TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project Supplemental Environmental Report for the Nebraska Reroute Prepared for: TransCanada Keystone Pipeline LP 717 Texas Street, Suite 2400 Houston, Texas 77002 Prepared By: exp Energy Services Inc. 1300 Metropolitan Blvd. Tallahassee, Florida 32303 Document Number KXL-TAL-1005-002 Date Submitted September 5, 2012 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 1! 1.0! Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1! 1.1! Background and Overview ........................................................................................................ 1! 1.2! Purpose and Need for the Project ............................................................................................. 5! 1.3! Federal Approval Process and Authorizing Actions .................................................................. 5! 1.4! Permits and Relationship to Non-federal Policies, Plans, and Programs ................................. 6! 1.5! Public Participation .................................................................................................................... 8! 2.0! Proposed Alternatives ........................................................................................................ 9! 2.1! Proposed Action ........................................................................................................................ 9! 2.1.1! Project Description and Location .................................................................................. 9! 2.1.2! Nebraska Route Location ........................................................................................... 10! 2.1.3! Ancillary Facilities Summary....................................................................................... 11! 2.1.4! Land Requirements .................................................................................................... 12! 2.1.5! Pipeline ROW ............................................................................................................. 12! 2.1.6! Additional Temporary Workspace Areas .................................................................... 12! 2.1.7! Pipe Stockpile Sites, Railroad Sidings, and Contractor Yards ................................... 12! 2.1.8! Construction Camp ..................................................................................................... 13! 2.1.9! Access Roads ............................................................................................................. 14! 2.1.10! Pump Stations ............................................................................................................ 14! 2.1.11! Construction Procedures ............................................................................................ 15! 2.2! No Action Alternative ............................................................................................................... 30! 2.3! Nebraska Route Alternatives ................................................................................................... 30! 2.3.1! Northern Alternative.................................................................................................... 31! 2.3.2! Clarks Alternative ....................................................................................................... 37! 2.3.3! Western Alternative .................................................................................................... 37! 3.0! Affected Environment of Nebraska Reroute...................................................................... 43! 3.1! Climate and Air Quality ............................................................................................................ 43! 3.1.1! Climate........................................................................................................................ 43! 3.1.2! Air Quality Regulatory Requirements ......................................................................... 43! 3.2! Air Quality Regulatory Requirements ...................................................................................... 43! 3.3! Soils ......................................................................................................................................... 44! 3.3.1! Summary Soil Characteristics .................................................................................... 45! 3.4! Geology ................................................................................................................................... 51! 3.4.1! General ....................................................................................................................... 51! 3.4.2! Shallow Bedrock ......................................................................................................... 51! 3.4.3! Seismic Considerations .............................................................................................. 52! 3.4.4! Geologic Hazards ....................................................................................................... 52! 3.4.5! Paleontological Resource ........................................................................................... 53! 3.5! Water Resources ..................................................................................................................... 54! 3.5.1! Surface Water............................................................................................................. 54! 3.5.2! Water Quality .............................................................................................................. 56! 3.5.3! Groundwater ............................................................................................................... 56! 3.5.4! Water Supplies and Wells .......................................................................................... 61! 3.5.5! Floodplains ................................................................................................................. 65! 3.5.6! Wetlands and Riparian Areas ..................................................................................... 66! 3.6! Terrestrial Vegetation .............................................................................................................. 67! 3.6.1! Vegetative Types ........................................................................................................ 67! 3.6.2! Biologically Unique Landscapes or Ecoregions ......................................................... 70! 3.6.3! Sensitive, Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plant Species ................................... 72! 3.6.4! Noxious and Invasive Weeds ..................................................................................... 73! iii TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 3.7! Wildlife and Fisheries .............................................................................................................. 73! 3.7.1! Terrestrial Wildlife Species ......................................................................................... 73! 3.7.2! Big Game Species ...................................................................................................... 73! 3.7.3! Small Game Species .................................................................................................. 74! 3.7.4! Nongame Species ...................................................................................................... 74! 3.7.5! Federal and State Protected Species......................................................................... 74! 3.7.6! Migratory Birds ........................................................................................................... 75! 3.7.7! Aquatic Resources ..................................................................................................... 78! 3.7.8! Sensitive Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Species ..................................................... 80! 3.8! Land Use ................................................................................................................................. 81! 3.8.1! Land Ownership and Use ........................................................................................... 81! 3.8.2! Developed Land/Residential/Commercial Areas ........................................................ 83! 3.8.3! Grassland/Rangeland/Agriculture .............................................................................. 83! 3.8.4! Wetlands and Waterbodies ........................................................................................ 83! 3.8.5! Recreation and Special Interest Areas ....................................................................... 83! 3.8.6! Noise ......................................................................................................................... 85! 3.8.7! Visual Resources ........................................................................................................ 86! 3.9! Cultural Resources .................................................................................................................. 86! 3.10! Social and Economic Conditions ............................................................................................. 89! 3.10.1! Socioeconomics ......................................................................................................... 89! 3.10.2! Population and Employment....................................................................................... 89! 3.10.3! Income ........................................................................................................................ 90! 3.10.4! Infrastructure .............................................................................................................. 90! 3.10.5! Public Services and Facilities ..................................................................................... 91! 3.10.6! Fiscal Relationships.................................................................................................... 92! 3.11! Public Safety ............................................................................................................................ 93! 3.11.1! Operations and Maintenance ..................................................................................... 94! 3.11.2! Emergency Response ................................................................................................ 96! 4.0! Environmental Consequences.......................................................................................... 98! 4.1! Assumptions ............................................................................................................................ 99! 4.2! Guidelines ................................................................................................................................ 99! 4.3! Proposed Action .................................................................................................................... 100! 4.3.1! Air Quality ................................................................................................................. 100! 4.3.2! Geology, Minerals, and Paleontology....................................................................... 100! 4.3.3! Soils ....................................................................................................................... 101! 4.3.4! Water Resources ...................................................................................................... 103! 4.3.5! Vegetation ................................................................................................................ 104! 4.3.6! Wildlife, Aquatic Resources, and Sensitive Species ................................................ 105! 4.3.7! Land Use and Aesthetics.......................................................................................... 106! 4.3.8! Cultural Resources ................................................................................................... 107! 4.3.9! Socioeconomics ....................................................................................................... 108! 4.3.10! Public Health and Safety .......................................................................................... 109! 4.4! Environmental Consequences Summary .............................................................................. 113! 5.0! Environmental Impact Summary..................................................................................... 115! 6.0! Electric Power Lines ....................................................................................................... 119! 7.0! Keystone XL Project Glossary ........................................................................................ 121! 8.0! References ..................................................................................................................... 129! iv TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 List of Appendices Appendix A Pipeline Aerial Route Sheets............................................................................... A-1! Appendix B USGS Location Pipeline Route Sheets ............................................................... B-1! Appendix C NDEQ Feedback Matrix ...................................................................................... C-1! Appendix D Route Change Figures ........................................................................................ D-1! Appendix E Summary of Soils ................................................................................................ E-1! Appendix F Water Resources ................................................................................................ F-1! Appendix G Noxious Weeds .................................................................................................. G-1! Appendix H Keystone Construction/Reclamation Plans and Documentation.......................... H-1! Appendix I Wildlife .................................................................................................................. I-1! Appendix J Nebraska SHPO Correspondence (Confidential) .................................................. J-1! Appendix K Cultural Resource Survey Reports (Confidential) ................................................ K-1! Appendix L CMRP ..................................................................................................................L-1! Appendix M Emergency Generator Air Permit Exemption Letter ............................................M-1! Appendix N Crude Oil Fact Sheets......................................................................................... N-1! List of Figures Figure ES-1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................... 6! Figure 1.1-1 Proposed Keystone XL Project Route .................................................................... 4! Figure 2.1-11 Typical Pipeline Construction Sequence ............................................................ 18! Figure 2.3-1 Northern Alternative ............................................................................................. 39! Figure 2.3-2 Clarks WHPA Alternative ..................................................................................... 40! Figure 2.3-3 Western WHPA Alternative .................................................................................. 41! Figure 3.3-1 Severe Wind Erodible Soils.................................................................................. 49! Figure 3.3-2 Valentine Soils ..................................................................................................... 50! Figure 3.5-1 Subwatershed Hydrologic Units .......................................................................... 55! Figure 3.5-2 Minimum Depth to Groundwater .......................................................................... 58! Figure 3.5-3 Maximum Depth to Groundwater ......................................................................... 59! Figure 3.5-4 Wellhead Protection Areas within One Mile.......................................................... 63! List of Tables Table 1.4-1 Nebraska Permits, Licenses, Approval, and Consultation Requirements ................ 6! Table 2.1-1 Summary of Lands Affected .................................................................................. 10! Table 2.1-2 Counties Crossed by the Keystone XL Project ...................................................... 11! Table 2.1-3 Known Intermediate Mainline Valve Locations ...................................................... 11! v TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Table 2.1.4 Potential Nebraska Construction Camp Permit Table............................................ 14! Table 2.1-1! Minimum Pipeline Cover ....................................................................................... 17! Table 2.1-6 Waterbodies Crossed Using the Horizontal Directional Drilling Method.................. 26! Table 2.1-7 Nebraska Construction Spreads............................................................................ 30! Table 2.3-1 Nebraska Preferred Alternative Route Changes Between April and August 2012 ......................................................................................................... 32! Table 2.3-2 Comparison of Significant Alternative Routes........................................................ 34! Table 2.3-3 Slope Characterizations ........................................................................................ 36! Table 3.3-1 Soil Characteristics of Concern for Potentially Affected by Project Construction and Operation (Miles)....................................................................... 46! Table 3.3-2 Soil Characteristics of Concern Potentially Affected by Project Construction and Operation (Acres)...................................................................... 47! Table 3.4-1 Physiographic Provinces in Nebraska ................................................................... 51! Table 3.4-2 Nebraska Landslide Incidence and Susceptibility along the Proposed Project .................................................................................................................. 52! Table 3.4-3 Geologic Units with Moderate to Very High Paleontological Sensitivity within the Project Area in Montana, South Dakota, and Nebraska ......................... 53! Table 3.5-1 Locations with Shallow Groundwater along the Preferred Alternative Route .................................................................................................................... 60! Table 3.5-2 Identified Private Wells within 100 Feet of the Preferred Alternative Route Centerline ............................................................................................................. 62! Table 3.5-3 Wellhead protection areas within 1 mile of the Preferred Alternative Route Centerline ............................................................................................................. 64! Table 3.5-4 Areas with High Risk of Flooding Crossed by the Project...................................... 66! Table 3.5-5 Wetlands Crossed by the Preferred Alternative Route........................................... 67! Table 3.6-1 Miles of Vegetative Communities Crossed by the Project ROW............................ 68! Table 3.6-2 Estimated Impacts on Vegetation Communities of Conservation Concern Occurring along the Proposed Project Route ........................................................ 68! Table 3.6-3 Native Grassland Type and Quality in Nebraska ................................................... 72! Table 3.6-4 Noxious Weeds Found Along the FEIS Portion of the Preferred Alternative Route .................................................................................................. 73! Table 3.7-1 Keystone XL Pipeline ! Nebraska Threatened and Endangered Species Range ................................................................................................................... 76! Table 3.7-2 Game Fishery Classification along Route.............................................................. 78! Table 3.7-3 Surface Water Classification for Nebraska ............................................................ 80! Table 3.8-1 Surface Ownership Crossed by the Proposed Project........................................... 82! Table 3.8-2 Land Use Crossed ................................................................................................ 82! Table 3.8-3 Land Use Impacts (Acres) ..................................................................................... 83! vi TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Table 3.8-4 Recreation and Special Interest Areas Crossed by the Project.............................. 84! Table 3.10-1 Potentially Affected Communities along the Project - Nebraska .......................... 89! Table 3.10-2 Socioeconomic Conditions in Affected Counties.................................................. 90! Table 3.10-3 Housing Assessment for Counties along the Preferred Route ............................. 91! Table 3.10-4 Existing Public Services and Facilities along Preferred Alternative Route ........... 92! Table 3.10-5 Estimated Property Taxes from Keystone XL Construction ................................. 92! Table 3.11-1 Physicochemical Properties of Various Crude Oils.............................................. 95! Table 5-1 Impact Summary .................................................................................................... 115! vii TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms AHPA ARG ARPA ATWA BGEPA bgs BA bbl BCC bgs BLM BMP CFR CMRP CSD CRP CWA dBA deg DEQ DNR DOR DOS EIS EO ERP ESA FEIS FEMA FHA FSA HCA HDD IMLV Archaeological and Historic Preservation Act American Research Group, Ltd Archeological Resources Protection Act Additional Temporary Workspace Area Bald and Gold Eagle Protection Act below ground surface Biological Assessment Barrel Birds of Conservation Concern below ground surface Bureau of Land Management best management practice Code of Federal Regulations Construction, Mitigation, and Reclamation Plan Conservation and Survey Well Database Conservation Reserve Program Clean Water Act decibels on the A-weighted scale Degree Department of Environmental Quality Department of Natural Resources Department of Revenue Department of State Environmental Impact Statement Executive Order Emergency Response Plan Environmental Species Act Final Environmental Impact Statement Federal Emergency Management Agency Federal Highway Administration Farm Service Agency High Consequence Area horizontal directional drill Intermediate main line valve viii TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 IMP LB 4 LB 1161 Ldn Leq LUCL LRP M MBTA mg/l mi MLV MOU MP NAGPRA NE NEDEQ/NDEQ NEDNR or DNR NeHBS NEPA NGPC NHPA NFO NPDES NPPD NRCS NREC NRHP NSHS NTSB OCC OPS PEM PFO PFYC PHMSA Integrity Management Plan Legislative Bill 4 Legislative Bill 1161 day-night sound level equivalent sound level Land Use/Land Cover Low Revegetation Potential meter Migratory Bird Treaty Act milligrams per liter mile main line valve Memorandum of Understanding Mile Post Native America Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Nebraska Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality Nebraska Department of Natural Resources Nebraska Historic Building Survey National Environmental Policy Act Nebraska Game and Parks Commission National Historic Preservation Act of 1986 Non-significant Fossil Occurrences National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Nebraska Public Power District Natural Resources Conservation Service National Rural Electric Cooperative National Register of Historic Places Nebraska State Historical Society National Transportation Safety Board Operations Control Center Office of Pipeline Safety palustrine emergent wetland palustrine forested wetland Potential Fossil Yield Classification Pipeline Hazardous Material Safety Administration ix TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 PMP PRB PS PSS PWS R-EMAP ROW RWBC RV SCADA sec SEIS SER SFL SFW SHPO SPCC SPP SSURGO SWPA T&E TSS TWAs USA USACE USDA USDOT/DOT USEPA USFWS USGS WEG WHPA WRP Pipeline Maintenance Program Power Review Board Pump Station Palustrine Scrub Shrub Wetland Public Water Supply Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program Right-of-Way Rainwater Basin Complex Recreational Vehicle Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition section Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement Supplemental Environmental Report Significant Fossil Locales State Fire Marshal State Historic Preservation Officer Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure Southwest Power Pool Soil Survey Geographic Database Source Water Protection Area Threatened and Endangered Species Total suspended Solids Temporary Workspace Areas Unusually Sensitive Area U.S. Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Department of Transportation U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Geological Survey Wind Erodibility Group Well Head Protection Area Wetland Reserve Program x TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Executive Summary This Supplemental Environmental Report (SER) is filed with the Nebraska Department of "#$%&'#()#*+,-./+,%*0-123".4-+5-*6)-#)7*-5*)8-%#-*6)-9*+*):5-&)$%);-'<-+-8&'8'5)=-&)&'/*)-')05*'#):5-'#?'%#?-)<<'&*-*'-())*-%*5-@'((%*()#*-*'-+==&)55-*6)9*+*):5-@'#@)-&)?+&=%#?-*6)-&'/*)-'<-*6)-8%8),%#)A-In response to feedback received, the SER updates the preferred alternative route of the Keystone XL Pipeline around the Sandhills in Nebraska. As shown in Figure ES-1 and discussed below, the updated route passes through portions of Keya Paha, Boyd, Holt, Antelope, Boone, Nance, Merrick, Polk, York, Fillmore, Saline and Jefferson Counties. The SER also provides updated information regarding proposed construction in Nebraska and responds to requests for additional information about the project from the NDEQ in the Feedback Report the agency issued on July 17, 2012. The SER provides information to allow NDEQ to conduct an analysis of the environmental, economic, social, and other impacts associated with the proposed route and route alternatives in Nebraska as allowed by state statute (Nebraska Statutes, Sec. 57-1503). Background In September 2008, Keystone filed an application with the DOS for a Presidential Permit authorizing the construction and operation of the proposed Keystone XL Pipeline Project at the U.S.-Canada border crossing location in Montana. Upon receipt of that application, DOS led a comprehensive, three-year environmental review of all aspects of the original Keystone XL Project. The environmental review culminated August 26, 2011 with the release of the Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) for the Keystone XL Project. This review was the most detailed and comprehensive environmental review ever undertaken for a cross border crude oil pipeline. B6)- C"D9- @'#@,/=)=- *6+*- EF*G6)- +#+,05%5- '< potential impacts associated with construction and normal operation of the proposed Project suggests that there would be no 5%?#%<%@+#*-%(8+@*5-*'-('5*-&)5'/&@)5-+,'#?-*6)-8&'8'5)=-H&'I)@*-@'&&%='&JK. (FEIS at p.3.15-1). In November 2011, the DOS determined that, in order to make the required National Interest Determination with respect to the original Keystone XL Pipeline Project, it was necessary to ________________________ 1 B6)-3".-(+0-E"$+,/+*)-+#0-&'/*)-<'&-+#-'%,-8%8),%#)-;%*6%#L-*6&'/?6-'&-+@&'55-*6)-5*+*)-+#=-5/M(%**)=-M0-+-8%8),%#)carrier for the stated purpose of being included in a federal agency's or agencies' National Environmental Policy Act &)$%);-8&'@)55AK12)M&+5N+-9*+*/*)5L-9)@A-OP-1503.) ES-1 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 conduct an in-depth assessment of potential alternative routes that would avoid the Sandhills region in Nebraska. Despite the successful completion of the NEPA review process, which found that Keystone could be safely constructed and operated as proposed, Keystone agreed to reroute the proposed project in Nebraska, in response to public concerns, to move it outside the Sandhills. Because the route had been reviewed and approved by DOS, Montana, and South Dakota, the entry point of the project in Nebraska and the terminus of the project at Steele City would not change. Subsequently, the Nebraska Legislature created a framework for the State review of proposed routes of major oil pipelines. As a result, the NDEQ was authorized to review the proposed reroute of this Project in the State of Nebraska and to coordinate with federal agencies in the preparation of a Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement on the proposed reroute. To fulfill its responsibilities, NDEQ developed a process for the review, providing opportunities for public input and complying with the statutory requirements that were developed by the Legislature. In December, NDEQ issued an ecoregion map created by state and federal agencies delineating the Sandhills area. Keystone then developed corridors for the reroute in Nebraska that avoided the Sandhills, as delineated by NDEQ. In April, Keystone submitted a report assessing those alternative route corridors and proposing a preferred alternative route corridor. The preferred route corridor was selected to avoid the Sandhills while balancing other routing and constructability criteria. Upon receipt of Keys*'#):5-Q8&%,-&)&'/*)-&)8'&*, DEQ posted the document online and initiated an extensive public review process, which included informational meetings on the proposed reroute corridors, as well as a process for submitting written comments to the agency. In July 2012, after reviewing Keystone:5- April reroute &)8'&*- +#=- 5*/=0%#?- *6)- 8/M,%@:5comments, the NDEQ provided a Feedback Report to Keystone that included a summary of public and agency comments on the proposed reroute. This SER responds to the NDEQ Feedback Report, as well as additional feedback received from stakeholders and information gathered during >)05*'#):5- further on-the-ground evaluations. The SER identifies a revised preferred alternative route that includes a number of minor route refinements and three significant route alternatives. While the proposed pipeline can be built and operated safely on the previously identified corridor, these modifications are responsive to feedback received and further reduce impacts of construction and operation. The three more significant route alternatives are discussed below. Northern Alternative As noted, in December 2011, the NDEQ defined the areas characterized as Sandhills that Keystone was to avoid. Nonetheless, numerous comments from landowners and further consideration by the NDEQ suggested that there are other areas that exhibit similar ES-2 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 characteristics to the Sandhills, even though they are outside of the area delineated by NDEQ. These areas include fragile sandy soils similar to the Sandhills. The previously identified route corridor is constructible using the successful and commonly used techniques for construction in sandy soils and areas of shallow groundwater tables. However, in response to *6)-23".:5-<))=M+@N-+#=-@'(()#*5-&)@)%$)=L->)05*'#)-=)$)loped the Northern Alternative to avoid these features. This preferred alternative, compared to the April 2012 preferred route corridor, is depicted in Figure 2.3-1. Clarks Alternative During the public comment period, and through NDEQ review, commenters expressed concern that the April 2012 preferred route corridor would cross an area up-gradient of the Clarks Wellhead Protection Area (WHPA) and where the depth to groundwater is shallow. The well ;%*6%#- *6)- RSHQ- %5- *6)- 5'/&@)- '<- *6)- *';#:5- ;+*)&- 5/88,0A- This section of the April 2012 preferred route incorporated the route that was included in the 2011 FEIS. The NDEQ Feedback Report suggested that Keystone consider routing the pipeline down gradient of the well head protection area (WHPA) for the town of Clarks. These comments were made notwithstanding that the WHPA is modeled to provide a 20 year protection buffer around the well intake, and that the FEIS route was approximately 1.70 miles outside of the WHPA buffer boundary. In response to the feedback received, Keystone has developed an alternative route ! the ET,+&N5- Q,*)&#+*%$)K- ! to the east of the town of Clarks, in order to locate the pipeline downgradient of the WHPA. The Clarks Alternative places the pipeline 3.50 miles down-gradient (east) of the WHPA boundary. Western Alternative After the FEIS was published in August, 2011, a new WHPA was established for the city of Western that extended further west, overlapping the FEIS route. Although PHMSA allows pipelines like Keystone to cross WHPAs with special precautions and although Keystone will implement such precautions across the Project, Keystone examined an alternative to move the route west, out of the WHPA. The alternative is depicted in Figure ES-1 and 2.3-3. Response to Requests for Additional Information B6)- 23".- C))=M+@N- U)8'&*- 5/((+&%V)=- *6)- 8/M,%@- @'(()#*5- &)@)%$)=- '#- >)05*'#):5- Q8&%,2012 reroute report. Keystone:5-&)58'#5)5-*'-*6)-5/((+&%V)=-8/M,%@-@'(()#*5, as well as to specific NDEQ comments and questions, are presented in Appendix C of this SER. Many of these questions have been fully addressed previously in the FEIS, which has been incorporated M0-&)<)&)#@)-%#->)05*'#):5-/8=+*)=-H&)5%=)#*%+,-H)&(%*-+88,%@+*%'#A-B6)-C"D9-%5-+$+%,+M,)-'#,%#)at http://www.keystonepipeline-xl.state.gov/ /#=)&- EQ&@6%$)K- +#=- E9*+*)- 3)8+&*()#*3'@/()#*5KA ES-3 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Pipeline Safety The US Department of Transportation (DOT) is mandated to regulate pipeline safety under federal law (Title 49, USC Chapter 601) and does so through the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA). PHMSA is responsible for protecting the American public and the environment by ensuring the safe and secure movement of hazardous materials to industry and consum)&5-M0-+,,-*&+#58'&*+*%'#-('=)5L-%#@,/=%#?-*6)-#+*%'#W5-8%8),%#)5A-B6&'/?6PHMSA, the DOT develops and enforces regulations for the safe, reliable, and environmentally 5'/#=-'8)&+*%'#-'<-*6)-#+*%'#W5-XAY-million-mile pipeline transportation system and the nearly 1 million daily shipments of hazardous materials by land, sea, and air. PHMSA administers the national regulatory program to ensure the safe transportation of hazardous liquids, including crude oil, by pipeline. PHMSA develops regulations that address safety in the design, construction, testing, operation, maintenance, and emergency response for hazardous liquid pipelines and related facilities. PHMSA is responsible for regulations that require safe operations of hazardous liquid pipelines to protect human health and the environment from unplanned pipeline incidents. Pipelines that carry gasoline, diesel fuel, crude oil or other hazardous liquids must implement additional safety measures if they cross a particularly sensitive area such as the WHPA for a municipal drinking water supply. (More information is available in the FEIS, Section 3.13.1.1.) According to the FEIS, the incorporation of the 57 additional safety measures to which Keystone 6+5- @'((%**)=- E;'/,=- &)5/,*- %#- +- H&'I)@*- *6+*- ;'/,=- 6+$)- +- =)gree of safety over any other typically constructed domestic oil pipeline system under current code and a degree of safety along the entire length of the pipeline system similar to that which is required in High Consequence Areas (HCAs) as defined in 49 CFU-Z[OA\O]AK-1C"D9L-9)@A-YAZYAZL-8+?)-YAZY-4.) PHMSA has the legal authority to inspect and enforce any items contained in a pipeline '8)&+*'&W5- 8&'@)=/&+,- (+#/+,- <'&- '8)&+*%'#5L- (+%#*)#+#@)L- +#=- )()&?)#@%)5L- +#=- ;'/,=therefore have the legal authority to inspect and enforce the 57 Special Conditions if the Project is approved. Q@@'&=%#?-*'-2)M&+5N+-,+;L-EF*Ghe Legislature acknowledges and respects the exclusive federal authority over safety issues established by the federal law, the Pipeline Safety Act of 1994, 49 U.S.C. 60101 et seq., and the express preemption provision stated in that act.K-12)MA-U)$A-9*+*A57-1402(2)). Other Changes The Keystone XL Pipeline Project passes through areas with very low density population and a low availability of commercial, temporary housing facilities. In Montana and South Dakota, Keystone has planned to use temporary camps to house workers and minimize adverse impacts of a temporary population increase. In northern Nebraska, conditions are similar, though to a lesser degree. Consequently, Keystone is investigating the possibility of building a temporary T'#*&+@*'&:5- T+(8- %#- #'&*6)&#- 2)M&+5N+- *6+*- ;'/,=- alleviate the lack of short term housing during construction. ES-4 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 In Conclusion B6%5-9"U-%5-@'#5%5*)#*-;%*6->)05*'#):5-@'((%*ment to reroute the project in Nebraska to avoid the Sandhills. In addition, it is responsive to feedback received from the public and from the 23".A-B6)-+#+,05%5-8&)5)#*)=-%#-*6%5-9"U-5/88'&*5-23".:5-&)$%);-+#=-approval of a preferred route in Nebraska. Although the pipeline can be built and operated safely on routes that have already been studied and in many cases for which landowner agreement has already been achieved and easements purchased, Keystone has again agreed to modify its route to accommodate the considerations raised in the State Feedback Report. ES-5 PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ? South Dakota Boyd Keya Paha NORTHERN ALTERNATIVE Knox Cherry Holt Brown Rock Pierce Antelope Wayne Dakota Cedar Dixon Iowa Thurston Blaine Loup Garfield Wheeler Madison Stanton Cuming Burt Boone Valley Custer Greeley Platte Colfax Dodge Nebraska Nance Butler Saunders Sherman Howard Merrick Polk CLARKS ALTERNATIVE Dawson Hall Hamilton Cass York Seward Lancaster Otoe Frontier Fillmore Saline Buffalo Gosper Phelps Kearney Adams Clay WESTERN ALTERNATIVE Furnas Harlan Franklin Webster Nuckolls Thayer Jefferson " Gage Steele City 0 15 30 60 Miles Kansas VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND RE-ROUTE PORTION OF THE PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE ROUTE IN NEBRASKA FEIS PORTION OF PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE ROUTE IN NEBRASKA APRIL 2012 CORRIDOR ORIGINAL FEIS ROUTE STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY KEYSTONE XL PROJECT FIGURE ES-1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (NEBRASKA) TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background and Overview In response to specific concerns raised by the State of Nebraska, TransCanada Keystone Pipeline, LP (Keystone) conducted a study of a number of alternative pipeline routes for the Nebraska portion of its Keystone XL Project (Project) that avoid the Ecological Region of the Sandhills (Sandhills). Nebraska Legislative Bills 4 (LB 4, 2011) and 1161 (LB 1161, 2012) direct the Nebras!"# $%&"'()%*(# +,# -*./'+*)%*("0# 12"0/(3# 45$-16# (+# %."02"(%# 7%38(+*%98# &'+&+8%:# '%'+2(%#(+#&'+./:%#;"*#"*"038/8#+,#(<%#%*./'+*)%*("0=#%>+*+)/>=#8+>/"0#"*:#+(<%'#/)&">(8=?#"*:# (+# ;>+00"@+'"(%# A/(<# "# ,%:%'"0# "B%*>3# +'# "B%*>/%8# "*:# 8%(# ,+'(<# (<%# '%8&+*8/@/0/(/%s and 8><%:20%8#(<"(#A/00#0%":#(+#"*#%,,%>(/.%#"*:#(/)%03#%."02"(/+*C? LB 4 further directs the NDEQ to prepare a Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) to be submitted to the Nebraska Governor who will indicate to the federal agency or agencies involved in the review whether he or she approves the route reviewed in the SEIS. D<%#'%820(8#+,#7%38(+*%98#/*/(/"0#%*./'+*)%*("0#8(2:/%8#,+'#8/E#"0(%'*"(/.%#&/&%0/*%#'+2(% corridors that avoid the areas of the Sandhills were provided to the NDEQ in April 2012 (exp Energy Services Inc., 2012). That initial report also identified a preferred route. The NEDQ conducted a public comment period on that initial preferred route and provided Keystone with a Feedback Report in July 2012. After taking into ac>+2*(# (<%# 5$-198# ,%%:@">!# "*:# +(<%'#public input, Keystone has made refinements to the preferred route. Keystone has prepared this Supplemental Environmental Report (SER), which provides environmental information and analysis in support of the revised preferred alternative route. Figure 1.1-1 depicts an overview of the preferred alternative route in Nebraska relative to the route included in the Department of F("(%98#4$GF6#H/*"0#-*./'+*)%*("0#I)&">(#F("(%)%*(#4H-IF6#/882%:#/*#J2B28(#KLMM. Appendix A and Appendix B provide route maps that present the preferred alternative route on aerial photo sheets and USGS quadrangle maps, respectively. The information provided in this SER will assist the NDEQ in preparing a SEIS for issuance to the Governor as specified in LB 4. Almost three years of studies, analysis, and public consultation was completed for the original Keystone XL Project and is documented in the FEIS issued by DOS in August, 2011. Three portions of the route in Nebraska are unchanged from the route presented in the FEIS (Figure 1.1-1) and, therefore, information pertinent to these portions of the route is referenced from the FEIS because it is still valid for this Project. This also holds true for much of the discussion on resource impacts and mitigation measures that are unchanged from those assessed in the FEIS across the entire preferred alternative route in Nebraska. The reasoning for using the FEIS record is where the same resources are crossed by the preferred alternative route where the assessment and mitigative measures assessed in the FEIS with respect to those resources are still applicable. The preferred alternative route in Nebraska presented in this SER was refined from the April 2012 corridor as a result of comments received from NDEQ in its Feedback Report, landowner and other public comments, field reconnaissance, aerial reconnaissance, review of aerial 1 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 imagery, publicly available environmental data as well as agency supplied environmental data. This comprehensive environmental information is supplemented by field survey data wherever access was available. The level of analysis presented in this SER is, therefore, fully adequate to !"##$%&'()*+,!'%-./-0'123'!-4-5&/$2'$6'1'#%-6-%%-3'%$"&-7 Additional information will be collected once the NDEQ and the Governor in Nebraska select an approved route for the Project. This information will support final engineering and allow for route refinement at the property-specific level as well as identification of the precise location of ancillary facilities. Until a final approved route is selected, it is not feasible to conduct these final aspects of the routing process. The Nebraska SER is arranged into the following sections and covers the following topics: Section 2: A description of the preferred alternative route in Nebraska. This includes a description of the land requirements, the facilities, and construction procedures to build the pipeline and associated facilities. As noted above, a great deal of the information on the pipeline and facility construction and operation is unchanged from the descriptions and assessment in the DOS FEIS, As such, much of the FEIS text is referenced accordingly; Section 3: This section describes the environmental conditions found along the preferred alternative route in Nebraska. The information used to assess the environmental conditions is derived mainly from existing public and agency supplied data, environmental field survey, data where available, available aerial imagery, and existing literature. An assessment of impacts to the existing environmental conditions is based upon methodology used in the DOS FEIS. Many of the resource-specific impacts are the same as those described in the FEIS, and they are so referenced; Section 4: The environmental consequences of building the Project and mitigation measures to offset those impacts are provided in this section. Where resource impacts and the mitigation to address those impacts are unchanged from the FEIS, the applicable information provided the FEIS is referenced in this section. For some resources, specific text from the FEIS is provided in this SER to help the public identify how comments raised in the Feedback Report are addressed; Section 5: A summary of the impacts assessed for the Project, as outlined in Section 3; Section 6: A summary of the process that electric power providers are required to go through to have a power line route approved by the Nebraska Public Utilities Commission. Because the preferred route through the State is being revised, the specific locations of pumping stations must be adjusted to accommodate hydraulic requirements, a process that has not been completed. This requires that power service arrangements be revised as well; new power line routes will not be defined by the power providers and approved until mid-2014; Section 7: A glossary of terms used in the SER; and 2 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Section 8: A collection of references used in the SER. Appendices include mapping of the preferred alternative route on aerial imagery, USGS topographic maps, a matrix responding to the comments provided by NDEQ in its Feedback Report, mapping of the reroutes implemented since the April 2012 filing, and then a series of !"#$%&' "()' *"!+,-%&' .,!/' +%&01+-%' ,(20+*"!,0(' "()' 3%4&!0(%5&' Construction, Mitigation, and Reclamation Plan (CMRP). 3 PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ? South Dakota Boyd Keya Paha Iowa Cherry Holt " PS 22 Knox Cedar Dixon Dakota Pierce Antelope PS 23 " Brown Rock Wayne Thurston Blaine Loup Garfield Wheeler Madison Stanton Cuming Burt Boone Valley Custer Greeley Nebraska Nance Platte Colfax Dodge " PS 24 Butler Saunders Sherman Howard Merrick Polk Dawson Buffalo Hall Hamilton Cass York Seward Lancaster " PS 25 Otoe Saline Frontier Gosper Phelps Kearney Adams Clay Fillmore Gage Furnas Harlan Franklin Webster Nuckolls Thayer Jefferson " PS 26 Steele City 0 15 30 60 Miles Kansas VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND " PROPOSED PUMP STATIONS IN NEBRASKA RE-ROUTE PORTION OF THE PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE ROUTE IN NEBRASKA FEIS PORTION OF PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE ROUTE IN NEBRASKA ORIGINAL FEIS ROUTE STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY KEYSTONE XL PROJECT FIGURE 1.1-1 PROPOSED KEYSTONE XL PROJECT ROUTE (NEBRASKA) TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 1.2 Purpose and Need for the Project The Project will transport crude oil production from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin and the Bakken supply basin in Montana and North Dakota to a point located on the existing Keystone Pipeline system at Steele City, Nebraska, which will allow for the delivery of that production to existing refinery markets on the Texas Gulf Coast. A comprehensive discussion of the Project!" purpose and need can be found in #$%"&'($!")*+%),-)./0.)+11234+&3'()&')567) for a Presidential Permit. 1.3 Federal Approval Process and Authorizing Actions Executive Order (EO) 13337 designates and empowers the U.S. Secretary of State (Secretary) to receive and process al2) +11234+&3'(") 8'9) :9$"3;$(&3+2) 1$9<3&") =>for the construction, connection, operation, or maintenance, at the borders of the United States, of facilities for the exportation or importation of petroleum, petroleum products, coal, or other fuels to or from a foreign country.?) @A6) 0BBBC-) .//,DE) ) 6() 7$1&$%?=1,%0%62-& !"#"$%&'()"*+,' US Corps of Engineers (USACE) = Omaha District -"$./0'1$'21*34&0%0/1*5(4061$/0, ' Section 404, Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 10 Permit (Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899) US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Endangered Species Act Section 7 Consultation, Biological Opinion ()"*+,'(+0/1*' Consider issuance of Section 404 permits for the placement of dredge or fill material in Waters of the US, including wetlands Consider issuance of Section10 permits for pipeline crossings of navigable waters Consider lead agency findings of an impact of federally-listed or proposed species; provide Biological Opinion if the Project is likely to adversely affect federally -listed or proposed species or their habitats. The DOS will reopen Section 7 Consultation with USFWS to evaluate the Nebraska preferred alternative route Consider issuance of permits for the crossing of federally funded highways Review and approve Integrity Management Plan (IMP) for High Consequence Areas (HCA) Review and approve Emergency Response Plan Consider approval of water use and crossing permits for non-jurisdictional waters (implemented through 1#6"'/8'5/ Water Quality Certification Program) Federal Highway Administration (FHA) Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) Crossing Permit 49 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Part 195 49 CFR Part 194 US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Regions VII Section 401, Clean Water Act (CWA), Water Quality Certification 6 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*'&&+%#,"-."&/%,012-3&415%6-%-3&788,9:"$3&"6;&<96-=$2"2196&>%?=1,%0%62-& !"#"$%&'()"*+,' -"$./0'1$'21*34&0%0/1*5(4061$/0, ' Section 402, CWA, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) US Department of Treasury% Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Nebraska Nebraska State Historical Society (NSHS) Section 106, National Historic Preservation Act Review and concurrence of cultural resources reports. DOS will enter into Section 106 consultation with NSHS t evaluate the o Nebraska preferred alternative route. Complete a Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for review bythe Nebraska Governor Consider issuance of certificate for stream and wetland crossings; consult for Section 404 process Consider issuance of permit regulating hydrostatic test water discharge and construction dewatering to waters of the state Treasury Department Order No. 120-1 (former No. 221), effective 1 July 1972 ()"*+,'(+0/1*' Review and issue NPDES permit for the discharge of hydrostatic test water (implemented through Nebra!"#$! Water Quality Certification Program, where required) Consider issuance of permit to purchase, store, and use explosives should blasting be required Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) DEQ, Division of Water Resources Nebraska LB 4 and 1161 Section 401, CWA, Water Quality Certification Excavation Dewatering and Hydrostatic Testing Permit Form NEG6720000 Dewatering Form NEG6721000 Relocation Department of Natural Resources Game and Parks Commission Department of Transportation County Road Departments County and Local Authorities Water Appropriations % Groundwater and Surface Water Consultation Crossing Permits Crossing Permits Pump Station Zoning Approvals, where required Special or Conditional Use Permits, where required Consider issuance of permit to Use Public Waters (for hydrostatic test water or dust control) Consult regarding natural resources Consider issuance of permits for crossing of state highways Consider issuance of permits for crossing of county roads Review under county approval process Review under county appr oval process 7 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 1.5 Public Participation In November 2011, the Nebraska Legislature enacted LB 4, which directs the NDEQ to collaborate with federal agencies in a NEPA review and produce a supplemental EIS for oil pipeline projects within the state. LB 4 further directs the NDEQ to enter into a Memorandum of !"#$%&'("#)"*+ ,-.!/+ 0)'1+ %$2$3("'+ 4$#$%(2+ (*$"5)$&+ 6%)7%+ '7+ 5722(87%(')7"+ ("#+ 5(22&+ 47%+ (+ 94:22+ ("#+5(%$4:2+(*$"5;+("#+6:82)5+%$3)$0<=++>? @@A@+(2&7+#)%$5'&+'1$+BCDE+'7+96%73)#$+7667%':")')$&+ for public %$3)$0+("#+57FF$"'<= As directed in LB 4, the NDEQ entered into an MOU with DOS on May 24, 2012. To provide an opportunity for the public to participate in the review process, the NDEQ held, four information sessions in May 2012 )"+ '1$+ '70"&+ 74+ .GB$)22H+ Beligh, Albion, and Central City to present (2'$%"(')3$+%7:'$+)"47%F(')7"H+$I62()"+BCDEG&+%72$+)"+'1$+%$3)$0+6%75$&&H+("#+%$5$)3$+57FF$"'&<+++ Over 670 people attended the four public meetings. To further include the public in the review process, the NDEQ established a Project website devoted to the Keystone XL Project in Nebraska. The website provides project updates, 8(5J*%7:"#+ )"47%F(')7"+ %$*(%#)"*+ BCDEG&+ %72$+ )"+ '1$+ 6%75$&&H+ ("+ 7"2)"$+ 6%75$&&+ 47%+ '1$+ submission of comments, and a retrieval process for accessing records, documents, and comments relating to the review process. The website also provides access to a self-guided online public information meeting that provides electronic versions of the information that was available at the NDEQ public information meetings held in May, 2012. The NDEQ has also accepted comments through its agency email address. As of June 15, 2012, the NDEQ has received over 900 public comments. In its information gathering effort, the NDEQ had also met with a number of state and federal agencies as well as several private landowners and has conducted reconnaissance from public roads of limited portions of the right-of-way (ROW). In July 2012, in response to KeystoneG&+ initial environmental reroute study and the publicG& comments, and its own assessments, the NDEQ provided a Feedback Report to Keystone that included questions, comments, and requests for further information (NDEQ 2012). The NDEQ summarized all public comments, placed them into 20 categories, and presented them to Keystone within Chapter 5 of the Feedback Report. NDEQ and its contractor also developed questions and information requests, which are contained in Chapters 6 and 7 of the Feedback Report. KeystoneG&+ responses to the summarized public comments and to specific NDEQ comments and questions are presented in Appendix C. After considering all information gathered, the NDEQ will complete a SEIS and submit the document to the Governor who, within 30 days of receipt, will indicate to the federal agencies involved in the review, whether the Governor approves the preferred alternative route reviewed in the SEIS. The DOS is also preparing its own SEIS for the entire Keystone XL Project, which will inform its decision regarding K$;&'7"$G&+L%$&)#$"')(2+L$%F)'+M662ication. 8 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 2.0 Proposed Alternatives 2.1 Proposed Action Keystone proposes to construct and operate a crude oil pipeline along a preferred alternative route in the state of Nebraska, beginning at the South Dakota and Nebraska border and terminating at Steele City, Nebraska. The Nebraska segment will be a part of the Keystone XL Project described in Section 1.2. This SER serves to provide the NDEQ with information to include in a SEIS to be presented to the Nebraska Governor. The FEIS released by DOS on August 26, 2011 continues to function as the operative environmental analysis for the portions of the Nebraska route that remain unchanged since it was issued. The route studied in that !"#$%&'%()*)(()+%,-%&.%,/&'%$"0%1'%2,/)%!"#$%(-3,)45 For the purposes of this report6%7)8',-.)9'%preferred alternative route in Nebraska includes both the portions of the route, which have not substantially changed (referred to as the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route) and the reroute undertaken to avoid the Sandhills (referred to as the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route). This SER will refer to either or both segments, depending on the context and locational specifics discussed. !"#"# $%&'()*+,(-)%./*.&0+102+3&)1*.&0+ The pipeline route in Nebraska, as presented in the FEIS, trended northwest to southeast beginning at the South Dakota and Nebraska border in Keya Paha County, Nebraska and ending at Steele City, Nebraska. The route was modified from the FEIS route to avoid the Sandhills region as defined by the NDEQ. !-::-;&.<% ()=)&>,% -*% ?@"A9'% *))+B1=C% ()>-(,6% Keystone further modified the preferred alternative route to avoid an area of highly wind erodible soils, and two well head protection areas, resulting in the preferred alternative route (Figure 1.11.and (Appendices A and B)). This report contains the new information acquired from the analysis of the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route in Nebraska. The original FEIS route for Nebraska included 254.1 miles of pipe, five pump stations, 13 Main Line Valves (MLV), seven contractor yards, three railroad sidings, eight pipe yards, and 12 access roads. The total preferred alternative route in Nebraska is now 274.45 miles long, of which 208.59 miles comprise the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route. The reroute portion of the preferred alternative route includes three pump stations which are only tentatively sited at this time. There are two pump stations on the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route. The location of PS 26 has not changed and is depicted in Appendices A and B. The location of PS 25 will need to be moved to accommodate the new hydraulic profile of the route in Nebraska. There are currently 32 access roads (private roads) along the reroute portion and 16 access roads along the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route. Additional access roads will be identified once the preferred route is selected. The Project will also include contractor yards, pipe storage yards, and rail sidings. As noted, the precise number and locations of these facilities will be determined when an alternative route is approved. In addition, a construction workers camp may be required in northern Nebraska to avoid occupying 9 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 all of the limited available rental units and hotel rooms in this region of Nebraska during construction. All pigging facilities will be located within pump station yards. Acreages known to date for Project facilities are presented in Table 2.1-1. All Project facilities for which the locations have been selected are depicted on the pipeline route sheets in Appendices A and B. Section 2.1.4 provides a full description of land requirements for the project (approximately 3,968 acres for construction and 1,696 acres for operation). !"#$%&'()*)&&+,--"./&01&2"345&611%78%4& Preferred Alternative Route in Nebraska FEIS portion Facility Land Affected During Construction 1,4 (acres) Pipeline ROW Additional TWAs Pump Stations 5 3 Reroute portion Land Affected During Construction 1,4 (acres) Land Affected During 2 Operation (acres) Land Affected During 2 Operation (acres) !"#$%!& !,$-(& %%$)%& )%$-%& ./0& ./0& 995.51 '(($)*& -$--& %%$)%& -$--& -$--& -$--& 421.26 %+",%$)'& )*-$"(& *#$--& #!$*!& ./0,& ./0 & 3,006.40 , )+%,*$#*& -$--& *#$--& -$--& -$--& -$--& 1,309.54 Access Roads Pipe Stockpile Sites, Rail Sidings, Contractor Yards Construction Camp Totals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he preferred alternative route traverses the counties depicted in Table 2.1-2 .Table 2.1-2 also presents the length of the preferred alternative route in each county. 10 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*'&&+,-./0%1&+2,11%3&/5%&6%41/,.%&78&92,:%;/& Keystone XL Project / Nebraska County Keya Paha Boyd Holt Antelope Boone Nance Merrick Polk York Fillmore Saline Jefferson Total Distance Crossed per County Length (Miles) 16.7 8.45 54.71 43.34 28.28 14.74 7.92 13.86 28.8 14.66 14.85 28.14 12 Counties 274.45 !"#"$ %&'())*+,-.