Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 1 of 129 r usnc ~DNY DOCUMENT ELECTRONICALLY FILED UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK DOC#: ----------------------------------------------------------)( DATE FILED: _........,.~~----#-- THE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY and CHARLIE SAVAGE, DECISION & ORDER Plaintiffs, - against - 16 Civ. 6120 (RMB) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Defendant. ----------------------------------------------------------)( I. Background This Decision & Order resolves the summary judgment motion, dated March 27, 2017, of the United States Department of Justice ("DOJ''), and the summary judgment motion, dated April 24, 2017, of The New York Times Company ("N.Y. Times") and Charlie Savage, a New York Times Reporter ("Savage," and collectively, "Plaintiffs"). The cross-motions concern Plaintiffs' request under the Freedom of Information Act ("FOIA"), 5 U.S.C. § 552, for the written threat assessments of Guantanamo Bay detainees ("threat assessments"). The threat assessments were prepared by a task force appointed in 2009 ("Task Force") "to review each remaining [Guantanamo Bay] prisoner" (Complaint, filed Aug. 2, 2016, ii 10). 1 1 DOJ has submitted a memorandum, filed March 27, 2017, in support of its motion ("DOJ Br."), and a reply memorandum, filed May 1, 2017, in further support of DOJ' s motion and in opposition to Plaintiffs' motion ("DOJ Reply"). DOJ has also submitted a total of eight written Declarations from the following individuals: Courtney J. O'Keefe, Attorney-Advisor in the Office oflnformation Policy, United States Department of Justice, dated March 27, 2017 ("O'Keefe Deel."); David M. Hardy, Section Chief, Record/Information Dissemination Section, Records Management Division, Federal Bureau oflnvestigation, dated March 27, 2017 ("Hardy Deel."); Michael G. Seidel, Assistant Section Chief, Record/Information Dissemination Section, Records Management Division, Federal Bureau oflnvestigation, dated May 1, 2017 ("Seidel Deel."); Mark W. Ewing, Chief Management Officer, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, dated March 24, 2017 1 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 2 of 129 On January 27, 2009, then-President Barack Obama issued Executive Order 13492 ("Executive Order") which directed "the executive branch [to] undertake a prompt and thorough review of the factual and legal bases for the continued detention of all individuals currently held at Guantanamo, and of whether their continued detention is in the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States and in the interests of justice." Exec. Order 13492, 74 Fed. Reg. 4897, 4898 (Jan. 27, 2009). The Executive Order called for a "comprehensive interagency review" and appointed as Review Participants the U.S. Attorney General, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Director of National Intelligence, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ("Review Participants"). Id. "To implement the Order, the Attorney General established the Guantanamo Review Task Force and a senior-level Review Panel. The Task Force was responsible for assembling and examining relevant information pertaining to the Guantanamo detainees and making ("Ewing Deel."); Eric F. Stein, Director of the Office oflnformation Programs and Services, United States Department of State, dated March 27, 2017 ("Stein Deel."); Department of Defense, with the declarant's name and biographic information redacted pursuant to 10 U.S.C. § 424(a)(2), dated March 27, 2017 ("DOD Declaration"); and Robert C. Moscati, Deputy Chief Prosecutor, Office of the Chief Prosecutor, Office of Military Commissions, dated March 27, 2017 ("Moscati Deel."). DOJ has also submitted ex parte and in camera a (second) Declaration from Hardy, dated March 27, 2017, and an unredacted version of the DOD Declaration. DOJ has also submitted a Vaughn Index, attached hereto as Attachment A. "A Vaughn index typically lists the titles and descriptions of the responsive documents that the Government contends are exempt from disclosure .... The titles and descriptions of documents listed ... usually facilitate the task of asserting and adjudicating the requester's challenges to the Government's claims of exemption." N.Y. Times Co. v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 758 F.3d 436, 438-39 (2d Cir. 2014). Plaintiffs has submitted a memorandum, filed April 24, 2017, in opposition to DOJ's motion and in support of Plaintiffs motion ("Opp."); and a reply memorandum, filed May 8, 2017, in opposition to DOJ's motion and in support of Plaintiffs motion ("Pis.' Reply"). Plaintiffs have also submitted the Declaration of David E. McCraw, Vice President and Deputy General Counsel, The New York Times Company, dated April 24, 2017 ("McCraw Deel."). 2 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 3 of 129 recommendations on their proper dispositions. The Review Panel, consisting of officials with delegated authority from their respective agencies to decide the disposition of each detainee, reviewed the Task Force's recommendations and made disposition decisions on a rolling basis. Where the Review Panel did not reach consensus, or where higher-level review was appropriate, the Review Participants enumerated in the Executive Order determined the proper disposition of the detainee." (O'Keefe Deel., dated Mar. 27, 2017, if 12.) As part of its work, "the Task Force prepared recommendation memoranda assessing a variety of factors for evaluation by the Review Panel." (Id. if 14.) The recommendation memoranda created by the Task Force contained "evaluation[s] of the threat to the national security of the United States posed by an individual detainee. These threat assessments were based upon specific pieces of evidence that Task Force members selected from the larger pool of information that had been compiled for each detainee. This evidence frequently consisted of intelligence reporting or law enforcement information related to a particular detainee. The [threat] assessments included candid evaluations of the reliability and credibility of each particular piece of evidence .... " (Id. if 15.) "[NJ either the Review Panel nor the Review Participants ever adopted the findings or the recommendations of the Task Force as the final disposition determination; indeed, in some instances, the final disposition determination for a particular detainee differed from the recommendation contained in the Task Force's memorandum." (Id. if 16 (emphasis added).) "The final disposition determinations of the interagency review were memorialized in the Guantanamo Review Dispositions chart [("GRD")], which is dated January 22, 2010." (Id. if 17; id., Ex. G.) The GRD was publicly released in redacted form by the Office of the Director ofNational Intelligence ("ODNI") on March 31, 2016 and is attached hereto as Attachment B. 3 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 4 of 129 (Isl) The GRD indicates whether the 240 Guantanamo detainees were to be "released, transferred, prosecuted, or detained." (Id.) The GRD did not make specific reference to the threat assessments. (See O'Keefe Deel., Ex. G.) On June 13, 2016, Savage, on behalf of The New York Times, submitted to DOJ and to ODNI, Freedom of Information Act requests to obtain and review the threat assessments. (O'Keefe Deel., Ex. A.) Savage's FOIA requests sought to obtain "the threat assessments of Guantanamo detainees produced by the six-agency executive order task force appointed in 2009 to review each remaining prisoner." (Id.) The FOIA deadlines passed with no response from DOJ or ODNI (Opp. at 9.) On August 2, 2016, Plaintiffs filed the instant complaint requesting that this Court order DOJ and ODNI to produce the threat assessments.2 On October 25, 2016, the Court directed DOJ to "complete [its] 'classification review"' of the threat assessments by February 27, 2017. 3 And, on February 27, 2017, DOJ wrote to Plaintiffs' counsel advising that DOJ had determined "that all of th[e] material should be withheld in full pursuant [to] Exemption 5 of the FOIA," and that portions of the material should be withheld pursuant to Exemptions 1, 7(B), 7(D), and 7(E) of the FOIA. (O'Keefe Deel., Ex. C at 1.)4 As noted at footnote 1 supra, DOJ has submitted eight Declarations in support of its invocation of the Exemptions, as follows: 2 On February 27, 2017, the Court "so-ordered" the parties' stipulation dismissing ODNI as a defendant, leaving DOJ as the sole defendant. 3 According to DOJ, a "classification review" occurs when the relevant agency or agencies "[r]eview[] and process[] ... records to determine ... the extent to which FOIA Exemption [l] applies to them." (Letter to Judge Richard M. Berman from AUSA Christopher Connolly, dated Oct. 18, 2017, at 1.) 4 For a description of these Exemptions, see Attachment C hereto. 4 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 5 of 129 • The 0 'Keefe Declaration states that "the threat assessments are protected in full by the deliberative process privilege encompassed by Exemption 5 of the FOIA." (O'Keefe Deel. if 28.) "DOJ has determined that the threat assessments are protected by the deliberative process privilege because they consist of the Task Force's internal recommendations to the Review Panel of senior-level officials who comprised the ultimate decision-makers for the Task Force's disposition determinations regarding each detainee. The Task Force prepared the threat assessments to succinctly summarize significant issues and present key background information regarding the potential national security threat of individual detainees in a concise format for ease of presentation and review for the Review Panel." (Id. if 26.) O'Keefe also states, "I am not aware of any ... public statement by the Review Panel, nor the Review Participants, adopting the conclusions or rationale of any of the threat assessments." (Id. if 28.) Assuming, arguendo, that the Court were to reject DOJ's invocation of Exemption 5, O'Keefe also states that "pmtions of the threat assessments ... are ... protected under Exemption l." (Id. if 30.) In particular, Exemption 1 applies to "[c]ertain threat assessments [that] contain ... information that is currently and properly classified." (Id.) • The Hardy Declaration was submitted "to provide the Court and [P]laintiffs with the FBI's justification for withholding its equities within the records pursuant to FOIA Exemptions 1, ... 7(B), ... (7)(D), and (7)(E)." (Hardy Deel. if 4.) As to Exemption 1, Hardy states that "[t]he unauthorized disclosure of information concerning foreign relations or foreign activities of the United States can reasonably be expected to ... identify the target, scope, or time frame of intelligence activities of the United States in or about a foreign country, which may result in the curtailment or cessation of these activities; enable hostile entities to assess United States intelligence gathering activities in or about a foreign country and devise countermeasures against these activities; or compromise cooperative foreign sources, which may jeopardize their safety and curtail the flow of information from these sources." (Id. if 27.) As to Exemption 7(B), Hardy states that "[p]remature release of the recommendations provided in the threat assessments through the FOIA, could unfairly impact ongoing or prospective proceedings and jeopardize the detainee's ability to receive a fair and impartial adjudication." M if 38.) As to Exemption 7(D), Hardy states that the threat assessments contain "information regarding individual sources who are ... informants under an express grant of confidentiality." (Id. if 54.) As to Exemption 7(E), Hardy states that "database search results" are protected from disclosure because "[d]isclosure of the printouts or information compiled from these search results, or even the selection of a certain database over another for a particular type of information and its relative usefulness, could enable criminals to employ countermeasures to avoid detection, thus jeopardizing the FBI's investigative mission." (Id. if 64.) 5 • The Stein Declaration explains why Exemption 1 applies to portions of one of the threat assessments. (Stein Deel. if 8.) Stein states that the portions in question 5 The Court has also reviewed carefully in camera Hardy's second Declaration which was submitted ex parte in further support of the FBI's invocation of Exemptions 1 and 7(E). 5 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 6 of 129 "require[] classification at the SECRET level because [their] unauthorized disclosure reasonably could be expected to cause serious damage to the national security." (Id. if 14.) In particular, these "[p]ortions ... are being withheld pursuant to Exemption 1 because they contain information relating to foreign govermnent information." (Id. if 17 .) "[P]rotecting foreign govermnent info1mation, and in some cases even the fact that information has been provided, is important to our relationship and conduct of foreign relations." (Id.) • The DOD Declaration asserts that Exemption 1 applies to portions of the threat assessments because these portions contain DOD information that is properly classified. (DOD Deel. if 5.) DOD "withheld certain inf01mation in the threat assessments under Exemption 1 because it consists of information that is related to foreign relations or the foreign activities of the United States, and may include confidential sources." (Id. if 20.) "The United States govermnent goes to great lengths to maintain effective foreign relations and even greater lengths to protect and maintain its sources' confidentiality because it is an integral part of successful foreign relations policy." (Id. if 21.) "If [DOD] were to disclose this information [in the portions protected by Exemption l], it would have a chilling effect on current U.S. foreign relations, and any future relations, inasmuch as potential associations might be precluded for fear of exposure, especially with confidential sources." (Id.) • The Seidel Declaration was submitted "to further explain and, where necessary, clarify the FBI's application ofFOIA Exemptions 7(B), 7(D), and 7(E), to portions of certain records responsive to plaintiffs' FOIA request." (Seidel Deel. if 3.) As to Exemption 7(B), Seidel states that "it is more probable than not that disclosure of the information withheld pursuant to Exemption 7(B) would seriously interfere with the impartiality of those ongoing proceedings." (Id. if 6.) As to Exemption 7(D), Seidel states that "the protection of these types of confidential source inf01mation is necessary both to protect the sources themselves from potential reprisal, and to ensure that the FBI may continue to access vital information through the continued use of confidential sources." (Id. if 7.) Seidel also states that "[t]he FBI maintains 'source files' for informants who are granted express confidentiality. Each source file memorializes the FBI's confidentiality agreement with the source .... "(Id. if 9.) As to Exemption 7(E), Seidel states that "specific details concerning the databases queried in connection with ... FBI counterterrorism activities discussed in the responsive records, the number of databases searched, the combinations of databases searched for certain individuals, the information retrieved from those searches, and the ways in which the FBI utilizes th[ e] information it obtains from such searches would all reveal unknown law enforcement techniques." (Isl if 15.) • The Ewing Declaration explains why Exemption 1 applies to portions of the threat assessments. (Ewing Deel. if 11.) "[P]ublic[ly] revealing whether responsive records concerning a particular detainee contain or do not contain information ... implicat[ing] the foreign relations or foreign activities of the United States, could itself be reasonably expected to cause serious damage to the national security." (Isl if 21.) "The public disclosure that particular intelligence information relating to a particular detainee was gathered (or not gathered) by certain members of the 6 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 7 of 129 Intelligence Community through certain means ... would indicate to the public and to foreign intelligence agencies how the Intelligence Community is allocating its resources and would provide targets of intelligence collection and foreign intelligence agencies with information on how best to anay their counterintelligence resources." (Id.~ 21.) "[T]his information remains currently and properly classified .... "(Id. ~ 22.) • The Moscati Declaration advises that the threat assessments "were compiled, in part, for a law enforcement purpose and readily meet the threshold requirement of Exemption 7." (Moscati Deel.~ 5.) "Law enforcement proceedings for several detainees are ongoing." (Id.~ 6.) "[S)ome detainees, regardless of whether they might be prosecuted in either an Article III court or a military commission, potentially have value as witnesses in other cases. Release of the information contained in the threat assessments, which may include candid assessments of potential evidentiary weaknesses or other concerns with the viability or feasibility of the potential prosecution of a particular detainee, could either impair the prosecution's case against certain detainees, or might adversely affect the fairness of ongoing or future criminal proceedings. Accordingly, certain information in some of the threat assessments has been withheld ... to prevent this type of harm." (Id.) On August 1, 2017, the Court directed DOJ to produce the threat assessments for ex parte in camera review. (Order, filed Aug. 1, 2017, at 1.) On August 9, 2017, DOJ submitted 209 threat assessments for Court review. (See Letter to Judge Richard M. Berman from AUSA Christopher Connolly, dated Aug. 9, 2017, at 1.) On August 14, 2017, DOJ submitted 8 additional threat assessments for Court review. And, on September 6, 2017, DOJ submitted the remaining (22) threat assessments. (See Letter to Judge Richard M. Berman from AUSA Christopher Connolly, dated Sept. 6, 2017, at 1.) The Court has carefully reviewed all 239 threat assessments in camera in the course of preparing this Decision & Order. 6 On March 27, 2017, DOJ filed its motion for summary judgment, arguing, among other things, that: (1) all of the threat assessments "fall squarely within the deliberative process 6 One additional detainee (i.e. the 2401h detainee) appears to have been approved for transfer prior to the issuance of Executive Order 13492 and was, in fact, transfened to the United Kingdom. (See GRD at 3.) There was no threat assessment for this individual presented to the Court. 7 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 8 of 129 privilege" codified in Exemption 5 in that "they are predecisional, deliberative documents that reflect the opinions and recommendations of the Task Force, and were created in order to assist the Review Panel and Review Participants in making final disposition decisions" (DOJ Br. at 8); (2) portions of the threat assessments should be withheld also because they contain "matters that ... are specifically authorized ... to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or foreign policy" as codified in Exemption 1 (ill, at 14, 17-18); (3) portions of the threat assessments should be withheld also under Exemption 7(B) because "disclosure ... would deprive a person of a right to a fair trial or an impartial adjudication." (Id. at 23.) "[D]etainees for whom law enforcement proceedings are ongoing" would have knowledge of types of information that may not already be available through the court proceedings (Seidel Deel. if 5); (4) portions of the threat assessments should be withheld also under Exemption 7(D) because they contain information which "could reasonably be expected to disclose the identity of a confidential source, including a ... foreign agency or authority ... which furnished information on a confidential basis" (DOJ Br. at 24); and (5) portions of the threat assessments should be withheld also under Exemption 7 (E) because they contain "techniques and procedures for law enforcement investigations or prosecutions" (DOJ Br. at 25). Plaintiffs counter that: (1) with respect to Exemption 5, "even if a document is predecisional and deliberative, the deliberative-process privilege gives way where the agency has 'expressly adopted' the document's conclusions and reasoning or incorporated them by reference" (Opp. at 12); (2) with respect to Exemption 1, some "infonnation within the scope of foreign relations and foreign activities information" can no longer be classified because government press releases announcing particular detainee transfers "have ... described some of the communications between the two countries in order to facilitate the transfer" (id. at 21 ); 8 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 9 of 129 (3) with respect to Exemption 7(B), DOJ's submissions do not show that it is "more probable than not that disclosure of the material sought would seriously interfere with the fairness of ... proceedings" (id. at 22); (4) with respect to Exemption 7(D), DOJ "fails to make the appropriate showing for the names and identifying data for informants that [the FBI] claims to have offered ... express ... assurances of confidentiality" (Opp. at 23-24); and (5) with respect to Exemption 7(E), DOJ's submissions "fall[] far short of showing how disclosure of the responsive records in this case plausibly would reveal something new about [a law enforcement] technique" (id. at 2425). Helpful oral argument on the parties' cross-motions was held on September 18, 2017. (See H'rg Tr., dated Sept. 18, 2017.) For the reasons stated below, DOJ's motion for summary judgment [#23) is granted. Plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment [#32) is denied. 