3562 29.40819168 20.71038628 17.23282242 32.64859772 New York 199.0857 37.68061066 24.05775642 18.42747498 19.83416557 North Carolina 199.5689 36.90019226 21.23199844 16.77462578 25.09318161 North Dakota 200 39.26980209 37.26796341 15.23567867 8.226553917 Ohio 200 33.0288887 23.52802467 19.34257507 24.10051346 Oklahoma 200 28.52880287 14.8760376 17.53456116 39.06059647 Oregon 200 33.23028183 23.56624794 12.84273052 30.36073875 Pennsylvania 200 28.43574524 15.31983471 21.6048336 34.6395874 Rhode Island 199.441 38.42479706 25.56293297 16.69595146 19.31631279 South Carolina 199.0751 31.54458427 17.76799965 19.17511368 31.5123024 South Dakota 198.9705 26.58301735 19.21129036 22.99770355 31.20798302 Tennessee 200 28.5773716 21.85578918 18.01224899 31.55459023 Texas 200 30.14697838 23.15507126 17.9664135 28.73153687 Utah 200 35.8948288 26.22383499 20.26890373 17.61243057 Vermont 199.4015 44.99407959 23.09749985 15.9612484 15.9471693 Virginia 200 32.75738907 10.95920277 25.31373405 30.96967697 Washington 200 39.44693375 12.12060452 20.06739998 28.36507034 West Virginia 200 26.54244423 23.51921654 21.51548958 28.42284966 Wisconsin 200 56.7272377 18.84753799 13.76089287 10.66433144 Wyoming 200 55.05286026 27.32625771 10.00273514 7.618139267 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q44f Var. label:  Reform proposals: Require all people to show government issued photo ID when they vote Question:  Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Percentages: State N Support strongly Support somewhat Oppose somewhat Oppose strongly Alabama 199.1288 60.14048386 16.7586441 13.21948528 9.881388664 Alaska 199.3609 56.32394791 18.9787693 7.764618874 16.93266487 Arizona 200 58.34342957 19.04032326 13.55446243 9.061792374 Arkansas 200 51.79523087 16.34262085 16.19550323 15.6666441 California 200 50.18255615 15.30729008 20.35072899 14.15943336 Colorado 200 49.98860168 20.11959839 13.75212955 16.13966942 Connecticut 200 51.60862732 15.24142265 22.12863922 11.0213089 Delaware 200 50.5436821 18.67889977 18.20828629 12.56913185 District of Columbia 198.3427 33.23529816 17.9628334 17.6005497 31.20131874 Florida 200 60.46194458 20.02183533 11.39979172 8.116429329 Georgia 200 62.63647079 15.79521942 11.41751957 10.15079117 Hawaii 200 47.02834702 27.31933975 19.74454689 5.907767773 Idaho 200 63.27056885 16.97272301 12.29170132 7.465004921 Illinois 200 49.31639862 21.98868752 13.82794285 14.86697197 Indiana 197.5224 62.94596481 20.1491394 11.13887119 5.76602459 Iowa 200 45.23431396 26.54300308 15.37069511 12.8519907 Kansas 200 50.0120697 20.00430107 21.17227936 8.811349869 Kentucky 200 63.74864578 17.1954422 12.17790127 6.87801218 Louisiana 195.2921 61.94411087 20.21168327 12.20824242 5.635967255 Maine 200 43.50055313 22.7054863 17.81617355 15.97779274 Maryland 198.5636 47.3830452 16.25522804 15.98945141 20.37227821 Massachusetts 200 39.71295547 15.2202673 16.2838459 28.78293228 Michigan 200 53.46854401 18.37373161 15.63659859 12.52112675 Minnesota 200 49.84444427 19.46389008 13.86362076 16.82803726 Mississippi 197.4277 64.19371033 13.55203152 11.76364422 10.49061584 Missouri 200 49.06150436 22.71016884 10.77411747 17.45420837 Montana 200 54.73144913 21.06573868 13.53020763 10.67260647 Nebraska 200 48.88261032 23.58060646 13.63472748 13.90205669 Nevada 200 62.86768723 15.51805401 10.13327408 11.48099232 New Hampshire 198.8704 56.507267 18.71178818 13.52235508 11.25858974 New Jersey 200 38.94818497 23.08218384 20.58514023 17.38449287 New Mexico 200 53.43040848 17.8121624 8.823947906 19.93347359 New York 199.0857 40.23751831 25.12691307 15.75144482 18.88413048 North Carolina 199.5689 59.97740173 11.03729153 11.2188549 17.76644897 North Dakota 200 56.46163177 21.44600677 15.82636929 6.265991211 Ohio 200 49.60112 16.37155533 19.99608803 14.03123474 Oklahoma 200 62.05765915 13.08946896 13.73092556 11.12194633 Oregon 198.5733 39.80205536 22.57107353 11.80886364 25.81801224 Pennsylvania 200 51.58827591 20.46616554 9.746739388 18.19881821 Rhode Island 199.441 47.12031937 18.27679443 17.94810295 16.65477753 South Carolina 199.0751 59.629776 16.3499794 15.57549572 8.444748878 South Dakota 200 65.37772369 19.31650543 12.23010159 3.075668097 Tennessee 200 61.97769165 18.13959694 11.64533138 8.237379074 Texas 198.7175 50.50651169 19.30554771 15.70467567 14.48327065 Utah 200 55.26082611 27.24532509 11.25403595 6.239815712 Vermont 200 28.19937515 19.10181236 27.26046181 25.43835068 Virginia 200 60.80767059 15.59906101 12.21259594 11.38067913 Washington 200 45.51040649 22.18630028 11.82069492 20.48259735 West Virginia 200 47.34278488 25.29102898 12.50524807 14.86093616 Wisconsin 200 44.85301208 20.43691063 15.06363869 19.64643669 Wyoming 199.4359 55.80582428 21.67970467 12.79652119 9.717952728 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q44g Var. label:  Reform proposals: Require electronic voting machines to print a paper backup of the ballot Question:  Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Percentages: State N Support strongly Support somewhat Oppose somewhat Oppose strongly Alabama 199.1288 46.87495422 35.51268768 14.07724571 3.535111666 Alaska 200 57.80626297 22.32783508 11.05996132 8.805949211 Arizona 200 50.01574326 34.97283173 11.87050915 3.140915632 Arkansas 198.4698 53.8971405 35.12300873 9.522993088 1.456854224 California 199.4417 49.4668808 29.98974419 16.12674713 4.416629314 Colorado 200 53.45103455 31.81433487 11.95960808 2.775020123 Connecticut 200 45.76898575 36.47420883 13.15704823 4.599756241 Delaware 200 48.49949646 36.28980255 9.031207085 6.179499626 District of Columbia 199.1917 52.66001892 38.57065964 5.752173901 3.017145634 Florida 199.1074 52.26759338 32.72770309 10.44004154 4.564664364 Georgia 200 49.40771866 35.58142471 8.878849983 6.132004261 Hawaii 200 35.8145256 40.35783005 18.40460014 5.423051357 Idaho 200 50.38954544 35.74652481 11.88081264 1.983118534 Illinois 200 57.01724625 27.78727531 11.01613235 4.179337502 Indiana 197.5224 42.86154556 40.34368134 11.25635338 5.538422108 Iowa 200 52.33300018 38.92113113 6.076620579 2.669239044 Kansas 200 50.09866714 35.20054245 11.11774635 3.583049774 Kentucky 200 52.17102814 35.75595093 9.258844376 2.814176798 Louisiana 196.5404 52.06722641 38.12773514 6.087953568 3.717081308 Maine 199.3984 53.36333466 28.21068954 11.77808762 6.647898197 Maryland 198.5636 55.14277649 32.73245239 10.10189629 2.022876978 Massachusetts 200 44.58889008 35.43373489 14.1110487 5.866323948 Michigan 200 51.47227478 34.64266205 8.858729362 5.026328564 Minnesota 200 48.34122467 31.84283257 13.18438053 6.63156414 Mississippi 196.884 58.60765457 31.6717701 5.191855907 4.528727531 Missouri 200 45.91602325 38.95256042 10.85943317 4.271983147 Montana 200 52.8355751 30.50307846 13.51863766 3.142709494 Nebraska 200 47.43598938 40.27903366 8.525345802 3.759631395 Nevada 200 65.15942383 24.28969193 4.687076569 5.863816261 New Hampshire 198.5858 50.81892776 34.65914917 9.930376053 4.59153986 New Jersey 200 43.82507324 35.75900269 16.24873161 4.167190552 New Mexico 200 50.70653915 35.2965126 11.9223814 2.074571848 New York 199.0857 50.34683609 36.83722305 10.72592831 2.090008974 North Carolina 199.5689 61.35751343 28.18205452 6.858558178 3.60187149 North Dakota 200 39.73472977 39.68223572 16.36616325 4.216862202 Ohio 200 59.5651474 28.2421875 8.040928841 4.151735306 Oklahoma 200 53.10121155 34.7647171 9.415884018 2.718187809 Oregon 200 53.23540497 31.43311882 8.854097366 6.477379322 Pennsylvania 200 45.21084976 43.46438217 6.519406796 4.805355072 Rhode Island 199.441 41.5278244 39.23542023 11.88549519 7.351262569 South Carolina 199.0751 48.81813049 32.95158005 12.21203518 6.01825285 South Dakota 198.9705 42.95929718 36.52788544 15.33179188 5.181027412 Tennessee 200 44.83348465 35.62645721 12.6014595 6.938597679 Texas 197.9784 49.03421783 36.63425446 9.797738075 4.533787251 Utah 200 57.72436905 35.1522522 5.306358337 1.81702137 Vermont 200 55.96490479 30.49809074 10.71196079 2.825042486 Virginia 200 58.508564 26.63636398 10.66545486 4.189617634 Washington 200 52.71616745 36.64336395 7.021073341 3.619394064 West Virginia 200 59.9235878 30.44223022 7.582465649 2.051714659 Wisconsin 198.9477 44.50863647 41.94052124 10.78012466 2.770718336 Wyoming 199.4359 46.02374268 39.75240707 10.70565414 3.518188953 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q44h Var. label:  Reform proposals: Move Election Day to a weekend Question:  Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Percentages: State N Support strongly Support somewhat Oppose somewhat Oppose strongly Alabama 199.1288 30.20391083 26.03942108 21.85692406 21.89974403 Alaska 200 31.39726448 31.22553825 20.62067413 16.75652504 Arizona 200 23.51314735 26.21866798 27.12273216 23.14545059 Arkansas 200 24.94728851 33.78891754 23.91232872 17.35146332 California 200 32.36541367 27.01963234 25.11039543 15.50456715 Colorado 200 23.4223423 23.93379021 30.59449577 22.04937172 Connecticut 199.2469 24.23208427 30.94751167 24.21663284 20.6037693 Delaware 200 26.97491074 34.72289658 21.37587547 16.92631531 District of Columbia 200 34.07056046 26.65976143 22.36470604 16.90497208 Florida 200 20.65379524 34.44201279 22.18192101 22.72227287 Georgia 200 25.16680336 35.04263306 22.35360146 17.43696594 Hawaii 200 31.31083107 26.17698288 21.71652031 20.79566574 Idaho 200 16.41772842 28.93865967 32.25006485 22.39354706 Illinois 200 27.48965073 27.48992538 24.87437439 20.1460495 Indiana 196.3057 19.88980103 30.79200745 27.11013603 22.2080574 Iowa 200 17.89833641 31.58652115 26.26604843 24.24909401 Kansas 199.2309 21.33004761 34.5353241 22.39393425 21.74069023 Kentucky 200 18.58950996 35.1992836 24.97704887 21.23414803 Louisiana 195.2921 31.28499794 28.64018631 24.34328461 15.73152542 Maine 199.3984 17.68123055 29.02893066 21.69396591 31.59587479 Maryland 198.5636 21.46071815 30.43399239 22.5600338 25.54525948 Massachusetts 200 25.65738297 34.43698883 20.81766891 19.08795929 Michigan 200 30.76080322 26.14837265 26.02117348 17.06965065 Minnesota 200 21.102211 27.89432907 25.73405075 25.26941109 Mississippi 197.4277 22.23914146 29.36116982 28.72111702 19.67857361 Missouri 200 25.85898209 30.1566391 19.9556179 24.02876091 Montana 200 22.38683891 27.21903419 32.10998535 18.28414154 Nebraska 200 24.41615677 27.07239151 27.82730293 20.68414879 Nevada 200 20.90939903 28.1930809 21.9252758 28.97224236 New Hampshire 199.3739 20.77102089 32.28417587 20.91695786 26.02784538 New Jersey 200 24.06540489 38.17735291 19.02062988 18.73661041 New Mexico 200 27.88532448 28.22908401 24.12012672 19.76546478 New York 199.0857 26.8167038 25.90626144 27.7026329 19.57439995 North Carolina 199.5689 22.94267845 32.69299316 21.85705566 22.50727654 North Dakota 200 13.47956371 23.16238594 34.99693298 28.36111641 Ohio 200 27.29158783 28.39550018 25.42807579 18.8848362 Oklahoma 200 20.84550667 24.15235138 26.40236664 28.59977531 Oregon 200 28.4023838 29.19387627 22.85148811 19.55225182 Pennsylvania 200 22.23409271 28.24075127 24.99017143 24.53499413 Rhode Island 199.441 34.93385696 30.09901428 17.56863403 17.39848709 South Carolina 199.0751 25.35913277 30.75736427 24.90405846 18.9794426 South Dakota 198.9705 15.97566795 23.75432014 28.19877625 32.07123184 Tennessee 198.9551 21.21640778 30.13431358 22.45490837 26.19437027 Texas 198.7175 27.42346001 28.51016045 22.13710785 21.92926979 Utah 200 21.40880775 26.85561752 31.26205444 20.47352028 Vermont 200 28.82382584 21.6563549 30.26698112 19.25283813 Virginia 200 24.98898888 30.55086899 20.406847 24.05330467 Washington 200 28.18754196 30.12571144 23.41597557 18.27076912 West Virginia 200 20.14396477 28.22817421 25.34206772 26.2857914 Wisconsin 200 22.24318504 32.79563904 25.33862305 19.62255096 Wyoming 199.6574 20.12022781 24.97964287 24.32185745 30.57827377 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q44i Var. label:  Reform proposals: Make Election Day a national holiday Question:  Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Percentages: State N Support strongly Support somewhat Oppose somewhat Oppose strongly Alabama 199.1288 36.96244431 22.15869713 20.07406616 20.8047924 Alaska 200 38.60683823 16.94106102 14.97517776 29.47692108 Arizona 200 35.13650513 31.806633 16.12468338 16.93218613 Arkansas 200 31.68546486 35.31528091 14.68451786 18.31473541 California 200 50.55983734 17.3871994 13.87806988 18.17489433 Colorado 200 45.87180328 20.05666161 18.97661018 15.09492302 Connecticut 200 40.09529114 24.89601517 12.73795223 22.2707386 Delaware 200 47.15235901 23.01328278 18.44856834 11.38578415 District of Columbia 199.1917 55.41046143 24.6657486 10.12495708 9.798830986 Florida 200 37.73387146 25.93789482 17.26951408 19.05872726 Georgia 200 39.85677338 29.5943737 9.786124229 20.76272011 Hawaii 200 28.66047287 23.76291656 25.11218834 22.46442223 Idaho 200 25.69833374 25.93585968 20.48190117 27.88390732 Illinois 200 31.76873589 28.73542404 19.49455643 20.00127602 Indiana 197.5224 37.07704544 30.25310898 15.18301964 17.48682022 Iowa 200 36.27664948 23.69503212 20.55561447 19.47269821 Kansas 200 36.12491989 29.05720901 18.96165085 15.85621166 Kentucky 200 41.01480103 27.75502777 18.30887413 12.92129517 Louisiana 195.2921 39.58084488 23.96712112 18.17227745 18.27976036 Maine 199.3984 34.97881317 25.26821136 13.74585056 26.00712776 Maryland 196.9965 37.04506683 32.5152626 17.73315239 12.70651054 Massachusetts 200 43.1038208 22.53733063 20.38363266 13.97522449 Michigan 200 49.69126892 19.00139427 14.54620171 16.76112747 Minnesota 198.8019 31.23697662 19.48880196 22.7036705 26.57054901 Mississippi 197.4277 36.3483963 19.60243607 19.58956718 24.45960236 Missouri 198.2995 38.31279373 31.55376625 14.97197628 15.16145992 Montana 200 35.66846466 20.43371582 18.69854927 25.19927025 Nebraska 200 38.60548401 19.87682533 19.25223541 22.26545334 Nevada 200 39.68008804 24.32080841 13.85227108 22.14683151 New Hampshire 199.3739 39.2333107 26.93756485 11.7947073 22.03442764 New Jersey 200 46.71450806 24.27583885 17.08392334 11.92572975 New Mexico 200 33.63565826 23.77842712 21.07717896 21.50873375 New York 199.0857 43.80513 23.82038116 16.23023224 16.1442585 North Carolina 199.5689 41.19889069 23.24959183 16.39640045 19.15511703 North Dakota 200 29.59218788 24.75026131 22.49777031 23.1597805 Ohio 200 35.13871002 33.62979126 16.17570114 15.05578899 Oklahoma 200 38.0776329 25.10183334 19.45558357 17.36495209 Oregon 200 43.03061676 27.00742149 11.26780701 18.69415474 Pennsylvania 200 39.70884705 26.27495956 14.99626732 19.01992798 Rhode Island 199.441 47.14808655 30.37650108 15.35879612 7.116627216 South Carolina 199.0751 46.75570679 25.78768539 14.02958679 13.42702198 South Dakota 198.9705 24.27371597 28.04153824 17.43289948 30.25185013 Tennessee 200 40.11369705 27.94735527 17.7645874 14.17435837 Texas 198.7175 43.70476913 24.39392471 12.80530357 19.09600258 Utah 198.3215 38.94847107 31.64147186 14.45822525 14.951828 Vermont 200 55.13238907 19.79576492 11.58081341 13.4910326 Virginia 200 46.38103485 27.71022987 13.66991997 12.23881435 Washington 200 40.45430756 27.81825447 15.83819771 15.88924026 West Virginia 200 37.36078644 26.38449478 20.44649315 15.80823231 Wisconsin 200 32.74941635 28.86631584 14.92261887 23.46164894 Wyoming 200 25.59638023 31.90305519 18.56528664 23.93527603 