*'()(/(01-2344*+,In addition to the pipeline, Keystone will install and operate above-ground facilities consisting of five pump stations in Nebraska. The pump stations will be located in Holt, Antelope, Nance, Fillmore, and Jefferson counties (Figure 1.1-1). Check valves will be located downstream of major rivers within the pipeline ROW. Also, four known intermediate mainline valve (IMLV) locations have been sited within the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route (Table 2.1-3). The specific locations for IMLVs for the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route have yet to be determined but will be located based on US Department of Transportation (USDOT) regulations and upon the 57 project specific Special Conditions established by the Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA) and the DOS to enhance the overall safety of the proposed Project. !"#$%&'()*<&&6.,=.&>./%2?%30"/%&@"0.$0.%&A"$B%&8,;"/0,.1! "#$%&'(#!)*!+,'-#.&! /'0(&$! !"#$% &$'$% ;<=>% ;<=>% C"DD"=E25&?+):/+&2) Descriptions of Additional Temporary Workspace Area (ATWA) purposes and typical configurations and acreages as provided in the FEIS (Section 2.2.7.1, Table 2.2.7-1, Pages 216 and 2-17) remain accurate for Nebraska. Acreage for ATWAs is provided in Table 2.1-1. Locations of ATWAs in Nebraska are depicted in Appendices A and B. !"#"@ 4.5+)A1;?>5.6+)A.1+2B)*&.6/;&()A.(.'C2B)&'()D;'1/&?1;/)E&/(2) The description of the purposes, siting requirements, and strategies for extra workspace away from the construction ROW as presented in the FEIS (Section 2.2.7.2, Pages 2-17 and 2-18) remains accurate. The exact locations and configurations for pipe stockpile sites, railroad sidings, and contractor yards in Nebraska are yet to be determined and will be finalized once 12 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 the NDEQ and the Governor in Nebraska select a preferred route for the Keystone XL Project. Sites are chosen as close to the proposed route as possible and spaced apart along the route at +/- 30 miles. Suitable sites (level, no structures, not forested), are then environmentally and culturally surveyed. Sites also need to have a minimum of two safe ingress/egress points on allweather county roads rather than busier state highways. . Where practicable, Keystone will seek out sites that have been previously disturbed. Once a site has gone through these steps and is deemed suitable, Keystone works with landowners to develop a temporary easement to use for the period of construction. Siting these ancillary facilities will be finalized once a preferred alternative route has been selected in Nebraska. !"#"$ %&'()*+,)-&'.%/01. The Project traverses part of northern Nebraska that has a very low density population and a lack of commercial, temporary housing facilities. Keystone is investigating the possibility of !"#$%#&'()(*+,-./)/0(1.&*/)2*./34(1),-(at a suitable location in northern Nebraska that would alleviate the lack of short term housing during construction. This would be a completely selfcontained camp with all infrastructures necessary to maintain up to 900 people, about the size of a workforce needed to build and supervise a pipeline spread. Where the Project traverses southern Nebraska, no camp is needed as there appears to be available commercial, temporary housing that can be used by pipeline workers, and that is reasonably close to the work area. The potential camp site would be about 50 - 100 acres in size to accommodate the camp and a contractor yard. The camp size includes space for about 600 beds and 300 recreational vehicles. The camp housing facilities would consist of modular, dormitory-like units that house roughly 28 occupants per unit. Each unit would have independent heating and air-conditioning systems and private restrooms. The camps will be designed to serve as full-service camps with dining facilities, commissary, recreation, an infirmary, laundry facilities, and camp administration areas. Some of the considerations in siting a construction camp are: 1. Locate the camp to potentially leverage existing municipal water and wastewater systems; 2. Be proximate to existing power supplies; 3. Minimize impact to traffic for nearby towns, communities and residences; 4. Be proximate to the mid-point of Spread 8 (See Table 2.1-5) for the Keystone XL Pipeline Project; 5. Avoid impact to threatened and endangered species or other species of concern; and, 6. Minimize the use of artificial lighting. After finding locations that meet these considerations, Keystone would discuss potential arrangements for short term use of the identified site with the landowner. Discussions will also take place with local County/town regarding the potential use of existing water and wastewater systems. 13 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 If Keystone determines that a camp is necessary and subsequently chooses a camp site, any necessary permits will be obtained from the agencies presented in the table below. !"#$%&'()(*&&+,-%.-/"$&0%#1"23"&4,.2-156-/,.&4"78&+%17/-&!"#$%& Permit or Approval Public Water Supply & Distribution System* Wastewater Collection & Treatment System* Notice of Intent (NOI) & Stormwater Protection Plan (SWPPP) Food License Application Building Permits State Fire Marshal Approval Agency Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (NDEQ) NDEQ NDEQ Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services (NDHHS) Local Nebraska State Fire Marshal (NE SFM) *Submittal for Approval requires the submission of a Design Report, Plans and Specifications certified by a Professional Engineer !"#"$ %&&'(()*+,-() The description of access road types and purposes as presented in the FEIS (Section 2.2.7.5, Pages 2-21 through 2-23) remains accurate for Nebraska. Acreage affected by access roads, both during construction and operation, is presented in Table 2.1-1. The locations of the access roads identified for both the FEIS portion and the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route for Nebraska are depicted in Appendices A and B. !"#"#. /012)34,45+6() A total of five pump stations will be constructed on the proposed alternative route in Nebraska (Figure 1.1-1)(PS 22-26). The general description of pump station components and configurations as presented in the FEIS (Section 2.2.1, Pages 2-9 through 2-11), remains accurate for the newly configured Project. Each pump station will have three to five approximate 6,500 horsepower electrically driven pumps. The exact electrical usage will not be known until the final station design and hydraulic engineering can be completed after the preferred alternative route is determined in Nebraska. Appendices A and B depicts the location of PS-26 and the preliminary locations of the four other pump stations. Pump station 26, location in Jefferson County on the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route, is expected to remain in the same location and is described and analyzed in FEIS Section 2.2.1. Keystone is in the process of identifying the exact locations and configurations for pump stations 22-25. Siting the pump stations involves completing a topographic survey of the final route, running hydraulic modeling using the elevation information determined from the topographic surveys, identifying a 5 to 15 acre site near a road that is fairly 14 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 level and undeveloped within 0.25 miles of the location determined by the hydraulic modeling. Keystone then conducts environmental, engineering, and geotechnical surveys to finalize site location and layout. If these steps identify a suitable site, Keystone then enters into negotiations with the landowner for purchase of the property in fee. Keystone will begin this specific siting process once a final route has been determined in Nebraska. !"#"## $%&'()*+(,%&-.)%+/0*)/'The proposed facilities would be designed, constructed, tested, and operated in accordance with all applicable requirements included in the US Department of Transportation (USDOT) regulations at 49 CFR 195, Transportation of Hazardous Liquids by Pipeline, other applicable federal and state regulations, and in accordance with the Project-specific special conditions recommended by Pipeline Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA) and agreed to by Keystone (see Sections 3.2.1 and 3.13.1, and Appendix U of the EIS). These regulations are intended to ensure adequate protection for the public and to prevent crude oil pipeline accidents. Among other design standards, 49 CFR 195 and the Project-specific special conditions specify pipeline material and qualification, minimum design requirements, and protection from internal, external, and atmospheric corrosion. To manage construction impacts, Keystone would implement its Construction Mitigation and Reclamation Plan (CMRP) (Appendix L). This plan contains procedures that would be used throughout the Project to avoid or minimize impacts. Subsections address specific environmental conditions. Procedures to restore impacts to the permanent ROW are described in the CMRP. !"#$%&'(#)*+,$-./00$%#2*/'23$4'2*&'03$526$4'72*#&8#5,7&#$9-%44:$%052$(see FEIS Appendix C) would be implemented to avoid or minimize the potential for harmful spills and leaks during construction. The plan describes spill prevention practices, emergency response procedures, emergency and personnel protection equipment, release notification procedures, and cleanup procedures. Keystone would use Environmental Inspectors on each construction spread. The Environmental Inspectors would review the Project activities daily for compliance with state, federal, and local regulatory requirements and would have the authority to stop specific tasks as approved by the Chief Inspector. The inspectors would also be able to order corrective action in the event that construction activities violate the provision of the CMRP, landowner requirements, or any applicable permit requirements. Mitigation and other measures contained in the Environmental Report would apply to the basic design and construction specifications applicable to lands disturbed by the Project. This approach would enable construction to proceed with a single set of specifications, irrespective of the ownership status (federal versus non-federal) of the land being crossed. On private lands, these requirements may be modified slightly to accommodate specific landowner requests or preferences or state-specific conditions. 15 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 2.1.11.1 General Pipeline Construction Procedures Before starting construction at a specific site, engineering surveys of the ROW centerline and additional TWAs would be finalized and the acquisition of ROW easements and any necessary acquisitions of property in fee would be completed. Pipeline construction generally proceeds as a moving assembly line as shown in Figure 2.1-11 and summarized below. Keystone currently plans to construct the pipeline in 10 spreads. Standard pipeline construction is composed of specific activities, including survey and staking of the ROW, clearing and grading, pipe stringing, bending, trenching, welding, lowering in, backfilling, hydrostatic testing, and cleanup. In addition to standard pipeline construction methods, special construction techniques would be used where warranted by site-specific conditions. These special techniques would be used when constructing across rugged terrain, waterbodies, wetlands, paved roads, highways, and railroads. Normal construction activities would be conducted during daylight hours, with the following exceptions: Completion of critical tie-ins on the ROW may occur after daylight hours. Completion requires tie-in welds, non destructive testing, and sufficient backfill to stabilize the ditch. HDD operations may be conducted after daylight hours, if determined by the contractor to be necessary to complete a certain location. In some cases, that work may be required continuously until the work is completed; this may last one or more 24-hour days. Such operations may include drilling and pull-back operation, depending upon the site and weather conditions, permit requirements, schedule, crew availability, and other factors. While not anticipated in typical operations, certain work may be required after the end of daylight hours due to weather conditions, for safety, or for other project requirements. Survey and Staking Before construction begins at any given location, the limits of the approved work area (i.e., the construction ROW boundaries and any additional TWAs) would be marked and the location of approved access roads and existing utility lines would be flagged. Landowner fences would be braced and cut and temporary gates and fences would be installed to contain livestock, if present. Wetland boundaries and other environmentally sensitive areas also would be marked or fenced for protection at this time. Before the pipeline trench is excavated, a survey crew would stake the centerline of the proposed trench and any buried utilities along the ROW. Clearing and Grading A clearing crew would follow the fencing crew and would clear the work area of vegetation (including crops) and obstacles (e.g., trees, logs, brush, rocks). Standard agricultural implements would be used on agricultural lands and standard machinery used in timber clearing would be used in forested lands (Figure 2.1-11). The amount of top soil stripping would be determined in consultation with the landowner (based on agricultural use) and the NRCS. Full ROW stripping for forested lands would be avoided as practicable. Temporary erosion control 16 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 measures such as silt fence or straw bales would be installed prior to or immediately after vegetation removal along slopes leading to wetlands and riparian areas. Grading would be conducted where necessary to provide a reasonably level work surface. Where the ground is relatively flat and does not require grading, rootstock would be left in the ground. More extensive grading would be required in steep side slopes or vertical areas and where necessary to safely construct the pipe along ROW. Trenching The trench would be excavated to a depth that provides sufficient cover over the pipeline after backfilling. Typically, the trench would be seven to eight feet deep and four to five feet wide in stable soils. In most areas, the USDOT requires a minimum of 30 inches of cover and as little as 18 inches in rocky areas. To reduce the risk of third party damage Keystone proposes to exceed the federal depth of cover requirements in most areas. In all areas, except areas of consolidated rock, the depth-of-cover for the pipeline would be a minimum of 48 inches (Table 2.1-5). In areas of consolidated rock, the minimum depth of cover would be 36 inches. Trenching may precede bending and welding or may follow based on several factors including soil characteristics, water table, presence of drain tiles, and weather conditions at the time of construction. !"#$%&'()*)& +,-,./.&0,1%$,-%&234%5& )"*+$,(-"./*( 0&'#1/23( 48 60 60 60 -"./*(&'(4"#5( 67#$.$%&"'(8*/$2( 0&'#1/23( 36 36 36 48 !"#$%&"'( Most areas All waterbodies Dry creeks, ditches, drains, washes, gullies, etc. Drainage ditches at public roads and railroads 17 sn.- 9` 9 Typ|ca| P|peI|ne Construct|on Sequence F|gure TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Generally, the crews on each construction spread are synchronized with the welding crews for efficiency. The amount of open trench is minimized to the extent possible. When rock or rocky formations are encountered, tractor-mounted mechanical rippers or rock trenchers would be used to fracture the rock prior to excavation. After the pipeline is padded, excavated rock would be used to backfill the trench to the top of the existing bedrock profile. In agricultural land, rocks that are exposed on the surface due to construction activity would be removed from the ROW prior to and after topsoil replacement to an equivalent quantity, size, and distribution of rocks as that on adjacent, undisturbed lands. Clearing of rocks may be carried out with a mechanical rock picker or by manual means, provided that preservation of !"#$"%&'%$'($$)*+,-'."/0'*+1"2+,'3*"1'!4+'.56'7")&,'8+'4()&+,'"33'!4+'&(9,"79+*:$'#*+1%$+$' "*' ,%$#"$+,' "3' "9' !4+' &(9,"79+*:$' #*+1%$+$' (!' (' &"/(!%"9' !4(!' %$' 1)!)(&&;' (//+#!(8&+' !"' !4+' landowner and to Keystone. Topsoil segregation would be based on site-specific circumstances and one of the following procedures would be implemented. Topsoil would be separated from subsoil only over the trench, over the trench and spoil side, or over the full width of ROW. Keystone may also conduct full ROW topsoil stripping in other areas where it is beneficial from a construction stand-point, or where required by landowners or land managers. When soil is removed from only the trench, topsoil would typically be piled on the near side of the trench and subsoil on the far side of the trench. This would allow for proper restoration of the soil during the backfilling process. When soil is removed from both the trench and the spoil side, topsoil would typically be stored on the edge of the near side of the construction ROW and the subsoil on the spoil side of the trench. In areas where the ROW would be graded to provide a level working surface and where there is another need to separate topsoil from subsoil, topsoil would be removed from the entire area to be graded and stored separately from the subsoil. Topsoil would be piled such that the mixing of subsoil and topsoil would not occur. Gaps would be left between the spoil piles to prevent storm water runoff from backing up or flooding. Pipe Stringing, Bending, and Welding Prior to or following trenching, sections of externally coated pipe approximately 80 feet long <(&$"' *+3+**+,' !"' ($' =>"%9!$?@' 7")&,' 8+' !*(9$#"*!+,' 8;' !*)/0' "2+*' #)8&%/' *"(,$' (9,' (&"9A' authorized private access roads to the ROW and placed "*'=$!*)9A?'(&"9A'!4+'.56-' After the pipe sections are strung along the trench and before joints are welded together, individual sections of the pipe would be bent to conform to the contours of the trench by a trackmounted, hydraulic pipe-bending machine. For larger bend angles, fabricated bends may be used. After the pipe sections are bent, the joints would be welded together into long strings and placed on temporary supports. During welding the pipeline joints would be lined up and held in position until securely joined. Keystone proposes to non-destructively inspect 100 percent of the welds using radiographic, ultrasonic, or other USDOT approved method. Welds that do not meet 19 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 established specifications would be repaired or removed. Once the welds are approved, a protective epoxy coating would be applied to the welded joints. The pipeline would then be !"!#$%&'(#)""*+ (',-!#$!.+ &%+ /0!!-!.1+ 2&%+ 2)3"$,+ &%+ 4&"(.)*,+ ('+ $4!+ epoxy coating and visually inspected for any faults, scratches, or other coating defects. Damage to the coating would be repaired before the pipeline is lowered into the trench. In rangeland areas used for grazing, construction activities potentially can hinder the movement of livestock if the livestock cannot be relocated temporarily by the owner. Construction activities may also hinder the movement of wildlife. To minimize the impact on livestock and wildlife movements during construction, Keystone would leave hard plugs (short lengths of unexcavated trench) or install soft plugs (areas where the trench is excavated and replaced with minimal compaction) to allow livestock and wildlife to cross the trench safely. Soft plugs would be constructed with a ramp on each side to provide an avenue of escape for animals that may fall into the trench. Lowering In and Backfilling Before the pipeline is lowered into the trench, the trench would be inspected to be sure it is free of livestock or wildlife, as well as rock and other debris that could damage the pipe or its protective coating. In areas where water has accumulated, dewatering may be necessary to permit inspection of the bottom of the trench. Discharge of water from dewatering would be accomplished in accordance with applicable discharge permits. The pipeline then would be lowered into the trench. On sloped terrain, trench breakers (e.g., stacked sand bags or foam) would be installed in the trench at specified intervals to prevent subsurface water movement along the pipeline. The trench would then be backfilled using the excavated material. In rocky areas, the pipeline would be protected with an abrasion-resistant coating or rock shield (fabric or screen that is wrapped around the pipe to protect the pipe and its coating from damage by rocks, stones, and roots). Alternatively, the trench bottom would be filled with padding material (e.g., sand, soil, or gravel) to protect the pipeline. An estimated 85,000 cubic yards of padding material would be required. No topsoil would be used as padding material. Topsoil would be returned to its original horizon after subsoil is backfilled in the trench. Hydrostatic Testing The pipeline would be hydrostatically tested in sections of approximately 30 miles (with a maximum 50 miles) to ensure the system is capable of withstanding the operating pressure for which it is designed. This process involves isolating the pipe segment with test manifolds, filling the segment with water, pressurizing the segment to a pressure a minimum of 1.25 times the maximum operating pressure (MOP) at the high point elevation of each test section, and maintaining that pressure for a period of 8 hours. Fabricated assemblies may be tested prior to installation in the trench for a period of 4 hours. The hydrostatic test would be conducted in accordance with 49 CFR 195. Water for hydrostatic testing would generally be obtained from rivers, streams and municipal sources in close proximity to the pipeline and in accordance with federal, state, and local regulations. Intakes would be screened to prevent entrainment of fish and intake and discharge 20 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 locations would be determined with construction contractors. Generally the pipeline would be hydrostatically tested after backfilling and all construction work that would directly affect the pipe is complete. If leaks are found, they would be repaired and the section of pipe retested until specifications are met. There are no chemicals added to the test water. The water is generally the same quality as the source water since there are no additives to the water. Water used for the testing would then be returned to the source or transferred to another pipe segment for subsequent hydrostatic testing. After hydrostatic testing, the water would be tested to ensure compliance with the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) discharge permit requirements, treated if necessary, and discharged. The used hydrostatic test water would be discharged either to the source waterbody within the same water basin or to a suitable upland area near the test discharge. To reduce the velocity of the discharge to upland areas, energy dissipating devices would be employed. Energy dissipation devices that are consistent with Best Management Practice (BMP) protocols include: Splash Pup ! a splash pup consists of a piece of large diameter pipe (usually over 20inch outside diameter) of variable length with both ends partially blocked. The splash pup would be welded perpendicularly to the discharge pipe. As the discharge hits against the inside wall of the pup, the velocity would be rapidly reduced and the water allowed to flow out either end. A variation of the splash pup design, commonly called a diffuser, has capped ends and many holes punched in the pup to diffuse the energy. Splash Plate ! The splash plate is a quarter section of 36-inch pipe welded to a flat plate and attached to the end of a 6-inch-diameter discharge pipe. The velocity would be reduced by directing the discharge stream into the air as it exits the pipe. This device would also be effective for most overland discharge. Plastic Liner ! In areas where highly erodible soils exist or in any low flow drainage channel, it is a common practice to use layers of construction fabric to line the receiving channel for a short distance. A small load of rocks may be used to keep the fabric in place during the discharge. Additional methods, such as the use of plastic sheeting or other material to prevent scour would be used as necessary to prevent excessive sedimentation during dewatering. Straw Bale Dewatering Structure ! Straw bale dewatering structures are designed to dissipate and remove sediment from the water being discharged. Straw bale structures could be used alone for on-land discharge of hydrostatic test water or in combination with other energy dissipating devices for high volume discharges. Dewatering filter bags may be used as alternatives to straw bale dewatering structures. Hydrostatic test water would not be discharged into state-designated exceptional value waters, waterbodies which provide habitat for federally-listed threatened or endangered species, or waterbodies designated as public water supplies, unless appropriate federal, state, or local permitting agencies grant written permission. To avoid impacts from introduced species, no inter-basin transfers (discharge) of hydrostatic test water would occur without specific permitting approval to discharge into an alternative water basin. Discharge lines would be securely supported and tied down at the discharge end to prevent whipping during discharge. Hydrostatic testing is discussed further in the CMRP (Appendix L). 21 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Pipe Geometry Inspection The pipeline would be inspected prior to final tie-ins using an electronic caliper (geometry) pig to ensure the pipeline does not have any dents, bulging, or ovality that might be detrimental to the operation of the pipeline. Final Tie-ins Following successful hydrostatic testing, test manifolds would be removed and the final pipeline tie-in welds would be made and inspected. Commissioning After the final tie-ins are complete and inspected, the pipeline would be cleaned and dewatered. Commissioning involves verifying that equipment has been installed properly and is working, that controls and communications systems are functional, and that the pipeline is ready for service. In the final step, the pipeline would be prepared for service by filling the line with crude oil. Cleanup and Restoration During cleanup, construction debris on the ROW would be disposed of and work areas would be final graded. Preconstruction contours would be restored as closely as possible. Segregated topsoil would be spread over the surface of the ROW and permanent erosion controls would be installed. After backfilling, final cleanup would begin as soon as weather and site conditions permit. Every reasonable effort would be made to complete final cleanup (including final grading and installation of erosion control devices) within approximately 20 days after backfilling the trench (approximately 10 days in residential areas), subject to weather and seasonal constraints. Construction debris would be cleaned up and taken to an appropriate disposal facility. After permanent erosion control devices are installed and final grading complete, all disturbed work areas except annually cultivated fields would be seeded as soon as possible. Seeding is intended to stabilize the soil, revegetate areas disturbed by construction, and restore native vegetation. Timing of the reseeding efforts would depend upon weather and soil conditions and would be subject to the prescribed rates and seed mixes specified by the landowner, land management agency, or Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) recommendations. On agricultural lands, seeding would be conducted only as agreed upon with the landowner. Keystone would restore and replace fences where they occur. Keystone would also restrict access to the permanent easement using gates, boulders, or other barriers to minimize unauthorized access by all-terrain vehicles in wooded areas or other previously unfenced areas if requested by the landowner. Pipeline markers would be installed at road and railroad crossings and other locations (as required by 49 CFR 195) to show the location of the pipeline. Markers would identify the owner of the pipeline and convey emergency contact information. Special markers providing information and guidance to aerial patrol pilots also would be installed. 22 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 The ROW would be inspected after the first growing season to determine the success of revegetation and noxious weed control. Eroded areas would be repaired and areas that were unsuccessfully re-established would be revegetated by Keystone or Keystone would compensate the landowner for reseeding. The CMRP (Appendix L) provides information on revegetation and weed control procedures that Keystone would incorporate into the Project. 2.1.11.1 Non-Standard Construction Procedures In addition to standard pipeline construction methods, special construction techniques would be used where warranted by site-specific conditions. These special techniques would be used when crossing roads, highways and railroads; steep terrain; unstable soils; waterbodies; wetlands; and residential and commercial areas. These special techniques are described below. Road, Highway, and Railroad Crossings Construction across paved roads, highways, and railroads would be in accordance with the requirements of the appropriate road and railroad crossing permits and approvals. In general, all major paved roads, all primary gravel roads, highways, and railroads would be crossed by boring beneath the road or railroad. Boring requires the excavation of a pit on each side of the feature, the placement of boring equipment in the pit, and boring a hole under the road at least equal to the diameter of the pipe. Once the hole is bored, a prefabricated pipe section would be pulled through the borehole. For long crossings, sections can be welded onto the pipe string just before being pulled through the borehole. Each boring would be expected to take 1 to 2 days for most roads and railroads and 10 days for long crossings such as interstate or four-lane highways. Most smaller, unpaved roads and driveways would be crossed using the open-cut method where permitted by local authorities or private owners. Most open-cut road crossings can be finished and the road resurfaced in 1 or 2 days. Pipeline, Utility, and Other Buried Feature Crossings Keystone and its pipeline contractors would comply with DOT regulations, utility agreements, and industry best management practices with respect to utility crossing and separation specifications. One-call notification would be made for all utility crossings so respective utilities are identified accordingly. Unless otherwise specified in a crossing agreement, the contractor would excavate to allow installation of the pipeline across the existing utility with a minimum clearance of 12 inches. The clearance would be filled with sandbags or suitable fill material to maintain the clearance. Backfill of the crossing would be compacted in lifts to ensure continuous support of the existing utility. For some crossings, the owner of the utility may require the facility to be excavated and exposed by their own employees prior to the Keystone contractor getting to the location. In those cases, Keystone would work with owners to complete work to the satisfaction of the owner. 23 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Where the owner of the utility does not require pre-excavation, generally, the pipeline contractor would locate and expose the utility before conducting machine excavation. Steep Terrain Additional grading may be required in areas where the proposed pipeline route would cross steep slopes. Steep slopes often need to be graded down to a gentler slope for safe operation of construction equipment and to accommodate pipe-bending limitations. In such areas, the slopes would be excavated prior to pipeline installation and reconstructed to a stable condition. In areas where the pipeline route crosses laterally along the side of a slope, cut and fill grading may be required to obtain a safe, flat work terrace. Topsoil would be stripped from the entire ROW and stockpiled prior to cut and fill grading on steep terrain. Generally on steep slopes, soil from the high side of the ROW would be excavated and moved to the low side of the ROW to create a safe and level work terrace. After the pipeline is installed, the soil from the low side of !"#$%&'$()*+,$-#$.#!*./#,$!)$!"#$"01"$20,#$3/,$!"#$2+)4#52$6)/!)*.$()*+,$-#$.#2!).#,$32$/#3.$ as practical to its preconstruction condition. Topsoil from the stockpile would be spread over the surface, erosion control features installed, and seeding implemented. In steep terrain, temporary sediment barriers such as silt fence and straw bales would be installed during clearing to prevent the movement of disturbed soil into wetland, waterbody, or other environmentally sensitive areas. Temporary slope breakers consisting of mounded and compacted soil would be installed across the ROW during grading and permanent slope breakers would be installed during cleanup. Following construction, seed would be applied to steep slopes and the ROW would be mulched with hay or non-brittle straw or covered with erosion control fabric. Sediment barriers would be maintained across the ROW until permanent vegetation is established. Additional temporary workspace may be required for storage of graded material and/or topsoil during construction. Unstable Soils Construction in unstable soils, such as those within the fragile soils of South Dakota and Nebraska, would be in accordance with measures outlined in the CMRP (Appendix L). Construction in these areas could require extended TWAs; potential disturbance associated with these areas would be included in supplemental filings when these areas are identified. Special construction and mitigation techniques would be applied to areas with high potential for landslides and erosion-prone locations. To facilitate reclamation, Keystone could implement measures such as the use of photodegradable mats and livestock controls. Waterbody Crossings - Perennial Perennial waterbodies would be crossed one or more times during the construction of the Project. Perennial waterbodies would be crossed using one of four techniques: the open-cut wet method (the preferred method), dry flume method, dry dam-and-pump method, or HDD. Each method is described below. In the final design phase of the Project, waterbody crossings would be assessed by qualified personnel with respect to the potential for channel aggradation 24 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 or degradation and lateral channel migration. The level of assessment for each crossing would vary based on the professional judgment of the qualified design personnel. The pipeline would be installed as necessary to address any hazards identified by the assessment. The pipeline would be installed at the design crossing depth for at least 15 feet beyond the design lateral migration zone, as determined by qualified personnel. The design of the crossings also would include the specification of appropriate stabilization and restoration measures. The actual crossing method employed at a perennial stream would depend on permit conditions from USACE and other relevant regulatory agencies, as well as additional conditions that may be imposed by landowners or land managers at the crossing location. The preferred crossing method would be to use the open-cut crossing method. The open-cut method involves trenching through the waterbody while water continues to flow through the construction work area. Pipe segments for the crossing would be fabricated adjacent to the waterbody. Generally, backhoes operating from one or both banks would excavate the trench within the streambed. In wider rivers, in-stream operation of equipment may be necessary. Hard or soft trench plugs would be placed to prevent the flow of water into the upland portions of the trench. Trench spoil excavated from the streambed generally would be placed at least 10 feet !"!#$ %&'($ )*+$ "!)+&,-$ +./+$ 012+--$ -)&+!($ "3.)*$ 3-$ /&+!)$ +1'0/*$ )'$ &+403&+$ 52!6+(+1)$ 31$ )*+$ stream bed. Sediment barriers would be installed where necessary to control sediment and to prevent excavated spoil from entering the water. After the trench is dug, the prefabricated pipeline segment would be carried, pushed, or pulled across the waterbody and positioned in the trench. When crossing saturated wetlands with flowing waterbodies using the open-cut method, the pipe coating would be covered with reinforced concrete or concrete weights to provide negative buoyancy. The need for weighted pipe would be determined by detailed design and site conditions at the time of construction. The trench would then be backfilled with native material or with imported material if required by applicable permits. Following backfilling, the banks would be restored and stabilized. The Project would utilize dry flume or dry dam-and-pump methods where technically feasible on environmentally sensitive waterbodies as warranted by resource-specific sensitivities. The flume crossing method involves diverting the flow of water across the trenching area through one or more flume pipes placed in the waterbody. The dam-and-pump method is similar to the flume method except that pumps and hoses would be used instead of flumes to move water around the construction work area. In both methods, trenching, pipe installation, and backfilling are done while water flow is maintained for all but a short reach of the waterbody at the actual crossing. Once backfilling is completed, the stream banks restored and stabilized and the flume or pump hoses are removed. Keystone plans to use the HDD method of construction for 5 waterbody crossings that are crossed one time (Table 2.1-6) on the Project. The HDD method involves drilling a pilot hole under the waterbody and banks, then enlarging the hole through successive reamings until the hole is large enough to accommodate a prefabricated segment of pipe. Throughout the process of drilling and enlarging the hole, slurry consisting mainly of water and bentonite clay would be circulated to power and lubricate the drilling tools, remove drill cuttings, and provide stability to the drilled holes. Pipe sections long enough to span the entire crossing would be staged and 25 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 welded along the construction work area on the opposite side of the waterbody and then pulled through the drilled hole. Ideally, use of the HDD method results in no impact on the banks, bed, or water quality of the waterbody being crossed. !"#$%&'()*+&,"-%.#/01%2&3./22%0&42156&-7%&8/.19/5-"$&:1.%;-1/5"$& :.1$$156&<%-7/0! COUNTY Boyd Holt Antelope Nance Polk Approx MP 618.1 626.1 713.3 761.7 775.2 Waterbody Name Keya Paha River Niobrara River Elk Horn River Loup River Platte River Waterbodies considered for directional drill include commercially navigable waterbodies, waterbodies wider than 100 feet, waterbodies with terrain features that prohibit open crossing methods, waterbodies adjacent to features such as roads, railroads that would complicate construction by an open crossing method, and sensitive environmental resource areas that could be avoided by HDD. In the event intermittent waterbodies are dry or have non-moving water at the time of crossing, Keystone proposes to use conventional upland cross-country construction techniques. If an intermittent waterbody is flowing when crossed, Keystone would install the pipeline using the open-cut wet crossing method discussed previously. When crossing waterbodies, Keystone !"#$%& '%()*)& +"& +()& ,#-%)$-.)/& "#+$-.)%& -.& 0)1/+".)2/& 3456& 7Appendix L) and the requirements of its waterbody crossing permits. Additional TWAs would be required on both sides of all conventionally crossed waterbodies to stage construction, fabricate the pipeline, and store materials. These workspaces would be $"8'+)%&'+&$)'/+&9:&;))+&'!'1&;*"<&+()&!'+)*2/&)%,)=&)>8)?+&!()*)&+()&'%@'8).+&#?$'.%&8"./-/+/& of actively cultivated or rotated cropland or other disturbed land. Before construction, temporary bridges (e.g., clean fill over culverts, timber mats supported by flumes, railcar flatbeds, flexi-float apparatus) would be installed across all perennial waterbodies to allow construction equipment to cross. Construction equipment would be required to use the bridges, except the clearing crew, which would be allowed one pass through the waterbodies before the bridges are installed. During clearing, sediment barriers such as silt fence and staked straw bales would be installed and maintained on drainages across the ROW adjacent to waterbodies and within additional TWAs to minimize the potential for sediment runoff. Silt fence and straw bales located across the working side of the ROW would be removed during the day when vehicle traffic is present and would be replaced each night. Alternatively, drivable berms could be installed and maintained across the ROW in lieu of a silt fence or straw bales. 26 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 In general, equipment refueling and lubricating at waterbodies would take place in upland areas that are 100 feet or more from the water. When circumstances dictate that equipment refueling and lubricating would be necessary in or near waterbodies, Keystone would follow its SPCC Plan to address the handling of fuel and other hazardous materials. After the pipeline is installed beneath the waterbody, restoration would begin. Waterbody banks would be restored to preconstruction contours or to a stable configuration. Appropriate erosion control measures such as rock riprap, gabion baskets (rock enclosed in wire bins), log walls, vegetated geogrids, or willow cuttings would be installed as necessary on steep banks in accordance with permit requirements. More stable banks would be seeded with native grasses and mulched or covered with erosion control fabric. Waterbody banks would be temporarily stabilized within 24 hours of completing in-stream construction. Sediment barriers, such as silt fences, straw bales or drivable berms would be maintained across the ROW at all waterbody approaches until permanent vegetation is established. Temporary equipment bridges would be removed following construction. Wetland Crossings Data from wetland delineation field surveys, aerial photography, and National Wetland Inventory mapping were used to identify wetlands crossed by the proposed pipeline. Pipeline construction across wetlands would be similar to typical conventional upland cross-country construction procedures, with several modifications where necessary to reduce the potential for pipeline construction to affect wetland hydrology and soil structure. The wetland crossing method used would depend largely on the stability of the soils at the time of construction. If wetland soils are not excessively saturated at the time of construction and can support construction equipment without equipment mats, construction would occur in a manner similar to conventional upland cross-country construction techniques. Topsoil would be segregated over the trench line. In most saturated soils, topsoil segregation would not be possible. Additional TWAs would be required on both sides of particularly wide saturated wetlands to stage construction, fabricate the pipeline, and store materials. These additional TWAs would be located in upland areas a minimum of 10 feet from the wetland edge. More information is located in the Site-Specific Waterbody Crossing Plans located in the Environmental Report. Construction equipment working in saturated wetlands would be limited to that area essential for clearing the ROW, excavating the trench, fabricating and installing the pipeline, backfilling the trench, and restoring the ROW. In areas where there is no reasonable access to the ROW except through wetlands, non-essential equipment would be allowed to travel through wetlands only if the ground is firm enough or has been stabilized to avoid rutting. Clearing of vegetation in wetlands would be limited to trees and shrubs, which would be cut flush with the surface of the ground and removed from the wetland. To avoid excessive disruption of wetland soils and the native seed and rootstock within the wetland soils, stump removal, grading, topsoil segregation, and excavation would be limited to the area immediately over the trench line to the maximum extent practicable. Trench width would be that required to 27 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 provide an even safe work area which depends upon topography, soil moisture content, and groundwater levels. Severe topography may require additional disturbance to create an even safe work area. More saturated soils usually require a wider trench in order to maintain a safe ditch and to avoid unstable trench walls. During clearing, sediment barriers, such as silt fence and staked straw bales, would be installed and maintained on down slopes adjacent to saturated wetlands and within additional TWAs as necessary to minimize the potential for sediment runoff. Where wetland soils are saturated or inundated, the pipeline can be installed using the push-pull technique. The push-pull technique involves stringing and welding the pipeline outside of the wetland and excavating and backfilling the trench using a backhoe supported by equipment mats or timber riprap. The prefabricated pipeline is installed in the wetland by equipping it with floats and pushing or pulling it across the water-filled trench. After the pipeline is floated into place, the floats are removed and the pipeline sinks into place. Most pipe installed in saturated wetlands would be coated with concrete or installed with set-on weights to provide negative buoyancy. Final locations requiring weighted pipe for negative buoyancy would be determined by detailed design and site conditions at the time of construction. Because little or no grading would occur in wetlands, restoration of contours would be accomplished during backfilling. Prior to backfilling, trench breakers would be installed where necessary to prevent the subsurface drainage of water from wetlands. Where topsoil has been segregated from subsoil, the subsoil would be backfilled first followed by the topsoil. Topsoil would be replaced to the original ground level leaving no crown over the trench line. In some areas where wetlands overlie rocky soil, the pipe would be padded with rock-free soil or sand before backfilling with native bedrock and soil. Equipment mats, timber riprap, gravel fill, geotextile fabric, and straw mats would be removed from wetlands following backfilling except in the travel lane to allow continued, but controlled, access through the wetland until the completion of construction. Upon the completion of construction, these materials would be removed. Where wetlands are located at the base of slopes, permanent slope breakers would be constructed across the ROW in upland areas adjacent to the wetland boundary. Temporary sediment barriers would be installed where necessary until revegetation of adjacent upland areas is successful. Once revegetation is successful, sediment barriers would be removed from the ROW and disposed of properly. In wetlands where no standing water is present, the construction ROW would be seeded in accordance with the recommendations of the local soil conservation authorities or land management agency. Fences and Grazing Fences would be crossed or paralleled by the construction ROW. Before cutting any fence for pipeline construction, each fence would be braced and secured to prevent the slacking of the fence. To prevent the passage of livestock the opening in the fence would be closed temporarily when construction crews leave the area. If gaps in natural barriers used for livestock control are !"#$%#&' ()' *+*#,+-#' !.-/%"0!%+.-1' %2#' 3$*/' 4.0,&' (#' 5#-!#&' $!!."&+-3' %.' %2#' ,$-&.4-#"6/' 28 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 requirements. All existing improvements, such as fences, gates, irrigation ditches, cattle guards, and reservoirs would be maintained during construction and repaired to preconstruction conditions or better upon completion of construction activities. 2.1.11.2 Aboveground Facility Construction Procedures Construction activities at each of the new pump stations would follow a standard sequence of activities: clearing and grading, installing foundations for the electrical building and support buildings, and erecting the structures to support the pumps and/or associated facilities. A block valve is installed in the mainline with two side block valves; one to the suction piping of the pumps and one from the discharge piping of the pumps. Construction activities and the storage of building materials would be confined to the pump station construction sites. The sites for the pump stations would be cleared of vegetation and graded as necessary to create a level surface for the movement of construction vehicles and to prepare the area for the building foundations. Foundations would be constructed for the pumps and buildings and soil would be stripped from the construction footprint. Each pump station would include one electrical equipment shelter (EES), and a variable frequency drive equipment shelter (VES). The EES would include electrical systems, communication, and control equipment. The VES would house VFD equipment. The crude oil piping, both aboveground and below ground, would be installed and pressure tested using methods similar to those used for the main pipeline. After testing is successfully completed, the piping would be tied into the main pipeline. Piping installed below grade would be coated for corrosion protection prior to backfilling. In addition, all below grade facilities would be protected by a cathodic protection system. Before being put into service, pumps, controls, and safety devices would be checked and tested to ensure proper system operation and activation of safety mechanisms. Where delivery and pigging facilities are co-located with a pump station or the tank farm, the delivery and pigging facilities would be located entirely within the facility. Construction activities would include clearing, grading, trenching, installing piping, erecting buildings, fencing the facilities, cleaning up, and restoring the area. The delivery facilities would operate on locally provided power. Intermediate MLV construction would be carried out concurrently with the construction of the pipeline. Wherever practical, intermediate MLVs would be located near public roads to allow year-round access. If necessary, permanent access roads or approaches would be constructed to each fenced MLV site. Construction Workforce and Schedule Keystone proposes to begin construction of the Keystone Pipeline Project in 2013. The Project is planned to be placed into service in 2014. Keystone anticipates a peak work force of approximately 5,000 to 6,000 construction personnel. Construction personnel would consist of Keystone employees, contractor employees, construction inspection staff, and environmental inspection staff. 29 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Keystone is planning to build the Project in 3 construction spreads in Nebraska. The spread breakdowns and corresponding base of operations for construction spreads are shown in Table 2.1-7. The construction schedule may affect the final spread configuration which may result in the need for additional but shorter spreads. Construction activity would occur simultaneously on spreads within each phased segment of the Project. It is anticipated that 500 to 600 construction and inspection personnel would be required, associated with each spread. Each spread would require 6 to 8 months to complete. Construction of new pump stations would require 20 to 30 additional workers at each site. Construction of all pump stations would be completed in 18 to 24 months. Construction of all pump stations would be completed in 18 to 24 months. Keystone, through its construction contractors and subcontractors, would attempt to hire temporary construction staff from the local population. Provided qualified personnel are available, approximately 10 to 15 percent (50 to 100 people per spread) may be hired from the local work force for each spread. This may not be possible in more rural areas. !"#$%&'()*+&&,%#-"./"&012.3-453612&78-%"9.! !"#$%&'()*+$#' 5"#*(6+;+ 5"#*(6+<+ 5"#*(6+=>+ ,$-./'01' !""#$%& !$'#()& ((*#!(& 2/&'01' !$'#()& ((*#!(& )(*#%)& !""#$%&'()*+,*-.)/+$0+ 1$-2)#34)&$-+5"#*(6+ 78&9*2:+ $"#)*& )%#)$& $$#('& (3425&&+,-./0&1234.-5&/-.&4/5.0&61&78.&96157-297:61&6;&78.&.17:-.&<.=5761.&>?&,-6@.97&/10&/AA&'"& 96157-297:61&5,-./05&/-.&1234.-.0&;-63&16-78&76&56278#& 2.2 No Action Alternative The information regarding the No Action Alternative for the Project in its entirety, as presented in the FEIS (Section 4.1, Pages 4-1 through 4-9), remains accurate for the newly configured Project. 2.3 Nebraska Route Alternatives !"#$%&'"($) *&+%,'-) *".&*%) /,0"d in April 2012 depicted a preferred alternative route corridor approximately 2,000 feet wide. The NDEQ made !"#$%&'"($)April 2012 report widely available to the public and conducted an extensive public comment process on the report, including a series of public meetings along the preferred route corridor. In July, the NDEQ issued a formal Feedback Report to Keystone, cataloging the public comments that were received and providing its own input, developed with the assistance of its consultant, HDR. In response to that feedback, Keystone has identified a preferred alternative route that is depicted in Appendices A and B. 30 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Table 2.3-1 presents all changes to the April preferred alternative route outside of the 2,000 foot corridor. Appendix D provides figures of each route change presented in Table 2.3-1. Most notably, in response to the NDEQ Feedback Report and public comments, Keystone has developed three particularly significant route alternatives. As discussed further in this SER, these alternatives are !"#$ %!&'()*)$ %!$ +*,-."!*/-$ 01*2*11*)$ 3'.*1!3.%4*$ 1"(.*$ %!$ 5*613-738$$ These three alternatives include the Northern Alternative, the Clarks Alternative, and the Western Alternative. Table 2.3-2 presents the analysis of those alternatives compared to the c"11*-0"!)%!9$-*9:*!.$"2$+*,-."!*/-$;01%'$<=><$01*2*11*)$1"(.*$&"11%)"18$$?36'*$<8@-3 provides metrics used to assess constructability of the routes. As discussed in the April reroute report, the first part of the table provides an overview of the number of elevation changes along the pipeline. The second part of the table indicates the number of locations a side-slope will be crossed. !"#"$ %&'()*'+,-.(*'+/(01*, ?A*$ !"1.A*1!$ -*&.%"!$ "2$ .A*$ 01*2*11*)$ 1"(.*$ &"11%)"1$ %!&'()*)$ %!$ +*,-."!*/-$ ;01%'$ <=><$ 1*0"1.$ avoided .A*$ 31*3$ .A3.$ 5BCD$ A3-$ %)*!.%2%*)$ 3-$.A*$ EF3!)A%''-G$ 1*9%"!8$ $ 5"!*.A*'*--H$ !(:*1"(-$ comments from the public indicated that there are areas along that section of the April 2012 preferred route corridor that exhibit similar characteristics to the Sandhills, although they are not identified as part of the Sandhills in existing literature or agency databases. These areas include topographic features similar to sand dunes and areas with sandy, erodible soils, with a thin organic layer of topsoil. The NDEQ Feedback Report directed Keystone to strongly consider avoiding these areas to the extent possible. In response to this direction, Keystone plotted highly wind erodible and Valentine soils and examined recent aerial imagery to identify sand dune features. Using this data, Keystone developed a more easterly alternative route I .A*$ E5"1.A*1!$ ;'.*1!3.%4*G$ -- to avoid these features. The Northern Alternative traverses Keya Paha, Boyd and Holt counties. The Northern Alternative is depicted in Figure 2.3-1, as compared to the April, 2012 preferred alternative route corridor. An analysis of pertinent environmental and construction-related features is presented in Table 2.3-2. Table 2.3-3 provides metrics used to assess constructability of the routes. As discussed in the April 2012 reroute report, the first part of the table provides an overview of the number of elevation changes along the pipeline. The second part of the table indicates the number of locations a side-slope will be crossed. 31 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*+&&,%#-"./"&0-%1%--%2&3$4%-5"467%&89:4%&;<"5=%.&>%4?%%5&3@-6$&"52&3:=:.4&'A+'& !"#$%&' ($)*&%' County Begin MP END MP Base Route Length (miles) Reroute Length (miles) Maximum Perpendicular Distance from Center Line (feet) Reason for Route Change !"##! $%&'()&*+ ,-')&*.'/0)+ Keya Paha, Boyd, Holt 601.76 637.42 34.57 35.67 41,951 See Section 2.3.1. Approximately, 74 tracts, 36 new landowners and 1 State Land tract (Board of Education Lands, School Lands) are impacted. Additionally, 8 new construction access roads will be added for the reroute; 1 Mainline Valve will be relocated (CK-MLV-25). The proposed route variation was developed to accommodate a landowner's (tract ML-NEHT-30345.000) request to avoid a newly planted (3 years) shelter belt on the property as well as a cattle feed lot by shifting the centerline and work areas further south. Landowner preference The primary reason for this proposed reroute is to avoid landowner's row of trees located in tract ML-NE-HT-30405.000 by shifting the centerline and work areas east. Landowner preference Landowner preference Landowner preference !"#1+ Holt 657.93 658.43 0.49 0.50 279 !"#2+ !"#3+ !"#4+ !"#5+ !"#6+ Holt 659.08 660.83 1.68 1.75 1,481 Holt 661.82 663.75 1.77 1.94 1,796 Holt Boone Boone 665.44 740.05 745.45 667.47 741.02 746.88 1.85 0.93 1.47 2.03 0.98 1.44 1,845 457 1,344 32 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*+&&,%#-"./"&0-%1%--%2&3$4%-5"467%&89:4%&;<"5=%.&>%4?%%5&3@-6$&"52&3:=:.4&'A+'& !"#$%&' ($)*&%' County Begin MP END MP Base Route Length (miles) Reroute Length (miles) Maximum Perpendicular Distance from Center Line (feet) Reason for Route Change !"#"$ Boone 749.98 750.94 0.96 0.96 201 The primary reason for this proposed reroute is to avoid a large drain that is located next to a road and to allow the drainage feature and road be crossed separately by shifting the centerline and workspaces further west. Nance, !"#!! Merrick, %&'()*$ York, +&,-(.',/0-$ Polk 764.99 796.31 31.49 31.33 50,938 See Section 2.3.2, Clarks Alternative !"#1! Saline, 2-*,-(.$ Jefferson +&,-(.',/0-$ !"#3$ $ $ Jefferson 840.95 855.03 13.49 14.08 18,546 See Section 2.3.3, Western Alternative The primary reason for this proposed reroute is to shift CL and WAs away from fence that runs parallel to the current CL. 873.29 874.50 1.29 1.20 275 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 33 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September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ransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*'&&+,-."/01,2&,3&40520306"27&8$7%/2"709%&:,;7%1&& ' #/012' 3453' &6789' BCDCE' F129@' !"#$%&"' (%)*+#$",-&."(' #$$&.)%$"' :608;90<' #2890<=81>9' #/012' 3453' &6789' BBDGC' F129@' ,1' 4' 5;,' 4' 4' 21?5;' -?:1' -?@@' 0?0-' -?2,' -?2;' ;1' +2=0?@' #2890<=81>9'' #/012' 3453' &6789' 5BDBI' F129@' ,' 2' :-' 4' 4' 55?-1' -?2;' -?;:' 5?@1' -?-;' 4' 1' A9@890<' #2890<=81>9'' BGDEH'F129@' 0' 4' 5,:' ;' 4' 1?-;' -?20' -?,@' 2@?32' -?;:' -?,;' ,' B5DBG'F129@' 23' 2' 13' 4' 4' 2@?;,' -?,5' -?,,' ;?55' -?2-' -?@0' 02' 5CD4G'F129@' 1' 5' ,;' 4' 4' 52?,1' -?25' -?5:' 5?-1' -?-;' 4' 5;' !"#$%&!$''(& )$(*+$,-$(& 2&3&42&56$78& .'/0$&1'"((& 42&3&92&56$78& :;$%&92&5+$78& >7%*-?'#?%$@1%/0'",+& 6$;$'/0$+& <",+&=($&1'"((& A/%$(#&<",+& )",7$'",+@B%"(('",+& !"#$%& !$#'",+& C*;/#&D%%*7"#*/,&1%/0&1%/((*,7(& NOTE: All crossing lengths are given in miles !"#$%&'()*+)!' ,--'./' 0' 4' 1:' !"#$%&'67' 8*9*)6!8' 5' 4' ,?05' -?20' <&688)!=' >%!=*+'' 2?--' 2@?51' -?;;' -?;-' !"#$%&'67' <&688)!