7 II. Legal Standard The Supreme Court has recognized that "the statutory exemptions [to FOIA disclosure] are intended to have meaningful reach and application." John Doe Agency v. John Doe Coro., 493 U.S. 146, 152 (1989). "[T]he burden [is] on the agency to justify the withholding of any requested documents." Associated Press v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 554 F.3d 274, 283 (2d Cir. 2009). 7 Where the "[p]laintiffs have opted not to challenge [the] defendants' claimed assertions of [other] Exemptions" to FOIA disclosure, the plaintiffs have waived any argument that the exemptions were improperly asserted, and the Court grants surmnary judgment to DOJ as to those Exemptions. Nat'! Day Laborer Org. Network v. U.S. l.C.E., 811 F. Supp. 2d 713, 738 (S.D.N.Y. 2011). Specifically, Plaintiffs do not oppose the Government's invocations of Exemptions 3, 6, 7(A), and 7(C) (see Opp. at 20 n.7, 25 n.10), and the Court hereby grants summary judgment to DOJ as to those Exemptions. See id.; N.Y. Legal Assistance Grp., Inc. v. United States Dep't of Educ., 2017 WL 2973976, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. July 12, 2017) ("Surmnary judgment is granted to [the agency] without further discussion on the portions of documents that [the plaintiff! does not challenge."). 9 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 10 of 129 The applicability of a FOIA Exemption must be "prove[n] by a preponderance of the evidence." Nadler v. F.D.I.C., 899 F. Supp. 158, 160 (S.D.N.Y. 1995), affd, 92 F.3d 93 (2d Cir. 1996). "Affidavits or declarations ... giving reasonably detailed explanations why any withheld documents fall within an exemption are sufficient to sustain the agency's burden. The affidavits submitted by an agency are accorded a presumption of good faith." Wilner v. Nat'l Sec. Agency, 592 F.3d 60, 69 (2d Cir. 2009) (citation, brackets, and internal quotation marks omitted). The deliberative process privilege (Exemption 5) "covers documents reflecting advisory opinions, recommendations and deliberations comprising part of a process by which governmental decisions and policies are formulated." Tigue v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 312 F.3d 70, 81 (2d Cir. 2002) (internal quotation marks omitted). "[I]ts object is to enhance the quality of agency decisions, by protecting open and frank discussion among those who make them within the Government." Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). "[P]roduction of ostensibly predecisional material may be compelled where an agency chooses expressly to adopt or incorporate by reference an intra-agency memorandum previously covered by Exemption 5 .... "Id. at 80-81 (internal quotation marks omitted). "Mere reliance on a document's conclusions does not necessarily involve reliance on a document's analysis; both will ordinarily be needed before a court may properly find adoption or incorporation by reference." Wood v. F.B.I., 432 F.3d 78, 84 (2d Cir. 2005). Where "[t]here is no evidence in the record from which it could be inferred that [the agency] adopted the reasoning of the [predecisional document], ... this failure is fatal." Id. "[M]inor references to [a privileged document] cannot be said to be an express adoption or incorporation." Tigue, 312 F.3d at 81. 10 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 11 of 129 Where a letter or statement "was not written [or spoken] by a decisionmaker ... [it] could not have served as a basis for express adoption or incorporation by reference." Brennan Ctr. for Justice at N.Y. Univ. School of Law v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 697 F.3d 184, 206 (2d Cir. 2012). FOIA requires disclosure of "purely factual material appearing in [privileged] documents in a form that is severable without compromising the private remainder of the documents." EPA v. Mink, 410 U.S. 73, 91 (1973). But, "[i]fthe factual materials are inextricably inte1twined with policy making recommendations so that their disclosure would compromise the confidentiality of deliberative information that is entitled to protection under Exemption 5, the factual materials themselves fall within the exemption." Lead Indus. Ass'n, Inc. v. Occupational Safety & Health Admin., 610 F.2d 70, 85 (2d Cir. 1979) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Exemption 1 ofFOIA "is specifically designed to allow government agencies to withhold information that might jeopardize our national security." Milner v. Dep't of Navy, 562 U.S. 562, 580 (2011) (internal quotation marks omitted). "Information is properly classified ... if unauthorized disclosure of the information reasonably could be expected to result in ... harm to the national defense or foreign relations of the United States." Intellectual Prop. Watch v. United States Trade Representative, 205 F. Supp. 3d 334, 353 (S.D.N.Y. 2016) (internal quotation marks omitted). To establish "official disclosure" of classified information, the "plaintiff bears the burden of showing specific information in the public domain that duplicates [or matches] the information withheld." Hudson River Sloop Clearwater, Inc. v. Dep't ofNayy, 891F.2d414, 421 (2d Cir. 1989). To withstand a challenge to the applicability of Exemption (7)(B), "the government bears the burden of showing: (1) that a trial or adjudication is pending or truly imminent; and (2) that it is more probable than not that disclosure of the material sought would seriously interfere with 11 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 12 of 129 the fairness of those proceedings." Wash. Post Co. v. Dep't of Justice, 863 F.2d 96, 102 (D.C. Cir. 1988). "FOIA Exemption 7(D) protects information compiled for law enforcement purposes where disclosure could reasonably be expected to disclose the identity of a confidential source." Adamowicz v. I.RS., 402 F. App'x 648, 653 (2d Cir. 2010). "Exemption 7(E) provides categorical protection for [law enforcement] techniques and procedures without need for demonstration of harm .... "Allard K. Lowenstein Int'! Human Rights Project v. Dep't of Homeland Sec., 626 F.3d 678, 681 (2d Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). III. Analysis 8 Exemption 5 DOJ argues persuasively (and shows by a preponderance of the evidence) that all of the threat assessments "fall squarely within the deliberative process privilege." (DOJ Br. at 8.) That is, the threat assessments are clearly "predecisional, deliberative documents that reflect the opinions and recommendations of the Task Force, and were created in order to assist the Review Panel and Review Participants in making final disposition decisions." (Id.) Plaintiffs cannot, according to DOJ, demonstrate "express adoption" or "incorporation by reference" through the various government public statements they cite because "the vast majority of the statements [P]laintiffs cite were not made by decision-makers, but rather by advisors." And, even ifthe statement(s) were made by decision-makers, a "statement by a decision-maker that explicitly 8 The Court addresses Exemption 5 first because the parties' briefs address Exemption 5 first (see DOJ Br.. at 8; Opp. at 11), and also because DOJ has invoked Exemption 5 with regard to all of the threat assessments (in their entirety) (see O'Keefe Deel., Ex.Cat 1). DOJ has invoked other Exemptions to defend against disclosure of portions of some of the threat assessments. (See id.) 12 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 13 of 129 approve[ s] the recommendation of a subordinate, without any reference to the reasoning of that recommendation, d[oes] not qualify as express adoption." (DOJ Reply at 3-4.) DOJ also argues that any factual material the threat assessments may contain is "inextricably intertwined with deliberative material such that it cannot reasonably be segregated." (Id. at 15.) Plaintiffs counter (unpersuasively) that government officials' "references to the reasoning and conclusions of the [t]hreat [a]ssessments [we]re no vaguer or more perfunctory than those the Second Circuit has found sufficient to demonstrate express adoption." (Pis.' Reply at 5 (citing Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 204.) The deliberative-process privilege gives way where "the agency has 'expressly adopted' the document's conclusions and reasoning" (Opp. at 12) in public statements issued by officials who were "tasked with articulating and defending the [Obama] Administration's detainee policy" (Pis.' Reply at 3). Plaintiffs cite to letters, press releases, and Congressional testimony of government officials, who, they aver, "were exactly the officials tasked with articulating and defending the Administration's detainee policy." (Id. at 3, 5-8.) 9 Plaintiffs also argue that "DOJ has not demonstrated that the [t]hreat [a]ssessments consist entirely of 'deliberative' material and must segregate and release the factual portions." (Opp. at 12.) Predecisional and Deliberative The Court finds that the threat assessments are "predecisional and deliberative." See Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 194. "An inter- or intra-agency document may be withheld pursuant to the deliberative process privilege ... if it is: (1) predecisional, i.e., prepared in order to assist an 9 The parties disagree regarding who is a decisionmaker. (See H'rg Tr., dated Sept. 18, 2017, at 2-13.) Plaintiffs argue that a speaker is a decisionmaker if the speaker "ha[s] the hallmarks of being authorized ... to make the statement that he or she makes." (Id. at 11:15-24.) DOJ argues that a decisionmaker is "either [a] review participant[] or [a] review panel member[.]" (Id. at 5:23-24.) 13 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 14 of 129 agency decisionmaker in arriving at his decision, and (2) deliberative, i.e., actually related to the process by which policies are formulated." Id. (ellipsis and internal quotation marks omitted). The applicability of the deliberative process privilege has been proven by a preponderance of the evidence. See Nadler, 899 F. Supp. at 160. The threat assessments were created for the express purpose of advising and assisting the Review Panel "in carrying out their responsibilities under the [Executive] Order, and were drafted antecedent to any final decisions being made." (O'Keefe Deel. if 23; see also Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 202 (where document "was generated before the adoption of an agency policy" and "the preparer was not the final decisionmaker"); Tigue, 312 F.3d at 80 (document was predecisional where it "was specifically prepared for use ... in advising the [agency] on its future policy"); Grand Cent. P'ship. Inc. v. Cuomo, 166 F.3d 473, 483 (2d Cir. 1999) (document "was predecisional in that it was prepared in order to assist an agency decision maker in arriving at his or her decision").) The threat assessments are "deliberative" because they are related to the formulation of policy, i.e. they "includ[e] express advice and recommendations regarding the proper disposition determination for each detainee." (O'Keefe Deel. if 25.) They also include "the Task Force's determination of which evidence related to a particular detainee was germane to that detainee's potential threat to the United States, and the Task Force's qualitative assessment of the credibility and reliability of those selected pieces of evidence." (Id.) The Court's careful in camera review of all of the threat assessments confirmed the description in O'Keefe's Declaration, namely that each threat assessment "includ[es] express advice and recommendations." (Id.) "[T]he Task Force's determination of which evidence related to a particular detainee was ge1mane to that detainee's potential threat to the United 14 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 15 of 129 States, and the Task Force's qualitative assessment of the credibility and reliability of those selected pieces of evidence." (Id.; see also Grand Cent., 166 F.3d at 483 ("Through its in camera review of Document 4, the district court .... concluded that Document 4 was deliberative in that it actually related to [the agency's] policy formulation processes."); Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 202 (memorandum was deliberative where "[agency] officials asked the OLC [the Office of Legal Counsel] for advice on the ... propriety of [a proposed agency course of action]"); Robert v. Dep't of Health & Human Servs., 217 F. App'x 50, 51 (2d Cir. 2007) (document was deliberative where it contained "recommendations and deliberations comprising part of a process by which governmental policies [we]re formulated").) Express Adoption and Incorporation by Reference 10 Plaintiffs' principal argument is that "senior government officials have relied repeatedly and publicly on the strength of the reasoning and conclusions of the [t]hreat [a]ssessments to defend the Obama Administration's detainee policy." (Opp. at 13.) Therefore, "the government expressly adopted the [t]hreat [a]ssessments." (Id. at 14.) DOJ counters that "the vast majority of Although DOJ and Plaintiffs each focus their arguments on "adoption" (as opposed to "incorporation by reference") (see DOJ Reply at 2-3; Opp. at 13-14), the parties agreed at oral argument that there is no "meaningful difference" between those terms in the context of Exemption 5 (see H'rg Tr., dated Sept. 18, 2017, at 28:20-29:5 ("THE COURT: [I]s there any meaningful difference between 'adoption' and 'incorporation by reference'? The cases seems to use them sort of interchangeably .... [PLAINTIFFS' COUNSEL]: I agree they mean the same thing. THE COURT: You as well[?] [DOJ'S COUNSEL]: Yes .... ")). Second Circuit case law often analyzes the two phrases as if they were interchangeable. See, e.g., Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 204 ("We conclude that these references taken together establish express adoption or incorporation by reference."); Robert v. Dep't of Health & Human Servs., 217 F. App'x 50, 52 (2d Cir. 2007) ("There is ... no evidence in the record that [the agencyJ expressly adopted or incorporated by reference either of the two undisclosed documents."); Nat'! Council of La Raza v. Dep't of Justice, 411F.3d350, 358 (2d Cir. 2005) ("Mere reliance on a document's conclusions does not necessarily involve reliance on a document's analysis; both will ordinarily be needed before a court may properly find adoption or incorporation by reference." (emphasis added)). IO 15 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 16 of 129 the statements [P]laintiffs cite were not made by decision-makers, but rather by advisors," and that a statement (even by a decision-maker) "that explicitly approve[ s] the recommendation of a subordinate, without any reference to the reasoning of that recommendation, d[oes] not qualify as express adoption." (DOJ Reply at 3-4.) The Court finds that the following nine statements cited by Plaintiffs (taken together or taken individually) do not adopt or incorporate by reference one or more of the threat assessments, see Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 206; Nat'l Council of La Raza v. Dep't of Justice, 411 F.3d 350, 359 (2d Cir. 2005); Tigue v. U.S. Dep 't of Justice, 312 F .3d 70, 81 (2d Cir. 2002).11 Plaintiffs have not met their burden of proof. See supra at pp. 13-14. 1. The February 1, 2010 letter from John 0. Brennan, Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism, to Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of the House of Representatives. (McCraw Deel., dated Apr. 24, 2017, Ex. 9.) This Letter was written on White House letterhead @), and stated in relevant part, Every decision to transfer a detainee to a foreign country during this Administration has been made unanimously by all agencies [i.e. the Review Panel or Review Participants] involved with the review process after a full assessment of intelligence and threat information. This includes the Department of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, as well as the Departments of State, Justice, and Homeland Security. . . . During [a] briefing on January 13, [2010,] [United States] Representative [Frank] Wolf [(of Virginia's 101h congressional district)] made allegations that one detainee repatriated to Yemen had been involved in weapons of mass destruction. As it has done in every case, the task force thoroughly reviewed all information available to the government about this individual and concluded that there is no basis for the assertions Representative Wolf made .... 11 The Court assumes, arguendo, but without deciding, that the nine statements were issued by "decisionmakers" who had the authority to adopt or incorporate by reference the threat assessments. As discussed at footnote 9 supra and at pp. 32-33 infra, the parties in this case disagree about which speakers were decisionmakers and which speakers had the requisite authority to adopt or incorporate by reference the threat assessments. 16 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 17 of 129 (IQ, at 2.) Representative Wolfs concern appears to have been whether the detainee in question "had been involved in weapons of mass destruction" presumably because "the DOD believed [the detainee] to be closely connected to al Qaeda's anthrax program." (McCraw Deel., dated Apr. 24, 2017, Ex. 8 at E1332.) DOJ argues that Brennan's letter did not adopt the detainee's threat assessment because "Brennan did not identify any of the other facts or analysis that might well have been discussed in the Task Force's threat assessment, nor did he [Brennan] explain the final decision-makers' rationale for transferring the detainee to Yemen." (DOJ Reply at 10.)12 Plaintiffs say that Brennan's "whole letter" (see H'rg. Tr., dated Sept. 18, 2017, at 22: 18) adopted the threat assessment because it was made "in direct response to criticism of the Obama Administration's detainee policy in order to justify and defend it," and Brennan's "references to the reasoning and conclusion[] of the [t]hreat [a]ssessment[] [was] no vaguer or more perfunctory than those the Second Circuit has found sufficient to demonstrate express adoption." (Pis.' Reply at 4-5 (citing Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 204).) Plaintiffs were unable at oral argument to point to any specific portion of the Brennan Letter which adopted the threat assessments or incorporated them by reference. (See H'rg Tr., dated Sept. 18, 2017, at 18-20.) 12 DOJ contends that Brennan was not a decisionmaker in this matter because he was not a member of the Review Panel nor was he a Review Participant. (See H'rg Tr., dated Sept. 18, 2017, at 4:22-24 ("THE COURT: [Y]ou're saying John Brennan is not a decision maker? [DOJ'S COUNSEL]: He was not a decision maker for purposes of the interagency review.").) Plaintiffs counter that Brennan's "statements serve as evidence of the government's position on the matter." (Id. at 9:4-5.) As noted, the Court assumes, without deciding, that Brennan was a decisionmaker for purposes of discussing his letter. 17 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 18 of 129 The Comt finds that Brennan's letter did no more than confirm and describe the processes laid out in Executive Order 13492. See 74 Fed. Reg. at 4898-99. The Executive Order stated that "the executive branch [would] conduct a prompt and thorough review of the circmnstances of the individuals currently detained at Guantanamo," and "determine ... whether it [wa]s possible to transfer or release the individuals consistent with the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States." Id. Moreover, Brennan's letter makes no mention of the Task Force reasoning or analysis. See Wood, 432 F.3d at 84. The Letter's reference to "the task force" or to "threat information" cannot be said to be an express adoption or incorporation of the threat assessments. See Tigue, 312 F.3d at 81. And, Brennan's description of the process makes clear that the Review Panel-not the Task Force-made the decision to transfer detainees. (See McCraw Deel., dated Apr. 24, 2017, Ex. 9 at 2.) Brennan confirms that the decision to transfer was consistent with the Task Force work-which does not amount to adoption. See Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 206 ("Nor does the fact that the agencies acted in conformity with the [privileged documents] establish that the agencies adopted their reasoning."). The Court, following its in camera review, confirms that the threat assessment in question contains no reference to antlu·ax, an anthrax program, or to weapons of mass destruction. 2. The June 11, 2009, DOJ press release ("June 11, 2009, Press Release") announcing the resettlement of four Uighur Guantanamo detainees to Bermuda. (Mccraw Deel., Ex. 10.) This press release stated in relevant part, The detainees were . . . cleared for release this year after review by the interagency Guantanamo Review Task Force. As directed by the President's 18 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 19 of 129 Januaiy 22, 2009, Executive Order, the interagency Guantanaino Review Task Force conducted a comprehensive review of the four, including a threat evaluation, and approved them for resettlement. (Id.) DOJ argues that the June 11, 2009, Press Release "simply provide[s] a thumbnail sketch of the process by which the transfer decisions were made." (DOJ Reply at 10-11.) DOJ also argues that the press release "do[ es] not establish that the final decision-makers adopted the analysis and conclusions contained in each detainee's threat assessment." (Id. at 11.) Plaintiffs respond that the June 11, 2009, Press Release states that "the Justice Department relied on the [t]hreat [a]ssessments as justification" for the decision to release the detainees. (Opp. at 6.) The Court finds that the June 11, 2009, Press Release did no more than confirm and describe the process laid out in Executive Order 13492 which stated that "the executive branch [would] conduct a prompt and thorough review of the circumstances of the individuals currently detained at Guantanamo," and "determine ... whether it [wa]s possible to transfer or release the individuals consistent with the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States." 