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q44j Var. label:  Reform proposals: Only select election officials on a non‐partisan basis Question:  Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Percentages: State N Support strongly Support somewhat Oppose somewhat Oppose strongly Alabama 199.1288 20.6653595 49.02274704 20.2279892 10.08390331 Alaska 200 36.288311 25.52339363 19.9439106 18.24438667 Arizona 198.0962 29.68331146 37.23184204 23.08339691 10.00144768 Arkansas 200 28.2732048 34.85207367 24.2661705 12.60855293 California 198.782 32.70207214 30.38251114 21.34067345 15.5747509 Colorado 200 35.6890831 33.92659378 20.92911339 9.455210686 Connecticut 198.3993 18.42092896 40.50636292 26.4706955 14.60201836 Delaware 200 25.26933098 38.72408295 26.26906967 9.737514496 District of Columbia 200 36.27400208 32.02845001 23.68193245 8.01561451 Florida 200 31.95756149 35.7589798 17.58155251 14.70190525 Georgia 200 28.47554016 37.89302063 21.73824692 11.89319038 Hawaii 200 23.16829109 41.11310959 24.38183784 11.33675957 Idaho 200 19.49426079 43.50725555 26.6805706 10.31792068 Illinois 200 34.62004471 38.59790039 18.88008499 7.90196085 Indiana 197.5224 33.65287399 34.82868195 19.5945282 11.92391968 Iowa 200 26.6448822 44.01035309 20.16147232 9.183300018 Kansas 200 28.12718201 44.74894333 16.5627079 10.56116486 Kentucky 200 30.14710426 30.34282303 25.9051609 13.60491276 Louisiana 195.2921 29.24861336 35.29608154 20.01929665 15.43600845 Maine 199.3984 28.22426987 36.82853317 23.50673485 11.44046593 Maryland 198.5636 27.51726723 37.41668701 23.43919754 11.62685108 Massachusetts 200 34.3585434 31.12127686 22.67327309 11.84689617 Michigan 200 29.59174538 36.56485748 21.04397964 12.79942608 Minnesota 198.678 33.20041275 32.28360367 26.31698608 8.198999405 Mississippi 197.4277 25.97995377 36.77799988 22.07707596 15.16496944 Missouri 200 31.62360764 34.00057983 23.07937813 11.29643536 Montana 200 40.99690628 33.05070877 18.59223366 7.36015749 Nebraska 200 28.76199722 38.98173904 20.29967499 11.95659065 Nevada 200 33.82126236 29.01763153 15.78600597 21.37510109 New Hampshire 197.5373 33.46009064 35.76852798 16.37209129 14.39928818 New Jersey 198.6183 31.07477951 38.14189148 21.68565369 9.09767437 New Mexico 200 34.33609009 39.68310928 15.84560299 10.13518906 New York 199.0857 30.92668152 34.3151207 21.01600075 13.74219513 North Carolina 199.5689 25.4686985 36.96516037 20.76789856 16.79824257 North Dakota 200 21.33823586 35.42176819 30.70063019 12.53936863 Ohio 200 27.68832779 33.79926682 25.14702034 13.36538315 Oklahoma 199.0061 30.79484367 36.94156647 21.10567665 11.15791988 Oregon 200 32.81937027 31.75603485 22.00331306 13.42128181 Pennsylvania 200 26.3375206 36.76438141 25.46388817 11.43421173 Rhode Island 200 31.51844978 41.93988037 16.09807396 10.44359112 South Carolina 199.0751 31.18990517 40.25048828 21.43488121 7.124722958 South Dakota 196.9292 21.47312546 38.34467316 21.8098793 18.37231827 Tennessee 200 35.8174057 37.00239944 13.90574551 13.27444077 Texas 198.7175 26.68535233 43.85519409 20.84563255 8.613819122 Utah 200 29.37163734 47.33036423 16.83353043 6.464459896 Vermont 200 37.24222946 34.47607422 19.78308487 8.49860096 Virginia 198.9264 40.12543869 26.19466782 21.05988503 12.62001133 Washington 200 32.15574265 33.79983139 22.49810982 11.54631901 West Virginia 200 29.19644737 34.432621 20.95986366 15.41106129 Wisconsin 198.909 33.65650177 34.63124466 21.09198761 10.62026405 Wyoming 200 27.53119469 40.17432404 25.34427643 6.950203896 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q44k Var. label:  Reform proposals: Make it so that when a registered voter moves, he or she is automatically registered to vote at the new home Question:  Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Percentages: State N Support strongly Support somewhat Oppose somewhat Oppose strongly Alabama 199.1288 42.24554825 35.97691727 11.99255466 9.784978867 Alaska 200 38.31906128 33.52620697 18.01330948 10.14142227 Arizona 200 43.36268616 33.89740753 10.18818378 12.55171967 Arkansas 200 44.41405106 36.17113876 11.95408058 7.460729599 California 200 46.85448074 27.11569214 13.67777348 12.3520546 Colorado 200 41.42657471 31.30978394 15.25371265 12.00992203 Connecticut 200 40.44092941 34.2028923 10.94558334 14.41059494 Delaware 200 50.41402817 33.6445694 9.166594505 6.774809361 200 60.17428207 22.95240211 12.31612301 4.557190418 District of Columbia Florida 200 49.41099548 30.42478371 10.41116619 9.753063202 Georgia 200 43.6428566 34.69966888 10.62658024 11.03089428 Hawaii 200 34.83068466 41.36739349 14.06037521 9.741547585 Idaho 200 35.55709839 35.43201065 17.38851166 11.62237549 Illinois 200 50.48619843 29.93123627 12.59486675 6.987699509 Indiana 196.3057 47.23397827 30.30111504 12.84609795 9.618810654 Iowa 200 44.71399307 30.48202133 15.62682343 9.177161217 Kansas 200 38.55544662 31.48722267 20.69342041 9.26390934 Kentucky 200 48.44438171 30.74773407 13.77446842 7.033415794 Louisiana 195.2921 50.35844421 22.76293945 10.22467136 16.65394974 Maine 199.3984 39.28356552 33.79906845 15.59102821 11.32634163 Maryland 198.5636 42.93723297 32.09720993 11.44546986 13.52009201 Massachusetts 200 45.77082443 34.71400452 10.12077904 9.394390106 Michigan 200 56.58259201 27.0530262 10.91572762 5.448654175 Minnesota 200 48.70441437 23.01990128 17.93603516 10.3396492 Mississippi 197.4277 39.69799805 27.33982468 16.57021904 16.39195824 Missouri 200 42.02799225 31.6819973 17.43598366 8.854029655 Montana 200 40.66563797 23.18127632 25.03345108 11.11963558 Nebraska 200 43.71678162 28.66241264 18.68708801 8.933714867 Nevada 200 46.09671783 29.15443802 10.82779694 13.92104912 New Hampshire 199.3739 43.02808762 27.90323639 15.13547039 13.9332056 New Jersey 200 51.89250565 29.8656826 11.09066296 7.151142597 New Mexico 200 37.50085831 33.74792862 15.67312145 13.07809734 New York 199.0857 50.60573959 32.53452301 10.26852798 6.591209412 North Carolina 199.5689 50.10089874 31.06519508 7.560040474 11.27386379 North Dakota 200 32.86631393 42.66233444 16.68376923 7.787581444 Ohio 200 47.07544708 35.67408752 7.26399374 9.986469269 Oklahoma 200 39.54977417 28.55046082 15.87903309 16.02074051 Oregon 200 47.18499756 30.36372757 9.940979958 12.51029682 Pennsylvania 200 39.75352478 36.66633224 9.058292389 14.52185535 Rhode Island 199.441 50.6059227 33.29634857 7.841852665 8.255876541 South Carolina 198.2125 47.10527039 25.3289299 16.01821709 11.54757977 South Dakota 197.8376 39.98851013 28.49224854 18.00691223 13.51233101 Tennessee 200 43.95205307 31.79242516 12.8463068 11.40921593 Texas 198.7175 45.42819214 22.48493576 17.9336071 14.15327358 Utah 200 44.46293259 36.63192749 10.7983551 8.10679245 Vermont 200 55.50505066 26.0936203 9.575626373 8.825703621 Virginia 200 46.69094467 29.20954704 14.17466545 9.924845695 Washington 200 46.68751907 31.54530907 14.47104645 7.296126842 West Virginia 200 39.1423378 32.17505264 17.35854721 11.32405472 Wisconsin 200 45.57401276 29.10914803 13.67103481 11.64580441 Wyoming 200 35.24562836 40.79030609 11.73299408 12.23107052 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  q45 Var. label:  Disability Question:  Does a health problem, disability, or handicap CURRENTLY keep you from participating fully in work, school, housework, or other activities? Percentages: State N Yes No Alabama 200 23.51023 76.48977 Alaska 200 17.98252 82.01748 Arizona 200 20.51394 79.48607 Arkansas 200 29.53946 70.46054 California 200 22.7162 77.2838 Colorado 200 20.32068 79.67931 Connecticut 200 17.40917 82.59083 Delaware 200 24.09217 75.90783 District of Columbia 200 16.46788 83.53212 Florida 199.1041 25.04005 74.95995 Georgia 200 26.42736 73.57264 Hawaii 194.8466 17.95553 82.04447 Idaho 200 22.20728 77.79272 Illinois 200 26.87743 73.12257 Indiana 200 25.07696 74.92303 Iowa 200 24.8637 75.1363 Kansas 200 18.90248 81.09752 Kentucky 200 33.31893 66.68108 Louisiana 198.9337 20.79863 79.20137 Maine 200 28.02279 71.97721 Maryland 200 17.35186 82.64814 Massachusetts 200 26.91044 73.08956 Michigan 200 23.46819 76.53181 Minnesota 200 20.2872 79.7128 Mississippi 200 23.60551 76.39449 Missouri 200 23.57505 76.42495 Montana 200 23.19406 76.80594 Nebraska 200 17.18758 82.81242 Nevada 200 22.36518 77.63482 New Hampshire 200 24.68357 75.31644 New Jersey 200 19.67305 80.32695 New Mexico 200 30.70292 69.29708 New York 200 27.43254 72.56747 North Carolina 200 21.14263 78.85737 North Dakota 200 14.5219 85.4781 Ohio 200 32.12658 67.87342 Oklahoma 200 28.85416 71.14584 Oregon 200 19.89024 80.10976 Pennsylvania 200 24.43384 75.56616 Rhode Island 200 19.16631 80.83369 South Carolina 200 22.44783 77.55217 South Dakota 200 19.92809 80.07191 Tennessee 200 22.83834 77.16166 Texas 198.6726 20.77667 79.22333 Utah 200 18.56896 81.43104 Vermont 200 19.6544 80.3456 Virginia 200 22.09098 77.90902 Washington 199.4377 21.202 78.798 West Virginia 200 32.75571 67.24429 Wisconsin 200 22.82736 77.17264 Wyoming 200 21.27729 78.72271 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  gender Var. label:  Gender Question:  Are you male or female? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Percentages: Male Female 45.9 54.1 52.03144 47.96856 47.59 52.41 46.15 53.85 47.32 52.68 47.21 52.79 45.66 54.34 45.05118 54.94882 46.34224 53.65776 46.34 53.66 46.16 53.84 48.41203 51.58797 47.34 52.66 46.31 53.69 46.32 53.68 47.3 52.7 46.41822 53.58178 46.83 53.17 46.2 53.8 46.07 53.93 45.28 54.72 46.22 53.78 46.81 53.19 47.17 52.83 46.6924 53.3076 46.81269 53.18731 46.17277 53.82723 46.69041 53.30959 49.97 50.03 47.06167 52.93833 47.17 52.83 45.96 54.04 45.53207 54.46793 45.74 54.26 47.92466 52.07534 46.54 53.46 46.53469 53.46531 47.11 52.89 46.65 53.35 44.81813 55.18187 45.95 54.05 48.06793 51.93207 46.38 53.62 47.52 52.48 48.61 51.39 46.03 53.97 46.22 53.78 47.62 52.38 46.70935 53.29065 47.28 52.72 47.81582 52.18418 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  race Var. label:  Race Question:  What racial or ethnic group best describes you? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 White 71.75818634 70.52196503 70.98458862 78.98491669 57.5664444 80.22048187 80.84506226 73.77339935 40.68213272 68.56034851 64.5587616 34.84717178 90.75228882 73.4320755 85.09127808 92.65726471 85.16472626 88.09149933 66.5295639 96.56999969 62.75069046 83.13270569 80.90863037 88.23300171 63.95009613 83.51903534 92.55567169 89.70913696 68.44217682 95.01592255 69.08335876 54.00653839 68.69555664 72.07707214 90.81624603 84.94042969 76.41220856 86.42971039 84.0422821 84.33761597 70.35386658 91.21239471 79.581604 58.88071823 89.63289642 96.06000519 71.92504883 83.01737976 94.87414551 88.81761932 90.50572205 Black 24.09091568 5.146504879 4.201619148 15.13642502 7.301035404 3.922712326 9.235946655 18.64806175 49.15279388 14.26954174 28.00222397 2.966234922 0.348241121 14.35904408 9.10835743 2.224243402 5.241835594 8.239490509 27.80982971 0.630013466 28.42151642 6.458554268 13.3268652 4.649290562 32.64424133 10.99634266 0.29068774 4.201642036 9.209986687 1.181011677 13.89788723 1.87050283 15.77393532 20.6748867 1.461981654 11.20026112 7.010765076 1.682155609 10.62883282 4.979514599 25.0605278 16.15903282 12.66966152 Hispanic 1.779499173 3.505668879 17.68551636 3.208805561 22.71305847 11.84747028 6.109452724 3.326985836 5.421043873 14.17554283 4.359520435 6.9179883 5.557723999 7.999155998 3.158329248 2.589310646 4.949544907 1.599650145 2.789993525 0.609999895 3.668849707 4.938982964 2.390331507 2.699011326 1.701472878 2.017510414 Percentages: Asian Native American 0.390119106 0.245454133 1.179423809 11.04587269 0.556084573 1.246271014 6.137289524 0.405871749 1.81532824 0.438377887 1.448116064 0.201321706 2.565689564 30.51988411 0.414104223 1.585386872 0.263816506 0.205917925 0.051523261 1.23555553 1.939306974 0.780220568 1.778539777 0.233670548 3.721913099 13.69814014 1.290382624 10.26860523 33.20760345 9.522453308 3.689236641 1.612324715 1.709815979 4.246304035 5.599206924 2.779429913 6.245799541 2.319013119 1.172353983 2.329577684 23.84100342 6.427836895 1.069998384 4.188166618 5.379216194 1.567763567 0.860782743 2.848478079 0.757430613 1.975431204 0.441300511 0.987564325 1.687663078 0.541748822 0.770624638 0.449383408 0.577755272 0.63778609 18.47633934 0.715599239 3.431703329 2.247797012 3.340463161 5.162073135 3.320408106 1.02243185 4.768102169 Mixed 0.245454133 3.31739521 5.343669415 0.458828509 4.040671349 0.768944681 2.670198441 1.684947491 2.8489995 0.604132593 1.554050088 1.725041389 13.76470184 1.934935689 0.961776853 0.955535591 1.019949436 0.299169004 3.565495014 0.753458917 0.291884869 1.514523029 0.400398403 1.025672913 1.675588131 0.763088226 1.486513019 0.27725029 2.316692591 1.127346635 0.973543048 0.745679915 0.451607794 2.907406569 1.930801868 3.359823465 1.839868188 0.39853999 2.85689187 1.030384541 1.62879324 4.159189224 3.509645224 1.858210206 1.138469815 1.279187083 0.97282356 0.561314166 6.262856483 1.781270146 1.162399173 1.539392948 1.307340384 1.808328748 1.623179674 0.453512132 1.508696437 3.827505112 2.474297047 1.014107585 0.466296762 2.184376001 2.426440001 0.893305004 1.976692557 0.308494776 2.804442167 3.910676718 0.334373713 0.946494937 1.031427622 1.668472052 1.959780693 0.28204295 Other Middle Eastern 1.026137471 0.464225054 4.943080902 0.340078354 1.228522301 0.964743793 1.394357324 0.847143888 1.019188166 1.139347076 2.128226042 0.446921706 0.635062456 0.513811231 9.258975983 0.992709637 1.109400988 0.55316323 1.422673821 1.015294552 0.493937343 0.573304594 0.657951236 0.657951236 1.012678862 0.76391685 0.529965639 1.717826843 1.280846834 0.539261341 0.506903172 0.55969727 1.629343033 0.527437568 3.25639987 0.621502101 2.272874117 2.489097595 1.769494891 1.979028344 3.857431889 1.588173747 3.299025536 1.899482608 0.700351596 1.005568624 0.304379493 0.542826116 1.846479774 0.875048518 1.581912875 2.013227224 0.504522681 1.461917996 0.570098937 0.404921323 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  hispanic Var. label:  Hispanic Question:  Are you of Spanish, Latino, or Hispanic origin or descent? Percentages: State N Yes No Alabama 196.441 1.11334 98.88667 Alaska 192.9887 5.097022 94.90298 Arizona 164.629 8.529013 91.47099 Arkansas 193.5824 1.303754 98.69625 California 154.5739 8.331873 91.66813 Colorado 176.3051 4.791425 95.20858 Connecticut 187.7811 3.290781 96.70922 Delaware 193.346 1.654048 98.34595 District of Columbia 189.1579 4.032042 95.96796 Florida 171.6489 5.186179 94.81382 Georgia 191.281 3.290526 96.70947 Hawaii 186.164 3.326654 96.67335 Idaho 188.8846 0.354907 99.6451 Illinois 184.0017 0.728963 99.27103 Indiana 193.6833 1.318096 98.68191 Iowa 194.8214 0.541022 99.45898 Kansas 190.1009 4.943988 95.05602 Kentucky 196.8007 0.721712 99.27828 Louisiana 194.42 2.225789 97.77421 Maine 198.78 0.454745 99.54526 Maryland 191.8668 0.813035 99.18697 Massachusetts 190.122 0.84727 99.15273 Michigan 195.2193 0.639037 99.36097 Minnesota 194.602 0.889947 99.11005 Mississippi 196.5971 100 Missouri 195.965 2.043149 97.95685 Montana 200 2.779169 97.22083 Nebraska 192.5562 2.46614 97.53387 Nevada 172.6037 6.256138 93.74387 New Hampshire 197.4192 2.002071 97.99792 New Jersey 179.4628 3.175716 96.82429 New Mexico 133.5848 12.00743 87.99258 New York 180.9551 2.216678 97.78333 North Carolina 192.6215 0.425288 99.57471 North Dakota 196.7753 0.6707 99.3293 Ohio 196.5804 1.187676 98.81232 Oklahoma 191.5074 1.099456 98.90054 Oregon 188.8016 3.386239 96.61376 Pennsylvania 194.4411 2.389908 97.61008 Rhode Island 187.5084 3.426972 96.57303 South Carolina 195.362 0.294543 99.70546 South Dakota 197.1125 0.460821 99.53918 Tennessee 195.3409 0.75134 99.24866 Texas 152.318 2.312498 97.6875 Utah 187.1443 2.993267 97.00673 Vermont 197.86 100 Virginia 191.6237 2.104342 97.89565 Washington 189.2416 0.794732 99.20527 West Virginia 200 100 Wisconsin 192.2926 1.911068 98.08893 Wyoming 190.4638 4.126545 95.87346 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  birthyr Var. label:  Birth year Question:  In what year were you born? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Mean N 1966.917 1969.396 1965.495 1966.653 1967.148 1967.794 1965.432 1964.637 1969.216 1963.46 1967.815 1964.111 1966.326 1967.437 1967.039 1966.823 1967.324 1967.012 1967.592 1964.735 1966.574 1966.614 1965.628 1966.959 1968.296 1966.779 1963.849 1966.829 1966.213 1965.46 1966.001 1965.464 1966.214 1967.19 1966.491 1965.747 1965.726 1964.998 1965.693 1966.666 1965.998 1966.72 1967.088 1967.521 1969.487 1966.775 1967.536 1967.035 1965.657 1967.132 1966.456 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Std. dev. Min. Max. 17.18769 1928 1998 17.15992 1932 1998 17.84149 1932 1997 17.72784 1927 1998 17.89936 1927 1998 16.11869 1933 1998 17.09112 1924 1998 16.24913 1930 1995 17.08747 1929 1998 17.19619 1930 1996 17.23002 1930 1998 16.63509 1933 1996 17.53923 1923 1996 16.96356 1931 1998 17.25404 1926 1998 17.03323 1929 1998 18.01249 1931 1998 16.49336 1936 1998 17.47933 1931 1997 16.34069 1932 1998 17.49507 1924 1998 17.10447 1931 1997 16.85292 1925 1998 17.1683 1926 1998 17.23702 1929 1998 17.65469 1923 1998 16.26911 1929 1996 17.13755 1931 1998 17.1238 1931 1998 16.58789 1928 1996 17.3609 1922 1998 17.56524 1929 1997 17.0231 1930 1998 17.20505 1932 1998 17.97773 1930 1998 17.63943 1928 1997 17.44166 1929 1998 17.60121 1928 1997 16.9198 1934 1998 17.0885 1926 1998 17.03879 1933 1996 17.32107 1927 1996 17.47584 1927 1998 18.04734 1927 1997 17.65711 1928 1997 17.50605 1930 1998 16.99258 1930 1998 16.77725 1929 1998 16.69235 1928 1997 17.06593 1931 1998 17.25347 1930 1998 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  educ Var. label:  Education Question:  What is the highest level of education you have completed? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Percentages: No HS High school graduate Some college 2‐year 6.96693182 35.88447189 21.53838539 12.61991119 2.948469877 35.13635254 28.81993484 9.415424347 2.022330284 28.22492599 28.3535099 10.13799667 5.065701962 43.31735229 25.30795097 6.827218056 6.474694729 21.26844215 28.2888279 8.804997444 4.363954067 22.30974579 25.0914669 8.749889374 5.424209595 24.81793785 21.63826561 6.433732033 2.625467777 33.95653152 19.15910721 10.71593952 25.22780037 18.62762451 4.590265274 2.430663347 31.20679855 19.91874695 14.87076378 5.736017227 31.82774544 22.8625145 9.459980965 2.576697111 23.03677559 17.97598076 24.4487114 3.031798124 31.60107613 26.72426033 13.99719429 4.174960136 30.39081192 25.87729454 7.304342747 3.021434784 41.51370239 23.65736008 8.143057823 1.659137487 41.21273804 23.04013252 14.19819069 3.002888441 31.70599556 25.49751854 12.78788757 6.450787067 37.20407104 20.90907478 10.06653309 4.960385323 42.09965515 23.70344353 5.94659996 1.899779797 36.43017578 23.4822464 7.997728348 4.652079582 26.12109947 26.08618736 3.790775061 2.23684597 28.24664688 22.60357475 4.792963028 3.439046383 35.31450653 24.88487625 11.91952896 1.14492476 35.27185059 24.68886185 11.16702175 1.765808105 42.70679092 28.41668701 6.966468811 6.300144196 36.37064743 21.67845345 10.61742783 1.884098053 34.22730637 23.53041458 11.32448387 4.256783485 28.38072777 23.54998779 14.45743656 9.818224907 21.63707542 25.88508224 14.11928654 2.163057089 29.41242027 23.4514904 7.810731888 2.570701361 29.61553001 22.03807068 5.413012981 4.311292171 29.20777512 25.84613419 11.80306625 2.736057281 31.56080055 21.0451088 8.615730286 6.53203249 29.75195122 22.37528419 13.02253819 3.092647076 29.97298431 24.57848549 19.13840485 2.472539425 39.22511673 21.20252609 12.11988163 2.828918934 39.92142868 22.80249405 11.77595139 1.804443359 28.41626167 29.40491867 9.554208755 4.673067093 39.96183014 19.15676498 8.665682793 2.183438778 28.51709747 24.46938896 8.656039238 6.468575478 32.94417953 16.3142128 17.99420929 38.01696014 24.65592384 16.26324081 3.736040831 40.47723007 21.54379082 9.367801666 2.822593451 32.18825531 23.55175209 11.65527248 2.746221781 21.83611488 30.6097908 12.64574814 35.51994324 19.37774467 9.862252235 2.028430939 30.03391266 20.68761444 10.31654453 2.027589321 26.24387169 26.82091141 11.2595396 3.858818531 47.63891602 19.00834846 10.25282192 3.391354322 37.25120163 23.34852982 10.87432671 1.74039948 32.19538116 24.51935577 13.06321526 4‐year 14.43109703 14.91621876 19.33909607 12.84945583 21.82038307 24.75423622 22.50030708 20.08420944 23.03740692 19.92940521 18.85499382 17.1461792 17.26908875 20.23036957 14.71595955 14.01029396 18.09066391 14.52008247 15.40992165 19.48005486 20.97445297 22.32008743 15.20092583 18.31964874 12.33242893 15.46455383 19.56268883 19.74816132 18.00073624 21.66270256 24.00343323 15.45981979 20.11029816 18.57090759 18.66848373 15.57938385 15.41010761 19.18822289 16.43993187 20.13611221 16.8097496 14.97711563 15.68281841 19.67156792 21.33457756 20.62005234 21.44111633 21.63057518 11.60284233 16.59124947 19.22296524 Post‐grad 8.559204102 8.76359272 11.92214012 6.632320881 13.34265423 14.73070145 19.18554878 13.45873547 28.51690292 11.64361954 11.25874138 14.81565666 7.376582623 12.02222157 8.948484421 5.879509449 8.915045738 10.84945965 7.879995823 10.71001625 18.37540054 19.79988289 9.241117477 9.407691956 7.811817169 9.568780899 9.471009254 9.60690403 10.5395937 15.4995966 16.35925293 13.37190533 15.93200493 9.747286797 4.548985958 9.400554657 7.261091232 11.63193893 11.10272312 16.03792381 9.469071388 6.086750984 9.192311287 10.11055946 10.82754707 14.61999798 15.4923811 12.01751232 7.638252735 8.543339729 9.258684158 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  time_1 Var. label:  Length of residence ‐‐‐ years Question:  How long have you lived in your current residence? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Mean N 13.19203 13.47094 9.109404 11.78519 13.04746 11.40147 16.18584 11.84221 8.424551 9.975824 11.60683 14.66477 10.0613 13.83546 11.05354 11.56469 12.07911 13.09662 12.21012 12.36745 13.12 15.25051 13.94917 11.10214 13.10304 10.68824 10.49308 12.94976 7.913443 11.14784 15.35582 11.34755 15.89205 11.24431 12.62739 13.42015 9.940471 11.12205 14.79846 13.78884 10.80973 13.79299 10.45717 11.78353 8.835889 13.68835 11.04751 10.81232 14.08799 13.132 10.89865 199 200 200 200 198 199 200 199 199 200 200 198 199 199 200 200 199 199 197 200 198 200 200 199 200 199 200 200 200 198 199 200 200 200 200 200 199 200 200 200 198 199 200 199 200 200 200 200 200 199 199 Std. dev. Min. 11.8106 18.26333 9.792377 12.2129 13.93358 11.18384 15.75356 11.72734 8.697302 9.684044 11.39163 12.77454 10.5385 12.92074 11.48428 11.54188 11.8665 13.01226 12.53184 12.16699 12.1818 14.43838 12.66369 10.7939 11.54848 10.13481 11.14592 13.1251 8.935394 12.29932 12.8342 11.94214 13.76717 11.43126 14.7774 13.26185 10.06805 10.90634 12.26244 14.24046 10.68961 15.21432 10.25012 12.03061 10.32349 12.744 11.29079 11.26125 13.4042 12.41731 10.0442 Max. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 100 47 61 80 45 100 60 40 44 62 63 56 59 70 57 63 70 50 56 58 65 61 53 60 49 60 67 56 52 59 56 61 56 70 57 47 59 58 63 61 100 52 60 57 62 64 88 66 56 46 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  time_2 Var. label:  Length of residence ‐‐‐ months Question:  How long have you lived in your current residence? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Mean N 4.229476 4.243815 4.612023 4.211126 4.880912 4.262111 4.105651 4.696588 4.648876 3.908454 4.178354 4.48091 4.35323 4.282749 4.293576 4.222657 4.586819 4.197064 4.580553 3.930257 4.006588 4.885572 4.002496 4.114448 5.360236 4.710687 3.915355 4.113491 4.496469 4.531193 4.536441 4.37957 4.362015 4.183851 4.553058 4.188733 4.844115 3.921442 3.675511 3.900431 4.797196 5.374675 5.265189 3.952468 3.769336 3.957892 4.429709 4.507833 4.161198 3.825109 4.272522 197 199 198 200 198 200 200 197 200 199 200 196 197 196 199 198 197 197 197 196 198 198 199 199 198 200 198 200 198 198 199 198 198 197 198 200 200 200 199 199 196 199 200 199 197 200 199 198 200 198 200 Std. dev. Min. 3.386011 3.132803 3.294089 3.301137 8.047513 3.221141 3.385899 7.010004 5.372323 3.305567 3.836808 3.761233 3.271247 3.533796 3.256034 3.283094 3.103708 3.369821 3.81398 3.432927 3.273598 7.87024 3.309272 3.348618 8.371667 5.486917 3.360533 3.321443 3.327267 3.260975 3.599169 3.39135 3.533658 3.503611 3.656396 3.26407 3.706841 3.834016 3.528473 3.3189 3.21956 9.755793 8.401451 3.373512 2.961006 3.210378 3.203864 3.46805 3.436002 3.205404 3.102619 Max. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 12 19 100 12 11 71 100 11 24 15 12 22 16 11 11 11 14 11 12 96 11 11 100 60 30 11 11 11 13 19 11 11 48 11 18 23 19 11 11 100 92 11 11 11 11 19 11 11 11 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  numadults Var. label:  Number of adults Question:  Including yourself, how many adults over the age of 18 live in your household? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Mean N 2.024473 2.146798 2.210315 2.112639 2.303162 2.093006 2.142375 2.045695 1.797809 2.045408 2.213152 2.363192 2.056995 2.171585 2.030403 1.914199 2.012908 2.045724 2.174086 2.094994 2.170767 2.132706 2.167893 2.05164 2.275372 2.015839 2.034631 2.057949 2.108572 2.147136 2.345377 2.007388 2.055138 2.163849 1.834883 1.951777 2.084692 2.170145 2.191856 2.098144 2.085993 1.932591 2.07331 2.20223 2.288452 2.074238 2.111078 2.102856 2.04548 2.000789 2.106749 199 199 200 200 200 200 199 200 200 200 200 200 199 200 200 200 200 199 199 200 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 199 200 200 199 200 200 200 200 200 199 200 200 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Std. dev. Min. 0.895251 1.197175 1.100687 0.904023 1.76212 0.816791 0.979266 0.811664 0.862041 0.875453 1.256211 1.183175 0.840561 1.055674 0.876211 0.720739 0.847185 0.823588 0.869257 1.034993 0.963157 1.009493 1.002048 1.114609 1.132207 0.895429 0.881373 0.98643 0.960506 1.063437 1.375412 0.917519 0.965234 0.836019 0.674701 0.74126 0.92541 1.162249 0.950706 0.871028 0.887615 0.744986 0.814965 1.053832 1.039025 0.837599 0.977682 1.465194 1.078957 0.85275 0.799745 Max. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 12 8 5 19 6 5 5 6 6 15 6 6 6 5 4 7 5 5 7 5 5 6 10 8 5 6 8 6 8 13 5 5 5 4 4 5 12 6 5 5 5 5 10 8 5 6 20 12 6 4 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  child18 Var. label:  Children under 18 Question:  Are you the parent or guardian of any children under the age of 18? Percentages: State N Yes No Alabama 200 26.1578 73.8422 Alaska 200 32.78317 67.21683 Arizona 200 25.68768 74.31232 Arkansas 200 26.88363 73.11637 California 200 21.3942 78.6058 Colorado 200 26.36335 73.63665 Connecticut 200 18.76513 81.23488 Delaware 200 24.03057 75.96943 District of Columbia 200 16.37408 83.62592 Florida 200 17.3395 82.6605 Georgia 200 35.52894 64.47106 Hawaii 200 19.17554 80.82446 Idaho 200 30.17406 69.82594 Illinois 200 21.47779 78.52221 Indiana 200 21.87831 78.12169 Iowa 200 21.07289 78.92712 Kansas 200 24.13562 75.86438 Kentucky 200 32.50296 67.49704 Louisiana 200 29.9171 70.0829 Maine 200 25.21744 74.78256 Maryland 200 24.13542 75.86458 Massachusetts 200 18.46538 81.53462 Michigan 200 27.05396 72.94604 Minnesota 200 28.33169 71.6683 Mississippi 200 35.28986 64.71014 Missouri 200 29.01069 70.9893 Montana 200 25.01917 74.98083 Nebraska 200 33.23748 66.76252 Nevada 200 24.54236 75.45763 New Hampshire 200 26.93802 73.06198 New Jersey 200 22.34739 77.65261 New Mexico 200 22.43962 77.56038 New York 200 23.02839 76.97161 North Carolina 200 33.06355 66.93645 North Dakota 200 37.42577 62.57423 Ohio 200 19.95146 80.04854 Oklahoma 200 33.29009 66.70991 Oregon 200 21.08786 78.91214 Pennsylvania 200 24.43468 75.56532 Rhode Island 200 24.72148 75.27852 South Carolina 200 25.15759 74.84241 South Dakota 200 32.09461 67.90539 Tennessee 200 29.11338 70.88662 Texas 200 20.59859 79.40141 Utah 200 34.39804 65.60195 Vermont 200 25.34394 74.65606 Virginia 200 26.64229 73.35771 Washington 200 23.47121 76.52879 West Virginia 200 24.45492 75.54508 Wisconsin 200 22.66394 77.33606 Wyoming 200 30.78739 69.21261 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  child18num Var. label:  Number of children under 18 Question:  How many children? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Mean N 1.921637 3.227115 1.965976 1.808487 2.131179 1.540525 1.90105 1.499842 2.144498 2.117009 2.169947 1.65247 2.008393 2.017258 1.923922 1.539915 2.472412 1.817091 1.921624 2.26459 1.883257 1.633922 2.011039 1.856254 2.096421 2.000226 1.638975 1.783053 1.714443 1.880834 1.976862 2.013041 2.222096 1.872408 1.612158 2.00263 1.796716 2.249692 1.912644 1.579893 1.844835 1.896108 2.096786 2.084148 2.225204 2.896045 1.891192 1.997686 1.721337 1.881163 1.705911 53 52 55 54 39 49 41 40 32 38 69 35 56 47 51 42 50 67 56 44 49 37 51 59 74 52 40 66 50 49 45 39 41 64 61 44 61 40 46 39 57 56 57 43 68 46 53 46 51 44 48 Std. dev. Min. 1.193121 5.002966 1.054918 1.209173 1.185391 0.695042 0.72367 0.903104 2.007051 1.504781 1.943379 0.749063 1.049482 1.003236 1.64364 0.63927 1.718696 1.279619 1.964229 2.321429 1.237045 0.876823 1.068015 1.118515 1.893216 1.084933 0.957249 0.929737 0.846076 1.188143 2.062857 0.945177 1.621667 1.349494 0.752624 1.07144 0.930458 2.766773 0.788117 0.660815 1.060681 1.190206 1.318161 1.216208 1.271673 3.631799 0.758718 1.323714 0.846089 1.101245 0.851034 Max. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 20 5 6 7 4 4 5 12 11 17 4 6 4 11 3 10 8 16 16 6 5 6 7 14 6 4 5 4 5 13 4 6 8 4 5 5 20 4 4 8 5 8 6 6 17 4 6 6 8 6 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  landline Var. label:  Number of landlines Question:  How many landline telephone lines are connected to your home?  That is, how many telephone numbers that are NOT mobile or cell numbers are used in this hourhold? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Mean N 0.518423 0.526393 0.615534 0.497629 0.688351 0.615557 0.932585 0.7197 0.584769 0.686838 0.656796 0.533155 0.44015 0.60769 0.506086 0.569733 0.444547 0.695114 0.633642 0.607805 0.776601 0.772028 0.586887 0.648868 0.530055 0.556578 0.52132 0.568698 0.573579 0.631034 1.014608 0.466099 0.850784 0.636209 0.558946 0.704935 0.487331 0.637768 0.862019 0.689361 0.600574 0.514684 0.688531 0.467923 0.35284 0.698964 0.703054 0.672237 0.71942 0.691214 0.549681 199 200 200 200 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 199 200 200 200 199 200 200 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 199 200 199 200 200 199 199 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 199 200 Std. dev. Min. 0.563044 0.555933 0.813328 0.700826 0.76407 0.678653 1.148093 0.669497 0.631259 0.880048 0.73027 0.593492 0.592081 0.716135 0.657199 0.686745 0.615922 0.745167 0.873782 0.556341 0.614449 0.57353 0.608 0.802036 0.669893 0.601246 0.561114 0.612498 0.610573 0.680685 1.013517 0.585069 0.713396 0.732481 0.659355 0.675304 0.576345 0.843665 0.795751 0.668137 0.75135 0.606367 1.006414 0.561237 0.501607 0.506894 0.692677 1.002658 0.597769 0.723844 0.701073 Max. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 5 4 4 10 4 3 5 4 3 4 5 5 4 4 4 6 3 3 4 3 5 3 3 3 4 4 4 10 3 5 5 4 4 3 10 5 6 5 4 9 3 2 2 3 10 3 6 3 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  marstat Var. label:  Marital status Question:  What is your marital status? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Married 55.71849442 50.63041306 52.60948563 47.69481659 48.97790146 60.0932045 49.91254044 58.41131973 29.30048561 47.89280319 45.62393951 54.59175873 65.49057007 43.16891861 49.17975998 53.33309555 57.28539276 66.94161224 49.37615585 51.75205994 45.70677567 38.42044067 49.42234039 53.90006256 52.0727272 50.21830368 60.86145401 55.84949493 50.2231636 58.51519775 46.70121384 46.26156616 46.0581131 57.15859604 60.89184952 46.55420685 60.07635498 57.60143661 54.35293198 44.28755188 53.09066391 63.5580368 53.88542557 52.98641586 67.94111633 55.58121872 52.0988121 48.42528534 57.91163254 50.18132401 61.33256531 Separated 1.689154983 5.232610226 1.717916608 4.014194965 1.180764556 0.721735656 0.361847699 0.631181896 5.474931717 0.652516603 2.774629354 1.158583522 1.790634036 1.288112283 0.3503474 1.349464059 1.215551019 1.522574186 3.95523572 1.128983378 2.364937782 2.017444611 1.283876777 0.281645656 0.928382695 1.330803633 3.123819828 3.946372032 0.514373064 1.472946167 5.774563789 2.329000235 2.354891539 0.465766817 1.150259256 1.34416151 2.39000392 3.120365858 3.111716986 2.974795818 3.724552393 0.526731849 0.306741506 1.741294384 2.49168992 0.64883399 1.309775591 1.061172485 Percentages: Divorced Widowed 7.086802006 6.669009686 13.27322292 3.732673168 10.41283894 5.001881599 15.336689 7.543160439 8.507847786 4.411925316 6.432547092 4.202613354 11.74056149 3.361622095 9.940820694 4.097857952 10.99600029 6.303469181 15.6436224 6.659078598 12.67573261 5.363363743 6.527928829 2.217192173 12.10707378 3.46296525 11.33961105 3.209356546 17.53165436 4.388219357 12.01247597 4.992666245 7.967977047 7.330052376 7.973554134 5.136989594 12.33507252 5.557526588 15.93978786 6.200562 11.15761852 5.137589455 9.262956619 6.995020866 12.20351887 6.402886391 9.08249855 4.402924538 8.317452431 6.212399483 15.0705843 5.457092762 8.635969162 4.044485569 11.69717216 4.949492455 11.80372238 5.265307903 12.17964745 5.392476082 5.967413425 3.564578295 12.84951496 7.433128357 9.597222328 7.402910709 9.327280045 1.848511219 8.55251503 7.432803631 13.30856037 6.16215229 13.95420074 6.845502853 8.677174568 5.474445343 7.770674229 4.622567177 13.56379032 2.705942392 9.556992531 6.773046017 8.338127136 4.592955589 11.20150566 3.020681381 9.261940956 5.125493526 8.205129623 5.514285088 13.52993393 2.880165339 13.62566471 3.885799408 14.79789448 3.297457695 14.63677502 5.950929165 13.29119778 3.833502531 11.433074 5.758728027 Single Domestic partnership 25.03697968 3.799560308 20.12748909 7.003591061 25.95287704 4.304994583 22.27903748 3.132099152 32.4467659 4.474797249 23.51077652 5.039122581 30.36372757 4.259693623 23.68887138 3.229948282 43.17953491 4.745585918 25.68535995 3.466612816 28.44207573 5.120260239 33.74492264 1.759623885 15.62823772 1.520522594 33.97205353 7.021950722 24.28251839 4.267491341 26.54867363 1.763615966 23.15065575 3.050370216 17.06089973 1.364362121 26.29954529 2.476463795 16.23802948 8.740578651 31.47725868 4.155812263 39.29188156 4.012256145 22.84795952 7.839416027 27.40723801 4.925631046 27.03505135 5.433979511 24.11420822 3.809006214 19.86589432 6.592198372 21.46785545 2.912166595 26.42926025 2.332179785 18.85320663 4.545100212 38.19638062 4.0974617 20.40003777 7.281197071 30.5294857 4.083268166 26.69087791 2.619841576 18.66732597 4.455505371 28.43216324 5.077144623 15.0021553 2.971520424 20.61170006 6.291082859 27.43789101 3.425937891 26.71808243 9.604264259 25.39016914 2.077410221 17.04651451 6.464366436 24.46053696 4.457053661 26.3622303 2.539357185 17.44530296 0.367433548 24.16371536 3.538219929 25.79875565 2.849667311 26.16707611 4.820595741 17.59448051 3.257350206 28.54938507 2.834813833 14.24344921 6.171012878 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  employ Var. label:  Employment status Question:  Which of the following best describes your current employment status? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Full‐time 34.67461777 46.19534683 32.95380783 38.06167984 35.61474991 37.68294525 38.29478073 37.61445236 54.81819153 29.98147392 32.61899185 46.03189468 31.52111435 33.09317398 32.67104721 41.69250488 38.21491623 35.01855087 32.6762085 34.76316833 48.149189 33.27702713 30.37977219 42.79004288 35.86562347 39.46326447 37.61973953 46.23387527 36.67258835 42.8450737 38.77923203 27.49632072 33.26679611 38.06805801 51.7536087 31.2447567 38.91329956 31.20606422 28.3749752 38.29877853 37.25537109 43.86004639 36.51443863 36.90574646 41.64608383 33.06423569 39.4124527 40.53662872 27.50453186 39.33287811 35.03890991 Part‐time Temporarily laid off Unemployed 7.153621197 2.009868145 7.780047417 6.503576756 1.158558011 4.863640308 13.01484966 0.355363727 4.444692612 9.570469856 3.812699556 12.70619678 0.980753243 5.795096397 13.62964725 1.594965577 7.261544228 15.63723278 0.435509384 11.69454193 15.6585722 2.701483011 9.004879951 6.554892063 5.883311749 8.788546562 1.034540534 9.122709274 11.69600677 0.500087798 7.483494282 6.238107204 0.322872519 14.78111362 4.213402748 15.12544346 0.425560206 10.89091969 11.12508297 0.433731556 5.615666866 8.649726868 1.173642993 4.993807793 9.322577477 2.765216589 5.398530483 0.363167554 4.83626461 8.40847683 1.069770455 8.595272064 5.838478565 0.590894163 5.370269775 8.643380165 6.733428955 15.16662216 0.40864718 6.948102951 12.43538666 0.562668383 3.36914897 12.45280933 4.737628937 9.635287285 7.903117657 10.41513729 6.098707676 15.49361706 3.150740385 14.74743366 0.557564378 4.118040085 6.591454983 0.496084034 6.535889149 8.331240654 4.321243763 13.08653259 6.800590515 15.02211189 6.681711197 9.549196243 1.628721595 8.761178017 9.351192474 0.813658655 6.774389744 10.4414711 0.66485703 4.90033102 8.324966431 8.057551384 6.650402069 0.332775176 8.572815895 16.94755363 7.668413639 13.46469212 0.851033151 11.45924187 12.4118557 5.231217861 10.87758923 0.426733971 4.130341053 9.896348 0.92770344 2.945869207 8.548751831 0.334291428 4.087543964 11.46041203 5.57322979 9.710413933 4.946006775 10.99814892 3.056846619 12.46915722 0.444975495 5.938153267 12.80598354 1.013142347 5.795472622 12.72083569 3.043180227 4.207505226 14.76144028 0.413904905 7.470685482 9.966266632 1.061172366 6.653584003 Percentages: Retired Permanently disabled 22.16446495 14.58556652 20.2098465 5.133346558 26.93590164 7.084046364 27.783741 11.77655602 23.87947845 9.542277336 20.36413765 4.038464069 21.0375042 3.439308167 26.38324165 7.050307751 13.99001217 4.879646778 28.31240654 9.832448006 21.5873661 11.34991169 30.61735916 5.764267921 25.2172184 6.480172157 24.17273712 7.899451733 21.59770966 9.389166832 20.17918015 7.818260193 24.6065979 6.172889709 24.17884064 15.05831623 20.16411781 13.02119064 24.30570793 12.60282707 19.29047966 3.502346516 18.62928009 11.0079813 25.0036602 11.57760143 22.50775909 6.703039646 19.62631226 9.323412895 23.15309906 9.347727776 27.431427 5.103554726 19.14114571 4.81956768 27.96354485 7.48017168 19.11341095 12.46194077 19.80867958 4.547098637 30.78804207 8.749866486 23.32307243 8.902589798 23.93622208 6.397733212 19.90656662 2.332651138 26.56243896 12.02750111 18.78064537 13.77856159 26.40564346 4.703752995 23.49784088 8.07050705 21.71670532 8.23738575 26.57282066 10.43056774 22.00877953 3.210061312 23.12617111 9.250858307 20.68748283 7.333895206 18.56576538 4.390151024 24.61660194 10.95360088 18.37339783 7.603437901 20.31908989 6.824060917 26.89737511 10.78475094 21.73563385 6.366526127 22.86060905 7.074925423 Homemaker 7.809344769 7.21812582 10.1869812 4.759362221 7.280491829 11.88219738 3.04820919 5.842388153 0.818668723 5.434689522 6.911643982 6.565234661 11.76638222 6.847130775 10.54899216 9.792566299 9.04194355 12.18707657 8.250875473 13.20234394 6.918345928 5.954007626 11.85063648 5.118434906 10.25137615 6.81788826 6.038985729 6.796998978 7.248409748 7.539696693 9.795482635 5.339065552 7.767647743 9.905137062 7.781176567 8.145542145 7.827335358 6.13931179 11.54796505 4.358273029 8.601270676 10.28247356 11.33136463 9.473613739 12.52731705 7.96412468 8.741836548 6.740739822 11.74929905 6.211411953 12.03971958 Student 1.65813303 3.192773342 2.155994177 2.849488735 3.171238899 1.462052107 3.059273243 4.311133385 2.508247852 6.500895977 5.885037899 2.23993063 2.850991249 1.545585513 3.536707878 3.938238144 8.965136528 1.502405405 4.777228355 2.315909386 5.197471142 7.456777096 3.289949417 5.690277576 7.011858463 4.095824718 4.41545248 2.437238693 3.868144512 3.005236387 6.73184824 3.599971533 4.413988113 4.084999561 0.995673776 2.510318995 3.242521524 4.953285694 2.733745337 6.480290413 0.469861239 5.634319305 6.450307846 7.331015587 5.274698734 6.652690887 6.17402029 4.244904041 1.804148555 1.704241395 3.958266735 Other 2.164329767 5.524786472 2.868363142 1.386002779 1.029718637 2.084036589 3.353641033 0.438413948 1.542149901 0.992281973 1.967451096 2.22034049 3.169612885 5.081902504 1.762070179 0.910724342 1.456855774 3.036854029 1.010402322 1.565359831 1.151546478 1.531177521 0.383019358 0.608341992 0.746485114 1.148141026 3.143721342 2.382166624 0.450536996 2.322903872 2.386817932 0.668610513 1.223671675 3.126925945 1.901649714 1.975975037 3.265486002 1.235437512 1.234402061 0.356280565 1.23460567 2.939564466 2.693758488 0.842567801 1.719986558 1.288372517 2.003283739 1.346538663 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  employ_t Var. label:  Employment status (open‐ended) Question:  Employment status (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  faminc Var. label:  Family income Question:  Thinking back over the last year, what was our family's annual income? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Less than  $10,000 5.8766851 6.2102661 2.7102213 4.7612371 6.957191 6.1238203 6.3528657 3.5607388 8.0852356 6.0452518 8.3642759 5.5139084 4.0896192 7.2546058 4.681427 1.6011865 8.109889 7.1378403 9.4343767 8.680521 2.9577603 3.50035 3.9677336 2.474771 12.183221 5.8845477 3.9252236 3.3623059 3.6148281 1.0374867 3.1906843 5.9889336 4.8957677 7.9334769 1.7790636 6.990438 3.7614114 5.6059403 7.9259949 0.6176338 5.8907919 2.5968904 3.9372354 8.5422478 4.1281495 4.5325127 5.538096 3.5040936 13.084543 3.9639537 4.1522074 $10,000 ‐  $19,999 15.699789 6.5057158 8.5219193 12.176206 7.7010984 8.211174 6.4044547 6.1139555 5.8798537 7.6841602 11.588834 1.7337061 9.2670698 6.3851032 8.7984276 12.027196 7.127336 9.7390089 11.843529 9.1150417 5.1883273 8.7821693 7.1981072 7.9755263 11.070941 9.969347 10.305243 5.9764171 8.4219532 5.3419757 4.9205809 11.759112 9.5826168 8.3957624 5.1531024 12.697234 12.075045 6.3590913 6.3228769 10.117128 15.65023 11.036038 11.502256 5.6198654 2.7858789 6.6173391 6.343329 5.5258064 17.384859 12.695484 9.3662806 $20,000 ‐  $29,999 14.01944 11.234348 10.314313 22.315975 7.268815 8.6758804 13.979528 10.083719 15.053498 11.575207 12.981712 8.6886702 13.070066 10.03435 15.198551 13.370506 11.088465 13.252659 9.3760576 15.886117 5.9995837 8.769702 13.679087 8.7632742 13.564194 15.044926 12.059718 8.8059626 13.2629 10.445617 4.9527245 12.328343 7.1852221 10.071392 9.6038656 8.7268238 8.3035316 7.5130553 6.1300082 9.9418802 12.143957 11.762888 16.416206 12.28877 9.5468521 6.6864147 10.183097 10.797448 14.033706 11.30657 7.7399912 $30,000 ‐  $39,999 12.901834 3.6068876 12.5833 11.177718 10.081351 10.15355 8.6100817 9.1123323 5.0834408 13.546031 7.3928142 10.90297 14.684498 9.0989332 10.702686 10.13682 9.559103 10.644567 13.425302 15.730317 11.037539 7.9645662 18.56934 9.1456623 11.504957 10.901278 10.707949 12.476472 8.658802 11.490905 8.6942387 12.277374 9.0643892 13.694848 14.184736 13.389207 14.405592 10.409344 14.492479 10.245512 12.413795 4.4752522 10.750857 10.602065 14.88013 22.05065 8.7244387 8.9452353 8.379159 11.851055 9.7933769 $40,000 ‐  $49,999 10.10932 7.4084387 7.4937963 6.8798022 5.8413982 6.5915103 5.330904 12.351942 8.412652 3.9452858 8.3260593 3.8457062 11.244655 9.1528406 12.727143 12.082946 7.6615157 11.412135 7.2601128 7.7314911 6.4833288 7.8539996 8.3548794 10.987519 8.2194576 10.914607 7.0520639 12.280794 10.226374 10.5363 14.440811 9.7452126 5.8822622 4.6155677 11.305641 9.0922794 16.518553 11.414427 4.003828 4.1016498 10.282312 14.983112 11.42381 6.6184888 7.2715816 6.0670705 4.9958315 11.586745 7.3496332 9.7719526 9.4958429 $50,000 ‐  $59,999 5.855258 7.6430383 12.978507 6.1626716 4.9943714 6.4885039 7.4482718 10.493302 9.751277 11.969336 6.4367089 11.906817 10.007495 9.6200981 11.020726 10.687586 11.983027 11.240256 6.9569139 5.0094981 9.7295647 4.8578095 7.6459312 7.8767209 6.7879624 10.944101 13.344408 9.230731 7.4165597 8.5978069 8.5427599 6.9032192 6.4596462 8.0981531 11.426817 7.3917089 11.773912 8.2106333 12.289905 12.985316 5.8470531 9.5269423 7.6080265 6.3671217 5.9523029 9.4996071 8.106348 6.5008817 8.0493584 11.021201 7.8164387 $60,000 ‐  $69,999 4.716258 8.3352118 2.5140796 6.4782767 5.9652414 5.5392256 5.380682 7.8134732 4.676857 4.8704453 2.9227991 3.613708 8.4637003 6.2158642 3.7204704 3.9058573 7.1736016 6.0365539 6.9860921 6.1186943 3.6494503 4.6978445 2.9987397 6.8110247 7.2144117 4.8566303 2.4067211 7.8566809 6.5223455 7.8199697 5.5315237 7.8918166 6.1066842 7.9092317 4.7341709 4.8804259 5.9377265 5.9639058 6.3726587 5.976274 4.6853867 8.8239965 5.7654853 4.9587946 10.633713 7.6449366 5.7438378 7.4782128 2.7419076 5.6280761 9.5991488 $70,000 ‐  $79,999 5.6381869 7.4637523 9.1248512 5.5056338 4.2543187 7.3307781 7.4081483 7.5800757 5.2325449 6.0383396 6.4497409 6.9171271 5.4061637 4.6776924 10.440295 5.7881498 5.521421 4.8135157 4.7201385 6.6998091 7.0024309 7.1810446 7.8569522 3.7923918 3.9550204 3.7413864 5.9896884 6.7429643 6.450212 9.2210894 7.8195229 8.3176622 7.2101989 6.8090672 7.0413432 3.5275083 5.1577392 7.5319085 8.4375629 4.1346354 5.5335522 8.1657009 6.5560389 5.9498873 7.5224876 4.0518603 6.0206442 6.5130248 4.2770643 8.1306229 7.233829 Percentages: $80,000 ‐  $100,000 ‐  $99,999 $119,999 8.8293276 4.2305479 9.1698771 10.641715 6.6242881 5.3905358 5.455584 5.8186212 8.0549297 6.1124234 9.2849665 7.1350617 6.7714176 6.8987932 10.041229 6.1970382 6.428937 5.4896269 4.8817897 5.1617856 5.8074336 5.1165333 6.9574556 16.01783 9.5151682 2.8290308 8.2798328 7.100338 6.0234742 1.6931728 6.9185185 6.9691906 10.574328 4.4319668 5.4621077 3.6985717 5.5269589 3.2812338 2.5635884 3.1057935 7.7759638 10.232925 9.1519327 7.9138708 5.9630489 4.9877229 9.3148336 8.7012062 6.9215322 3.8430121 8.7630835 4.217823 10.868786 4.7659998 14.96085 4.8784542 7.4398909 6.9768057 8.0688667 5.5359731 4.8669167 8.331955 3.9480314 3.9145751 8.8955812 6.0855389 8.4798193 4.0264835 11.012968 8.2603645 9.0311451 5.9029226 