=8' 0' 35 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September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ransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 The Northern Alternative has more changes in elevation (indicative of up and down or choppy terrain), more side slopes, less total miles of threatened and endangered species habitat, no crossings of state land, fewer perennial stream/river crossings, and considerably fewer miles of severely wind erodible and valentine soils. As such, and specifically to accommodate the NDEQ Feedback Report, Keystone is including the Northern Alternative in its preferred alternative route in Nebraska. While Keystone is indicating that the Northern Alternative is now part of its preferred route, it should be noted that the April 2012 preferred route corridor, which more closely follows the original FEIS route, is also constructible using the techniques commonly and successfully used by the pipeline industry for construction in sandy soils and areas of shallow groundwater tables which are discussed further herein. !"#"! $%&'()*+%,-'.&,/0-* During the public comment period, and through NDEQ review, commenters expressed concern that the April 2012 preferred route corridor would cross an area up-gradient of the Clarks Well head Protection Area (WHPA) and where the depth to groundwater is shallow. The well within !"#$ %&'($ )*$ !"#$ *+,-.#$ +/$ !"#$ !+012*$ 03!#-$ *,44567$ $ 8")*$ *#.!)+1$ +/$ !"#$ (4-)5$ 9:;9$ 4-#/#--#<$ alternative route corridor incorporated the route that was included in the 2011 FEIS. The NDEQ Feedback Report suggested that Keystone consider routing the pipeline down-gradient of the town of Clarks. These comments were made notwithstanding that the WHPA is modeled to provide a 20 year protection buffer around the well intake, and that the FEIS route was approximately 1.70 miles from the well intake. In response to the feedback received, Keystone developed an alternative route = !"#$ >?53-@*$ (5!#-13!)A#B$-- to the east of the town of Clarks in order to locate the pipeline down-gradient of the WHPA. The Clarks Alternative lies 3.50 miles down-gradient (east) of the WHPA. Figure 2.3-2 depicts this section of the April 2012 preferred route corridor and the Clarks Alternative. Table 2.3-2 provides a comparison of the environmental and construction related resources that may be impacted by each route. Table 2.3-3 provides metrics used to assess constructability of the routes. As discussed in the April 2012 reroute report, the first part of the table provides an overview of the number of elevation changes along the pipeline. The second part of the table indicates the number of locations where a side slope will be crossed. As can be seen in Figure 2.3-2 and Tables 2.3-2 and 2.3-3, the routes are similar in terms of potential impacts to sensitive species, potential impacts to ground and surface waters, and potential impacts to land uses. However, the Clarks alternative will encounter fewer areas of wind erodible soils and traverse fewer sloped areas. Keystone is incorporating the Clarks Alternative in its preferred alternative route in Nebraska. !"#"# 1-),-'.*+%,-'.&,/0-* After the FEIS was published in August, 2011, a new WHPA was established for the city of Western that extended further west, overlapping onto the FEIS route. For this reason, Keystone examined an alternative = !"#$>%#*!#-1$(5!#-13!)A#B$which would move the route west, out of the newly established WHPA. It lies 0.70 miles west of the Western WHPA. The alternative is 37 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 depicted in Figure 2.3-3. The analysis of the alternative and the FEIS route in this location is provided in Tables 2.3-2 and 2.3-3. The results of the analysis indicate that potential impacts to sensitive species, ground and surface water, and land use are very similar between the two routes. Keystone is incorporating the Western Alternative in its preferred alternative route in Nebraska. 38 PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. Willow Willow Creek Creek ? Lake Lake Berry Berry Indian Indian Lake Lake 47 " ! Murphy Murphy Creek Creek ! ! ! ! Gregory County Herrick Herrick Lake Lake ? ? 18 Haisch Haisch Lake Lake Tripp County MP 597 ! MP South Dakota ! 598 MP 599 ! Squaw Squaw Creek Creek Shingle Shingle Creek Creek Wolf Wolf Creek Creek MP 600 Lute MP Lute Creek Creek 601 ! ! MP 603 MP 605 MP 606 ! ! ! ! MP 607 MP 604 ! Dry Dry Creek Creek MP 608 ! ! MP 609 MP 610 ! 12 " ! MP 611 ! ! MP 612 MP 614 ! ! ! MP 613 ! MP 616 Lost Lost Creek Creek MP 617 ! No rt MP 618 ! hern Boyd County Keya Paha County Oak Oak Creek Creek Al ! te MP 619 ! rn MP 620 !ativ e MP 621 ! MP 622 ! MP 623 ! MP 624 ! MP 625 MP 626 ! ! MP 627 628 ! Nebraska ! MP MP 629 ! MP 630 MP 631 ! MP 632 ! MP 633 137 " ! ! ! MP ! Holt County 634 MP 635 MP 636 ! MP 637 ! MP 638 ! ! Niobrara Niobrara River River MP 639 ! MP 640 ! MP 641 ! ! ! 7 " ! Rock County 11 " ! 20 ? ? 0 2.5 5 10 Miles Copyright:(C) 2011 National Geographic Society, i-cubed Atkinson VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND ALTERNATIVE APRIL ROUTE ALTERNATIVE FEIS ROUTE STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY SECTION LINE URBAN AREA INTERSTATE US OR STATE HIGHWAY COUNTY ROAD LOCAL OR RURAL ROAD RAILROAD WATERBODY WELLHEAD PROT. AREA FEDERAL LANDS FOREST SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BUR. OF LAND MANAGEMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS KEYSTONE XL PROJECT Figure 2.3-1 Northern Alternative CENTERLINE COMPARISON ! PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. 22 " ! Fullerton Cedar River Cedar River 22 " ! ! MP 761 762 763 764 765 MP 766 ! Loup Loup River River ! MP Platte County ? Clear Clear Creek Creek Nance County ! MP ! MP ! MP ! Silver Creek MP 767 ! MP 14 " ! 768 MP 769 ! MP 770 ! MP 771 ! MP 772 ! MP 773 ! ! 39 " ! Platte Platte River River MP 774 MP 775 ! MP 776 ! ! MP 777 ! MP Merrick County 30 ? ? 92 " ! Clarks 778 779 780 Polk County 81 81 ? ? ? ? Osceola Lake Lake Nebraska 92 " ! Clarks Alternat ive ! MP ! MP ! MP ! MP ! MP ! MP 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 MP 797 ! 81 ? ? Stromsburg ! MP Central City ! MP Hordville Polk " ! 66 81 ? ? ! MP ! MP ! MP 14 " ! ! MP ! MP ! MP Benedict Marquette Hamilton County 81 ? ? ! MP ! MP ! MP York County ! MP ! MP 798 ! MP 799 ! 0 2.25 4.5 9 Miles MP 800 34 34 ?? ?? York ! MP 801 34 Copyright:(C) 2011 National Geographic Society,81 i-cubed Bradshaw ? ? ? ? ! VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND ALTERNATIVE APRIL ROUTE ALTERNATIVE FEIS ROUTE STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY SECTION LINE URBAN AREA INTERSTATE US OR STATE HIGHWAY COUNTY ROAD LOCAL OR RURAL ROAD RAILROAD WATERBODY WELLHEAD PROT. AREA FEDERAL LANDS FOREST SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BUR. OF LAND MANAGEMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS KEYSTONE XL PROJECT ! Figure 2.3-2 Clarks WPA Alternative ! CENTERLINE COMPARISON ! ! MP 839 PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ? ! MP 840 ! MP 841 ! MP 842 " ! 74 ! MP 843 Saline County ! MP 844 Western " ! 15 ! MP 845 Nebraska South South Fork Swan Fork Swan Creek Creek ! MP 846 ! MP 847 Wes Alter tern nativ e ! MP 848 ! MP 849 ! MP 850 " ! 4 Daykin ! MP 851 MP 852 ! Jefferson County ! MP 853 ! MP 854 ! MP 855 " ! 15 ! MP 856 0 0.75 1.5 3 Miles Copyright:(C) 2011 National Geographic Society, i-cubed ! VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND ALTERNATIVE APRIL ROUTE ALTERNATIVE FEIS ROUTE STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY SECTION LINE URBAN AREA INTERSTATE US OR STATE HIGHWAY COUNTY ROAD LOCAL OR RURAL ROAD RAILROAD WATERBODY WELLHEAD PROT. AREA FEDERAL LANDS FOREST SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BUR. OF LAND MANAGEMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS KEYSTONE XL PROJECT Figure 2.3-3 Western WPA Alternative CENTERLINE COMPARISON TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 42 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 3.0 Affected Environment of Nebraska Reroute 3.1 Climate and Air Quality !"#"# $%&'()*+ This SER describes the state/regional climate and meteorological conditions that influence transport and dispersion of air pollutants and discusses the existing levels of air pollutants in Nebraska. For the purposes of this SER, the details and data provided in the FEIS for climate and air quality have not changed and remain as stated in that document. The Nebraska segment of the Project is located within the Humid Continental climate that is found over large areas in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere, and specifically, in the central plains of North America. This climate is noted for a variety of weather patterns, with large temperature and humidity ranges due to the distance from moderating marine influences. A number of air masses of differing qualities lie within this highly variable boundary zone, principally of both polar and tropical origin. Relatively heavy, dense, polar air masses collide with tropical air systems that can result in vigorous storm systems having both high winds and periodic heavy rains. These systems of continental reach are pushed by the mid-latitude westerlies that will usually move these systems from west to east. Specific details of the overall Mid-Continent climate data, including for the Lincoln, Nebraska area, can be found in Section 3.12.1, Page 3.12-1 of the August 2011 FEIS. !"#", -&.+/0(%&)1+2*30%()4.1+2*50&.*'*6)7+ Air quality from t!"# $%&'()*$(+%&# ,&-# %."),(+%&# %/# 0"1'(%&"2'# /,$+3+(+"'# ,)"# '*44,)+5"-# +&# Section 4.3.1 and Section 3.12.1.3 of the Keystone XL FEIS. Emissions specific to construction activities are temporary and are quantified in the August 2011 FEIS (Section 3.12.1.3, Table 3.12.1-8, Page 3.12-17 and 18). Fugitive emissions in Nebraska will be limited to pump stations during operations and back-up generators that are required by PHMSA Special Condition 32 that will operate control equipment and motor operated IMLVs in the event electric power becomes unavailable. Back-up generators are not used to power the pumps at the pump stations, only valves and control equipment. The back-up generators will only supply power during emergencies and regular service testing and are exempt from Nebraska air quality permits under NAC 129.5.002.02D. The back-up generator air permit exemption letter is presented in Appendix M. 3.2 Air Quality Regulatory Requirements The FEIS at Section 3.1.12.2, Pages 3.12-7 to 3.12-16 outlines the air regulations applicable to the Project. The emergency generators to be used at motorized IMLVs and the MLVs at pump stations are covered as minor sources of emissions and do not trigger air quality permitting or regulations. Documentation of the analysis used to determine this finding is provided in Appendix M. 43 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 3.3 Soils The preferred alternative route in Nebraska traverses a variety of different soils and physiographic features. These include deep sediment deposition in prehistoric shallow seas, volcanic eruptions and ash fall, glaciation action, and climates that varied from dry to humid. For soil formation, glaciation played a significant role. Tracking along the preferred alternative route from north to south, the soils are largely derivative from the effects of glaciation. Much of the glaciation has been in successive waves, with periods long enough between the glaciation to impact not only soil formation, but also topographic feature development such as sand dunes. (Wayne, William J., Encyclopedia of the Great Plains, http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.pe.029, extracted 29 August 2012) The Project lies in a part of the Central Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range Regions. The landforms are nearly level tablelands to gently rolling fluvial plains. These soils are similar to the Western Great Plains Range in the north of the state, with deep calcareous loess deposits. Sensitive soils in the vicinity of the preferred alternative route are encountered along the northern reaches of the State. From the northern state line to the Niobrara River are soils that are have a high percentage of silty loams, with some clayey loams and mixed sands. Valentine soils are found in some areas along this route. With the sandy, excessively drained nature of these soils, their handling and restoration requirements discussed below in this section are critical to regrowth of adequate vegetation and soil stabilization. Portions of the route through Keya Paha, Boyd and Holt Counties lie within the DakotaNebraska Eroded Tableland Resource area. The soils along this northern portion of the preferred alternative route are of a more mixed, but less sensitive, nature than those soils traversed in the April 2012 preferred route corridor. Sensitive soils along the preferred alternative route in Nebraska are presented in Table 3.3-1, using the centerline of the preferred alternative route as the reference in measuring the distance to present the information in a mileage format. To provide a more thorough picture of what the impacts might be to soils during construction and operation, Table 3.3-2 provides the impacts in both categories, with discrete total impact areas. Within Holt, Boyd, and Antelope County there are a series of silty, sandy loams that cross the tablelands. In the Antelope County area the sandy loams are infrequently layered with fine ash layers from volcanic eruptions, the latest significant one occurring in Idaho about 12 million !"#$%& #'()&*+,%& -#!"$& .#/& .(/0#,/& %,'/,1,.#/0&1(%%,-%2& #/3&,04%& 5"$!& 1,/"&'$#,/&%,6"&,%& 7/%0#8-"& ,/& wind and rain, and is highly erodible. South of the Platte River the preferred alternative route crosses flat to rolling loess-covered plains of the Rainwater Basin Plains, one of the largest concentrations of natural wetlands found in Nebraska. Many of the wetlands were drained for cultivation, with much of the area pivot irrigated to help provide a fertile area for crops. The soils are largely silty loams with fine sands in both flooded and rarely flooded areas. Glacial till is scattered throughout the area south of the Platte River and is encountered along the southern section of the preferred alternative route. 44 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 3.3.1 !"##$%&'!()*'+,$%$-./%)0.)-0 In the FEIS, soil characteristics along the Project were identified and evaluated using the !"#$%&"'( )*+%,-.*( /%&+*-0"#$%&( 1*-0$.*2+( 1%$'( 1,-0*3( 4*%5-"67$.( 8119)4:;( <"#"="+*>( ?7*( focus was on characteristics that are of specific interest to pipeline construction activities. Types of characteristics and a brief summation of their attributes are presented: Highly erodible soils@prone to high rates of erosion when exposed to wind or water by removal of vegetation. Prime farmland soils@have combinations of soil properties, growing season, and moisture supply needed to produce sustained high yields of crops in an economic manner if they are treated and managed according to acceptable farming methods. Undeveloped land with high crop production potential may be classified as prime farmland. Hydric soils@ AB%-C*<(,&<*-(.%&<$#$%&+(%B(+"#,-"#$%&D(B'%%<$&5D(%-(6%&<$&5('%&5(*&%,57( <,-$&5(#7*(5-%E$&5(+*"+%&(#%(<*0*'%6("&"*-%=$.(.%&<$#$%&+($&(#7*(,66*-(6"-#>F(8G*<*-"'( Register, July 13, 1994). These soils, under normal conditions are saturated for a sufficient period of time during the growing season to support the growth of hydrophytic vegetation (USDA 2006). Compaction-prone soils@ surface clay loam or finer textures in somewhat poor to very poor drainage classes. Stony/rocky soils@have a cobbly, stony, bouldery, gravelly, or shaly modifier to the textural class; or are comprised of more than 5 percent stones larger than 3 inches in the surface layer. Shallow-bedrock soils@typically defined as soils that have bedrock within 60 inches of the soil surface. However, for the purpose of this proposed Project, shallow-bedrock soils are defined as those containing bedrock within 80 inches of the surface, because trenching typically would be done to that depth. Drought-prone soils@include coarse-textured soils (sandy loams and coarser) that are moderately well to excessively drained. Table 3.3-1 provides a summary of the soil characteristics described above, and listed as miles crossed per category. For a more specific metric used to measure overall possible impacts, Table 3.3-2 provides the same breakdown of soil characteristic categories, but is expressed in anticipated total area (acres) that might be impacted. 45 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'(')*&&+,-$&./"0"12%0-32-13&,4&.,51%05&4,0&6,2%52-"$$7&844%12%9&60,:%12&.,5320;12-,5&"59&<=%0"2-,5&>?-$%3@& State / County Nebraska 1 2 3 4 Total 1 M iles 274.43 H ighly Wind 2 E rodible 48.42 H ighly Water 3 E rodible 57.61 Low Revegetation Potential 4 (L RP) 5.18 Prime 5 F armland 175.94 H ydric 8.46 6 Compaction 7 Prone 190.94 Stony ! 8 Rocky 41.26 Shallow 9 Bedrock 0.27 D rought 10 Prone 81.95 ! Table includes construction of pipeline only. Individual soils may occur in more than one characteristic class. Includes all soils in Wind Erodibility Group (WEG) of 1 or 2 Includes all soils with slopes >8% with a Kw>0.24, and all component with slopes greater than 15% Includes all soil components listed as saline (EC>=4 & SAR<13), sodic (EC<4 & SAR>=13), or saline -sodic (EC>=4 & SAR>=13), in addition to components containing horizons with a pH less than 3.5 (very acidic) or greater than 9 (very alkaline) 5 Includes land listed by the NRCS (2007) as potential prime farmland if adequate protection from flooding and adequate drainag are provided. e 6 As designated by the NRCS (2007). 7 Includes soils that have a sandy clay loam or finer textures. 8 Includes soils that have either: 1) a cobbly, stony, bouldery, gravelly, channery, flaggy, or shaly modifier to the texturalclass, or 2) have >five percent (weight basis) of stones larger than three inches. 9 Includes soils that have lithic bedrock within 60 inches of the soil surface. 10 Includes coarse-!"#!$%"&'()*+&,()-./)(0.1"1'(23-*4,()*+&5'(26*+&57(!8*!(*%"(9"//(&%*.+"&(-%("#:")).;"/,(&%*.+"&1 NOTE: Discrepancies in total mileage are due to rounding and soil map coverages not matching the county/state boundaries. Between MP 600.5 and 601.5 and 841.01, and 855.03 and 875.38 are features that were identified, reviewed, and assessed in the FEIS issued in August 2011. , 46 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'(')*&&+,-$&./"0"12%0-32-13&,4&.,51%05&6,2%52-"$$7&844%12%9&60,:%12&.,5320;12-,5&"59&<=%0"2-,5&>810%3?& State/ County Total 1 A cres H ighly Wind 2 E rodible H ighly W ater 3 E rodible Low Revegetation Potential 4 (L RP) Prime 5 F armland 6 H ydric Compaction 7 Prone Stony ! 8 Rocky Shallow 9 Bedrock D rought 10 Prone Construction 1 !"#!$%&& +"&!,%( '&(%$# )#!%)( ()#%'( !$#%+) &*%)) !+%$! )"*!+%#! +",'&%!) ++!%)! *+%+$ )"&')%!) +"+*(%,) *&(%*' )$#%$& $%') +%'* +"+'*%'* $#'%(+ Operation Based on a total of 110-foot-wide ROW for a 36-inch pipeline. Acreage does not account for disturbance associated with power lines, pipe stockpile sites, rail sidings, contractor yards, or construction camps. Individual soils may occur in more than one characteristic class. Discrepancies in total mileage are due to rounding. 2 Includes all soils in WEG of 1 or 2 3 Includes all soils with slopes >8% with a Kw>0.24, and all component with slopes greater than 15% 4 Includes all soil components listed as saline (EC>=4 & SAR<13), sodic (EC< & SAR>=13), or saline-sodic (EC>=4 & SAR>=13), in addition to components containing 4 horizons with a pH less than 3.5 (very acidic) or greater than 9 (very alkaline) 5 Includes land listed by the NRCS (2007) as potential prime farmland if adequate protec tion from flooding and adequate drainage are provided. 6 As designated by the NRCS (2007). 7 Includes soils that have a sandy clay loam or finer textures. 8 Includes soils that have either: 1) a cobbly, stony, bouldery, gravelly, channery, flaggy, or sh modifier to the textural class, or 2) have >five percent (weight basis) of stones aly larger than three inches. 9 Includes soils that have lithic bedrock within 60 inches of the soil surface. 10 Includes coarse-!"#!$%"&'()*+&,()-./)(0.1"1'(23-*4,()*+&5'(26*+&57(!8*!(*%"(9"//(&%*.+"&(-%("#:")).;"/,(&%*.+"&1 Between MP 600.96 and 601.75, 796.32 and 841.01, and 855.03 and 875.38 are features that were identified, reviewed, and assessed in the FEIS issued in August 2011 , 47 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 In Antelope and Boone Counties, the area traversed by the route crosses the Central Great and Western Corn-belt plains eco-region. This area is further classified as the Loess Uplands Resource Area, with soils consisting of deep loess deposits that are susceptible to erosion if unvegetated. In Nance and Merrick Counties, the area traversed by the route in Nebraska crosses the Central Great Plains Winter Plains region. These areas feature soils consisting of deep loess with some organic enrichment. South of the Platte River the preferred alternative route crosses flat to rolling loess-covered plains of the Rainwater Basin Plains, one of the largest concentrations of natural wetlands found in Nebraska. Many of the wetlands were drained for cultivation, with much of the area pivot irrigated to help provide a fertile area for crops. For details on the soils crossed by the preferred alternative route through Nebraska, refer to Appendix E, which is delimited by milepost. Further, the table is broken into three sections, representing three reroute sections (Northern!"#$%&'()"%*+",-).-&*/0""" Keystone, through the routing effort, has avoided most of the highly erodible soils found in the northern portions of the state. Keystone will apply the measures outlined in their CMRP (Appendix L) that will address any locations with erodible soils during and after construction. 48 PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ? South Dakota KEYA PAHA BOYD Iowa HOLT ANTELOPE BOONE Nebraska NANCE MERRICK POLK Wind erodible soils shown represent only the following Nebraska counties in this figure: Antelope, Boone, Boyd, Butler, Garfield, Greeley, Hamilton, Holt, Keya Paha, Knox, Madison, Merrick, Nance, Pierce, Platte, Polk, Rock, and Wheeler Labeled counties in this figure represent only the counties affected by the project. 0 15 30 60 Miles YORK FILLMORE SALINE JEFFERSON Kansas PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE ROUTE IN NEBRASKA STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY WIND ERODIBLE SOILS (%) 100% VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND KEYSTONE XL PROJECT FIGURE 3.3-1 SEVERE WIND ERODIBLE SOILS (NEBRASKA) 0% SOURCE: SSURGO; INCLUDES ALL SOILS IN WEG OF 1 OR 2 PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ? South Dakota KEYA PAHA BOYD Iowa HOLT ANTELOPE BOONE Nebraska NANCE MERRICK POLK Valentine soils shown represent only the following Nebraska counties in this figure: Antelope, Boone, Boyd, Garfield, Greeley, Holt, Keya Paha, Knox, Madison, Merrick, Nance, Pierce, Platte, Rock, Stanton, Wayne, and Wheeler Labeled counties in this figure represent only the counties affected by the project. 0 15 30 60 Miles YORK FILLMORE SALINE JEFFERSON Kansas PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE ROUTE IN NEBRASKA STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY VALENTINE SOILS (%) 100% VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND KEYSTONE XL PROJECT FIGURE 3.3-2 VALENTINE SOILS (NEBRASKA) 0% SOURCE: SSURGO; INCLUDES ALL SOIL MAP UNITS CONTAINING VALENTINE SOIL COMPONENTS TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 3.4 Geology !"#"$ %&'&()*+ The preferred alternative route enters Nebraska in the eastern half of the state at the border with South Dakota. In northern Nebraska this physiographic region is part of the Great Plains region, covered almost entirely by Quaternary deposits. The locations of the physiographic provinces on the preferred alternative route in Nebraska are identified by milepost in Table 3.41. From north to south, the regional physiography covers an area whose surficial geology was affected by two distinct periods of glaciation (directly or by depositional processes) creating, dissected hills and canyons with slopes of high relief, to unglaciated, level to rolling sandy plains with isolated gravelly buttes. As the preferred alternative route continues to the southeast, the topography is a flat tableland with dissected slopes in drainages, and contains Aeolian and alluvial sands and gravel, with a mix of lacustrine sand and silt. As the preferred alternative route heads south towards Central City, the soils have deep calcareous loess and clay loam calcareous deposits overlaying mainly shales and sandstones. South of the Loup River, the preferred alternative route passes through the wide, flat alluvial valley of interlacing streams on a sandy bed formed by the action of the Platte River and tributaries. In the north, the bedrock geology is primarily composed of Cretaceous and Tertiary sedimentary rocks, and a summary of these units are described in Table 3.1.1-3, Page 3.1-6 of the FEIS. To the north some of the older Tertiary bedrock deposits are exposed, with the even older underlying Cretaceous bedrock exposed along river valleys where the river has cut down into the bedrock. Elevations along the preferred alternative route range from about 2,200 feet in the north to 1,400 feet near the Kansas state line. !"#$%&'()*+&&,-./0123"4-05&,316075%/&07&8%#3"/9"$& State Start MP !""#$%& End MP !'(#')& ):;#"%& )!!#$'& )(%#>)& Physiographic Region *+,-.*/.&012*+3& *+,-.*/.&012*+3& *+,-.*/.&012*+3& *+,-.*/.&012*+3& Physiographic Province 4.-2,&012*+3& 4.-2,&012*+3& 4.-2,&012*+3& 8-+,.21&1/?12+9& Physiographic Division 5*33/6.*&012,-267& 6+4128*2,-9& <*4<&012*+3& 012*+3&=/.9-.& 9*33-8,-9&,*11&012*+3& Nebraska !'(#')& ):;#"%& )!!#$'& 1 Between MP 600.96 and 601.75, 796.32 and 841.01, and 855.03 and 875.38 are features that were identified, reviewed, and assessed in the FEIS issued in August, 2011. !"#", -.)**/0+1&2(/34+ There appears to be some shallow bedrock, but is very limited in length along the preferred alternative route in Nebraska, including the Northern Alternative, which could necessitate ripping or blasting. Field confirmation studies may be conducted prior to construction in those areas that might be susceptible. 51 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#"! $%&'(&)*+,-'&.%/01&,-'* Nebraska has experienced 11 minor earthquakes since 1973, with magnitudes ranging from 2.8 to 4.3 US Geological Survey ((USGS) 2008). However, no active surface faults have been identified along the preferred alternative route, therefore, a low seismic hazard risk is anticipated (Crone and Wheeler 2000). !"#"# 2%,3,4&)*5060/.'* At certain locations along the preferred alternative route in Nebraska, landslides, subsidence, or flooding could be possible. Since the preferred alternative route would be located in the relatively flat and stable continental interior, the potential for impacts from geologic hazards is lower than for facilities located in active mountain belts or coastal areas. Slope stability can be a problem in areas where slope angles are greater than 15% and a lightly consolidated or alluvial material is directly overlaying Cretaceous shales. The Cretaceous rocks in the Missouri River Plateau commonly weather to a clay soil base and have a high potential for slumping. In addition to the clay content, the Pierre Shale has layers that have significant amounts of ash soils (andisols), which can be more susceptible to slumping and erosion than surrounding layers. Often the combination of the clay and ash soil layers can present a more unstable slope condition than a soil matrix of singular composition. Along the preferred alternative route, potentially unstable soils or geologic formations are present at several locations. See Table 3.4-2 for a list of possible locations with a high potential for landslides. This analysis is based on identifying the soil types identified above coupled with topography along the preferred alternative route. Most of these areas are associated with steep elevation changes and major drainages. !"#$%&'()*+&&,%#-"./"&0"12.$32%&41532%15%&"12&67.5%893#3$39:&"$;1<&9=%&>-;8;.%2&>-;?%59@& State Start Milepost End Milepost Landslide Incidence and Susceptibility Nebraska !""#$% !"&#%! !"4#56 !"!#@@ !5@#45 A@5#46 !"&#%! !"4#56 !"!#@@ !5@#45 A@5#46 A@4#5A '()*+,-./+0.1*2-30.1-31 7089*/:/31;<0=0+0<>*?*+()*0-30.1-31 '()*+,-./+0.1*2-30.1-31 7089*/:/31;<0=0+0<>*?*+()*0-30.1-31 '()*+,-./+0.1*2-30.1-31 B(.1C,<1*/:/31;<0=0+0<>*?*+()*0-30.1-31 1 Between MP 600.96 and 601.75, 796.32 and 841.01, and 855.03 and 875.38 are features that were identified, reviewed, and assessed in the FEIS issued in August 2011 Source: US National Atlas http://www.nationalatlas.gov/mld/lsoverp.html There are sources that describe the possibility of karst in Nebraska, but because there is no appreciable limestone karst in Nebraska, it is unlikely that karst features will be encountered. While the National Atlas indicates that karst features exist, a noted researcher and professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln has unequivocally stated that there is an absence of karst in the State. He said that, while there are enlarged joints in Pennsylvanian and Cretaceous limestones, no caves, sinkholes or other similar features exist. Therefore, there would be no 52 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 karst features that might provide a hazard to the Project (R. M. Joeckel, Ph.D., personal communication, August 24, 2012). !"#"$ %&'()*+)'),-.&'/0(1)23.(/ Paleontological resources, or fossils, are the remains, imprints or traces of once-living organisms preserved in rocks and sediments. These include mineralized, partially mineralized, or unmineralized bones and teeth, soft tissues, shells, wood, leaf impressions, footprints, burrows, and microscopic remains. There is a possibility of finding fossils in both surface geologic deposits, as well as in bedrock deposits of the units located along the preferred alternative route in Nebraska. All of the surface deposits along the alignment are from the Quaternary Period, the most recent of the Cenozoic Era. A paleontological analysis of the preferred alternative route in Nebraska is ongoing. A listing of the potential geologic units that may bear fossils is provided in Table 3.4-3. There is a location in Antelope County called the Ash fall Fossil Beds State Historical Park, which is about 7 miles northeast of its closet point to the preferred alternative route. This site is highly representative of the ash beds in this area, with numerous vertebrates that, having ingested the fine glass grains of the ash, became entombed within this layer of material (Diffendal, Jr. 1996). The Potential Fossil Yield Classification (PFYC) system is a predictive modeling tool used by the BLM and increasingly by other government agencies for the management of paleontological resources. It ranks the potential for geologic units (rock formations and surficial sedimentary deposits) to contain scientifically important fossils from very low (Class 1) to very high (Class 5) (BLM 1998, 2007, 2008). This system was used to evaluate the potential adverse impacts to paleontological resources in Nebraska. !"#$%&'()*'&&+%,$,-./&01.23&4.25&6,7%8"2%&2,&9%8:&;.-5&<"$%,12,$,-./"$&=%13.2.>.2:&4.25.1&25%& <8,?%/2&@8%"&.1&6,12"1"A&=,B25&C"D,2"A&"17&E%#8"3D" Geologic Unit !"#$$#%&'$()*"'+% ,-.)/#0% Approx. Mile Posts -1'$)2"3)//4%5$'(%6!% 789:;%*'%79<:=%% Age /)*#% >$#*)3#'?@% Typical Fossils !/)+*@%,A''20B%*$)3#%5'@@"/@% ,C?$$'A@D%C'$"+E@D%5#3)/%1#//#*@D% E)@*$'/"*.@0B%)C?+2)+*%"+F#$*#C$)*#@% ,('//?@G@D%E)@*$'1'2@D%C"F)/F#@0B% /'3)//4%)C?+2)+*%F#$*#C$)*#@%,5"@.D% *?$*/#@D%('@)@)?$@D%1/#@"'@)?$@D%)+2% ('$#%$)$#%2"+'@)?$@D%1*#$'@)?$@D% )+2%C"$2@0:% State %HI% PYFC >/)@@%9)D%;%% JE)//)/)%K$'?1% 6!%78<:<%*'%6!% L;M:M% % 6!%L;M:L%*'%LM=:L% )+2%6!%L<;:7%*'%6!% 6"'3#+#% )+2% N#$*#C$)*#@%,#@1#3")//4%()(()/@0% !/"'3#+#% % /)*#% % O+F#$*#C$)*#@%,)(('+"*#@D% E)@*$'1'2@D%C"F)/F#@0%)+2% %HI% >/)@@%;% % H"'C$)$)%&'$()*"'+% % HI% % >/)@@%;% 53 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*'&&+%,$,-./&01.23&4.25&6,7%8"2%&2,&9%8:&;.-5&<"$%,12,$,-./"$&=%13.2.>.2:&4.25.1&25%& <8,?%/2&@8%"&.1&6,12"1"A&=,B25&C"D,2"A&"17&E%#8"3D" Geologic Unit Approx. Mile Posts !""#"$ %)&323'$;6)3'$ G&''76+&7$H2='-(+7'$ )78$G&)7'&+-$;6)3'$ L)9+()$M+&=)(2+7$ ;1+&)82*)33<$5&+=$>?$ @!A#@$(+$>?$!BC#B$ ;1+&)82*)33<$5&+=$>?$ !AI#@(+$>?$!BJ#!$ ;1+&)82*)33<$5&+=$>?$ !NA#J$(+$!@B#J$ Age %&'()*'+,-$ 3)('$ %&'()*'+,-$ 3)('$ %&'()*'+,-$ ')&3<$ %&'()*'+,-$ Typical Fossils .'&('/&)('-$0&'1(23'-4$52-64$ 1('&+-),&-4$)78$-6)&9-:$ D7.'&('/&)('-$0=+33,-9-:$)78$&)&'$ =)&27'$.'&('/&)('-$052-64$&'1(23'-:$ D7.'&('/&)('-$027*3,827K$=+33,-9-$ )78$=2*&+5+--23-:$)78$.'&('/&)('-$ D7.'&('/&)('-$0=+33,-9-4$27-'*(-:$ )78$13)7(-$027*3,827K$53+O'&-:$)&'$ )/,78)7(4$$&)&'$ .'&('/&)('-05&)K='7()&<$827+-),&-$ )78$52-6:$$ State PYFC EF$ EF$ EF$ %3)--$C$ %3)--$C$)78$ %3)--$J$ %3)--$C$ 3.5 Water Resources !"#"$ %&'()*+,-).+', The surface water resources in Nebraska are located within the Missouri River Region (Seaber et al. 1994), and the sub-watershed hydrologic units along the preferred alternative route location are depicted in Figure 3.5-1. The hydrologic units shown in Figure 3.5-1 are representative of a hierarchical system established by the USGS to depict the connection between drainage basins and land area that comprises each major drainage. In Appendix F-1 waterbody crossings in Nebraska are listed. This information has been developed using field survey data and desktop analysis, as indicated in this Appendix. Major perennial stream crossing locations have been adjusted to minimize potential resource impacts, as well as to reduce the overall footprint to more efficiently plan and implement construction cleanup and water body restoration. Major perennial water body crossings include the Keya Paha River, Niobrara River, Elk Horn River, Loup River and the Platte River. Of 201 waterbodies crossed but the preferred alternative route, the reroute portion crosses 43 intermittent, 65 ephemeral, and 44 perennial waterbodies as indicated in Appendix F-1. Additional features identified in Appendix F-1 include 8 ponds and manmade water features. There are several reservoirs, lakes and ponds occurring downstream of the proposed waterbody crossings in northern and southern Nebraska. Those waterbodies within 10-miles downstream of Project waterbody crossings are listed in Appendix F-2. 54 PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ? South Dakota KEYA PAHA BOYD Crofton Hartington Ponca 29 % Iowa Bloomfield Ainsworth HOLT O'Neill Creighton Plainview Randolph Pierce Neligh ANTELOPE Tilden Norfolk Wisner Stanton West Point Oakland Madison Burwell Newman Grove BOONE Scribner Nebraska Broken Bow NANCE Fullerton Genoa Columbus Schuyler North Bend Fremont David City St. Paul MERRICK Central City POLK Wahoo Ravenna Gothenburg Cozad Lexington Kearney 80 % Grand Island YORK York Seward 180 % Lincoln Friend Hastings Clay Center Holdrege Sutton Crete FILLMORE SALINE Wilber Beatrice Beaver City Hebron Alma Franklin Superior Fairbury JEFFERSON 0 15 30 60 Miles Kansas FEDERAL LANDS FOREST SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE ROUTE IN NEBRASKA HYDROLOGIC UNIT PRIMARY ROAD SECONDARY ROAD STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY KEYSTONE XL PROJECT FIGURE 3.5-1 SUB-WATERSHED HYDROLOGIC UNITS (NEBRASKA) SOURCE: SOURCE: U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, HTTP://USGS/GOV/GIS/METADATA/USGSWRD/XML/DS573_WBDHUC8.XML TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#"$ %&'()*+,&-.'/* The regulatory framework for maintaining or improving water quality is the federal CWA, Section 303(c). Each state had to meet compliance with this law by developing its beneficial-use classification system that identified state-designated uses. A description of the characteristics of stream or stream segments that have been designated as sensitive, protected, or listed as impaired or contaminated can be found in the Water Resources section of the Keystone XL FEIS (Section 3.3.1, Table 3.3.1.2-4, Page 3.3-19). When pipeline construction crosses a water body, it is possible that sediment disturbed by the construction activity could enter the water column and be transported down flow due to the mechanical action involved in excavating and installing the pipe. Waterbodies within 10 stream/river miles downstream (or parallel ROW location) of proposed waterbody crossings along the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route are listed in Appendix F-2. Note that the term !"#$#"%&'"()'$)*$#+),&)+#-&,#).)/&+0)&1)2.,#"),3.,)'$)+.44#+)1"&4)1"##)15&2)+&2-).)63.--#5)&") otherwise hindered to provide a backup of water in a low topographic area. This does not denote that this waterbody is used for human drinking water and in most cases this is usually a body of water used for other purposes (stock pond, recreation, etc.). The preferred alternative route in Nebraska does cross streams listed as impaired for water quality parameters under the CWA 303(d) program (Appendix F-3). These are the Keya Paha River, Beaver Creek, and Prairie Creek. Other waterbodies identified as impaired within the FEIS portion of preferred alternative route are the Niobrara River, Loup River, and Big Blue River, as referenced in the FEIS (Section 3.3.1.2, Page 3.3-19). !"#"! 0)1,234&'()* Keystone recognizes groundwater as a very significant resource that needs to be protected and conserved, however, groundwater is not typically used as a regional routing criterion because of its ubiquitous nature. During the research on groundwater hydrology in Nebraska, a special emphasis was given to locating and identifying resources that have shallow depth to groundwater (< 50 ft. bgs). Research further determined the expected use of the groundwater within 10 miles of the centerline of the preferred alternative route. The preferred alternative route crosses over the northern portion of the Northern High Plains Aquifer System, whose principal water bearing unit is the Ogallala Formation. The High Plains aquifer, of which the Ogallala Formation is a subset, covers approximately 85% of the entire state (FEIS Section 3.3.3.1 - Groundwater, Page 3.3-9, and Figure 3.3.1-6 (Volume 1 of 8) (Gutentag et al. 1984). Recharge to the Ogallala typically varies from two to five inches per year depending on soil permeability and presence or lack of a confining layer above the water-bearing unit (Gutentag, et. al., 1984). Areas in the northern portion of the preferred alternative route generally exhibit higher recharge rates due to higher soil permeability when compared to areas along the eastern portion (after Stanton, et. al., 2007) including the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route. Groundwater generally flows from west to east mimicking topography (after Gutentag, et. al., 1984) and flow averages one foot per day. 56 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Methodology to identify shallow groundwater resources included examining the most reliable and long-term database for well data in Nebraska, the University of Nebraska Conservation and Survey Well database (CSD). This database is more reliable because the long-term data are true, measured water level conditions in the well by a trained water technician and the wells are selected based on their construction. Because groundwater levels will fluctuate over time with use and recharge, the CSD information is a more accurate depiction of the depth to groundwater than choosing a static depth from one year of data. By comparison, the NE Department of Natural Resources (DNR) groundwater data is based on a single observation in the well log when the well is drilled or developed, which is a less reliable indicator of depth to groundwater. Appendix F-4 identifies available water well data examined over time for total water depth and static water level for wells within 100 feet of the centerline of the preferred alternative route. Analysis was made to determine if the wells occurred in permeable rock units or unconsolidated alluvium. Alluvial areas along waterways also were included as shallow groundwater resources regardless of the presence of wells. Table 3.5-1 provides locations, by milepost, where average depth to groundwater is less than 50 feet along the preferred alternative route. Figure 3.5-2 and 3.5-3 depicts the minimum and maximum depth to groundwater as determined from the CSD information. 57 PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ? South Dakota KEYA PAHA BOYD Iowa HOLT ANTELOPE BOONE Nebraska NANCE MERRICK POLK YORK FILLMORE SALINE JEFFERSON 0 15 30 60 Miles Kansas PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE ROUTE IN NEBRASKA STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY MINIMUM DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER 0 - 5 FT 5 - 10 FT 10 - 15 FT 15 - 20 FT 20 - 50 FT VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND KEYSTONE XL PROJECT FIGURE 3.5-2 MINIMUM DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER (NEBRASKA) SOURCE: SHALLOW GROUNDWATER DEVELOPED FROM INTERPOLATION OF GROUNDWATER ELEVATION LEVELS OF UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, LINCOLN CONSERVATION AND SURVEY DIVISION WELL DATABASE. PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ? South Dakota KEYA PAHA BOYD Iowa HOLT ANTELOPE BOONE Nebraska NANCE MERRICK POLK YORK FILLMORE SALINE JEFFERSON 0 15 30 60 Miles Kansas PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE ROUTE IN NEBRASKA STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY MAXIMUM DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER 0 - 5 FT 5 - 10 FT 10 - 15 FT 15 - 20 FT 20 - 50 FT VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND KEYSTONE XL PROJECT FIGURE 3.5-3 MAXIMUM DEPTH TO GROUNDWATER (NEBRASKA) SOURCE: SHALLOW GROUNDWATER DEVELOPED FROM INTERPOLATION OF GROUNDWATER ELEVATION LEVELS OF UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, LINCOLN CONSERVATION AND SURVEY DIVISION WELL DATABASE. TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*+&&,-."/0-12&30/4&54"$$-3&67-8193"/%7& "$-1:&/4%&;7%<%77%9&=$/%71"/0>%&?-8/%@& Average Depth to Groundwater 1 (feet bgs) County Start MP End MP Length (mi) !"#$% &$'$% 56#7% 56#7% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% 96:4% ;<4":6="% ()*+,-% ().+(*% (/8+1(% (/(+10% (/,+,,% (8/+8(% (88+/.% (88+,)% (8*+.1% (8*+,*% (8.+*/% (8,+)*% (8,+*(% (*)+)/% (*)+*,% (-)+1,% (-)+(8% (--+8*% (-.+08% (-,+)(% (-,+**% (-0+1,% (-0+/0% ((1+,8% (()+,/% ((8+.-% ((-+**% (((+/)% ((.+).% ((.+*.% (.-+0/% (.(+,0% (,1+.0% ().+(*% (//+//% (/(+10% (/.+)(% (8/+8(% (88+/.% (88+,)% (8*+.1% (8*+,*% (8.+*/% (8,+)*% (8,+*(% (*)+)/% (*)+*,% (-1+.1% (-)+(8% (-8+8-% (-.+08% (-,+)(% (-,+**% (-0+1,% (-0+/0% ((1+,8% (()+,/% ((8+.-% ((-+**% (((+/)% ((.+).% ((.+*.% (.)+0(% (.(+/.% (,1+.0% (,)+.0% /+.0% *+-,% 8+18% )+1.% 8+*,% 1+0)% 1+-*% 1+,0% 1+)*% /+-,% 1+./% 1+8)% /+((% 1+8(% 0+//% 1+--% )+.)% /+(1% 1+/8% 1+/.% 1+(-% 1+/)% )+-*% 1+0,% )+08% )+(0% 1+..% 1+0(% 1+81% *+*0% 1+8-% 8+0)% )+11% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% )1%2%)-%34+% )-%2%/1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% )-%2%/1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% )-%2%/1%34+% )1%2%)-%34+% )-%2%/1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% )-%2%/1%34+% )-%2%/1%34+% )-%2%/1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% )-%2%/1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% /1%2%-1%34+% 60 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*+&&,-."/0-12&30/4&54"$$-3&67-8193"/%7& "$-1:&/4%&;7%<%77%9&=$/%71"/0>%&?-8/%@& Average Depth to Groundwater 1 (feet bgs) County Start MP End MP Length (mi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hallow Groundwater developed from interpolation of Groundwater Elevation levels of University of Nebraska, Lincoln Conservation and Survey Division Well Database. Average depth is depicted in this table and the minimum and maximum is shown in the figures. 2 Between MP 600.96 and 601.75, MP 796.32 and 841.01, & MP 855.03 and 875.38 are features that were identified, reviewed, and assessed in the August 2011 FEIS bgs = below ground surface; based on available well data. !"#"$ %&'()*+,--./(0*&12*%(..0* The preferred alternative route in Nebraska passes through a number of locations where there are private and public water sources within 100 feet of the route!"# centerline. The FEIS examined wells within 100 feet of the centerline to determine those that may be close enough to be impacted by construction (Section 3.3.1.1, Page 3.3-11). Both the surface and groundwater sources are usable for both private sources as well as public supply points. See Table 3.5-2 for the location of private wells identified within 100 feet of the centerline of the FEIS portion of the preferred route alternative and the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route, by milepost, as registered with the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources. 61 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*+&&,-%./010%-&2304"/%&5%$$6&70/80.&9::&;%%/&<1&/8%&23%1%33%-& =$/%3."/04%&>$??$:@&" NE DNR Registered Groundwater Wells ()*+,!.#/0$ NE DNR Registered Groundwater Wells ()-+)1 !.#/0$ NE DNR Registered Groundwater Wells ()2+23 !.#/0$ NE DNR Registered Groundwater Wells ())+1, !.#/0$ NE DNR Registered Groundwater Wells 2,)+42 !.#/0$ NE DNR Registered Groundwater Wells 22(+34 7"8.#/0$ !"#$%&'()*'+%',%)-.%/(.,.((.0%12).(+3)*4.%5'6).7 NE DNR Registered Groundwater Wells ),,+)3 !.#/0$ NE DNR Registered Groundwater Wells ),3+3; !.#/0$ NE DNR Registered Groundwater Wells ),)+(7"8.#/0$ NE DNR Registered Groundwater Wells )*,+1; !.#/0$ NE DNR Registered Groundwater Wells )*1+;4 7"8.#/0$ NE DNR Registered Groundwater Wells )-*+31 7"8.#/0$ NE DNR Registered Groundwater Wells )1,+*( !.#/0$ Reroute portion of the Preferred Alternative Route: )42+(( !.#/0$ NE DNR Registered Groundwater Wells 1 Between MP 600.96 and 601.75, MP 796.32 and 841.01, & MP 855.03 and 875.38 are features that were identified, reviewed, and assessed in the FEIS issued in August 2011 Data Source: Nebraska Department of Natural Resources There are some areas where the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route and the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route will pass close to existing WHPAs designated by municipalities to protect public water supplies (PWSs) for various municipalities (Figure 3.5-4). Table 3.5-3 summarizes the locations where the Project alignment passes within 1 mile of a potential well head protection area. 62 PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ? South Dakota Boyd Keya Paha Iowa Knox Cherry Holt Brown Rock Pierce Antelope Wayne Thurston Dakota Cedar Dixon Blaine Loup Garfield Wheeler Madison Stanton Cuming Burt Boone Valley Custer Greeley Platte Colfax Dodge Nebraska Nance Butler Saunders Sherman Howard Merrick Polk Dawson Buffalo Hall Hamilton Cass York Seward Lancaster Otoe Frontier Gosper Phelps Kearney Adams Clay Fillmore Saline Gage Furnas Harlan Franklin Webster Nuckolls Thayer Jefferson " Steele City 0 15 30 60 Miles Kansas VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE ROUTE IN NEBRASKA WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREA WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREA WITHIN 1 MILE OF CENTERLINE STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY SOURCE: NDEQ, HTTP://DEQIMS.DEQ.STATE.NE.US.DEQ/ KEYSTONE XL PROJECT FIGURE 3.5-4 WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREAS WITHIN 1 MILE OF KEYSTONE XL PROJECT ROUTE TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*'&&+%$$,%"-&./01%21304&"/%"5&631,34&7&83$%&09&1,%&:/%9%//%-& ;$1%/4"13<%&=0>1%&?%41%/$34%7&& County Approximate Milepost Boundary Distance From Centerline (miles) Cardinal Direction from Centerline !""#$% 0"12% 0"12% 0"12% :;<<="1$% >?<;#$% @$--$1A"#% @$--$1A"#% @$--$1A"#% &'()*% &34)56% (+3)('% (96)34% (65)3% ('()55% (46)9&% (44)('% (&')&6% +)'% +)*6% +)4*% +)3*% +)4+% +)&+% +)4&% +)4(% B#%./% ,%"-%./% 7%"-%./% 8,%"-%./% 7%"-%./% ,%"-%./% ,%"-%./% 7%"-%./% 7%"-%./% B#%./% 1 Between MP 600.96 and 601.75, MP 796.32 and 841.01, & MP 855.03 and 875.38 are features that were identified, reviewed, and assessed in the FEIS issued in August, 2011% Data Source: NDEQ ! Well Head Protection Unit WHPAs are established on a voluntary basis by local communities and state governments to protect municipal groundwater resources. WHPAs are broadly defined areas where groundwater recharge occurs. In Nebraska, the Nebraska Source Water Assessment Program generally includes a 20 year time of travel area in WHPAs for community wells in the state. This area is determined based on computer modeling that accounts for geologic information and annual pumpage of the specific well or wells in the system. Since the FEIS route was finalized, one WHPA was expanded and is now crossed by the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route, near the city of Western. Since the identification of this WHPA, Keystone has identified the Western Alternative to avoid this WHPA as described in Section 2.3.3. Moreover, Keystone developed the Clarks Alternative to relocate the preferred alternative route down-gradient of the Clarks WHPA, as described in Section 2.3.2. Given distance from Source Water Protection Areas (SWPAs) and WHPAs, the limited mobility of crude oil in soils and aquifers, and the presence of confining layers in many areas, a spill from the Project is not expected to affect these sensitive groundwater resources2. Another WHPA, near Steele City, is also traversed. However, this WHPA could not be avoided since the end point of the pipeline is the interconnect with the existing Keystone mainline pipeline, which also traverses this WHPA. PHMSA requirements will be followed in the design ________________________ 2 Spill risk assessment and consequence analysis is an important element of the federal NEPA review. As part of that review Keystone submitted a formal Risk Assessment and Consequence Analysis. Currently DOS, in conjunction with PHMSA and EPA, is conducting a formal review of the adequacy of that analysis. 64 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 and operation of the pipeline through this WHPA to provide additional protection to the groundwater in this area3. !"#"# $%&&'(%)*+,Floodplains have both a geomorphic and a regulatory definition. Geomorphically, a floodplain is a relatively low, flat area that is adjacent to or can even surround, waterbodies; it will hold overflow water during flood events or, in the case of coastal zones, can also be flooded by tidal or storm events. In Nebraska, the floodplains are associated with flowing water bodies, and most have a low-level floodplain on the margins of the Ordinary High Water Mark. The width of the floodplain varies significantly, depending on the topography, soil composition, and hydrology. From a regulatory standpoint, the floodplain is defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the definition states that it is any land area susceptible to being inundated by waters from any source (FEMA 2005). Per EO 11988, signed 1977, federal agencies should try to avoid the long and short term adverse impacts associated with the occupancy and modification of floodplain development wherever there is a practicable alternative. To reduce flood loss and minimize the impact on human health, safety and welfare, as well as restore the natural beneficial values of floodplains, the federal agencies should provide leadership to reduce those negative impacts, while supporting the positive ones. Zones of major interest for possible flooding and crossed by the Project are indicated on Table 3.5-4. ________________________ 3 According to the FEIS, the incorporation of the 57 additional safety measures to which Keystone has committed !"#$%&'()*$%+',-'.'/(#0)1+'+2.+'"#$%&'2.3)'.'&)4())'#5'*.5)+6'#3)('.-6'#+2)('+67,1.%%6'1#-*+($1+)&')*+,1'#,%'7,7)%,-)' system under current code and a degree of safety along the entire length of the pipeline system similar to that which ,*'()9$,()&',-':,42';#-*)9$)-1)'<().*'=:;<*>'.*'&)5,-)&',-'?@';AB'C@DE?DFEG'=AHIJK'J)1E'LECLECK'7.4)'LECL-4.) 65 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*+&&,-%".&/012&3042&50.6&78&9$77:0;4& <-7..%:&#=&12%&>-7?%@1A& County !"#$%&$'$%()*+,#% 4)5,%()*+,#% 4)5,%()*+,#% :+,"5);"%()*+,#% :+,"5);"%()*+,#% :+,"5);"%()*+,#% <))+"%()*+,#% =$+>"%()*+,#% ?"@@"AB)+%()*+,#% ?"@@"AB)+%()*+,#% / Start Milepost -./01/% --60.3% -280.7% 2.3033% 2/7031% 2/-0/3% 216083% 283092% 3--0-3% 3260/6% End Milepost -./023% --607/% -2809-% 2/7031% 2/1068% 2/-063% 21-0/2% 2-60-3% 3-2019% 328063% CDBE%A$+E%F$5*"%)@%38%,)%/..G%H$B"I%)+%,'"%J5))I%4$K$AI%CDBE%5$#"A% &4LM:%=&LM% :A"$B%H",N""+%L&%-..09-%$+I%-./028G%29-067%$+I%31/0./G%$+I%3880.6% $+I%328063% !"#"$%&'()*+%',,;OPPNNN0+;QB0;'QB$0I),0R)FP% !"#"$ %&'()*+,-)*+-./0)1/)*-21&),Within Nebraska, wetlands and riparian areas are usually located along incised landforms associated with drainages. Riparian areas are explicitly defined by the NRCS as areas with unique soils and vegetation that exist between a terrestrial and an aquatic environment. Riparian zones perform a variety of needed functions in the biosphere, from providing collection points where water can soak into the groundwater environs, a water filtering function, and it also provides critical vegetation and transportation corridors for amphibians, mammals, birds and invertebrates. A subset of the riparian area is the wetland. These two areas are very limited in scope and size within the Project route. For the Project, the wetlands were classified as Palustrine Emergent (PEM), Palustrine Forested (PFO), and Palustrine Scrub Shrub (PSS). These areas take up about 75% of the wetland classifications, and the rest is confined within a channel or riverine environment. Wetlands and Waters of the US that were surveyed along the preferred alternative route were delineated in accordance with the direction provided by the USACE ! Omaha district (see Appendices F-1 and F-5). Where surveys have not yet been conducted, wetlands were identified using aerial photographs and National Wetland Inventory data. A summary of wetlands and riparian areas crossed by the preferred alternative route and ancillary facilities is provided in Tables 3.5-5. Wetlands potentially impacted by ancillary facilities such as contractor and pipe yards, rail sidings, and access roads have not yet been assessed. 66 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*)&&+%,$"-./&012//%.&,4%&51%6%11%.&7$,%1-",89%&:2;,%& L ength of W etlands @ C/L Pipeline PE M PSS PF O Access Roads PE M PSS PF O Ancillary Facilities PE M PSS PF O 1 (miles) 0.70 0.05 0.61 1 W etland A rea A ffected during Construction (acres) 8.98 0.33 4.75 ! W etland A rea A ffected by O perations (acres) 4.25 0.33 3.57 ! Number of C rossings 33 2 12 ---- 0.03 --- 0.0 --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- Between MP 600.96 and 601.75; MP 796.32 and 841.01; & MP 855.03 and 875.38 are features that were identified, reviewed, and assessed in the FEIS issued August 2011. 2 Acres disturbed on a temporary basis (permanent right-of-way width plus temporary workspace) during construction and acres disturbed (maintained) on a permanent basis during operation of the proposed Project. Wetland areas for emergent and scrub-shrub wetlands disturbed during construction are generally considered temporary with no impact remaining during operations. Notes: HDD impacts not deducted. Reduction in wetland impacts does not account for narrowing the construction ROW that will occur in wetlands. Mileage impact only includes Wetland impact with Centerline of route. Data Source: See Appendix F 3.6 Terrestrial Vegetation !"#"$ %&'&()(*+&,-./&0, Of the three alternative routes that are discussed in Section 2.3, the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route has been surveyed where access is available. Areas of the rereroute portion of the preferred alternative route that are unsurveyed, will be surveyed prior to construction. Vegetative types that occur along the preferred alternative route in Nebraska have been identified and delineated through a review of literature, internet database resources, interpretation of aerial photography, general observations made during field reconnaissance activities and habitat surveys, and detailed information collected during wetland and waters of the U.S. delineation activities. A breakdown of the vegetative communities crossed is presented in Table 3.6-1 and a breakdown of vegetation communities of conservation concern crossed are listed in Table 3.6-2. 67 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*C&&D/$%-&5;&7%8%."./=%&9500:6/./%-&9<5--%1&#E&.?%&@<5A%4.&B>F & Vegetative Communities C rossed (miles) Scrub-Shrub W etlands 0.00 0.05 4! 1 G rassland/ Rangeland Riverine/O pen W ater Previously Disturbed State Palustrine E mergent W etlands Palustrine Forested W etlands Upland Forest Agriculture Total FEIS Portion of the Preferred Alternative Route in Nebraska Reroute Portion of the Preferred Alternative Route in Nebraska 0!! 56.44 141.17 1.58 3.06 6.24 59.01 1.24 2.92 0.21 1.21 0.00 0.61 0.08 0.62 65.79 209.18 "%)$+#D-.$%#)!%.!,(,->)!-+#!&'#!,(!+('.&%.:! 5#(,A!F%>#-:#!,(,->)!+#*>#$,!,;()#!@#:#,-,%@#!$(<<'.%,%#)!(.!,;#! HIJ!+(',#!(.>?K!&(#)!.(,!%.$>'&#!(**!CLM!-+#-)!(+!NOMJ1! G !"#$%&'()*+&&,-./0".%1&203"4.-&56&7%8%."./56&9500:6/./%-&5;&956-%<="./56&9564%<6&>44:<,?(! @,.$,&(! !! "#$%&'(')!*(+#),)!-.&!/((&)! 012! 9%:;!(+!<#&%'%,?!.-,%@#! :+-))>-.&)! AA12! C%D-+%-.!/((&>-.&)! 1 Approximate mileage, note that categories may overlap. Source: Pedestrian field survey and aerial photo-interpretation1!!! 4! 5%$6,7!#8! "#$$%&'(',2! "7#22,9! !! 34! 47! 6! !! :'1,;#2( 56715!8!27316! 50B16!8!7AA1A! 57E10!8!75015! B13! The vegetative community types crossed by the Project are agriculture, previously disturbed, grassland/rangeland, upland forest, and wetland/riparian areas. Grassland/Rangeland vegetative community types in the Project area are tall grass prairie and mixed grass prairie. The mixed grass prairie is a transition zone between the tall-grass and short-grass prairie, taking on characteristics of both. Historically, this area changes its respective ranges due to precipitation amounts; the mixed-grass prairie expanded eastward into the tall-grass prairie region during prolonged drought and westward into the short-grass prairie region during wet periods. The mixed grass prairie is noted for its highly diverse flora and fauna. The tall grass prairie is composed of grass species three to five feet tall. 68 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 In Nebraska, the Project crosses four ecoregions: the Central Great Plains, Northwestern Great Plains, Western Corn Belt Plains, and the Northwestern Glaciated Plains. Dominant subecoregions include the Rainwater Basin Plains, Central Nebraska Loess Plains, Platte River Valley, and the Holt Tablelands. Smaller eco-regions include the Keya Paha Tablelands, Smoky Hills, Niobrara River Breaks, Transitional Sandy Plain and the Northeastern Nebraska Loess hills. The Keya Paha Tablelands and Niobrara River Breaks are found just south of the South Dakota/Nebraska border and only cover a small portion of the route. These areas are semiarid with rolling topography. Agriculture is limited due to the lack of regular precipitation. The Niobrara River Breaks area is a mix of prairie communities and woody vegetation along the river valley, providing excellent wildlife habitat. The Holt Tablelands is a sub-ecoregion that was not on the original route, but is a significant sub-region on the reroute. It has a fairly dry climate with dissected slopes interspersed on tablelands. Sandy soils predominate with some alluvial sand and gravel, as well as lacustrine sand and silt present. This area is representative of a mixedgrass prairie, with croplands on the more level tablelands, including grain sorghum, winter wheat and alfalfa. Within the Western Corn Belt Plains ecoregion, the Transitional Sandy Plain sub-ecoregion and the Northeastern Nebraska Loess Hills sub-ecoregion were not on the original FIES preferred route!" #$%" &'(" )*%+*," %+(" -'.