74 Fed. Reg. at 4898-99, The press release makes no mention of the Task Force reasoning or analysis, refe1Ting only to its "comprehensive review of the four [detainees], including a threat evaluation." See Wood, 432 F.3d at 84. "Mere reliance on a document's conclusions does not necessarily involve reliance on a document's analysis; both will ordinarily be needed before a court may properly find adoption or incorporation by reference." Id. The press release's passing reference to "threat evaluation" does not adopt or incorporate by reference the threat 19 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 20 of 129 assessments because "minor references to [a privileged document] cannot be said to be an express adoption or incorporation." Tigue, 312 F.3d at 81. 3. The December 20, 2009, DOJ press release ("December 20, 2009, Press Release") announcing the transfer of 12 detainees. This press release advised that 4 detainees were transferred to Afghanistan; 2 detainees were transferred to Somaliland; and 6 detainees were transferred to Yemen. (McCraw Deel., Ex. 11.) It also stated in relevant part, As directed by the President's Jan. 22, 2009 Executive Order, the interagency Guantanamo Review Task Force conducted a comprehensive review of each of these cases. As a result of that review, which examined a number of factors, including potential threat, mitigation measures and the likelihood of success in habeas litigation, the detainees were approved [by the Review Panel] for transfer. DOJ argues that the December 20, 2009, Press Release "simply provide[s] a thumbnail sketch of the process by which the transfer decisions were made." (DOJ Reply at 10-11.) DOJ also argues that the press release "do[es] not establish that the final decision-makers adopted the analysis and conclusions contained in each detainee's threat assessment." (Id. at 11.) Plaintiffs respond that in the December 20, 2009, Press Release "the Justice Departruent relied on the [t]hreat [a]ssessments as justification" for the decision to transfer the detainees. (Opp. at 6.) The Court finds that the December 20, 2009, Press Release confirmed and described the process outlined in Executive Order 13492, i.e. that "the executive branch [would] conduct a prompt and thorough review of the circumstances of the individuals currently detained at Guantanamo," and "determine ... whether it [wa]s possible to transfer or release the individuals consistent with the national security and foreign policy 20 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 21 of 129 interests of the United States." 74 Fed. Reg. at 4898-99. This press release does not describe or mention the reasoning and analysis upon which the Review Panel relied. See Wood, 432 F.3d at 84. While the press release indicates that the decision to transfer is consistent with the Task Force work, this does not amount to adoption. See Brennan Ctr., 697 F .3d at 206 ("Nor does the fact that the agencies acted in conformity with the [privileged documents] establish that the agencies adopted their reasoning."). Although the press release refers to the Task Force's "comprehensive review" of each detainee's "potential threat," such a "minor reference[] ... cannot be said to be an express adoption or incorporation." See Tigue, 312 F.3d at 81. 4. The January 21, 2010, DOJ press release ("January 21, 2010, Press Release") announcing the transfer to Algeria of2 detainees. (McCraw Deel., Ex. 12.) This press release stated in relevant part, As directed by the President's Jan. 22, 2009 Executive Order, the interagency Guantanamo Review Task Force conducted a comprehensive review of these cases. As a result of that review, which examined a number of factors, including the potential threat posed by each individual and the receiving country's demonstrated capabilities to mitigate potential threats posed by the individuals in their home country, each detainee was approved [by the Review Panel] for transfer. The transfers were approved by unanimous consent among all the agencies involved in the review -including the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, as well as the Departments of Defense, State, Justice and Homeland Security [i.e. the Review Panel]. DOJ argues that the January 21, 2010, Press Release "simply provide[s] a thumbnail sketch of the process by which the transfer decisions were made." (DOJ Reply at 10-11.) DOJ also argues that the press release "do[es] not establish that the final decision-makers adopted the analysis and conclusions contained in each detainee's threat assessment." (!_ch at 11.) 21 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 22 of 129 Plaintiffs respond that in the January 21, 2010, Press Release "the Justice Department relied on the [t]hreat [a]ssessments as justification" for the decision to transfer the detainees. (Opp. at 6.) The Court finds that the January 21, 2010, Press Release confirmed and described the process of review as set fmih in Executive Order 13492, namely that "the executive branch [would] conduct a prompt and thorough review of the circumstances of the individuals currently detained at Guantanamo," and "determine ... whether it [wa]s possible to transfer or release the individuals consistent with the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States." 74 Fed. Reg. at 4898-99. The press release does not describe or mention any analysis or reasoning in the threat assessments upon which the Review Panel relied. See Wood, 432 F.3d at 84. And, the press release's description of the process makes clear that the Review Panel-not the Task Force-made the decisions to transfer detainees. (See McCraw Deel., Ex. 12.) The press release indicates that the decision to transfer is consistent with the Task Force work but this does not amount to adoption. See Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 206 ("Nor does the fact that the agencies acted in conformity with the [privileged documents] establish that the agencies adopted their reasoning."). And, although the press release refers to the Task Force's "comprehensive review" of each detainee's "potential threat," "minor references to [privileged documents] cannot be said to be an express adoption or incorporation." See Tigue, 312 F.3d at 81. 5. The testimony of Lee Wolosky, Special Envoy for Guantanamo Closure at the State Department, before the House Foreign Affairs Committee on March 23, 2016 and 22 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 23 of 129 July 7, 2016. (McCraw Deel., Exs. 1, 2.) On March 23, 2016, Wolosky testified as follows: In 2009-2010, more than 60 career professionals, including intelligence analysts, law enforcement agents, and attorneys, drawn from the Department of Justice, Department of Defense, Department of State, Department of Homeland Security, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and other agencies within the U.S. government assembled all reasonably available information from across the government relevant to determining the proper disposition of each detainee. The review task force examined this information critically, giving careful consideration to the threat posed by the detainee, the reliability of the underlying information, and the interests of national security. Then, based on the review task force's recommendations, the Departments of Defense, State, Justice and Homeland Security; the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff unanimously determined the appropriate disposition for each detainee: transfer, referral for prosecution, or continued law-of-war detention. (McCraw Deel., Ex. 1 at 2-3.) 13 13 On July 7, 2016, Wolosky gave the following (nearly identical) testimony: In 2009-2010, the Guantanamo Review Task Force ... , which was composed of more than 60 national security professionals, including intelligence analysts, law enforcement officials, and attorneys, drawn from the Department of Justice, Department of Defense, Department of State, Department of Homeland Security, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and other agencies within the U.S. government, assembled all reasonably available information from across the government relevant to determining an appropriate disposition of each detainee. The review task force examined this information critically, giving careful consideration to the threat posed by the detainee, the reliability of the underlying information, and the interests of national security. Then, based on the review task force's recommendations, the Departments of Defense, State, Justice and Homeland Security, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff unanimously determined the appropriate disposition for each detainee: transfer, referral for prosecution, or continued law-of-war detention. (McCraw Deel., Ex. 2 at 1-2.) 23 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 24 of 129 DOJ argues that Wolosky's testimony describes "precisely how the review process worked: the Task Force made recommendations, which the Review Panel or Review Participants considered when making their final disposition determinations. Wolosky' s statements do not demonstrate that the final decision-makers adopted the analyses or the conclusions in the Task Force's threat assessments-indeed, Wolosky never even mentioned the threat assessments" but mentioned only the Task Force's "recommendations." (DOJ Reply at 5.) Plaintiffs argue that Wolosky was "defend[ing] [President] Obama's detainee transfer policy by emphasizing the strong reasoning behind the [t]hreat [a]ssessments' conclusions." (Opp. at 15.) The Court finds that Wolosky' s testimony confirmed and described the process set forth in Executive Order 13492. See 74 Fed. Reg. at 4898-99. Wolosky clearly stated that the Review Panel (not the Task Force) determined the appropriate disposition for each detainee. (McCraw Deel., Ex. 1 at 2-3.) While his testimony did refer to the Task Force's "recommendations," i.e. its conclusions, Wolosky made no mention of the reasoning or analysis of the Task Force. See Wood, 432 F.3d at 84. "Mere reliance on a document's conclusions does not necessarily involve reliance on a document's analysis; both will ordinarily be needed before a court may properly find adoption or incorporation by reference." Id. Although Wolosky said that the Task Force "examined" and "consider[ed] ... the threat posed by the detainee" and made "recommendations," he does not specifically refer to the "threat assessments"-in fact, he did not refer to any particular document. See Am. Civil Liberties Union v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 90 F. Supp. 3d 201, 217-18 (S.D.N.Y. 2015) (where "there [we]re no statements ... specifically 24 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 25 of 129 referencing particular [privileged] documents," the plaintiff had adduced no "evidence that [the] agency ha[ d] actually adopted or incorporated by reference the [privileged] document at issue"). Even ifthe term "recommendations" were meant to refer to the threat assessments, "minor references to [a privileged document] cannot be said to be an express adoption or incorporation." Tigue, 312 F.3d at 81. 6. The prepared statement of Paul Lewis, Special Envoy for Guantanamo Detention Closure at the Department of Defense, before the House Committee on Armed Services on Feb 12, 2015. (McCraw Deel., Ex. 3.) Lewis stated: The determinations made by the 2009 Guantanamo Review Task Force process ... , an exhaustive interagency effort that fully examined the impact of transferring individuals from Guantanamo Bay, should be used as the foundational analysis when determining a detainee's current threat. This ... process took account of the [Bush Administration's] assessments in the course of a more comprehensive review of U.S. intelligence and other information with respect to each detainee. The [Task Force] determinations, in conjunction with regularly updated information from the intelligence community, provide the most accurate assessment of a specific detainee's current threat level. We believe that any decisions regarding transfers should be based on all current information and individual assessments of detainees. (McCraw Deel., Ex. 3 at 28-29.) DOJ argues that "Lewis did not state or suggest that the threat assessments were the 'foundational analysis' of the decisions of the Review Panel and the Review Participants, or any other disposition decision or agency policy. Instead, he was recommending that the threat assessments (in addition to the [Bush Administration's] assessments) be utilized prospectively to help inform future transfer decisions." (DOJ Reply at 8 (emphasis added).) 25 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 26 of 129 Plaintiffs counter that Lewis "pointed to the [t]hreat [a]ssessments-not the Review Panel's disposition-as the 'foundational analysis,' in Lewis's words, for all subsequent transfer decisions." (Opp. at 16.) The Court finds that the Lewis statement described the Executive processes during the Obama and Bush Administrations regarding the then-current threat level(s) of detainees and suggested that any information developed should be regularly updated. (See McCraw Deel., Ex. 3 at 29.) Executive Order 13492 stated that "the executive branch [would] conduct a prompt and thorough review of the circumstances of the individuals currently detained at Guantanamo," and "determine ... whether it [wa]s possible to transfer or release the individuals consistent with the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States." 74 Fed. Reg. at 4898-99. Lewis's statement does not indicate that any particular review panel action or decision was--or would bebased (solely) upon the threat assessments. See Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 205 n.17. Lewis did not say that a Review Panel or Review Participants had relied on any particular reasoning or analysis in the threat assessments. See Wood, 432 F.3d at 84. He suggested that the Task Force work was the "foundational analysis" and would be used prospectively "in conjunction with regularly updated information from the intelligence community[] [to] provide the most accurate assessment of a specific detainee 's current threat level." (See McCraw Deel., Ex. 3 at 28-29; see also id. at 29 ("We believe that any decisions regarding transfers should be based on all current information and individual assessments of detainees.").) 7. The testimony of Brian McKean, Principal Deputy Undersecretary for Policy at Department of Defense, before the Senate Armed Services Committee on February 5, 26 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 27 of 129 2015. (McCraw Deel., Ex. 4.) McKeon's testimony described the work of the Periodic Review Board ("PRB"), created in March of2011 by Executive Order 13567, to "review the status of those [Guantanamo] detainees not currently eligible for transfer." (Id. at 4.) His testimony included the following: Key features of the [PRB] process that leads to a decision to transfer include: a comprehensive interagency review and rigorous examination of information regarding the detainee; the security situation in the potential host country; and the willingness and capability of the potential country to implement and maintain appropriate compliance with security measures. Those initial reviews were conducted by career professionals from across the government [i.e. the Task Force] .... [E]ach decision [of the PRB] to transfer has been subject to unanimous agreement of six principals: the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Director of National Intelligence, the Attorney General, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, and, finally, the Secretary of Defense .... If somebody has already been cleared by the 2009 task force, and we find a place to which we can transfer them, and a package is brought to the Secretary [of Defense] to make the determination, we have an updated assessment on the individual. We're not relying solely on the 2009 task force work. (Id. at 7-8, 41-42.) DOJ argues that "McKean merely characterized the Task Force recommendation memoranda (not just the threat assessments) as one of several '[k]ey features of the process' leading to [detainee] decisions, and he also identified non-threat factors-such as 'the security situation in the potential host country' -on which those decisions were based. Thus, McKean never directly mentioned the threat assessments, much less asserted that the final decision-makers agreed with their reasoning and conclusions." (DOJ Reply at 5 (citation omitted).) McKean described the Task Force work as "initial reviews" (McCraw Deel., Ex. 4 at 42), and stated: "We're not relying solely on the 2009 task force work" to determine "whether [the United States] should continue to hold 27 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 28 of 129 [detaineesJ under Law of War detention or they can be approved for transfer." (McCraw Deel., Ex. 4 at 42.) Plaintiffs counter that McKeon's testimony adopted or incorporated by reference the threat assessments because he "called the [t]hreat [a]ssessments a '[k]ey feature' justifying the Administration's detainee transfer process." (Opp. at 16.) Plaintiffs appear to refer to McKeon's statement that "[k]ey features of the [PRB] process that leads to a decision to transfer include[] a comprehensive interagency review and rigorous examination of information regarding the detainee." (McCraw Deel., Ex. 4 at 7 .) The Court finds that McKeon 's testimony describes the Periodic Review Board process after a detainee has been "cleared by the 2009 task force." (McCraw Deel., Ex. 4 at 41.) McKeon specifically states, "We're not relying solely on the 2009 task force work." (Id. at 42.) Instead, McKeon said, the Secretary of Defense obtains "an updated assessment on the individual," and then "each decision to transfer has been subject to unanimous agreement of six principals." (Id. at 8, 41.) This testimony does not describe or mention the reasoning and analysis of any threat assessments upon which the Review Panel or Review Participants relied. See Wood, 432 F.3d at 84. While McKeon does refer to the "task force work," such a "minor reference[] ... cannot be said to be an express adoption or incorporation." Tigue, 312 F.3d at 81. 8. The joint statement, dated April 24, 2011, of Geoff Morrell, Pentagon Press Secretary, and Ambassador Dan Fried, Special Envoy for Closure of the Guantanamo Detention Facility. (McCraw Deel., Ex. 5.) Morrell and Fried appear to have issued the statement in response to Wikileaks' announced intent to publicize on April 25, 2011 so-called Detainee Assessment Briefs ("DABs") which had been "written by the 28 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 29 of 129 Department of Defense between 2002 and early 2009," and which "contain[ed] classified information about current and former GTMO detainees." (McCraw Deel., Ex. 5 at!.) The joint statement included the following: The Guantanamo Review Task Force, established in January 2009, considered the DABs during its review of detainee information. In some cases, the Task Force came to the same conclusions as the DABs. In other instances the Review Task Force came to different conclusions, based on updated or other available information. The assessments of the Guantanamo Review Task Force have not been compromised to Wikileaks. Thus, any given DAB illegally obtained and released by Wikileaks may or may not represent the current view of a given detainee. @J DOJ argues that this statement "merely explained that the Task Force's threat assessments[] ... agreed with the [DABs] at times and disagreed with them at others." (DOJ Reply at 8.) "Contrary to [P]laintiffs' claim, the joint statement did not emphasize the strength of the reasoning and conclusions of the [t]hreat [a]ssessments to defend the Obama Administration's detainee transfer policy." M (brackets and internal quotation marks omitted).) Plaintiffs argue that the joint statement "highlight[s] the careful reasoning and comprehensive review behind the [t]hreat [a]ssessments." (Opp. at 15.) Plaintiffs also argue that the ''.joint statement [was] issued ... to defend the Obama Administration's detainee transfer policy in the wake of the unauthorized disclosure ... of the [DABs]." (Id. at5.) The purpose of the joint statement was, by its terms, to advise that the work of the Task Force had not been compromised by Wikileaks' intended disclosure of the DABs. It does little more than (very) briefly refer to the work of the Task Force and the 2002-09 DABs. See 74 Fed. Reg. at 4898-99. The joint statement does not reveal the analysis or 29 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 30 of 129 reasoning of any threat assessment. See Wood, 432 F.3d at 84; Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 206. Indeed, Morrell and Fried made no mention of the Task Force's reasoning or analysis. "[R]eliance on a document's analysis ... will ordinarily be needed before a court may properly find adoption or incorporation by reference." See Wood, 432 F.3d at 84. The joint statement's mention of the Task Force's "assessments" a "minor reference" to a privileged document and "cannot be said to be an express adoption or incorporation." Tigue, 312 F.3d at 81. 