6.3591661 3.6915596 5.9703045 3.4827952 5.0568399 3.4171464 11.075583 5.8858752 6.5075164 5.8010912 10.432508 4.4204693 5.3326664 5.0554929 5.9034696 2.4745967 9.952713 9.0387383 9.0124159 3.7499168 6.7314606 7.3044519 11.84562 4.7315302 8.2506552 3.267292 5.5467052 6.4100142 8.8376265 6.4544334 $120,000 ‐  $149,999 1.005018 6.864521 2.7038205 1.6296124 7.141202 5.5999255 7.9875431 5.1802731 5.4213443 1.7364458 8.308919 5.1184478 3.217005 2.1167126 1.4410121 2.4074619 4.404079 7.1135035 2.4829009 4.3140044 8.3532629 5.9958224 4.5188618 4.9769201 5.3500638 2.1074655 5.3837004 3.3952868 6.1248808 5.3496933 3.3597414 3.4776607 2.8853412 3.9543123 5.5715699 3.7082503 2.927635 8.3356838 4.2807207 1.8917233 3.2449644 1.9680486 1.5233155 6.9429178 3.4520299 1.5166259 7.3874903 4.746222 2.452939 2.5026813 4.9502702 $150,000 ‐  $199,999 0.8299434 2.8967485 2.6249931 0.5778496 3.8301432 4.1669617 5.2089 2.4902177 5.2484837 2.4059227 2.6797221 1.5418367 $200,000 ‐  $249,999 0.3490395 1.6247621 0.9553198 0.7757362 2.144907 1.4781996 0.7579834 3.1658692 2.9231114 1.7811306 0.9992297 0.3930341 1.2053931 1.3150822 7.3013425 2.9687397 1.8420689 0.2425045 0.4324166 2.4155495 1.2746634 2.0898001 1.6661972 0.4638188 1.9119093 1.4233009 6.6534762 1.7764153 6.2437077 0.9693983 1.3619169 1.7158927 0.6571936 1.7389953 1.2178929 1.874988 1.7158417 0.8797169 1.3619813 3.6482911 4.9063997 2.7164972 5.1911945 2.5152981 1.0226125 1.3253191 2.0427263 0.3211671 0.3809152 0.3978274 3.0372679 0.8406147 0.9900432 0.7587972 0.9700022 0.3008101 1.5706565 1.3374618 0.3557856 2.2480762 2.3753698 0.307521 1.7819268 1.1514602 0.8692158 0.3676618 0.3174734 1.4472498 0.9022893 1.0019591 0.5036916 0.4573261 1.4911828 0.3714711 2.2223811 2.6819015 1.4585415 0.439391 0.4072183 1.4764484 $250,000 ‐  $350,000 ‐  $500,000 or  $150,000 or  Prefer not  $349,999 $499,999 more more to say 0.3490395 9.5903273 0.39252 0.0574949 0.9139678 9.0307341 0.3553637 15.104692 0.3822427 0.3878681 9.5149574 0.7680547 1.3328329 17.551737 0.5650349 12.655415 0.4842833 0.3691857 1.1047649 9.5021915 0.3447707 0.3624562 8.2744751 1.7918639 1.5735531 0.3045157 1.7583703 6.7706857 0.5427808 0.5467133 18.209892 0.6001748 12.034223 0.6281138 0.6565917 0.2053574 14.992949 8.2055292 15.055683 0.8650153 9.5219736 0.3341696 0.5428284 0.7912172 10.222818 0.678707 0.2558154 0.3146893 10.116825 0.4159887 8.6402664 0.2878906 16.243105 13.429232 0.5315803 0.5535952 11.632695 1.0203552 0.8372895 0.3847299 16.782312 1.3075701 0.451921 12.500106 1.0998294 0.3855355 14.958069 7.7296567 10.167176 0.2241272 0.3050843 10.995098 0.229357 0.3985036 0.4032274 8.1823826 1.4535556 11.518991 0.3155714 0.5337358 12.033626 0.8066464 15.513057 0.6360797 10.72805 1.7030416 0.6547384 0.9571864 0.4251445 13.981007 0.2822732 13.608754 0.1842591 7.5109735 0.3414528 0.9005889 11.336469 0.8297101 7.2837424 0.7751063 0.7300772 14.511476 0.4543346 0.4067943 18.28867 0.5277966 0.3449443 3.7461636 15.530945 9.7798166 0.3516585 10.576771 0.7338369 0.3562805 11.219185 0.8995538 17.692762 0.6024759 1.2252482 7.7298198 0.3602057 0.6614166 12.610149 0.8167932 14.231087 0.3729424 0.9577913 12.520606 9.2668724 0.7720516 0.3375114 8.3295908 0.4694466 0.9382031 0.1976782 9.436059 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  pid3 Var. label:  Party ID 3 points Question:  Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a …? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Democrat 32.73749542 20.51641083 32.929245 30.85074997 50.47336578 40.07169342 43.71404648 46.28221512 72.05418396 40.79863358 40.78300858 37.33942795 21.89381027 46.86326981 30.20830345 35.02303696 30.17441559 36.56365204 39.91339111 33.41613007 49.7424202 41.76398849 32.84178162 35.23080826 30.03669357 30.67692375 27.95152855 31.31254387 41.40633392 28.97580338 50.92167664 29.39145088 43.84657669 45.90761566 26.81603241 41.94347 31.32945442 39.55866623 39.33184814 37.97268677 25.77325058 28.94842529 27.18779182 43.36515808 21.81751251 33.99980545 32.6694603 38.47889328 40.14692307 36.56332779 28.31259918 Percentages: Republican Independent 34.4682579 26.91310692 29.4344368 37.002285 33.4046936 26.83861732 25.43207169 37.1111412 16.65499306 24.53263664 27.98645401 23.98317146 19.86098289 30.65233612 23.63513184 21.8613224 7.213362694 14.84783554 27.53866005 24.96685982 33.86210632 17.23199081 17.66824532 32.78916931 43.93102646 27.32278824 22.71369553 22.95493317 35.21857071 27.1865406 21.53896332 36.0141449 31.78443909 29.59512901 37.06564713 18.79984093 29.49724579 23.32175064 24.95318794 31.53003502 22.53774452 21.78834724 12.24936867 39.01697159 27.64594269 29.03336334 26.16783333 31.88435555 34.51380539 25.11195183 29.82351112 30.71145248 31.35183334 33.46493149 36.37176514 26.1776104 26.79914284 23.20879173 22.51156044 42.85123444 18.56492805 23.65196037 31.24603653 30.77548599 22.08137131 26.84139442 23.77599907 23.31049538 38.70234299 24.25022507 24.56968117 27.31985855 35.69451523 25.41069031 26.34750938 25.60025406 32.45056915 20.23446083 10.56624603 39.45636368 28.5496521 35.78019714 38.79167557 24.89899826 31.13048172 32.96722412 25.71627808 20.96323586 36.80529404 35.07748032 16.98390579 42.61470032 24.64928246 33.9067688 16.87509346 36.95506668 23.27981186 29.03412628 23.82315254 32.48794937 43.79048538 20.46873283 Other 3.959052086 5.715001106 5.660063744 3.429367781 4.970256329 5.659677982 5.277909279 5.152445316 4.675835133 4.581343174 5.589208126 9.064977646 4.37050724 4.650288105 5.36831522 5.519124031 4.355576992 3.728968143 5.27016449 5.500026226 4.628643036 4.888925552 4.769208431 4.977928162 5.167114258 5.319815159 5.609587193 4.210624695 5.395312309 5.081889153 5.138979912 5.532570839 4.915477276 5.638271809 3.67838192 4.768868446 5.145494461 5.744829655 4.780427933 5.064527988 5.328108311 5.94276762 3.92116642 5.288936615 3.968472242 5.769993305 4.466884613 5.300215244 4.311411858 4.968210697 5.284192085 Not sure 1.922090411 7.33186388 1.167371154 3.176670551 3.36874795 2.299000978 0.494722396 3.068883657 1.208775163 2.114502907 2.533694029 3.138177633 2.481868744 2.817807198 2.018270016 1.904727459 4.090439796 3.841892242 1.997446179 4.6006217 1.302852392 2.080744982 5.709701538 1.739076614 5.170435429 3.468297243 1.62211287 1.927454114 3.190429211 0.579514027 1.722462773 3.054455519 2.315170765 1.367618322 6.553019524 1.398120522 2.419843912 2.748747349 3.202695131 6.94017601 4.56879282 1.418132782 4.793336868 4.666400433 2.331238747 0.631592274 4.307612896 2.390727758 3.227728128 2.157362461 2.143993139 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  pid3_t Var. label:  Party ID 3 points (open‐ended) Question:  Party ID 3 points (open‐ended) This is a string variable. Consult the dataset for the values. Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  pid7 Var. label:  Party ID 7 points Question:  Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a …? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Percentages: Strong Democrat Not very strong Democrat Lean Democrat Independent Lean Republican Not very strong Republican Strong Republican 25.46510887 7.272386551 5.549402237 11.13890839 14.92936802 10.13138676 24.33687401 16.27728844 4.239124298 13.74579525 21.79834938 11.76820087 3.405360937 26.02907944 24.24231339 8.686936378 6.518094063 16.14356995 10.071105 10.70043278 22.70426369 21.75913811 9.091610909 6.483115673 22.49581909 13.3956871 7.919529438 17.51254272 33.0955658 17.37779617 7.775336742 17.41749954 7.14504385 6.081190109 10.57380199 29.93091011 10.1407795 10.09029102 11.03788567 8.936870575 11.76857376 16.21788025 26.09552383 17.61852455 11.3274889 15.82029819 8.969277382 7.827384472 12.0335989 37.06516266 9.217053413 9.031147003 16.70049667 3.300181389 7.700988293 15.93414402 53.2654686 18.78872108 6.194705486 8.921360016 4.886558533 2.562521219 4.650841713 25.35982513 15.43880844 8.054844856 15.50809193 6.210497379 12.80479431 14.73386574 31.63707924 9.145927429 2.243061543 13.73485661 8.002161026 14.61124325 19.25085831 19.73886299 17.60056496 6.216085911 21.2383728 16.07443619 11.75013161 5.918113708 12.58825302 9.305557251 7.996640205 14.73357677 10.88431835 15.99902534 27.93200111 33.61278915 13.25048542 8.924247742 14.45838928 5.424995899 8.108595848 14.60510159 20.18213081 10.02617359 10.20505333 11.62471676 11.7670784 8.165095329 27.05347443 22.21434975 12.80869102 10.40535831 24.62128258 6.117494583 8.554537773 12.98442841 20.27590752 9.898505211 8.889201164 15.244174 13.10306263 11.08814526 20.69629097 23.59838676 12.96526527 3.004303217 8.992161751 11.91964912 16.68040466 20.38524055 29.51063919 10.40275288 4.337753296 11.43099213 12.07242775 7.750090599 21.74715614 26.16270256 7.253429413 9.545170784 17.17234612 12.82368088 9.092934608 15.86025429 38.72816849 11.01424503 5.7558465 11.3164587 8.387999535 10.5674839 11.97025871 28.01284981 13.75113678 14.30350399 17.85008049 11.32505894 5.800643921 6.448724747 27.30200958 5.539770603 11.18050098 16.13071251 10.01931381 9.328972816 18.31696701 22.84741402 12.3833952 11.13521576 14.23431396 11.29416275 9.616291046 16.55154419 19.98642159 9.407195091 4.309101105 16.52883339 10.23241138 12.65094757 21.86285591 24.90465355 5.772273064 6.552083492 18.9106102 11.37460327 12.28645325 17.53705978 19.71543884 8.236088753 7.860373974 18.38823128 13.65476322 12.60601616 18.74581718 20.82657242 10.4859724 9.178469658 13.21032333 7.564370155 16.56602478 19.80574036 25.52822876 15.8781004 7.643548012 15.351511 7.993949413 11.85509586 14.94404507 21.30338669 7.672415257 12.62843895 22.39472008 13.48947716 7.480291367 15.03127003 31.04390717 19.87776947 8.709282875 13.03926945 8.764850616 7.235690117 11.32923698 17.82619667 11.56525517 10.49786949 21.07847404 5.712989807 12.10181808 19.14421844 31.24309158 12.60348892 14.3917942 11.82527542 7.09736824 10.13322067 11.94815254 32.5580368 13.34957981 3.049379349 13.82103062 12.133564 6.804098129 16.97190094 13.06040001 14.66548538 7.111426353 18.79832458 7.307605743 13.77250385 24.92983818 31.39769173 10.54577827 10.06314659 13.12509727 9.495030403 10.64547348 13.92420769 19.70277596 11.62667847 6.634733677 12.60322475 12.6024704 10.40368652 25.29083061 23.71823883 15.84042454 6.447711945 16.13498116 10.48424721 10.11894894 16.22855949 23.13495636 16.19688988 4.719451904 14.14703369 8.216900826 14.74626541 17.70430374 27.19681931 10.7758646 15.4016571 16.07363319 13.80076313 4.256070137 6.310174942 18.06083298 7.712418079 12.74057198 18.09483337 12.36460209 10.73223019 17.81742287 17.63076782 11.31765652 7.192294598 14.99365711 9.016542435 15.58784103 23.20383072 21.52626419 5.661527634 8.86615181 14.79003716 13.19119453 7.530902863 23.59957886 29.37237358 13.99278069 6.76455307 12.45292091 9.774059296 11.60524368 13.71862221 11.73002434 10.08748817 13.11704636 17.55541039 10.2068224 16.60809135 20.19720459 26.68305588 7.316751003 17.44367409 24.19154739 6.261454105 6.876584053 10.10732174 23.49896622 9.170493126 12.4205265 20.43181992 8.683011055 10.02277851 14.62650299 27.43803215 11.04086399 11.68659782 14.92981911 16.33847618 5.416755199 11.45833778 23.16977501 16.97714806 5.35871172 19.7602005 8.577550888 10.59298134 12.68682957 24.67884064 11.88448524 10.44316864 15.91732883 11.92770481 6.475788116 17.34736443 16.1588707 12.15372658 5.473386765 12.82959175 9.593938828 20.98109627 22.80938911 Not sure 1.176572919 2.736809254 0.933286965 1.342555761 0.533758402 1.876801848 0.307904005 1.050826788 0.729822934 1.889272094 1.374811769 1.463430524 0.560628951 1.615397096 0.976277649 2.293865204 0.804704964 2.454588175 2.748188496 2.089488745 2.259533882 2.50799942 2.181743622 1.937671542 5.022233486 2.662271261 0.793263078 2.362526178 0.805521846 2.073180437 0.757607877 1.312410951 0.35441801 0.803574502 1.135600686 1.026888728 1.134196997 6.185008526 2.477089643 1.057402015 4.834342957 2.319446564 0.49791196 1.119611859 1.145907879 1.691118956 2.876803875 1.325318933 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  ideo5 Var. label:  Ideology 5 points Question:  In general, how would you describe your own political viewpoint? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Very liberal 8.139825821 6.461790085 13.25667667 8.537041664 16.41110802 13.63451862 8.376168251 17.35612488 24.21817017 10.08989906 11.88574123 9.753189087 8.709692001 14.24643421 8.30537796 11.08847713 10.37790871 9.369484901 11.86872005 11.83364391 13.70018291 15.46910381 12.00205994 12.9649868 5.784953594 9.277456284 13.31408978 7.895679951 12.44897175 14.31097031 12.1877079 13.93527794 15.4397316 9.833986282 6.273454666 15.95574951 12.2861433 16.79656601 13.3167305 13.49299717 8.21333313 11.93283749 11.57354259 7.512712955 8.274002075 18.91978455 10.59866619 14.23823547 11.82749271 19.35548782 7.942115307 Liberal 18.10088348 13.09479141 16.91727638 12.89726639 19.90089607 21.70981789 28.56821632 16.49009132 26.98812103 18.32533836 11.59174156 17.37265778 14.6966362 21.46344566 18.66158485 15.58686733 15.93409729 14.60821152 10.12815571 16.80742264 18.930336 23.52480125 17.40826988 17.62246132 6.887278557 8.366244316 13.46689892 19.01987457 18.74617577 15.22958183 23.99836922 17.31010056 20.64177513 11.0751524 14.23937416 17.68183327 13.19132137 19.6140995 11.96468735 26.07761192 15.52986431 11.13878632 9.618106842 21.1054287 13.23566246 25.65998459 15.08214855 21.92964935 13.69918346 16.87154007 12.95633125 Percentages: Moderate Conservative Very conservative 25.86739159 25.93968964 13.87827492 33.74960327 30.02519035 12.18665218 27.44023514 22.07343674 15.14222908 31.94384384 23.87104225 15.34656906 25.73430061 21.47421837 7.865533829 30.64429283 13.88323021 16.30147743 28.79436111 23.21896172 6.719326496 30.9699688 21.79115486 6.267111778 31.94344902 8.30815506 4.279828072 31.97208023 25.45147324 11.29728603 31.50627708 23.8049984 13.66026115 39.10634613 19.28723145 5.943321228 26.26701927 25.94848633 18.83627129 30.73425102 17.61899376 10.43917179 26.97197342 23.91563416 16.38865852 36.27762985 17.04209328 14.42466354 30.73360443 20.96046448 16.50605774 29.44759178 23.09327126 17.91194344 25.17449379 23.64686966 19.89057541 27.92769432 25.48333931 8.821054459 34.24131393 16.98822594 12.81171799 31.03012466 17.50581551 5.873649597 30.6457119 16.97777367 12.3287859 35.62841797 16.0850544 12.76725197 31.08568764 27.07182503 22.52456474 35.04917145 24.49290085 17.15748405 29.61793709 22.96218872 17.62171555 27.8255806 28.88869476 13.26784039 37.06890488 16.7197361 11.52420712 33.09437943 22.87021637 7.828642368 32.38766861 16.60006332 10.73959732 28.16749573 19.95932388 14.92338085 29.66029167 16.95083237 11.67646313 30.91083527 20.33217812 18.90143776 32.60367966 25.98589897 14.00878525 25.87977219 25.99306679 8.755064011 27.74256325 21.18907547 19.99258041 27.66772652 21.26282501 12.23297787 23.63019562 31.52890396 13.10673809 34.81681824 15.33887672 5.360904217 27.26551437 28.90772247 11.04380035 27.35379982 23.39215851 20.15371895 32.93847275 23.12922478 18.24896431 28.51670837 17.15729904 19.59247971 30.50148582 29.31324387 14.95969105 26.17126274 15.43113041 8.138380051 33.15067673 21.29596519 13.23801041 29.80938148 16.16358566 12.90136337 28.65460396 18.34992981 19.8212719 28.30539894 18.15062904 14.18975639 36.46865845 23.99009705 13.82061005 