-./(0" &1*2,3(,%" 4.'" %+(" '('.$%(5" 6+(" 6'&,/*%*.,&1" 7&,08" 91&*,:/" topography has level to rolling plains and are composed of alluvial sand and gravel, and lacustrine silt and sediments. This is a tallgrass prairie area of mixed prairie grasses, with subirrigated prairie along the stream valleys. The Northeastern Nebraska Loess Hills have rolling hills cut by perennial streams and deep loess soils. This is primarily a tallgrass prairie transitioning to mixedgrass prairie in the west. In addition to the subirrigated prairie there are woodlands (primary cottonwood) present in the floodplains along the streams. Subirrigated prairie areas are transitional zones between wetlands and dry uplands and do not correspond to wetlands, although they would frequently be found around large wetlands, or have wetland inclusions. Subirrigated prairie soils are wet from man-made irrigation or natural shallow groundwater, but the vegetation is dominated by native tall grass species such as big bluestem and switchgrass; some hydrophytic vegetation may be interspersed with the upland vegetation but they are not the dominant vegetation. Consequently there is a high water table within a subirrigated prairie but not for the duration required to meet wetland hydrology criteria, create hydric soils, or support hydrophytic vegetation. The Rainwater Basin Plains are found in the southern part of the state and is described in FEIS Section 3.5.2.1 (Page 3.5-17). The Central Nebraska Loess Plains is found in the central portion of the state. The rolling, dissected plains of this sub eco-region support a mixed grass prairie community with shortgrass species such as blue grama and buffalograss, intermediate grasses such as side-oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula), little bluestem, western wheatgrass, and sand dropseed, and tallgrass prairie species such as big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii), 69 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). Land use in the area consists of cropland and rangeland. The Platte River Valley sub eco-region is a flat wide alluvial valley found along the Platte River. The substrate is alluvial sand and silty soils. Land use is cultivated cropland, mostly consisting of center pivot irrigation and urban areas. Flood control along the river and extensive water withdrawal for irrigation have limited seasonal flooding and allowed the growth of hardwood trees in the valley. The Smoky Hills Ecoregion is at the southern border between Nebraska and Kansas. It is a transitional ecoregion between the tallgrass prairie found to the east, and the mixed grass prairie to the west. The climate and native vegetation are variable. Land use consists of cropland and rangeland. Dryland winter wheat is the principal crop. Construction reclamation (Con/Rec) surveys were conducted to identify and characterize existing land uses in combination with vegetation cover to determine the appropriate construction and reclamation procedures to use from the CMRP, as well as agency recommendations on these measures for the specific land use/vegetative cover. The categories developed are called Con/Rec units: Cropland, Conservation Reserve Program, Forest, Improved Pasture and Hayland, Mixed Grasslands, Riparian, Shelterbelt, Sandy Prairie, Tall Grasslands, and Subirrigated Prairie. The surveys were conducted to map Con/Rec units and to obtain data related to depth of topsoil, recommended erosion control measures, and revegetation seed mixtures. This information obtained in each Con/Rec unit also included the mixture of native plants and noxious weeds. Appendix H provides a description of the Con/Rec units, the record of agency consultation in their development, and the summary of the miles of each Con/Rec Unit found. Locations of these Con/Rec units will be placed on the final construction alignment drawings once the route has been selected and surveys can be completed and the final construction alignment drawings will in turn be incorporated into the pipeline construction contract. Summaries of the con/rec sheets can be found in Appendix F followed by the Con/Rec sheets. !"#"$ %&'(')&*+((,-./&012-3+/45*+625-'7-8*'72)&'/5Rainwater Basin The RWBC is scattered throughout a 17-county area in south central Nebraska. Originally this complex covered a much larger area, but now only about ten percent (about 4,200 square miles) of the RWBC has not been drained or filled for farmland. Most of the Rainwater Basin is now privately owned farmland. The NGPC and the USFWS administer the rest of the area for the public. The NGPC manages 30 state-owned Wildlife Management Areas, while the USFWS manages 61 federal Waterfowl Production Areas (Rainwater Basin Joint Venture 2008). The topography is flat to gently rolling, with a poorly developed surface water drainage system that allows many of the watersheds to drain into low lying wetlands (NGPC 2005). The wetlands are shallow, ephemeral depressions that flood quickly during heavy rainstorms and snow melts due to a relatively impervious clay layer lining the depression (USFWS 2005). The area provides resting and feeding areas for more than 300 species of spring migratory birds, 70 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 including 5 to 7 million ducks, 6 million snow geese, one million Canada geese, 90 percent of the mid-continent white fronted goose population, and 500,000 Sandhill cranes (USFWS 2005; 2007). It also provides migration habitat for whooping cranes, bald eagles, and other bird species (NGPC 2005). Other common waterfowl observed include northern pintail, greenwinged teal, and solitary sandpiper (USFWS 2007). The RWBC is host to a diverse assemblage of native plant species, which provide spring and fall habitat for migrating birds. Historically, bison and wildfire kept the wetlands open; however, with bison gone and wildfire controlled, management practices are required to keep these wetlands in a condition favored by ducks, geese, and other water birds. Grassland and Pastures Native or High-Quality Grasslands The primary land use of grassland along the preferred alternative route is for agricultural use, including pivot-head irrigation hay fields and pastures. Native or high-quality grasslands are defined as sites predominantly composed of native grasses, forbs, and shrubs, with very limited exotic weedy plants; locations of these grasslands are included in Table 3.6-2. In addition, native grasslands were considered high quality if they are part of large contiguous tracks of unfragmented landscapes. Lower quality grasslands have less diversity and frequently include non-native species. To identify native or high-quality grasslands occurring along the preferred alternative route in Nebraska, grasslands communities were first identified by aerial photography, topographic maps, and land use data. Aerial interpretation was verified by survey. Plowed cropland and unplowed pastures that have been heavily grazed for a long period of time, or that have been planted with exotic pasture grasses (Bromus inermis, Agropyron cristatum) to the extent that no native grasses were found, were not considered native grasslands. The grassland survey included field reconnaissance of a majority of the centerline along the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route. For each parcel of grassland, a determination of native grassland quality was made based on the following criteria: ! High Quality Grassland: Sites dominated by native grass (>75 percent) and corridor areas adjacent to large tracts of native grasslands. Sites that have a relative high diversity of native grasses (three or more), and native forbs (four or more that are relatively common), with very few exotic weedy plants. Medium Quality Grassland: Sites with a matrix vegetation of native plants and exotic plants (50 to 75 percent native), but with significant disturbance such as moderate to high grazing, pockets of exotic weeds, or pasture grass invasion. Low Quality Grassland: Sites with large areas dominated by exotic species (<50 percent native species) or other pasture grasses. Sites that are heavily grazed with exotic weed invasion prevalent; None: Sites determined in the field to be croplands (including grazed hayfields, etc.). ! ! ! 71 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*'&&+",-.%&/0"11$"23&!45%&"23&67"$-,4&-2&+%#0"18"9& MP Start 600.80 811.15 830.44 830.70 832.04 836.72 838.41 839.32 839.49 861.65 861.75 861.82 872.44 873.41 873.54 873.84 873.99 874.36 ! MP End 601.57 811.46 830.64 830.74 832.13 836.81 838.45 839.43 839.59 861.72 861.77 861.90 873.39 873.50 873.68 873.85 874.00 874.62 Grassland Type Tall Grassland Tall Grassland Tall Grassland Tall Grassland Tall Grassland Tall Grassland Tall Grassland Tall Grassland Tall Grassland Tall Grassland Tall Grassland Tall Grassland Tall Grassland Tall Grassland Tall Grassland Tall Grassland Tall Grassland 2 Grassland Quality Low Medium Medium Low Medium Medium Low Medium Medium Low Low Low Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Mixed Grassland Between MP 600.96 and 601.75, 796.32 and 841.01, and 855.03 and 875.38 are features that were identified, reviewed, and assessed in the FEIS issued in August 2011 " # Surveys are for the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route, where access was granted.# !"#"! $%&'()(*%+,-./%+,01/%.)%&%2+,.&2,3&2.&4%/%2,56.&),$7%8(%', Within the habitat range maps generated by Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (2011), the S!"##$ %&'()$ *"+,-.$ /#'00)1$ &".$ "$ #'2)#'&33+ to be present in the major drainage crossings/floodplains on the preferred alternative route in Nebraska. The Western Prairie 41'56)+$718&'+-.$03()5('"#$1"56)$'58#9+).$(&)$01):)11)+$alternative route in Holt, Antelope, and Boone counties. All other T&E plant species in Nebraska are not currently listed by the State as having a range along the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route (see Table 3.7-1). Surveys were conducted along some portions of the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route in Nebraska as well as previous surveys along the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route. Current plans are for surveys for special status plant species in Nebraska to occur in the spring/summer of 2013. The DOS, as lead federal agency for Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7 consultation, is working with the USFWS to prepare a Biological Assessment (BA) to address listed species issues. 72 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#"$ %&'(&)*+,-.+/-0,*(01+211.*+ When intact soils and vegetative communities are disturbed, there is a greater potential for noxious and invasive weeds to spread into the area. It can be costly in time and money to control and/or eradicate these weeds. The federal, state, and county list of noxious weeds that could potentially occur along the preferred alternative route can be found in Table G1, Appendix G. The locations where noxious weeds have been identified along the preferred alternative route during field surveys is provided in Table 3.6-4 for areas where surveys have been completed. The remainder of the preferred alternative route will be surveyed prior to construction to prepare noxious weed plans for County weed boards. !"#$%&'()*+&&,-./-01&2%%31&4-053&6$-57&89%&4:;<&=->8/-5& -?&89%&=>%?%>>%3&6$8%>5"8/@%&A-08%& Common Name Musk thistle Canada thistle Musk thistle Canada thistle Milepost Enter 601.44 601.63 601.67 830.82 Milepost Exit 601.63 601.67 601.75 830.87 3.7 Wildlife and Fisheries !"3"4 51661*76(,8+2(8.8(91+:;1<(1*+ The preferred alternative route in Nebraska crosses habitat that supports a diversity of wildlife, including big game animals, small game animals and furbearers, waterfowl and game birds, and many other nongame animals. Wildlife habitats along the preferred alternative route include croplands, grasslands/rangelands (mixed-grass prairie, tall-grass prairie, and shrublands), upland forests and wetlands. These vegetation communities provide foraging, cover, and breeding habitats for wildlife. This section addresses common big game animals, small game animals and other nongame animals in the Project area. Section 3.6 of the FEIS, including Table 3.6.1-1 provides additional detail on the species and their habitat association. Threatened and endangered species as well as species that are candidates for listing as threatened and endangered and species that have been identified as conservation concerns are discussed in Section 3.7.5. !"3"= >(?+@,A1+:;1<(1*+ Mule deer, white-tailed deer, and antelope are the principal big game species occurring along the preferred alternative route. Habitat needs vary between the big game species but can still play a large role in the overall population dynamics. The majority of the Project crosses private land that requires landowner permission to gain access to property for hunting. Surveys were not conducted for big game species. 73 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#"! $%&''()&%*($+*,-*.( Small game species that could occur along the preferred alternative route include upland gamebirds, waterfowl, furbearers, and small mammals. Specific species could include mourning dove, northern bobwhite, ring-necked pheasant, greater sage-grouse, greater prairie chicken, sharp-tailed grouse, ruffed grouse, gray partridge, wild turkey, eastern fox squirrel, eastern gray squirrel, red squirrel, eastern cottontail, Sand Hill crane, and a number of migratory waterfowl. Furbearers include beaver, bobcat, red fox, gray fox, swift fox, raccoon, badger, ermine, least weasel, long-tailed weasel, and mink. Surveys were not conducted for small game species on the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route. !"#"/ 0123&%*($+*,-*.( The FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route crosses regions which are inhabited by a diversity of nongame species (e.g., small mammals, raptors, songbirds, amphibian, reptiles). Literature indicates that the presence of nongame birds are associated with open, grassland habitat, although woodland species are also represented along woodland riparian corridors and in upland forests along the initial route. Possible raptors present in open habitats include turkey vulture, burrowing owl, golden eagle, red-!"#$%&' (")*+' ,)"#-./-0.' (")*+' -/1!(%1-' ("11#%1+' ferruginous hawk, American kestrel, short-eared owl, and great horned owl. The woodland"../2#"!%&' 1"3!/1' .3%2#%.' $#*%$4' !/' 5%' 31%.%-!' #-2$6&%' !(%' 7/1!(%1-'8/.(")*+' 9//3%10.' (")*+' broad-winged hawk, long-eared owl, and eastern screech owl. The northern harrier, shorteared owl, and ferruginous hawk are the only ground nesters. Open country species encountered during early surveys included Eastern kingbird, American crow, western and eastern meadowlark, horned lark, and sparrows. Woodpeckers, blue jay, chickadees, wrens, vireos, warblers, and cardinals are typical summer or year-long residents of shrublands and woodlands. Those species that are considered migratory, are discussed under Section 3.6.2.4 of the FEIS (Page 3.6-21). !"#"4 5*6*7&'(&26($8&8*(9718*,8*6($+*,-*.( Table 3.7-1 provides a listing of the federal and state protected species that may be found along the preferred alternative route in Nebraska and their expected habitat/range. Numerous surveys for federally- and state-protected species have been conducted along the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route since 2008. The Biological Assessment that was filed with the FEIS provides the results of those surveys and the anticipated impacts to those species. For the remainder of the preferred alternative route (re-route portion), suitable habitat for protected species was determined from a review of aerial photography, species occurrence locations supplied by the Nebraska Heritage Program, and on-the-ground pedestrian surveys. Species surveys were completed during appropriate flowering or breeding/nesting seasonal time periods in 2012 along portions of the preferred alternative route for piping plover, #-!%1#/1'$%".!'!%1-+'5"$&'%":$%.+'.;"$$')(#!%'$"&40.'.$#33%1+')%.!%1-'31"#1#%'<1#-:%&'/12(#&+'"-&'!(%' river otter. Results of those surveys are provided in survey reports filed with an applicantprepared BA that is being submitted to the DOS. The DOS, working with the USFWS will 74 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 complete the BA and make determinations of effect to species found in the Project area. Based upon the information gathered this year, it is not anticipated that the DOS/USFWS will change their recommendations or conclusions regarding these species from the BA completed in 2011. Survey results are presented in Table I-1 in Appendix I. The University of Nebraska has also collected additional American Burying Beetle (ABB) presence/absence data in the counties traversed by the preferred alternative route in Nebraska. This information will be used by the DOS and USFWS to determine the impacts to this species and the need for Section 9 consultation under the ESA. Surveys for fish species will be completed this fall, pending receipt of a survey permit. Additional listed species surveys for locations where access can be obtained will be completed in 2013, prior to construction. Protective and mitigative measures outlined in the FEIS in Section 3.8 (species and state-specific measures) are still applicable to minimize impacts to listed species. !"#"$ %&'()*+(,-.&(/0!"# $%# $&&'()&# "*# +"),'-# )# .$(/atory bird0# # 1*# +"),'- is defined in the Migratory Bird Treaty Act 234156# )%# +"*# 78/%8'9# :8;"9# %:**"9# <*8;=9# ,$&&9# "/)79# >)7"8/'9# */# >*&&'>"9# */# )""'.7"# "*# 78/%8'9# :8;"9#%:**"9#<*8;=9#,$&&9#"/)79#>)7"8/'9#*/#>*&&'>"- (50 CFR ? 10.12). Activities that remove active migratory bird nests are also considered a take. The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (BGEPA) provides additional protection for bald and golden eagles, prohibiting the take of eagles according to a similar definition of take as described above. Further, the BGEPA 7/'?';"%-#=$%"8/@$;(-#);#')(&'#)>>*/=$;(#"*#":'#A*&&*<$;(#='A$;$"$*;B##+"*#)($")"'#*/#@*":'/#)#@)&=# or golden eagle to a degree that causes, or is likely to cause, based on the best scientific information available, (1) injury to an eagle, (2) a decrease in its productivity, by substantially interfering with normal breeding, feeding, or sheltering behavior, or (3) nest abandonment, by %8@%");"$)&&C# $;"'/A'/$;(#<$":# ;*/.)&# @/''=$;(9#A''=$;(9# */# %:'&"'/$;(# @':)?$*/-# 2DE# FGH#? 22.3 and 72 FR 31132). The MBTA does not have a definition of +disturb-# %8>: as is contained in the BGEPA. The MBTA, in concert with EO 13186 and MOU between the USFWS and BLM provide the basis for protecting migratory birds, with a specific emphasis on Birds of Conservation Concern (BCC). The EO and interagency MOU further inform the MBTA by placing the MBTA within the context of populations and BCC, and provide additional guidance for implementing the MBTA. All of the information that has been gathered to date with respect to migratory birds has been for the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route. The reroute portion of the preferred alternative route will be addressed by the DOS/USFWS during the course of completing the BA. Migratory bird species have the potential to occur along the preferred route in Nebraska. Keystone has conducted annual aerial surveys for raptors and bald eagles along the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route in Nebraska. The preferred alternative route presented 75 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*+&&,%-./01%&23&456%$51%&!&7%#8".9"&!:8%"/%1%;&"1;&<1;"1=%8%;&>6%?5%.&@"1=%&+& Common Name Start MP 599.93 600.79 601.42 618.66 621.52 621.52 644.94 662.85 665.96 706.85 710.78 755.66 758.02 759.06 759.06 772.35 End MP 694.68 617.64 851.68 631.85 630.18 630.18 662.62 735.92 671.29 719.18 716.06 767.98 764.33 767.33 767.33 782.75 Crossing Length (mi) 94.75 16.85 250.26 13.19 8.66 8.66 17.68 73.07 5.33 12.33 5.28 12.31 6.31 8.27 8.27 10.40 Breeding/Habitat Range Federal Status Endangered State Status American Burying Beetle (Nicrophorus americanus) Northern Redbelly Dace (Phoxinus eos) Whooping Crane (Grus Americana) Small White Lady's (Cypripedium candidum) Slipper Estimated current range Estimated current range Primary occurrence area Estimated current range Estimated current breeding range Estimated current breeding range Estimated current range Estimated current range Estimated current range Estimated current range Estimated current range Estimated current range Estimated current range Estimated current breeding range Estimated current breeding range Estimated current breeding range Endangered Threatened Endangered Endangered Threatened Interior Least Tern (Sternula antillarum athalassosa) Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) Western Prairie Fringed (Platanthera praeclara) Western Prairie Fringed Orchid Small White Lady's Slipper Small White Lady's Slipper River Otter (Lutra Canadensis) Small White Lady's Slipper River Otter Interior Least Tern Piping Plover Interior Least Tern Orchid Endangered Threatened Threatened Threatened Endangered Threatened Threatened Threatened Threatened Threatened Threatened Threatened Threatened Endangered Threatened Endangered Endangered Threatened Endangered 76 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*+&&,%-./01%&23&456%$51%&!&7%#8".9"&!:8%"/%1%;&"1;&<1;"1=%8%;&>6%?5%.&@"1=%&+& Common Name Piping Plover River Otter Massasauga catenatus) ! snake (Sistrurus Start MP 772.35 772.68 860.98 End MP 782.75 778.29 875.38 Crossing Length (mi) 10.40 5.62 14.41 Breeding/Habitat Range Estimated current breeding range Estimated current range Estimated current range Federal Status Threatened State Status Threatened Threatened Threatened Between MP 600.96 and 601.75, 796.32 and 841.01, and 855.03 and 875.38 are features that were identified, reviewed, and assessed in the FEIS issued in August 2011 77 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 in this SER will be surveyed in the spring of 2013, since the recent route changes have occurred outside the nesting window for these species. Nest and rookery surveys were not completed in Nebraska in 2012 as a route had not been defined prior to leaf-out on trees. Nest and rookery surveys will be completed in Nebraska prior to construction. In 2011, 8 active raptor nests were located within 0.50 miles of that portion of the current Nebraska route that coincides with the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route for Nebraska. MBTA species will be addressed by the DOS with concurrence from USFWS. !"#"# $%&'()*+,-./&0*-.+ Important fisheries, which are defined as species with recreational or commercial value or threatened, endangered, or sensitive status, may be found in the Project area. The ongoing field studies for the Project are following the same protocols for listed fish species approved for the work in previous surveys, and these studies shall be reported on in the fall of 2012. Aquatic resources includes the perennial streams, rivers, and ponds/lakes that will be crossed by the proposed reroute. The preferred alternative route will cross 5 Class A warmwater fisheries, 10 Class B warmwater fisheries, and 3 Class B coldwater fisheries in Nebraska (Table 3.7-2). Common game fish include catfish, sturgeon, and carp. In addition, forage fish species important to special status species (e.g. interior least tern) are found in the Platte, Niobrara, and Loup Rivers. !"#$%&'()*+&&,"-%&./01%23&4$"00/5/6"7/89&"$89:&;8<7%=& Waterbody Unnamed Creek - Nebraska-South Dakota border to Buffalo Creek (Sec 26-35N-19W) Wolf Creek Spotted Tail Creek Alkali Creek Keya Paha River - Nebraska-South Dakota border (Sec 23-35N-20W) to Niobrara River Niobrara River - Plum Creek to Keya Paha River Niobrara River - Plum Creek to Keya Paha River Niobrara River - Plum Creek to Keya Paha River Niobrara River - Plum Creek to Keya Paha River Beaver Creek County Approximate MP Fishery Class 2 Keya Paha Keya Paha Keya Paha Keya Paha 602.05 610.55 613.74 616.96 Warmwater B Coldwater B^ Coldwater B Warmwater B Boyd Boyd Boyd Holt Holt Holt 618.05 626.00 626.02 626.11 626.20 626.85 Warmwater A Warmwater A Warmwater A Warmwater A Warmwater A Coldwater B 78 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*+&&,"-%&./01%23&4$"00/5/6"7/89&"$89:&;8<7%=& Waterbody Big Sandy Creek - Spring Creek to Niobrara River Unnamed Creek (Sec 33-32N-14W) Unnamed Creek (Sec 24-32N-14W) Brush Creek - Headwaters to Unnamed Creek (Sec 24-32N-14W) North Branch Eagle Creek Middle Branch Eagle Creek East Branch Eagle Creek Redbird Creek - Headwaters to Blackbird Creek South Branch Verdigre Creek Headwaters to East Branch Verdigre Creek (Sec 33-29N-7W) Big Springs Creek Elkhorn River - Cedar Creek to North Fork Elkhorn River Beaver Creek - Rae Creek (Sec 1121N-7W) to Bogus Creek Plum Creek Loup River - Confluence of North and Middle Loup Rivers to Loup River Canal Division (Sec 6-16N4W) Prairie Creek Platte River - Wood River to Loup Power Canal (Sec 35-17N-1E) Beaver Creek - Headwaters to Unnamed Creek (Sec. 12-10N-2W) West Fork Big Blue River - School Creek to Beaver Creek Turkey Creek - Unnamed Creek (Sec 27-7N-2W) to Spring Creek ! County Holt Holt Holt Approximate MP Fishery Class 2 632.69 639.97 640.27 Medium warmwater - Holt Holt Holt Holt Holt 642.51 646.83 649.32 653.08 663.03 Coldwater B Coldwater B Coldwater B Coldwater B Coldwater B Holt Antelope Antelope Boone Nance 680.00 683.07 713.37 743.79 759.61 Coldwater B Warmwater A^ Warmwater A^ Warmwater B^ Nance Nance Polk York York Fillmore 761.67 766.62 775.12 803.36 812.83 831.80 Warmwater A^ Warmwater B^ Warmwater A^ Warmwater B^ Warmwater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ransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Table 3.7-3 provides information on how the surface water fisheries are identified for the State of Nebraska with a brief description of the definition on each classification. !"#$%&'()*'&&+,-."/%&0"1%-&2$"334.4/"1456&.5-&7%#-"38"& Class A Warmwater Waters provide or could provide a habitat suitable for maintaining one or more identified key species on a year-round basis. Waters also are capable of maintaining year-round populations of a variety of other warmwater fish and associated vertebrate and invertebrate organisms and plants. Waters where the variety of warmwater biota is presently limited by water volume or flow, water quality (natural or irretrievable human-induced conditions), substrate composition, or other habitat conditions. These waters are only capable of maintaining year-round populations of tolerant warmwater fish and associated vertebrate and invertebrate organisms and plants. Key species may be supported on a seasonal or intermittent basis (e.g., during high flows), but year-round populations cannot be maintained. Waters which provide or could provide a habitat capable of maintaining year-round populations of a variety of coldwater fish and associated vertebrate and invertebrate organisms and plants or which supports the seasonal migration of salmonids. These waters do not support natural reproduction of salmonid populations due to limitations of flow, substrate composition, or other habitat conditions, but salmonid population may be maintained year-round if periodically stocked. Class B ! Warmwater Class B Coldwater !"#"$ %&'()*)+&,-&..&(*.)/0,/'1,234/*)5,6)010)7&,%8&5)&(, This analysis addresses 14 federally listed and Candidate species that were identified by the USFWS and state wildlife agencies as potentially occurring in the Project area. The species included Black-footed Ferret, Red Wolf, Eskimo Curlew, Greater Sage-Grouse, Interior Least Tern Mountain Plover, Spragues Pipit, Whooping Crane, Pallid Sturgeon, Topeka Shiner, American Burying Beetle, Blowout Penstemon, and Western Prairie Fringed Orchid. Preliminary impact determinations based on: 1) correspondence with the USFWS, BLM, and state wildlife agencies; 2) habitat requirements and the known distribution of these species within the Project area; and 3) habitat analyses and field surveys that were conducted for these species in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012. Potential impacts associated with electrical infrastructure required for the Project are based on the 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 biological surveys where available. Five federally listed or Candidate species initially identified as potentially occurring within the Project area were evaluated during consultation, but were eliminated from detailed analysis based on further review of the location of the Project relative to the species' known distribution, habitat associations, or additional information provided by federal or state agencies The Rural Utilities Service, an agency within the US Department of Agriculture; and Western Area Power Administration, an agency of the US Department of Energy would consult with USFWS where potential impacts to federally protected species may occur under Section 7 of the ESA when final routing and construction procedures for electrical power lines have been determined. Although power providers are dealing directly with USFWS on Section 7 consultations potential impacts and conservation measures for electric distribution lines are presented within the BA. 80 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Biological field surveys within the Project footprint (e.g., pipeline ROW, pump stations, access roads, pipe yards, contractor yards, extra workspace, etc.) were initiated in spring 2008. These surveys were conducted along the centerline and an Environmental Report was filed with the DOS in November 2008. Additional surveys along the ROW have continued every year through the summer of 2012, to accommodate route alignment modifications, granting of access permissions by private landowners, and additional agency requests for surveys. If necessary, additional species-specific field surveys would be conducted prior to construction, in coordination with the appropriate agencies. Initial surveys to determine habitat and presence/absence on the Project for the ABB were conducted in August 2008 with the completion of a habitat assessment. Known historic occurrence data exists along the Project route in Keya Paha, Rock, Holt, Wheeler, and Greeley counties (along the FEIS route through Sandhills, which has since been abandoned), and this assessment identified suitable habitat crossed by the Project within these counties. Keystone will be consulting with USFWS to obtain additional ABB presence data being collected by permitted scientists in the area for planned wind farms and other developments. Other surveys for special status species were conducted from 2008 through 2012 to identify potential habitats and the presence/absence for other species. Studies ongoing for other species will be completed in the fall of 2012 and spring of 2013. 3.8 Land Use !"#"$ %&'()*+',-./01)&'()2.,) The preferred alternative route in Nebraska results in crossing no federal government-owned land, and only limited state and local government land. See Table 3.8-1 for details on the linear mileage crossed by the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route, categorized by surface ownership. Lands along the preferred alternative route are primarily privately owned. No tribal reserve lands are crossed by the preferred alternative route. The State of Nebraska, Department of Education, manages the state land that is crossed. Land use is classified in the following manner: ! Developed: lands used for residential areas as well as industrial and commercial areas. Specifically, these areas contain all houses, structures, roads, railroads, windbreaks, and cleared ROW, but are not limited to just these listed; Agriculture/cropland: land suitable for or used for the cultivation of crops; Grassland/Rangeland: land that is occupied by native herbaceous or shrubby vegetation, which is grazed by domestic or wild herbivores. Grasslands can be native or improved land; Forest Land: land consisting of wooded upland forests. This land is dominated by trees and shrubs and includes areas planted with trees for the pulp and/or paper industry; Water: rivers, streams, creeks, bayous, ponds, lakes, etc.; and ! ! ! ! 81 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 ! Wetlands: low-lying areas of land that are saturated with moisture, especially when regarded as the natural habitat of wildlife. These lands include emergent wetlands, scrub/shrub wetlands, and forested wetlands. !"#$%&'()*+&&,-./"0%&123%.4567&8.944%:&#;&<5%&=.9794%:&=.9>%0<& State Percent of Total Length 98.2% 1.5% Nebraska 0.02% 0.3% 1 Miles Crossed 266.12 6.71 0.02 0.75 ! Ownership Type Private State Local Government Waterbody Provides the linear mileage crossed by the preferred alternative route of the Project, categorized by surface ownership. Includes Highway ROW. !"#$%!!This table reflects a compendium of data sources from plat books and deed records from NE counties, cadastral survey data from GAP analysis data from USGS (http://gapanalysis.usgs.gov/) , and Keystone Project field survey data. Any small errors indicated in these summary numbers are due to rounding errors. Table 3.8-2 lists the miles crossed by the preferred alternative route, categorized by land use. The predominant land use along the preferred alternative route is agricultural. Agriculture is comprised of croplands, grasslands/range, and land hayed for livestock. Pivot irrigation is used for cropland operations in a significant portion of the southern preferred route. There are some minor developed areas along the preferred route and very few wetlands. !"#$%&'()*?&&@"3:&A4%&8.944%:& Land Use Type FEIS Preferred Alternative Route (Mileage) Reroute Portion of Preferred Alternative Route (Mileage) Developed Agriculture/ Cropland Grassland /Pastureland Forest Land Open Water Wetlands Total 1.58 56.44 6.24 1.24 0.21 0.08 65.79 3.06 141.17 59.01 2.92 1.21 1.28 208.65 Table 3.8-3 provides an estimate of the construction and operation impact acreage of the preferred alternative route in Nebraska. 82 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*'&&+",-&./%&012"34/&5637%/8&9& FEIS portion of Preferred Alternative Route (Acres) Construction Impact Operation Impact Reroute portion of Preferred Alternative Route (Acres) Construction Impact Operation Impact Land Use Type Developed Agriculture/ Cropland Grassland /Rangeland Forest Land Open Water Wetlands Total ! 19.19 752.08 83.80 16.55 2.84 .78 875.24 9.59 342.31 38.01 7.42 1.25 0.47 399.05 41.44 1,881.35 35.39 779.82 11.72 13.32 2,763.04 18.57 855.95 17.90 357.12 7.32 7.68 1264.54 Does not include any off-ROW ancillary facilities or pump stations !"#"$ %&'&()*&+,-./+01&23+&/43.(05)66&783.(,97&.2, There are no residences or public assembly places within 50 feet of the preferred alternative route within Nebraska. Places of public assembly are defined as hospitals, churches, government buildings, and assembly halls, etc. There are 27 residences and 318 nonresidence structures within 500 feet of the preferred alternative route. Non-residence structures include outbuildings, commercial structures, and windmills. !"#"! :7.22(./+01./;&(./+09;738<(4<7&, Rangeland generally is described as native grass or shrub land grazed by livestock or wild herbivores. Agriculture/cropland is any land suitable for or used for the cultivation of crops. Along with agricultural land use, the NRCS has determined prime farmland soils have the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing crops and are available for these uses; however, not all prime farmland soils are used for agricultural purposes. NRCS soil service databases were reviewed to identify potential prime farmland (see Section 3.3). !"#"= >&4(./+2,./+,>.4&7?)+3&2, Wetlands and waterbodies are significant resources for the health of human and natural environments. These features provide habitat for a wide variety of plant and animal species, a natural cleansing and filtering process that helps feed the groundwater sources, and can be used as a marker to determine what the health of certain plant and animal communities. The reroute portion of the preferred alternative route crosses 160 of a total of 201 waterbodies (Appendix F-1), and 43 of a total of 47 wetlands (Appendix F-5). !"#"@ 1&87&.43)/,./+,A*&83.(,B/4&7&24,97&.2, The preferred alternative route in Nebraska does not impact any known recreation areas, Wetland Reserve Program (WRP) land, or Nebraska Land Trust tracts. Approximately 53.9 acres of land owned by the Nebraska Board of Education and other School Lands, and 83 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 approximately 73.48 non-contiguous acres of land included in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) will be impacted by construction (see Table 3.8-4). Keystone would negotiate an agreement with the Nebraska Board of Education in the same manner as it would negotiate an agreement with a private landowner. While CRP lands would undergo temporary and permanent impacts, pipeline construction and operation should have no effec!" #$" %&$'#($)*+," -&*!./.-&!.#$" .$" !0)" 1234" " 566)/!)'" %&$'#($)*+" (#7%'" 8)" *)97.*)'" !#" contact their local Farm Service Agency (FSA). The FSA would require that landowners, prior to pipeline construction, notify the FSA of the planned construction activities; Keystone would commit to restoring their land to its pre-construction condition. In doing so, land owners would not lose their eligibility for participation in the CRP. Keystone has indicated that cleanup will occur immediately after backfill operations, when favorable seasonal and weather conditions allow (Appendix L - CMRP, Section 4.10). Should CRP participants be required to leave the program because of the Project, Keystone will compensate them for any lost CRP payments, including any retroactive forfeited payments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ransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September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site file search and literature review within a five-mile radius of the preferred alternative route in Nebraska was conducted by American Research Group (ARG) at the NSHS, Lincoln, Nebraska. The purpose of the records search and literature review was to determine the nature and extent of archaeological investigations conducted to date in the portions of east-central Nebraska traversed by the preferred alternative route and to identify the number and nature of previously recorded sites located within five miles. The very broad search corridor (five miles) was requested by the Nebraska SHPO in order to develop a context for potential sites that might be located within the preferred alternative route; however, only previously recorded sites located within one mile of the route centerline were examined in depth. The review also sought to identify potential historic sites within the rerouted portion of the preferred alternative route and to determine potential locations for geomorphological investigations. Results of Record Search: Previous Archaeological Investigations and Recorded Archaeological Sites The search found that a total of 48 surveys have been conducted within the five-mile radius and that a total of 176 archaeological sites have been recorded within that parameter. Thirty-one of the previously recorded sites are within one mile of the preferred alternative route and are 86 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 presented in confidential Appendix K-1. Four sites appear to be located within the preferred alternative route and 27 are located within distances of 0.09 mile to 1 mile of the centerline. Twenty-two of these sites are prehistoric in origin; eight date to the historic period; and one contains both prehistoric and historic components. The NRHP eligibility listings for these sites are mostly unevaluated or unknown. There is at least one site that has been evaluated as potentially eligible to the NRHP. Results of Record Search: Previously Recorded Architectural Properties A review of documented architectural sites within 1/4 mile of the preferred alternative route in Nebraska was conducted by ARG on April 10, 2012. Forty-three architectural properties were identified within ! mile of the preferred alternative route, one of which has been evaluated as eligible and five which have been evaluated as potentially eligible for NRHP listing in Nebraska Historic Buildings Survey (NeHBS) reports. Of the 43 properties, most are situated adjacent to or within ! mile of the preferred alternative route. The 43 properties are presented in confidential Appendix K-2. Results of Record Search: Potential Historic Sites A study of General Land Office plats, county histories, historic maps and atlases, and various other historic sources indicated the potential presence of a minimum of 84 historic sites within 1/4 of the preferred alternative route (Appendix K-3). These sources identify a variety of potential site types, including 61 houses or farmsteads, 13 schools, one historic town, one historic cemetery, one church, five historic roads, one rock quarry, and one historic prairie dog town. In addition, the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route corridor crosses potential locations of historic activities possibly related to Pawnee villages and burial sites in Nance and Polk counties, as well as scattered activity areas of the Pawnee and Sioux. Results of Record Search: Geomorphological Investigation Locations Based on the review of the USGS topographic maps of the preferred alternative route, 24 locations were evaluated as having the potential for containing buried landscapes and, consequently, were selected for geomorphological investigation (Appendix K-4). Five of the selected drainages are rivers!the Keya Paha, Niobrara, Elkhorn, Loup, and Platte!and all but one of the remainder are perennial streams. 87 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Results of Field Investigations The field survey corridor measures 500 feet in width and is centered on the pipeline centerline. Cultural resource surveys for the preferred alternative route in Nebraska commenced May 23, 2012, and are ongoing. All data presented here reflect the survey results through August 8, 2012. Through August 8, 2012 84.49 miles (40.5 %) of the 208.59 miles of the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route have been surveyed. Approximately 65.36 miles (99.35 %) of the 65.86 miles of the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route have been surveyed. The survey progress for the preferred alternative route in Nebraska totals 149.84 miles (54.60%) of the 274.45 total pipeline miles in Nebraska. The survey efforts for the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route have resulted in the recording of 40 archaeological sites, 26 archaeological find spots and 12 historic architectural properties within the 500 foot survey corridor (Appendix K-5, K-6, and K-7). Of the 40 archaeological (Appendix K-5) sites recorded during survey of the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route, five are prehistoric and consist of lithic scatters representing field camps and limited activity areas. One of the prehistoric sites is evaluated as potentially eligible for the NRHP. Thirty-two of the archaeological sites are historic, including former farmsteads, rural schools, a cemetery, dump/discard areas, and farmyards. Five of the historic sites are evaluated as potentially eligible for the NRHP. Three of the archaeological sites are multicomponent (having both prehistoric and historic components) and two of these are evaluated as potentially eligible for the NRHP. Of the 26 archaeological find spots (Appendix K-6), 12 are prehistoric and 14 are historic. Mainly, the find spots are one, and occasionally, two artifacts, although one find spot contains an isolated horse burial, while two are historic road cuts associated with township section lines. All of the find spots exhibit very low research potential and are evaluated as ineligible for listing to the NRHP. The 12 historic architectural properties (Appendix K-7) identified within the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route include four farmsteads, three windmills with water tanks, an outhouse, and three active railroads. The above-ground historic buildings at one of the farmsteads are evaluated as potentially eligible. When the sites recorded within the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route are combined with the sites recorded along the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route, there are a total of 62 archaeological sites, 15 historic architectural properties, and 27 archaeological find spots along the preferred alternative route in Nebraska. The results of all cultural resource investigations for the preferred alternative route are presented in Appendix K. Specific information for all sites recorded on the FEIS portion of the preferred route alternative is included in the FEIS. !"#$%&#'()'*"(+(,-.(%(/012%'345"#&0/2&0(4#' ' Investigations were conducted by ARG at nine of the 24 identified locations between May 30 and June 21, 2012. The remaining 15 locations could not be completely assessed due to 88 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 access limitations and route changes. Appendix K-4 presents the information obtained by coring and/or field observations at the nine sites and the recommendations for further work at each. Since the issuance of the FEIS, ARG has submitted an addendum report, A Phase I Cultural Resources Survey of the Steele City Segment in Nebraska of the Proposed Keystone XL Pipeline Project in Keya Paha, Rock, Holt, Garfield, Wheeler, Greeley, Boone, Nance, Merrick, Hamilton, York, Fillmore, Saline, and Jefferson Counties, Nebraska. This report is included in Appendix K to this SER. 3.10 Social and Economic Conditions !"#$"# %&'(&)'&*&+(',The Project in Nebraska crosses 12 counties. Those counties that are crossed include Keya Paha, Boyd, Holt, Antelope, Boone, Nance, Merrick, Polk, York, Fillmore, Saline and Jefferson. All communities within two miles of the preferred alternative route in Nebraska are listed in Table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able 3.10-2 summarizes the population, unemployment rate, and income trends in the Nebraska counties crossed by the preferred alternative route. The preferred alternative route traverses predominantly rural and very sparsely populated areas, with county population densities ranging from approximately less than two to 25 people per square mile. In general, populations of the affected counties have declined from 2000 to 2010, as the trend of rural populations moving to larger metropolitan areas continues. Only one affected county, Saline, recorded increased population from 2000 to 2010. York County is the most densely 89 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 populated county affected by the preferred alternative route, and the least densely populated county is Keya Paha. !"#$%&'()*+,&&-./0.%/.1.20/&3.14050.16&01&788%/5%4&3.9150%6& Population Density Percent C hange in Population 2000-2010 6.7 -16.2 -1.6 -9.7 -10.3 -12 -7.5 -4.4 -4.1 -6.4 -11.2 2.6 -9.4 (per square mile) 2010 23.8 1.1 3.9 4.3 7.8 8 8.5 16.2 12 23.9 10.2 24.7 13.2 !! Per C apita Personal Income 2010 $25,229 $20,691.00 $21,003.00 $22,498.00 $20,419.00 $22,790.00 $21,457.00 $21,819.00 $23,831.00 $25,412.00 $21,990.00 $20,431.00 $21,976.00 !! M edian Household Income 2010 $49,342 $32,000 $34,906 $43,452 $37,058 $40,703 $41,610 $46,116 $48,444 $47,689 $43,167 $45,469 $42,665 !! Unemployment Rate (%) 2010 3.6 0 5.6 1.3 1.9 1.8 3.4 4.2 4.8 0.9 1.4 3.1 4.5 Population County 1,2 2000 1,711,263 983 2,438 11,551 7,452 6,259 4,038 8,204 5,639 14,598 6,634 13,843 8,333 2010 1,826,341 824 2,099 10,435 6,685 5,505 3,735 7,845 5,406 13,665 5,890 14,200 7,547 Nebraska Keya Paha Boyd Holt Antelope Boone Nance Merrick Polk York Fillmore Saline Jefferson " 3 #$$%&'%(!&)*+',%-!,+&.*(%!'/)-%!0/%1%!&)+-'1*&',)+!,-!21)2)-%(! 4)*+',%-!51%!.,-'%(!6%)6152/,&5..78!+)1'/!')!-)*'/8!9)*1&%:!;9!4%+-*-!<*1%5*! !"#$"! %&'()*+ Table 3.10-2 presents the per capita income, median household income, and unemployment rate for each affected county along the preferred alternative route. With the exception of York County, all affected counties along the preferred route have per capita incomes lower than the State average. All affected counties have lower median household incomes than the state of Nebraska. With the exceptions of Boyd, Merrick, Polk, and Jefferson counties, all affected counties have a lower percentage of unemployment than the state of Nebraska. !"#$", %&-./01.2'12.*+ Housing availability across the preferred route is a function of the housing stock, recent economics, population change, the inventory of short-term lodging accommodations, such as recreational vehicle (RV) parks and hotel and motel rooms, and demand for housing from other sources. Table 3.10-3 summarizes the base housing stock in Nebraska counties crossed by the preferred alternative route in Nebraska. 90 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()*+'&&,-./012&3//%//4%15&6-7&8-.150%/&"$-12&59%&:7%6%77%;&<-.5%& ("%)*' ("%)*' 56$%)*' +"#,-$.' 56$%)*' 7)8)$8&' >#-*?-$.' /$-%,' /$-%,' 5)%6'094' +"%6*:;"%6*' @6A<-%,' !"#$%&' 012324' 012324' 012324' 5""<,' 57'=-%6,' 012324' B6CA),D)' !! !! !! !! !! !! "#$%! &%'%! (()! **+! ,-.! )! /)! )! 01$2! *34,)! *(*! ,-*! /4! 4! )! 5167! (/+(! *4*,! 8-8! /+4! **! ,! Antelope Boone Nance Merrick Polk York Fillmore Saline Jefferson 3,291 2,668 1,791 3,696 2,739 6,214 2,934 5,744 3,933 756 656 396 940 556 1908 639 1716 977 1.1 8.6 6.1 4.7 4.5 8.5 3.4 11.8 9.3 41 34 16 33 489 535 26 77 209 253 0 0 0 2 0 0 483 0 10 3 15 17 3 23 3 17 3 The most pertinent component of local housing, for purposes of the preferred alternative route, is the inventory of short-term accommodations. Such accommodations include RV spaces, motel and hotel rooms, and campgrounds. In some instances, recreational cabins and seasonal housing for migratory workers also may be available. As indicated in Table 3.10-3 most of the rural counties along the preferred alternative route have a very limited supply of short term housing. !"#$"% &'()*+,-./0*+.1,234,52+*)*6*.1, Table 3.10-4 outlines selected public services and facilities serving the proposed preferred route in Nebraska. In general, the public services available are functions of the size and population of the county and the number of larger communities in the county. There are multiple law enforcement providers including the respective state patrols, county sheriffs, and local police departments. In many instances, mutual aid/cooperative agreements among agencies allow members of one agency to provide support or backup to other agencies in emergency situations. A network of fire departments and districts provide fire protection and suppression services across the region. Many of the fire districts across the preferred alternative route are staffed by volunteers and are housed in stations located in the larger communities. Table 3.10-4 lists the critical access facilities for each county that are within approximately 50 miles of the preferred route. Non-federal, short-term, acute care facilities nearest the route also are identified on the table. For each county along the preferred route there is at least one acute 91 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 care facility either within the county crossed or near the preferred route in a neighboring county, providing emergency medical care and, in several cases, also serving as the base for local emergency medical response and transport services. !"#$%&'()*+,&&-./01/23&45#$/6&7%89/6%0&"2:&;"6/$/1/%0&"$<23&48%=%88%:&>$1%82"1/9%&?<51%! County Keya Paha Boyd Holt Antelope Boone Nance Merrick Polk York Fillmore Saline Jefferson 3 5 Police/Sheriff Departments 1 2 5 1 4 1 4 1 2 3 4 Fire Departments 2 3 2 1 3 2 3 2 3 6 5 Nearest Medical Facilities Brown County Hospital (Ainsworth) Niobrara Valley Hospital (Lynch) Avera St. !"#$%"&'()*%(+,#-.)/0123,.4 Antelope Memorial Hospital (Neligh) Boone County Health Center (Albion) Boone County Health Center (Albion) Litzenberg Memorial County Hospital (Central City) Annie Jeffrey (Osceola) Memorial County Health Center York General Hospital (York) Fillmore County Hospital (Geneva) Crete Area Medical Center (Crete); Warren Memorial Hospital (Friend) Jefferson Community Health C enter (Fairbury); Thayer County Health Services (Hebron) !"#$"% &'()*+,-.+*/'01(2'3(, Table 3.10-5 presents the estimated property taxes for each county traversed by the pipeline in Nebraska. These property tax estimates are based on the projected costs in each County as if valued by the Nebraska Department of Revenue (DOR) using current actual average tax rates for each county. The actual property taxes paid will be based on the final valuation determined by the DOR when the new pipeline goes into service and in subsequent years using county tax rates based on their individual budget requirements. !"#$%&'()*+@&&-01/A"1%:&485;./4?@/05;& Total County Project Costs $45,578,582 $94,708,742 $90,138,125 $48,834,195 $132,137,703 $1,109,842,618 Percent of Total State Cost 4.11% 8.53% 8.12% 4.40% 11.91% 100% Estimated Minimum $102,669 $213,338 $203,043 $110,003 $297,650 $2,500,000 Estimated Maximum $123,203 $256,006 $243,651 $132,003 $357,180 $3,000,000 County 1 Polk York Fillmore Saline Jefferson Total ! $2,500,000 $3,000,000 Range of Estimates "#$%&'()"(%*)*"+%$"(%,-).'*".-(/,0'0"0,'")%"$'$%,)'*"123'"-%)"4''-"0')'$5.-'0" 3.11 Public Safety The information presented in this section is also found in Section 3.13 of the FEIS. Prior to operations of the proposed Project, Keystone will prepare and submit an ERP to PHMSA for approval. The ERP is applicable during pipeline operations and maintenance activities. An ERP was previously developed by Keystone for the existing Keystone pipeline system and approved by PHMSA. The ERP for the proposed Project would have the same general approach as presented in the Keystone ERP but would have many Project-specific differences, such as the names and contact information for responders along the Project route and the project-specific environmental and public health vulnerabilities. In addition, as required by 49 CFR ?!"#$!%&'( )*+( ,-.( /0123))+4( )5( .6789( :50;4( 3<=;04+( >?@A5=+40A+/( B<4( B( ;3/)( 5C( resources for responding, to the maximum extent practicable, to a worst case discharge, and to a substantive threat of such a discharge.! Once the Project route is finalized, field work would commence to collect relevant information for incorporation into the Project ERP which would then be submitted to PHMSA for review and approval. The crude oil being transported by Keystone will come from a variety of different sources and locations. The properties will range from a light crude oil, such as found in the Bakken formation, to a heavy crude oil, such as found in the Western Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Table 3.11-1 provides the characteristics of a variety of crude oils for comparative purpose. Moving heavy crude oil by pipeline requires producers to reduce the specific gravity of the bitumen, generally by diluting it with light, low-viscosity diluents. The most common diluents are condensate and synthetic oil. (Condensate is a very light oil obtained from natural gas @A540=)35<'(:*3;+(/D<)*+)3=(53;(3/(0@EAB4+4(13)02+<$F((G*+(A+/0;)343;13),H(3/( a blended oil that is comparable with other types of heavy crude oils, such as those already being transported and processed by other pipelines and refineries across the US, including those from Canada, California, Venezuela, Russia, and Nigeria. Keystone does not conduct the 1;+<43,0$)*$1$77?")*$">@AB"/0(" other stakeholders have raised questions and concerns about ensuring that a proper response is available to minimize environmental or human resource damage in the event of a release of product from the pipeline. Keystone will establish additional procedures that will identify, communicate, and provide a proper response to potential spills. This is further described in the FEIS (Section 3.13). Responses are predicated on a number of possible issues whose variables could include location, weather conditions, type of spill, containment options, accessibility, type of material, and the natural or human resource receptors that could possibly be affected. However, Keystone will identify emergency response resources, including personnel and equipment that 96 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 will be stored in locations to allow them to respond within a maximum of six hours in high volume areas and twelve hours in all other areas as required by regulations. Keystone will transport a wide range of crude oil types, including heavy and light crude oils. In the event of a spill, Keystone will provide emergency responders a MSDS for the specific product(s) in the batch(es) of crude oil involved in the spill. MSDS sheets are specific to the crude oil being transported, are proprietary to the individual producers, and will vary considerably. To illustrate the ends of the range of crude oils that may be transported on the pipeline, Keystone has provided in Appendix N crude oil fact sheets which reflect information similar to that provided in an MSDS, for representative light and heavy crude oils with diluent factored into these crude oils. 97 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 98 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 4.0 Environmental Consequences 4.1 Assumptions !"#$ %&'(#)*+,$ )'-,*&.)*/'-0$ '1#&2*/'-0$ &#)3242*/'n methods, and environmental protection measures included in the updated CMRP, presented in Appendix L, will be implemented on all Nebraska land regardless of ownership unless specific exceptions are requested by landowners. Individual landowners may include specific construction and reclamation requirements in ROW agreements with Keystone. Site-specific requirements are likely to result in similar or less environmental impact than discussed here. Keystone will acquire all necessary federal, state, and local permits and approvals to construct and operate the Project (not including power lines, which would be permitted, constructed, and operated by power providers), regardless of whether these permits and approvals are listed in this document. 4.2 Guidelines Fo&$*"#$1#&$23*#&-2*/7#$&'.*#$/-$8#9&2,:20$*"#$*#&4$;<'-,*&.)*/'-$%"2,#=$/-)3.6#,$ surface-disturbing activities necessary to construct the pipeline, pump stations, pigging stations, valves, ancillary facilities, and permanent access roads so that the pipeline system can be placed into service. Reclamation activities for areas where the surface was disturbed also commence during this phase but will continue into the operation phase. >'&$*"#$1#&$23*#&-2*/7#$&'.