9. The prepared statement and testimony of U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder before the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciaiy on April 14, 2010. (McCraw Deel., Exs. 6, 7.) Attorney General Holder's prepared statement included the following: The Guantanamo Review Task Force rigorously reviewed pertinent information regarding 240 Guantanamo detainees, determining their suitability for prosecution or for transfer to another country - or, if neither of those options is available, continued detention under the Authorization for the Use of Military Force, consistent with the rule oflaw. Each of these decisions was reached by the unanimous agreement of the agencies responsible for the review - the Departments of Justice, Defense, State, Homeland Security, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. (Mccraw Deel., Ex. 6 at 5.) Attorney General Holder testified as follows: [T]here certainly needs to be a process by which an initial determination is made, and that has already occurred with regard to the task force and in the principals' committee that voted on making the decision to detain ... these 48 people .... [W]e've now gotten to the point where we have made the determination. That very able task force made its recommendations, unanimously agreed to by the principals, that 48 people should be held in this way .... We've identified who those people are. (McCraw Deel., Ex. 7 at 28.) DOJ argues that Attorney General Holder's statement and testimony describe the Executive Order process. (See DOJ Reply at 5.) And, they "do[] not reference the threat assessment portions of the Task Force's recommendation memoranda, let alone indicate 30 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 31 of 129 that the unanimous decisions reached by the final decision-makers [the Review Panel and Review Participants] adopted the analyses[, reasoning,] and conclusions contained in those assessments." (Id.; see also id. at 9.) Plaintiffs respond that Attorney General Holder's statement and testimony "defend[ed] the ... decision to imprison 48 detainees indefinitely without change[] ... on the basis of the Task Force's 'very able' work." (Opp. at 16.) Moreover, Attorney General Holder's statement and testimony "refer to the [t]hreat assessments," "even if [they do J not ... use the magic words 'threat assessment."' (Pis.' Reply at 4-5.) The Court finds that Attorney General Holder's statement and testimony confirmed and described the process as delineated in Executive Order 13492, namely that "the executive branch [would] conduct a prompt and thorough review of the circumstances of the individuals currently detained at Guantanamo," and "determine ... whether it [wa]s possible to transfer or release the individuals consistent with the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States." 74 Fed. Reg. at 4898-99. Attorney General Holder never identified analysis or reasoning of the threat assessments that was relied upon by the Review Panel. See Wood, 432 F.3d at 84. He did say that the Review Panel agreed with the Task Force's recommendation that the 48 detainees in question should continue to be detained. (See McCraw Deel., Ex. 7 at 28.) That the ultimate decisions by "the agencies responsible for the review - the Departments of Justice, Defense, State, Homeland Security, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff' -were consistent with the Task Force recommendations, does not establish adoption. See Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 206 ("Nor does the fact that the agencies acted in conformity with the [privileged documents] 31 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 32 of 129 establish that the agencies adopted their reasoning."). Holder indicates that the Task Force's role was to make an "initial determination," but he makes clear that the Review Panel-not the Task Force-made the decision(s) to continue detention under the Authorization for the Use of Military Force, Pub L. No. 107-40, 15 Stat. 224. (See McCraw Deel., Ex. 6 at 5.) While Holder referred to the Task Force "recommendations," he made no specific references to "threat assessments" (see McCraw Deel., Exs. 6-7). See Am. Civil Liberties Union, 90 F. Supp. 3d at 217-18 (where "there [we]re no statements . . . specifically referencing particular [privileged] documents," the plaintiff had adduced no "evidence that [the] agency ha[d] actually adopted or incorporated by reference the [privileged] document at issue"). Absence of a Decisionmaker As noted at footnote 9 supra, at oral argument on September 18, 2017, the parties presented differing views as to who is a decisionmaker for purposes of adopting or incorporating by reference predecisional documents. (See H'rg Tr., dated Sept. 18, 2017, at 2-13.) Plaintiffs argue that a speaker is a decisionmaker if the speaker "ha[s] the hallmarks of being authorized ... to make the statement that he or she makes." Mat 11: 15-24.) DOJ argues that a decisionmaker is "either [the] [R]eview [P]articipants or [R]eview [P]anel members," who actually decided whether detainees would be transferred, detained, or prosecuted, under the Executive Order. (Id. at 5:23-24.) Only "the relevant decisionmaker ... [can] expressly adopt[] or incorporate[] by reference" a privileged document. See N.Y. Times Co. v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 2013 WL 174222, at *6 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 7, 2013). Under either definition of decisionmaker, the following five statements and letters, upon which Plaintiffs rely to establish adoption or incorporation by reference of the threat 32 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 33 of 129 assessments, cannot be determined to have been made by decisiomnakers, see Brennan Ctr., 697 · F.3d at 204 n.15, as follows: 1. The testimony of Matthew Olsen, Director of the Task Force, regarding the work of the Task Force before the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence on July 26, 2011 and January 31, 2012. (McCraw Deel., Exs. 13, 14.) 14 Olsen was not a member of the Review Panel, and he was not a Review Participant. (See DOJ Reply at 6.) In Brennan Center, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals held that, because the letter there relied upon by the plaintiffs to show adoption was from Daniel Levin, an Office of Legal Counsel official (i.e. the agency that drafted the predecisional memorandum) to Renee Lettow Lerner (the general counsel of HHS), "th[e] letter was neither written by a decisiomnaker nor released publicly by the decisiomnaking agency." See 697 F.3d at 204 n.15. For the same reason, Olsen, the Task Force Director, is not a decisiomnaker and his statements do not aid in establishing express adoption or incorporation by reference. See id. And, Plaintiffs have not shown that Olsen had the "hallmarks" of one authorized to adopt or incorporate by reference the threat assessments. (See H'rg Tr., dated Sept. 18, 2017, at 11:15-24.) 2. The letter, dated May 7, 2010, of U.S. Representative Frank Wolf (of Virginia's 10 1h congressional district) and other members of Congress to James L. Jones, National Security Advisor General, requesting that General Jones recommend to the President "an immediate prohibition on the transfer of any detainee out of Guantanamo Bay." (McCraw 14 Olsen described the Task Force's process, including the Task Force's use of the Bush Administrntion's DABs. (See McCraw Deel., Ex. 13 at 74, 89.) He testified that "the results of the review, the recommendations and the analysis [the Task Force] did, resulting in unanimous decisions on 240 detainees, speak for themselves." iliL at 91.) 33 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 34 of 129 Deel., Ex. 15 at 1.) The Wolfletter requested the "findings and recommendations for the disposition of each detainee case, since such information is being used as the basis for all decisions being made with respect to each detainee." (McCraw Deel., Ex. 15.) 15 Members of the U.S. House of Representatives were not Review Participants and did not serve on the Review Panel, (see O'Keefe Deel. if 12), and their statements do not aid in establishing express adoption or incorporation by reference. See Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 204 n.15. And, Plaintiffs have not shown that Representative Wolf-or anyone from the Legislative Branch-had the "hallmarks" of one authorized to adopt or incorporate by reference the threat assessments on behalf of the Executive Branch. (See H'rg Tr., dated Sept. 18, 2017, at 11:15-24.) 3. The letter, dated June 4, 2014, of U.S. Senator Saxby Chambliss (Georgia) to President Obama "calling for the declassification of intelligence related to the five Afghan nationals who were transferred from Guantanamo Bay, Cuba to Qatar." (McCraw Deel., Ex. 16 at 1.) The Chambliss letter stated that President Obama "should immediately declassify each of the[] 2009 assessments" for "five Afghan nationals who were transferred from Guantanamo Bay, Cuba to Qatar" in order "to explain the risks associated with transferring these individuals and why they will never face justice for their past actions." (McCraw Deel., Ex. 16 at 1.) 16 U.S. Senators were not Review Participants and did not serve on the Review Panel, (see O'Keefe Deel. if 12), and 15 Where, as here, "the record contains no evidence that [predecisional] documents were publicly referenced or adopted by agency decisionmakers," Exemption 5 protects the documents from disclosure. See N.Y. Times Co. v. DOJ, 2016 WL 5946711, at *15 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 18, 2016). 16 Where, as here, "the record contains no evidence that [predecisional] documents were publicly referenced or adopted by agency decisionmakers," Exemption 5 protects the documents from disclosure. See N.Y. Times, 2016 WL 5946711, at *15. 34 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 35 of 129 Senator Chambliss's statements do not aid in establishing express adoption or incorporation by reference. See Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 204 n.15. And, Plaintiffs have not shown that Senator Chambliss-or anyone from the Legislative Branch-had the "hallmarks" of one authorized to adopt or incorporate by reference the threat assessments on behalf of the Executive Branch. (See H'rg Tr., dated Sept. 18, 2017, at 11: 15-24.) 4. The letter, dated June 10, 2014, of U.S. Representative Jackie Walorski (of Indiana's 2nd congressional district) to President Obama "urg[ing] [the President] to declassify as much intelligence as possible related to the five Afghan nationals transferred from Guantanamo Bay, Cuba (GTMO) to Qatar on May 31, 2014." (McCraw Deel., Ex. 17 at I.) The Walorski letter requested that President Obama "declassify, to the greatest extent possible, the 2009 Guantanamo Review Task Force assessments and any other relevant intelligence surrounding the five transferred GTMO detainees" because "the American people need more information to be able to evaluate fully the risk involved in their release." (McCraw Deel., Ex. 17 at 1.) 17 Members of the U.S. House of Representatives were not Review Participants and did not serve on the Review Panel, (see O'Keefe Deel. if 12), and Representative Walorski's statements do not aid in establishing express adoption or incorporation by reference. See Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 204 n.15. And, Plaintiffs have not shown that Representative Walorski-or anyone from the Legislative Branch-had the "hallmarks" of one authorized to adopt or incorporate by reference the threat assessments on behalf of the Executive Branch. (See H'rg Tr., dated Sept. 18, 2017, at 11 :15-24.) 17 Where, as here, "the record contains no evidence that [predecisional] documents were publicly referenced or adopted by agency decisionmakers," Exemption 5 protects the documents from disclosure. See N.Y. Times, 2016 WL 5946711, at *15; see also O'Keefe Deel. if 12. 35 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 36 of 129 5. The published statement, dated June 11, 2014, of U.S. Representative Tulsi Gabbard (of Hawaii's 2nd congressional district) criticizing a "prisoner swap to recover Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl" because the five alleged "Taliban terrorists" who were released in exchange for Sgt. Bergdahl "present[ed] a threat to the United States." (McCraw Deel., Ex. 18 at 1.) The Gabbard letter stated, "The recent statements by the administration that these terrorists do not pose a significant threat are preposterous. The President's Guantanamo Review Task Force in 2010 determined that these five were too dangerous to transfer. The task force concluded that each of these five individuals possess a high level of threat that cannot be mitigated sufficiently except through continued detention." (McCraw Deel., Ex. 18 at 1 (internal quotation marks omitted).) 18 Members of the U.S. House of Representatives were not Review Participants and did not serve on the Review Panel, (see O'Keefe Deel. ii 12), and Representative Gabbard's statements do not aid in establishing express adoption or incorporation by reference. See Brennan Ctr., 697 F.3d at 204 n.15. And, Plaintiffs have not shown that Representative Gabbard-or anyone from the Legislative Branch-had the "hallmarks" of one authorized to adopt or incorporate by reference the threat assessments on behalf of the Executive Branch. (See H'rg Tr., dated Sept. 18, 2017, at 11 :15-24.) Segregation of Factual Material DOJ argues that "[t]he threat assessments are protected in full by the deliberative process privilege and do not contain any purely factual material that could be segregated for release." (DOJ Br. at 12.) DOJ contends that "any purely factual material ... is inextricably linked to the 18 Where, as here, ''the record contains no evidence that [predecisional] documents were publicly referenced or adopted by agency decisionmakers," Exemption 5 protects the documents from disclosure. See N.Y. Times, 2016 WL 5946711, at *15; see also O'Keefe Deel. ii 12. 36 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 37 of 129 explicitly evaluative nature of the records as a whole." Mat 13.) "The threat assessments contain a careful selection of specific infonnation drawn from large quantities of evidence compiled from across the govenunent ... and often 'included candid evaluations of the reliability and credibility of each particular piece of evidence."' (Id. (quoting O'Keefe Deel. if 15).) DOJ also argues that "the policy-oriented judgment involved in the selection of factual material for evaluation is plain from the nature of the records themselves. The threat assessments are wholly evaluative: they filter the factual material they contain through the prism of the Task Force's appraisal of the potential threat to the national security." (DOJ Reply at 17.) Plaintiffs contend that "DOJ provides only a conclusory explanation for why it is not possible to segregate the fact from the analysis of that fact." (Opp. at 18.) Plaintiffs argue that "the Second Circuit has rejected precisely this kind of ipse dixit declaration and required in camera review to evaluate segregability." (Id. (citation omitted).) Plaintiffs also argue that "it is not correct, as DOJ would have it, that anytime a fact is selected it becomes deliberative material. If that were so, it would nullify the factual-material exception .... " (Id. at 19.) "FOIA provides that any reasonably segregable portion of a record shall be provided to any person requesting such record after deletion of the portions which are exempt." N.Y. Times, 756 FJd at 117. Case law in this Circuit includes the following rule: factual segments of a predecisional document are exempt from disclosure under Exemption 5 if: (1) the predecisional document is "submitted to the agency ... to assist it in rendering an informed decision upon the ... record," and (2) disclosing the factual segments "would reveal the deliberative process ... itself by demonstrating which facts in the ... record were considered significant." See Lead Indus., 610 F.2d at 83, 85; see also Tigue, 312 F.3d at 74, 82 (where a predecisional report "express[ed] the 37 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 38 of 129 views of the [United States Attorney' Office for theJ Southern District [of New York] ... about tax investigations" and "recommend[ed] procedures for the Internal Revenue Service," factual information could not be segregated because that "information ... provided insight into privileged material"); Local 3, Int'l Bhd. ofElec. Workers, AFL-CIO v. N.L.R.B., 845 F.2d 1177, 1180 (2d Cir. 1988) (where "stripping [predecisional documents] down to their bare-bone facts would render them ... too illuminating of the agency's deliberative process"). The Court has conducted a thorough in camera review of the 239 threat assessments, including their segregability, and concludes, for the reasons that follow that all of the threat assessments meet the two requirements of Lead Industries, Tigue, and Local 3. First, all of the threat assessments were, according to the Executive Order, "submitted to the agency [i.e. the Review Panel] ... to assist it in rendering an informed decision upon the ... record." See Lead Indus., 610 F.2d at 83. O'Keefe states that, "[a]fter completing a thorough review of all pertinent information about each detainee, the Task Force prepared recommendation memoranda [which included the threat assessmentsJ assessing a variety of factors for evaluation by the Review Panel." (O'Keefe Deel.~ 14.) The "threat assessments were based upon specific pieces of evidence that Task Force members selected from the larger pool of information." (.hl, ~ 15.) According to O'Keefe, "the Task Force assessed the universe of information compiled about each detainee, and selected the most prescient issues about which to brief the Review Panel." (Id.) The Task Force's work and its responsibility were to select and present facts to aid the Review Panel in making its decisions. See Lead Indus., 610 F.2d at 83; see also Mapother v. Dep't of Justice, 3 F.3d 1533, 1536, 1538-39 (D.C. Cir. 1993) (no segregation of facts required where a report was prepared "to provide the Attorney General with the information ... to decide whether [an individual] should be excluded from the United States," and "[t]he staff was to cull 38 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 39 of 129 the relevant documents, extract pertinent facts, organize them to suit a specific purpose, and to identify the significant issues they encountered along the way"); Montrose Chem. Corp. of California v. Train, 491F.2d63, 64 n.3, 65, 68 (D.C. Cir. 1974) (no segregation of facts required where two reports were prepared to assist the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") in his review of the record of a hearing held to determine whether Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane ("DDT") was "injurious to man and his environment." "The EPA assistants ... were exercising their judgment as to what record evidence would be important to the Administrator in making his decision"). Second, the threat assessments are predominantly deliberative and evaluative. (See supra at pp. 13-15.) Disclosing factual material within the threat assessments would "reveal the deliberative process of selection" by demonstrating which facts in the record were "considered significant." See Lead Indus., 610 F.2d at 85; see also Tigue, 312 F.3d at 82 ("After de novo in camera review of the original and redacted memoranda, we conclude that the district court properly found that the document is predominantly evaluative .... [The] factual material ... is too inte1twined with evaluative and policy discussions to require disclosure."). O'Keefe's Declaration supports this conclusion. (See O'Keefe Deel. if 15.) "[T]he Task Force considered the totality of the circumstances related to each detainee, but attempted to focus on certain factors when possible." (Id.) "[It] prepared the threat assessments to succinctly SUillillarize significant issues and present key background information regarding the potential national security threat of individual detainees .... " (Id. if 26.) If the factual portions of the threat assessments were disclosed, those portions would indicate which facts the Task Force found "significant," "key," and worth "focusing" on. See Lead Indus., 610 F.2d at 83, 85; see also Tigue, 312 F .3d at 74, 82 (factual information could not be segregated because that "information 39 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 40 of 129 ... provided insight into privileged material"); Local 3, 845 F.2d at 1180 (no segregation of facts of predecisional documents where "stripping them down to their bare-bone facts would render them ... too illuminating of the agency's deliberative process"); Assadi v. U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Servs., 2013 WL 230126, at *3-5 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 22, 2013) (no segregation where the Fraud Detection and National Security Unit ("FDNS") of the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services ("CIS") sought to determine whether an immigration application was fraudulent and to recommend a course of action, and where the reports "contain[ed] factual information specifically chosen by extracting pertinent factual material from a larger body of factual material"); Shinnecock Indian Nation v. Kempthome, 652 F. Supp. 2d 345, 372 (E.D.N.Y. 2009) (where a report was prepared by attorneys in the Office of the Solicitor for the United States Department of the Interior to assist the Solicitor with his decision regarding whether the United States would assist the Shinnecock Indian Nation. The facts in the report were not segregable because "the selection of and presentation of the facts reveal[ed] the judgment of the author and la[id] the foundation for his recommendation"). The 1982 decision of the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals in Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Dep't of Justice, cited in Plaintiffs' opposing brief (Opp. at 19), is distinguishable, and it does not persuade the Court that segregation of factual material in the threat assessments is appropriate. 677 F.2d 931, 937 (D.C. Cir. 1982). In Playboy, the Circuit Court affirmed the District Court's order that the Department of Justice redact "conclusions, recommendations, opinions, or advice" from a report concerning whether FBI personnel acted improperly, and "that remaining portions of the [report] be disclosed." Id. at 934. Plaintiffs seek to rely upon the following Circuit Court statement: Anyone making a report must of necessity select the facts to be mentioned in it; but a report does not become a part of the deliberative process merely 40 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 41 of 129 because it contains only those facts which the person making the report thinks material. If this were not so, every factual repo1i would be protected as a part of the deliberative process. 