Not sure 8.073935509 4.481970787 5.170145512 7.4042449 8.613942146 3.826663017 4.322957516 7.125547409 4.262268543 2.863924503 7.550981522 8.537252426 5.541896343 5.497703552 5.75677824 5.580269337 5.487866879 5.569498539 9.291185379 9.126846313 3.328215122 6.596503735 10.63739872 4.931833267 6.645690441 5.656741142 3.017169952 3.102322578 3.49199605 6.666210651 4.086601257 5.704414368 5.630914688 8.946409225 6.888807297 5.734512806 5.598315716 2.425804853 6.452744007 4.912796497 9.039765358 6.028698921 4.491688728 6.115362644 3.715914965 5.679458141 6.634540558 4.957777023 7.647511005 3.127188921 4.822189331 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  newsint Var. label:  Political interest Question:  Would you say you follow what's going on in government and public affairs… Percentages: State N Most of the time Some of the time Only now and then Alabama 199.1288 53.10348129 29.24637985 14.21975517 Alaska 200 57.88490295 32.19723511 4.960592747 Arizona 196.0176 68.95298004 20.88258362 6.307929039 Arkansas 200 48.74111557 30.42092514 15.17839146 California 200 58.62664032 28.61792374 8.335107803 Colorado 195.7297 66.47957611 21.88925934 6.641885757 Connecticut 198.3474 64.20175934 21.90689278 7.354626179 Delaware 200 57.64738464 24.04216003 13.66897583 District of Columbia 195.0583 60.96576691 28.55569649 9.158420563 Florida 198.3611 61.73411179 20.65192413 13.68231487 Georgia 194.2744 59.93881607 22.52210617 11.69046593 Hawaii 198.5493 55.59606552 21.84750748 18.1550312 Idaho 198.8787 63.84047699 22.90480804 9.042036057 Illinois 199.0167 62.86136246 22.1905117 7.225126266 Indiana 198.0345 62.67735672 20.49691963 12.39027691 Iowa 198.7675 56.30604553 29.8284874 9.311099052 Kansas 195.919 59.35616302 27.18817711 11.36367321 Kentucky 198.914 59.6353569 22.54235268 14.45103168 Louisiana 193.9008 50.12945938 28.28401375 16.09918594 Maine 197.1469 62.23246002 20.74857903 15.01741505 Maryland 196.6387 60.34843445 27.08342361 10.70097256 Massachusetts 196.442 63.5402832 24.5730896 5.826248646 Michigan 196.0616 55.72154236 24.04800606 16.53686714 Minnesota 193.1489 61.85388565 26.10992432 9.339944839 Mississippi 197.0649 57.17692184 30.78862762 8.491163254 Missouri 195.8905 67.93027496 22.78183556 6.310930252 Montana 198.4135 61.88563919 30.15311432 5.281532288 Nebraska 200 56.57845306 29.48651505 11.26574039 Nevada 195.3559 57.95648956 24.3633194 11.54874611 New Hampshire 197.1022 62.58771133 28.83862877 4.36632967 New Jersey 200 56.78247452 30.26064491 9.988274574 New Mexico 198.7156 60.07146835 27.18106461 10.85833931 New York 197.6683 66.6700058 21.81237602 8.48611927 North Carolina 200 60.79903412 24.58520126 10.72850513 North Dakota 198.3085 54.74108887 32.69619751 6.465213776 Ohio 197.2093 63.43148804 22.72690392 8.995332718 Oklahoma 200 61.80377197 23.73596001 10.57695198 Oregon 199.1362 64.34254456 26.96544075 6.333003521 Pennsylvania 190.2845 70.6386261 21.31190491 4.752505779 Rhode Island 200 54.53297043 28.89839745 11.15701485 South Carolina 197.3642 55.64466858 26.2869091 12.07480717 South Dakota 199.1628 60.13144302 27.24298477 8.261800766 Tennessee 192.7102 59.18676758 24.32711792 9.980422974 Texas 195.218 60.90513611 26.75319672 8.279038429 Utah 200 57.77987671 28.01208496 11.2042532 Vermont 200 62.87533951 21.95030594 13.61500835 Virginia 194.9396 62.33679581 27.01879311 6.646697998 Washington 197.229 60.84550476 26.78497505 6.949823856 West Virginia 197.7711 52.95737457 26.69196129 12.63293171 Wisconsin 199.1722 60.87313461 27.05769539 10.42064667 Wyoming 200 47.99718094 34.70144272 12.13825417 Hardly at all 3.430382013 4.957271576 3.85650897 5.659567833 4.420338154 4.989273548 6.536716461 4.641479969 1.320113659 3.931657076 5.848608494 4.401396751 4.212679386 7.722995281 4.435451508 4.554372787 2.091991186 3.371254921 5.487344742 2.001542568 1.867169976 6.060386181 3.693580151 2.696240187 3.543283701 2.976962566 2.679708242 2.669290066 6.131446838 4.207336903 2.96860528 1.889128208 3.031495571 3.887249947 6.09749794 4.846279621 3.883317232 2.359024048 3.296952724 5.411617756 5.993609905 4.363767624 6.505699635 4.062632561 3.003786325 1.559340239 3.997718573 5.419701576 7.717735291 1.648527265 5.163126945 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  pew_bornagain Var. label:  Born Again (Pew version) Question:  Born Again (Pew version) State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 199.6189 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 198.1745 200 200 Percentages: Yes No 50.40657 49.59343 29.62414 70.37585 25.30354 74.69646 50.69193 49.30807 24.21875 75.78125 25.21648 74.78352 16.3661 83.6339 25.50788 74.49212 33.16519 66.83481 30.19094 69.80907 45.89742 54.10258 12.47338 87.52662 25.0487 74.9513 22.73453 77.26547 32.72043 67.27957 30.29147 69.70853 39.86007 60.13993 51.26046 48.73954 41.07195 58.92805 19.30541 80.69459 25.90466 74.09534 12.07101 87.92899 26.06055 73.93945 31.05916 68.94083 63.46437 36.53563 41.24871 58.75129 28.22289 71.77711 27.92638 72.07362 21.85091 78.14909 14.80112 85.19888 14.15102 85.84898 24.40623 75.59377 15.49924 84.50076 38.80513 61.19487 30.55572 69.44427 27.71403 72.28596 53.89415 46.10585 27.15468 72.84531 27.7897 72.2103 9.273496 90.7265 39.9172 60.0828 30.11828 69.88172 40.9689 59.0311 36.54124 63.45876 18.36836 81.63164 10.21071 89.78929 35.31371 64.68629 25.53514 74.46486 45.58876 54.41123 23.71194 76.28806 27.85929 72.14071 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  pew_religimp Var. label:  Importance of religion (Pew version) Question:  Importance of religion (Pew version) State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Percentages: Very important Somewhat important Not too important Not at all important 51.25540543 20.10611534 15.3402462 13.29823494 37.98224258 24.21456146 13.3543787 24.4488163 34.65549469 24.5338974 17.7342968 23.0763092 46.68003464 28.04995346 15.16044521 10.10956764 31.76204872 26.35759735 10.12953949 31.75081635 39.06923676 14.8482523 13.29644108 32.78607559 28.78460121 26.50455856 16.72126961 27.98957253 35.03424072 31.66909599 12.73204422 20.56461143 45.51039886 20.48658943 12.0328207 21.97019196 39.15532303 27.9112339 11.40091896 21.53252602 52.18462372 24.38581848 10.10912037 13.32043648 29.91317177 29.20268059 12.44312763 28.44101906 36.71629333 28.11286354 13.6398077 21.53103638 37.94189453 26.26303101 12.78667545 23.00839996 38.5396843 30.55633926 11.72885418 19.17511177 34.13936615 31.14139557 11.10069656 23.61854935 44.73389053 24.12914848 11.6871767 19.44977951 57.41052628 23.4098587 8.602492332 10.57712364 52.69522858 24.23211479 5.635881901 17.43677521 30.03325081 24.00528145 16.17968941 29.78177834 40.08071899 21.80054283 18.54222298 19.57651329 22.94877815 21.03007698 23.51544952 32.50569534 36.65132523 26.85465813 11.2647028 25.2293148 39.50880051 29.79180527 10.89944267 19.79995155 62.92664337 19.13534737 10.10725021 7.830753326 45.87732697 25.41830254 13.1717329 15.53263855 36.65585709 24.60647202 15.0413456 23.6963253 37.5675354 26.75547981 13.93118382 21.74580383 29.67239571 29.207304 10.46616173 30.65413666 35.48865891 18.81150055 15.29788971 30.40195084 33.52725983 29.29392624 20.21585464 16.96295738 38.84366226 23.73262215 12.76201534 24.6617012 25.67951202 33.31823349 14.35480595 26.64743996 48.26410294 26.5667305 7.867877483 17.3012886 39.78759003 23.95464897 15.95403576 20.3037262 43.62333298 22.87391663 10.62985229 22.87289429 54.58459473 19.77020836 11.62610054 14.01909447 36.53472519 20.19690132 15.38577938 27.88259506 37.52602386 25.69419289 17.29428482 19.48549843 30.10757637 26.41855049 19.45869255 24.01517868 46.71490097 26.02824211 11.38538456 15.87147236 49.08206558 22.89037132 12.9408102 15.08675098 55.78085709 23.82318497 9.72694397 10.66901302 48.63128281 24.36812401 10.62122154 16.37937164 50.30363846 14.38263226 14.47476959 20.83895874 20.54920769 25.06991005 16.84587288 37.53500748 49.06817627 16.09650993 14.88001823 19.95529366 29.55538177 21.44034195 17.24158859 31.76268768 51.50463867 25.32456779 7.851032257 15.31976032 38.11629486 16.51123428 19.38494682 25.98752403 35.42477417 25.56172752 16.48752975 22.52596855 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  pew_churatd Var. label:  Church attendance (Pew version) Question:  How often do you attend formal religious services? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 199.2274 200 200 200 200 More than once a week 15.4377594 7.346363068 5.521851063 9.143471718 6.529773235 7.143113136 5.69379282 6.645917416 6.65401268 6.81984663 12.23126602 5.961015701 9.054438591 8.1416502 10.28005123 5.221025944 14.45206547 15.5416708 12.48590088 5.26625824 9.515193939 3.537005424 5.622420311 5.655349255 16.73101044 8.928896904 5.716953754 7.863284588 2.203502417 3.132782221 7.410356045 9.075118065 9.37189579 12.21993923 6.071956158 9.046462059 14.53450394 8.439303398 6.61097908 6.936100483 12.62858295 7.876365662 16.0335865 9.59872818 11.33480453 3.166525126 10.71401691 4.188821316 13.27087212 5.547725677 6.872470379 Percentages: Once a week Once or twice a month A few times a year 17.23237991 7.109531403 15.79014301 23.64789772 9.910455704 8.856262207 18.98632622 4.277968407 12.96658802 17.67752266 8.097117424 9.800038338 13.10030842 7.318306923 12.05691624 17.89090347 5.249659061 8.155187607 16.67102623 3.880944014 12.48587799 15.05457497 5.021241665 16.61610794 9.878548622 13.63809204 18.88104439 15.03370857 8.835058212 16.1801281 22.43470192 9.68483448 14.09887218 12.12340164 4.586083889 10.82728195 24.04380035 4.11572504 11.62450218 14.04140663 7.807126045 14.25483418 14.1414814 7.487690449 18.58934975 17.50694084 8.950293541 15.13191223 21.43530273 7.724406719 8.646850586 20.3137207 6.159684658 12.82135963 26.99382973 8.63662529 13.08813477 10.21905613 7.069729805 12.07680607 15.23465252 5.407325745 17.81613159 9.669555664 6.456204891 18.6024456 15.57140255 7.866088867 14.09298229 17.15384483 9.832686424 19.12837601 31.30653763 9.327692032 11.91761494 19.79884148 7.438560963 13.57867241 17.89787865 4.132326126 14.04396248 20.83760071 9.028646469 13.73426819 11.69977856 7.619515896 12.47886372 14.80726624 6.641111374 9.138175011 18.21382713 7.913443089 14.79353428 17.71957016 4.700889587 15.00380993 9.05304718 4.616108418 12.22328091 18.32531166 5.270885468 16.24754333 18.66866684 12.10400391 14.03809643 19.46732903 5.755390167 13.01682949 25.22099876 4.591902733 11.68363571 18.98442459 4.534935474 10.3748436 16.86351585 6.824685097 11.72335243 15.60583782 10.46640491 13.04660511 23.16761398 9.884098053 8.997732162 21.47501564 7.473296165 19.60899162 19.18831062 8.419862747 12.0265789 24.53983879 10.54396915 12.60969353 35.47941971 5.36071682 12.37761593 13.53517723 3.221649885 10.54044437 18.06469917 8.963740349 16.86435699 16.53848267 5.066574574 11.34210587 15.0421896 7.570347309 10.63573742 15.36662388 7.777642727 14.29767609 20.41761017 6.485635757 10.17033768 Seldom 19.81231499 22.26995277 17.97686768 32.44297791 18.13677216 20.37206268 25.55365944 27.06559944 23.35852623 22.60243607 21.50517273 19.84237289 21.86668396 22.8696785 23.51381874 19.74023819 22.69162941 24.30290985 20.95698357 26.38684845 24.99889374 18.61152077 20.08662987 19.65305138 12.68402481 23.78862762 23.42941093 26.42547989 25.55852509 27.25778961 22.75259972 17.70968437 31.0649147 19.50694466 23.18746948 19.64644241 18.75341797 21.02615929 21.73665237 16.38738251 18.42155266 21.6583004 21.312397 24.21425629 11.33222103 28.7085743 20.07650375 27.63233566 27.63663101 17.60154343 27.7351284 Never 21.81808281 26.98624611 38.38274002 21.0173645 39.42285538 39.34402466 35.27919006 26.10215187 25.27302361 27.6994381 18.88545036 46.2171669 29.2948513 30.92915726 25.39356422 32.9755249 24.7529335 19.56982422 16.37501144 38.63383102 25.34778595 42.38001251 35.8945961 27.91569138 14.8768158 24.79551315 33.60131836 21.00130463 39.94008255 37.79788208 28.54310799 34.81743622 32.72616577 26.42848206 24.4610157 32.08338928 24.11886215 34.43109512 32.80488205 36.26203156 23.15690804 20.48579216 22.15063286 17.16550064 23.20880127 40.6154213 23.16114044 34.58957672 21.24409485 38.55400848 27.84342575 Don't know 2.79978919 0.982823312 1.887665868 1.821509719 3.435066462 1.845048308 0.435509384 3.494407892 2.316746235 2.829384804 1.159694791 0.442677259 1.956156611 0.59404403 0.474062711 0.296811134 1.290831089 1.46350503 0.347469032 1.680015206 0.743256509 0.865885854 0.661000073 3.156311512 1.670888066 1.178148031 1.109414339 0.499741167 1.224995375 0.37313062 0.973491251 0.944586694 2.000893593 1.46879065 0.984156072 1.096678615 2.209238291 3.435929775 1.295638323 3.743511677 1.422237873 0.86863178 1.328012824 0.906421065 0.212215245 2.155545473 0.642103553 4.600126743 0.85477984 0.475390494 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  pew_prayer Var. label:  Frequency of Prayer (Pew version) Question:  Frequency of Prayer (Pew version) State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming N 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 199.2274 200 200 200 200 Several times a day 39.91992188 27.65509796 28.65288353 37.54206848 27.46749878 29.83788872 24.31895447 30.44536209 23.82404327 29.87274742 44.91365051 24.78264427 35.0924263 25.15995979 28.42865181 23.4978714 30.33071136 41.66714478 38.58932114 23.06677246 30.01162338 18.4948082 25.67564964 32.07842636 50.0734787 32.22180557 31.2347908 28.96334457 23.09073257 22.71047783 26.41370201 30.30119324 22.87958717 36.40016174 22.94021034 29.06518173 42.70054626 31.23755646 30.07971573 19.87936592 35.0970726 32.16014099 37.84859085 35.63037491 42.88185501 13.9290514 33.23826218 24.84637451 37.54165268 28.91870499 33.20269394 Once a day A few times a week 12.62648392 9.435613632 11.88014984 11.51482773 14.39133453 9.521280289 17.90359497 12.54717255 9.307982445 8.119299889 8.172171593 12.96855927 14.25271416 11.27671719 15.02283478 10.88465118 10.00967121 16.64658928 9.881438255 13.53905678 13.99264145 13.14485455 15.64928055 10.16781902 10.61308575 13.47247505 10.60805798 14.07801723 16.72205544 12.23827076 12.96171665 15.64379597 14.84919834 13.84132195 18.87807274 9.053909302 17.78716087 13.23789597 10.22126293 10.8767395 9.953892708 11.26882648 11.50309563 11.4382782 16.36136627 14.02456665 12.39001369 11.86280155 18.71812439 9.199627876 22.99126434 9.469529152 11.26728821 11.36413479 14.22013378 17.07922173 10.53121281 15.12644291 12.1622591 9.678460121 14.99759197 12.59654522 14.06767941 11.93346119 13.91942024 13.06959724 12.85020638 10.02367496 14.23325443 12.57801342 17.3077507 15.02470398 15.01901817 10.70344257 9.682806015 7.235449791 12.12353039 13.00197124 14.33905602 12.38985157 11.6734724 12.58153915 18.66548347 10.71864891 10.89086628 17.5596981 10.36898232 15.56365299 12.56057262 8.354513168 10.4765377 12.68163776 13.88747406 6.329119205 9.669947624 11.39453316 10.26568031 13.01712036 16.12980843 11.01942062 11.35585213 12.62945747 Percentages: Once a week A few times a month 1.863145351 5.211575985 2.770992756 8.517328262 2.749192238 3.742520332 0.369386107 5.561178684 4.721811771 4.527358055 2.069370508 3.712485075 2.734082222 2.870564461 1.731800675 6.632339478 3.666296482 5.092543602 4.273112774 8.513545036 3.830823898 4.787822723 0.968108892 5.12456274 