*#$/-$8#9&2,:20$*"#$*#&4$;?1#&2*/'-$%"2,#=$/,$*"#$1#&/'6 commencing immediately following the Construction Phase whereby the facilities are commissioned and placed in service. Activities in this phase include the transportation of crude oil in the Project. This definition also includes normal operations, routine pipeline ground and aerial inspections, emergency response activities, routine internal and external integrity inspections, repairs along short segments of the entire pipeline, and future reclamation activities such as reseeding and repair of erosion control structures. Prior to abandonment, Keystone will coordinate with appropriate federal and state land management agencies to ensure that abandonment procedures follow agency-approved procedures at that time. For all resources, unless specific exceptions are stated, short-term impacts are those that would occur over a 5-year period or less, while long-term impacts are those that exceed 5 years. Keystone has committed to implement the environmental protection measures included in the updated CMRP (Appendix L) and the PHMSA Special Conditions, which were used to evaluate environmental impacts. Keystone has committed to implement the construction and reclamation plans, included in Appendix H, which were used to determine construction procedures in sensitive resource areas. 99 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 4.3 Proposed Action !"#"$ %&'()*+,&-.( Construction Phase Construction air emissions typically would be localized, intermittent, and temporary since pipeline construction would move through an area relatively quickly (see FEIS Section 3.12.1.3, Pages 3.12-16 through 3.12-19). In addition, the emissions are spread over time as well as the length of the construction spread. The construction-related emissions associated with the proposed Project would be temporary and localized and would not produce major long-term effects on local or regional air quality. Operation Phase Operational impacts would include minimal fugitive emissions from crude oil pipeline connections and pumping equipment at the pump stations, back-up generators for control equipment and motor-operated IMLVs, and minimal emissions from mobile sources (FEIS, Section 3.12.1.3, Pages 3.12-19 and 3.12-20). No emissions are expected to require permits or contribute to long-term local or regional air quality (see also Appendix M). Potential impacts to air quality from an operational spill are discussed in FEIS Section 3.13.6.8 on Pages 3.13-100 and 3.13-101. !"#"/ 012,23.4(5&61'+,74(+68(9+,126-2,23.( Construction Phase The proposed Project would not involve substantial long or short-term, large scale alteration of topography. Most of the preferred route would be within areas where bedrock is buried by unconsolidated sediments consisting of glacial till, alluvium, colluvium, loess and/or Aeolian deposits. In these areas, impacts to bedrock would be expected to be minimal and limited to areas where bedrock is within 8 feet of the surface. Potential impacts to paleontological resources during construction include damage to or destruction of fossils due to excavation activities, erosion of fossil beds due to grading, and unauthorized collection of fossils. Between MPs 603.5 and 639.1 of the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route there is the potential to impact Class 5 (very high quality) fossils. Keystone is developing a Nebraska Paleontology Mitigation Plan. Fossils or other paleontological resources found on private land would only be recovered with approval of the landowner and, therefore, may be unavailable for scientific study. Any fossils discovered prior to or during construction will be returned to the landowner. Potential construction spill impacts to geological, mineral, or paleontological resources are discussed in FEIS Section 3.13.6.1, Page 3.13-85. The preferred route does not cross any surface mines, quarries, oil and gas wells, or coal deposits. No impacts to mineral resources are expected. 100 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Operation Phase Routine pipeline operation and maintenance activities would not be expected to affect physiography or surface or bedrock geology. Potential impacts to surface sediments and topography due to accelerated erosion or soil compaction are addressed in the updated CMRP (Appendix L) and will be in effect for the operation of the Project. Potential operational spill impacts to geological, mineral, or paleontological resources are discussed in FEIS Section 3.13.6.1, Page 3.13-85. !"#"# $%&'() Construction Phase Pipeline construction activities, including clearing, grading, trench excavation, backfilling, equipment traffic, and restoration along the construction ROW, could adversely affect soil resources. In addition, the construction of pump stations, access roads, and construction camp could also affect soil resources. Potential impacts could include temporary and short-term soil erosion, loss of topsoil, short-term to long-term soil compaction, permanent increases in the proportion of large rocks in the topsoil, soil mixing, and short-term to permanent soil contamination. The updated Project CMRP (Appendix L) includes construction procedures that are designed to reduce the likelihood and severity of proposed Project impacts. Project impacts on soils are assessed assuming these construction procedures will be implemented Section 3.2.2.1, Pages 3.2-5 through 3.2-12, of the FEIS provides the details of the measures Keystone will undertake to address soil impacts. Potential construction spill impacts to soils and sediments are discussed in FEIS Section 3.13.6.2, Page 3.13-86. To address concerns related to potential erosion in areas of steep topography and highly erodible soils, specific construction, reclamation, and post-construction procedures have been developed, as described in the CMRP (fragile soils, Appendix L), and in a document, Sandy Prairie Construction/Reclamation Unit, (a site-specific reclamation plan that itemizes construction, erosion control, and revegetation procedures in sandy soils) presented in Appendix H. When ground is disturbed by construction activity, the possibility of adverse impacts on soil resources is increased. In almost all situations the vegetation is removed, which reduces stability within the soils in the work area. Some impacts are temporary and short-term, such as disturbance to the topsoil and the mycorrhizae in the soil along the root systems of the disturbed vegetation. Other, long-term potential impacts would include compaction, subsurface deposition of rocks larger than previous to disturbance, and possible soil contamination. Plans are put in place early in the planning process to mitigate for these possible impacts. A clean-up and disposal plan is prepared for use should contamination of soil become an issue. Some agricultural fields have existing drain tile systems installed, and the proper reinstallation of these devices will be completed. The CMR Plan (Appendix L) includes specific construction techniques, plans and methodology that can reduce these impacts. 101 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Soil Erosion. After the ground is disturbed the temporary and permanent ROW immediately becomes vulnerable to erosive mechanisms. Stabilization of the soils in a timely and effective manner are necessary to reduce any possible negative impacts. Both wind erosion and waterinduced erosion are highly possible. This could create a down-gradient issue by increasing soil particles in water bodies, drainages and wetlands. The proper application of erosion control measures is important and the CMRP contains a variety of techniques to mitigate for these issues. Compaction. Heavy equipment can be a cause for compaction in all soils, but especially in those soils that are compaction prone. There are various factors that can contribute to the level of compaction, which could include soil moisture content, texture of the soil, and the chemical characteristics of the soil. Techniques for preventing and reducing compaction are described in the CMRP (Appendix L) and the construction and reclamation plans outlined in Appendix H. Prime Farmland Soil . The preferred alternative route through Nebraska currently anticipates disturbing 2,531 acres of prime farmland soils (Table 3.2-2). Due to the nature of the disturbances caused by construction, there is a possibility that a short-term degrading of farmland soils could occur. Negative impacts due to compaction in soils can be compounded in farmland. Higher compaction (reduction of space between soil particles) can cause a reduction in overall volume that could result in lower elevations. It could also decrease moisture absorption, and increase moisture run-off forces. Proper erosion and compaction controls as described in the CMRP and construction and reclamation plans reduce the incidence of these factors. Topsoil Handling. Proper handling of topsoil includes stripping the topsoil and subsoil according to Project requirements and site-specific conditions, storing it in appropriate locations, stabilizing it during the construction period when there is no need to move it, and replacing it properly during clean up. The more topsoil is handled, the greater the likelihood its viability will be degraded. Minimal handling is a key minimizing topsoil degradation. Proper handling of topsoil includes placing the soil in a proper location where there is no necessity to move it before replacing it during clean up and restoration. The CRMP contains techniques that will help maintain viability and minimize the chance for mechanical mixing or loss. Operation Phase During the operational phase of the proposed Project, small scale, isolated surface disturbance impacts could occur from pipeline maintenance traffic and incidental repairs. This could result in accelerated erosion, soil compaction and related reductions in the productivity of desirable vegetation or crops. Impacts related to excavation and topsoil handling would be limited to small areas where certain pipeline maintenance activities take place. During operation, these types of impacts would be addressed with the affected landowner or land management agency and a mutually agreeable resolution reached. Post construction soil monitoring measures and potential mitigation measures are presented in the FEIS (Section 2.4.1, Page 2-49, Section 3.2.2.3, Pages 3.2-12 and 3.2-13, and Section 3.2.2.4, Pages 3.2-14 and 3.2-15 ) and in the 102 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 updated CMRP (Appendix L, Section 4.16). Potential operational spill impacts to soils and sediments are discussed in FEIS Section 3.13.6.2, Page 3.13-86. !"#"! $%&'()*'+,-(.'+) Construction Phase Shallow or near-surface aquifers are present beneath the preferred route. Shallow aquifers could be impacted by construction activities. Many of these shallow or near-surface aquifers occur along alluvial stream valleys. Potential construction spill impacts to groundwater are discussed in FEIS Section 3.13.6.3, Pages 3.13-88 through 3.13-91. Potential impacts to groundwater during construction activities would include: Temporary to long-term surface water quality degradation during or after construction from disposal of materials and equipment; Temporary increases in Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations where the water table is disturbed during trenching and excavation activities (temporary, localized drawdown of the aquifer is possible where dewatering of the trench is necessary); Increased surface water run-off and erosion from clearing vegetation in the ROW; and Degradation of groundwater quality due to potential blasting. Potential impacts on surface water resources during construction activities would include: Temporary increases in TSS concentrations and increased sedimentation during stream crossings; temporary to short-term degradation of aquatic habitat from in-stream construction activities; Changes in channel morphology and stability caused by channel and bank modifications; and Temporary to long-term decrease in bank stability and resultant increase in TSS concentrations from bank erosion as vegetation removed from banks during construction is re-establishing. Temporary reduced flow in streams and potential other adverse effects during hydrostatic testing activities. Potential construction spill impacts to surface water are discussed in FEIS Section 3.13.6.3, Pages 3.13-86 through 3.13-91. Mitigation measures presented in the updated CMRP, Sections 6 and 7, (Appendix L) will be in effect for the construction of the preferred alternative route. These measures prevent the impacts to ground and surface water during construction as outlined above. 103 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Operation Phase Potential impacts to groundwater and surface water during operations within the preferred alternative route in Nebraska will be the same potential impacts presented for the Nebraska portion of the Project assessed in the FEIS (Sections 3.13.3 and 3.13.4.1). The implementation of current safety code and the 57 PHMSA Special Conditions will minimize the potential for impacts during operations. Potential operational spill impacts to groundwater and surface water are discussed in FEIS Section 3.13.6.3, Pages 3.13-86 through 3.13-88. The analysis presented in the FEIS is for different spill sizes and in consideration of different groundwater conditions. !"#$%#&'()&$*+$,-./$010(2&3&$*+$456.7$018$*)"#%$80)0$318390)#$)hat most spill sizes are small (FEIS Section 3.13.2.1); and, do not migrate very far, even for a large spill (~450,00 gallons) in an environment similar to the Sandhills topographic region (pages 3.13-88 and 3.1389 of FEIS). :*';(#8$ <3)"$ =#2&)*1#/&$ 010(2sis for hypothetical spills (page 3.13-90 of the FEIS), the analysis in the FEIS concluded that even if some contamination occurred, it would not contaminate the entire aquifer and methods of remediation could address the impact. !"#"$ %&'&()(*+,Construction Phase Potential types of construction impacts and mitigation to vegetation are presented in FEIS Section 3.5.5, Page 3.5-26 through 3.5-40. Most of the vegetation impacts within the preferred alternative route in Nebraska will be temporary and short term since the majority of the route crosses agricultural land. Impacts on annually tilled croplands also generally would be shortterm and limited to the current growing season if topsoil is segregated and topsoils are not compacted during construction. Impacts on pastures, rotated croplands, and open grassland range generally would be short to long-term, with vegetation typically reestablishing within 1 to 5 years after construction. Clearing trees within upland and riparian forest communities would result in long-term impacts on these vegetation communities, given the length of time needed for the community to mature to pre-construction conditions. Permanent impacts would occur within the 50-foot-wide permanent easements centered on the pipeline. In this area, trees would be removed and would not be allowed to reestablish due to periodic mowing and brush clearing during pipeline operation. Routine maintenance vegetation clearing would occur no more frequently than every one to three years. Impacts on shrubland also would be long-term because of the time required to reestablish the woody vegetation characteristic of this community type. Most shrubs would be expected to reestablish within the non-maintained portion of the ROW within 5 to 15 years. The permanent easement in shrubland would not be regularly mowed or cleared and would be allowed to revegetate.! The preferred alternative route in Nebraska would traverse three vegetation communities of conservation concern > 1.8 miles of deciduous forest, 22.8 miles of high or medium quality native grassland, and 0.4 mile of riparian woodland. Mitigation measures presented in the 104 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 updated CMRP, Section 4, (Appendix L) and specially developed construction and reclamation plans specific to these resources presented in Appendix H will minimize impacts to these sensitive resources and prevent the spread of nuisance plants. Potential construction spill impacts to vegetation are discussed in FEIS Section 3.13.6.4, Pages 3.13-92 and 3.13-93. Operation Phase Potential operations impacts to vegetation within the preferred alternative route will be as discussed for the Nebraska portion of the Project in the FEIS (Section 3.5.5, Page 3.5-26). Potential operational spill impacts and mitigation to vegetation are presented in FEIS Section 3.13.6.4, Pages 3.13-92 and 3.13-93. Mitigation measures presented in the updated CMRP, Section 4, (Appendix L) will also be in effect for the operation of the preferred route. !"#"$ %&'('&)*+,-./01&2,3*45/62*4+,07(,8*74&1&9*,8:*2&*4, Construction Phase The proposed Project would affect wildlife resources through (see FEIS Section 3.6.2, 3.7.3, and 3.8): Habitat loss, alteration, and fragmentation; Direct mortality during construction and operation; Indirect mortality because of stress or avoidance of feeding due to exposure to construction and operations noise, low-level helicopter or airplane monitoring overflights, and from increased human activity; Reduced breeding success from exposure to construction and operations noise, and from increased human activity; and Reduced survival or reproduction due to decreased abundance of forage species or reduced cover. Project construction and reclamation goals as it relates to minimizing impacts to wildlife habitat include: Maintain soil productivity and prevent accelerated erosion. Complete all work to standards specified in the CMRP, contract documents and details, applicable permits, and easement descriptions. Restore topography similar to adjacent conditions. Ensure that lands enrolled in the CRP program are reseeded with appropriate seed mix and that lands remain eligible for enrollment in the CRP program. Prevent erosion and adequately de-compact soil. Prevent damage to vegetation adjacent to the ROW when removing trees. Restore native grass understory and stabilize slopes to prevent erosion. However, total habitat loss due to pipeline construction would likely be small in the context of available habitat both because of the linear nature of the proposed Project and because restoration would follow pipeline construction (see FEIS Section 3.6.2). Sections 3.6.3 and 105 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 3.6.4, Pages 3.6-23 through 3.6-25, of the FEIS discuss impact reduction procedures to be used during both construction and operations. To further reduce potential construction- and operations-related effects, procedures outlined in the proposed Project CMRP (Appendix L) would be implemented. Measures to minimize adverse effects to wildlife habitats including shelterbelts, windbreaks, and living snow fences are identified in the CMRP (Appendix L). Potential construction and operations spill impacts to wildlife are discussed in FEIS Section 3.13.6.4, Pages 3.13-93 through 3.13-97. Keystone has completed surveys in 2012 where access was granted. This information (Appendix I) will be provided to the DOS and USFWS along with a draft applicant-prepared BA. DOS will consult with USFWS to complete the BA and Section 7 ESA consultation process to determine effects to listed species. Additional surveys will be conducted in the appropriate survey windows in 2013 when additional land access has been secured. Operation Phase During operations, wildlife is expected to use the ROW when reclamation has been completed. As stated above, the FEIS discusses potential operations impacts to wildlife resources and provides impact reduction procedures. Likewise, potential operations spill impacts to wildlife are discussed in the FEIS as stated above. !"#"$ %&'()*+,)&'()-,+./,.01+) Construction Phase Changes in land use due to construction would for the most part be temporary (see FEIS Section 3.9.1.2). Temporary impacts to land use include loss of agricultural productivity and potential damage to drain tiles or other irrigation systems. During construction, there would be visual impacts associated with activities along the proposed ROW such as clearing, trenching, pipe storage, and installing above-ground structures. Most of the visual impacts of the pipeline corridor in agricultural and rangeland areas would be substantially reduced with restoration and revegetation. Temporary and permanent changes in vegetation due to the clearing of trees and shrubs, pipeline excavation, and general construction activity are expected within the ROW. It is estimated that disturbed pastures, croplands, and grassy rangelands may take one to five years to recover to preconstruction levels. Herbaceous vegetation, low shrubs, and forest lands are estimated to take from one to 20 or more years to recover depending upon the species. The permanent pipeline ROW would require occasional trimming to remove woody vegetation and trees from the permanent easement/ROW to facilitate aerial inspection. Landowners would be permitted to cultivate crops in the permanent easement. FEIS Sections 3.9.1.2 and 3.9.1.3, Pages 3.9-3 through 3.9-19, discuss potential construction and operations impacts to each type of land use and include potential mitigation measures. The proposed Project would also incorporate the procedures presented in the Project CMRP (Appendix L) to reduce potential Project construction and operation impacts. The CMRP includes general Best Management Practice (BMP) measures, including worksite appearance 106 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 maintenance and noise and dust control. The CMRP includes specific conditions that would be followed during construction within agricultural, forest, pasture, rangeland, grasslands, wetland crossings, waterbodies, and riparian lands. The CMRP also includes measures to avoid or minimize potential damage to drain tile systems. As noted in the CMRP, specific landowner requirements could occasionally supersede the procedures in the CMRP. However, the conditions of applicable federal, state, and local permits would apply in all cases. Potential construction and operations spill impacts to land use are discussed in FEIS Section 3.13.6.5, Page 3.13-97. Operation Phase Land committed for operations and maintenance activities of the proposed Project would total approximately 1,731 acres. Impacts to crops from operation of the proposed Project would be less than for construction because the ROW width would be reduced from 110 feet to 50 feet for the permanent ROW. Since the proposed pipeline would be buried to a nominal depth of 4 feet and maintained at a depth of 4 feet in cultivated agricultural areas pursuant to Special Condition 19 (Appendix U of the FEIS), agricultural land use would continue for the most part across the permanent ROW. !"#$%&%"#' ()' *+",%$-.' &/0&' 1$-*&/' "2' 3",-+4' ' 5-6.&"#-' ./077' 3"#.&+83&' &/-' pipeline with soil cover at a minimum depth of forty-eight (48) inches in all areas, except in consolidated rock. The minimum depth in consolidated rock areas is thirty-six (36) inches. Keystone shall maintain a depth of cover of 48 inches in cultivated areas and a depth of 42 inches in all other areas. In cultivated areas where conditions prevent the maintenance of fortyeight (48) inches of cover, Keystone must employ additional protective measures to alert the *897%3'0#$'-:30,0&"+.'&"'&/-'*+-.-#3-'"2'&/-'*%*-7%#-;<''Only areas within the permanent ROW that will support structures such as IMLVs will not be allowed to be cultivated. Trees are not allowed to regrow within 15 feet of the pipeline to allow for access to the pipeline and to permit aerial observation. As stated above, the FEIS discusses potential overall operations and potential spill impacts to land use during operation and provides impact reduction procedures. !"#"$ %&'(&)*'+,-./&)0-.+ Construction Phase Keystone is in the process of identifying and documenting the cultural resources within and adjacent to the proposed construction footprint. The tables presented in Appendix K provide the preliminary determinations of site eligibility (for listing in the NRHP). If DOS and the NE SHPO agree with these determinations, those sites determined to be ineligible will be traversed by the Project. If a site is determined to be eligible for listing on the NRHP, Keystone will move the Project centerline and attempt to avoid impacts to that site. If a route change cannot completely avoid the site Keystone will conduct additional investigations to avoid the eligible portions of the site. A Nebraska Unanticipated Discoveries Plan has been developed, which will provide guidance for treatment of any historic resources discovered during construction. Operation Phase 107 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Since cultural resource studies that will result in the inventory, NRHP eligibility determination, and mitigation of cultural sites that could be impacted by construction of any facility and will be completed for the preferred alternative route in Nebraska prior to construction and operation, any sites identified as requiring mitigation will receive treatment prior to construction. Therefore, day-to-day operation of the pipeline should have no impact to cultural resources. Potential operational spill impacts to cultural resources are discussed in FEIS Section 3.13.6.6 on Page 3.13-98. !"#"$ %&'(&)'&*&+(',Construction Phase Construction activities would involve the movement of people, equipment, and materials on roadways along the proposed preferred alternative route in Nebraska (see FEIS Section 3.10.1.2). In some cases, construction could increase the demands for permits for vehicle load and width limits. Some temporary traffic delays would be likely. However, vehicle access and assistance with traffic flows in construction areas including emergency vehicles would be provided (Appendix H, CMRP). Additional jobs and income would go to workers in the Project area during construction. In the long-term, a small number of people would be needed to maintain the line. Unemployment rates in the proposed Project preferred route would probably not be affected in the long-term, although there could be a short-term lowering of unemployment during construction in the more rural areas. Efforts would be made to hire temporary construction staff from the local population through construction contractors and subcontractors. Provided qualified personnel are available, approximately 10 to 15 percent (50 to 100 people) could be hired from the local work force for each spread. This may not be possible in more rural areas. Non-local construction workers temporarily residing in other areas in the region of influence would require short-term accommodations. Because workers would not likely relocate with their families and their stay in any one community would be temporary, most workers would likely use temporary housing, such as hotels/motels, RV sites, and campgrounds. Most workers likely would prefer short-term accommodations, primarily hotels and motels, in the more populated, service-oriented communities located within a reasonable commuting distance from the work site. As local accommodations are filled, workers would seek alternative accommodations, including RV parks and campgrounds, in smaller, more distant communities. Further, some employees could elect to utilize furnished apartments and rental homes due to the constrained availability of other accommodations, although this would likely be limited based upon extendedperiod lease requirements. Depending upon the location and available accommodations, workers could elect to reside temporarily in one location during the construction period or relocate within each spread as needed as construction proceeded along the pipeline route. In addition, as discussed in Section 2.18, Keystone is considering establishing a self-contained construction camp in northern Nebraska. The proposed Project has the potential to generate substantial direct and indirect economic benefits for local and regional economies along the pipeline route. During construction, these 108 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 benefits are derived from the construction labor requirements of the proposed Project and spending on construction goods and services that would not otherwise have occurred if the pipeline were not built. At the local level, these benefits would be in the form of employment of local labor as part of the construction work force and related income benefits from wage earnings, construction expenditures made at local businesses, and construction worker spending in the local economy. However, if a person were to leave an existing job to take a job building the proposed Project, only the additional income earned by that person would be considered a benefit of the proposed Project. The proposed Project job obtained by the local worker would become a local proposed Project-related benefit when the job that was left was filled by another worker. Potential construction impacts to socioeconomics are discussed further in FEIS Section 3.10.1.2 on Pages 3.10-53 through 3.10-79. Potential spill impacts to socioeconomics during construction and operation are discussed in FEIS Section 3.13.6.7 on Pages 3.13-98 through 3.13-100. Operation Phase During operation, the proposed Project would generate a demand for goods and services, including electrical power, which would result in economic benefits to the region. For additional information regarding the potential operational impacts of the Project on socioeconomics, see FEIS Section 3.10.1.2, Pages 3.10-79 through 3.10-82. In addition to the information noted above, Keystone will be providing NDEQ with an updated Nebraska-specific analysis on economic impacts based on the current preferred alternative route in Nebraska. The report will update both the construction and operation phase analyses. !"#"$% &'()*+,-./)01,/23,4/5.06, Construction Phase Potential construction impacts to public health and safety within the preferred alternative route are addressed in the FEIS (Section 3.18). Most construction-related spills would likely release minor quantities of refined products (e.g., gasoline, diesel, and lubricating and hydraulic fluids). These releases would be subject to the reporting requirements of 40 CFR Part 110, and would typically result from vehicle and construction equipment fueling and maintenance. Contractor construction staging and pipe storage areas would typically include skid-mounted, above-ground gasoline storage tanks (9,500-gallon [226-barrel (bbl.)] capacity) and diesel storage tanks (10,000-gallon [238-bbl] storage capacity). These fuel tanks would be installed within impermeable containment areas to prevent spilled material from reaching adjacent natural habitats. Consistent with one of the requirements of 40 CFR Part 112 for each staging area, oil storage tanks would have secondary means of containment (berms) for 110 percent of the capacity of the largest tank. In addition, portable oil storage containers would have berms that hold 110 percent of the total capacity of the containers inside the berm. Lubricating oil may also be stored in tanks in these areas. 109 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Construction would also involve fuel delivery by tanker trucks to operating equipment along the construction ROW. The potential maximum spill volume from the failure of the maximum size fuel tank truck would be about 9,000 gallons (214 bbl.) for diesel or gasoline. Lubricating or hydraulic fluid would be stored in 55-gallon (1.3-bbl) drums, with up to six drums on a pallet. Thus, the potential maximum spill volume of lubricating oil or hydraulic fluid would be equal to the volume of six drums, or approximately 330 gallons (7.9 bbl.). Hydrostatic testing of the pipeline prior to operation would not result in release of oil to the environment as neither the water used in the testing nor the pipeline at this time would contain oil. Also, the discharged water would be required to meet NPDES discharge permit conditions. Potential spills from construction activities would be addressed by specific preventive and mitigating measures included in the SPCC Plan described in more detail in FEIS Section 2.3, Page 24; Section 2.3.3.5, Pages, 2-40 and 2-41; Section 2.3.3.6, Pages 2-41 and 2-42; and Appendix C of the FEIS. Operation Phase Potential operations impacts to public health and safety within the preferred alternative route are addressed in the FEIS (Section 3.13.4 through3.13.6, Pages 3.13-17 through 3.13-101). Keystone will comply with all applicable federal regulations and codes, including the PHMSA regulations of 49 CFR Parts 194 and 195. In addition, a set of 57 Special Conditions was developed by PHMSA in consultation with DOS (Appendix U of the FEIS) and Keystone agreed that if the Presidential Permit is granted, it would incorporate those conditions into the proposed Project and in its manual for operations, maintenance, and emergencies that is required by 49 CFR ?195.402. PHMSA has the legal authority to inspect and enforce any items contained in a !"!#$"%#& '!#()*'(+,& '!#()*"'%,-& .)"%*#%)%/#-& )%0& #.#(1#%/"#,& .)%2)$-& )%0& 3'2$0& *4#(#5'(#& have the legal authority to inspect and enforce the 57 Special Conditions if the proposed Project is approved. DOS, in consultation with PHMSA, has determined that incorporation of those conditions would result in a Project that would have a degree of safety over any other typically constructed domestic oil pipeline system under current code and a degree of safety along the entire length of the pipeline system similar to that which is required in HCAs as defined in 49 CFR ?195.450. 4.3.10.1 Kalamazoo River Spill at Marshall, Michigan Concerns have been raised in light of the Marshall, Michigan oil spill into the Kalamazoo River. Keystone has investigated this spill based on publically available information and has presented the results of that review with a comparison to the Keystone XL pipeline design. On July 25, 2012, Enbridge's 6B pipeline failed near Marshall, Michigan and released over 20,000 barrels of oil into Talmadge Creek. Heavy rains had caused flood conditions, including overtopping of dams and downstream transport of crude oil. Crude oil from Talmadge Creek flowed into the Kalamazoo River and was transported approximately 30 miles downstream. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) concluded that the cause of the pipeline failure was multiple corrosion cracks combined with "operational failures". 110 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 At the time of the accident, the pipeline was transporting diluted bitumen. The diluted bitumen has an API gravity greater than 10 and, therefore, was expected to float on the water's surface. According to the EPA, the oil did float initially, as expected. Over 85 miles of absorbent boom were deployed during the response to capture floating oil. The oil coated the riverbanks and some oil was deposited in flooded fields. As the oil weathered with time (i.e., light end hydrocarbons evaporated), the remaining oil became heavier. Oil stranded on land formed tar-like tiles as the light end hydrocarbons evaporated. In water, the loss of the lightweight hydrocarbons made the residual oil heavier until the oil eventually began to sink. This weathering process is not unique and occurs with all types of crude oils, regardless of its origin. In some cases, turbulence along the Kalamazoo River caused sediment and water to become incorporated into the crude oil, forming a heavier-thanwater emulsion. The resulting submerged oil formed globules that were transported downstream for miles. Submerged oils are more difficult to cleanup than floating oils. Federal regulations dictate that the costs incurred by the USEPA and the Michigan Department of Community Health will be recovered from the pipeline operator. Several factors contributed to the severity of the incident including quality and maintenance of the pipe, operational failure, and flood conditions. It has been suggested that the type of oil contributed to the severity of the spill and its impacts. However, a recent evaluation of diluted bitumen (Battelle 2012) found no significant differences in the physical or chemical properties of diluted bitumen and other heavy crude oils. The behavior of the crude oil in the Marshall, Michigan spill was not unique nor should have been unexpected. The flood conditions and emergency response times allowed time for the crude to weather prior to cleanup and sinking oils do pose a greater challenge for containment and cleanup compared to floating oils. There are a number of reasons, discussed below, that a major failure comparable to the Marshall, Michigan spill is not anticipated for the Keystone XL Pipeline Project. Nevertheless, Keystone will be prepared to respond to a spill of a similar magnitude and extent of the Marshall, Michigan incident. Further, the lessons learned from the incident will be incorporated into industry recommendations and guidance. Quality of Pipe and Maintenance The pipeline involved in the Marshall, Michigan incident was constructed in the 1950's when there often were significant problems with both pipe material and manufacturing. Pipeline standards have evolved and improving technologies have resulted in improvements in pipeline safety performance. Pipelines are now constructed with much higher quality steel which is stronger and has better fracture resistant properties that helps reduce the impacts of external forces, such as flooding and excavation damage. Improvements in external pipeline coatings, the use of cathodic protection, and mandatory inline inspection tools have resulted in significant reductions in corrosion-related incidents. TransCanada has not experienced a corrosion-related failure on any of its pipelines that utilize 111 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 modern fusion bonded epoxy coatings. Federal pipeline regulations have evolved over time and pipeline operators are now required to actively manage their pipelines to reduce the possibility of incidents. Operating procedures and leak detection capabilities have improved to more quickly detect leaks, thereby minimizing the amount of crude oil released and reducing subsequent impacts. The Keystone XL Pipeline will be constructed to standards that far exceed current federal regulatory requirements. In addition to company-specific standards that exceed current federal pipeline safety standards (e.g., burial depth of four feet of cover rather than the standard three feet depth of cover), Keystone has agreed to implement an additional 57 Special Conditions identified in the FEIS. The FEIS stated that the implementation of these additional conditions would result in a level of safety equal to or exceeding the current levels as required by federal regulations. Operational Failures While Keystone does not have sufficient information to comment on the conditions that led to operational failures on the pipeline involved in the Marshall, Michigan spill, Keystone has strict company standards and will implement the 57 Special Conditions, which include operational requirements. Pipeline conditions along the entire Keystone XL Pipeline will be continuously monitored 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. With over 16,000 sensors along its length and multiple, overlapping state-of-the-art leak detection systems, the Keystone XL Pipeline will be one of the most closely monitored pipelines in existence. Flood Conditions While flood conditions are not a leading cause of pipeline failures, they can be a threat to pipeline integrity in certain locations. Under federal regulations (49 CFR Part 195), Keystone's Integrity Management Program is required to monitor and reduce risks from various threats, such as outside forces due to flooding. Keystone has evaluated stream crossings to identify those locations where stream scour could affect pipeline integrity. Where there is potential for significant stream scour, Keystone has increased burial depth so stream scour does not pose a threat to pipeline integrity. Additionally, under Special Condition 19 Keystone is required to maintain depth of cover for the life of the Project. Summary The Keystone XL Pipeline is a modern pipeline built to much high standards than pipelines built in the 1950s. Further, there are a number of operational requirements for the Keystone XL Pipeline that exceed current regulations and, consequently, the pipeline is expected to operate at a higher level of safety than other pipelines currently in operation. Finally, Keystone is committed to the prevention of incidents and will utilize lessons learned from the entire industry to continue to improve its pipeline safety programs. 112 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 4.4 Environmental Consequences Summary The FEIS (Section 3.15.1) reviewed the environmental impacts and consequences of the !"#$#%&'()*+,-!%*(./(0"!1*2-(&%3(2!%2'43*3(-5&-(67-85*(&%&'+,*,(!9(:!-*%-#&'(#;:&2-,(&,,!2#&-*3( with construction and operation of the proposed Project suggest that there would be no ,#$%#9#2&%-(#;:&2-,(-!(;!,-("*,!4"2*,(&'!%$(-5*(:"!:!,*3(0"!1*2-(2!""#3!"<=. Moreover DOS in 2!%,4'-&-#!%( >#-5( 0?@AB( 3*-*";#%*3( -5&-( 6#%2!":!"&-#!%( !9( 7-5*( CD( @:*2#&'( E!%3#-#!%,8(would result in a Project that would have a degree of safety over any other typically constructed domestic oil pipeline system under current code and a degree of safety along the entire length of the pipeline system similar to that which is required in HCAs as defined in 49 CFR ?FGCHICJH= 113 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 114 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 5.0 Environmental Impact Summary Table 5-1 provides a summary of the environmental impacts for both the FEIS portion of the preferred alternative route and the re-reoute portion of the preferred alternative route that are known to date. These impacts will include both short-term impacts (impacts that will occur over a 5-year period or less) and long-term impacts (impacts that exceed 5 years). The impact summary does not reflect the mitigation measures outlined in Section 4 of this report and the FEIS. !"#$%&'()&&*+,"-.&/0++"12& !"#$%&'"( Air Quality )*+,'-(.%**,&/( Fugitive dust will be generated from Project construction activities and traffic during the construction period even with the dust suppression measures applied. The preferred route is in attainment for particulate matter and no state -mandated dust control permits will be required. Operational hydrocarbon emissions from five new pump statio will be minimal ns because pumps will be electrically driven. The back-up generators for control equipment and motor -operated IMLVs, will emit minimal regulated air pollutants. The back-up generator engines in Nebraska are exempt from permitting. A single expired oil or gas well is located within 0.25 mile of the preferred alternative route in Nebraska. Construction and operation of the Project will limit access to underlying minerals such as sand and gravel for the life of the Project. This limitation will be confined to the width of the permanent pipeline easement (50 feet) and locations of above ground facilities. The Project crosses geologic formations that have a potential to contain fossils (Table 3.4-3). A small fraction of the excavated soils in areas with highly erodible soils could be lost to increased water and wind erosion acting on disturbed soil surfaces until grass and other herbaceous vegetation is restored (potentialy three to five years). Soil l protection measures will be used during and after construction to avoid or minimize erosion. Agricultural cropland and rangeland (including hay land) production will be lost in the construction ROW and additional temporary wo rkspace areas for the year of construction. During the next growing season, production onhay lands and pasture lands may be reduced. Long-term productivity will not be impaired. Geology, Minerals, and Paleontology Soils and Agricultural Production 115 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()&&*+,"-.&/0++"12& !"#$%&'"( Water Resources )*+,'-(.%**,&/( Construction across waterbodies will cause local short term increases in total suspended solids and deposited sediment in perennial streams and rivers that are crossed one or more times. Channel disturbance atfive perennial waterbody crossings will be avoided by using the HDD technique to install the pipeline. The Project centerline traverses 91.5 miles where groundwater lies at 50-ft or less (Table 3.5-1). The Project centerline lies within 100-ft of 14 private water-wells, four of which are inactive. Pipeline construction will disturb a total of 14.1 acres of wetlands. Of this total, approximately 9.0 acres are palustrine emergent wetlands, approximately4.8 acres are palustrine forested wetlands, and approximately 0. acres are palustrine scrub 3 shrub. There will be approximately 0.3 acres of construction impacts to riverine or open water wetlands. It is estimated that vegetation cover in palustrine emergent and palustrine scrub-shrub wetlands will recover in one to five years; forested wetlands will require 20 to 50 years. No permanent loss of wetlan will occur as a ds result of this Project; however, approximately 3.6 acres of forested wetland will be permanently converted to herbaceous wetland. Water used for hydrostatic testing of the pipeline will be obtained fromsuitable sources. Withdrawal rates and volumes will be designed to avoid impacts to aquatic life and downstream water users. Hydrostatic test water will be discharged to the land surface at an approved location or returned to the source water using an approved energy dissipation device. Water discharged to the land surface may evaporate or infiltrate into the soil where the water is released. All necessary water use and discharge permits will be obtained and their conditions adhered to. Pipeline construction will temporarily disturb a total of 931.5 acres of grassland/rangeland, 57.3 acres of forest land, and 2,784 acres of agriculture/cropland (Table 3.8-3). Of the 3,864 acres impacted by construction, approximately 3, 02 acres will consist 8 of upland and wetland wildlife habitats which will recover over short and long-term timeframes. The remaining 62.5 acres consists of developed areas (Table 3.8-3). Wildlife displacement from the construction ROW is expected to be shortterm. No long-term displacement impacts are expected from the operational activities associated with this Project. Power lines will be constructed to serve the pump stations. The power lines represent a collision hazard for waterfowl and other birds similar to those of existing electrical distribution line; however, they will be built in consultation with the USFWS on measures to minimize impacts to birds. Short-term increases in total suspended solids and sediment deposition downstream from channel excavation at open-cut stream crossings will occur in 43 perennial rivers and streams on the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route(there are a total of 48 perennial streams, but 5 will be crossed via HDD) and may result in localized, minor, short-term impacts to aquatic resources. Vegetation Wildlife Aquatic Resources 116 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()&&*+,"-.&/0++"12& !"#$%&'"( )*+,'-(.%**,&/( Sensitive Species There will be a potential reduction in sensitive wildlife, aquatic, and plant species habitats as a result of construction. These potential habitat changes are described for wildlife, aquatic, and vegetation resource above. s A total of 14 special status species (two plant species, three aquatic species, one semi-aquatic species, and eight terrestrial species) are currently identified as having the potential to be present on the preferred alternative route Keystone is preparing a BA for submittal to the DOS with concurrence from the USFWS, specific to the preferred alternative route in Nebraska. Approximately 1,731 acres will not be allowed to be occupied by residential or other structures within the permanent pipeline easement and above -ground facility locations over the life of the Project (Table 2.1-1). Agricultural uses will be allowed to continue as before except at the above-ground facility locations. No recreation areas are crossed by the preferred alternative route. Approximately 53.9 acres of land owned by the Nebraska Board of Education (school lands) will be impacted in Nebraska. Approximately 73.5 acres of CRP lands will be impacted in Nebraska (Table 3.8-4). Above-ground facilities (pump stations, power lines, valves) will exist for the life of the Project. Power lines will be located along county roads where possible to minimize impacts and therefore, will impact visual aesthetics in those areas. Short-term obstruction or temporary disruption to local roads may occur during construction. Cultural resource impacts may include physical disturbance of archaeological sites or architecturally significant structures and features. Further,the Project may introduce visual or audible elements (e.g., pump stations) that will alter the setting of a cultural resource feature. Impacts to sites that are eligible for the NRHP will be mitigated by one or more of the following measures: avoidance through use of pipeline realignments and facility relocations; approved data recovery from sites that cannot be avoided; and use of landscaping or other techniques to minimize or eliminate effects on the historic setting or ambience of standing structures. Construction activities may adversely affect undiscovered archaeological sites. If previously undocumented sites are discovered within the construction work areas, work that could adversely affect the discovery will cease until consultation with appropriate agencies is completed. If the previously unidentified site is recommended as eligible to the NRHP, impacts will be mitigated through the procedures included in an Unanticipated Discovery Plan. Treatment of any discovered human remains will be handledin accordance with the guidelines contained in the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) or state laws, depending upon whether the remains are found on federal or state land as well as the age and cultural affiliation of the rema ins. Construction will not resume in an area where human remains are discovered until the appropriate authorized agency(ies) provides a notice to proceed. Of the 78 cultural resources (40 archaeological sites, 26 archaeological find spots, 12 historic architectural properties) that have been recorded within the reroute portion of the preferred alternative route as of August 8, 2012, 9 are evaluated as potentially eligible, none are evaluated as eligible, and one is a protected resource (cemetery), Sixty-nine sites are evaluated as ineligible for listing on the NRHP. Any Land Use (including noise, and transportation) Cultural Resources 117 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$%&'()&&*+,"-.&/0++"12& !"#$%&'"( )*+,'-(.%**,&/( eligible, potentially eligible, and undetermined sites along with protected resources will be avoided to the extent practical. Keystone will acquire pipeline easements and fee property from landowners and provide landowners with monetary compensation for the conveyance of those easements or fee property. Keystone will reclaim damaged or disturbed lands, repair or restore damaged property, and compensate owners for d amages. Additionally, the easement area will be returned to its preconstruction use with the exception of timber/forest and areas of structures in the permanent easement. Land for permanent facility sites will be acquired in fee or through an above -ground surface lease. In the short term, construction of the Project facilities will provide direct employment for an estimated 10 to 15% of the spread workforce in Nebraska (See FEIS Section 3.10.1.2). Project employees will increase retail sales in local are along the as Project route. Demands on local infrastructure will include temporary accommodations during the construction period and, potentially, emergency services both during and after the construction period. It is anticipated that workers will commute from larger population centers to the Project work sitesexcept in northern Nebraska where a self-contained construction camp may be utilized to house workers. In the long term, operations will increase revenues to the state and counties crossed by the Project. Actual property taxes paid will be based on the final valuation determined by the DOR; current estimates range between $2.5 and $3 million. The USDOT prescribes pipeline design and operational requirements that minimize the risk of accidental crude oil releases. Over the operational life of the Project, a release of crude oil that could impact people, drinking water supplies, and ecologically sensitive areas is highly unlikely. If a spill were to occur, the appropriate remedial measures will be implemented to meet federal and state standards designed to ensure protection of human health and environmental quality. Socioeconomic Conditions Public Health and Safety 118 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 6.0 Electric Power Lines The Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD) power line ROW procurement process requires approximately 18 to 24 months to complete and begins when Keystone determines the final locations of the pump stations. NPPD will apply to the Southwest Power Pool (SPP) with a proposal to interconnect the pump stations showing the start and end points for the interconnection. This is a technical application demonstrating compliance with National Rural Electric Cooperative (NREC) reliability standards and has little or no impact on existing customers in the transmission system. When SPP determines that the interconnections are acceptable, NPPD will begin the transmission line ROW consultation process. The NPPD land owner consultation process includes three stages. The first stage consists of an open house that provides land owners with the start and end points and asks for suggestions on where the transmission line could be located. Based on landowner input, NPPD creates a corridor where the transmission line could be located. In the second stage, an open house is held to present the corridors, and land owners are asked to provide suggestions on the location of the transmission line ROW within the corridor. The third stage, a final open house, provides the final ROW and asks land owners for any further comments. The final right of way is then filed with the Power Review Board (PRB) for final approval. As part of the PRB application process NPPD conducts an environmental review of the ROW. 119 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 120 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 7.0 Keystone XL Project Glossary !"#$% access road alluvial alluvium &"'()(*(+)% A temporary or permanent road that provides access to a facility, campsite, pipeline ROW, water source, or infrastructure site. Pertaining to, or consisting of, material deposited by flowing water. Pertaining to, or consisting of, unconsolidated material, usually clay, sand, silt and gravel, deposited by flowing water. Any of the class of cold-blooded vertebrates, including frogs, toads, and salamanders, intermediate between fish and reptiles; they are gilled, aquatic larvae and air-breathing adults. Growing in, living in, or frequenting water. Also, occurring, situated in, or on water. A saturated geologic unit having relatively higher permeability compared with adjacent units that can transmit relatively gre ater quantities of water under normal hydraulic gradients. A location that contains evidence of past human activity, such as artifacts or structural remains. Any portable object made, modified or used by humans, including to ols, weapons, ceremonial items, art objects, industrial materials, and floral and faunal materials. An excavating machine fitted with a hinged arm with a rigidly attached bucket used for excavating ditches. The rising slope or face of ground bordering a watercourse. It is located above the streambed and below the level of rooted vegetation. Solid rock either exposed at the surface or found underlying soil or any other unconsolidated surficial cover. A practice or combination of practices that are determined to be the most technically and economically feasible means of preventing or managing potential detrimental effects. Soil containing sufficient calcium carbonate, often with ma gnesium carbonate, to effervesce visibly when treated with cold 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. Application of an electric potential to a buried pipeline so that it is slightly negative (typically -0.85 V) with respect to the surrounding soil Since . !"##"$%"&'"(')*+',%,+'"!!-#$'.*+&')*+',%,+/$',")+&)%01'%$'2#+0)+#')*0&')*0)'"(' its environment, cathodic protection acts to prevent corrosion. A natural or artificial waterway that periodically or continuously contains moving water, has a defined bed (evidence of alluvial scour), and has banks that confine water at low to moderate stream-flow. amphibian aquatic aquifer archaeological site artifact backhoe bank bedrock best management practices (BMPs) calcareous soil cathodic protection channel 121 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$% &"'()(*(+)% As a particle-size or textural term: a size fraction less than 0.002 mm in equivalent diameter. As a rock term: a natural, earthy, fine-grained material that develops plasticity with a small am ount of water. As a soil term: a textural class. The phase of a project preceding operations, during which project facilities are assembled, installed on their foundations, connected and tested to , ensure that they will operate as designed. !"#$%"&'$%'(")*+,%"-*'./,.,*"&'01/$##'1*'1'2"+/,3"45'0/1%*.,/+1+$,%' Service Agreement between the Carrier (Keystone) and a Term Shipper. A geological period ranging from 144 to 65 million years ago when the climate was warmer and dinosaurs were at their peak. All dinosaurs, marine reptiles, and ammonites went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous. Material left in a new position by a natural transporting agent, suchas water, wind, ice, or gravity, or by the activity of people. The rate of flow at a given moment, expressed as volume per unit of time (e.g., stream flow usually expressed as cfs (cubic feet/sec). The variety, distribution, and abundance of different plant and animal communities and species in an area. Below a reference point in the direction of the flow of a stream or river. The process or means of draining. An agreement under which a company acquires the right to use land for the pipeline or power line. It is a written contract that sets out the rights of the company and rights of the landowner for the use of the right of-way. An ecological area that has broad similarities i soil, relief, and dominant n vegetation. A species facing immediate extinction or extirpation. The components of the earth, including land, water and air, all layers of the , atmosphere, organic and inorganic matter, and living organisms, and the interacting natural systems of all components. Pertaining to, or consisting of, materials eroded, transported, or deposited by wind, usually including poorly graded, well-sorted medium to fine sand and coarse silt that is sorted and not compacted. The A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level. This measure is an energy average of the varying sound levels over a specified time. The wearing away of the land surface by running water, wind, ic or other e, geological agents, including such processes as gravitational creep. Structures of the pipeline system, including pump stations, block valves, pigging facilities, and meter stations. The low-lying land adjacent to a watercourse that may be inundated when the stream is at flood stage. clay construction phase contract Cretaceous deposit discharge diversity, in ecology downstream drainage easement ecoregion endangered environment eolian equivalent sound level (Leq) erosion facilities floodplain 122 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$% footprint forage fish forb &"'()(*(+)% The amount and shape of area to be disturbed. For example, the perimeter of a facility site. Fish species used as a food source by other fish. Any herbaceous plant, other than a grass (e.g., a weed or a broad-leafed non-woody plant). A geological stratigraphic unit that consists predominantly of a certain lithologic type or combination of types. It is the fundamental lithostratigraphic unit and can be combined into groups or subdivided into members. Any remains, traces or imprints of past life preserved in the ear"#$%&'($!)