677 F.2d 931, 935 (D.C. Cir. 1982). The report in Playboy "was prepared only to inform the [U.S.] Attorney General of facts which he in tum would make available to members of Congress." Id. at 936. The report in Playboy was not "submitted to the agency ... to assist it in rendering an informed decision upon the ... record." See Lead Indus., 610 F.2d at 83. The Court in Playboy distinguished Montrose Chemical, 491 F.2d 63, where segregation was not required, because, in Montrose, "summaries were prepared for the sole purpose of assisting the Administrator [of the Enviromnental Protection Agency] to make a complex decision .... " Playboy, 677 F.2d at 936. *** Having determined that the threat assessments are properly exempt from disclosure (in full) under Exemption 5, lli supra at pp. 12-41, it is not necessary to analyze other exemptions. The Court nevertheless includes the following analysis of Exemptions 1, 7(B), 7(D), and 7(E) to assist the parties-and the public-in understanding the Court's reasoning as to all of the issues which have been presented in the briefs in this case. Exemption 1 DOJ invokes Exemption 1 to protect against disclosure of portions of the threat assessments containing classified infonnation "pertaining to the foreign relations or foreign activities of the United States." (DOJ Br. at 17-18.) DOJ argues that "far from disclosing classified information, the press releases on which [P]laintiffs rely [(see infra at pp. 43-48)] merely provide general assurances that the United States aod the receiving country worked together to facilitate the transfer." (DOJ Reply at 18.) According to the Hardy Declaration, the information withheld under Exemption 1 "concern[s] sensitive intelligence information gathered 41 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 42 of 129 by the United States either abont or from a foreign country." (Hardy Deel. Deel. 'if 21; Stein Deel. 'if 27; see also Ewing 'if 14; DOD Deel. 'if 21.) "The unauthorized disclosure of information concerning foreign relations or foreign activities of the United States can reasonably be expected to ... identify the target, scope, or time frame of intelligence activities of the United States in or about a foreign country, which may result in the curtailment or cessation of these activities; enable hostile entities to assess United States intelligence gathering activities in or about a foreign country and devise countermeasures against these activities; or compromise cooperative foreign sources, which may jeopardize their safety and curtail the flow of information from these sources." (Hardy Deel. 'if 27.) Plaintiffs argue that the Government's invocation of Exemption 1 is "too broadly stated." (Opp. at 20.) Plaintiffs cite to three press releases which they contend "raise concerns about ... official disclosure." (ML) In these three press releases, according to Plaintiffs, "both the United States and the receiving country have ... described some of the communications between the two countries in order to facilitate the transfer." (Opp. at 20.) Plaintiffs do not challenge DOJ's use of Exemption 1 to justify the redaction of three other categories of information: "(l) intelligence sources and methods; (2) foreign government information provided to the United States in confidence; (3) information relating to military and counterterrorism operations, including certain operational details about Guantanamo Bay." (Id.) The term "official disclosure" refers to the "limited exception" under Exemption 1 "where the government has officially disclosed the specific information the requester seeks." Halpern v. F.B.I., 181 F.3d 279, 294 (2d Cir. 1999). "Classified information that a party seeks to obtain or publish is deemed to have been officially disclosed only if it (1) is as specific as the information previously released, (2) matches the information previously disclosed, and (3) was 42 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 43 of 129 made public through an official and documented disclosure." Wilson v. C.I.A., 586 F.3d 171, 186 (2d Cir. 2009) (brackets and internal quotation marks omitted). The Court, having thoroughly reviewed the threat assessments in camera, finds that Plaintiffs have not met their "burden of showing specific information in the public domain that duplicates [or matches] the information withheld" by DOJ under Exemption 1. See Hudson River, 891 F.2d at 421. None of the three press releases cited by Plaintiffs constitutes "official disclosure" of classified information "pertaining to the foreign relations or foreign activities of the United States" (DOJ Br. at 17-18), as follows: 1. The October 31, 2009, DOJ Press Release announcing the transfer of six Uighur Guantanamo detainees to the Republic of Palau. Dept. of Justice, United States Transfers Six Uighur Detainees from Guantanamo Bay to Palau, No. 09-1179 (Oct. 31, 2009). This press release stated in relevant part, Six detainees who are Chinese nationals of Uighur ethnicity have been transferred from the detention facility at Guantanamo Bay to the control of the Republic of Palau.... These transfers were carried out under an arrangement between the United States and the Republic of Palau. The United States has coordinated with the Republic of Palau to ensure the transfers take place under appropriate security measures and will continue to consult with the Republic of Palau regarding the individuals . . . . "[W]e are grateful to the Republic of Palau for its assistance in the resettlement of these individuals," said Matthew Olsen, Executive Director of the Guantanamo Review Task Force. DOJ argues persuasively that this press release "merely provide[s] general assurances that the United States and the receiving country worked together to facilitate the transfer." (DOJ Reply at 18.) DOJ also contends that, "in connection with the government's application of Exemption 1 to foreign relations and foreign activities 43 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 44 of 129 information," the Hardy Declaration "demonstrate[s] that [Exemption 1] was not applied to the type of information [P]laintiffs describe." (Id. at 19.) "The unauthorized disclosure of information concerning foreign relations or foreign activities of the United States can reasonably be expected to lead to diplomatic or economic retaliation against the United States; identify the target, scope, or time frame of intelligence activities of the United States in or about a foreign country, which may result in the curtailment or cessation of these activities; enable hostile entities to assess United States intelligence gathering activities in or about a foreign country and devise countermeasures against these activities; or compromise cooperative foreign sources, which may jeopardize their safety and curtail the flow of information from these sources." (Hardy Deel. if 27.) Plaintiffs argue that the press release constitutes an "official disclosure" because it "describe[s] some of the communications between the two countries in order to facilitate the transfer." (Opp. at 21.) Plaintiffs also argue that the Hardy Declaration "refer[s] broadly to foreign relations information" and does not "carry [DOJ's] burden." (Pls.' Reply at 8.) The Court finds that the October 31, 2009, DOJ Press Release does not constitute an official disclosure. See Hudson River, 891 F.2d at 421. The press release does not contain, as pointed out in the Hardy Declaration, "sensitive intelligence information gathered by the United States either about or from a foreign country." (Hardy Deel. if 26.) It cannot be said to "duplicate" or "match" any of the information withheld under Exemption I. See Hudson River, 891 F.2d at 421. The press release also does not include information about "United States intelligence gathering activities in or about a foreign 44 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 45 of 129 country" which could enable others to "devise countermeasures against these activities." (Hardy Deel.~ 27.) 2. The June 22, 2016, Government of Montenegro Press Release annonncing the transfer of one Guantanamo detainee to Montenegro. Gov'! of Montenegro, Montenegro Receives Another Person Within Humanitarian Programme of Re-Socialisation of Prisoners from Guantanamo, Press Release (June 22, 2010). This press release stated in relevant part, As part of a humanitarian programme launched by the Government of the United States with the aim of closing the base in Guantanamo, Cuba, Montenegro took on the responsibility of re-socialisation of another prisoner and his return to his family. · It is ... a citizen of Yemen who stayed for many years in Guantanamo, and who ... does not constitute, according to the assessment of the competent US and Montenegrin security services, a security or any other threat to the country and citizens of Montenegro. Prior to the persons' transfer to third countries, their behaviour and criminal liability are subjects of security assessment and detailed evaluation, according to which the decision on the transfer is made. Re-socialisation of these persons implies control by the relevant institutions of the receiving countries, while ensuring full respect for legality and the policy of humane treatment. DOI argues that this press release "merely provide[ s] general assurances that the United States and the receiving country worked together to facilitate the transfer." (DOJ Reply at 18.) DOJ also contends that the Hardy Declaration "submitted in connection with the government's application of Exemption 1 to foreign relations and foreign activities information demonstrate[ s] that [Exemption l] was not applied to the type of information [P]laintiffs describe." (Id. at 19.) "The unauthorized disclosure of information concerning foreign relations or foreign activities of the United States can reasonably be expected to lead to diplomatic or economic retaliation against the United 45 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 46 of 129 States; identify the target, scope, or time frame of intelligence activities of the United States in or about a foreign country, which may result in the curtailment or cessation of these activities; enable hostile entities to assess United States intelligence gathering activities in or about a foreign country and devise countermeasures against these activities; or compromise cooperative foreign sources, which may jeopardize their safety and curtail the flow of information from these sources." (Hardy Deel. ii 27.) Plaintiffs argue that the press release constitutes an "official disclosure" because it "describe[s] some of the communications between the two countries in order to facilitate the transfer." (Opp. at 21.) Plaintiffs also argue that the Hardy Declaration "refer[s] broadly to foreign relations info1mation" and does not "carry [DOI' s] burden." (Pis.' Reply at 8.) The June 22, 2016, Government of Montenegro Press Release carmot constitute an "official disclosure" because it was not issued by an agency or official of the United States Government. See Hudson River, 891 F.2d at 422 ("Officials no[t] ... serving with an executive branch department cannot ... disclose official agency policy .... ").Also, the press release does not include "sensitive intelligence information gathered by the United States either about or from a foreign country." (Hardy Deel. ii 26.) The June 22, 2016, Government of Montenegro Press Release does not "duplicate" or "match" the inf01mation withheld under Exemption 1 (as described in the Hardy Declaration). See id. at 421. The press release also does not include information about "United States intelligence gathering activities in or about a foreign country" which could enable others to "devise countermeasures against these activities." (Hardy Deel. 46 ii 27.) Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 47 of 129 3. The January 19, 2017, DOD Press Release announcing the transfer of one Guantanamo detainee to Saudi Arabia. Dept. of Defense, Detainee Transfers Announced, Release No. NR-017-17 (Jan. 19, 2017). This press release stated in relevant part, The Department of Defense announced today the transfer of [one detainee] from the detention facility at Guantanamo Bay to the government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.... The United States is grateful to the government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for its willingness to support ongoing U.S. efforts to close the Guantanamo Bay detention facility. The United States coordinated with the government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to ensure this transfer took place consistent with appropriate security and humane treatment measures. DOJ argues that this press release "merely provide[ s] general assurances that the United States and the receiving country worked together to facilitate the transfer." (DOJ Reply at 18.) DOJ also contends that the Hardy Declaration "submitted in connection with the government's application of Exemption 1 to foreign relations and foreign activities information demonstrate[ s] that [Exemption 1] was not applied to the type of information [P]laintiffs describe." (Id. at 19.) "The unauthorized disclosure of information concerning foreign relations or foreign activities of the United States can reasonably be expected to lead to diplomatic or economic retaliation against the United States; identify the target, scope, or time frame of intelligence activities of the United States in or about a foreign country, which may result in the curtailment or cessation of these activities; enable hostile entities to assess United States intelligence gathering activities in or about a foreign country and devise countermeasures against these activities; or compromise cooperative foreign sources, which may jeopardize their safety and curtail the flow of information from these sources." (Hardy Deel. 47 if 27.) Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 48 of 129 Plaintiffs argue that the press release constitutes an "official disclosure" because it "describe[s] some of the communications between the two countries in order to facilitate the transfer." (Opp. at 21.) Plaintiffs also argue that the Hardy Declaration "refer[s] broadly to foreign relations information" and does not "carry [DOJ's] burden." (Pis.' Reply at 8.) The Court finds that the January 19, 2017, DOJ Press Release does not constitute an official disclosure. See Hudson River, 891 F.2d at 421. As noted, the Hardy Declaration states that the government withheld "sensitive intelligence information gathered by the United States either about or from a foreign country." (Hardy Deel. ii 26.) The press release contains no such information and does not "duplicate" or "match" the information withheld. See Hudson River, 891 F.2d at 421. The press release also does not include information about "United States intelligence gathering activities in or about a foreign country" which could enable others to "devise countermeasures against these activities." (Hardy Deel. ii 27.) Exemption 7(B) DOJ (on behalf of the FBI) invokes Exemption 7(B) to protect against disclosing citations to FBI files found in footnotes of six threat assessments (as indicated in the DOJ' s Vaughn Index, see Attachment A hereto at pp. 47, 49-52) because "disclosure ... 'would deprive a person of a right to a fair trial or an impartial adjudication."' (DOJ Br. at 23 (quoting 5 U.S. C. § 552(b)(7)(B)).) DOJ contends that "[t]he responsive records include [six] threat assessments of certain detainees for whom law enforcement proceedings are ongoing or are reasonably anticipate[ d]. Premature release of the recommendations provided in the threat assessments through the FOIA, could unfairly impact ongoing or prospective proceedings and jeopardize the detainee's ability to receive a fair and impartial adjudication." (Hardy Deel. ii 38.) "Each threat 48 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 49 of 129 assessment contains footnotes identifying specific source documents," some of which are FBI files that "capture[] interviews of third parties providing information." (Id. if 39.) Unless the FBI redacts the file numbers (for these FBI interviews of third parties), "the detainee would have knowledge of types of information that may not already be available through the court proceedings," including the "targets of investigative activities or a close association with another target of investigation." (Id.) This "could indicate that the government has additional testimony or information available." (Id.) DOI also relies upon the Seidel Declaration which states that "the prior use of the term 'law enforcement proceedings' referred only to trials and adjudications." (Seidel Deel. if 6.) "[A]ll of the infonnation that the FBI withheld pursuant to Exemption 7(B) relates to ongoing trials or adjudications" (id.). And, "it is more probable than not that disclosure of the information ... would seriously interfere with the impartiality of those ongoing proceedings" (id.). Plaintiffs argue that DOI has not carried its burden because "a trial or adjudication must be 'pending or truly imminent'" and "it must be 'more probable than not that disclosure of the material sought would seriously interfere with the fairness of those proceedings."' (Opp. at 22 (quoting Wash. Post, 863 F.2d at 102).) Plaintiffs also argue that the Court should "require DOI-at the very least through an in camera, ex parte declaration-to describe the specific proceedings at issue and explain the particular harms disclosure would cause." (Pis.' Reply at 9.) The Government has met its burden to show by a preponderance of the evidence that Exemption 7(B) protects against the disclosure of citations to FBI files concerning interviews of third parties (Seidel Deel. ifif 5-6). See Chiquita Brands Int'! Inc. v. S.E.C., 805 F.3d 289, 294, 298-99 (D.C. Cir. 2015); Washington Post, 863 F.2d at 102. "[T]o withstand a challenge to the applicability of (7)(B) the government bears the burden of showing: (1) that a trial or 49 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 50 of 129 adjudication is pending or truly imminent; and (2) that it is more probable than not that disclosure of the material sought would seriously interfere with the fairness of those proceedings." Id. This burden can be met by affidavit or otherwise. Id. Both Hardy and Seidel confirm in their Declarations that trials or adjudications are ongoing for the six detainees at issue. (See Hardy Deel. if 38; Seidel Deel. if 6.) Ongoing litigation "satisfies the 'pending or truly imminent' judicial proceeding prong ofth[e] test." Chiguita Brands, 805 F.3d at 294. Seidel confirmed that "all of the information that the FBI withheld pursuant to Exemption 7(B) relates to ongoing trials or adjudications." (Id.; see also Moscati Deel. if 6; Chiquita Brands, 805 F.3d at 294; Washington Post, 863 F.2d at 102.) The Hardy and Seidel Declarations also satisfy the second prong of DOJ' s burden of proof. See id.; Chiguita Brands, 805 F.3d at 298-99. That is, where, as here, "disclosure through FOIA would [also] furnish access to a document not available under the discovery rules and thus would confer an unfair advantage on one of the parties," the document need not be disclosed. Washington Post, 863 F.2d at 102; see also Chiguita Brands, 805 F.3d at 298-99 (where "one party obtains valuable information from witnesses and other third parties outside the formal discovery process while under no obligation to produce similar information to its adversaries"). Plaintiffs do not dispute that such disclosure "would furnish access to a document not available under the discovery rules," see Washington Post, 863 F.2d at 102; Hardy Deel. if 38; Seidel Deel. ir 5. Exemption 7(D) DOJ (on behalf of the FBI) invokes Exemption 7(D) to protect against disclosure of portions of the threat assessments which are "law enforcement records that 'could reasonably be expected to disclose the identity of a confidential source, including a ... foreign agency or authority ... which furnished information on a confidential basis."' (DOJ Br. at 24 (quoting 5 50 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 51 of 129 U.S.C. § 552(b)(7)(D)). DOJ is concerned about "portions of the responsive documents [containing] information regarding individual sources who are ... informants under an express grant of confidentiality." (Hardy Deel., 54.) The file for each confidential source "memorializes the FBI's confidentiality agreement with the source, as well [as] other information about the particular source (i.e., suitability, reliability, scope of reporting, payments, etc.). To the extent the FBI applied Exemption 7(D) to information pe1iaining to a source who has received express confidentiality, FBI procedures require that evidence of that grant of confidentiality would reside in the appropriate source file." (Seidel Deel.,, 9-10.) Plaintiffs argue that "DO J's invocation of Exemption 7(D) is plainly insufficient." (See Opp. at 23-24.) Plaintiffs contend that "the FBI ... fails to make the appropriate showing for the names and identifying data for informants," and "provides only ... 