1.547922254 6.347040653 3.49539423 8.8556633 0.950176716 10.56680775 2.980732918 6.249508858 6.179107666 3.886487484 2.260244846 5.320109844 1.909306526 3.57314086 1.624853849 5.184202194 2.108402252 7.526433468 2.131396294 7.48948288 2.857132435 7.250511646 2.054911375 9.816838264 0.756596565 5.454017162 1.30718863 5.723313808 1.280473828 5.461905003 4.833095551 5.289037228 4.255613327 6.002518177 1.31078589 4.292200089 4.045161247 5.966606617 1.78310287 7.834903717 1.799895406 5.32007122 4.425633907 10.64484215 4.529116631 5.311263561 1.381320119 5.239472389 0.612770438 3.231119633 0.396701992 4.6728158 2.954255104 4.830676556 1.995882869 13.41764927 4.304133892 7.753862381 1.567474961 9.1492939 3.630578756 6.765062809 4.468196869 5.999986172 2.50819397 5.326617241 2.635413885 5.756432056 4.444270134 5.316179276 1.094721794 6.438139439 2.033613443 4.108361244 1.675927877 3.270113707 1.69231689 6.846345425 Seldom 16.46489716 18.42873573 15.33857155 11.7353611 12.32978058 15.23176193 16.26752472 13.52134609 12.52532291 12.59963512 8.304033279 20.32991219 13.87892056 12.87687206 13.78834152 16.49859619 13.66257286 10.30089188 10.59880733 21.4593029 15.47949314 16.297966 13.77853966 14.21706104 8.326070786 11.50607872 14.71971893 12.33840656 11.56267166 18.05560493 16.3431797 11.96615219 16.47675896 8.838453293 16.25411034 11.53943729 12.33839607 17.48879433 14.3422699 12.81566811 14.34790421 13.34572124 11.8811779 12.33745003 12.03001022 18.29789925 16.15503693 16.26996613 12.39837837 16.89100647 15.31160355 Never 11.83003139 18.72901917 23.33610344 13.0734024 28.37522697 26.24170685 27.11326981 16.07556152 25.43415833 15.71842575 10.07025051 21.48521614 16.78116989 19.04814529 15.15282726 21.72752953 17.25059128 9.572414398 12.98409271 26.55116463 20.83959579 31.22356415 17.29059029 14.74751091 6.369407177 13.41293049 24.06151199 15.72632217 27.17281532 27.65571785 16.81592941 20.8128643 24.0475235 14.90517902 17.22542953 18.54306984 13.83583736 26.88568497 18.78648567 20.40231895 12.71417809 13.85595989 9.118384361 13.86615658 15.20330429 33.04279327 18.61969376 26.06235886 11.24691105 21.03735161 17.980793 Don't know 2.648331165 0.503847122 2.268122673 1.267835736 5.151041031 1.766055465 1.1661731 5.686103344 2.801376343 5.602046967 0.955924571 1.492464423 2.266952515 5.877882481 2.152867317 0.440256387 2.947220564 1.320266843 1.015700936 2.811733723 1.421408415 2.761641979 2.832427979 1.102671504 3.367881298 0.610168457 1.55044651 2.257985115 4.134492874 2.821278572 1.300637007 2.487146854 1.911841989 6.928601265 1.899065375 1.558870792 2.400183439 3.881095648 4.760208607 1.527836919 0.537283838 2.305643797 1.765200853 1.134925723 3.180236816 2.009970427 4.223950386 9.38828373 1.057664037 0.980943501 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  inputzip Var. label:  ZIP Code of residence Question:  So that we can ask you about the news and events in your area, in what zip code do you live? State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Mean N 35917.08 99277.62 85070.59 72267.21 92829.98 80236.3 6755.237 19818.53 20041.97 33664.07 30690.91 96724.68 83629.57 60646.83 46675.87 51374.37 66570.37 41122.21 70622.14 4851.834 21152.97 2556.281 48853.29 56089.95 38489.77 64144.4 58528.67 68411.15 89140.5 3398.521 8321.662 86839.57 12084.98 27980.63 58477.27 44184.24 73789.61 96933.21 17495.58 2870.698 29451.37 57524.97 37811.15 76581.88 84253.39 5928.861 22972.17 97997.08 25786.89 53847.2 82400.94 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Std. dev. Min. Max. 654.5166 35005 40241 4651.752 20002 99929 5801.809 4605 99645 1732.095 45218 72958 4405.741 44111 96080 2163.045 60119 84058 3383.629 1702 40216 104.0612 19701 19977 145.9358 20001 20748 5566.283 2111 92057 1160.453 30003 39854 1496.548 37777 96826 249.1459 83201 86413 3033.15 20037 62999 1405.268 26101 53711 1065.574 50002 57049 2174.279 45431 78130 1011.36 33919 42743 528.083 70001 75503 4954.439 3901 83501 462.7438 19805 25414 5295.475 1001 66002 3331.956 37160 92028 5042.302 32523 98315 4585.747 10027 39776 941.1352 63010 65810 7674.805 10003 83349 372.1912 68003 69361 1396.819 71459 93012 328.5973 3031 3890 3700.994 7002 60440 6460.663 20011 88401 1819.155 501 19734 513.8185 27012 28906 1721.664 56560 85295 2742.464 20005 46714 666.6704 73008 77429 5041.928 20009 97913 1534.126 15001 20007 90.60884 1801 2921 254.796 29010 29928 2088.85 57003 85120 1586.756 33180 61021 7423.937 2134 88008 250.1154 84003 84790 6068.603 802 98512 2044.409 19118 48750 5942.65 20008 99362 621.547 24701 29061 907.7866 43015 54983 3103.491 19073 85546 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  starttime Var. label:  Beginning of interview Question:  Beginning of interview State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Mean N 11/17/2016 14:03 11/23/2016 18:42 11/14/2016 15:38 11/16/2016 8:00 11/11/2016 5:56 11/13/2016 10:54 11/14/2016 13:40 11/18/2016 12:47 11/20/2016 23:57 11/11/2016 12:13 11/13/2016 4:12 11/21/2016 2:29 11/17/2016 18:19 11/12/2016 10:08 11/14/2016 3:06 11/14/2016 23:43 11/16/2016 13:46 11/14/2016 9:33 11/16/2016 0:50 11/16/2016 5:46 11/14/2016 9:40 11/13/2016 0:47 11/13/2016 14:20 11/14/2016 2:05 11/18/2016 14:31 11/13/2016 22:43 11/18/2016 20:57 11/16/2016 18:49 11/14/2016 17:44 11/15/2016 19:01 11/13/2016 1:47 11/17/2016 8:21 11/11/2016 14:35 11/12/2016 17:30 11/23/2016 11:52 11/12/2016 6:47 11/15/2016 15:54 11/13/2016 18:21 11/11/2016 14:08 11/19/2016 18:51 11/15/2016 9:50 11/21/2016 11:11 11/14/2016 22:22 11/12/2016 0:07 11/15/2016 14:45 11/20/2016 18:15 11/12/2016 20:18 11/13/2016 2:32 11/16/2016 7:47 11/14/2016 0:43 11/23/2016 4:32 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Std. dev. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Min. 11/9/2016 18:36 11/9/2016 17:39 11/9/2016 10:40 11/9/2016 13:24 11/9/2016 10:30 11/9/2016 12:01 11/9/2016 10:39 11/9/2016 12:18 11/9/2016 22:42 11/9/2016 10:30 11/9/2016 10:43 11/9/2016 14:22 11/9/2016 10:34 11/9/2016 10:31 11/9/2016 11:49 11/9/2016 12:19 11/9/2016 10:37 11/9/2016 10:34 11/9/2016 10:37 11/9/2016 11:48 11/9/2016 10:29 11/9/2016 11:58 11/9/2016 11:49 11/9/2016 10:39 11/9/2016 17:32 11/9/2016 10:41 11/9/2016 11:57 11/9/2016 10:34 11/9/2016 11:54 11/9/2016 12:00 11/9/2016 12:02 11/9/2016 18:00 11/9/2016 10:29 11/9/2016 10:31 11/9/2016 20:35 11/9/2016 10:35 11/9/2016 10:42 11/9/2016 11:54 11/9/2016 10:33 11/9/2016 12:39 11/9/2016 10:42 11/9/2016 19:13 11/9/2016 13:49 11/9/2016 10:34 11/9/2016 10:36 11/9/2016 20:15 11/9/2016 10:33 11/9/2016 10:36 11/9/2016 15:23 11/9/2016 12:00 11/9/2016 19:26 Max. 11/28/2016 10:52 12/6/2016 13:33 11/26/2016 5:26 11/27/2016 23:58 11/28/2016 11:46 12/1/2016 15:19 11/26/2016 5:39 12/4/2016 8:01 12/4/2016 15:05 11/18/2016 1:54 11/29/2016 18:55 12/1/2016 19:06 11/28/2016 9:02 11/24/2016 19:47 11/26/2016 15:15 11/27/2016 21:24 11/28/2016 0:13 11/26/2016 2:00 11/27/2016 22:32 11/28/2016 6:55 11/25/2016 22:03 11/28/2016 6:17 11/25/2016 23:54 11/28/2016 13:10 11/28/2016 16:05 11/26/2016 9:31 12/5/2016 9:44 11/28/2016 11:27 11/26/2016 7:44 11/28/2016 7:15 11/22/2016 10:50 11/28/2016 12:57 12/3/2016 9:50 11/28/2016 15:11 12/5/2016 9:19 11/19/2016 21:22 11/26/2016 16:00 11/26/2016 0:56 12/1/2016 14:42 12/4/2016 23:25 11/27/2016 21:10 12/1/2016 18:30 11/27/2016 20:46 11/18/2016 10:51 11/26/2016 5:48 12/4/2016 19:29 11/22/2016 16:35 11/30/2016 15:38 11/29/2016 8:29 11/26/2016 3:36 12/5/2016 7:43 Appendix 4 Top-line statistics from nationwide study, by state, weighted data Variable:  endtime Var. label:  End of interview Question:  End of interview State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Mean N 11/17/2016 14:17 11/23/2016 19:46 11/14/2016 20:05 11/16/2016 8:56 11/11/2016 8:30 11/13/2016 11:33 11/14/2016 16:25 11/18/2016 13:15 11/21/2016 1:08 11/11/2016 17:34 11/13/2016 8:25 11/21/2016 3:12 11/17/2016 19:40 11/12/2016 12:50 11/14/2016 5:12 11/15/2016 0:16 11/16/2016 14:04 11/14/2016 10:25 11/16/2016 1:15 11/16/2016 6:30 11/14/2016 10:34 11/13/2016 1:22 11/13/2016 14:51 11/14/2016 2:33 11/18/2016 16:59 11/13/2016 23:42 11/18/2016 21:57 11/16/2016 22:26 11/14/2016 18:03 11/15/2016 21:00 11/13/2016 3:35 11/17/2016 10:16 11/11/2016 14:51 11/12/2016 19:21 11/23/2016 15:46 11/12/2016 8:08 11/15/2016 16:08 11/14/2016 5:26 11/11/2016 14:55 11/19/2016 20:05 11/15/2016 10:58 11/21/2016 11:26 11/14/2016 22:39 11/12/2016 1:05 11/15/2016 15:15 11/20/2016 18:34 11/12/2016 20:52 11/13/2016 5:54 11/16/2016 8:07 11/14/2016 1:02 11/23/2016 5:29 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Std. dev. N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Min. 11/9/2016 18:44 11/9/2016 17:55 11/9/2016 10:49 11/9/2016 13:31 11/9/2016 10:39 11/9/2016 12:12 11/9/2016 10:59 11/9/2016 12:25 11/9/2016 22:58 11/9/2016 10:38 11/9/2016 11:26 11/9/2016 15:14 11/9/2016 10:39 11/9/2016 10:40 11/9/2016 12:05 11/9/2016 12:23 11/9/2016 10:47 11/9/2016 10:41 11/9/2016 10:42 11/9/2016 11:53 11/9/2016 10:36 11/9/2016 12:04 11/9/2016 11:57 11/9/2016 10:48 11/9/2016 17:50 11/9/2016 10:56 11/9/2016 12:05 11/9/2016 10:39 11/9/2016 12:09 11/9/2016 12:11 11/9/2016 12:09 11/9/2016 18:06 11/9/2016 10:36 11/9/2016 10:38 11/9/2016 20:43 11/9/2016 10:44 11/9/2016 10:48 11/9/2016 12:04 11/9/2016 10:44 11/9/2016 12:44 11/9/2016 10:51 11/9/2016 19:28 11/9/2016 14:30 11/9/2016 10:42 11/9/2016 10:49 11/9/2016 20:46 11/9/2016 10:41 11/9/2016 10:48 11/9/2016 15:37 11/9/2016 12:11 11/9/2016 19:33 Max. 11/28/2016 11:02 12/6/2016 13:58 12/11/2016 16:38 11/28/2016 0:08 11/28/2016 12:04 12/1/2016 16:38 11/29/2016 15:12 12/4/2016 8:28 12/4/2016 15:30 12/11/2016 8:01 11/29/2016 19:12 12/1/2016 19:51 12/2/2016 7:36 12/7/2016 14:52 11/28/2016 13:39 11/27/2016 21:42 11/28/2016 0:43 11/26/2016 2:29 11/27/2016 22:43 11/28/2016 8:22 11/28/2016 0:04 11/28/2016 6:24 11/27/2016 20:18 11/28/2016 13:19 11/29/2016 18:54 11/26/2016 9:45 12/6/2016 9:09 12/13/2016 9:44 11/26/2016 8:34 11/28/2016 7:23 11/26/2016 19:39 12/10/2016 8:00 12/3/2016 10:01 11/30/2016 13:17 12/8/2016 20:29 11/27/2016 14:34 11/26/2016 16:21 12/12/2016 14:32 12/1/2016 14:50 12/4/2016 23:47 11/27/2016 21:20 12/1/2016 18:40 11/27/2016 20:51 11/20/2016 16:18 11/26/2016 11:19 12/5/2016 5:35 11/22/2016 16:49 12/5/2016 0:06 11/29/2016 8:47 11/26/2016 3:53 12/5/2016 7:56 446 Appendix 5. Questionnaire Decision to Vote and Reasons for Not Voting The next several questions deal with your experiences voting during the November 2014 general election. It is important for the rest of the survey to know whether you voted. Your answer is anonymous. Q1 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Voted Which of the following statements best describes you? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I did not vote in the election this November I thought about voting this time, but didn’t I usually vote, but didn’t this time I tried to vote, but was not allowed to when I tried I tried to vote, but it ended up being too much trouble I definitely voted in the November General Election 447 Q2A-Q2N GRID Reason for not voting IF Q1! = 6. How much of a factor did the following reasons play in your not voting in the November General Election? Rows: Q2A Q2B Q2C Q2D Q2E Q2F Q2G Q2H Q2I Q2J Q2K Q2L Q2M Q2N I did not have the right kind of identification Illness or disability (own or family’s) Out of town or away from home I forgot to vote I requested but did not receive an absentee ballot I was too busy/had a conflicting work, family, or school schedule Transportation problems I didn’t like the candidates or campaign issues There were problems with my registration Bad weather The polling place hours, or location, were inconvenient The line at the polls was too long I did not know where to vote I did not receive my ballot in the mail, or it arrived too late for me to vote. Columns: 1 2 3 9 Not a factor A minor factor A major factor I don’t know 448 Q3 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED First time voting If Q1 in [4, 5, 6]; please rotate row items Was this your first time voting, or have you voted in elections before? 1 I am a first time voter 2 I have voted in elections before 9 {FIXED} I don’t know Q4 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Mode of voting If Q1 in [4, 5, 6] How did you vote this election? 1 2 3 9 Voted in person on Election Day (at a polling place or precinct) Voted in person before Election Day Voted by mail or absentee ballot by mail I don’t know 449 In-Person Voting Q5 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Difficulty finding polling place If Q4 in [1, 2] How difficult was it to find your polling place to vote? 1 2 3 4 9 Very difficult Somewhat difficult Fairly easy Very easy I don’t know Q6 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Polling place type If Q4 in [1, 2]; Please rotate the response items How would you describe the place where you voted? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 99 Private business School building Church Police/Fire Station A store or shopping mall Senior center Community center Library {FIXED} Other government office (court house, municipal building, city hall, etc.) {FIXED} Other (please specify __________) {FIXED} I don’t remember 450 Q7 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Personally knew person who checked you in If Q4 in [1, 2] Did you personally know the person who checked you in when you arrived to vote? 1 2 8 9 Yes No {FIXED} I don’t know {FIXED} I don’t remember Q7A SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Used EPB If Q4 in [1,2] When you checked-in to vote, did the polling place use a computer to check your registration, or did it use a paper registration list? 1. Computer check-in 2. Paper check-in 9. I don’t remember 451 Q8 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED How well the polling place was run If Q4 in [1, 2] How well were things run at the polling place where you voted? 1 2 3 4 9 Very well — I did not see any problems at the polling place Okay — I saw some minor problems, but nothing that interfered with people voting Not well — I saw some minor problems that affected the ability of a few people to vote Terrible — I saw some major problems that affected the ability of many people to vote I don’t know 452 Q9 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Problem with voter registration If Q4 in [1, 2] Was there a problem with your voter registration when you tried to vote? 1 2 9 Yes (please specify what problem, or problems, you had _____________) No {FIXED} I don’t know Q10 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Voting Time of day If Q4 in [1,2] What time was it when you went to vote, that is, when you first arrived at the polling place and got in line? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 99 Before 5:00 am 5:00 am – 5:59 am 6:00 am – 6:59 am 7:00 am – 7:59 am 8:00 am – 8:59 am 9:00 am – 9:59 am 10:00 am – 10:59 am 11:00 am – 11:59 noon 12:00 noon – 12:59 pm 1:00 pm – 1:59 pm 2:00 pm – 2:59 pm 3:00 pm – 3:59 pm 4:00 pm – 4:59 pm 5:00 pm – 5:59 pm 6:00 pm – 6:59 pm 7:00 pm – 7:59 pm 8:00 pm – 8:59 pm After 9:00 pm Don’t know 453 Q11 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Polling place open If Q4 in [1,2] When you arrived at the polling place and got in line to vote, was the polling place open to voters, or was it closed? 