% ! Also known as a paleontological resource. Mammals that have traditionally been trapped or hunted for their fur. Rock fragments with diameters of 2 mm to 7.5 cm. Subsurface water that occurs beneath the water table in soils and geologic formations that are fully saturated. The area where an animal or plant naturally or normally livesand grows (e.g., stream habitat or forest habitat). The period after time of contact between indigenous peoples and Europeans. A term used to indicate a time for which there are written (documentary) records. In North America, this typ ically refers to the time period following contact between Europeans and EuroCanadians and aboriginal peoples. Also called the Post contact Period. A site characterized by structures, features, and objects of European influence. A trenchless method of crossing obstacles such as watercourses whereby a pilot hole is first drilled in a guided arc under the obstacle. If this is successful, the pilot hole is reamed to a diameter sufficient to accommodate the pipe, which is then pulled through the hole. Since success is not guaranteed, all HDD crossing plans must include a contingency alternative. The branch of science and technology concerned with the mechanics of fluids, especially liquids. USGS subdivisions of a drainage basin to demark the land area that contributes to each major drainage. The final quality control check of the structural soundness of a pipeline or facility. In this test, the line is filled with water or a glycol-water mixture and pressurized to a designated point. This pressure is maintained for a specific period of time. Any ruptures or leaks revealed by the test are repaired. The test is repeated until no problems are noted. Also known as pressure testing. Resistant to penetration by fluids or roots. formation fossil furbearer gravel groundwater habitat historic period historic site horizontal directional drilling (HDD) hydraulics hydrologic unit hydrostatic testing impervious 123 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$% incident &"'()(*(+)% A specific unplanned event or sequence of events that has an unwanted and unintended effect on people's safety or health, property, the environment, or on regulatory compliance. Basic facilities, such as transportation, communications, power supplies and buildings, which enable an organization, project or community to function. A term describing species that move into a habitat and reproduce so aggressively that indigenous species are displaced or existing community structures are changed. Pertaining to, produced by, or inhabiting a lake or lakes. Material deposited in lake water and later exposed either by lowering the water level or uplifting the land. A system of sensors, combined with the SCADA that will enable operators in the control center to become aware of leaks above certain sizes. Hard bedrock. An instrument for measuring and indicating, or recording the volume of a substance that has passed through it. In respect to a project, the elimination, reduction, or control of the adverse environmental effects of the Project; includes restitution for any damage to the environment caused by such effects through replace ment, restoration, compensation, or any other means. The phenomenon of unwanted sound. The phase of the Project during which the pipeline and associated facili ies t are operated. The operation phase is the period immediately following the construction phase whereby the facilities are commissioned and placed in service to support the needs of the executed contracts. The room from which the operation of the Project will be monitored and controlled 24 hours a day. The loose soil, silt, sand, gravel, or other unconsolidated materials overlying bedrock. A scientific discipline that studies fossil plant and animal re mains. Stream with water continuously present during a normal water year. As relating to geologic deposits, the interconnected pore space that is a function of grain size, sphericity, roundness and packing. Gravel has a , high permeability and clay has low permeability. The capacity of a porous rock, soil or sediment for transmitting a fluid without damaging the structure of the medium. Also known as perviousness. A measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a liquid or soil. The pH scale ranges from 1 to 14, with 7 being neutral, 1 being the most acidic and 14 being the most alkaline. infrastructure invasive species lacustrine lacustrine deposits leak detection system lithic meter mitigation noise operation phase operations control center overburden paleontology perennial watercourse permeability pH 124 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$% &"'()(*(+)% The movement of a tool!the pig--propelled by gas or liquid through the inside of a pipeline for the purpose of cleaning, dimensioning, or inspecting. Inspection pigs, equipped with sophisticated sensors and electronics to "#$#%$&'("&)#'*+,#&%-,,-*.-(&'("&-$/#,&"#0#%$*&',#&1(-2(&'*&3*)',$&4.5*67 Receivers and launchers for the pipeline in -line inspection and cleaning tool. A collective word for individuals of the same species that potentially interbreed. The Keystone XL Project. A group of one or more pumps that raises the pressure of the oil to a maximum of the MOP of the downstream pipeline. A geological period ranging from 1.8 million years ago to the present. This is a time of major glaciations and cool climates . A carnivorous (meat-eating) bird, includes eagles, hawks, falcons, and owls. The process of re-establishing a disturbed site to a former or other productive use, not necessarily to the same condition that existed before disturbance. Re-establishment of vegetation in disturbed areas. The pipeline easement and temporary workspace required to construct the pipeline. Pipeline right-of-way not contiguous with existing rights-of-way. The easement in which the pipeline will be installed and operated. Land rights held by a linear utility, such as a pipeline company which gives , the company a perpetual right to install and operate its lines within a legally-designated area. See also easement. The land next to the normal high-water mark in a stream, river, or lake. Riparian areas typically exemplify a rich and diverse vegetation mosaic, reflecting the influence of available surface water. A large, natural, or human-modified freshwater waterbody that flows in a defined course or channel. It has considerable flow volume compared to its smaller tributaries. An assemblage of parallel or sub-parallel linear forms with subdued relief. A soil particle between 0.05 and 2.0 mm in diameter. Any one of five soils separates: very coarse sand, coarse sand, medium sand, fine sand or very , fine sand. A soil textural class. The act of filling all voids between soil particles with a liquid. The act of forming the most concentrated solution possible under a given set of physical conditions in the presence of an excess of the solute. The act of filling to capacity, as the adsorption complex with a cation species . pigging pigging facilities population (in biology) Project, the pump station Quaternary Period raptor reclamation revegetation right-of-way, construction right-of-way, new pipeline right-of-way, pipeline right-of-way, ROW riparian area river rolling sand saturate 125 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$% sediment &"'()(*(+)% Fragmented material from weathered rocks and organic material that is suspended in, transported by, and eventually deposited by, air, water or , ice. The physical, chemical, or biological properties of sediment relative to its use or value as an environment for aquatic life. Any species that is not at risk of extinction or extirpation but might require special attention or protection to prevent it from becoming at risk. Also used to describe species at risk in general. A fine-grained laminated or fissile sedimentary rock made up of silt or claysized particles. It usually comprises about one-third quartz, one-third clay materials, and one-third minerals, such as carbonates, iron oxides, feldspars, and organic matter. A soil separate consisting of particles between diameters of 0.002 and 0.05 mm; a soil textural class. The percentage of vertical rise to the horizontal run. Mass sliding of semi-consolidated sediment downslope under the influence of gravity. The top few meters of regolith, generally including some organic matter derived from plants. The ease with which gases and liquids penetrate or pass through a bulk mass of soil or a layer of soil. The property of a porous medium that relates to the ease with which gases and liquids can pass through. Perching birds (e.g., warblers, sparrows, swallows, chickadees, thrushes and kinglets). Any pressure variation the human ear can detect. These variations in pressure travel between source and receptor as atmospheric waves. A group of organisms that actually or potentially interbreed and are reproductively isolated from all other such groups or a taxonomic grouping of genetically and morphologically similar individuals. Also the classification below genus. People or organizations with an interest in, or, who are affected by, or share in an undertaking. A supply of materials, such as line pipe or borrow materials, to be used later. Natural water course containing flowing water, at least part of the year, together with dissolved or suspended materials, that normally supports communities of plants and animals. Mineral and organic material forming the bottom of a watercourse or waterbody. Space adjacent to a permanent right-of-way, which is required during the construction period only, and is not required for operation of the pipeline. sediment quality sensitive shale silt slope slump soil soil permeability song birds sound species stakeholders stockpile stream substrate temporary workspace 126 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 !"#$% threatened &"'()(*(+)% The term used to describe any indigenous classification (species) of fauna or flora likely to become endangered if the factors affecting its vulnerability are not reversed. Unsorted sedimentary material deposited directly by, and underneath, a glacier, consisting of a mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel and boulders. , Also known as till. The physical feature of a district or region, such as those represented on a map, taken collectively; especially, the relief and contours of the land. The configuration of a surface, including its relief and natural and artifi cial features. (i) the layer of soil moved in cultivation; (ii) the A horizon; (iii) the Ah horizon; (iv) presumably, fertile soil material used totop-dress road banks, gardens, and lawns. A measure of the total concentration (usually in milligrams per liter (mg/L)) of suspended solids in water. The abbreviation for TransCanada Pipelines, Limited. Terrain with sufficient topographical relief that the communities and processes of the site are not influenced by a surface or near-surface water table, and in which riparian vegetation or aquatic processes do not persist. The direction from which a watercourse flows. A portion of water in a waterbody extending vertically from a given p oint on the surface to any depth. It is generally used to locate, describe, or characterize the chemical and physical constituents at a given depth or range. A body of water up to the high-water mark. Including canals, reservoirs, oceans and wetlands, but not including sewage or waste treatment lagoons. Aquatic birds, especially swimming game birds, such as ducks and geese. An area of land that drains to a single outlet and is separated from other watersheds by a divide. Wetland is those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. (USACE Wetland Delineation Manual, 1987) till, glacial topography topsoil total suspended solids TransCanada upland upstream water column waterbody waterfowl watershed wetland 127 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 128 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 8.0 References Burchett, R. R. 1986, Geologic Bedrock Map of Nebraska: Nebraska Geological Survey. Scale 1:1 Million. Crone, A. J. and R. L. Wheeler. 2000. Data for Quaternary faults, liquefaction features, and possible tectonic features in the Central and Eastern United States, east of the Rocky Mountain front. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 00-260. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Website: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0260/ofr-00-0260.pdf. Accessed July 31, 2008. Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual, Technical Report Y-87-1, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi. Executive Order 13112 of February 3, 1999 exp Energy Services Inc. Environmental, (2012). Keystone Project - Initial Report Identifying Alternative and Preferred Corridors for Nebraska Reroute. Tallahassee: exp. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2005. National Flood Insurance Program, Flood Insurance Definitions. Website: http://www.fema.gov/nfip/19def2.htm. Federal Plant Protection Act of 2000 Fischer, D. W., J. A. LeFever, J. A. Sorensen, S. A. Smith, L. D. Helms, R. D. LeFever, S. G. Whittaker, E. N. Steadman, and J. A. Harju. 2005. The Influence of Tectonics on the Potential Leakage of CO2 from Deep Geological Sequestration Units in the Williston Basin. Plains CO2 Reduction Partnership, University of North Dakota. Retrieved July 29, 2008: http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/carbon_seq/partnerships/phase1/pdfs/InfluenceTectonicsPo tenital.pdf Gutentag, E. D., F. J. Heimes, N. C. Krothe, R. R. Luckey, and J. B. Weeks. 1984. Geohydrology of the High Plains Aquifer in Parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1400-B. Issuance of Permits With Respect to Certain Energy-Related Facilities and Land Transportation Crossings on the International Boundaries of the United States 2004, Executive Order 13337, Presidential Document (2004). Joeckel, R. M. 2008. Description of Mapping Units for Surficial Geologic Maps: Endicott, Fairbury SW, and Reynolds Quadrangles, Nebraska. Retrieved August 14, 2008: http://snr.unl.edu/csd/information/ surficial/surf-endicottFairburySWReynolds.pdf. Keech, C. F. 1962. Ground Water Resources of Hamilton County, Nebraska. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper WSP 1539-N. Legislative Bill 4, One Hundred Second Legislature of Nebraska, First Special Session, (2011). Legislative Bill 1161, One Hundred Second Legislature of Nebraska, Second Session, (2012). Maher, H., G. Engelmann, and R. Shuster. 2003. Roadside Geology of Nebraska. Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing Company. 129 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Miller, J. A. and C. L. Appel. 1997. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Segment 3, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska. U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas HA-730-D. National Atlas. 2008. MapMaker Layers for Coal Fields, Minerals, Earthquakes, Karst, and Landslide Incidence and Susceptibility. Retrieved July 11, 2008, August 13, 2008 and June 24, 2009: National Atlas. 2008. MapMaker Layers for Coal Fields, Minerals, Earthquakes, Karst, and Landslide Incidence and Susceptibility. Retrieved July 11, 2008, August 13, 2008 and June 24, 2009: National Atlas; Retrieved, July 22, 2012: http://www.nationalatlas.gov/mld/qfaultm.html Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS). 2006. Land Resource Regions and Major Land Resource Areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. Nebraska Department of Agriculture, Title 25, Chapter 10, Nebraska Administrative Code ! Noxious Weed Regulations, Revised 2010 Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality, 2012 Water Quality Integrated Report; April 01, 2012. Retrieved, July 22, 2012: http://www.deq.state.ne.us/ Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (2012). !"#$%&'%(& Keystone XL Pipeline Evaluation Feedback Report. Lincoln: NDEQ Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC). 2009a. Nebraska Natural Heritage Program. Range Maps for Threatened and Endangered Species. NGPC. February 25, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2012: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=nebgamewhitepap Nebraska Department of Natural Resources. 1957-Present. Nebraska Registered Groundwater Wells. Lincoln, Nebraska: Nebraska Department of Natural Resources. Online linkage: http://www.dnr.ne.gov/data bank/metadata/nrlegend.html. Accessed 04/09. Nebraska Environmental Department of Environmental Quality (NEDEQ), 2010. http://www.deq.state.ne.us/ Newport, T.G., and R. A. Krieger. 1959. Ground Water Resources of the Lower Niobrara River and Ponca Creek Basins, Nebraska and South Dakota. USGS Water Supply Paper WSP 1460-G. Pipeline and Hazard Materials Safety Administration, DOT, National Pipeline Mapping System. Natural Disaster Study, 1996. Landslide Hazard Rank (LSHR) Layer; Retrieved July 21, 2012: http://www.npms.phmsa.dot.gov/ Radbruch-Hall, D. H., R. B. Colton, W. E. Davies, I. Lucchitta, B. A. Skipp, and D. J. Varnes. 1982. Landside Overview Map of the United States. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1183. Rainwater Basin Joint Venture. 2008. Rainwater Basin Fact Sheet. Retrieved July 24, 2012: http://www.rwbjv.org/pdf/Rainwater_Basin_Fact_Sheet.pdf. Thornbury, W. D. 1965. Regional Geomorphology of the United States. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. University of Nebraska, Lincoln Conservation and Survey Division Well Database. 130 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 USDA Agriculture, Animal, and Plant Health Inspection Service [APHIS] 2000; Institute of Public Law [IPL] 1994. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual. Technical Report Y-87-1. U.S. Army Corp of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi. U.S. Census Bureau: Nebraska State and County QuickFacts. Data derived from Population Estimates, American Community Survey, Census of Population and Housing, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits, Consolidated Federal Funds Report, http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/31000.html, Accessed July 24, 2012. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 40 CFR Part 52.21(l)(5)(i); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 1978. Protective Noise Levels. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). 2006. Land Resource Regions and Major Land Resource Areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) ! National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). 2006 ! 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2008: http://www.nass.usda.gov/Data_Statistics/Quick_Stats/index.asp. U.S. Geological Survey and Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology. 2006. Quaternary fault and fold database for the United States. Retrieved July 31, 2008: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/qfaults/ U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 2008. National Earthquake Information Center Earthquake Search; U.S. Geological Survey/National Earthquake Information Center 1973 to present Database. Website: http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/epic/epic_rect.html. Accessed August 14, 2008.U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigation Report, SIR 2006-5138, FIG 3&4. U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Retrieved July 23, 2012; http://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/physio.xml U.S. Geological Survey, National Atlas; Retrieved July 19, 2012: http://www.nationalatlas.gov/mld/karst0m.html Weeks, J. B., E. D. Gutentag, F. J. Heimers, and R. R. Luckey. 1988. Summary of the High Plains Regional Aquifer System Analysis in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1400-A. 131 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute August 31, 2012 !""#$%&'(! )&"#*&$#(!#+&,*(-./0#(12##03 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute August 31, 2012 FILED IN OVERSIZED VOLUME SEPARATELY TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute August 31, 2012 !""#$%&'() *+,+(-./01&.$(2&"#3&$#(4.51#(+6##17 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute August 31, 2012 FILED IN OVERSIZED VOLUME SEPARATELY TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute August 31, 2012 !""#$%&'() *+,-(.##%/012(3045&' N D E Q F eedback Report Subject E conomic Benefits and Concerns E conomic Benefits and Concerns C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments How many short-term and long-term jobs will the Project create? Please see Section 4.3.9 of the SER Response 5.1.1 5.1.2 Will farmers be compensated for loss of income that may occur as a result of a leak? Yes. Keystone's standard form of easement provides that Keystone will pay all commercially reasonable costs and expenses that result from its use of the easement, including but not limited to damages caused by petroleum leaks and spills, except to the extent that the damages are caused by the landowner's negligence, recklessness, or willful misconduct. Please see Section 3.10.6 of the SER E conomic Benefits and Concerns E conomic Benefits and Concerns 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6 What tax benefits will befall county and local governments? Will loss of income to area landowners during construction result in tax hardships? Loss of income caused by Keystone XL Project will be compensated to the landowner by Keystone. The Project does not !"#$%%&'&$()*')("+&,-%#%&."+$)#*.)("+&"!&)-%&/(/%0(+%&,"*01&#%$*0)&(+&2)'3&-'#1$-(/4&!"#&'&0'+1",+%#5&&6'+1",+%#$&7'8& consider consulting a tax advisor regarding taxation of payments received. If Keystone transfers ownership of the pipeline to another company, the easement, including Keystone's obligations under the easement, would also be transferred to the new owner. E conomic Benefits and Concerns E conomic Benefits and Concerns What are the rights of the landowners if Keystone transfers pipeline ownership to another company? A lternative Cor ridors 5.2.1 5.2.2 A lternative Cor ridors If Keystone defaults on construction loans or sells the pipeline to others, what instruments would If Keystone sells the pipeline to others, there is no default. The Keystone XL Project will be funded fully through a be in place to hold the landowners and State of Nebraska harmless from any financial combination of funds provided by its parent, and third-party borrowings guaranteed by TransCanada. In the event of a obligations resulting from such default? 1%!'*0)9&)-%&:)')%&'+1&)-%&0'+1",+%#$&.'++")&;%&;*#1%+%1&'$&)-%8&'#%&+")&'&/'#)8&)"&'+8&"!&<#'+$='+'1'>$&!(+'+.('0& obligations Many commenters questioned why the Keystone XL Pipeline cannot be located parallel to the Keystone confined its assessment of alternative routes to the Study Area as defined in Section 2.1 of the April 2012 existing Keystone Oil Pipeline Keystone Re-Route Report. Section 2.1 defines the project study area and provides the rationale for establishing the boundaries of that area. Commenters also expressed the belief that there are other, safer alternatives than crossing the First, the Project avoids the Sandhills as defined by NDEQ. Second, the Ogallala aquifer underlies most of the state of Ogallala Aquifer, such as through Boyd County, where the soils have a greater percentage of Nebraska and cannot be avoided. Third, Keystone's Northern alternative traverses through a portion of Boyd County. clay and where the Sand Hills can be more easily avoided Fourth, in the event that there were to be a pipeline leak that reached the Ogallala aquifer, the impacts would be highly localized and the aquifer would not be jeopardized. Fifth, the pipeline is designed to be built and operated as a safe pipeline system. The August 2011 FEIS reviewed the project and concluded that the "[a]s a result of incorporation of the current PHMSA regulations, current industry standards, and the set of 57 Project-specific Special Conditions developed by PHMSA and agreed to by Keystone, the proposed Project would have a degree of safety over any other typically constructed domestic oil pipeline system under current code and a degree of safety along the entire length of the pipeline system similar to that which is required in HCAs as defined in 49 CFR 195.450." What process did NDEQ use to define the Sand Hills? How will Keystone ensure that sandy soils are stabilized and restored to a condition that will enable vegetation to quickly re-establish? See the public notice issued by NDEQ on December 29, 2011. In consultation with Nebraska agencies and Universities, detailed plans have been developed for stabilizing and restoring areas of sandy soils to ensure that vegetation is quickly re-established. The FEIS provides many of these details in Sections 3.2.2.1, 3.2.1.3, 3.2.2.2, 3.5.2.1 and 3.5.5.2, Appendix A (Consolidated Response ERO1 (p. A36)) and Appendix L of this SER, including the Sandy Prairie Construction/Reclamation Unit details (Appendix H of this SER), as well as Section 4.15 of the CMRP also contains details for stabilizing sandy soil areas and ensuring revegetation of these areas. Sand H ills Sand H ills 5.3.1 5.3.2 C-2 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject Sand H ills C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments How will Keystone deal with wetlands, wet meadows, and sub-irrigated meadows? Response Wetlands, wet meadows, and sub-irrigated meadows are typical features that pipelines traverse. Section 3.4 of the FEIS describes the environmental setting and impacts and 6.0 of the CMRP (Appendix L of this SER) describes the construction methods that would apply to these features. These construction methods are Best Management Practices (BMPs) that support successful post construction restoration. Crossing of "Waters of the US" are also permitted by the USACE. The August 2011 FEIS reviewed the project and concluded that the "[a]s a result of incorporation of the current PHMSA regulations, current industry standards, and the set of 57 Project-specific Special Conditions developed by PHMSA and agreed to by Keystone, the proposed Project would have a degree of safety over any other typically constructed domestic oil pipeline system under current code and a degree of safety along the entire length of the pipeline system similar to that which is required in HCAs as defined in 49 CFR 195.450." FEIS Section 3.13.6.3 Water Resources describes, the response time, source control, cleanup and remediation for an oil spill in shallow aquifer areas. This section of the FEIS references a DOS Data Request, whereby Keystone presented its approach to spill response under two hypothetical spill scenarios defined by DOS. As stated in the FEIS, the two scenarios provided an opportunity to review the level of preparedness and foresight currently in place relative to potential spills in relatively shallow groundwater areas (Page 3.13-54, see DR 5.8 of this appendix). Based on their review, the DOS considered Keystones response planning appropriate and consistent with accepted industry practice (3.13-54). Please also see DR 5.6.1, Keystone's data response to the September 2010 data request, see Attachment A to Appendix C of this SER. Yes, any spill or leak would be cleaned up to the applicable state and federal soils and groundwater standards. These standards are protective of human health and the environment. FEIS Table 3.13 .5.10 shows the list of applicable regulations relative to the remediation of crude oil contamination the federal and state level. The Nebraska Environmental Protection Act, Nebraska RRS S 81-1501, et seq. and the Nebraska Administrative Code (NAC) Title 126, chapter 18, provide for operator liability in the event a pipeline spills oil or a hazardous substance in or on land or waters of the State. Additionally, Section 1001 (32)(B) of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) states that in the case of an onshore facility, any person owning or operating the facility is the responsible party. FEIS section 3.13.5.5, Actions to Prevent, Detect and Mitigate Oil Spills provides a description of mitigation and liability for oil spills. Yes. See 5.1.2 above. 5.3.3 Ogallala A quifer and W ater Q uality 5.4.1 Will portions of the pipeline that are constructed in the Ogallala Aquifer receive special !"#$%&$'#()*+,&-*.+*.*/#,01%*2.11*#"*.*-%.34*$-'&5(%++*!'!%)*$#*!"#$%&$*$-'+*6!"%&'#,+*"%+#,"&%7* against leaks and potential groundwater contamination? Ogallala A quifer and W ater Q uality 5.4.2 If a leak occurs into the Ogallala Aquifer, how will it be cleaned up? Ogallala A quifer and W ater Q uality 5.4.3 5.4.4 Can it be fully cleaned up? Ogallala A quifer and W ater Q uality Who will pay for the cleanup? Ogallala A quifer and W ater Q uality Ogallala A quifer and W ater Q uality Ogallala A quifer and W ater Q uality Ogallala A quifer and W ater Q uality 5.4.5 5.4.6 5.4.7 5.4.8 5.4.9 Will farmers be compensated for long-term damages if the leak results in loss of crops? Will Keystone monitor the water quality of wells that are in the Ogallala Aquifer and within the Keystone will conduct baseline sampling prior to construction for water wells within 300 feet of the project centerline. Project corridor? How long will Keystone monitor water quality? If Keystone does not propose to monitor water quality, will NDEQ conduct this monitoring? See response to 5.4.6 Not applicable Ogallala A quifer and W ater Q uality In the areas where the pipeline intersects groundwater, will the pipeline and associated trench alter groundwater flow? In areas where the pipeline intersects groundwater, neither the pipeline nor the associated trench will alter groundwater flow. At the edges of wetlands and in areas where shallow groundwater is encountered, trenchplugs will be installed as necessary to prevent migration of water along the trench or draining of wetlands. The FEIS provides information on this question in sections ES-16, 3.3.1.1, 3.3.2.1, 3.13.6.3 and 3.14.3.3. The CMRP addresses this question in Section 4.5.3. C-3 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject Ogallala A quifer and W ater Q uality Pipeline Construction, O peration, and M aintenance Pipeline Construction, O peration, and M aintenance Pipeline Construction, O peration, and M aintenance Pipeline Construction, O peration, and M aintenance Pipeline Construction, O peration, and M aintenance Pipeline Construction, O peration, and M aintenance Pipeline Construction, O peration, and M aintenance Pipeline Construction, O peration, and M aintenance C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments Response 5.4.10 5.5.1 5.5.2 How will the pipeline and trench intersecting groundwater-fed springs affect their flow? If See 5.4.9 above groundwater flow is affected, how will that be mitigated How will the pipeline be constructed through areas of hilly terrain, wetlands, and shallow water Section 4.5 of the CMR Plan (Appendix L) presents information on the use of sediment barriers and slope breakers. tables? Wetlands and waterbodies are addressed in Sections 6.0 and 7.0, respectively in the CMRP. How much water will be needed during construction to ensure proper compaction? None, water is not used to compact the soil. 5.5.3 What will be the source of that water? Not applicable 5.5.4 How will construction materials be delivered to the construction site? Materials will be transported to the ROW via truck transportation. 5.5.5 How will yard sites for materials storage be identified? Pipe storage sites would be required at approximately 35 mile intervals and contractor yards would be required at approximately 60-mile intervals. Yards will be leased from willing landowners. Each pipe storage site would occupy approximately 30 to 40 acres and would typically be located close to railroad sidings. Pipe storage sites and contractor yards would be used on a temporary basis and would be reclaimed, as appropriate, upon completion of construction. Yes 5.5.6 Will landowners be compensated for allowing materials storage? 5.5.7 Will these areas be restored to their previous use following construction? Yes, unless the landowner directs otherwise. 5.5.8 How many pumping stations will be needed, and where will they be located? A total of 5 new pump stations sites would be required along the proposed reroute, each situated on an approximately 5- to 15-acre site. Keystone will propose pump station locations based on hydraulic analysis of the flow in the pipeline and other relevant factors. The location of PS 26 is identified in the FEIS, four of the pump stations (PS 22-25) are in the process of being sited. See also Section 2.1.10 of this SER. Inspection and maintenance personnel would access the pump stations through a gate that would be locked when no one is at the pump station. Additional security measures may be implemented in accordance with API recommended practices. Pipeline Construction, O peration, and M aintenance Pipeline Construction, O peration, and M aintenance 5.5.9 What security measures will be taken to prevent vandalism at these stations? 5.5.10 What measures will Keystone take to ensure that stream channel degradation does not result in exposure of or damage to the pipe? Keystone has designed the pipeline depth at stream crossings to remain below the scour depth. The FEIS addresses this question at Section 3.3 (p. 3.3.-35) and the CMRP section 2.9 (p. 5), including scour analysis of streams and adequate burial depth and length to prevent impacts to the pipeline from stream migration. In addition, Keystone's regular patrols and inspection of the pipeline route would detect stream channel migration or scour. C-4 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject Pipeline Construction, O peration, and M aintenance Pipeline Construction, O peration, and M aintenance W aterbodies C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments How much water will be needed at pumping stations? None during regular operations. Response 5.5.11 5.5.12 5.6.1 5.6.2 How much noise would occur from pumping station operation, and will this noise be mitigated? The FEIS in Section 3.12.2.3, outlines the potential noise impacts from operating pumps at the station. How will Keystone cross important rivers such as the Niobrara, Elkhorn, Loup, and Platte? How will river, stream, and other waterbody crossings be restored after construction? Will Keystone monitor this restoration for long-term success? Keystone plans to cross the Niobrara, Loup, Platte and Elkhorn Rivers utilizing the HDD method. Details on streambank and riverbank restoration are detailed in the CMRP (Section 6) and details in the FEIS (Section 2.3.3.5). Keystone will continue monitoring stream bank and ROW stability and revegetation success until the areas are stabilized and appropriately vegetated. In addition, Keystone's integrity management monitoring of the ROW will include evaluation of streambanks and identification of erosion that may occur along the ROW throughout the life of the project to ensure longterm stabilization, integrity of the pipeline and successful revegetation. Information on this question is found in the FEIS Sections 3.3 and 3.7 as well as the CMRP section 7.1 W aterbodies W aterbodies 5.6.3 In streams where Keystone proposes to cross using an open cut, what measures will be taken to Keystone has designed the pipeline depth at stream crossings to remain below the scour depth. The FEIS addresses this prevent damage from flash flooding? question at Section 3.3 (p. 3.3.-35) and the CMRP section 2.9 (p. 5), including scour analysis of streams and adequate burial depth and length to prevent impacts to the pipeline from stream migration. In addition, Keystone's regular patrols and inspection of the pipeline route would detect stream channel migration or scour. What measures will be taken to restore stream bed and banks? Streambank stabilization methods and measures are described in the FEIS sections 3.3, 3.7 and in the CMRP in Section 7.11 among other locations. W aterbodies W aterbodies 5.6.4 5.6.5 At waterbody crossings where Keystone proposes to use HDD techniques, how much water will Water sources to support the HDD operation are normally the stream or river that is being drilled. The volume of water be needed and what will be the source of that water? needed varies, depending on the length of the drill and the subsurface conditions encountered. Keystone will acquire all required water withdrawal permits from the state of Nebraska for each of these sources prior to initiating water withdrawals for the HDD operations. How will Keystone prevent corrosion of a steel pipe when it is immersed in water? Farmers will use chemicals extensively during the growing season. Will these chemicals accelerate corrosion? Will run-off or seepage from feedlots accelerate corrosion? Who will conduct and pay for emergency responder training? Will Keystone provide the necessary equipment to emergency responders and to nearby hospitals who may have to treat victims of exposure to product spills? The pipeline will be externally coated with fusion bond epoxy (FBE) coating coupled with a cathodic protection system to prevent external corrosion (see FEIS Section 2.3.1). FBE coating applied to the pipe is designed to protect the pipe. No. Keystone will conduct and pay for company emergency responder training. Keystone will also invite emergency services agencies to participate in company training/exercises free of charge. As outlined in Keystone's Emergency Response Continuing Education / Liaison Program, as part of the Public Awareness Program, Keystone will respond to any pipeline emergencies. In the event of a pipeline emergency, Emergency Service Agencies are requested to protect themselves and the public by controlling access to the affected area. Keystone personnel have the training required to be first and on-going responders as well as all necessary resources, equipment, and personnel are located such that they can conduct a timely response to any emergency. No special training or equipment is needed to treat exposure to crude oil. Cor rosion Cor rosion Cor rosion Spills, Contamination, and C leanup Spills, Contamination, and C leanup 5.7.1 5.7.2 5.7.3 5.8.1 5.8.2 C-5 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject Spills, Contamination, and C leanup Spills, Contamination, and C leanup Spills, Contamination, and C leanup Spills, Contamination, and C leanup Spills, Contamination, and C leanup C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments How will spills be cleaned up? See DR 5.4.2 above Response 5.8.3 5.8.4 5.8.5 5.8.6 5.8.7 Who will pay for cleanup and the damages that may result? see DR 5.4.4 above Will the landowner bear any liability or responsibility for cleanup? What provisions are included to prevent pipeline rupture in the event of a sudden, unexpected valve closure? What methods does the industry use to ensure incorporation of lessons learned? For example, the spills into the Kalamazoo and Yellowstone Rivers made national headlines. What lessons did Keystone take from these accidents, and how are they incorporated into the proposed design of the pipeline and in its Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure Plan? See FEIS at Page 3.13-75 to 76 for a full explanation. An automatic SCADA shutdown command would be initiated and all pumps at every station located upstream of the unexpected closing valve would stop automatically via local control systems. Such action would eliminate pressure surge thus bringing the entire line to safe shut down condition. The industry applies multiple means for ensuring lessons learned are incorporated into business practice. These include: participation in industry associations such as API/AOPL and CEPA, conducting workshops, and regulatory agencies (PHMSA, NTSB) workshops/notifications with sharing of lessons learned. Additionally, the Keystone ERP is reviewed and revised at minimum once per year with more frequent revisions incorporating the lessons learned from actual emergency response events and exercises. These revisions may affect the internal training program, construction practices, emergency response planning and the public awareness program as appropriate. Keystone filed DOS DR 1 16.6.2 May 1 2009, which stated: Keystone will use a SCADA system to remotely monitor and control the pipeline system. The SCADA system will include a redundant, fully functional, backup Operational Control Center (OCC), available for service at all times; automatic features to ensure operation within prescribed pressure limits; and additional automatic features installed at the pump stations to provide pipeline pressure protection in the event communications with the SCADA host are interrupted. A number of complementary leak detection methods and systems are available with the OCC and in the field. These methods are overlapping in nature and progress in leak detection thresholds. These leak detection methods and systems are as follows: !"#$%&'$"%&()'&*)(+",$*-&*%$."/0"'1$"233"2,$*4'&*5"61)71"7&(8)8'8 primarily of monitoring pressure and flow data received from pump stations and valve sites fed back to the OCC by the Keystone SCADA system. Remote monitoring iss typically able to detect leaks down to approximately 25 percent to 30 percent of pipeline flow rate; !"9&-'64*$:/48$.";&<=%$"/4<4(7$"808'$%8"'14'"%&()'&*"*$7$),'"4(.".$<);$*0 volumes. These systems are typically able to detect leaks down to approximately 5 percent of pipeline flow rate. For leaks just below the approximate 25 percent threshold of the SCADA system, the volume balance method is expected to have a deletion time of a few minutes; !"3&%,='4')&(4<">),$<)($"?&()'&*)(+"&*"8&-'64*$:/48$."<$4@".$'$7')&( systems that utilize a model to break the pipeline system into smaller segments and monitor each of these segments on a mass blance basis. These systems are typically capable of detecting leaks down to a level approximately 1.5 percent to 2 percent of pipeline flow rate within 102 minutes; !"3&%,='$*:/48$.5"(&(:*$4<"')%$5"477=%=<4'$."+4)(AB<&88C";&<=%$"'*$(.)(+ to assist in identifying low rate or seepage releases below the 1.5 to 2 percent by volume detection thresholds; and !"D)*$7'"&/8$*;4')&("%$'1&.85"61)71")(7<=.$"4$*)4<",4'*&<85"+*&=(.",4'*&<85 and public and landowner awareness programs that are designed to encourage and facilitate the reporting of suspected leaks and events that may suggest a threat to the integrity of the pipeline. While releases above the threshold of the various computerized leak detection methods are quickly detected, a pinhole leak with a slow rate of release will not be detected as quickly as a larger leak by the first four detection mechanisms outlined above. Pipeline patrolling and public awareness may be the first to detect these small leaks. In such cases, the time to detection will be longer, perhaps a few days. However, long-term PHMSA data indicate that the majority of pipeline spills are usually detected within three hours and 97 percent of spills are detected within seven days (PHMSA 2008). As for leaks that are not detected within the first 24 hours, PHMSA data indicate that such leaks were 15 barrels or less and the maximum leak volume was 12,000 barrels (detected after four days). Additionally, PHMSA special condition #32, requires an automated valve placed a maximum interval of no more than 20 miles. As such, Keystone XL will be outfitted with a significant number of SCADA instruments (approx 16,000) than that of a typical pipeline which will reduce the detection time due to the increased data points along the system. L eak Detection 5.9.1 How quickly can leaks be detected? L eak Detection 5.9.2 How much product might be lost during the time between breach and response? Based on analysis of PHMSA historical incident data, the majority of pipeline spills result in spill volumes of 3 barrels or less (126 gallons). C-6 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject L eak Detection C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments How quickly and to what extent would such a leak contaminate an aquifer or waterbody given the site conditions in the proposed corridor? What safeguards are present to detect and prevent leaks? What is the history of the effectiveness of these safeguards? How often have these safeguards failed? Response The entire aquifer will not be contaminted because any spill impacts will be localized. A full description of the posible impacts considerated within the Project can be found in the FEIS within Chapter 3.13.5. Specific information regarding Water Resources Impacts can be found in the FEIS within Chapter 3.13.6.3 Please see Section 2.5.1 of the FEIS Please see Section 2.4.2 of the FEIS No pipelines have been built to the specifications required of the Keystone XL pipeline, including the 57 Special Conditions. Pipelines are the safest mode for transporting large volumes of petroeum hydrocarbons. Industry data indicates that equipment malfunctions account for approximately 7.9% of all pipeline incidents. With the implementation of the 57 Special Conditions, PHMSA has stated that the pipeline safety would be equal to or greater than safety of pipelines built under existing regulatory requirements. Keystone has not had any pipeline leaks or failures. During startup of the Keystone system, 14 small releases occurred at pump station locations or above-ground facilities. All of the released product was confined within the pump station perimeter with the exception of the Ludden Pump Station release. Twelve of the releases were so small that they were detected during normal operational practices. The other two leaks were detected by controllers at the OCC. From the time that the leaks at the pump stations were detected, pipeline shutdown response occurred within 10 minutes. Table 3.13 1-4 of the FEIS describes the reported unintentional release volumes for the existing, operational Keystone oil pipeline. All of the incidents were located at pump stations and MLV's not on the pipeline itself. In each of these incidents, the oil was discovered early, in most cases the leaks were limited to the ground surface, the oil was minimal and was cleaned up immediately and no environmental damage was reported. In one case (Ludden pump station), low level residual offsite oil spray impacts were treated in place in accordance with North Dakota Department of Health in-situ land treatment guidelines. All remediation at these sites has been completed. The products that will be transported in the Keystone XL pipeline are crude oils derived from US and Canadian sources. All the crude oils are a complex mixture of petroleum hydrocarbons. Specifically, the crude oils to be transported by Keystone XL ranges from light to moderately heavy crude oil, all with specific gravities less than water meaning that they will float. Refer to FEIS section 3.13-30 to 3.13-50 for specific details on product characteristics and comparisons of oil sands crude oil and conventional crude oil. Additionally, the DOS analysis of the crude oils to be shipped on the Keystone XL pipeline indicated that oil sands crude oils are not substantially different than the heavy crude oils currently refined in PADD III (FEIS 3.13-47). See also the crude oil fact sheets in Appendix N of this SER. Keystone does not add any products to the crude oils shipped on the pipeline. The shippers mix condensate as a diluent with raw bitumen to enable it to flow. The resulting mixture of diluted bitumen is a crude oil. In the context of crude oils, the condensates are typically a mixture of light-end petroleum hydrocarbon liquids with a specific gravity of much less than 1.0. It is a component that is removed in the post delivery refining process. As with all petroleum hydrocarbons, the crude oil shipped on the pipeline may contain some toxic compounds such as benzene. The concentration of these compounds is variable for every product but the concentrations of these compounds are comparable to conventional crude oils (FEIS 3.13-77 to 3.13-81). 5.9.3 5.9.4 5.9.5 5.9.6 L eak Detection L eak Detection L eak Detection L eak Detection 5.9.7 What was the response time for leaks that occurred on the Keystone Oil Pipeline? L eak Detection 5.9.8 Do any cleanup or remediation activities remain to be completed? Product C haracteristics and H ealth E ffects 5.10.1 What are the characteristics of the products being transported? Product C haracteristics and H ealth E ffects 5.10.2 What chemicals will be added to facilitate movement through the pipeline? Product C haracteristics and H ealth E ffects 5.10.3 How toxic are the products being moved through the pipeline? C-7 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject Product C haracteristics and H ealth E ffects C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments What are the health risks from exposure? Response Potential health risks from over exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons are dependent on concentration of the product and duration of exposure. The two routes of exposure include inhalation and apsorbtion through the skin. Prolonged exposure can result in short term health effects including dermititis, respiratory tract irritation, headaches and dizziness. The risk to the general public is low as outlined in the FEIS in part due to the rapid atmospheric dissipation of hydrogen sulfide and other light weight petroleum hydrocarbons such as benzene which are highly volatile (FEIS 3.13-78 to 3.13-79). 5.10.4 Product C haracteristics and H ealth E ffects Product C haracteristics and H ealth E ffects Product C haracteristics and H ealth E ffects 5.10.5 5.10.6 5.10.7 Will emergency responders receive specific training to diagnose and treat exposures to dilutants In the event of an emergency, emergency services personnel would be provided with the product MSDS within which and other chemicals in the oil? specific treatments are outlined. Are any of the dilutants that are added to the crude oil water-soluble? Condensate (diluent) will not be transported by the pipeline. Once condensate is combined with bitumen, the resulting crude oil has the same characteristics as other crude oils. Those constiuents of crude oil that have the highest water solubility include BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylenes). As with any crude oil spill, efforts will be made to recover all crude oil from soils to avoid groundwater contamination. Keystone would coordinate with appropriate agencies regarding remediation technologies. They may include in-situ recovery operations such as soil vapour extraction and pumping of collected product via groundwater wells. [See DR 5.4.2 above] How would these chemicals be removed from groundwater in the event of a spill or leak? Product C haracteristics and H ealth E ffects T emperature 5.10.8 5.11.1 5.11.2 Will Keystone or NDEQ regularly monitor rural water wells for the chemicals that may enter the Keystone will not be conducting a monitoring program (see also 5.4.2 above). water supply as a result of an undetected leak? What will the temperature of the product be? FEIS Appendix L, Fig. 1 shows the temperature of the oil in the pipeline by milepost. Elevated temperatures are the result of the friction of oil moving through the pipeline, it is not externally heated. It is not to exceed about 105F in the wintertime and 135F in the summertime. Temperature contours (FEIS Appendix L Figures 3 to 33) change dramatically throughout the year as air temperature and soil temperature interact. Although temperature differences are most noticeable in early to mid-spring, the area of maximum temperature difference is restricted to immediately over the pipeline (FEIS Appendix L, Figures 3 and 4 and 8 and 9). Later spring and summer temperature profiles indicate that average surface temperatures continue through the soil profile in a zone around the pipeline (FEIS Appendix L, Figures 5 and 6 and 10 and 11). Late fall temperature profiles indicate that pipeline heat has minimal effect on surface conditions (FEIS Appendix L, Figures 7 and 12). FEIS Section 3.5.5.1, page 3.5-30, outline that there is a possibility that early germination and plant emergence may occur directly over the pipeline when it is running at full capacity. Appendix L of the FEIS provides a projected temperature profile around the pipeline by season and location along the length of the project. It is not likely that the temperatures in flowing waterbodies will be increased with the temperature around the pipeline. The modeling presented in Appendix L was based upon a 4 foot burial depth, but at streams and rivers, especially for HDDs, the pipe will be buried deeper than 4 feet. Construction through loose and sandy soil conditions is described in detail in the Appendix L of this SER (CMRP). In areas of fragile soils, erosion control measures as described in Section 3.2.2.1 of the FEIS and Section 4.15.2 of the CMRP (Appendix L of this SER) would be implemented to ensure trench stability. In areas of fragile soils, erosion control measures as described in Section 3.2.2.1 of the FEIS and Section 4.15.2 of the CMRP (Appendix L of this SER) would be implemented to ensure trench stability. Keystone also has to comply with construction worker safety requirements that are established by OSHA. T emperature Will a higher temperature affect the freeze-thaw cycle? T emperature T emperature 5.11.3 5.11.4 How will a higher temperature affect seed germination, crop growth, and water evaporation? Will the higher temperature of the ground surrounding the pipeline translate to increased temperatures of streams and other waterbodies? If yes, could these temperatures result in degraded fisheries? How will the pipeline be constructed through loose and sandy soils? How will trench cave-ins be avoided? How will construction be accomplished when these soil conditions occur in areas of shallow water table (that is, 2 feet or less)? Soils and E rosion Soils and E rosion Soils and E rosion 5.12.1 5.12.2 5.12.3 C-8 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject Soils and E rosion C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments How will construction affect shelterbelts and the effectiveness of these areas in reducing wind erosion? Response 5.12.4 Soils and E rosion 5.12.5 5.12.6 5.12.7 Soils and E rosion Soils and E rosion To minimize impacts on shelterbelts, the construction ROW would be reduced from 110 feet to 85 feet in these areas as described in Section 2.1.2.1 of the FEIS. Trees would be allowed to regrow in the temporary ROW after construction, consistent with DOT pipeline safety standards. Temporary erosion and sediment control measures would be implemented during construction and later replaced by permanent erosion control measures as described in Sections 4.5 and 4.11.5 of the CMRP (Appendix L of this SER). How will Keystone ensure the success of soil stabilization and vegetation reclamation following Best Management Practices would be implemented to return disturbed areas to the equivalent of adjacent off-ROW areas as construction? described in Sections 2.3.2.8 and 2.3.2.9 of the FEIS and Sections 4.10 and 4.11 of the CMRP (Appendix L of this SER). See also responses to 5.3.2 and 5.6.2 above. Will Keystone monitor the post-construction area for obvious signs of wind and water erosion? Keystone would monitor the pipeline ROW for erosion via aerial and ground surveillance throughout the operating life of If so, for how long? the pipeline. Monitoring activities are described in Sections 2.3.2.9 and 2.4.1 of the FEIS and Section 4.16 of the CMRP (Appendix L of this SER). See also responses to 5.3.2 and 5.6.2 above. What remedies will be available to the landowner where erosion has occurred outside of the Erosion that occurs outside of the pipeline ROW that is a direct result of pipeline construction would either be repaired by ROW but is nevertheless a direct result of the pipeline construction? Keystone or the landowner would be compensated to reclaim the area. Reasonable methods would be implemented to control erosion as described in Sections 4.11.5 and 4.16 of the CMRP (Appendix L of this SER). If an area has to be fenced off to allow for revegetation, how will erosion due to increased cattle Keystone will monitor the ROW for several years following construction to ensure the ROW remains stable and revegetates movement along the fence line be addressed? successfully. In areas where cattle movement along the fence results in erosion or instability of the soils, Keystone will take additional actions, including potentially working with the landowners to rotate cattle out of the area, modifying the fencing to discourage cattle from moving along the fence or other actions taken in coordination with the landowner. Keystone has a regular/ongoing maintenance monitoring program that would also address any ongoing erosion concerns (see CMRP Plan as Appendix L of this SER). How could earthquakes affect pipeline integrity? FEIS Section 3.1.4.2 Sheet 3.1-28 states as follows: "Based on the evaluation of potential seismic hazards along the proposed ROW, the risk of pipeline rupture from earthquake ground motion is considered to be minimal. The proposed route would not cross any known active faults and is located outside of known zones of high seismic hazard. The pipeline would be constructed to be able to withstand probable seismic events within the seismic risk zones crossed by the proposed pipeline. The pipeline would be constructed in accordance with USDOT regulations 49 CFR Part 195, Transportation of Hazardous Liquids by Pipeline, and all other applicable federal and state regulations. These regulations are designed to prevent crude oil pipeline accidents and to ensure adequate protection for the public." Per FEIS Section 3.1 Geology, Sheet 3.1-22 "In eastern Nebraska, 11 earthquakes have been recorded since 1973, with magnitudes ranging from 2.8 to 4.3 (USGS 2008b). These earthquakes are believed to be associated with either the Humboldt fault zone or deep seated faults in the Salinas Basin. There are no active surficial faults along the proposed route (Crone and Wheeler 2000, USGS 2006)." Soils and E rosion 5.12.8 G eology 5.13.1 G eology G eology Property V alues E asements E asements 5.13.2 5.13.3 5.14.1 5.15.1 5.15.2 The area north of the Niobrara River has experienced earthquakes in recent memory. What special measures will be taken to prevent earthquakes from damaging the pipeline? Will the pipeline be constructed in areas of karst topography? If yes, what measures will be taken to ensure safe construction and operation? Some commenters questioned whether potentially diminished property values would make future generations reluctant to invest in farming in the area. Who is responsible for maintaining the easement? For example, who would remove trees? Can the landowner irrigate over the pipeline construction area? See 5.13.1 above No, see Section 3.4.4 of this SER. Please see FEIS pages 3.10-94 and 3.10-95 for an assessment of the potential impacts to property values. Keystone is responsible for maintaining the pipeline easement area during operation of the pipeline. Maintenance may include; brush clearing, weed control, signage, and fencing. During construction the angular range of pivot irrigation may be limited to maintain safe working conditions on the easement area. Compensation for anticipated yield reduction will be negotiated with the landowner prior to construction. After construction there are no restrictions on irrigation, however, the impoundment of waterover the easement is prohibited. C-9 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject E asements C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments What is the width and depth of the easement? Response !"