'bare assertions' of confidentiality .... '" QQ,) Plaintiffs also argue that Seidel's "[D]eclaration says only that some unnamed 'FBI procedures' suggest that evidence of express grants of confidentiality 'would reside'-hypothetically-in the source's file." (Pls.' Reply at 9 (citation omitted).) The Court finds that DOJ has met its burden to show by a preponderance of the evidence that Exemption 7(D) applies to portions of the threat assessments. It has done so by relying upon the Hardy and Seidel Declarations. When invoking Exemption 7(D), an "agency['s] burden of proof [is] satisfied by [an] affidavit declaring that ... assurances of confidentiality are set forth ... in the source's informant file .... " Halpern v. FBI, 181F.3d279, 298-99 (2d Cir. 1999) (brackets and internal quotation marks omitted). The Hardy and Seidel Declarations clearly meet this requirement. (See Hardy Deel. , 54; Seidel Deel. ,, 9-10; see also Halpern, 181 F.3d at 29899; Ferguson v. FBI, 83 F.3d 41, 42-43 (2d Cir. 1996) (where "the affidavit explain[ed] ... that . . . express assurances of confidentiality were given by the FBI to the sources providing the 51 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 52 of 129 information, and that these assurances [we]re set forth ... in the source's info1mant file"); Williams v. FBI, 69 F.3d 1155, 1158 (D.C. Cir. 1995) (where "the Government submitted an affidavit from [an] FBI Special Agent ... explaining that the FBI withheld ... information on the ground that this information was obtained pursuant to express grants of confidentiality").) Exemption 7(E) DOJ (on behalf of the FBI) invokes Exemption 7(E) to protect against disclosure of portions of the threat assessments containing "database identities and database search results" (Hardy Deel.~ 64) because that "info1mation ... 'would disclose techniques and procedures for law enforcement investigations or prosecutions'" (DOJ Br. at 25 (quoting 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(7)(E)). "Such techniques and procedures are categorically exempt from disclosure, without any need for inquiry into the harm that would result from their disclosure." (Id.) DOJ relies upon the Seidel and Hardy Declarations. Seidel states: [T]he specific selection of a single database among many that could be used, based on the unique factors of a specific investigation, would reveal the specific methodology that the FBI employs in the course of counterterrorism investigations. Disclosure of this information, including which database is searched and the unique search parameters used, would provide individuals with insight into how to avoid detection by knowing what factors would trigger discovery. Knowledge of what actions and what characteristics the FBI detects through its querying of non-public databases would allow individuals to alter their behavior to avoid detection. Accordingly, the specific details concerning the databases queried in connection with the FBI counterterrorism activities discussed in the responsive records, the number of databases searched, the combinations of databases searched for certain individuals, the information retrieved from those searches, and the ways in which the FBI utilizes that info1mation it obtains from such searches would all reveal unknown law enforcement techniques. (Seidel~ 15.) The Hardy Declaration states: Disclosure of the printouts or information compiled from these search results, or even the selection of a certain database over another for a particular type of information and its relative usefulness, could enable 52 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 53 of 129 criminals to employ countermeasures to avoid detection, thus jeopardizing the FBI's investigative mission. (Hardy Deel. if 64.) Plaintiffs "call into question the withholding of database search results" by DOJ. (Opp. at 24.) According to Plaintiffs, the FBI "does no more than assert, in entirely general terms, that printouts, info1mation from search results, and information about what database the FBI searched might reveal a secret. That falls far short of showing how disclosure of the responsive records in this case plausibly would reveal something new about the technique-the search of a databaseitself" (Opp. at 24-25 (citation omitted).) "What the FBI has failed to explain ... is whether the withheld infmmation reveals, for example, types of searches---databases queried, search parameters used, and the like-that are regularly used in counterterrorism cases or whether the information is merely a search that a particular analyst in a particular case decided to make on his or her own." (Pis.' Reply at 9-10.) The Government has met its burden of demonstrating by a preponderance of the evidence the applicability of Exemption 7(E). It has done so by relying on the Hardy and Seidel Declarations. See Iraqi Refugee Assistance Project v. U.S. Dep't of Homeland Sec., 2017 WL 1155898, at *11 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 27, 2017); Bishop v. U.S. Dep't of Homeland Sec., 45 F. Supp. 3d 380, 391 (S.D.N.Y. 2014). "Affidavits or declarations ... giving reasonably detailed explanations why any withheld documents fall within an exemption are sufficient to sustain the agency's burden." Wilner, 592 F.3d at 69. "The phrase 'techniques and procedures['] ... refers to how law enforcement officials go about investigating a crime." Allard K. Lowenstein, 626 F.3d at 682. Exemption 7(E) applies where, as here, the government's Declarations show that disclosure will reveal "which databases [law enforcement] considers in its ... process and how such information can lead to the 53 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 54 of 129 triggering of additional" investigation. See Bishop, 45 F. Supp. 3d at 391; see also Iraqi Refugee, 2017 WL 1155898, at * 11 (where the plaintiffs challenged the redaction of a document discussing search results from "a law enforcement database"). The Hardy and Seidel Declarations explain that disclosure of database identities and search results would reveal how the FBI investigates suspected terrorists, including "the number of databases searched, the combinations of databases searched for certain individuals, the information retrieved from those searches, and the ways in which the FBI utilizes that information it obtains from such searches." (See Hardy Deel. if 64; Seidel Deel. if 15.) "Disclosure of this information ... would provide individuals with insight into how to avoid detection by knowing what factors would trigger discovery." (Id.) IV. Conclusion & Order For the reasons stated herein above, DOJ's motion for summary judgment [#23] is granted. Plaintiffs' cross-motion for summary judgment [#32] is denied. Dated: New York, New York September 29, 2017 RICHARD M. BERMAN, U.S.D.J. 54 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 55 of 129 ATTACHMENT A 19 19 The attached Vaughn Index is a declassified, redacted and public document, which was originally attached as Exhibit H to the O'Keefe Declaration. It was made public by DOJ on March 27, 2017. The original, classified version was submitted to the Court in camera. Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 56 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-8 Filed 03/27/17 Page 2of18 +oP StCRe+//Sl//QRCQl'olf/NQPQRN Ahmed Hassain !Task Force Evaruation Worksheet; ISN:YM-690 Subse·ction of EVilluation Worksheet contalning the Tilsk Force's candid a.sse-ssment of identJflab!e threat(s) potentially pos.ed by detainee to the national security of the United States. Mohammed Cover Page of Guantanamo Review Ahmed Salam Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; ISN:YM· 689 Subsection of E"vessment of identifiable :rhreat{s} Sami:r NJ Mahmud Abd Al Cover Page· of Guantanamo Revie-\o,i Aziz Al Mujahid Task Force Evaluatlon Worksheet; ISN:YM-31 Subsection of EvQRPI Abdul KhaJed Al· Cover Page of Guantanamo Reviev.,r Baydani Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; lSN: SA- 5S3 Subsection of Evafuation Worksheet containing the Task Force's candid assessment of identifiable threat{s} potentfaJly posed by detainee to the national security of the United States. 6 Faez Mohammed Co1J·er Page: of Guantanamo Review 10 Ahmed Al· Task Force Evaluation Work!;heet; Kandari Subsection ofEvafuation Worksheet flSN: KU·SS2 containing the T.c:isk 'Fon:e's candid assessment of identifiable threat(s) potenti.alryposed by detainee to-the national security of the United States. Fouad Mahmud Hasan Al Rabia !SN: KU·5Sl Walid Said bin Said Zald ISN:YM-550 000: 1.4 {a), (c), {g)(WIP) FBI: 50 U.S.C. § 3024(1)(1) {WIP) DOJ: OPP (WIF) DOO{WIP) FBI: (7)(C),(E) {WlP) FBI (WIP) FBI: 1.4 {c) (WIP) DOD: 1.4 (a), {c), DOD: SO U.S.C. § (g)(WIP) 3024(i)[l) {WIP) r·= I Cover Page of Guanta-namo Review Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; Subsectlon of Evaluation Worksheet containing the Task fon:::e's candid assessment of identifi;ible threat(s) potentially posed by detainee to the national security of the United States. 16 Cover Page of Guantanamo Revi.ew Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; Subsectlon of Evaluation Work>heet containing the Task Force's cand.td a:ssessment of identifiable thrECR6+NS1/{GRCGN/,tMGFGRM 017 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 73 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-9 Filed 03/27/17 Page 1of18 +oP SEGRi;+/fSl,l,IQRGOPl/,£PIOFQRPI Karim Bostan ICover Page of Guantanamo Review ISN: AF·975 Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; Subsection of Evaluation Worksheet containing the Task Force's candid assessment of identifiable threat(s} potentially posed by detainee too the national security of the United States. Sha:rifullah \Cover Page: of Guantanamo Review ISN: AF·944 Task force Evaluation Worksheet; 18 DOD: 1.4 (a), (c), (&) (WIP) DOD: 50 U.5.C. § 3024(1){1) {WIP) DOJ: OPP {WIF) DOD{WIP) IFBI: (7JIC),(El (WIP) FBI (W!P) FBI: 1.4 (c) (WlP) FBI: 50 U.5.C. § 3024(1)(1) (WIP) 15 DOD: 1.4 (a), (c), (g) (WIP) SUbsection of Evaluation Worksheet I DOJ: OPP (WJF) DOD(WlP) I IFBI (WIP) FBI: (7)(CJ (WIP) containing the Task Force's candid assessment of·identffiabfe threat(s} potentfally posed by detainee to the nation.1l security of the United States. 1.Abdul Ghani tsN: AF·934 6 Cover Page of Guantanamo Review Task Force Evalu:ation Worksheet; Subsection of Evaruation Worksheet containing. the Task Force's candid DOD: 1.4 (a).(c), (WIP) :fBI: SI) U.S.C § 3024(1)11) (WIP) DOJ: OPP (WJF) DOO(WJP) FBI: (7J(C),(E) (WIP) FBl{WIP) FBI: 1.4 (c) (WIP) assessment of idenrifiable threat(s} potentl111ly posed by detainee to the national secufity of the United .States. Khi Ali Gui ISN:AF-928 \Cover Page of Guantanamo Review Task force Ev;i,!uati-on \Vorksheet; Subsection of Evaluation Worksheet containing the Task Force's candid assessment of identifiable threat(sl potentt;illy posed by detainee to the national sect.irity of the United States. 9 DOJ DOD: 1.4 (a), (c), (g)(WIP) I FBI; SO U.5.C § 3024(i)(l) (WIP) DOJ; OPP (WlF) DOO(WIP) I IFBl(WIP) FBI: (7)(C) fWIP) IFBI: l.4 (c) (WIP) TOP SECRi+//Sl}{GRCOfrlf/NOfQRN 018 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 74 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-9 Filed 03/27117 Page 2of18 TOP SibRgf.!Sl/-;lQR,QPlf/filQFQRPI Shawali Khan ISN:AF~899 Cover Page of Guantanamo Review Task force Evaluation Worksheet; 11 000: 1.4 (a), le), lg) [WJP) DOD: 50 U.S.C, § jDOJ: OPP (WIF) 3024(illl) (WIP) Subsection of Evaluation Worksheet containing_ the Task Force's candid FBI: 1.4 (c) (WIP) FBI: SO U.S.C. § 3024(i)(l) (WIP) assessment ofidenlifrabte threat(s} I IDOO(WIP) IFBI: (7)(C) (WlP) jFBI (WIP) potentlally posed by detainee to the national security of the United States. Ahmld Al Razak ISN: AF·l119 Cover Page of Guant SECRB-r/-/Sl/.,JORCON//~JOFORN 022 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 78 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-9 Filed 03/27/17 Page 6 of 18 TOP Si:(;Ri+J,lil{1'0RCQN/}PIOFQRN Abdah Cover Page of Guantanamo Review Task 'Force Evaluation Worksheet; Subsection of Evaluation Worksheet containing the Task force's e<1ndfd assessment of ident1fiable threat(s) porentlally pos.cd by de'fainee to the national security of the United States. 7 Abd Al Hadi Cover Pa_ge of Guantanamo Review Omar Mahmoud Task force EV of Guan!>namo Review Bihani LSN: YM~128 Mukhtar Anaje ISN:YM·ll7 Task Force Evaluation Work.sheet; Subsection of Evaluatton Worksheet containing the Task Force's candid assessment of identifiable thrcatls'j potentially posed by detainee to the nationecofity of the United States. 1'.QP SE,Rr.+/./Sl//QRCOPJ/-/PlQfORN 033 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 89 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-9 Filed 03/27/17 Page 17of18 TQP' SE:CR'i.:r/-/Sl,l/QRc;;OPJ1l/IHQFQRfll Huzaifa Parhat !SN: CH-320 Cover Page: ofGuant.anamo Revlev1 Task force Evaluation Worksheet; Subsection of Evaluutlon Worksheet containing the T.ask Force's candid I 3 I DOD: 1.4 (b). (c], I (dj (WIP) IDOJ: OPP (WIF) !FBI (WJP) !FBI: [7J!C) {WJP) DOJ: OPP (WIF) FBI (WIPJ FBI: (7)(C) (WIP) DOJ: OPP {WIF} DOD (WIP) FBI: (7)(Cl {WIP) assessment of ident\fiabte threat(s) potentially posed by detainee to the nJ Younis Abdutrabman liChekkouri ISN; M0-197 Cover Page of Guantanamo Rc:vie\'I' Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; Subsection of Evaluation Worksheet containing the Task Force's candid assessment of identffiab!e threat(s} 12 DOD: L4 (b), (c), (d) (WIP) ISN:1S-894 Cover Page of Gt.1:antanamo Reviev11 Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; Subsection of Evaluatton Worksheet containing the Tas.k For.c:e's candid assessment o'f identlfrnbfe threat{s} potentially posed by detainee to the: national security of the United States. Barhumi Riyadh DOD (WIP) FBI: (7J{C),(EJ (WlP) FBl(WIP) FBJ: 50 U.S.C § 3024(1)(1) {WIP) 6 DOD: 1.4 (b), {cJ, IFBI: 50 U.S.C. § Id) {WIP) 3024(i){.1J {WIPJ DOJ: OPP (WlF) DOD(WIP) FBI: (7){C) {WIPJ fBt(WIP) FBI: 1.4 (c) {WIP) s leaver Page of Guantanamo Review 7 FS!: 1-4 (c) {WIP) IFBJ: SD u.s.c. § 3024(i)(l) {WIP) DOD: 1.4 (b), (c), Bin Muhammad Task force Evaluation \Vorksheet; {rl) {WIP) Tahir Bin l..akhdir Subsection of Evaluation Worksheet Nas.ri containing the Task Force's candid ISN:TS-510 assessment of identifiable threat{s) FBI: 1.4 {c) (WIP) potentially posed by detainee: to the ,natronal security of the United States. 1 IDOJ: OPP (WIF) U.S.C. § 424 (WIP) I Rafiq: Bio Sashir Cover Page of Guantanamo Review Bin Jalud Al Hami Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; !SN: TS-892 Subsection of Evaluation Worksheet containing the Task Force's candid assessment ofldentlfiab!e threat{s) potentially posed by detainee to the national sl 040 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 96 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-10 Filed 03/27117 Page 6 of 20 l'QP S!;CRi+/,!$1,t/QROOPlf,'llQFQR!I Abdul Bin !Cover Page of Guantanamo Review Mohammed Abls Task force Evaluation Worksheet; Ourgy ISNoTS·502 7 OOD: 1.4 {c) {WIP) OODo 10 U.S.C. § IDOJo OPP (WIF) {DOD (WIP) FBI: (7){C) (WIP) 424 (WIP) Subsection of Evaluation Works.heet FBI {WIP) containing the Task Force's candid FBlo l.4 (c) (WlP) IFBlo SO U.5.C. § 3024(1)(1) (WIP) assessment ·of identifiable threat(s) potentially posed by detainee to the national security oflhe United States. Hall Aziz Ahmed ICpver Page of Guantanamo Review Al-Maythali !SN: YM·840 Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; Subsection of Evafuation Worksheet (WIP) containing the Task Force's candid FBJo 1.4 (c) {WIP) !FBI: 50 U.S.C. § 7 DODo 1.4 (c) assessment ·of identifiable threat(sl p-otentlalJy posed by detainee to the national security of the United States. Mus ab Omar Ali Al-Mud\\lani ISN: YM-S39 I Cover Pa_ge of Guantanamo Review DOD:50U.S.C. § IDOJ: OPP (Wlf) 3024(1)(1) (WIP) fBI (WJP) FBI: (7)(C),(E) '(WJP) 3024(1)(1) (WJP) 10 Task Force Ev;.i.!uation Worksheet; Subsection of Evaluation Works.heet containing the Tas.k Force's candid assessment of identifiable threat(s} DODo 1.4 (b), Id) (WIP) (cJ. ,DODo 10 U.S.C. § IDDJo DPP {WIF) IDOO (WIP) FBI: (7)(C),{E) (WIP) 424 (WIP) FBl(WIP) FBlo 1.4 (c){WIP) IFBI: 50 U.S.C. § 3024(1)[1) (WIP) pote.rnlally posed by detainee ·to the national security of the UnJtQd Sta"te-s. Ayub Murshid Ali ICover Page of Guantanamo Review Salih Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; ISN: YM-836 Subsection of Evatuation-Worksheet 9 DOD: 1.4 {c) {WIP) OOJ: OPP (WIF) cont<1ining the Task Force's candid assessment -of Identifiable threat(s} potentially posed by detainee to the· national security of the United States. l'QP SEGRi+h'Sl/fGRCGN,l/"QFQRPI 041 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 97 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-10 Filed 03/27/17 Page 7 of 20 TQp SECRi+//Sl{jQRCON,'}tJOFQR~I s Sharqawi Abdu Cover Page ofGuJ/,m"Cnt of identifiable threat(s) potentially posed by detainee to the national security of the United States. Kha\ld ro•e< Page of Guanlanamo Review Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; Subsection of Evaluation Worksheet containing the Task Force's candid assessment of identifiable threa:t(s) potentially posed by detainee to· the n:attonar security of the United States. Muhammed ISN:SA-335 Jawad Jabber Cover Page of Guantanamo Reviev1 Task force Evaluation Worksheet; Subsection of Evaluation Worksheet !SN: lZ*433 FBI: 1.4 (c) (WIP) 7 Eva.!uation Worksheet; Sadkhan containing the Task Force's candid FBI: {7)(C) (WIP) 3 u.s.c. DOD: 1.4 (a), (b), 1000:.SO § IDOJ: DPP(WIF) (c), (d), {g] (WIP} 3024[i){l); 10 U.S.C. § 424 (WIP) FBI: 1A {c) (WIP} FBI: SD U.5.C. § 3024(i)(l) (WIP) DOD: 1.4 (c) {WIP) rBJ: SD U.S.C. § 3D24(i}(l) (WIP) !°OJ: OPP (WIF) DOD(WIP) FBI: (7)(C) (WIP) FBl(WIP) l°OD{WIP) 'FBI: (7)(C),(E} (WIP) FBI (WIP) FBI: l.4 (c}(WIP) g DOD: 1.4 (c) (WIP) I u.s.c. FBI; SD § 3D24(i}(l) (WIP) j°OJ: OPP {Wlf) l°OD(WIP) 'FBI: (7)(C),(D) (WIP) FBI (WIP) FBI: 1.4 (c)IWIP assessment of identifiable: threat(s) potentially posed by detainee: to the national :security of tl'te United_ States, WP SECRET,l/Sl//QRGOPJ/fNQFQRN 045 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 101 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-10 Filed 03/27/17 Page 11of20 +OP SECRR'/ISJ,!/Ql'lOOPJ//NQFQRPl Yasin Mohammed Cover Page of Guantanamo Review Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; Subsection of Evaluation Worksheet containing the Task Force's candid assessment of identifiable threat(s) potentially posed by detainee to the national security of the United States. 4 Cover Page of Guantanamo Review Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; I Subsection of Evaluation Worksheet containing the Task Force's candid I :assessment of idcntlfiable threat("s} potentially posed by detainee to the natlonal security of the United States-. 9 Ashraf Salim Abd Cover Page of Guantanamo Review al¥Salam· Sultan Task Force Evaluation Work:shee-t; I /SN: lY-263 Subsection of Evatuation Worksheet containing the Task Force's candid assessment of identifiable threat(:sj I potentiaTiy posed by detainee to the national security of the U_nitcd States. 6 Basardah /SN: YM-iS2 Omaf Hamzavavich Abdu!ayev ISN: Tl-257 Abd·al-Nlsr Khantumani /SN: SY-307 Muhammad Khantuman1 !SN: SY-312 rBI: 000: 1.4 (b), (c), 50 U.5.C. § IDOJ: OPP {W/F) Id) (WIP) 3024(1)[1) [WIP) I IDOD(WIP) IFBI: [7)(CJ (WIPJ IFBl IWIPJ FBI: 1.4 (c) (WIP) rover Page of Guantanamo Review !FBI: (7J[CJ,[E) (WJP) 1000: 1.4 {b), (c), IOOO:SO U.S.C. § IOOJ: OPP (WIF) {d) {WIP) 3024(1)11) (WIPJ IFBl{WIP) IFBI: (?)IC) (WIPJ l'Bl{WIP) )'(WIP) 8' (7}(C),(E) IFBI: L4 (c)(WIP) IFBI: 50 U.S.C. § 3024(1)(1) [WIP) 8 I IFBJ(WIP) IFBt 1.4 {c) {WIP) T024(i){1) {WIPJ IDOJ: DPP(WJFJ IFBl(WIPJ IFBI: l7JIC),(EJ {WIP) IFBI: 1.4 (CJ {WIP) TOP SEGllET//Sll/<:lRGONf/NOFOllll 046 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 102 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-10 Filed 03/27/17 Page 12 of 20 +oP S"RE:rl-/.SIJ/QROON//PIQFQRN Mo:ammar Badawi Dokhan Cover Page of Guantanamo Review ISN: SY-317 Subsection of Evaluation Worksheet contalningthe Task Force's CJndid assessment of identlfiable threat(s) potentially posed by detainee to the natio·nal security of the United States, Mustafa Faraj Muhammad Masud al~Jadid al Uzaybi ISN: LY-10017 s Task Force Evaluation Worksheeti ISN: 50-10023 Moharnedou Ould Slahl ISN: MR·760 3024(i)(l) {WIP) FBI (WIP) fBI: (7)(C) {WIP) 3024(i}(!) (WIP) Cover Page of Guantanamo Review 5 Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; I Subsection-of £valuation Worksheet contvi-n1ng the Task Fort:e's candid I asses>ment :Of ldentlfiable thr~t(s/ potentially pose.d by detainee to the national security of the United States. 1000: 1.4 (c) IFBI: 50 U.5.C. § 3024j;)(1) (WlP) jOOJ: OPP {WIF) IFBl(WIP) !FBI: (7){C) IWIP) FBI: 50 U.S.C § 3024[;)(1) (WIP) jDOJ: OPP (WIF) /DOD(WIP) !DOD: 7(A) (WIP) I IF81[WIP) IFBI (7){A),(8),(c) IDOJ: OPP {WIF) IFBI IWIP) !FBI: l7)(CJ{WIP) 'DOD: 1.4(a), (b), SO u.s.c. § IDOJ: OPP (WIF) le), Id), lg) (WIP) 3024(;)(1) {WIP) IFBl(WIP) IFS!: (7)(C) (WIP) IWIP) !FBI: 1.4 lc) IWIPJ 4 Subsec:Hon of EvatLiatton: Works:heet cornalnlng the Task Force's-candid asse~sment ,of identifiable threat{s) potentlal!y posed by detainee to the national security of the United States. Guleed Hassan DOD: 50 us.c.• IDOJ: OPP (WIF) (WIP) FBI: 1.4 (c)(WIP) IFSI: 50 U.S.C. § Ali abd a'! Aziz A!I :cover Page of Guantanamo Review ISN: PK-1001& Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; Ahmed DOD; L4(c) DOD: 1.4 {c) (WIP) FBI: 1.4 (c) (WIP) I Cover Page of Guantanamo Revlew Tas;k force Evaluation Worksheet; Subsection of Evaluation Wo·rksheet containlng the Task Force's candid I assessment -of identifiable thrcat(s) potentlatty posed by detainee to the national_security Qfthe United States. 9 Cover Page ofGuantan;;imo Review Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; Subsectlon of Evaluation Worksheet containing the Task Force's candid assessment of identiftable threat(s) I potentia1typosed by detainee to the national security-of the United States. 