1 2 9 It was open It was closed Don’t know Q12 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED How voting fit into day If Q4 in [1,2]. Please think back to the day when you voted in the 2014 November election. Select the statement that best applies to how voting fit into your schedule that day. 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 I voted while on my way to work or school. I voted before work or school, but not on my way to work or school. I voted during a break in my work- or school day. I voted while on my way home after work or school. I voted after work or school, but not on my way home. I did not have work or school the day I voted. I don’t remember 454 Q12A Errands and voting If Q4 in [1,2] Did you fit any other errands into the trip when you went to vote? 1. Yes 2. No 9. I don’t remember. Q13 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Line length If Q4 in [1, 2] Approximately, how long did you have to wait in line to vote? 1 2 3 4 5 9 Not at all Less than 10 minutes 10-30 minutes 31minutes – 1 hour More than 1 hour (please specify how long ____________________) I don’t know 455 Q14 Source of line SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED If Q13 != 1 Was your wait in line mostly when you first arrived to check in at the registration table, or after you checked in and were waiting to gain access to a place to cast your ballot? 1 2 3 9 Most of my wait was to check in to vote. Most of my wait was after I had checked in, and I was waiting to gain access to a voting machine or other place to vote. My wait in line was fairly evenly divided between checking in and waiting to cast my ballot. I don’t remember. Q15 SINGLE CHOICE WITH TEXT, SOFT REQUIRED Picture ID If Q4 in [1,2]; Please rotate response categories When you first checked in at the polling place to vote, which of the following statements most closely describes how you were asked to identify yourself? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I gave my name and address, but did not show any identification of any kind. I showed a letter, a bill, or something else with my name and address on it, but it was not an identification card of any sort. I showed my voter registration card. I showed my driver’s license or state-issued photo ID. I showed my passport. I showed a military ID card. {FIXED} I showed some other form of identification. (Please indicate what you showed __________.) {FIXED} I don’t remember. 456 Q16 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Picture ID follow-up If Q15 in [4, 5, 6] Did you show picture identification because you were asked for it specifically, or because a picture ID was the most convenient form of identification for you to show? 1. I was asked specifically for an ID card with a picture on it 2. I showed a picture ID card because it was convenient for me; I could have shown another form of ID if I had wanted to 9. I don’t remember. 457 Q17 SINGLE CHOICE WITH TEXT, SOFT REQUIRED Voting equipment problems If Q4 in [1, 2] Did you encounter any problems with the voting equipment or the ballot that may have interfered with your ability to cast your vote as intended? 1. Yes (please specify what problem, or problems, you had _____________________) 2. No 9. {FIXED} I don’t know Q18 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Poll worker performance If Q4 in [1, 2] Please rate the job performance of the poll workers at the polling place where you voted. 1. 2. 3. 4. 9. Excellent Good Fair Poor I don’t know 458 Q19 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Race of Poll Worker If Q4 in [1, 2]; please rotate the response items What was the race/ethnicity of the poll worker who checked you in when you voted? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 9. African-American Native American Asian White Hispanic {FIXED} Other/multi-racial {FIXED} I don’t recall the race of my poll worker {FIXED} I don’t know Q20 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Age of poll worker If Q4 in [1, 2] About how old was the poll worker who checked you in when you voted? 1. 2. 3. 4. 9. Under 30 Between 31 and 50 Between 51 and 70 Older than 70 I don’t know 459 Absentee Voting Q21 SINGLE CHOICE WITH TEXT, SOFT REQUIRED Reason for absentee ballot If Q4==3; please rotate items Which of the following statements most closely describes why you voted by mail or absentee? 1. My state or locality only has vote-by-mail. 2. I have signed up to receive a mail or absentee ballot automatically in each election. 3. Voting by mail or absentee was just more convenient for me this election 4. I was out of town for this election 5. I have a physical disability that makes it difficult for me to get to the polls 6. I could not get to the polls on Election Day because of my work or school schedule 7. I am in the armed forces 8. I was an election official or poll worker 9. Religious observances would have interfered with my going to the polls 10. Other (Please specify ____________________) Q22 SINGLE CHOICE WITH TEXT, SOFT REQUIRED Problems getting mail ballot If Q4==3 Were there any problems getting your absentee or mail-in ballot sent to you? 1. Yes (Please specify what problem, or problems, you had ____________________) 2. No 9. {FIXED} I don’t know 460 Q23 SINGLE CHOICE WITH TEXT, SOFT REQUIRED Problem marking mail ballot If Q4==3 Did you encounter any problems marking or completing your ballot that may have interfered with your ability to cast your vote as intended? 1. Yes (please specify what problem, or problems, you had ____________________) 2. No 9. {FIXED} I don’t know Q24 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED How returned mail ballot If Q4==3 To the best of your memory, how was your ballot returned? 1 2 9 Taken to an official election location (such as a polling place, early voting center, or dropbox). Mailed back I don’t remember Q25 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Who returned ballot? If Q4==3 Did you personally return or mail back your ballot, or did someone else? 1 2 9 I did, personally. Someone else did. I don’t remember 461 Q26 SINGLE CHOICE WITH TEXT, SOFT REQUIRED Where absentee ballot returned If Q4==3 Which of the following statements most accurately describes where your ballot was returned? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Post office box at a U.S. Postal Service location. Official post office box not at a U.S. Postal Service location. Picked up by the postal worker who delivers mail to my home. Drop box used only for ballots, not located at an election office or polling place. Main election office. Neighborhood polling place. Voting center, not a neighborhood polling place. Other (please specify __________________) I don’t know Q27 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED How long it took to return mail ballot If Q25==1 & Q26 in [1,2,4,5,6,7] Once you got to where you dropped off your ballot, how long did you have to wait before you could deposit your ballot and leave? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 9. Not at all Less than 10 minutes 10-30 minutes 31minutes – 1 hour More than 1 hour (please specify how long ____________________) I don’t know 462 Q28 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Convenience of drop-off location If Q25==1 & Q26 in [1,2,4,5,6,7] Select the statement that best applies to why you decided to deposit your ballot where you did. 1. 2. 3. 9. It was convenient to my work or school. It was close to my home. It was close, or on my way, to where I had errands to run. I don’t know. Q29 LARGE TEXT BOX Why mail ballot dropped off If Q25==1 & Q26 in [1,2,4,5,6,7] Earlier you answered that you personally dropped off your ballot at an official location. Why did you decide to do that, rather than mail the ballot back in? Q30 LARGE TEXT BOX Why mail ballot mailed back If Q25==1 & Q26 ==3 Earlier you answered that you mailed your ballot back. Why did you decide to do that, rather than return your ballot personally to an official location? 463 Q31 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED When absentee ballot returned If Q4==3 To the best of your memory, when was your ballot returned? 1. 2. 3. 4. 9. On Election Day A few days before Election Day The week before Election Day More than a week before Election Day I don’t remember Q32 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Ease filling out absentee ballot If Q4==3 Overall, how easy was it to follow all the instructions necessary to cast your ballot and return it to be counted? 1. 2. 3. 4. 9. Very easy Somewhat easy Somewhat hard Very hard I don’t remember 464 Voter Confidence Q33 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Confidence (your vote) If Q1==6 How confident are you that your vote in the General Election was counted as you intended? 1. 2. 3. 4. 9. Very confident Somewhat confident Not too confident Not at all confident I don’t know Q34 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Confidence (county) Think about vote counting throughout your county or city, and not just your own personal situation. How confident are you that votes in your county or city were counted as voters intended? 1. 2. 3. 4. 9. Very confident Somewhat confident Not too confident Not at all confident I don’t know 465 Q35 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Confidence (state) Now, think about vote counting throughout $inputstate. How confident are you that votes in $inputstate were counted as voters intended? 1. 2. 3. 4. 9. Very confident Somewhat confident Not too confident Not at all confident I don’t know Q36 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Confidence (nationwide) Finally, think about vote counting throughout the country. How confident are you that votes nationwide were counted as voters intended? 1. 2. 3. 4. 9. Very confident Somewhat confident Not too confident Not at all confident I don’t know 466 Attitudes Regarding Voter Fraud Q37 GRID Please rotate the row items The following is a list of activities that are usually against the law. Please indicate how often you think these activities occur in your county or city. Rows Q37A Q37B Q37C Q37D Q37E Q37F People voting more than once in an election People stealing or tampering with ballots that have been voted People pretending to be someone else when going to vote People voting who are not U.S. citizens People voting an absentee ballot intended for another person Officials changing the reported vote count in a way that is not a true reflection of the ballots that were actually counted Columns 1. It is very common 2. It occurs occasionally 3. It occurs infrequently 4. It almost never occurs 9. I’m not sure Q38 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED How much of a problem do you believe computer hacking was nationwide in the administration of elections in 2016? 1. 2. 3. 9. Major problem Minor problem Not a problem at all I’m not sure 467 Q39 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED How much of a problem do you believe computer hacking was locally in the administration of elections in 2016? 1. 2. 3. 9. Major problem Minor problem Not a problem at all I’m not sure 468 Identification and Voting Q40 SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Driver’s license Do you have a driver’s license? 1. Yes 2. No 9. I don’t know Q40A SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED If Q38==1 DL expired Is your driver’s license expired? 1. Yes 2. No 9. I don’t know Q40B SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED DL legal name If Q38==1 Is the name on your driver’s license the same name you are registered to vote under? 1. Yes 2. No 9. I don’t know 469 Q40C SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED DL address If Q38==1 Is the address on your driver’s license the same as the address where you are registered to vote? 1. Yes 2. No 9. I don’t know Q41 Have passport SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Do you have a U.S. passport? 1. Yes 2. No 9. I don’t know Q41A SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Passport expired If Q39==1 Is your passport expired? 1. Yes 2. No 9. I don’t know 470 Q41B SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Passport legal name If Q39==1 Is the name on your passport the same name you are registered to vote under? 1. Yes 2. No 9. I don’t know Q42 Birth certificate SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Do you have an official copy of your birth certificate that you can easily locate? 1. Yes 2. No 9. I don’t know 471 Q43A-Q43M MULTIPLE CHOICE Other ID The following is a list of ID cards that people sometimes have. Please indicate which of the following you have personally, and whether it has a picture. (Check all that apply.) Rows Q43A Q43B A public assistance ID card issued by $inputstate A military ID card Q43C Q43D Q43E Q43F Q43G Q43H Q43I Q43J An ID card issued by a state or local government outside of $inputstate An ID card from a Native American tribe An ID card from a private college or university within $inputstate An ID card from a private college or university outside of $inputstate An ID card from a state college or university within $inputstate An ID card from a state college or university outside of $inputstate A license to carry a firearm issued by $inputstate A voter registration card issued by $inputstate Q43K An ID card issued by an agency or department of the federal government that you have not already indicated An ID card issued by an agency or department of the state of $inputstate that you have not already indicated An ID card issued by an agency of a local government in $inputstate that you have not already indicated Q43L Q43M Columns 1. I have this ID with a picture 2. I have this ID without a picture 3. I don’t have this ID at all 472 Attitudes toward Election Reform Q44A–Q44K GRID Reform proposals Please rotate the row items Do you support or oppose any of the following proposals for new ways of voting or conducting elections? Rows: Q44A Q44B Q44C Q44D Q44E Q44F Q44G Q44H Q44I Q44J Q44K Columns: 1 2 3 4 Allow absentee voting over the Internet Voting using cell phones Run all elections by mail Automatically register all citizens over 18 to vote Allow people to register on Election Day at the polls Require all people to show government issued photo ID when they vote Require electronic voting machines to print a paper backup of the ballot Move Election Day to a weekend Make Election Day a national holiday Only select election officials on a non-partisan basis Make it so that when a registered voter moves, he or she is automatically registered to vote at the new home Support strongly Support somewhat Oppose somewhat Oppose strongly 473 Demographic Information Q45 Disability SINGLE CHOICE, SOFT REQUIRED Does a health problem, disability, or handicap CURRENTLY keep you from participating fully in work, school, housework, or other activities? 1. Yes 2. No Age Income Education Party identification Ideology Years in current residence Race County of residence ZIP code of residence