#$%&'("$)*$("#$+#,-./#/($#.0#-#/($&0$1234$'5,&/6$7)/0(,57(&)/$(#-+),.,8$%),90+.7#$&0$+.,.::#:$()$("#$+&+#:&/#$#.0#-#/($ ./'$&0$(8+&7.::8$;23$&/$%&'("<$$$!"#$'#+("$)*$("#$#.0#-#/($&0$(".($%"&7"$&0$,#=5&,#'$*),$&/0(.::.(&)/$./'$)+#,.(&)/$)*$("#$+&+#< No. However, extraction operations that occur as a result of the landowner exercising their mineral rights cannot jeopardize the integrity of the pipeline. The legislature grants the power of eminent domain. Keystone is not a foreign company; it is registered in the state of Deleware. 5.15.3 5.15.4 5.15.5 5.16.1 5.16.2 5.16.3 E asements E asements F arm or Ranch O perations and Associated Inf rastructure F arm or Ranch O perations and Associated Inf rastructure F arm or Ranch O perations and Associated Inf rastructure F arm or Ranch O perations and Associated Inf rastructure F arm or Ranch O perations and Associated Inf rastructure F arm or Ranch O perations and Associated Inf rastructure F arm or Ranch O perations and Associated Inf rastructure F arm or Ranch O perations and Associated Inf rastructure F arm or Ranch O perations and Associated Inf rastructure Does the landowner relinquish his or her mineral rights? Is it appropriate to give the power of eminent domain to a foreign company? Where the pipeline crosses through existing farmland, how will Keystone work with landowners Keystone negotiates with each landowner to determine fair compensation for interference with farming/ranching operations during the growing season? and potential reductions in crop productivity. How will Keystone avoid impacting irrigation systems, particularly pivot and gravity-fed systems, and their supporting infrastructure? How will construction be performed to avoid or minimize impacts on existing irrigation infrastructure, such as electrical power? To the extent reasonably possible, Keystone has designed a route that minimizes interaction with irrigation systems and related infrastructure. If these systems are impacted Keystone will compensate landowners. Existing irrigation infrastructure such as, electrical power supply lines, gas supply lines, and water supply lines are ,#65:.(#'$.0$*),#&6/$:&/#$7,)00&/60<$!"#0#$*),#&6/$:&/#0$%&::$>#$?&05.::8$&'#/(&*&#'@$A+)(B"):#'C@$+,&),$()$#D7.?.(&)/$()$ prevent damage during excavation and will be protected from damage during construction. If any of these are damaged during construction Keystone will repair the affected utility line or compensate the utility for making repairs. Yes, as part of the easement acquisition process, compensation for loss of income when fields cannot be farmed is negotiated. 5.16.4 Will Keystone compensate farmers for loss of income when their fields cannot be farmed, such as during construction? 5.16.5 Will a permanent access road be needed? If so, who will maintain that road, and who will pay for the maintenance? At some locations permanent access will be negotiated with the landowner(s), Keystone is responsible for any maintenance needed as a result of our use of the road. 5.16.6 How will construction affect drain tiles? During construction attempts will be made to prevent damaging drain tiles, if interaction with the drain tile is unavoidable the tile will be repaired or replaced to the reasonable satisfaction of the landowner. 5.16.7 Will Keystone restore the drainage where it is impacted? Yes, post-construction elevation, slope, and grade will match pre-construction conditions. In the event interaction with a drain tile is unavoidable the tile will be repaired or replaced to the reasonable satisfaction of the landowner. 5.16.8 What provisions will be taken to prevent impacts on livestock during construction? E5,&/6$7)/0(,57(&)/$A7.((:#$7,)00B)?#,0C@$),$'&(7"$+:560$%&::$>#$&/0(.::#'$.($:)7.(&)/0$&'#/(&*&#'$>8$("#$:&?#0()79$)%/#,$()$ allow animals to cross the ditch at normal locations, i.e., cattle trails. The ditch ends are ramped to prevent entrapment of :&?#0()79$./'$%&:':&*#F("#$./&-.:$7./$%.:9$)5(< The FEIS addresses temporary and permanent gates in Section 2.3.2.1, 2.3.2.8, Apprendix A (p. A-38) and the CMRP sections 4.10 and 4.12. Keystone will post signs at all gates reminding crews of the need to close and secure gates after passing through the gate. Areas of damage to fences will be repaired expeditiously after the issue is identified. Noise issues associated with construction of the pipeline are addressed in detail in the FEIS Section 3.12.2 and 3.9.1 (pp. 3.9-13 to 3.919 and p. 3.9-34) and the CMRP (Appendix L of this SER). 5.16.9 For example, will Keystone ensure that construction crews close gates or that damaged fences are repaired or that activities are done at times that would avoid sudden or disturbing noises? C-10 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject F arm or Ranch O perations and Associated Inf rastructure F arm or Ranch O perations and Associated Inf rastructure Public Services Public Services C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments Response 5.16.10 What measures will Keystone take to ensure that topsoil that is removed for trench construction Soils would be replaced in the opposite order of removal. Topsoil salvaged during the grading operation would be kept is replaced in the correct order? separate and distinct from the trench subsoil and would only be used for replacement over the ROW in the areas it was initially removed. Sections 2.3.2.5 and 3.2.2.1 of the FEIS and Sections 4.3 and 4.9 of the CMRP (Appendix L of this SER) describe topsoil and subsoil handling. How will Keystone ensure the success of soil stabilization following construction and that the construction site is restored to a condition that will enable pasture or crops to quickly reestablish? How will Keystone compensate local governments for damages done to roads during construction? Will roads be improved prior to construction? Best Management Practices would be implemented to return disturbed areas to equivalent of off ROW conditions as described in Sections 2.3.2.8 and 2.3.2.9 of the FEIS and Sections 4.10 and 4.11 of the CMRP (Appendix L of this SER). 5.16.11 5.17.1 5.17.2 Keystone will compensate local governments for road damage in accordance with road use agreements. Existing public and private roads would be used to provide access to most of the construction ROW. Paved roads would not likely require improvement or maintenance prior to or during construction. However, the road infrastructure would be inspected prior to construction to ensure that the roads, bridges and cattle guards would be able to withstand oversized vehicle use during construction. Gravel roads and dirt roads may require maintenance during the construction period due to high use. Road improvements such as blading and filling would generally be restricted to the existing road footprint; however, some roads may require widening in some areas. To the extent Keystone is required to conduct maintenance of any county roads, it would be done pursuant to an agreement with the applicable county. In the event that oversized or overweight loads would be needed to transport construction materials to the proposed Project work sites Keystone would submit required permit applications to the appropriate state regulatory agencies. Public Services 5.17.3 What special measures will Keystone use to avoid underground electrical cables, telephone lines, and fiber optic cables Keystone and its pipeline contractors would comply with USDOT regulations, utility agreements, and industry BMPs with respect to utility crossing and separation specifications. One-call notification would be made for all utility crossings to identify utilities. Unless otherwise specified in a crossing agreement, the contractor would excavate to allow installation of the proposed Project pipeline across the existing pipeline or utility with a minimum clearance of 12 inches. The clearance distance would be filled with sandbags or suitable fill material to maintain the clearance. Backfill of the crossing would be compacted in lifts to ensure continuous support of the existing utility. Special L and Designations Special L and Designations Special L and Designations Special L and Designations Special L and Designations Special L and Designations Native A merican and C ultural Resources 5.18.1 5.18.2 5.18.3 5.18.4 5.18.5 5.18.6 5.19.1 Will lands that are currently registered with USDA NRCS under the Conservation Reserve This information is not readily available to Keystone, however, to Keystone's knowledge, the preferred route does not Program (CRP), the Wetlands Reserve Program, or the Grassland Reserve Program be avoided? impact any land currently registered with the Wetlands Reserve Program, or the Grassland Reserve Program. CRP lands crossed are provided in this SER. Will lands under similar programs with the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission be avoided? This information is not readily available to Keystone, however, to Keystone's knowledge, the preferred route does not impact any lands under similar programs with the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. If not, how will the landowners be compensated for the loss of revenue from these programs? If any lands within these programs are impacted, the landowner will be compensated, including reimbursement for any penalties of forfeiture of past payments incurred. Will the landowners also be compensated for any penalties for leaving these programs? See 5.18.3 above. Will lands that are held in permanent easement for other uses, such as wetland mitigation, be avoided? If not, what provisions will be taken to compensate for the loss of use? Will lands administered by the Nebraska Land Trust be avoided? Will the pipeline avoid areas of Native American burials, traditional cultural properties, and other archaeological sites? This information is not readily available to Keystone, however, to Keystone's knowledge, the preferred route does not impact any lands in a permanent easement for other uses, such as wetland mitigation. This information is not readily available to Keystone, however, to Keystone's knowledge, the preferred route does not impact any lands administered by the Nebraska Land Trust. The routing will avoid NRHP eligible sites that are identified during field surveys. DOS will be consulting with Native Americans about the need for and results of any TCP studies. C-11 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject Native A merican and C ultural Resources Native A merican and C ultural Resources O ther Issues Cor ridor Selection Process Cor ridor Selection Process Cor ridor Selection Process C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments Response 5.19.2 5.19.3 5.20.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 How will accidental discoveries of paleontological or archaeological sites during construction be As outlined in the Unanticipated Discoveries Plan provided in Appendix J of this report, Keystone will adhere to the handled? Nebraska requirements for reporting and assessing unanticipated archaeological discoveries found during construction. What procedures or mitigation measures will be in place to ensure the integrity of such discoveries? For archaeological resources, see Appendix J of this SER Cor ridor Selection Process 6.1.4 Cor ridor Selection Process Cor ridor Selection Process Cor ridor Selection Process Proposed Cor ridor 6.1.5 6.1.6 6.1.7 6.2.1 F acilities F acilities F acilities F acilities 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 The questions about tar sands, the end use of the oil, and the future use of the pipeline are Not applicable !"#$%&'()"'*+$,"'$-'./012*'34()$56(#'3%&'7"86*73(69"'+)358" :%';"+(6$%'<=>=?=@A'B9$6&3%+"'B5"3*'C'D358"';+37"A'()"'+$%*"593(6$%'"3*"E"%(*'3&E6%6*("5"&'!#' This information is not readily available to Keystone, however, to Keystone's knowledge, the preferred route does not the Nebraska Land Trust along the route appear to have been omitted. Keystone should explain impact any lands administered by the Nebraska Land Trust. how conservation easements were treated in its routing evaluations. Section 3.3, Geology, states that the geology beneath the Nebraska Reroute study area is See Section 3.4 of this report detailed in Table 2; however, Table 2 is titled Constraints Analysis for Corridor Segments. Where is the corridor geology detailed? ;"+(6$%'F=GA'H5$4%&I3("5A'E"%(6$%*'3'@JKE67"',$5(6$%'$-'()"',6,"76%"'+$556&$5'I)"5"'L%$' The reference in the initial routing report was that the aquifer in that part of the state is not named and described. See 6&"%(6-6"&'3M46-"5'"N6*(*=O''P$I"9"5A'()"5"'35"'3'%4E!"5'$-'5"86*("5"&'I"77*'I6()6%'3%&' Section 3.5.2 of this report. immediately adjacent to the corridor. How will aquifers not identified on reference material be identified by Keystone? In Table 2, Constraints Analysis for Corridor Segments, Option G is shown to be over 72 miles The initial routing report is based upon existing agency data. This has been updated in this report based upon field surveys 7$%8'!4('+5$**6%8'$%7#'J=@'E67"'$-'LD3%&'4*"A'P"5!3+"$4*QR69"5Q$,"%'I3("5'I"(73%&*=O'' and additional desk top analysis. See Section 3.5. Keystone should clarify this conclusion and provide the methodology used to determine this and other data in that table. What criteria, such as National Hydrologic Data criteria, were used to calculate the open water In the initial routing report, the National Hydrologic data base and review of aerial imagery was used to calculated open miles crossed? water crossings. Please see Appendix F for updated information. What criteria and methodologies were used to differentiate between pasture/hay, a forage crop, See Section 3.6 of this report for updated information and the grassland/herbaceous group? The estimates for grasslands appear to be excessively high when compared to pasture. Regulatory criteria are offered as a factor in the selection of the preferred option; however, these Feasibility of obtaining a permit and time frame to receive a permit. Both were reflected in the decision to reject criteria do not appear to be addressed in Section 5.0, Recommendation. What criteria were Alternative D because of the crossing of the Niobrara River in an area federally-designated as Wild and Scenic. considered, and how were they used in the selection process? NDEQ finds that the proposed corridor as shown in the Reroute Report meets the intent of the See Section 2.3 of this SER. Nebraska Legislature in avoiding the Sand Hills as defined by NDEQ in its press release dated December 29, 2011. However, there are areas along the proposed corridor where fragile soils and aquifer protection are concerns, as detailed below: NDEQ notes that the proposed corridor still crosses areas of fragile, sandy soils that are outside of the Sand Hills ecoregion but that have surface features very similar to the Sand Hills (Wind erodibility groups 1 and 2); Keystone should carefully consider route variations that will avoid these areas; Keystone should document why avoidance is not possible and describe for NDEQ the measures that it will take to minimize disturbance to these areas. Mapping of the proposed alignment that shows preliminary mileposts (MPs), construction See Appendices A and B of this SER. ROW, and additional temporary workspaces A table listing the additional temporary workspaces by preliminary MP and the reason why each Section 2.2.7.1 of the FEIS provide general configurations of the ATWA. Keystone has provided preliminary ATWA on is necessary the aerial mapping in Appendix A. A table indicating by preliminary MP where Keystone deviated from the corridor presented in See section 2.3 of this report the Reroute Report and the rationale for each deviation Preliminary locations and sizes of pipe storage yards, contractor yards, and railroad siding Locations of pipe storage yards, contractor yards, and railroad sidings have not been identified to date. General locations superimposed on USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle maps descriptions of yard size, placement and access are included in FEIS Section 2.2.7.2. C-12 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject F acilities F acilities F acilities F acilities C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments Preliminary locations of construction work camps, if any, and the associated infrastructure that would be required for operation of these camps A table indicating the land requirements for construction, including pipeline construction ROW, pipe storage yards, contractor yards, railroad sidings, and additional temporary work spaces Identification of existing roads used for construction access that would require modification, and what modifications are required Preliminary locations of pumping station facilities, including access roads, and power supplies Response One construction camp may be located in Nebraksa. Details on this camp are not developed at this time. See Table 2.1-1 of this report Access road list for Nebraska is under development. See 5.5.8 above. See also Section 2.1 of this SER. 7.1.5 7.1.6 7.1.7 7.1.8 7.1.9 7.1.10 7.1.11 7.1.12 7.2.1 7.2.2 F acilities F acilities F acilities F acilities Construction M ethods Construction M ethods Preliminary locations of new temporary and permanent access roads not associated with pumping stations, if any Preliminary locations of main line valves and in-line inspection facilities Approximate start and end points of construction spreads by preliminary MP Preliminary plan and profile drawings for each of the pumping stations illustrating noise attenuation and visual screening plans NDEQ requests that any changes to these methods pertaining to the Nebraska Reroute be !"#$%!&!#"'($"'"#)*+!,#"'!$'-#.)%/$#0)'1$2!+/$3#$%(4'5#6/+%'(4/$7'8!%9'($':6"(%#"' construction schedule Provide a table indicating those areas (by preliminary MP) that Keystone anticipates will be marked for special construction techniques, such as wetland crossings or steep terrain Access roads to pump stations are still under development. These are still under development. See Table 2.1-5 of this SER for spread configurations. These mileposts may be adjusted upon further analysis. See Figure 2.2.3-1 and 2.2.3-2 of the FEIS for typical pump station plot plans. Noise attentuation and visual screening will be developed, as needed, on a site-specific basis. The construction methods have not changed. The updated construction schedule has not been developed at this time. As part of the routing selection and refinement process, Keystone will attempt to avoid or minimize the crossing of areas requiring special construction techniques. After the route is determined, areas that were not avoided will be evaluated and the appropriate construction methods will be identified for these areas. Special construction methods are described in detail in the CMRP and the FEIS. A table of these locations will not be available until prior to construction. As indicated in the FEIS (Sections 2.3.2.2, 2.3.2.3, 2.3.3.3, 2.3.3.6, 2.3.4.1, 3.2.2.1, 3.4.4, 3.5.5.1, 3.5.5.2, 3.5.5.4, 3.9.1.3, Appendix A: FRM-1 and SOI-2) and the CMRP (Sections 2.13, 4.3, 4.15.2, 6.5, 6.5.1) these areas will have topsoil stripping. Construction M ethods 7.2.3 Construction M ethods Construction M ethods Construction M ethods 7.2.4 7.2.5 7.2.6 Confirm that Keystone will conserve topsoil in the following situations or provide environmental reasoning why topsoil will not be preserved: - Actively row-cropped agricultural fields - Non-active agricultural lands enrolled in CRP - Alfalfa fields, hayfields, orchards, tree farms, and silvicultural areas - Pasture, grassland, and prairie - Sand-Hills-like areas outside the defined Sand Hills area - Non-inundated wetlands and riparian areas - Prior to grading - Where necessary for weed control - Developed areas with lawn or landscaping - Where requested by landowner, tenant, or land-managing agency Provide a copy of each type of Construction Reclamation sheet Please see Appendix H of this SER. List waterbodies crossed by preliminary MP, including crossing method, waterbody type, water See Appendix F of this report. Construction methods will be determined prior to construction based on site-specific quality information, and whether the waterbody is fish-bearing. conditions at the time of construction. Provide preliminary site-specific crossing plans for perennial streams. Site-specific crossing plans for select perennial streams will be developed as part of the detailed engineering and design of the project once the final route is identified. Stream crossing methods are described in detail in the FEIS (Appendix D) and the CMRP. C-13 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject Construction M ethods C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments Indicate whether riparian topsoil will be conserved, as noted in the CMR Plan (which was !"#$%&'&(%)(*+,-.(/%)01(23,(0.(4!!')&%5(678(*'90%1(::8(09(011(.9"'0;(<"#..%)=.(#"(#)1>(09( drainages that have no flow at the time of the crossing. Provide environmental reasoning if topsoil will not be preserved above the Ordinary High Water Mark. Response Topsoil conservation includes stripping available topsoil up to 12 inches from areas that require grading or trenching and stockpiling it separately from subsoil until it can be replaced during cleanup and restoration. The FEIS (Sections 2.3.2.2, 2.3.2.3, 2.3.3.3, 2.3.3.6, 2.3.4.1, 3.2.2.1, 3.5.5.1) discusses topsoil stripping methods to be employed during construction of the pipeline. Areas above the ordinary high water mark are defined as "upland" areas and CMRP Section 4.3 discusses topsoil salvage methods in upland areas. Where grading or trenching is necessary in non-saturated riparian areas, available topsoil up to a maximum of 12 inches in depth will be stripped. AD'(/23,(.909'.(%)(,'<9%#)(NFOFNF:?(@AD'(9>!%<01(J1#K%)=(#!')((0)&("'&E<'.(9D'(0;#E)9(#J(9%;'(9D'(K09'"L#&>(%.(.ELI'<9'&(9#(<#).9"E<9%#)(&%.9E"L0)<'FG(,'<9%#).(RFNFNFS8( 3.3.2.2, 3.7.3.1, Consolidated Response WAT-1 of the FEIS and Section 7.4 of the CMRP discuss the proposed crossing methods in more detail. The open cut method is designed to limit the disturbance to the stream to a short (maximum 24 to 48 hours for minor and intermediate streams) during which the pipeline trench is excavated, the pipe lowered into the trench, the trench backfilled and the stream bottom and banks are restored and stabilized. The dam and pump and flume crossing methods require a longer period of disturbance within the stream. Short pulses of sediment load is not inconsistent with the natural variability of sediment load that is experienced in spring rains. The open cut method does not interrupt the water flow. 7.2.7 Construction M ethods 7.2.8 The following statement is found on the Keystone website in the Environmental Responsibility .'<9%#)?(@A"0).B0)0&0(%.(<#;;%99'&(9#(;%)%;%C%)=(%9.(')$%"#);')901(%;!0<9(01#)=(9D'(!"#!#.'&( "#E9'FG((H"#$%&'(IE.9%J%<09%#)(J#"(<"#..%)=(J1#K%)=(K09'"L#&%'.(L>(K'9M9"')!%<01(&"0K%)=(#J(0)(W**("%$'"(<"#..%)=F((39(.D#K.(@0<<'..(J#"(J"'.D(K09'"(<#11'<9%#)G(!09D.(#)( is finalized. '0(9D'(&'!9D(#J(<#$'"(9D09(K%11(L'(E.'&F((*+,-.(/%)01(23,8(4!!')&%5(X8(39';(:Y(%)&%<09'&( that 42 inches would be used at times. Other statements indicated that 48 inches would be the minimum in non-consolidated bedrock situations. Keystone will attempt to complete the HDD, including considering the feasibility of an alternative drill path. If a second drill is not feasible, Keystone will apply for the appropriate permits to allow an open cut. Keystone would construct the pipeline with the minimum depth of cover of 48 inches, except in areas of consolidated rock. The reference to 42 inches is applicable after construction, during the maintenance period, and references the requirement that Keystone maintain a minimum depth of cover of 48 inches in cultivated areas and a depth of 42 inches in all other areas (except in areas of consolidated rock). Section 2.3.2.3 of the FEIS provides an explanation of these requirements. See Section 3.8 of this report Construction M ethods Construction M ethods 7.2.11 7.2.12 Resources 7.3.1 Land use categories, including number of miles crossed, acres affected by construction, and acres affected by operation C-14 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject Resources C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments Location, by preliminary MP, of the following: - Churches, residences, schools, daycare facilities, and other high consequence areas within 500 feet of the construction ROW - Residences within 0.5 mile of HDD locations - Water supply wells within 500 feet of the construction ROW (to the extent such information is made available by Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services or from civil survey or landowner negotiations) - Springs that are used as a water source within 500 feet of the construction ROW - Wellhead protection areas, sole source aquifers, or other sensitive groundwater areas crossed - Major roadway and rail crossings Site-specific construction plans for residences within 50 feet of the construction ROW Water well plan describing methods to protect wells and monitor impacts, and a contingency plan in the event that a well is damaged or water quality is affected by the Project Response There are no springs or sole source aquifers found in agency databases along the preferred route. Sensitive groundwater resources are not a designated agency provided or legally defined resource. Water wells were provided for a distance of 100 feet from the ROW consistent with the FEIS. Remaining information is not available at this time or has been provided in the GIS files that accompanied the April 2012 report. 7.3.2 Resources Resources 7.3.3 7.3.4 At this time there are no residences within 50 feet of the ROW. Spill prevention and containment measures are described in Section 3.0 of the CMRP (Appendix L). Once the final route has been developed, well locations relative to the final route will be identified. Keystone will conduct baseline sampling prior to construction for water wells within 300 feet of the project centerline. Please see also 7.4.2.10 for how damages are addressed. See Section 3.8 of this report for those that are crossed. Sections 3.3.2.2, 3.7.3.1, 3.8.1.5 (page 3.8-45), 3.8.3.4, and Table 3.8.3-2 of the FEIS and Sections 8.2 and 8.4 of the CMRP include measures that Keystone will implement during surface water intakes for hydrostatic testing to prevent impacts to fish and to prevent erosion and scour during hydrostatic test water discharges. The pipe is cleaned and tested at the pipe mill prior to delivery to the Project. Once the pipeline has been welded together and lowered into the trench and backfilled, one or more cleaning pigs are run through the line to remove dust and debris that may have gotten into the line during the construction process. After cleaning the line, water is pumped into the line to fill it completely, followed by hydrostatically testing the pipeline, then releasing the water in a controlled manner at the permitted discharge point. No additives will be introduced into hydrostatic water. Sections 3.5.5.4 and 3.7.3.1 of the FEIS and Sections 2.13 and 8.3 of the CMRP include measures that Keystone will implement during construction to reduce the likelihood of spreading aquatic-borne invasive species. Hydrostatic test water intake and discharge locations will be determined prior to construction. As depicted in Section 2.3.1 of this report, Keystone has avoided to the extent practicable, fragile soil locations by incorporating the Northern alternative. When finalizing the routing across individual landowners, Keystone will continue to minimize steep topography with fragile soils. The FEIS (Section 3.2.2.1, Appendix A - ERO-1, Appendix H, and DR 4.3.1) and the CMRP (Section 4.15) addresses minimizing impacts during construction and subsequent reclamation of areas with highly erodible sandy soils. Keystone will implement micro-routing adjustments to avoid blow-outs and tops of hills, and will implement the BMPs outlined in these sections to stabilize and revegetate the ROW after construction. Resources Resources 7.3.5 7.3.6 Identification of recreation or special interest areas crossed or within 0.25 mile of construction ROW Preliminary hydrostatic test plan to include the following: - Each test water source - The specific discharge location for each intake - Measures that Keystone will implement to prevent intake or impingement of fish during intake, and to prevent erosion and scour during discharge - A description of how the pipeline is cleaned by the manufacturer and if any cleaning will take place in the field prior to hydrostatic testing - A description of any additives (such as antifreeze) that might be introduced into test water - Specific measures that Keystone will implement to prevent the spread of potential aquaticborne invasive species, to the Project and within the Project, via construction equipment, including pumps, hoses, piping, splash pups, and other water-conveyance equipment Keystone should clearly demonstrate the process for avoiding, minimizing or mitigating impacts in areas comprised of fragile soils or other features similar to the Sand Hills. Keystone should document the locations where variations have been made to the corridor submitted in its Reroute Report. Keystone should document why avoidance of these conditions is not possible and take every measure to minimize impacts and to monitor and continue to maintain reclamation areas until soil stability is returned to pre-construction conditions. These measures should be described in !"#$%&'"($)*'+,-&'."'%/0)1"2&-%3)) Sand-H ills-T ype Conditions 7.4.1.1 Sand-H ills-T ype Conditions 7.4.1.2 Sand-H ills-T ype Conditions 7.4.1.3 Keystone should describe the type and sourcing of seed mixes and soil amendments that will be The reclamation and post-construction procedures that would apply to fragile soils including the type and sourcing of seed applied annually to provide interim stabilization. Descriptions should include the frequency and mixes, soil amendments, frequency and methods of application, and the criteria that will be used to measure success are methods of application and the criteria that will be used to measure success. described in Sections 3.5.5.1 and 3.5.5.2 and Appendix H of the FEIS and Sections 4.15.3 and 4.15.4 of the CMRP (Appendix L of this SER). Such procedures would be developed in consultation with local soil conservation authorities. C-15 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject Sand-H ills-T ype Conditions C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments Response 7.4.1.4 Sand-H ills-T ype Conditions Sand-H ills-T ype Conditions Sand-H ills-T ype Conditions Sand-H ills-T ype Conditions G roundwater Q uality 7.4.1.5 7.4.1.6 7.4.1.7 7.4.1.8 7.4.2.9 7.4.2.10 7.4.2.11 7.4.3.12 7.4.4.13 7.4.4.14 G roundwater Q uality G roundwater Q uality Agricultural A reas C ultural Resources C ultural Resources Where the construction corridor crosses areas of native prairie, Keystone should describe seed Please see Appendix H of this SER. mixes that will restore native grasses and forbs. The description should include the frequency and method of application, the criteria that will be used to measure success, and the methods that will be used to capture native seeds from the disturbed area. The sandy soils, coupled with high groundwater tables, suggest that trench instability could be Please see 5.12.1 and 5.12.3 challenging. Keystone should describe the construction measures to be taken to ensure trench stability. Keystone should describe its plans to control access in sensitive areas and to train construction The FEIS (Section 3.2.2.1 and Appendix H) and the CMRP (Section 4.15.2) addresses educating workers and traffic personnel on the measures necessary to minimize impacts. control for areas with highly erodible sandy soils. Keystone should describe Best Management Practices that will be used for construction in the Keystone does not cross the Sandhills. See Appendix H and the CMRP (fragile soils). Sand Hills. Keystone should provide a fire management plan for construction in the Sand Hills. Keystone does not cross the Sand Hills. The BLM fire management protocol developed for the proposed Project for federal lands in Montana and South Dakota will be used in areas with highly erodible sandy soils. This information is located in the FEIS in Section 3.5.5.5 and the CMRP in Section 2.16. Keystone should carefully consider route alterations that will avoid these thin, unconfined Keystone has developed alternatives (see Section 2.3 of this SER) that avoid fragile soils and shallow aquifers. Complete aquifers. Keystone should also document and describe these considerations for NDEQ. Where avoidance of either feature is not possible. avoidance is not possible, Keystone should document why avoidance is not possible. Where avoidance is not possible, Keystone should describe in its Environmental Report the Sections 3.3.2.1 and 3.13 of the FEIS and Sections 2.14, 3.0, 4.5, 4.11, 6, 7, and 8 of the CMRP include measures that measures it intends to use during and after construction to minimize impacts on groundwater Keystone will implement to minimize impacts on groundwater resources in the vicinity of the pipeline during and after supplies for human and livestock consumption. construction. Keystone should describe the measures it intends to protect the Clarks Wellhead Protection Keystone does not cross this well head protection area. Further, Keystone has developed the Clarks alternative to be Area. downgradient of the Clarks WHPA. Keystone should describe measures it will implement to mitigate impacts on agricultural See previous responses in 5.16.1 through 15.17.3 of this DR. facilities specific to Nebraska, including windbreaks, irrigation systems, electrical power, and drain tile. should provide a plan for the unanticipated discovery of cultural and paleontological See Appendix J for cultural resources Unanticipated Discovery Plan. Keystone resources during construction. Keystone should also indicate whether it intends to provide tribal monitors when construction The Programmatic Agreement (PA) and the Tribal Monitoring Plan (a confidential attachment to the PA) discuss tribal occurs on traditional tribal lands. monitoring procedures for sites of religious and/or cultural significance. A similar approach will be implemented for tribal monitoring during construction in Nebraska. The CMRP references compliance with the PA in Section 2.19. C-16 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject Spills C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments Response Keystone addressed this in DOS DR 10.3 on June 14 2011: In accordance with 49 CFR 195.420 Valve Maintenance, at intervals not exceeding 7! months but at least twice per calendar year, Keystone is required to inspect valves to determine that they are functioning properly. The Keystone !"#$%&'("#)*#(+&)(,-./0%&'1'#*+/%&'(2"(3#"2*42(+&)(5+%&2+%&(20*(6+-6*7/(%&2*'#%289(:&/3*42%"&(#*4"#)/(+#*()"4.5*&2*)(%&(20*(;#+&/<+&+)+(,+4%-%28(5+%&2*&+&4*(/8/2*59(=+#%"./(5+%&2*&+&4*(+42%6%2%*/(/.40(+/(#*+)%&'(",(#*42%,%*#/>(2#+&/5%22*#(40*4$/(+&)(6+-6*(5+%&2*&+&4*(+#*(/40*).-*)("&( independent inspection schedules cycles and cannot be combined. The following is a summary of all inspections conducted, many of those related to the PHMSA Special Conditions, which for the most part exceed current federal regulations and would allow for an inspection frequency exceeding that of any other typical domestic oil pipeline in operation: ! Activity Frequency Value to leak detection PHMSA Special Condition 15: Keystone shall perform baseline DCVG 2.5 years and 5 years after operating above 120F At year 2.5 and year 5 after operating above 120F Ground crew will walk the pipeline in the discrete area at that specific time PHMSA Special Condition 15: coating surveys with DCVG and ACVG When operating above 120F and up to 150F. Monitor coating performance with survey as needed Ground crew will walk the pipeline in the discrete area at that specific time PHMSA Special Condition 19: Keystone must perform depth of cover study and replace cover as soon as practicable not to exceed 6 months If possible loss of cover is observed by routine air or ground patrol as necessary Ground crew will walk the pipeline in the discrete area at that specific time PHMSA Special Condition 19: Keystone must as frequently as practicable not to exceed once every 10 years perform detailed depth of cover survey along entire pipeline Once every 10 years Ground crew will walk the pipeline PHMSA Special Condition 34: Keystone must run cleaning pig twice in the first year 2 times in year one of operations Pigging crew will be present at each station equipped with traps PHMSA Special Condition 34: Keystone must at minimum following the first year run cleaning pigs once a year with interval not to exceed 15 months Every 15 months after year 1 Pigging crew will be present at each station equipped with traps PHMSA Special Condition 38: Close Interval Survey to be performed within in one year of pipeline in service Within 1 year Ground crew will walk the pipeline PHMSA Special Condition 39: DCVG or ACVG survey within 6 months of in service to verify pipe coating Once at month six Ground crew will walk the pipeline PHMSA Special Condition 40: Keystone must replace removed or damage line of sight markers If aerial patrol cannot consistently identify areas with missing or damaged markers Keystone must conduct ground patrol on a calendar year basis, not to exceed 15months Not to exceed 15 months if aerial patrol can not consistently identify areas with damaged or missing signage Ground crew will walk the pipeline PHMSA Special Condition 41: patrol ROW not exceeding three weeks but at least 26 times per year Not exceeding three weeks but at least 26 times per year Aerial patrol will perform surveillance PHMSA Special Condition 42: Initial ILI Within 3 years of in service Pigging crew will be present at each station equipped with traps Tracking crews will track smart tool at various locations along ROW PHMSA Special Condition 44: Future ILI Frequency consistent with 49 CFR 195.452(j)(3) or as determined by Keystone fatigue study CIS conducted not to exceed 68 months Pigging crew will be present at each station equipped with traps Tracking crews will track smart tool at various locations along ROW Ground crew will walk the pipeline PHMSA Special Condition 47: Direct Assessment for headers, mainline valve bypass or any other unpiggable sections Frequency as determined by Direct Assessment plan and IMP Crew would conduct inspection at stations 49 CFR 195.420 Valve Maintenance, Keystone is required to at intervals not exceeding 7 ! months but at least twice per calendar year; inspect valves to determine they are functioning properly. Not to exceed 7! months but at least twice per year Technician would conduct inspection at mainline valve and stations Keystone IMP: rectifier readings Monthly at pump station Technician would take readings at stations Keystone IMP: test lead survey Once per year Technician would take readings at test lead locations located along the pipeline Keystone IMP: verification of aerial patrol finding As required Technician would investigate discrete location identified by aerial patrol Keystone IMP: transmitter and electronics check Monthly Technician would verify working order of transmitters at mainline valves and pump stations 7.4.5.15 Details regarding frequency and types of inspections to monitor pipeline integrity and conditions operating procedures are followed for this activity at the pump stations and mainline valve sites. Inspection consists of a visual check, valve position and stroking validation from the valve site back to the Operational Control Center to confirm mechanical functionality and communication are in Spills 7.4.5.16 7.4.5.17 Spills Spill risk assessment, including a worst case spill scenario (for example, the likely maximum volume of material that would be spilled and the distance it would spread on the surface and in the subsurface) and cleanup measures Description of the impacts (such as toxicity, difficulty in cleanup, and persistence in the environment) of a dilbit or synthetic crude spill compared to a spill of crude oil from sources other than oil sands A Risk Assessment was prepared for the original Keystone XL Project. As required by the FEIS for that project, DOS, EPA, and PHMSA are conducting a further review of that risk assessment in conjunction with independent expert consultants. That review is expected to be completed later this year. Crude oils transported by the Keystone XL Pipeline would include crude oils from US and Canadian sources. The physical and chemical properties of these crude oils are similar to other light and heavy crude oils derived from other sources, such as California, Venezuela, Mexico, and Russia. Consequently, fate, transport, and environmental persistence are comparable to other crude oils. There are no physical or chemcial properties that are unique to Canadian crude oils. See also response to 5.10.1 above. See Appendix N of this SER. Spills 7.4.5.18 7.4.5.19 7.4.5.20 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for the materials to be transported through the pipeline, including diluents Spills Spills ?*8/2"&*7/(#*4"#)(,"#(4"&/2#.42%"&(5%2%'+2%"&>(*&6%#"&5*&2+-(4"53-%+&4*>(+&)(%&4%)*&2(#*3"#2%&'( Keystone is in compliance with all construction mitigation, environmental compliance and incident reporting requirements on the existing Keystone Oil Pipeline in eastern Nebraska for the Keystone Oil pipeline in eastern Nebraska. Description of a spill response plan to include staging areas and how Keystone will interface Keystone will extend its current ERP for the Keystone pipeline to include the Keystone XL system (FEIS 3.13-61 to 3.13with Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) and local first-responders. 64). Keystone has committed to consult and communicate with LEPCs and other emergency service agencies during ERP development to ensure emergency response plans are aligned (FEIS 3.13-64). During an emergency, Keystone would form a Unified Command with local first responders and liaise with all impacted community stakeholders including the LEPCs. These agencies may be engaged via the municipal or Keystone EOCs or at the Incident Command Post as appropriate. C-17 N D E Q F eedback Report Subject E nvironmental Monitoring C hapter / section Q uestion/Comments Response 7.4.6.1 !"#$%&'"($)*'+,-&'."'%/0)1"2&-%)$3&405),'6045")/)2-"0,.,'/-#)20/')7&-).&',%&-,'8)%3")6&--,5&-) The FEIS (Sections 2.3.2.9, 2.3.3.6, 2.4.1, 3.2.2.1, 3.5.5.2, Appendix A - ERO-1, DR 4.3.1, Appendix H) and the CMRP following construction. 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"$D.1!-,+"-,/.!2-M"E+/-.+$( A"E1H.:]!!4PL^!&)F& R(&"F F-3: Impaired Waterbodies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vailable Water Well Data Within One Mile of Preferred Alternative Route Centerline F-5: Wetlands Along the Project Route by Mi|ePost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ransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute August 31, 2012 !""#$%&'() *+,-#(./0$1#(2&1,3#4 PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ? ! 657.9 MP 658 ! Nebraska Holt County SEC 24 T 30N R 12W RV -10 34 ! 658.1 SEC 23 T 30N R 12W ! 658.2 658.3 658.4 ! ! ! 0 0.0425 0.085 0.17 Miles Copyright:(C) 2011 National Geographic Society, i-cubed VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND ROUTE VARIATION APRIL ROUTE ALTERNATIVE FEIS ROUTE STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY SECTION LINE URBAN AREA INTERSTATE US OR STATE HIGHWAY COUNTY ROAD LOCAL OR RURAL ROAD RAILROAD WATERBODY WELLHEAD PROT. AREA FEDERAL LANDS FOREST SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BUR. OF LAND MANAGEMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS KEYSTONE XL PROJECT ROUTE VARIATION 1034 CENTERLINE COMPARISON PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ? SEC 19 T 30N R 11W SEC 20 T 30N R 11W ! MP 659 MP RV-1035 ! 660 Nebraska Holt County 281 ? ? SEC 25 T 30N R 12W SEC 30 T 30N R 11W SEC 29 T 30N R 11W MP 661 ! Blackbird Cr eek SEC 31 T 30N R 11W 0 0.15 0.3 0.6 Miles SEC 32 T 30N R 11W Copyright:(C) 2011 National Geographic Society, i-cubed VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND ROUTE VARIATION APRIL ROUTE ALTERNATIVE FEIS ROUTE STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY SECTION LINE URBAN AREA INTERSTATE US OR STATE HIGHWAY COUNTY ROAD LOCAL OR RURAL ROAD RAILROAD WATERBODY WELLHEAD PROT. AREA FEDERAL LANDS FOREST SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BUR. OF LAND MANAGEMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS KEYSTONE XL PROJECT ROUTE VARIATION 1035 CENTERLINE COMPARISON PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ? SEC 28 T 30N R 11W SEC 27 T 30N R 11W SEC 26 T 30N R 11W ! MP 662 6 03 -1 RV Holt County ! MP 663 Nebraska Red bir Cree d k SEC 33 T 30N R 11W SEC 34 T 30N R 11W SEC 35 T 30N R 11W ! SEC 4 T 29N R 11W 0 0.15 0.3 0.6 Miles SEC 3 T 29N R 11W SEC 2 T 29N R 11W Copyright:(C) 2011 National Geographic Society, i-cubed VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND ROUTE VARIATION APRIL ROUTE ALTERNATIVE FEIS ROUTE STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY SECTION LINE URBAN AREA INTERSTATE US OR STATE HIGHWAY COUNTY ROAD LOCAL OR RURAL ROAD RAILROAD WATERBODY WELLHEAD PROT. AREA FEDERAL LANDS FOREST SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BUR. OF LAND MANAGEMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS KEYSTONE XL PROJECT ROUTE VARIATION 1036 CENTERLINE COMPARISON PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ? SEC 1 T 29N R 11W SEC 6 T 29N R 10W SEC 5 T 29N R 10W Nebraska MP 666 Holt County ! SEC 12 T 29N R 11W SEC 7 T 29N R 10W ! SEC 8 T 29N R 10W 37 -10 RV MP 667 SEC 13 T 29N R 11W 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 Miles SEC 18 T 29N R 10W SEC 17 T 29N R 10W Copyright:(C) 2011 National Geographic Society, i-cubed VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND ROUTE VARIATION APRIL ROUTE ALTERNATIVE FEIS ROUTE STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY SECTION LINE URBAN AREA INTERSTATE US OR STATE HIGHWAY COUNTY ROAD LOCAL OR RURAL ROAD RAILROAD WATERBODY WELLHEAD PROT. AREA FEDERAL LANDS FOREST SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BUR. OF LAND MANAGEMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS KEYSTONE XL PROJECT ROUTE VARIATION 1037 CENTERLINE COMPARISON ! PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ! ? MP 740 SEC 20 T 20N R 5W ! 740.1 ! 740.2 ! 740.3 ! 740.4 ! 740.5 Vo rh Boone County ee sC RV-1038 ree k Nebraska SEC 29 T 20N R 5W ! 740.6 ! 740.7 ! 740.8 SEC 30 T 20N R 5W ! 740.9 ! MP 741 0 0.075 0.15 0.3 Miles ! 741.1 Copyright:(C) 2011 National Geographic Society, i-cubed VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND ROUTE VARIATION APRIL ROUTE ALTERNATIVE FEIS ROUTE STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY SECTION LINE URBAN AREA INTERSTATE US OR STATE HIGHWAY COUNTY ROAD LOCAL OR RURAL ROAD RAILROAD WATERBODY WELLHEAD PROT. AREA FEDERAL LANDS ! FOREST SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BUR. OF LAND MANAGEMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS KEYSTONE XL PROJECT ROUTE VARIATION 1038 CENTERLINE COMPARISON ! PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. SEC 18 T 19N R 5W SEC 17 T 19N R 5W ! 745.3 SEC 16 T 19N R 5W Bea Cre ver ek ? ! 745.4 745.5 ! 745.6 ! 745.7 ! SEC 20 T 19N R 5W ! 745.8 ! 745.9 SEC 21 T 19N R 5W SEC 19 T 19N R 5W Nebraska ! MP 746 ! 746.1 RV103 9 ! Boone County 746.2 " ! 39 ! 746.3 ! 746.4 ! 746.5 ! 746.6 ! 746.7 SEC 29 T 19N R 5W 746.8 SEC 28 T 19N R 5W SEC 30 T 19N R 5W ! ! 746.9 0 0.1 0.2 0.4 Miles ! MP 747 Copyright:(C) 2011 National Geographic Society, i-cubed ! VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND ROUTE VARIATION APRIL ROUTE ALTERNATIVE FEIS ROUTE STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY SECTION LINE URBAN AREA INTERSTATE US OR STATE HIGHWAY COUNTY ROAD LOCAL OR RURAL ROAD RAILROAD WATERBODY WELLHEAD PROT. AREA FEDERAL LANDS FOREST SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BUR. OF LAND MANAGEMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS KEYSTONE XL PROJECT ROUTE VARIATION 1039 CENTERLINE COMPARISON PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ! 749.9 ? MP 750 ! SEC 8 T 18N R 5W 750.1 ! SEC 9 T 18N R 5W 750.2 ! ! 750.3 Boone County ! 750.4 RV-1040 ! Nebraska 750.5 ! 750.6 750.7 ! SEC 17 T 18N R 5W SEC 18 T 18N R 5W 750.8 ! 750.9 ! ! MP 751 Copyright:(C) 2011 National Geographic Society, i-cubed 0 0.075 0.15 0.3 Miles VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND ROUTE VARIATION APRIL ROUTE ALTERNATIVE FEIS ROUTE STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY SECTION LINE URBAN AREA INTERSTATE COUNTY ROAD LOCAL OR RURAL ROAD RAILROAD WATERBODY WELLHEAD PROT. AREA ! KEYSTONE XL PROJECT FEDERAL LANDS FOREST SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BUR. OF LAND MANAGEMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS US OR STATE HIGHWAY ROUTE VARIATION 1040 CENTERLINE COMPARISON ! PREPARED BY exp Energy Services Inc. ! 873.2 ? ! 873.3 ! 873.4 ! 873.5 SEC 9 T 1N R 4E SEC 8 T 1N R 4E 873.6 ! SEC 7 T 1N R 4E 873.7 ! 873.8 ! Jefferson County RV-1043 873.9 ! 706Th 577Th 578Th Nebraska MP 874 ! ! 874.1 874.2 ! SEC 16 T 1N R 4E SEC 17 T 1N R 4E ! 874.3 SEC 18 T 1N R 4E ! 874.4 ! 874.5 0 0.075 0.15 0.3 Miles ! 874.6 Copyright:(C) 2011 National Geographic Society, i-cubed VICINITY MAP ? LEGEND ROUTE VARIATION APRIL ROUTE ALTERNATIVE FEIS ROUTE STATE BOUNDARY COUNTY BOUNDARY SECTION LINE URBAN AREA INTERSTATE ! KEYSTONE XL PROJECT FEDERAL LANDS FOREST SERVICE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BUR. OF LAND MANAGEMENT FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS US OR STATE HIGHWAY COUNTY ROAD LOCAL OR RURAL ROAD RAILROAD WATERBODY WELLHEAD PROT. AREA ROUTE VARIATION 1043 CENTERLINE COMPARISON TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute August 31, 2012 !""#$%&'() *+'&+,-(.##%- TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project Supplemental Environmental Report for the Nebraska Reroute Draft Final August 31, 2012 ! ! Appendix G-1 Federal, State, and County Noxious Weeds Potentially Occurring along the Preferred Project Route1 State Designations1 Species2! Status / Habitat! MT! %&'()*&(+!,-.++/&0!10&23**(4!! 5Acroptilon [Centaurea] repens6! B*++*'! ,C9DD904! 5Arctium minus6! %9&'I! 5Berteroa incana6! C)*&8H'&++! 5Bromus tectorum6! F=93*'/0H! 5Butomus umbellatus6! A)/8*892!,%9&'I!:'*++4!! 5Cardaria draba6! L=.D*=*++! 5Carduus acanthoides6! N.+1! 5Carduus nutans6! O/PP.+*! 5Centaurea diffusa6! Q*==93! 5Centaurea solstitialis6! R2988*(! 5Centaurea stoebe ,maculosa46! -.+)! 5Chondrilla juncea6! M&==! 5Cirsium altissimum6! ,A)/8*4! 8)/+8=* 708'9(.:*(!;!<2=&0( 8)/+8=* 708'9(.:*(!;!<2=&0( 10&23**( 708'9(.:*(!;!<2=&0( +8&'#8)/+8=* 708'9(.:*(!;!<2=&0( 10&23**( 708'9(.:*(!;!<2=&0( +1*=*8903**( 708'9(.:*(!;!<2=&0( 8)/+8=* '.+) 708'9(.:*(!;!A*8=&0( 708'9(.:*(!;!<2=&0( 708'9(.:*(!;!<2=&0( E.'(9:1 708'9(.:*(!;!<2=&0( &=I++.D 708'9(.:*(!;!<2=&0( 708'9(.:*(!;!<2=&0( !!!!!!!!!!!!!! >?! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! BA!#!F&==90! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! >J! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! K! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! $?! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! >?! Keystone XL Pipeline Segment! SD! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! @A! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! BA!#!?.88*G%&'(/0H! !! !!! NE! !! !!! !! !!! !!! !!! !!!!!!!!!! @A! !!!!!!!!!! @A! !!! @A! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! @A! BA!#! ?.88*G%&'(/0HGBID&0GM'/22! BA!#! ?.88*G%&'(/0HGBID&0GM'/22! BA!#!M'/22! !! !!! !!! >?! $J! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! >?! $?! !! !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! BA!#!L*00/0H890GM'/22! !! !! !!! !!!!!!!!!! @A! !! !!!!!!!!!! BA!#! F/==D9'*! @&8/S*;!<2=&0(! "#$! ! TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project Supplemental Environmental Report for the Nebraska Reroute Draft Final August 31, 2012 ! Appendix G-1 Federal, State, and County Noxious Weeds Potentially Occurring along the Preferred Project Route1 State Designations1 Species2! Status / Habitat! MT! %&'&(&! /Cirsium arvense0! <-3(=&'! /Cirsium flodmanii0! :4--! /Cirsium vulgare0! C3+,3'!*.=-35B! /Conium maculatum0! <+.-(! /Convolvulus arvensis0! Common (Crupina vulgaris)! Dodder (Cuscuta spp.)! "F9,FG-3E.2!HI34'(,)3'J4.K!! /Cynoglossum officinale0! M53)5*! /Cytisus scoparius0! %3==3'!>+9.2O,!D4J-3,,!H:-4.E..(K!! /Echium vulgare0! A4,,+&'! /Elaeagnus angustifolia0! ?.&GF! /Euphorbia esula0! :&DFR,! /Gypsophila paniculata0! 3-+>.! 1')23(45.(!6!89-&'( ,942J. 1')23(45.(!6!89-&'( D2.&)* 1')23(45.(!6!89-&'( D233= 1')23(45.(!6!89-&'( 1')23(45.(!6!89-&'( D+'(E..( 1')23(45.(!6!89-&'( crupina 1')23(45.(!6!89-&'( 1')23(45.(!&'(!;&)+>.!6!89-&'( 1')23(45.(!6!89-&'( )*+,)-. )*+,)-. !! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ?7!#!@2+99! 1')23(45.(! 6! 7.)-&'(! &'( 89-&'( !!!!!!!!!!!!!! $:! Keystone XL Pipeline Segment! SD! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ;7! NE! !!!!!!!!!! ;7! !!!!!!!!!! ?7!#! <+--=32.! ?7!#! A35B! ;&)+>.6!89-&'(! )*+,)-. 1')23(45.(!6!89-&'( 1')23(45.(! 6! 7.)-&'(! &'(! 89-&'( !!! ?7!#!<&--3'! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! $:! !!! !!! !!! !!! !! !!! !!! !! !! !!! !!! ;7! !!! !!! !! !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! $:! ?7!#!I&2(+'JLC.''+'J)3'! N:! $P! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! Q! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! $:! !!!!!!!!!! !!! ?7!#!S&--.F! !! !! !!! !!! ;7! !!! !! "#$! ! TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project Supplemental Environmental Report for the Nebraska Reroute Draft Final August 31, 2012 ! Appendix G-1 Federal, State, and County Noxious Weeds Potentially Occurring along the Preferred Project Route1 State Designations1 Species2! Status / Habitat! MT! %&'()*! /Hieracium aurantiacum0! <*'.3,! /Hieracium spp.0! ?@.&A99'! /Hydrilla verticillata0! C3==3(! D2E! /Hypericum perforatum0! I'9*@*993,!A&AG!JK*993,!L9')!A&AGM!! /Iris pseudacorus0! N@*&OG! /Isatis tinctoria0! H&3'.9*'Q*.! /Lepidium latifolium0! %>*@*! /Leucanthemum leucanthemum]0! N'9='2A'(! /Linaria dalmatica0! JI*&*((A'9M! ,3'. 1(2&3.45*.!6!789'(. 8*88*&,**. 1(2&3.45*.!6!789'(. vulgare .'AG@ [Chrysanthemum 1(2&3.45*.!6!789'(. 23'.L9'> 1(2&3.45*.!6!789'(. 1(2&3.45*.!6!789'(. 1(2&3.45*.!6!B*29'(. ,'2*&=A9L3A9 1(2&3.45*.!6!;U4'2A5 53223(2+AG29* 1(2&3.45*.!6!789'(. F3+(G,3&2 1(2&3.45*.!6!789'(. 1(2&3.45*.! B*29'(. 6! 789'(.! '(.! +',-,**.! +',-,**. 1(2&3.45*.!6!789'(. 53=89*> 1(2&3.45*.!6!789'(. 1(2&3.45*.!6!B*29'(.! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! :;! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! :;! $! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! :H! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! :;! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! PH! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! :;! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! :H! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! :H! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! :H! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! PH! PH! Keystone XL Pipeline Segment! SD! NE! !!! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! RB!#!<*'.*! !! !! !! !!! !! !! !! !! !! !!! !!!!!!!!!! SB! H422*&'(.*))G!JK*993,!23'.L9'>M!! /Linaria vulgaris0! I4&89*!933G*G2&AL*! /Lythrum salicaria0! T4&'GA'(! /D8A-*0! /Myriophyllum spicatum0! D5325+! /Onopordum acanthium0! !!! SB! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !! !!! !! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! RB!#!H422*V?'&.A()! "#$! ! TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project Supplemental Environmental Report for the Nebraska Reroute Draft Final August 31, 2012 ! Appendix G-1 Federal, State, and County Noxious Weeds Potentially Occurring along the Preferred Project Route1 State Designations1 Species2! Status / Habitat! MT! %&''&(! ,Phragmites australis-! )**+ ./012*!3!4*05/(+ /(+! Keystone XL Pipeline Segment! SD! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 64!#!7800*9!:*/+*! NE! !!!!!!!!!! .4! !!!!!!!!!! .4! !! !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! H7! H7! N7! NJ! NJ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! 64!#!Q/55&(! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! N7! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! N7! ;/(&0?**+! @&'<5*A! B%)1'=&(! C*/80DE! ,Polygonum cuspidatum, P. polystachyum, P. F(0)&+8@*+! 3! G<5/(+! sachalinense-! ?*05/(+= %8)5D5*/I! <&(+?**+ ,Potamogeton crispus-! F(0)&+8@*+!3!JK8/01@! L85!BL/50@*+/)E!! ,Tamarix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ransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute August 31, 2012 !""#$%&'() *#+,-.$#(/.$,-012-&.$34#25676-&.$(856$,(6$%( 9.217#$-6-&.$ H.1: Construction/Reclamation (Con/Rec) Units TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project Supplemental Environmental Report for the Nebraska Reroute Draft Final August 31, 2012 Construction/Reclamation (Con/Rec) Units Cropland Farmed cropland includes areas of agricultural production that are tilled either annually or occasionally. Agricultural products include wheat, corn, milo, oats, soybeans, and alfalfa. Cropland occurs on all spreads throughout the Keystone XL Project. Primary areas include central Montana, central and southern South Dakota, and southern Nebraska. Based on these descriptions construction recommendations and reclamation recommendations were developed. Conservation Reserve Program Lands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) under contract with the USDA Farm Service Agency. Landowners convert erodible or environmentally sensitive acreage to native grasses or introduced grasses and forbs, wildlife plantings, trees, or riparian buffers per the terms of a multiyear contract. The unit locations are scattered throughout the project. Refer to Alignment Sheets and/or Keystone field verification for specific locations. Forest Forest areas are dominated by native and introduced trees. Typical species include green ash, boxelder, plains cottonwood, elm, oak, mulberry, and eastern red cedar. In northern areas this unit is primarily located on floodplains, in deep draws, and on steeper slopes. In southern areas of the project the unit may also occur on flat topography and along roads and fencelines. Improved Pasture and Hayland Improved pastures and haylands are managed grasslands that have typically been planted with grasses for livestock forage or hay production. Improved pastures and haylands are often dominated by crested wheatgrass, smooth brome and legumes in various combinations, or seeded native tall grasses, depending on Project location. Improved pastures and haylands occur on all spreads throughout the Keystone XL Project area. Mixed Grasslands Mixed grasslands are dominated by native perennial grasses such as western wheatgrass, needle-and-thread, blue grama, Sandberg bluegrass, prairie junegrass, little bluestem, prairie sandreed, green needlegrass and bluebunch wheatgrass. Mixed grasslands are dominated by native perennial grasses such as western wheatgrass, needle-and-thread, blue grama, Sandberg bluegrass, prairie junegrass, little bluestem, prairie sandreed, green needlegrass and bluebunch wheatgrass. Riparian Riparian woodlands include forested and shrub dominated areas around streams and rivers. Common trees and shrubs include plains cottonwood, green ash, box elder, Russian olive, !"