9 I 'DOD: 1.4 (c) (WIP) r l : 50 u.s.c § 3024(1){1) (WIP) (WIPJ IFBI: 1.4 (c) (\VIP) 10000 FBI: 1.4 (<) IWIP) 1 rl: 50 u.s.c. § 3024(i)(l) (WIP) T-OP SE,Rt:T//-Sl//.QRGOPJHPlGFQRfiJ 047 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 103 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-10 Filed 03/27/17 Page 13 of 20 WP SliCAiT/·}Sl{/ORCON//P~QFQRN Muhammad Cover Page of Gtiantanamo Review Rahim Task Force Evaluation Worksheet; !SN: AF-10029 Subsection of Evatuation Worksheet 10 containing the Task Force's candid assessment of identifiable threat{s) potentially posed by detainee to the national security of the United States. Abdullah! Sudi Ara le Cover Page of Guantanamo Review Task Force Evaluation Worksh-eet; !SN: 50·10027 Subsection of Eval'uation Worksheet DOD: 1.4 (b), (c), 1000:50 U.S.C. § \DOJ: DPP (WIF) (d) (WIP) 3D24(1}(1) (WIP) \FBI (WIP) FBI: (7)(C) (WIP) !FBI (WIP) FBI: (7)(C),(D),(E) I (WIP) FBI: 1.4 (c) (WIP) \FBI: SD U.S.C. § 3024(i)il) (WIP) 19 DOD: 1.4 (b), (cj, (d) (WIP) containing the Task Force's candid 1000, SO u.s.c. § IDOJ: OPP (WIF) 3024(;)(1) (WIP) FBI: 1.4 {c) (WIP) !FBI: 50 U.S.C. § assessment of identifia'ble threat{.s) potentially posed by detainee to the 3D24(i)(l) (WIP) national security of the United States. Adi Hadi alJazairil:Cover Pa.ge of Guantanamo Re11iew Bin Hamlill !SN: AG·l452 10 Task Force Evaluation· Worksheet; Subsectlon of Evalu.ation Worksheet containing the Task Force's candid 000: 1.4 (a), (cJ, OOJ: DPP{WIF) IOOD {WIP) DOD: 1.4 (a), (c). IDOD: SO U.S.C. § \DOJ' OPP (WJFI (g) (WJP) 3024(i)ll) (WIP) !DOD (WIP) (g)(WIP) 1 assessment of identifiable threat(s} potentially posed by detainee to the national security of the Unlted States. Mahud Salem Al~ ICover Page of Guantanamo Review Mohammed Task For<:e Evaluation Worksheet; \SN: SV~S37 Subsection of Evaluation Worksheet containing the Task Fon::e's candid assessment of identifiable threat{s) 9 FBI: (7)(C),(E) (WIP) FBI (WIP) FBI: 1.4 (c)(WIP) jFBI: 50 U.S.C. § 3D24(;)(1J (W!PJ potentially posed by detainee to the national security of the United States. TOP SECR ET/,41//QRt;;OPJ//NQ F'.ORPI 04B Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 104 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-10 Filed 03/27/17 Page 14 of 20 'l'QP S"RE+Nol,t.fQRGQPINPIQFQRPI ShawqiAwad ISN:YM·B38 s Cover Page of Guantanamo Review Task force· Evaluation Worksheet; Bulzuhair FBI: SO U.S.C. § 3024(i)!l) (WIP) DOJ: OPP (WIF) FBI (WIPJ FBI: (7J(C) (WIP) DOD: 1.4 (a). (c). IFBI: SO U.S.C.§ (g) (WIP) 3024(il(!J (WIPJ IDOJ: OPP (WIF) IDOD(WIP) !FBI: (7)(C) (WIPJ Task Force Evatuati·on Worksheet; Subsection of Evaluation Workshe:et containing the Task Force's candid I IFBl(WIP) FBI: 1.4 (c) (WIP) Subsection of Evaluatlon Worksheet ,,containing the Task Force's candid I assessment o-fidentifiab!ethreat{s} potentially posed by detainee to the nationaJ·securlty of the United States. Bashir Nasir A!i Al·Mar.valah Cover Page of Guant.inamQ Review ISN: YM·S37 000: 1.4 (a), (c), (&HWIP) I FBI: 1.4 (c) (WIP) 6 assl!ssment of identlfiable threat{s) potentially posed by detainee to the national secuiity of the United States. Said Stenttally posed by detainee 10 the natfonsecution. 1 Sl'!CR:Efb'NOFOR:lq UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 113 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-7 Filed 03/27/17 Page 3 of 16 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE --SEGRE-T//NeFGRNGuantanamo Review Dispositions Country of Origin Name ISN Final Dispositions as of January 22, 2010 Decision AF 10028 lnayatullah AF 10029 Muhammad Rahim AG 238 Nabil Said Hadjarab AG 288 Mut!a Sadiq Ahmad Sayyab Transfer outside the United States to a country that will implement appropriate security measures, The Revlew Panel recommends transfer AG 290 Ahmed Bin Saleh Bel Bacha Transfer outside the United States to a country that will implement appropriate securlty measures. The Review Panel recommends transfer AG 310 Djame! Saiid Ali Ameziane Transfer outside the United Stales to a country that wlll Implement ap ropriate security measures. The Review Panel recommends transfer AG 311 Saild Farhl AG AG 533 685 Transfer outside the United States to a country that will implement appropriate security measures. The Review Panel recommends transfer to Algeria. Transfer to Algeria subject to appropriate security measures. AG AG 694 744 AG AG 1452 Adi Hadi al Jazairi Bin Hamlili 10001 Bensayah Belkecem AG 10002 Sabir Lahmar AG 10005 Lakhdar Boumedlene AJ 89 Polad Sabir Oglu Slrajov CA CD 766 269 Omar Khadr Mohammed El Gharani CH CH CH CH CH CH 102 103 201 219 250 275 Nagid Mohammed Arkin Mahmud Ahmad Tourson Abdul Razak Hassan Anvar Yousef Abbas CH 277 Bahtiyar Mahnut Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Conllnued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war, subject to further review by the Principals prior to the detainee's transfer to a detention facility In the United States. Transfer outside the United States to a country that will Implement appropriate security measures. The Review Panel recommends transfer to • to· • to • to • HasanZamiri Said b!n Brahlm bin Umran Baku sh Sufyian Barhoumi Referred for prosecution. Referred for prosecution. Transfer outside the United States to a country that will Implement appropriate security measures. The Review Panel recommends transfer to Algeria. Aziz Abdul Naji Transfer to Algeria s·ubject to appropriate security measures. Transfer outside the United States to a country that wlll implement were specifically appropriate security measures. r~U identified as the appropriale optrons. Transfer outside the United States wit-riate security assurances (potential destination countries include • • Transfer outside the United Stales with appropriate security assurances (potential destination countries include ~ Transfer outside the United Stales to a country that wlll Implement appropriate security measures. Referred for prosecution. res~€ment Transfer outside the United Slates with appropriate security assurances (potential destinallon countries include Chad). Transfer or release outside the United States. Transfer or release outside the United States. Transfer or release outside the Uriited Stales. Transfer or release outside the United States. Transfer or release outside the United States. Transfer to the United Stales, or transfer or release outside the United States. Transfer or release outside the United States. 2 SEGRETHNOF9RN UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 114 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-7 Filed 03/27/17 Page 4of16 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE -$-ECRE'fHNSFSRNGuantanamo Review Dispositions Country of Origin Decision Name ISN Final O!sposltlon.s as of January 22, 2010 CH 278 Abdul Helfl Mamut Transfer to the United States, or transfer or release outside !he United CH 280 Sa!dullah Khalik Transfer to the Uniled States, or transfer or relep;se outside the United CH Abdul Rahman Transfer or release outside the United States. CH 281 282 Hajiakbar Abdul Ghuper Transfer to the United Stales, or transfer or release outside the United States. CH 285 Ja!lal Adin Abd Al Rahman Transfer lo the United States, States. CH 289 Dawut Abdurehim CH 295 Eman Abdulahat Transfer to the United States. or transfer or release outside- the United States. Transfer to the United States, or transfer or release outside the Unlled Slates. CH 320 Huza!fa Parhat States. Stales. or transfer or release outside the United Transfer to the United States, or transfer or release outside the United States. Transfer or release outside the United States. CH 328 Ahmed Mohamed Yaqub CH 584 Adel Noori Transfer or release outside the United States. EG 190 Sherif Fall Ali Al Mishad Transfer outside the United States to appropriate security measures. EG 369 Adel Fattough Ali Algazzar Transfer outside the United States to a country that will implement appropriate security measures. EG 535 1458 Tariq Mahmoud Ahmed Al Sawah Referred for prosecution. ET GZ 10016 Zayn al-lbldin Muhammed Husayn Referred for prosecution. Blnyam Mohammed a country that will implement Transfer to the United Kingdom. ID 10019 Encep Nurjaman (Hambali) Referred for prosecution. IZ 433 Transfer outside the United States to a country that will implement app~opriate security measures. Possible destlnation countries Include Iraq. !Z 10026 Nashwan abd al-Razzaq abd al· Baqi (Hadi) Referred for prosecution. KE 10025 Mohammed Abdul Mallk Bajabu Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Mltltary Force (2001), as Informed by principles of the laws of war. KU 213 Khalid Adullah Mijshad al-Mutayri Transfer lo a country outside the United States that will Implement appropriate security measures. This decision is made in accordance with a court order In this detalnee's habeas case. The Review Panel recommends transfer to Kuwait fa (b) (5) KU 232 Fawzi Khalid Abdullah Fahad A! Odah Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. KU 551 Fouad Mahmud Hasan Al Rabia Pursuant to a court order in this detafnee's habeas case and the government's decision not lo appeal, transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement appropriate security measures. KU 552 Faez Mohammed Ahmed Al· Kandari Conlinued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as Informed by principles of the laws of war. Jawad Jabber Sadkhan KU 10024 Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Referred for prosecution. LE 722 Transfer to a country outside the United States that will Implement appropriate security measures. Jlhad Deyab 3 SEGRETl1'l0FORN- UNCLASSIFl ED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 115 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-7 Filed 03/27/17 Page 5of16 UNCLASS/FIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE -sEeRE'f//N6F0m.iGuantanamo Review Dispositions Country of Origin ISN Final Dispositions as of January 22, 201 o Decision Name LY 189 Sa fem Abdu Salam Ghereby Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement appropriate security measures. Ashraf Salim Abd al-Salam Sultan Transfer outside the United Slates to a country that will Implement appropriate security measures. Abdul Hamid Salam A!-Ghlzzawi Transfer outside the United Slates to a country that will Implement appropriate security measures. Omar Khalif Mohammed Abu Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as Informed by principles of the laws of war. Baker Mahjour Umar Ismael Ali Faraj All Bakush Continued detention pursuant to !he Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as Informed by principles of the laws of war. Abdul Rauf Omar Mohammad Transfer outside the United States to a country that will implement Abu Al-Quisin appropriate security measures (including any necessary«Dll!J LY 263 LY 654 LY 695 LY 708 LY 709 LY MO 10017 Mustafa Faraj Muhammad Masud al-Jadid al-Uzaybi 197 Younis Abdurrahman Chekkour! MO 244 Abdul Latif Nasir Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of MUltary Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. MR MR MY MY PK PK PK PK PK RS SA 757 760 10021 10022 1094 1460 1461 10018 10020 702 42 Ahmed Abdel Aziz Mohamedou Ould S!ahl Mohd Farik bin Amin Bashir bin Lap Saiful!ah P;;iracha Abdul Rabbanl Mohammed Rabbani Ali abd al Aziz All Transfer to • subject to appropriate security measures, Referred for proSecut!on. Referred for prosecution. Referred for prosecution. Referred for prosecution. Referred for prosecution. Referred for prosecution. Referred for prosecution. Referred for prosecution. Referred for prosecution. Majid Khan Ravi! Mingazov Abd Al Rahman Shalbl Isa Uwaydah Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Miiitary Force (2001), as informed by pr!ncfples of the laws of war. Transfer outside the United States to a country that will implement appropriale security measures (Including any necessaryl!Dl.W SA 49 Aasmi Matruq Mohammad Assami SA SA 63 Mohamed Mani Ahmad at Kahtani Referred for prosecution. 195 Mohammed Abd Al Rahman Al Shumrant SA 200 Saad Muhammad Husayn Qahtani SA 239 Shaker Aamer Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Mmtary Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. 4 SEGREl'llNOFORtl UNCLASSIFIEDl/FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 116 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-7 Filed 03/27/17 Page 6 of 16 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ---SEeRE'fl/NOFORN-·Guantanamo Review Dispositions Country SA Name !SN of Origin 331 Final Dispositions as of January 22, 2010 Decision Ayman Muhammad Ahmad Al Shurfa Transfer outside the United States to a country that will implement appropriate security measures. The Review Panel recommends transfer to SA 335 Khalid Muhammed SA 669 Ahmed Zayid Salim Al Zuhayri SA SA 682 Abdullah Al Sharbi Referred for prosecution. 687 Abdul Aziz Karim Transfer to Saudi Arabia (b)(5) SA SA 696 713 Jabran al Qahlanl Referred for prosecution. Mohammed Al Zahrani SA SA SA SA 768 Ahmed Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Miiitary Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Referred for prosecution. 1456 Hassan Bln Attash so so (b) (5) Al~Darbi Transfer to Saudi Arabia subject to appropriate security measures and further disposition in accordance with Saudi law. Referred for prosecution. 10011 Mustafa Ahmad al Hawsawi Referred for prosecution. 10015 Mohammed a! Nashiri Mohammad Sulayman Barre 567 Transfer to Somali!and subject lo appropriate security measures. 10023 Guleed Hassan Ahmed Referred for prosecution. Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war, subject to further review by the Principals prior to lhe detainee's transfer to a detention facility in the United S1ates. 10027 Abdullahi Sudi Arale 36 Ibrahim Othman Ibrahim Idris SU 54 Mohammed Ahmed Referred for prosecutlon. SU 707 307 Noor Uthman Muhammed Referred for prosecution. SY Transfer outside the United States to a country that will Implement Abd-a!-Nlsr Khantumanl appropriate security measures. SY 312 Muhammad Khan1umani SY 317 Moammar Badawi Dokhan SY 326 Ahmed Adnan Ahjam Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement appropriate security measures. SY 327 Ali Hussein Muhammed Shaban Transfer outside the United States to a country that will Implement appropriate security measures. SY 329 SY 330 Transfer outside the United States to a country that will Implement appropriate security measures. Transfer outside the United States to a country lhal will implement appropriate security measures. Possible destination countries Include Abd Al Hadi Omar Mahmoud Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement Faraj appropriate security measures. Abdah Muhammad Masum Transfer lo a country outside the United States tha! will implement appropriate security measures. SY 489 Abd Al Rahim Abdul Razaq Janka- Transfer outside the United States to a counlry that will implement appropriate security measures (poss ble destination countrles include and ' 5 SEORETHNOFORN UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 117 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-7 Filed 03/27/17 Page 7of16 UNCLASSIFIEDl/FOR PUBLIC RELEASE --sECRE'fl/NeFeRNGuantanamo Review Dispositions Country SY Name !SN of Origin 537 Final Dispositions as of January 22, 2010 Decision Mahud Salem AJvMohammed Transfer to a country outside the United States that wm implement appropriate security measures. TS 257 38 Omar Hamzayavich Abdulayev Ridah Bin Saleh al Yazidi TS 46 Saleh Bin Had! Asasl TS 148 Adil Mabrouk Bin Hamlda TS 168 Adel Al Hakeemy TS 174 Hasham Bin AU Omar Sliti TS 502 Abdul Bin Mohammed Abis Ourgy Transfer outside the United States to a country that will implement appropriate securily measures. TS 510 Barhuml Riyadh Bin Muhammad Tahir Bin Lakhdir Nasri Transfer outside the United Stales to a country that will implement appropriate security measures. The Review Panel recommends that the detainee be transferred to (b)(1 ), (b (5) rs 717 Hedi Ben Hedil! Hammami TS 892 Rafiq Bin Bashir Bin Ja!ud A! Hami Transfer outside the United States to a country that wHI Implement appropriate securi1y measures. Transfer outside the United States to a country that wilt imple1nent TS 894 Abdullah Bin Ali Al Lufti Tl Transfer to Tajikistan subject to appropriate security measures, Transfer outside the United States lo a country that will intplement appropriate security measures. Transfer outside the United Slates lo a country that will Implement appropriate security measures. Transfer outside the United States to a country that wlll Implement appropriate security measures. Transfer to a country outside the United States that wlll implement appropriate security measures, including possible prosecution. The Review Panel notes thatllllan~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the tline of the closure uantanamo, !he detainee wm be reconsidered for transfer lo Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United States. Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Militmy Force (2001), as informed by principles of !he laws of war. O~ YM 31 Mahmud Abd Al Aziz Al Mujahid YM 32 Faruq Ali Ahmed Transfer to a country outside the United States that wlll implement appropriate security measures. YM 33 Mohammed At-Adahl YM 34 Al Khadr Abdallah Muhammad A! Yafi At this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, condltional detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred lf the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabllilaUon program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its abillty to@~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the lime of the closure ::uantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United States. Transfer to a country outside the Unlted Slates that will implement appropriate security measures. YM 35 Idris Ahmad Abd Al Qadir Idris YM 37 Abdel Malik Ahmed Abdel Wahab Continued detentlon pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. A! Rahabi Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement appropriate security measures. 7 -----'SB3REffltleF6RN UNCLASSIFIEDl/FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 119 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-7 Filed 03/27/17 Page 9of16 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE -SECRE'ftlNOFORN-Guantanamo Review Dispositions Country Name ISN of Origin Final Dispositions as of January 22, 2010 Decision YM 40 Abdel Qadir Al-Mudafar! At this time, given the current securily situation In Yemen, condltlona! detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to[t.Q~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the closure : uantanamo, the detainee wlll be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third counlry, or a detention facllily in the United States. YM 41 Majid Mahmud Abdu Ahmed YM 43 Samfr Naji Al Hasan Moqbil Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. At this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, conditional detention pursuant to the Authorization for u.se of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or third-country resettlement optlon becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to[t!J~ or mitigate any lhreat they pose. At the time of the c!osurec:uantanamo, the detainee will be reconsldered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility In the United States, YM 44 Muhammed Rajab Sadiq Abu Ghanim Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. YM 45 Ali Ahmad al-Rahlzi Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by prfnciples of the laws of war, subject lo further review by the Principals prior to the detainee's transfer to a detention facility in the United States, YM 88 Adham Mohamed Ali Awad YM 91 Abdel Al Saleh At this Uine, given the current securlty situation in Yemen, conditional detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001}, as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, !he detainee may be transferred If the security situation Jn Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated Its ability tottiJI~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the lime of the closure or uantanamo, the detainee wm be reconsidered for transfer lo Yemen, a third country, or a detention facil!ty In the United States. At this lime, given the current security situation In Yemen, conditional detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by prlnclples of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitatlon program or thlrd-country reselt1ement option becomes available, or.Yemen has demonstrated its ability tofl!J~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the closurC:;uantananlo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United Slates. 8 SESRElWNOFORN UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 120 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-7 Filed 03/27/17 Page 10of16 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE --SCCRE'TliN6F6RN-Guantanamo Review Dispositions Country of Origin ISN YM 115 YM 117 Name Final Dispositions as of January 221 2010 Decision Abdul Rahman Mohammed Saleh At this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, cond!Uonal Nasir detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as Informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred If the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabllltation program or thlrd·country resettlement option becomes avaUable, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to[@I~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the closuiea: uantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United States. Mukhtar Anaje At this time, given the current security situation rn Yemen, conditional detention pursuant lo lhe Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilllaUon program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated Its abJ/lty to{~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the closure uantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United State$. Ghaleb Nassar Al Bihani Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Mi!ltary Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws ofwac 0 YM 128 YM 131 Salem Ahmad Hadl Bfn Kanad Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as Informed by principles of the laws of war. YM 152 Asim Thahit Abdullah Al-Kha!aqi YM 153 Fayiz Ahmad Yahia Suleiman Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement appropriale security measures. Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement appropriate security measures. YM 156 Adnan Farhan Abd Al-Latif YM 163 YM 165 Adil Said Al Haj Ubayd AlBusayss YM 167 Ali Yahya Mahdi YM 170 Sharaf Ahmad Muhammad Mas'ud Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement appropriate security measures, taking Into account any necessary mental health treatment. Khalid Abd A! Jabbar Muhammad Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement Uthman Al Qadasi appropriate security measures. At this lime, given the current security situation in Yemen, conditional detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by prlnciples of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or thlrd--country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to(UJ~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the closu= uantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United States. At this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, conditional detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Miiitary Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation !n Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or third-country resetuernent option becomes available, or Yemen has demonslrated its ability to{(!)~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the closu=uantanamq, the detainee wlll be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention fac!lity ln the United Slates. Transfer to a country outside the United Stales that will implement appropriate security measures. 9 SEORE'FNNOFORt; UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 121 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-7 Filed 03/27117 Page 11of16 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ---SEeREll/NOi'ORN-- Final Dispositions as of January 22, 201 O Guantanamo Review Dispositions Country of Origin ISN YM 171 YM 178 YM 202 YM 223 YM 224 YM 233 Decision Name Abu Bakr ibn All Muhammad al Ahdal At this tfme, given the current security situation in Yemen, conditional detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by prlnciples of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or thlrd~country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to[t:J~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the closure: uantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United States. At this time, given the current security situation Jn Yemen, conditional Tariq Ali Abdullah Ba Odah detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the Jaws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or thfrd~country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to(©J~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the closure;: uantanamo, the detainee wm be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United States. Mahmoud Omar Muh<,'lrnmad Bin At this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, conditional detention pursuant lo the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as Atef informed by prlnclptes of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated Its ability to[t!]~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the closure 0 uantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a t_hlrd country, or a detention facility in the United Stal€!SAt this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, conditional Abd al-Rahman Sulayman detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to(@~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the closureouantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facl!lty In the United States. Abd Al-Rahman Abdullah All Transfer to a country outside the United States that will lmp!ement appropriate security measures. Shabati Abd a!~Razaq Muhammed Salih At this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, condltlona! detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or YCmen has demonstrated its ability to[@~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of uantanamo, the detainee wlll be reconsidered for transfer the closure to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facllity Jn the United States. Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Miiitary Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war, subject to further review by the Principals prior to the detainee's lransfer to a detention facility in the United Slates. T YM 235 Saeed Ahmed Mohammed Abdullah Sarem Jarabh 10 SEGRETllNOFORN UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 122 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-7 Filed 03/27/17 Page 12of16 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE -SEeRE'f~N6FORN---­ Final Dispositions as of January 22, 2010 Guantanamo Review Dispositions Country of Origin YM ISN 240 Decision Name Abdallah Yahya Yusil Al Shlbll At this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, condllional detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by prtnciples of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen ha~ demonstrated !ts ability t o ! n - - or mitigate any threat lhey pose. At the time of c!os~uantanamo, the the detainee wfll be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in !he United States, Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as Informed by principles of the laws of war. YM 242 Khalid Ahmed Qaslm YM 249 Muhammed Abdullah Al Hamiri YM 251 Muhammad Said Salfm Bin Salman YM 252 Yasin Mohammed Basardah YM 254 Muhammad AH Husayn Khanayna Transfer to a country outside the United States that wm implement appropriate security measures. YM 255 Said Muhammad Salih Halim Transfer to a country outside the United States that will itnplement appropriate security measures. YM 256 Riyad Atiq Ali Abdu Al-Haj YM 259 Fadhel Hussein Saleh Hentif YM 321 Ahmed Yaslam Said Kuman YM 324 YM 434 Mashur Abdullah Muqbif Ahmed Al-Sabri Mustafa Abd al-Qawi Abd al-Aziz al-Shamiri Transfer to a country outside the United Slates that will Implement appropriate securily measures. Transfer to a country outside the United States that wm Implement appropriate security measures. At this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, cond!Uonal detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Militaiy Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws ofY1ar. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to[(!)~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the closureo uantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United States. Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of M!lltary Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Miiitary Force {2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Transfer to a country outside the United States that wlll lmp!ement appropriate security measures. At this lime, glven the current security situation In Yemen, conditional detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated Its ability to[@~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the lime of the closure O:uantanamo, the detainee w!ll be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a lhird country, or a detention facility in the United States. 11 SEGRET/iliOFORN UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 123 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-7 Filed 03/27/17 Page 13of16 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE -SE!3REfl/N0FeRN- Final Dispositions as of January 22, 2010 Guantanamo Review Dispositions Countty of Origin ISN YM 440 YM 441 YM 461 YM 498 Name Decision At this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, conditional detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Miiitary Force (2001), as informed by prlnc!ples of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen Improves, an appropriate rehabUftation program or lhird-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to[~ or mitigate any threat they pose. Al the time of the closufeOuantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United States. Abdul Rahman Ahmed Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as lnfonned by prlnciples of the raws of war. Al this lime, given the current security siluat.ion In Yemen, conditional Abd al Rahman a\-Qyati detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Miiitary Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred lf the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilita!ion program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to{(!}~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the closu;ec; uantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility In the United States. Mohammed Ahmen Said Haider At this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, conditional detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehab!fitat!on program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated Jts abiUty tc{t:)~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the Guantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United States. Mohammed Khalid Salih al-Dhuby At this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, conditional detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Milftary Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred If the security situation In Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or lhlrd-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to@~ or mltlgate any threat they pose. At the time of the closure uantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United States. Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force Salman Yahya Hassan (2001), as Informed by principles of the laws of war. Mohammad Rabei'l Muhammad Ali Abdallah Muhammad Bwazir closure~ YM 506 0 YM 508 YM 509 Mohammed Nasir Yahi Khussrof Kazaz YM 511 Su!alman Awath Silaiman Bln Agell Al Nahdl At this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, conditional detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by prlnclples of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation In Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability toW)~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the closure: uantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility In the United States. Transfer to a country outside the United States that will Implement appropriate securlly measures. 12 SEGRET./ll'leFGRPI UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 124 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-7 Filed 03/27/17 Page 14of16 UNCLASSIF/ED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE SECRE-TllN6FORNGuantanamo Review Dispositions Country of Origin ISN Final Dispositions as of January 22 1 2010 Decision Name YM 522 YM 549 YM 550 YM 553 YM 554 YM 564 YM 566 YM YM 570 YM 572 YM 574 Hamood Abdulla Hamood YM 575 Saa'd Nasser Moqbil aJ-Azani YM 576 Zahar Omar Hamis bin Hamdoun Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Mllltary Force {2001), as Informed by principles of the laws of war, subject to further review by the Principals prior to the detainee's transfer to a detention facility In the United States. YM 577 Jamal Muhammad A!wai 569 Yassim Qasim Mohammed lsmall Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force Oasim (2001), as Informed by prfnclp!es of the laws of war, subject to further review by the Principals prior to the detainee's transfer to a detention facility in the United States. Umar Said Salim Al-Dini At this time, given !he current security situation in Yemen, conditional detention pursuani to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen Improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to[©~ or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the closureo uantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United States. At this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, condi!Jonal Walid Said bin Said Zaid detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstraled its abl!ity totmle1 or mitigate any threat they pose. At the lime of the closure or Guantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility In the United States. Transfer to a country outside the United States thai Wfn implement Abdul Khafed Al-Baydal'll appropriate security measures. Fahrni Sa!em Said Al-Asani Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement appropriate security measures. Jalal Salam Awad Awad Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement appropriate security measures. Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement Mansour Mohamed Mutaya Ali appropriate security measures. Referred for prosecution. Suhayl Abdul Anam al Sharabi Transfer to~ subject to appropriate security measures. Sabri Muhammad Ibrahim alQurashi Salah Mohammad Saith al~Dhabi Transfer outside the United States to a country that will implement appropriate security measures. subject to appropriate security measures, Transfer lo • including part1c1pal1on in the • • Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement appropriate security measures. Transfer to a country outside the United Stales that wm implement appropriate security measures. 13 SECReTl!MOFORN UNCLASS/FIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 125 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-7 Filed 03/27/17 Page 15of16 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE --SECRs://N-OFSRt~­ Final Dispositions as of January 22, 2010 Guantanamo Review Dispositions Country of Origin ISN Name Decision YM 578 Abdul al-Aziz Abduh Abdullah Ali Al Suwaydi YM YM 627 Ayman Saeed Abdullah Batarfi At this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, conditional detention pursuant to lhe Authorization for Use of MH!tary Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred ff tho security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitatlon program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to(ij)~ or mitigate any threat they pose, At the lime of the closure 0 uantanamo, the detainee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a delentlon facllity In the United States. Transfer to Yemen subject to appropriate security measures. 679 Yaslr Ahmad Ali Muhammad Taher Transfer outside the United States to a country that wiU Implement appropriate security measures. The Review Panel recommends transfer YM 680 Emad Abdallah Hassan Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement appropriate security measures. YM 681 YM 683 Mohammed Mohammed Hasan A! Transfer to a country outside the United States that will Implement Odaini appropriate security measures. Transfer to a country outside the United States that wm Implement Fayyad Yahya Ahmed al Ram! appropriate security measures. YM 686 YM 688 YM - 689 YM 690 YM 691 YM 692 A!la All Btn Ali Ahmed Transfer outside the United Slates to a country that will Implement appropriate security measures. The Review Panel recommends the detainee be transferred to (b)(1), (b)(5) YM 728 Abdul Muhammad Nassir al~ Muhajari At this time, given the current security situation in Yemen, conditional detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of M!li!ary Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation In Yemen improves. an appropriate rehabllltatfon program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to~ or mitigate any threat they pose. Al !he time of the closuTe013uantanamo, the detainee wi!I be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United States. to (b)(1), (b)(5 Transfer to a country outside the United Slates that will implement appropriate security measures. Fahrni Abdullah Ah1ned al-Tawlaqi At this time, given !he current security situation in Yemen, conditional detention pursuant to the Aulhorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by princlptes of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or lhird-country reselt!ement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to~ or miligate any threat they pose, At !he time of the closUf80Guantanamo, the detalnee will be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United States. Mohammed Ahmed Salam Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement appropriate security measures. Abdul Al Oader Ahmed Hassain Transfer lo a country outside lhe United Slates that will Implement appropriate security measures. Muhammad Ali Salem Al Zarnuki Transfer to a country outside the United States that will implement appropriate security measures. Abdel Ghaib Ah1nad Hakim 14 SliiCREiTllNOFORN,.__. UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 126 of 129 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 26-7 Filed 03/27/17 Page 16of16 UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE -SEeRETllN0F6RNGuantanamo Review Dispositions Country of Origin ISN Name Flnal Dispositions as of January 22, 2010 Decision YM 836 Ayub Murshid AU Sallh Continued detentlon pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force {2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war, YM 837 Bashir Nasir Ali Al-Marwalah Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as Informed by prlncfples of the laws of war. YM 838 Shawqi Awad Balzuhair Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as Informed by prlnclptes of the laws of war. YM 839 Musab Omar All Al-Mudwani Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Miiitary Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. YM 840 Hail Aziz Ahmed Al-Maythali Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as Informed by prlnclples of the laws of war. YM 841 Said Salih Said Nashir Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. YM 893 Tawfiq Nasir Awad Af-Bihanl At this time, given the current security situation Jn Yemen, conditional detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force (2001), as informed by principles of the laws of war. Before the closure of Guantanamo, the detainee may be transferred if the security situation in Yemen improves, an appropriate rehabilitation program or third-country resettlement option becomes available, or Yemen has demonstrated its ability to[DJlfg or mitigate any threat they pose. At the time of the closure :;uantanamo, the detainee wm be reconsidered for transfer to Yemen, a third country, or a detention facility in the United States. YM 1015 Husayn Salim Muhammad alMatari Yafai Transfer to a country outside the United Slates that will implement appropriate security measures, ·taking into account any necessarymJ YM 1017 Omar Mohammed AH A!-Rammah Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Miiitary Force {2001). as informed by principles of the laws of war, subject to further review by the Principals prior to the detainee's transfer to a detention facility in the United States. YM YM YM 1453 1457 Sanad Al Kazimi Referred for prosecution. Sharqawi Abdu Ali Al Hajj Referred for prosecution. 1463 Abd Al-Salam AINHilah Continued detention pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Miiitary Force (2001), as Informed by principles of the laws of war, subject to further review by the Principals prior to the detainee's t.ransfer to a detention facility in the United Stales. YM YM 10013 Ramzi Bin Al Shlbh 10014 Walld Mohammed Bin A1tash Referred for prosecution. Referred for prosecution. 15 SE:CRETllNOFORN UNCLASSIFIED//FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Case Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 127 of 129 ATTACHMENT Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 128 of 129 The Exemptions from disclosure discussed in this Decision & Order are: • Exemption 1-5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(l), which exempts from disclosure "matters that are ... (A) specifically authorized under criteria established by an Executive order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or foreign policy and (B) are in fact properly classified pursuant to such Executive order." • Exemption 5-5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(5), which exempts from disclosure "inter-agency or intraagency memorandums or letters that would not be available by law to a party other than an agency in litigation with the agency." Courts have interpreted Exemption 5 to encompass common-law privileges against disclosure such as the deliberative process privilege which covers documents reflecting advisory opinions, recommendations and deliberations comprising pati of a process by which governmental decisions and policies are formulated." Nat'] Council of La Raza v. Den't of Justice, 411F.3d350, 356 (2d Cir. 2005). • Exemption 7(B)-5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(7)(B), which exempts from disclosure "records or information compiled for law enforcement purposes, but only to the extent that the production of such law enforcement records or information ... would deprive a person of a right to a fair trial or an impartial adjudication." • Exemption 7(D)-5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(7)(D), which exempts from disclosure "records or information compiled for law enforcement purposes, but only to the extent that the production of such law enforcement records or information ... could reasonably be expected to disclose the identity of a confidential source, including a State, local, or foreign agency or authority or any private institution which furnished information on a confidential basis, and, in the case of a record or information compiled by criminal law enforcement authority in the C-1 Case 1:16-cv-06120-RMB Document 49 Filed 09/29/17 Page 129 of 129 course of a criminal investigation or by an agency conducting a lawful national security intelligence investigation, information furnished by a confidential source." • Exemption 7(E)-5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(7)(E), which exempts from disclosure "records or information compiled for law enforcement purposes, but only to the extent that the production of such law enforcement records or information ... would disclose techniques and procedures for law enforcement investigations or prosecutions, or would disclose guidelines for law enforcement investigations or prosecutions if such disclosure could reasonably be expected to risk circumvention of the law." *** C-2