#$%"&'()**+(,'-++$.!'&+!/,'!#+(%/&&0,'"#$'!)*1/&'!"2/%rush. Herbaceous under stories are often dominated by Kentucky bluegrass, western wheatgrass, and redtop. Primarily located on floodplains and terraces along streams and rivers, this Con/Rec Unit is relatively limited on the Keystone XL Project. H.1-1 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project Supplemental Environmental Report for the Nebraska Reroute Draft Final August 31, 2012 Shelterbelt Planted tree and shrub shelterbelts and windbreaks. Common northern species are: plains cottonwood, Chinese elm, American elm, Austrian pine, Siberian peashrub, and lilac. Common southern species are: Osage orange, eastern red cedar, locust, and hawthorne. Typically located at field margins, near roadsides, or around residences. Refer to Alignment Sheets and/or Keystone field verification for specific locations. Sandy Prairie Native prairie on sandy soils dominated primarily by warm- season grasses such as little bluestem, sand bluestem, prairie sandreed, and switchgrass. Topography is typically flat to gently rolling. The Sandy Prairie unit occurs in southern South Dakota and northern Nebraska. The unit is interspersed with hay meadows and crop land. Tall Grasslands Tall grasslands are dominated by tall warm-season grass species including big bluestem, switchgrass, Indiangrass, and little bluestem, and shorter warm season grasses such as blue grama and sideoats grama. Tall grasslands occur in southern South Dakota and throughout Nebraska in areas that are not farmed or a part of the Sandy Prairies. Many of the grass species within the Con/Rec Unit are the same as those occurring within the Sandy Prairies and subirrrigate prairie Con/Rec Units, but topography, soil type, and hydrology differ between those types and this unit. Subirrigated Pasture The Subirrigated Pasture type includes subirrigated plains and hay meadows. Soils are typically fine sands, with narrow clay bands in some areas. Topography is typically flat. The water table within this Con/Rec Unit is often within six feet of the surface. Native grasses include big bluestem, switchgrass, and little bluestem; introduced grasses include timothy, orchardgrass, and Kentucky bluegrass . Wetlands may occur adjacent to, but not part of, this Con/Rec Unit. Subirrigated Pastures occur in southern South Dakota and portions of Nebraska, primarily in Tripp, Keya Paha, Rock, Holt, Antelope, and Nance counties. Reclamation of Contractor Camps, Pipeyards, and Contractor Yards Contractor camps, contractor yards, pipe storage yards, staging areas, and other temporary facilities. Several yards and facilities are associated with each construction Spread. Refer to project maps for exact location. Con/Rec units and their descriptions are not tied to either the land use categories or vegetation cover described elsewhere in this SER. They are not intended to replace either, but is a tool to provide the construction contractor with specific measures to implement for the land uses/vegetative cover encountered along the route. The surveys and results for the FEIS route with surveys for the new route will be conducted prior to construction. H.1-2 7".%! "#$$%&!'(()! ! "#$$%&!'((A! ! J,00!'((A! ! K.-/%&!'((A! ! "#$$%&!'(Q(! ! "#$$%&!'(Q(! ! "#$$%&!'(QQ! ! 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L-3.B'!&3+D3B'!('/6-!*.!23.(-*++&!=)0E!8P34'1,'3P564',7'(89:7;*71'&<**1&2! @4! 2/'A*=M!E366*.B!0.!&+0/'&!^Q9_!*.!23.(-*++&4!!`'!1'+*'D'!6-*&!*&!3+)'3(M!(0.'! 176!,*++!A-'AR!+3.B73B'!*.!5I;!W4! Q4! L0.=*)E!6-')'!*&!.0!Y:ZPL`!*.!J'1)3&R3!V(0.'X4! ! K'A0)('(!1M$! !;*&3!;3)&'.>!a0-.!S'3D')>!`\2I\LZ! ! 2 H.3-9 From: To: Cc: Subject: Date: Attachments: Lisa Larsen "Kucera, Michael - Lincoln, NE" "John Beaver"; Jonathan.Minton@trow.com; jennifer.collins@trow.com; Jon.Schmidt@trow.com Keystone XL Project Reclamation Tuesday, July 20, 2010 1:21:54 PM NEB ConRec revisions.pdf ! "#$$%!&'(#) ! *%+,!-#./#0!.,1!2!/#03!456+!.770#6'.8#1!4##8',9!:'8+!3%5;!<.,!=+508$'>>!.,1!?.4!@%#06+!%,!*5,# AB!8%!1'C65CC!8+#!D#3C8%,#!E@!F0%G#68H!2!+./#!.88.6+#1!0#/'C#1!?IJKLM?!5,'8C!C+%:',9!6+.,9#C 4.1#!',!0#C7%,C#!8%!3%50!>##1N.6(!',!80.6(!6+.,9#!4%1#!8%!>.6'$'8.8#!3%50!0#/'#:H ! 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Martha_Tacha@fws.gov; mike.fritz@nebraska.gov; gerry.steinauer@nebraska.gov; GibsonKN@state.gov; "dwedin1@unl.edu"; "jvolesky1@unl.edu"; Vickers, Shaun - NRCS, Lincoln, NE Jon Schmidt; Stephen Craycroft; John Beaver Final seed mix meeting minutes from 9-22-11 Monday, October 31, 2011 1:55:28 PM KXL Phase IV USFWS NGPC NRCS Sandhills Seed Mix Meeting 10-31-11 (FINAL).doc !""# $ %&'()$*+,$-+.$*+,.$/(0,1$'(2$1/34$/($-/('"/5/(6$1&4$7442$3/847$/($1&4$7'(2$&/""7$.46/+($+-$94:.'7)';$ %&4$-/('"$3441/(6$3/(,147$;?=@AB!!-!!(7!8BC:@BC!-!!D7!89:;;?=@>C B9AA!-'4*!E+F!G,$H6I!3*)!@AA J'K4*'#I!L)M+4!99AN= O3P ! exp.com | legal disclaimer ! $ H.3-16 KXL Phase IV ( ) USFWS, NGPC, and NRCS Meeting - Grand Island USFWS Office 9/22/11 Attendees: Martha Tacha (USFWS), Mike Fritz (NGPC), Gerry Steinauer (NGPC), David Wedin (UNL), Jerry Volesky (UNL), Mike Kucera (NRCS), John Beaver (Keystone/Westech), and Jonathan Minton (Keystone/exp) On the Phone: Nicole Gibson (DOS) and Steve Craycroft (Keystone) Meeting Objectives The purpose of the meeting was to review the seed mix that had been developed for the sand hills region of Nebraska and come to final seed mix approved by NGPC, USFWS, and NRCS. Issues / Comments ! Keystone presented the seed mix that had been developed through multiple agency consultations. There was a significant discussion on sand hills species and sub-irrigated fields species as well as use of cultivars. Keystone then presented the Sandhills and Marsh Plains con/rec units and seed mixes. Keystone presented information on availability of locally collected native seed and discussed the seed rates necessary to ensure reclamation success. It was agreed within the meeting that cultivars were appropriate but that preference would be given to cultivars developed in Nebraska or adjacent states. Mike Kucera provided NRCS information on cultivars and seeding rates (after the meeting he emailed a seed mix calculator utilized by NRCS for Keystone to use). 1:00 PM - 3:00 PM ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! H.3-17 ! The following native grasses and cultivars were identified during the meeting and agreed to as most appropriate for use in the Sandhills. Most of these species were present in the original Sandhills seed mix, however, the cultivars were prioritized during the meeting and seed rates were adjusted by using the seed rate calculator that was provided by Mike Kucera on September 26. Seed rates are shown at a broadcast rate. It was discussed in the meeting that seed would be drill seeded at half the broadcast rate and then overseeded using a broadcast seeder, a method that has been used successfully by the Nebraska Department of Roads. Preferred Varieties Percent in Mix NRCS Allowable Percentage Range 0-5 20 - 40 0 - 10 15 - 25 5 - 15 0-5 15 - 25 5 - 15 5 - 15 Seeding Mixture: Species Number 134 96 15 77 99 24 59 122 51 TOTALS PLS Lbs/Ac Species Western wheatgrass Sand bluestem Blue grama Prairie sandreed Sand lovegrass Canada wildrye Little bluestem Switchgrass Indiangrass 1.25 12.00 0.25 3.25 0.50 1.25 4.50 1.50 2.50 Sandhills PLS/Sq Ft 1st Choice 2nd Choice 3rd Choice 3.16 31.13 4.73 20.42 14.92 3.30 26.86 13.40 10.04 127.96 2.5 24.3 3.7 16.0 11.7 2.6 21.0 10.5 7.8 100 Rodan Goldstrike Bad River Goshen Nebraska 27 Mandan Camper Nebraska 28 Holt Rosana Garden County -Pronghorn --Pastura Pathfinder Nebraska 54 Barton Champ ----Blaze --- * Allowable percentages based on Sands, Sandy, Shallow Sandy and Sandy Lowland Ecological Sites in Eastern Sandhills of Nebraska. NRCS NE-T.G. Notice 600 (Range Planting S-550) H.3-18 ! The following native grasses and cultivars were identified during the meeting and agreed to as most appropriate for use in the Marsh Plains. Most of these species were present in the original Marsh Plains seed mix, however, the cultivars were prioritized during the meeting and seed rates were adjusted by using the seed rate calculator that was provided by Mike Kucera on September 26. Seed rates are shown at a drill rate. These seed rates were submitted for review by the group on 10.25.2011 and were revised as shown below by Mike Kucera on 10.26.2011. Seeding Mixture: Species Number 9 122 59 51 24 134 Marsh Plains PLS Lbs/Ac Species Big bluestem Switchgrass Little bluestem Indiangrass Canada wildrye Western wheatgrass 6.00 1.00 1.75 4.00 1.25 2.50 22.73 8.93 10.45 16.07 3.30 6.31 33.5 13.2 15.4 23.7 4.9 9.3 PLS/Sq Ft Percent in Mix NRCS Allowable Percentage Range 30 - 40 5 - 20 10 - 20 15 - 30 0-5 0-20 1st Choice Pawnee Nebraska 28 Camper Holt Mandan Rodan Preferred Varieties 2nd Choice Champ Pathfinder Pastura Nebraska 54 -Rosana 3rd Choice Bonanza Forestburg Blaze --Barton TOTALS 67.79 100 * Allowable percentages based on Subirrigated Ecological Sites in Eastern Sandhills of Nebraska. NRCS NE-T.G. Notice 600 (Range Planting S-550) ! Mike Kucera offered the following collection radii for non-varietal seed that might be used on the project: ! ! ! ! Warm Season Grass Seedlots without a Variety Stated on the seedtag (includes source identified, VNS, Native Harvest, Common, etc.): o South - 250 miles (southern sources should be given preference over seed from northern sources.) o North - 150 miles o East or West - 200 miles ! Mike Kucera also provided internet links to seeding and mulching NRCS publications NE550DP and NE 484DP, which have been utilized in developing the seeding and mulching specifications for the project. H.3-19 TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute August 31, 2012 !""#$%&'() *&+%+&,# TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project Supplemental Environmental Report for the Nebraska Reroute Draft Final August 31, 2012 ! Common Name Mammals %&'()#*++,-.! *-//-,! Scientific Name Mustela nigripes Table I-1 Special-Status Species that Were Not Found During Survey Federal State Surveys Status Status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utra canadensis Vulpes velox 6+1-! %VM! 8-1><,<@-! Plants %&+B+?,! =-1>,-C+1! Penstemon haydenii 01.'12-/-.! 8C'&&! B4<,-! Cypripedium &'.AT>!>&<==-/! candidum 6+1-! \->,-/1! =/'?$*! ! @&! 1689(.! 4)%)! 6&28()7! 86(0&';0! 822)..! 48.! 7)93)7! (&! .&5)! (%82(.!43(0!1&()9(3866-!.'3(8A6)!08A3(8(*!! BD:! @&9)! +'%,)-.! /&%! B%82(6)..! A68C39;.(8%! 4)%)! 2&516)()7! &9! BD:! 6897! 39! $>>E! 897! Mentzelia +)9.3(3,)! $>>F=!9&!1689(.!&%!1&1'68(3&9.!4)%)!6&28()7*! nuda BD:! @&9)! +'%,)-.!/&%!@8%%&46)8/!1)9.()5&9!4)%)!2&516)()7!&9!BD:!6897!39!$>>E!897! Penstemon +)9.3(3,)! $>>F=!9&!1689(.!&%!1&1'68(3&9.!4)%)!6&28()7*! angustifolius BD:! @&9)! +'%,)-.! /&%! G)%.3.()9(#.)186! -)66&4#2%)..! 4)%)! 2&516)()7! &9! BD:! 6897! 39! Rorippa +)9.3(3,)! $>>E!897!$>>F=!9&!1689(.!&%!1&1'68(3&9.!4)%)!6&28()7*! calycina BD:! @&9)! +'%,)-.!/&%!G%83%3)!106&H!4)%)!2&516)()7!&9!BD:!6897!39!$>>E!897!$>>F=!9&! Phlox andicola +)9.3(3,)! 1689(.!&%!1&1'68(3&9.!4)%)!6&28()7*! Scientific Name B%82(6)..! A68C39;.(8%! @8%%&46)8/! 1)9.()5&9! G)%.3.()9(#.)186! -)66&4#2%)..! G%83%3)!106&H! ! ! ! ! "#$! ! TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project Supplemental Environmental Report for the Nebraska Reroute Draft Final August 31, 2012 ! Table I-2. Birds of Conservation Concern Potentially Occurring on the Keystone XL Pipeline Steele City Segment.I Species1 Bird Conservation Regions2 11 %&'()*!+'),)! Podiceps auritus! C/)'570(!D566)'(! Botaurus lentiginosus! ! ! ! ! 17 ! -! ! -! 19 ./011! 2&(*3! 0(*! 104)! 5(1)63! 7&(605(5(8!0!/5-69')!&:!)/)'8)(6! ;)8)6065&(!0(*!&2)(!<06)'=! "(! :')3@<06)'! <)610(*3! *&/5(06)*! ! ,A! 6011E! )/)'8)(6! ;)8)6065&(E! 0(*! ! ! <56@5(! 6@)3)! @0,56063! :')F9)(63! ! ! ;)8)6065&(!:'5(8)3!0(*!3@&')15()3=! ! -! >)363! <56@! 7&1&(501! <06)',5'*3! /&361A! 5(! 3@'9,3! 0(*! 3/011! 6'))3! 5(! 360(*5(8! <06)'! &'! 9210(*! 356)3! &(! 5310(*3 NA257011A! ,'))*3! 5(! :&')36)*! 0')03! 0*O07)(6!6&!10'8)!,&*5)3!&:!<06)'E!5(! 6'))3E! '0')1A! &(! 715::! :07)3! 0(*! 8'&9(*!()363!5(!6'))1)33!0')03=! U2)(! 360(*3! &:! 8'033#*&/5(06)*! ;)8)6065&(E! 320'3)! 3@'9,10(*3E! 0(*!3/011E!&2)(!<&&*10(*3=! Breeding Habitat (General) Observe d During Survey Nest Site Characteristics -! !!!>&! ?067@! &:! A)0'#&1*! )/)'8)(6! ;)8)6065&(! :&'! )0'1A! ()363=! B06)'! ()363! 5(! ()<1A! )/)'8)(6! ,)*3!&:!;)8)6065&(=! G&36!()363!0/&(8!*)(3)! )/)'8)(6!;)8)6065&(!&;)'!<06)'!HI! JK!7/!5(!*)26@=! >)36! 5(! 1&<)'! 3@'9,3E! ,93@)3E! 0(*! 3/011! 6'))3=!!>)36!@)58@6!0;)'08)3! L!#!$=H!/!0,&;)!8'&9(*!&'!<06)'=! N'))! 32)75)3! 93)*! 5(719*)! *)75*9&93! 6'))3! Qe.g=! R&66&(<&&*S! <@)')! 10'8)! 7&(5:)'3! 0,3)(6E! 939011A!5(!6&2!F90'6)'!&:!0!*&/5(0(6!6'))=! NA257011A! 0! 3&1560'A! 6'))E! ,93@E! 3/011! 8'&;)E! &'! 15()! &:! 6'))3! 01&(8! 36')0/! 7&9'3)E! 5(719*5(8!<511&<3E!,1074!1&79363E!O9(52)'3!0(*! 7&66&(<&&*3=! ! ! -! ! ! >&! B5661)!D19)!%)'&(! Egretta caerulea! D01*!M081)! Haliaeetus leucocephalus! ! ! >&! ! ! -! ! ! -! ! ! -! ! -! P)3! .<05(3&(T3!%0<4! Buteo swainsoni! ! ! -! P)3! "#$! ! TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project Supplemental Environmental Report for the Nebraska Reroute Draft Final August 31, 2012 ! Table I-2. Birds of Conservation Concern Potentially Occurring on the Keystone XL Pipeline Steele City Segment.I Species1 Bird Conservation Regions2 11 %&''()*+,(-!./01! Buteo regalis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reeding Habitat (General) Observe d During Survey Nest Site Characteristics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e.g. @/44/*3-9! 7(3'(-6&-9! @,'5)'/--D9! /4! ,'! +&/'!(88&'!3*A*4-!,;!A/'-6!B&)&4/4*,+=! E,35&+!F/)3&! Aquila chrysaetos! ! ! >&-! K'/*'*&!%/3@,+! Falco mexicanus! ! ! ! ! 2! ! >&-! >&33,0!M/*3! Coturnicops noveboracensis! ! 2! ! 2! Q,! R3/@1!M/*3! Laterallus jamaicensis! ! ! ! Q,! "#$! ! TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project Supplemental Environmental Report for the Nebraska Reroute Draft Final August 31, 2012 ! Table I-2. Birds of Conservation Concern Potentially Occurring on the Keystone XL Pipeline Steele City Segment.I Species1 Bird Conservation Regions2 11 %&'()*+(!,-&./0! Charadrius montanus! ! ! ! ! 17 ! 19 Breeding Habitat (General) Observe d During Survey Nest Site Characteristics E7-*(8!3*(87+7/0! Bartramia longicauda! 34&0)#50*66! 70*+0+/! 8+6)'02/8! 29! 4/02+.&0/6:! &0! 0/;/()! <+0/6=! >-6&:! 1! 1! (2! *50+;'-)'0*-! <+/-86! &(! <*--&?! *(8! 0/;/()-9! )+--/8! 50&'(8@! ;*(! '6/! ! ! E6/6! 2&)4! (*)+./! *(8! ;'-)+.*)/8! ! ! ! 1! 1! 1! ./5/)*)+&(!/F'*--9:!?+)4!(&!;-/*0! 70/,30! %/220:+87!B:&! Athene cunicularia! ! ! ! ! 1! ! 1! ! 1! I402<#,'2,-!B:&! Asio flammeus! ! ! 1! ! ! C2+6'2+&5! -25;! 0D,8;! 3402<72'33;! <2,,&,33! D&'+83;! 09<,8! '330(+'<,-! G,3! :+<4! */220:+87! 6'66'&3! Ee.g. D2'+2+,!-073F=! H5D+('&&5!&'27,!,1D'83,3!09!D2'+2+,! '8-!342/*#3<,DD,;!'&30!'72+(/&,3,3<3!+8!-,'-!<2,,3!02!+8!-,'-!D02<+083!09!&+?,! <2,,3;! ,=7=;! :,&&#! :,'<4,2,-! -,'-! D+8,3;! *'2)&,33! D+8,! 30! N,-#4,'-,-!M00-D,(),2! Melanerpes erythrocephalus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e.g. 7'--)78!*)(.8!),D8!,5/!&)++)57))/! (,>.:*9(2S! )&&,(')5,--1!9(.(!)+2.*!(2*9:!(;.&'.(*)95/8!)*!'5!-)7.*!+2'*/!)?!(2*9:!T9;! +) I J I U A ,:)6. >*)95/V E5!>*)95/8!'5!);.5!>*,((-,5/!9(9,--1!,+!:,(.! )?!,!/.5(.!+9(()&D!)?!>*,((>.*2.,/!%2*'D.! Lanius ludovicianus! ! ! ! ! 3! ! ! 3! ! ! ! G.(! L.--M(!N'*.)! Vireo bellii! ! ! ! ! O.5(.8! -)78! (2*9::1! 6.>.+,+')58! >.5.*,--1!.,*-1!(9&&.((')5,-!(+,>.(! '5! *';,*',5! ,*.,(8! :*9(21! ?'.-/(8! 3! 1)95>! (.&)5/#>*)7+2! ?)*.(+! )*! 7))/-,5/8! (&*9:! ),D8! )?+.5! 5.,*! 7,+.*!'5!,*'/!*.>')5(! (,>.:*9(28!,6)'/'5>!/'(+9*:./!,*.,(! 7'+2!2'>2!&)6.*!)?!,559,-!>*,((*,((-,5/8! ,6)'/'5>! >*,((-,5/(! 7'+2!.6.5!-)7!/.5('+'.(!)?!(2*9:(.!R2*,(2.*! Oreoscoptes montanus! %;*,>9.M(!H';'+! Anthus spragueii! ! ! ! 3! ! ! @)! ! G.(! ! 3! 3! "#$! ! TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project Supplemental Environmental Report for the Nebraska Reroute Draft Final August 31, 2012 ! Table I-2. Birds of Conservation Concern Potentially Occurring on the Keystone XL Pipeline Steele City Segment.I Species1 Bird Conservation Regions2 11 %&'('&)*!+,-&&.(! Spizella breweri! G-&H!%14<;48! Calamospiza melanocorys! ! ! ! /! ! ! ! 17 ! 19 +0&123-45*!6-7'&-8'!9-4.,:!0';80?@! AB! 5.A;4-<'5! 2:! 2;8! *-8'2&1*0?! Breeding Habitat (General) Observe d During Survey Nest Site Characteristics C'*! I&-**0.,,'&!+,-&&.(! Ammodramus savannarum! ! ! %-;&5)*!+,-&&.(! Ammodramus bairdii! ! ! ! ! N9D.(4)*!G.48*,1&! Calcarius mccownii! ! ! I&-**3-45*! -45! *0&12#*<',,'! .F! 0;80! ,3-;4*E! ;49315;48! -8&;913<1&-3! /! -&'-*J! ,&'F'&*! -&'-*! !>K! HAL! 5.A;4-<'5!2:! A;/'5#8&-**! ,&-;&;'! -45! 2;8! *-8'2&1*0 ! ! "4<'&A'5;-<'! 8&-**3-45! 0-2;<-@#! <.! L$#9A!0';80B! <1F'3')/)9-*! 5! *6! &'93&)! ?@ABCA! ,;D! E.(-! +('(! 30/<'1! -0! ;-='1! )/..30/((! 40/909'D! F9..! *'()! 9*! 4/()+0'(!4./*)'1!=9)&!1-;'()9,/)'1! 30/(('( (+,& /( ,0'()'1 ! L4'*! 30/((./*1! &/69)/)(:! e.g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ransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute August 31, 2012 !""#$%&'() *#+,-./-(0123(45,,#."5$%#$6#(745$8&%#$9&-:; J-1: Survey Methodology Letter to SHPO Privileged and Confidential Material Filed Under Separate Cover DO NOT RELEASE J-2: NE SHPO Approval of Survey Methodology Privileged and Confidential Material Filed Under Separate Cover DO NOT RELEASE TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute September 5, 2012 Appendix K Cultural Resource Survey Reports (Confidential) Privileged and Confidential Material Filed Under Separate Cover DO NOT RELEASE TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute August 31, 2012 !""#$%&'() *+,- ! ! ! ! K E YST O N E X L PR O J E C T ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! C O NST R U C T I O N, M I T I G A T I O N, AND RE C L A M A TION PL AN "#$%&'(!)*+*,-(./!)*+)! 0'12!34! ! 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"#!$%$&'%(&!)*+%,%+%&-!.**/0!1/0%(2!+3&!4%(+&0!-&)-.(!5&6-+.(&!4%''!*.(-/'+!4%+3!+3&! )$$0.$0%)+&!0&2/')+.06!)2&(*%&-!+.!&-+)7'%-3!+3&!)$$0.$0%)+&!$0.+&*+%,&!8&)-/0&-! +.!),.%1!.0!8%+%2)+&!4%'1'%#&!-&)-.()'9!+%8%(2!.0!8%20)+%.(!*.(*&0(-: 2.4 Other Notifications ! ;3&!<.(+0)*+.0!-3)''!(.+%#69!%(!40%+%(29!7.+3!5&6-+.(&!)(1!+3&!)/+3.0%+6!3),%(2! =/0%-1%*+%.(!.,&0!)(6!0.)19!0)%'0.)19!*)()'9!10)%()2&!1%+*39!0%,&09!#.0&%2(!$%$&'%(&9! .0!.+3&0!/+%'%+6!+.!7&!*0.--&1!76!+3&!$%$&'%(&!)+!'&)-+!>?!3./0-!@&A*'/1%(2! 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Damages to Private Property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"#$!818$)17$!+#'))!9$!17+%'))$*!+/!%#'%!%#$!%/8!/-!%#$!818$!'7*!./'%172!1+!'! ;171;,;!*$8%#!/-!J!-$$%!9$)/3!%#$!9/%%/;!/-!3'%$&9/*1$+!17.),*172!&1($&+0! .&$$H+0!+%&$';+0!*1%.#$+0!'7*!*&'17+5!!"#1+!*$8%#!+#'))!7/&;'))4!9$!;'17%'17$*! 4 October 2010April 2012 Rev. 34 2.8 2.9 TRANSCANADA KEYSTONE PIPELINE, LP C O NST R U C T I O N M I T I G A T I O N A N D R E C L A M A T I O N PL A N ! "#$%!&!'()*&+,$!"-!./!-$$*!"+!$&,0!)('$!"-!*0$!1&*$%2"'3!4$&)5%$'!-%"4!*0$!*"6! "-!*0$!'$-(+$'!)*%$&4!,0&++$78!!9-!,"+,%$*$!1$(:0*)!"%!,"+,%$*$!,"&*$'!6(6$!()! 5*(7(;$'!-"%!+$:&*(#$!25"3&+,3!"-!*0$!6(6$7(+$")*!&%$&)! ?@! AB! C77!1&*$%2"'($)! BD! AB! E%3!,%$$F)0&,$.!(&!&)!)$?8/)$.!(&!#*'.-$!.*':$)&8,!3*($)/*-,!,#*--! 6$!()*/'$.!/'!*++&).*'+$!2/(#!(#$!*00-/+*6-$!)$:8-*(&)!*'.!(#$!3*'81*+(8)$)@,! )$+&33$'.*(/&',4!!! ! 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"#$%&!'('%)(*%!+,*-$&.+$(,*/!,*!0*1!+,*-$&.+$(,*!&(23$4,#4501!,6%&!53(+3!7%1-$,*%! 5())!&%$0(*!+,*$&,)!,6%&!$3%!-.�+%!.-%!,#!$3%!)0*8!0#$%&!+,*-$&.+$(,*!9(:%:/!60)6%! -($%-/!;%$%&(*2!-$0$(,*-/!'.;'!-$0$(,*-/!%$+:1!7%1-$,*%! -30))!>%!8,*%!>1!0!-$0$%4)(+%*-%8!'%-$(+(8%!0'')(+0$,&:! ! 7%1-$,*%!-30))!>%!&%-',*-(>)%!#,&!&%(;>.&-(*2!0))!&%0-,*0>)%!+,-$-!(*+.&&%8!>1! ,5*%&-!,#!)0*8!08=0+%*$!$,!0>,6%2&,.*8!#0+()($(%-!53%*!$3%!)0*8,5*%&-!;.-$! +,*$&,)!5%%8-!,*!$3%(&!)0*8!53(+3!+0*!>%!&%0-,*0>)1!8%$%&;(*%8!$,!306%! -'&%08!#&,;!)0*8!,++.'(%8!>1!7%1-$,*%?-!0>,6%2&,.*8!#0+()($(%-:! 2.14 Dust Control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ff Road Vehicle Control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ctober 2010April 2012 Rev. 34 2.15 C O NST R U C T I O N M I T I G A T I O N A N D R E C L A M A T I O N PL A N ! !! "#$%&'()!#(!#*+'(!,--(#-(%,*'!*('')!#(!)+(./)!,"(#))!*+'!"#$)*(."*%#$!(%0+*1#&1 2,34! ! Fire Prevention and Control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oad and Railroad Crossings 9 October 2010April 2012 Rev. 34 2.17 TRANSCANADA KEYSTONE PIPELINE, LP C O NST R U C T I O N M I T I G A T I O N A N D R E C L A M A T I O N PL A N ! "#$%&'()&*#$!+)'#%%!,+-./!'#+/%0!1*213+4%0!+$/!'+*5'#+/%!3*55!6.!*$!+))#'/+$).! 3*&1!&1.!'.7(*'.8.$&%!#9!&1.!'#+/!+$/!'+*5'#+/!)'#%%*$2!,.'8*&%!+$/!+,,'#-+5%! #6&+*$./!64!:.4%&#$.;!!<$!2.$.'+50!+55!8+=#'!,+-./!'#+/%0!+55!,'*8+'4!2'+-.5! 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G&*%'(.%&'!$+(,,!1&,,&8!%+#$#!:0)/#,)*#$!(*/!>'&.#/0'#$!%&!)/#*%)19!%+#!,&.(%)&*!&1! /'()*!%),#$4!%&!2)%):(%#!/(2(:#$!%&!/'()*!%),#$!>')&'!%&!(*/!/0')*:!.&*$%'0.%)&*4!%&! '#>()'!/'()*!%),#$!/(2(:#/!/0')*:!)*$%(,,(%)&*!&1!%+#!>)>#,)*#4!%&!)*$>#.%!%+#!>'&>#'! 43 October 2010April 2012 Rev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dentification and Classification of Drain Tile Systems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ctober 2010April 2012 Rev. 34 5.2 ! ! Mitigation of Damage to Drain Tile Systems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ctober 2010April 2012 Rev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ctober 2010April 2012 Rev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nspection/Acceptance of Drain Tile Repairs ! TRANSCANADA KEYSTONE PIPELINE, LP 48 October 2010April 2012 Rev. 34 C O NST R U C T I O N M I T I G A T I O N A N D R E C L A M A T I O N PL A N ! 6.0 WETLAND CROSSINGS 6.1 General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emporary Erosion and Sediment Control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ctober 2010April 2012 Rev. 34 Vehicle Access and Equipment Crossing! 6.4 ! Wetland Crossing Procedures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ctober 2010April 2012 Rev. 34 C O NST R U C T I O N M I T I G A T I O N A N D R E C L A M A T I O N PL A N ! ! "#$%&!'$(%#!)%**$#+!,*!-(.*,/,%'!/#,%(+!'%.!)$!0+$1!(,!%++2+(!2&!(3$! /#,(%(2,&!,/!(3$!424$5!!6$(%#!)%&12&7!+3%##!)$!0+$1!(,!+$80*$!(3$!)%**$#+!,*! /#,%(+!(,!(3$!424$5!!9##!)%**$#+:!/#,%(+:!%&1!)%&12&7!+3%##!)$!*$8,;$*$1!%&1! *$',;$1!04,&!8,'4#$(2,&!,/!#,<$*!2&5!!=%8>/2##!+3%##!&,(!)$!%##,<$1!)$/,*$! *$8,;$*.!,/!)%**$#+:!/#,%(+:!%&1!)%&12&75!!! ! Restoration and Reclamation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ctober 2010April 2012 Rev. 34 C O NST R U C T I O N M I T I G A T I O N A N D R E C L A M A T I O N PL A N ! 7.0 WATERBODIES AND RIPARIAN AREAS 7.1 General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ctober 2010April 2012 Rev. 34 C O NST R U C T I O N M I T I G A T I O N A N D R E C L A M A T I O N PL A N ! "#$%%&'(!)*+'%!,$#!"-#.+&'!/+.-#0$12!"#$%%&'(%!&,!#-34&#-1!02!.5-!+))*&"+0*-! #-(4*+.$#2!+(-'"&-%!14#&'(!,-1-#+*!$#!%.+.-!)-#6&..&'(!)#$"-%%-%7! ! 7.2 ! 85-!)-#6+'-'.!-+%-6-'.9!.-6)$#+#2!/$#:!%)+"-9!+11&.&$'+*!.-6)$#+#2!/$#:! %)+"-9!+'1!+'2!%)-"&+*!#-%.#&".&$'%!%5+**!0-!1-)&".-1!$'!.5-!"$'%.#4".&$'! 1#+/&'(%7!!85-!/$#:!%5+**!0-!"$'.+&'-1!/&.5&'!.5-%-!+#-+%!+'1!0-!*&6&.-1!&'!%&;-! .$!.5-!6&'&646!#-34&#-1!.$!"$'%.#4".!.5-!/+.-#0$12!"#$%%&'(7!! ! 85-!<$'.#+".$#!%5+**!*$"+.-!+**!-=.#+!/$#:!+#-+%!>%4"5!+%!%.+(&'(!+#-+%!+'1! +11&.&$'+*!%)$&*!%.$#+(-!+#-+%?!+.!*-+%.!@A!,--.!,#$6!.5-!/+.-#B%!-1(-!&,! )#+".&"+0*-7!!! ! C.!+**!/+.-#0$12!"#$%%&'(%9!.5-!<$'.#+".$#!%5+**!&'%.+**!,*+((&'(!+"#$%%!.5-! "$'%.#4".&$'!#&(5.D$,D/+2!+.!*-+%.!@A!,--.!,#$6!.5-!/+.-#E%!-1(-!)#&$#!.$!"*-+#&'(! +'1!-'%4#-!.5+.!#&)+#&+'!"$F-#!&%!6+&'.+&'-1!/5-#-!)#+".&"+0*-!14#&'(! "$'%.#4".&$'7!!! 7.3 ! 85-!<$'.#+".$#!%5+**!&'%)-".!-34&)6-'.!,$#!,*4&1!*-+:%!)#&$#!.$!-'.-#&'(!$#! "#$%%&'(!$F-#!/+.-#0$1&-%7! ! G34&)6-'.!0#&1(-%!%5+**!0-!&'%.+**-1!+.!+**!,*$/&'(!/+.-#0$1&-%!+'1!+%!1&#-".-1!02! .5-!H-2%.$'-!GI7!!G34&)6-'.!"#$%%&'(%!%5+**!0-!"$'%.#4".-1!+%!1-%"#&0-1!&'! J-.+&*%!@K9!@L!! +'1M$#!@N7! ! G34&)6-'.!"#$%%&'(%!%5+**!0-!)-#)-'1&"4*+#!.$!1#+&'+(-!0$..$6%!/5-#-F-#! )$%%&0*-7!! ! G#$%&$'!+'1!%-1&6-'.!"$'.#$*!0+##&-#%!/&**!0-!&'%.+**-1!+'1!6+&'.+&'-1!+#$4'1! F-5&"*-!+""-%%!)$&'.%!+%!'-"-%%+#2!.$!)#-F-'.!%-1&6-'.!,#$6!#-+"5&'(!.5-! /+.-#/+27! ! 85-!<$'.#+".$#!%5+**!0-!#-%)$'%&0*-!,$#!.5-!&'%.+**+.&$'9!6+&'.-'+'"-9!+'1! #-6$F+*!$,!+**!.-6)$#+#2!+""-%%!"#$%%&'(%!&'"*41&'(!)$#.+0*-!0#&1(-%9!0#&1(-%! 6+1-!,#$6!.&60-#!$#!6+.%9!,*46-%9!"4*F-#.%9!%+'1!0+(%9!%40%$&*9!"$+#%-!(#+'4*+#! 6+.-#&+*9!+'1!#&)#+)7!!! ! 85-!<$'.#+".$#!%5+**!-'%4#-!.5+.!"4*F-#.%!+'1!,*46-%!+#-!%&;-1!+'1!&'%.+**-1!$,! %4,,&"&-'.!1&+6-.-#!.$!+""$66$1+.-!.5-!-=&%.&'(!,*$/!$,!/+.-#!+'1!.5$%-!.5+.!6+2! )$.-'.&+**2!0-!"#-+.-1!02!%411-'!#4'$,,%7!!O*46-%!%5+**!0-!&'%.+**-1!/&.5!.5-!&'*-.! +'1!$4.*-.!+.!'+.4#+*!(#+1-!&,!)$%%&0*-7! ! P5-#-!0#&1(-%9!"4*F-#.%!$#!,*46-%!+#-!&'%.+**-1!+"#$%%!.5-!/$#:!+#-+9!.5-! <$'.#+".$#!%5+**!0-!#-%)$'%&0*-!,$#!6+&'.+&'&'(!.5-6!>-7(7!)#-F-'.&'(!"$**+)%-9! "*$((&'(!$#!.&*.&'(?7!!C**!,*46-%!+'1!"4*F-#.%!%5+**!0-!#-6$F-1!+%!%$$'!+%!)$%%&0*-! 4)$'!"$6)*-.&$'!$,!"$'%.#4".&$'7! ! TRANSCANADA KEYSTONE PIPELINE, LP 55 October 2010April 2012 Rev. 34 Easement and Work Space Vehicle Access and Equipment Crossings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ctober 2010April 2012 Rev. 34 Waterbody Crossing Methods ! C O NST R U C T I O N M I T I G A T I O N A N D R E C L A M A T I O N PL A N ! "#$%&'("&)#$*!&+,!-#$&'."&#'!%+.//!)$%&.//!&+,!"'#%%)$0!(&)/)1)$0!&+,!2/#3)$0! 45,$!-(&!-'#%%)$0!6,&+#7!89,&.)/!:;?! @,?%&#$,A! ! BACA;! 2/#3)$0!45,$!-(&!-'#%%)$0!6,&+#7!#D!6)$#'*!E$&,'F,7).&,*!.$7!6.G#'! 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esting Equipment Location! K4$!8,.(0'1(,0!24'))!?0,>&%$!+,0!(4$!2'+$(*!,+!'))!?&?$)&.$!1,.2(031(&,.!?$02,..$)!'.%! (4$!/$.$0')!?35)&1!%30&./!4*%0,2('(&1!($2(!,?$0'(&,.2!5*!?)'1&./!-'0.&./!2&/.2!&.! ?,?3)'($%!'0$'2=! ! K4$!8,.(0'1(,0!24'))!),1'($!4*%0,2('(&1!($2(!#'.&+,)%2!;DD!+$$(!,3(2&%$!-$()'.%2! '.%!0&?'0&'.!'0$'2!(,!(4$!#'9#!$9($.(!?0'1(&1'5)$=!! 8.2 Test Water Source and Discharge Locations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ctober 2010April 2012 Rev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ewatering the Pipeline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ctober 2010April 2012 Rev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wfri-I FPIUIQ 6 4) A UA:oz ff> - 1? 2 mmf' 5 mf EE ?2_man 11 Tn E22 'U5'z 3255 S222 j>U) |71 OC) 1 mx* Gow (wp) 2.5 (DN I rv-1233> -P -I 17? go 30017115132 (530 C- cj; Zm UC (D 1-1-1 IJ "3 og O4 O4 TC-A4-BR-DWG CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS THESE ARE TYPICAL ACTUAL SITE CONDITI 0 NS MAY VARY FROM THE SITE GRAPHICALLY REPRESENTED UPDATED DRAW NG NOTES 20 0- I5 UPDATED DRAW NG NOTES 0-REVSONS 2008- WOOD STAKE OR RE-BAR TIED HAY OR STRAW BALE OFF _Ewf BELOW GRADE SECTION AS REQUIRED 2 x4 LONG (TYP) HAY OR BALES (TYP) /00000 /00 00 /00 TRENCH TO ACCOMMODATE THE BALES THE FIRST STAKE SHOULD BE ANGLED TOWARD THE PREVIOUSLY LAID BALE SECTION NOTES AND EXTENDED UPSLOPE EACH BALE SHOULD BE SECURED BY AT LEAST 2 STAKES THE FIRST STAKE IN EACH BALE SHALL BE TOWARD THE PREVIOUSLY LAID BALE TO FORCE THE BALES TOGETHER ANY GAPS CAN BE FILLED IN BY WEDGING LOOSE STRAW BETWEEN THE BALES STAKES SHOULD BE DRIVEN REBAR OR STANDARD OR STEEL POSTS CAN BE USED AS STAKES BUT IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT THEY MAY POSE A HAZARD TO EQUIPMENT IF THE BALES DISINTEGRATE COMPACT THE SOIL AGAINST THE UPHILL SIDE OF THE BARRIER TO PREVENT PIPING STRAW OR HAY BALE BARRIERS REQUIRE CONTINUAL MAINTENANCE TO REMOVE COLLECTED SEDIMENT AND REPLACE DAMAGED BALES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE PAY CLOSE ATTENTION TO THE REPAIR OF DAMAGED BALES END RUNS AND UNDERCUTTING BENEATH BALES INSTALLATION TO BE MODIFIED BY THE PROJECT AS NECESSARY TO SUIT ACTUAL SITE CONDITIONS DESIGNER KEYSTONE XL PROJECT Transcanada FIA If 4359 CHAINAGE DISCIPLINE In busmess to de//ver exp Energy SGFVICGS Inc ZOIO I0 21 TTLE NAME DATE I 1850 385 5441 |f 1 850 385 5523 2 TYPICAL STRAW OR HAY BALE BARRIER USA QXP CHECKED BY DESIGN CHECKER SCALE DWG No WSF pmo NTS 4359 05 ML 05 702 CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL THESE ARE TYPICAL ACTUAL SITE CONDITI 0 NS MAY VARY FROM THE SITE GRAPHICALLY REPRESENTED 20 0-10-11 REVISED TITLE BLOCK I3 0- 0-08 UPDATED DRAW NG NOTES 02 20 -04 MODFED DRAWNG NOTES 2008REV ONS RIGHT-OF-WAY SLOPE BREAK DISTUREANCE IF APPROPRIATE A ll 5 A 4535> I I I I H3 DISTURBED \j A II NQ EXTEND BERM BEYOND THE WIDTH OF BREAKER AND AS APPROVED BY ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTOR AND LANDOWNER STABILIZED OUTLET FLOW I SPREADER OR TIMBER APRON I I IV II If SPACING DETERMINED BY DEGREE OF SLOPE PLAN COMPACTED SOIL (R) \/Ss NOTES PERMANENT SLOPE BREAKERS TO PROVIDE POSITIVE DRAINAGE TO A STABILIZED OUTLET INSTALLATION SPECIFICATIONS TO BE MODIFIED BY THE PROJECT AS NECESSARY TO SUIT ACTUAL SITE CONDITIONS THE CONTRACTOR SHALL INSTALL TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT SLOPE BREAKERS ON SLOPES GREATER THAN APPROXIMATELY 57 ON ALL DISTURBED LANDS AT THE FOLLOWING RECOMMENDED SPACING SLOPE I7I SPACING IFEETI 5 5 300 30 200 >30 TransCa nada In business to de//Ver FIA 4359 CHAINAGE DISCIPLINE O3 exp Energy SGFVICGS Inc ZOIQATQO 21 TILE DETAIL 3 15505555441|f 15505555525 SLOPE BREAKER DETAIL USA It QXP CHECKED BY DESIGN CHECKER (WATER BARS) SCALE DWG No WSF pmo NTS 4359 03 ML 05 703 CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS BLOCK REV SED 20 O- 03 UPDATED DRAW NG NOTES NOTES 02 20 0- 0-08 DRAW NG 2008SLO OVERLAP EROSION CONTROL BLANKETS TOP OF SLOPE SECTION A- FOLLOW MANUFACTURER INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE STAPLE PATTERN AND OVERLAP REQUIREMENTS EROSION CONTROL BLANKETS VW CSI BOTTOM OF SLOPE /090 9 SECTION NOTES INSTALL MATTING IN ACCORDANCE WITH MANUFACTURERS INSTRUCTIONS PREPARE SOIL BEFORE INSTALLING MATTING INCLUDING GRADING REMOVAL OF LARGE ROCKS AND DEBRIS AND THE APPLICATION OF SEED AND FERTILIZER IF NOT USING PRE SEEDED MATTING EROSION CONTROL MATTING SHALL EXTEND COMPLETELY ACROSS DISTURBED AREAS TO PROTECT ERODIBLE SURFACES BEGIN AT THE TOP OF THE SLOPE BY ANCHORING THE MATTING IN A TRENCH BACKFILL AND COMPACT THE TRENCH AFTER STAPLING ROLL THE MATTING DOWN THE SLOPE IN THE DIRECTION OF THE WATER FLOW AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO STAPLES WOODEN STAKES OR BIO DEGRADEABLE PINS CAN BE USED WHERE SPECIFIED BY THE COMPANY ENSURE COMPLETE CONTACT BETWEEN THE MATTING AND THE SLOPE FACE ADDITIONAL STAPLES CAN BE USE TO ELIMINATE GAPS INSTALLATION SPECIFICATIONS TO BE MODIFIED BY THE PROJECT AS NECESSARY TO SUIT ACTUAL SITE CONDITIONS DESIGNER KEYSTONE PROJECT Transcanada FIA ff 4359 CHAINACE DISCIPLINE ln busmess to de//ver exp Energy SSFVICGS Inc ZOIQATQO 21 TILE I 18503855441|f 18503855523 4 pn EROSION CONTROL MATTING INSTALLATION USA QX CHECKED BY DESIGN CI-IECKER REV SCALE DWG No ~f P7100 NTS 4359 9/PLAN VIEW 1300 erooianB|vd Tallah . . TC-A4-BR-DWG CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS REVISIONS 2008-11-O4 MODIFIED DRAWING NOTES 11 RE ISED TITLE BLOCK I I EI 3 >5or'-'Eg ILIZQZ QI @2302 5- S?+ofw _'Ono ZQUIQ -4 E13 "1 -I-1 Q. ?UoU - Z-so FUN 2 V.-, 1| CDOZ FII333;u3Z SI-IEET FLOW 'Eg I 5 CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL 1?$3'0" 1" Qu QfiUFQQ 202 513 f/,-<>wwm\/Zi "1 Oo <2 ?wgcm 11 FZUQQ 3?f,/QQ/\zr\ . UO >f'1 -nm (TYR) 1; 9 AU RS Qi ii1111 wi1202 1111111 2122-Um m-U2 (C) nu Z- ZUO CU CDUTC-A4-BR-DWG CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS REVISIONS M2008-11-04 UPDATED DRAWING NOTES 2010-10-11 UPDATED PLAN DETAIL I I ggafm 7` >58e_.QQ) VFIZUOZ (_1Fd I U) I 0 1:1 VTICUZ -I gg -1 3> 2 5' 1-1111 1-1-151-13151/I--133 >c1-1-rr' RF-1'5fTC-A4-BR-DWG CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS WI REVISIONS NOTES 3 4 @2010-10-08 UPDATED DRAWING NOTES a 2010-10-11 UPDATED DRA NG NOTES I C-1>>-fm _1 93 9? 9'9' 0 wg" SJW- Sf* -Q wigS-I ?20C1Jgp?1f?' 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UZUU) 170 Co "i 1152; H352 0 9% Sa I 1- 2 1"'1 5 Q1-QQ Zo gi? -1 Qi 15115 P1 5" 0 3 3 5' 1-1 DSU) Zi U, U1 2 (R) ?1v?1= (C) "ifTRENCH 0,35 1:1:1513 1-1U11"i 0 0 FII 04 CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS REVISIONS REVISED NOTES 2, 3 13 2010-10-11 UPDATED DRAWING NOTES I I _ff no oo \|0wo14350. -|>>-gin U1 ,-13 U) I U-.-, 3>;Um SQ E25 200 1- gzwc/15-5 5 -I rn 'u fn -112 - _gg 'am Q, -Igcm QPIPELINE FUQZI1QQOQ5 i--<14 z><11-'12 -1 PVTI1 8 ;u 3 0 QU 22212 EEQSQTE 52 1 2 QLRENCH r-1 an U) ww-I; Z2 <5 I 7? mo rl-.-, T1 an 1-3116 I1ZTITQ CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS REVISIONSM UPDATED DRAWING NOTES 2010-10-08 UPDATED DRAWING 2010-10-11 UPDATED DRAWING NOTES- Q0 >1 P101 ww . 0 5' if' FI CU-U a _fgmri Q/az cf) 1_0 11 I LOC) 1 I |11 I-11-|11 COQU 0013> UM-5235, 2 3 -5 ?111 ZI J>cn rv 5? Us O20 QWUUCQ 75 -30 1113> 0 JZ - 5 30-1;-Im ZXQZUE 8 1 2 Dem >6<13 OQWPW ;;1gf? 3 101/1 3 CU -IV) -IPQVEU C-I-I -1 U1 -11; OEQUJZUU ZZ 0" gf Sf> 6 QSQZ 5* gp ?5 nu 5 rn 11171033 OPTIONAL TEMPORARY f; -I ;u Zo 1:5 OOQQZQ EQUIPMENT CROSSING NEEDED IU) m;1"HgCP35220 2122 '11-|111 |11 '11-1111 I-FTC-A4-BR-DWG CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL TLE BLOCK REV SED O- O- 20 I2 UPDATED DRAW NG NOTES REV ONS -CONSTRUCTION EXTRA WORK SPACE TRENCH PLUG Q20 oon-I LE ORARY VEH MP RETAIN A MIN IO BUFFER TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE Zi/ WATERBODY SPOIL BERM Il HAYBALES BACKI-IOE PLUG STREAM SPOIL PILE PROPOSED PIPELINE ALIGNMENT EXTRA WORK SPACE PLAN DESIGNER KEYSTONE XL PROJECT TranSCanada FIA ,If 4359 DISCIPLINE O3 In busmess to de/Iver TTLE exp Energy SGFVICGS Inc ZOIEZATQO 21 12 I 155?3555441|f 15505555523 TYPICAL OPEN CUT WET CROSSING METHOD It USA QXP CHECKED BY DESIGN CHECKER FLOWING WATERBODY /_il I-I-I MIN1300 ero oian Tallah .COI11 SCALE DWG No WSF pmo NTS 4359 O5 ML O3 705 CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL THESE ARE TYPICAL ACTUAL SITE CONDITI NS MAY VARY FROM THE SITE GRAPHICALLY REPRESENTED CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES: I. RIGHT-OF-WAY BOUNDARIES AND WORK SPACE LIMITS SHALL BE CLEARLY DELINEATED. STAGING FOR MAKEUP SHALL BE LOCATED A MINIMUM OF IO FEET FROM WATERBODY. 2. CLEARING LIMITS WILL BE CLEARLY DELINEATED AND IO FOOT VEGETATIVE BUFFER STRIP BETWEEN DISTURBED AREA AND THE WATERBODY SHALL BE MAINTAINED TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE. ALL CLEARING SHALL BE MINIMIZED TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE AND TO ONLY THAT NECESSARY FOR CONSTRUCTION. WOODY VEGETATION SHALL BE CUT AT GROUND LEVEL AND THE LEFT IN PLACE TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE. 3. TOPSOIL SHALL BE STRIPPED FROM THE DITCH LINE IN ALL WETLANDS RIPARIAN. 4. CONTRACTOR SHALL INSTALL SIGNS APPROXIMATELY IOO FEET MINIMUM FROM EACH WATERBODY AND WETLAND TO IDENTIFY THE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EXCLUSION AREA. 5. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL 0. CONTRACTOR SHALL SUPPLY, INSTALL AND MAINTAIN SEDIMENT CONTROL STRUCTURES, AS DEPICTED OR ALONG DOWN GRADIENT SIDES OF WORK AREAS AND STAGING AREAS SUCH THAT NO HEAVILY SILT LADEN WATER ENTERS WATERBODY OR WETLAND. b. NO HEAVILY SILT LADEN WATER SHALL BE DISCHARGED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY INTO THE WATERBODY. ALL EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL STRUCTURE LOCATIONS AS DEPICTED ARE APPROXIMATE AND MAY BE ADJUSTED AS DIRECTED BY THE COMPANY INSPECTOR TO SUIT ACTUAL SITE CONDITIONS. SILT FENCE OR STRAW BALE INSTALLATIONS SHALL INCLUDE REMOVABLE SECTIONS TO FACILITATE ACCESS DURING CONSTRUCTION. C. SEDIMENT LADEN WATER FROM TRENCH DEWATERING SHALL BE DISCHARGED TO A WELL VEGETATED UPLAND AREA INTO A STRAW BALE DEWATERING STRUCTURE OR GEOTEXTILE FILTER BAG. SEDIMENT CONTROL STRUCTURES MUST BE IN PLACE AT ALL TIMES ACROSS THE DISTURBED CONSTRUCTION RIGHT-OF-WAY EXCEPT DURING OF THE CROSSING PIPE. CI. SOFT DITCH PLUGS MUST REMAIN IN PLACE AT CONVENIENT LOCATIONS TO SEPARATE MAINLINE DITCH FROM THE WATERBODY CROSSING UNTIL THE WATER CROSSING IS INSTALLED AND BACKFILLED. e. TRENCH BREAKERS ARE TO BE INSTALLED AT THE SAME SPACING AND IMMEDIATELY UPSLOPE OF PERMANENT SLOPE BREAKERS, OR AS DIRECTED BY THE COMPANY. 6. CONTRACTOR SHALL MAINTAIN HARD PLUGS IN THE DITCH AT THE WATERBODY UNTIL JUST PRIOR TO PIPE INSTALLATION. CONTRACTOR SHALL EXCAVATE TRENCH AND INSTALL PIPE AS EXPEDIENTLY AS PRACTICAL TO REDUCE THE DURATION OF WORK ACTIVITIES IN THE WATERBODY BED. 7. CONTRACTOR SHALL PLACE TRENCH SPOIL ONLY IN CERTIFICATED WORK SPACE AND A MINIMUM OF IO FEET FROM THE WATERBODY BANKS TO PREVENT ENTRY OF SPOIL INTO THE WATERBODY. SPOIL SHALL BE CONTAINED AS NECESSARY USING EITHER A STRAW BALE BARRIER OR AN BERM. 8. CONTRACTOR SHALL RESTORE THE WATERBODY AND BANKS TO APPROXIMATE PRE-CONSTRUCTION Tj CONTOURS, UNLESS OTHERWISE APPROVED BY THE COMPANY. CONTRACTOR SHALL INSTALL PERMANENT 'lg EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL STRUCTURES AS INDICATED. ANY MATERIALS PLACED IN THE WATERBODY TO FACILITATE CONSTRUCTION SHALL BE REMOVED DURING RESTORATION. BANKS SHALL BE STABILIZED AND TEMPORARY SEDIMENT BARRIERS INSTALLED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER CROSSING, BUT WITHIN 24 HOURS OF COMPLETING THE CROSSING. MAINTAIN A SILT FENCE OR STRAW BALE 'nf BARRIER ALONG THE WATERBODY AND WETLAND BOUNDARIES UNTIL VEGETATION IS ESTABLISHED IN ADJACENT DISTURBED AREAS. 9. VEHICLE CROSSING CAN BE CONSTRUCTED USING EITHER A FLUME CROSSING OR A TEMPORARY BRIDGE. 3 VEHICLE CROSSING ONLY REOUIRED IF STREAM SUPPORTS A STATE DESIGNATED FISHERY. U7 5 1 fal1S ana 8 . If 4359 . TITLE exp Energy Serv|ces Inc. 12A TYPICAL OPEN CUT WET cRoss|NG METHOD Ein FL 32308 FLOWING WATERBODY - CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES WSF RW P7100 DWG NO 4359-O3-ML-O3-706 TC-A4-BR-DWG CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS THESE ARE TYPICAL ACTUAL SITE CONDITI 0 NS MAY VARY FROM THE SITE GRAPHICALLY REPRESENTED. - 0- REV SED TTLE OCK 200 REV ONS EXTRA I WORK SPACE DERM 2 23 A 0 APPROVED SIZE U) KEY INTO BANK IF NECESSARY TO SEAL CONTAINMENT WORKING R.O.W. WIDTH EXTRA 4 WORK INSTREAM SPACE WTCH (PROPOSED APPROACH ROAD 3 USING ROCK, CORDUROY OR CLEAN COARSE GRAVEL SILT FENCE 23TOP BANK DAM LE TE ORARY VEHIC sg I 33 g. Ps99o i - MP 5 C.) PIPELINE I mv O.. I I-no -I-I mJ> TRENCH SILT FENCE GATE DACKHOE TO BE CLOSED AT MGHT OR DUWNG RAWFALL SPOIL BERM INSTREAM DITCH SPOIL PLAN VIEW FLUME LENGTH TEMPORARY VEHICLE CROSSING PIPELINE TRENCH ENERGY DISSIPATOR ROCK SCOUR PROTECTION WELL GRADED vi hu IF TRENCH SIDES BECOME NEW FLUME UNDER TEMPORARY UNSTABLE AND COULD VEHICLE CROSSING COLLAPSE ALLOW TRENCH TO REFILL WITH WATER AND PLACE PIPE UNDERWATER NOTES SECTION A A PIPELINE PLACEMENT WITHIN RIGHT OF WAY CONCEPTUAL ONLY SEE DETAIL 13A FOR CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES DESIGNER KEYSTONE PROJECT Transcanada FIA 4359 CHAINAGE DISCIPLINE O3 In bus/ness to de//ver exp Energy Servlces Inc ZOIQATQO 21 TLE I 1850 385 5441 |f 1850 385 5523 13 MI pu TYPICAL DRY FLUME CROSSING METHOD H3308 QXP CHECKED BY DESIGN CHECKER USA SCALE DWG No P7100 NTS 4359 Tallah I I euro an .I I I CIIO I OTOTIT TC-A4-BR-DWG CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS THESE ARE TYPICAL ACTUAL SITE CONDITI 0 NS MAY VARY FROM THE SITE GRAPHICALLY REPRESENTED CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES: 1. MARK OUT AND MAINTAIN LIMITS OF AUTHORIZED WORK AREAS WITH FENCING OR FLAGGING TAPE TO AVOID UNNECESSARY DISTURBANCE OF VEGETATION. ENSURE EQUIPMENT OPERATORS WORKING ON THE CROSSING HAVE BEEN BRIEFED ABOUT THIS PLAN AND THE MEASURE NEEDED TO PROTECT WATER QUALITY. 2. ALL NECESSARY EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS TO BUILD THE FLUME MUST BE ON-SITE OR READILY AVAILABLE PRIOR TO COMMENCING IN-WATER WORK. 3. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, MAINTAIN A MINIMUM 1O FT. VEGETATIVE BUFFER STRIP BETWEEN DISTURBED AREAS AND THE WATERCOURSE. INSTALL AND MAINTAIN A SILT FENCE OR STRAW BALE BARRIER UPSLOPE OF THE BUFFER STRIP ON EACH SIDE OF THE WATERCOURSE. 4. CONTRACTOR SHALL SUPPLY, INSTALL AND MAINTAIN SEDIMENT CONTROL STRUCTURES, AS DEPICTED OR ALONG DOWN GRADIENT SIDES OF WORK AREAS AND STAGING AREAS SUCH THAT NO HEAVILY SILT LADEN WATER ENTERS STREAM. o. NO HEAVILY SILT LADEN WATER SHALL BE DISCHARGED DIRECTLY INTO THE STREAM. b. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL STRUCTURE LOCATIONS AS DEPICTED ARE APPROXIMATE AND MAY BE ADJUSTED AS DIRECTED BY THE COMPANY INSPECTOR TO ACTUAL SITE CONDITIONS. c. SILT FENCE OR STRAW BALE INSTALLATIONS SHALL INCLUDE REMOVABLE SECTIONS TO FACILITATE ACCESS DURING CONSTRUCTION. UTILIZE STRAW BALE BARRIERS ONLY IN LIEU OF A SILT FENCE WHERE FREQUENT ACCESS IS REQUIRED. d. SEDIMENT LADEN WATER FROM TRENCH DEWATERING SHALL BE DISCHARGED TO A WELL VEGETATED UPLAND AREA INTO A STRAW BALE DEWATERING STRUCTURE OR GEOTEXTILE FILTER BAG. e. SEDIMENT CONTROL STRUCTURES MUST BE IN PLACE AT ALL TIMES ACROSS THE DISTURBED PORTIONS OF THE RIGHT-OF-WAY EXCEPT DURING OF THE CROSSING PIPE. f. SOFT DITCH PLUGS MUST REMAIN IN PLACE AT CONVENIENT LOCATIONS TO SEPARATE MAINLINE DITCH FROM THE RIVER CROSSING UNTIL THE RIVER CROSSING IS INSTALLED AND BACKFILLED. 5. PIPE SHALL BE STRUNG AND WELDED FOR READY INSTALLATION PRIOR TO WATERCOURSE TRENCHING. 6. FLUME CAPACITY DURING DRY CROSSING SHALL BE SUFFICIENT TO ACCOMMODATE 1.5 TIMES THE FLOW MEASURED AT THE TIME OF CONSTRUCTION PROVIDED THAT THE FLUMES WILL BE IN PLACE NOT MORE THAN 96 HOURS AND NO PRECIPITATION IS FORECAST. FLUME CAPACITY FOR VEHICLE ACCESS SHALL BE SUFFICIENT TO PASS THE 2 YEAR DESIGN FLOW OR THE FLOW REASONABLY EXPECTED TO OCCUR DURING THE INSTALLATION. EXCESS FLUMES REQUIRED FOR LONGER TERM ACCESS SHALL BE CAPPED DURING DRY CROSSING PROCEDURES. 7. ENSURE THAT THE DAMS AND VEHICLE CROSSING ARE LOCATED FAR ENOUGH APART TO ALLOW FOR A WIDE EXCAVATION. 8. FLUMES ARE TO BE SET WITH 1O PERCENT OF THEIR DIAMETER BELOW STREAMBED LEVEL WHERE SOIL CONDITIONS PERMIT (OTHERWISE INSTALLED AT STREAM GRADE AND SLOPE.) 9. PLACE IMPERVIOUS DAMS AT EACH END OF THE FLUME, UPSTREAM FIRST, THEN ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVES INCLUDE GRAVEL WITH RIP-RAP PROTECTION, SAND BAGS, STEEL PLATE AND ROCKFILL. DURING INSTALLATION, INSTALL AN IMPERVIOUS MEMBRANE, IF NECESSARY, TO LIMIT LEAKAGE. DAMS MAY NEED KEYING INTO THE BANK AND STREAMBED. 8 EXCAVATE TRENCH THROUGH PLUGS AND UNDER FLUME FROM BOTH SIDES. WORK IS TO BE COMPLETED AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE. o. LOWER IN PIPE BY PASSING UNDER FLUME AND BACKFILL IMMEDIATELY WITH SPOIL MATERIAL. b. IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO DEWATER THE IN-STREAM TRENCH, HOWEVER, DISPLACED WATER SHALL I: BE PUMPED TO A STABLE UPLAND AREA TO AVOID OVERTOPPING OF DAMS DURING PIPE PLACEMENT. c. IF THE SPOIL MATERIAL IS NOT SUITABLE, USE IMPORTED CLEAN GRANULAR MATERIAL. d. IF BLASTING IS REQUIRED, USE CONTROLLED BLASTING TECHNIQUES TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE FLOW CONVEYANCE SYSTEM. ALTERNATIVELY, BLASTING MAY BE ACCOMPLISHED PRIOR TO THE FLUME INSTALLATION BY DRILLING THROUGH THE OVERBURDEN. 1O. EXCAVATED MATERIAL MUST NOT BE STOCKPILED WITHIN 1O FT. OF THE WATERCOURSE. THIS MATERIAL SHALL BE 53 CONTAINED TO PREVENT SATURATED SOIL FROM FLOWING BACK INTO THE WATERCOURSE. (L 11. DEWATERING OF THE ONLAND TRENCH SHOULD OCCUR IN A STABLE VEGETATED AREA A MINIMUM OF 5O FT. FROM ANY 5 WATERBODY. THE PUMP DISCHARGE SHOULD BE DIRECTED ONTO A STABLE SPILL PAD CONSTRUCTED OF ROCKFILL OR TIMBERS TO PREVENT LOCALIZED EROSION. THE DISCHARGE WATER SHOULD ALSO BE FORCED INTO SHEET FLOW IMMEDIATELY BEYOND THE SPILL PAD BY USING STRAW BALES AND THE NATURAL TOPOGRAPHY. 12. FLUMES SHOULD BE REMOVED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE, WHEN NO LONGER REQUIRED FOR PIPE LAYING OR FOR ROAD ACCESS, IN THE FOLLOWING MANNER: o. REMOVE THE VEHICLE CROSSING RAMP. BANKS ARE TO BE RESTORED TO A STABLE ANGLE AND PROTECTED WITH EROSION RESISTANT MATERIAL COMPATIBLE WITH THE FLOW CONDITIONS (E.G., EROSION CONTROL BLANKETS, CRIBBING, ROCK RIP-RAP, ETC.) TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT POSSIBLE BEFORE REMOVING THE DAMS. b. REMOVE DAM. c. REMOVE UPSTREAM DAM. d. REMOVE FLUME. e. COMPLETE BANK TRIMMING AND EROSION PROTECTION. IF SANDBAGS ARE USED FOR THE DAMS, PLACE AND REMOVE BY HAND TO AVOID EQUIPMENT BREAKING BAGS. 5 13. RESTORE THE STREAMBED AND BANKS TO APPROXIMATE PRE-CONSTRUCTION CONTOURS, BUT NOT TO EXCEED 2 HORIZONTAL TO 1 VERTICAL. o. INSTALL PERMANENT EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL STRUCTURES AS INDICATED ON A SITE ,Lg SPECIFIC BASIS. IN THE ABSENCE OF SITE SPECIFIC INFORMATION, A FLEXIBLE CHANNEL LINER SUCH AS NAG C125 OR C350 WHICH IS CAPABLE OF WITHSTANDING ANTICIPATED FLOW SHALL BE DC INSTALLED. ALTERNATIVELY, ROCK RIP-RAP SHALL BE INSTALLED. b. ANY MATERIALS PLACED IN THE STREAM TO FACILITATE CONSTRUCTION SHALL BE REMOVED DURING RESTORATION. BANKS SHALL BE STABILIZED AND TEMPORARY SEDIMENT BARRIERS INSTALLED AS U, SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER CROSSING, BUT WITHIN 24 HOURS OF COMPLETING THE CROSSING. c. MAINTAIN A SILT FENCE OR STRAW BALE BARRIER ALONG THE WATER COURSE UNTIL VEGETATION IS ESTABLISHED IN ADJACENT DISTURBED AREAS. A fal1S BYTE 8 . I 4559 exp Energy Services Inc. TITLE 13A TYPICAL DRY FLUME CROSSING METHOD - 52Ehassee,FL 32308 _.expo CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES ~f~I~f WSF RW P7100 N.T.S. 4359-O5-ML-O3-708 O2 TC-A4-BR-DWG CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS R51/1s101\1sm 2010-10-11 111LE 1/1v111\1111/11111/1 U, rf 5103030 -I 2 -U Z\mm 2 35-iq-1021>-(DSU 111111111111111111111 11111 Zi' 1'-1-0 22% Eg; 30 5 0 5,-1- 1:7323 11' - Ir'-1 Q00 0 0 ff-- U) 1- -U-I pq - P. 1-1-1 1-O02 Z0 7013 w_1 . 30 -I E3 :La CQ 'Tl'-r'-1 =11\/5111015 01- ol; -122 0120331110 (NWO I -1 Cm I-0-00 5-1-'Cm 'n 7< >1"'1W"o CUZ JU 1111> 0? g51,132 83% -1 Z2 EO 3760205 3 Q5 1-1-1951 fwqgu >C 1> -1 FU 0 I <2ua-1 - 1/ WZ 1-I"fl55-1 CDO rn 0 5-16_5 SECTION A-A I1 USE ROCK CORDUROY OR COARSE GRAVEL APPROACH PLACED A TO BE ADEQUATELY SUCH AS AMOCO 4553 OR EQUIVALENT TO STABMZED FORM STABLE APPROACH ROADS PLAN BRIDGE LENGTH SEE NOTE 2, DETAIL ICA DECK ENSURE ADEQUATE OPENING TO CREEK BANKS ALLOW ANTICIRATED INCREASE INSTREAM DISCHARGE BRIDGE PROFILE ROCK OR COARSE LOGS TO HOLD CURB BL BOULDER OR STEEL OR LOG 'j .W. ROCK FH-L T05 - PROTECTION LOC SUPPORTS 'g SET BACK A MIN. OF 6.5' EROM TOP OF BANK (UNDISTURBED CROUND) TYPICAL TEMPORARY CRIB ABUTMENT 5 5 fans ana a 4359 exp Energy Services Inc. TITLE ll 16 1300MetrOp0IitanBIvd TYPICAL TEMPORARY BRIDGE CROSSING >>--exp-com A WSF RW PHQO DWG NO 4359-O3-ML-O3-712 CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS REVISIONS 2010-10-11 BLOCK I I I ggaqw wmagamm 1womwZ +>00 WZ A 3 54 m>0-Qrm mm -m0mIc@ 0m1m -HW 0 -1 m- Q0 m1> >-gm m- m%?wo?o W- -W 0001 rr 1 3 132, ?m1?o 52 Um?Q@r Tigi 1311 0 5 1 .l i 2 m?w1211 ?26111 P02 11-wX>@0923- Qm10 mo WF 1mw.@mO 2 WI U-l I 0519 U- SU-1 11 1 O>wm751>w5;0-13% ECU 2 0 wg WZ0 Ewwom m12 -1131> FU - (DZCQ -1Q>;zz Ugmz-5 25 5 I 10- ZmOm 1~m r-1 1- 1-II 05 11 6531> -I <2 U) <5 34% I'l1 2 dm `580 ZZ RW p3E0>?? 11 0% 0 0 3 wm??ZW0-HX 5-U OC 31 m1@?-I1-1 ZC-1 U, LQZ 1 OI 7070-170 1201- -I Z0 3 5 ZW 7000? QW 1 3 Zn I5 ??32m 03; W0 5 -I EITI O6 FU TI 9 1 05 RQEQZE ON5 Wgm-C07 >2 mm gm m?E 01 Q11 _Ugg Z-1--0w0 - ZZ -1 mam Owwgg 1 mW mg FEQQ Q1 WQ Q10 2 - 1-W1 Um mm 5 WQUHEZ >? 3 2; 5 1| _giogw ?mZUg? 4 wg O20 QQ Ogzgoi -?2200 90" 3 6 30 ?I1?j"2 "gg 35321 11 QQU, 1, we 1 fo-111 mm 11; 101123 5151 SEEQMW 300% au x33 w?I-w1' 1; >OWmw 1W- A Wm -ZmmmQ;m_0wo> im" 01 ww Z0Z0- 1 W-2 00 3050- pw- 2 DU DU I1 3020 112 AWWFQ IQI CI ~1 gg gg 5 mwZ~?> owm Em JU -|70 Cf) '-TC-A4-BR-DWG CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS THESE ARE TYPICAL ACTUAL SITE CONDITI I NS MAY VARY FROM THE SITE GRAPHICALLY REPRESENTED AEFCEQTIZCE TEWIJTISVDSEESEIWE GATE TO BF A OPENED ONLY DURING VEHICLE CROSSING TOP OF BANK STEEL FLUMES Liga-B ROCK SCOUR FLOW Aigz?w PROTECTION FLOW wma Ewa, (AS NEEDED) - - - SU RIP-RAP OR TOP OF FENCE SANDBAG A BANK USE ROCK CORDUROY OR TIMBER MATS (AS NEEDED) TO FORM STABLE APPROACH ROADS EXTENDING BACK FROM THE EDGE OF THE WATERCOURSE FLUMES MIN 6, TOP OF MINSPACING WIDTH 5 DIA. SECTION A-A TOP OF PIPE TO BE LONG ENOUGH BANK FOR STABLE FILL SLOPES FLOW FLOW INSTALL PIPE ON STREAMBED SECTION B-B CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES: 5 THE FOLLOWING IS A SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION AND PROCEDURES MEASURES TO BE FOLLOWED AT ALL TEMPORARY FLUME VEHICLE CROSSINGS I- I: 1. A PORTABLE OR TEMPORARY BRIDGE MAY BE SUBSTITUTED FOR THE TEMPORARY FLUME CROSSING. 2. THE LENGTH OF THE FLUME SHALL BE SUFFICIENT TO SPAN THE ENTIRE AREA REQUIRED FOR VEHICULAR ACCESS, EXTENDING 4 FEET BEYOND TOE OF FILL MATERIAL, SO TRENCHING WILL NOT AFFECT THE ROAD CROSSING. A LONGER PIPE IS TO BE USED, IF NEEDED, TO MAINTAIN 5 STABLE SIDE SLOPES. FLUME CAPACITY TO BE BASED ON THE 2-YEAR DESIGN FLOW OR MAXIMUM FLOW ANTICIPATED TO OCCUR DURING DC INSTALLATION, AS SPECIFIED IN CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS. 3. WHERE PRACTICAL, BACKFILL AROUND THE PIPES AT THE ROAD WITH CLEAN, COARSE ROCK FILL MATERIAL. IF SCOUR IS POSSIBLE, RIP-RAP IS TO BE PLACED ON THE WATERBODY BED OF THE PIPE OUTLET EXTENDING A MINIMUM OF TWO PIPE DIAMETERS. S2 ALTERNATIVELY, TIMBER EQUIPMENT MATS, SAND BAGS OR TIMBER CORDUROY MAY BE USED TO FORM THE TRAVEL SURFACE. I 4. TO REDUCE DEBRIS ENTERING THE WATERBODY FROM EQUIPMENT TRACKS, THE APPROACH ROAD LEADING TO THE CULVERT CROSSING MUST 2 BE RAISED AND STABLE SO EQUIPMENT LOADS ARE SUPPORTED A SUFFICIENT DISTANCE BACK FROM THE WATER. IF CUTS ARE NEEDED TO OBTAIN A SATISFACTORY GRADE, THEY ARE TO BE DUO WITH SIDE DITCHES AND STABLE SLOPES. EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES ARE TO BE INSTALLED TO LIMIT THE POTENTIAL FOR SEDIMENT TO ENTER THE WATERBODY (E.G., CHECK DAMS, SILT FENCE, RIP-RAP, SEED AND MULCH, SEDIMENT TRAPS, ETC.). 5. PERIODICALLY CHECK THE TEMPORARY CROSSING INSTALLATION AND REMOVE ANY BUILD-UP OF SEDIMENT OR DEBRIS ON THE BRIDGE. DISPOSE OF THIS MATERIAL AT LEAST IOO FEET FROM THE WATERBODY AND ABOVE THE HIGH WATER LEVEL. 6. FOLLOWING COMPLETION OF THE CROSSING, REMOVE ROCKFILL AROUND FLUME PIPES FROM THE WATERBODY OR WETLAND. 7. RESTORE STREAM BANKS AND WATERBODY BOTTOM. 5 DESIGNER KEYSTONE XL PROJECT Transcanada FIA 4359 CHAINAGE: DISCIPLINE In business to deliver exp Energy Sen/ices Inc. TITLE II +1.850.385.5441 |fI +1.850.385.5523 1 7 TYPICAL FLUME BRIDGE CROSSING 5?fhaSSe?'FL323?8 CHECKED BY: DESIGN CHECKER: SCALE DWG N0 P7100 . TIT. S. 3" 4 CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL I-I-I I 3 I _1111 I-I'Ei -II-FI (D I I I-E-I TC-A4-BR-DWG CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS REVISIONS 2010-10-11 BLOCK 3591-\ 3* rr -I 3mi`< Sm 3?f>>U3 S: if" 2 .002 0 0.01-' QQ (D 5-"ommw ww O-1 -1 z1"'1C1'1'1 70; 13 - 0 ZVFIZKFUIU SU Z5 OU) 1 rn wg -15151; >Zm1- FWOZDQ 70 Q30 (U 81- PU 1"'1 cn 3 Qi" omwz Z-'1-jig" 5 0 5' 113 @1311 11 313 qt PUZC .1 3 3 rn-11?U, 4; 3233; 01 ff) LO 5U 70300 1- 1: 1-1-10 0 'n 32 Q23 2 :Woo SU on 3 mm vow; I- :0 -1 -1 ;0"r-12 ZUZ -1 01 03,0 cn Og/10 I 5' OI QQ 011100 U3 15 wr'-1$ JU I :nom 3 -15" OE- 9 mmTC-A4-BR-DWG CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS REVISIONS 2008-11-04 UPDATED DRAWING NOTES 2010-10-11 REVISED TITLE BLOCK I I g?ggqg mo? 211 353-5 5; gag' 7? E30 2 11-1111-1 2 un cn-1 cn Un 5_1 20010) w-T. Ox OI- -I S?l-.1131 $512 JU "1 no if- QZFI-I-I -1- -I 00 2 rn mzf/UI -100 w-I- rn;-5 15 2 115\;5Jf?wgIJ" U) O-I OIXJUO FU A I mgvi 1-1 V7 Tl 1-Um SU 1 FU 70 rv0-13 5" F3 I - 171111 1 1 rn 2 _1zU'f';u WC -IWC NQ (I) 7030 C) 00 In-| (L) if- C) WX -I 2-DQ 1111 -I- QU 1- I 3> OZ- U-1-1-1m 5' -1 (Q 00> ;Zg%gz"g> 0 119, 3- wg -11 9 E- Ugm-1-1 1457\/vs vs/Q 01 -1 Wo-17090 1- /000 A 1 3 PU 0 9 ZQEO-1 yvs/ OO U) 0 U5-I-Q/s\ PU 3> 1- - -I Q1-1CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS REVISIONS 2008-11-O4 UPDATED DRAWING NOTES 2010-10-11 REVISED TITLE BLOCK I I EI no oo \Iow 353-5 Q.cf>O'U Q-Iz?g I- I -I Mr iw 2m>-_bog MID an-$3 Z1-I 2 201 FUQU 17 JU JU wommEQIVT 5 3 @1520 2?Xg? qw mag Q, 3 9| ZUCII(C)owO,_ -Im 00 I I-I-?>2mz MI 2 I . I-I?qm, EI -.-, c>g? 20 "Emi U1 iwFUEI |332 420 gl-]ZUUIQ mug9232ZITI I-ICADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL THESE ARE TYPICAL ACTUAL SITE CONDITI NS MAY VARY FROM THE SITE GRAPHICALLY REPRESENTED. WIDTH OF EXISTING ROAD OR RAILROAD ROW. CROSSING RIRE TO TO RICHT-OE-WAY (MIN) Of OD MARKER MARKER git' g|@N SIGN (apr CLEAR FENCE LINE HORIZONTALLY BY 2" MIN. OF ROAD ff L5 Rf 0 6 GRADE IOP LINE HEAVY WALL CROSSING PIPE HEAVY CROSSING PIPE LINE 3 PIPE (SEE NOTE 4) (SEE NOTE 4) PIPE DORE ANNULUS TO BE NO LARGER THAN 1" cg GREATER THAN COATED LINE PIPE 2 2 I A 1. CROSSINCS SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE PERMIT. 2. ROAD CROSSING RIRE SHALL AT MINIMUM TO RIGHT-OF-WAY LINE UNLESS OTHERWISE SRECIEIED. 5. THE TYPE AND MINIMUM REQUIRED LENGTH OF PIPE EOR CROSSINCS OF ROADS SHALL BE AS SPECIFIED ON ALICNMENT SHEETS. 4. PIPE FOR DORED CROSSINCS TO INCLUDE ADRASION-RESISTANT (ARD) COATINC. 5 5. PIPELINE MARKER AND TEST STATIONS TO BE ON LINE NEXT TO FENCE IF 1 ROSSIDLE. 0. THE CROSSING PIPE SHALL BE STRAIGHT WITH NO VERTICAL OR HORIZONTAL DENDS WITHIN ROAD 7. MINIMUM PIPELINE IN DRAINAGE AT PUBLIC ROADS IS S0 36 INCHES IN 5 ROCK. 5 rans ana a A 4 If 1359 - JMR 2010-10-21 TITLE 1300Me4Qp0.IIanB.vd TYPICAL UNCASED CROSSING BORE DETAIL Tallaha FL 32308 USA . >>--exp-com I A WSF RW PAQO DWG NO 4359-O3-ML-O3-717 CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS \/4;/ifdfflifidg 47"irgg$2/ffm X111 l' lg, "1 IQ 8 "fmj gy]/wrr-TC-A4-BR-DWG CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS THESE ARE TYPICAL ACTUAL SITE CONDITI 0 NS MAY VARY FROM TH SITE GRAPHICALLY REPRESENTED 5/16" CLAY FINAL CABLE BACKFILL GRADE HLTERCLOTH 6 EI 5 WILLOWS 5/16 FINAL (OPTIONAL) CABLE (S/vs/ws I I I 1 BANK I 1 BANK WATERLINE LOCS TO BE KEYED INTO BANK I- <12 3 NOTES: A 1. LOC WALLS TO BE CONSTRUCTED USING 3 2. NATURE OR LOOSE GRADE SHOULD BE USED AS FILL 5. ANCHOR OR DEADMAN ANCHORS TO BE USED TO SECURE CABLE IN BANK. U) 4. FILTER CLOTH (NYLEX C34 OR TO BE USED TO LOG WALL. 5 5. SPECIFICATIONS TO BE MODIFIED AS NECESSARY TO ACTUAL CONDITIONS. rans ana a . /n 4559 exp Energy Services Inc. TITLE II +1.850.385.5441 1300Metr0p0Iit@nBIvd STREAMBANK RECLAMATION - LOGWALL A WSE RW PAQO DWG NO 4359-O5-ML-O5-711 8.5X1 1 CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS REVISIONS 00541-04 NQTES 2010-10-11 REVISED TITLE BLOCK :fha 11333 S|-Om?zo 0? rn (/7595 |/am grwgQ>3m2;3Z@jQf 11?14 |-4;/wA CD 1 (N I ;Uj> E92 3552 rv|22 |11 ` -I-I P1 P1 SU Zu; Uwwimr_m "wmv -Fn' TC-A4-BR-DWG CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS THESE ARE TYPICAL ACTUAL SITE CONDITI 0 NS MAY VARY FROM THE SITE GRAPHICALLY REPRESENTED DRAIN (IF NECESSARY) SKID PADS EXIT (CLEAN) STABLE SURFACE PRESSURE 1- 1 WASHER II I Eh CLEANING PAD A 5| A i ENTRY (DIRTY) PLAN I I: 3 COARSE GRANULAR FILL FILTER (IF REQUIRED) FABRIC D5 4) +1 9 SKIDS SECTION A-A 5 WASH STATION NOTES: 1. ALL EQUIPMENT AND VEHICLES ARE REQUIRED TO BE CLEANED AT WASH STATION LOCATIONS SHOWN ON THE CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS OR AS DIRECTED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTOR. WASH STATIONS WILL BE CONSTRUCTED BY THE CONTRACTOR. WASHINGS WILL BE CARRIED OUT UNDER THE SUPERVISION AND TO SATISFACTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL INSPECTOR. 2. WASH WATER USED FOR CLEANING WILL NOT BE ALLOWED TO ENTER ANY WATERBODY, WETLAND, OR IRRIGATION ANY SOILS CONTAMINATED BY PETROLEUM-BASED, OR OTHER UNDESIRABLE MATERIALS FROM WASH STATIONS BE REMOVED. 3. THE SIZE OF STATION WILL BE ADEQUATE TO ACCOMMODATE THE MAXIMUM SIZE OF EQUIPMENT EXPECTED. 4. EQUIPMENT WILL CONSISTENTLY ENTER THE AND EXIT THE 5. STABLE DRAINAGE FROM THE WILL BE PROVIDED (IF NECESSARY). NO DISCHARGE TO STREAMS OR WETLANDS WILL BE ALLOWED. U, 6. WASH STATIONS BE EQUIPPED WITH SKID PADS OR WASH RACKS TO PREVENT SOIL FROM BEING CARRIED ON TRACKS OR TIRES AS 5 EQUIPMENT AND EXIT THE WASH STATION. SKIDS ARE TO BE CLEANED EACH TIME A PIECE OF EQUIPMENT IS CLEANED. 5 7. GRAVEL FILL (IF REQUIRED) AND FILTER FABRIC WILL BE REMOVED AND DISPOSED OF IN AN ACCEPTABLE LAND FILL. B. THE DEPRESSION WILL BE BACKFILLED BERMED MATERIAL. 9. CLEANING SITES WILL BE MONITORED DURING THE POST CONSTRUCTION MONITORING PROGRAM AND WEEDS WILL BE CONTROLLED PER THE NOXIOUS WEED MANAGEMENT PLAN. U7 Ir KEYSTONE XL PROJECT fans ana a FIA DISCIPLINE If 4359 . TIT exp Energy SGFVICGS Inc. LE I: +1.850.385.5441 EQUIPMENT WASH STATION DETAIL 5?fhaSSe?'FL323?8 CHECKED BY: DESIGN CHECKER. SCALE DWG No REV RW P7100 4359-O3-ML-O5-714 O2 TC-A4-BR-DWG CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS THESE ARE TYPICAL ACTUAL SITE CONDITI 0 NS MAY VARY FROM THE SITE GRAPHICALLY REPRESENTED 1_ POTENTIAL LOCATIONS WHERE TRIPLE DITCH CONSERVATION MAY BE COMPLETED ARE SHOWN ON THE SHEETS. KEYSTONE WILL DIRECT THE ACTUAL LOCATIONS WHERE TRIPLE DITCH WILL BE COMPLETED DURING, OR IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO, TOPSOILING THE ROW. KEYSTONE MAY MODIFY TRIPLE DITCH PROCEDURES FROM THOSE DESCRIBED HERE TO ADDRESS OR CONDITIONS. 2~ STRIP HORIZON) ACCORDING TO THE HORIZON DEPTHS AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS SHOWN ON CONSTRUCTION SHEETS. PLACE HORIZON IN THE ADDITIONAL TEMPORARY WORKSPACE OR THE WITHIN THE WORKING SIDE OF THE CONSTRUCTION IN AREAS OF HORIZON MAY BE TO BOTH SIDES OF THE REMOVE HORIZON (ZND DITCH) TO DEPTHS SPECIFIED BY KEYSTONE AND ON THE HORIZON SHOULD BE REMOVED IN A AT LEAST 20 FEET WIDE OVER THE TRENCH TO ALLOW EOR STORACE OF THE TRENCH MATERIALS. A OF 2 FEET BETWEEN HORIZON AND - ATWS I CONSTRUCTION RIGHT-OF-WAY I 25' I I ALTERNATIVE I E1 gg OPTION DEPTH OF gi A 1 A gl GRADE SIDE WORK SIDE I I 5 ff 3. TRENCH. ENSURE THE DIFFERENT SOIL HORIZON AND 3 HORIZON) ARE IN SEPARATE THE VISUAL DISTINCTION OF EACH MUST BE AT ALL THE SHALL ALLOW FOR 5 RE-PLACEMENT OF THE SOIL HORIZONS BACK TO ORIGINAL SEQUENCE I1 WITHOUT LOSS OF SOIL. A OF 2 FEET BETWEEN HORIZON 3 AND HORIZON I 3 I I I ATWS CONSTRUCTION MCH ALTERNATIVE I OPTION oi 3: DEPTH SIDE WORK SIDE DESIGNER KEYSTONE XL PROJECT fans ana a FIA fo I 4359 - 2010-I0-21 exp Energy SGFVICGS Inc. 67 CONSERVATION DITCH 32308 CHECKED BY: DESIGN CHECKER: STRIPPING TRIPLE DITCH SCALE DWG No RW P7100 4359-O3-ML-O5-724 CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS LABELS 2010-10-08 a 2010-10-11 T1TLE 131_0c1< I cn w11\10R0w 9? w11\10R0w F.-, w11\10R0w 'rf'1 01 9 -1 111 rn TC-A4-BR-DWG CADD DRAWING: DO NOT MAKE MANUAL REVISIONS TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute August 31, 2012 !""#$%&'() *+#,-#$./(0#$#,123,(!&,(4#,+&2(*'#+"2&3$(5#22#, AECOM 1601 Prospect Parkway Fort Collins, Colorado 80525 970-493-8878 970-493-0213 tel fax ! July 27, 2012 AECOM Project No. 60138685 Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality 1200 "N" Street, Suite 400 P.O. Box 98922 Lincoln, Nebraska 68509 Subject: Small Emergency Generator Installation Notification Keystone XL Pipeline Project TransCanada U.S. Pipelines Dear Reviewer: On behalf of TransCanada U.S. Pipelines (TransCanada), AECOM Environment is sending notification of the twenty emergency generators TransCanada is planning to construct and operate at the following pump station and mainline valve stations along the Keystone XL Pipeline in Nebraska: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Valve Station MLV-24; Valve Station CK-MLV-25; Valve Station MLV-26; Valve Station CK-MLV-27; Valve Station MLV-27A; Pump Station 22; Valve Station MLV-28; Valve Station MLV-28A; Pump Station 23; Valve Station MLV-29; ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Valve Station MLV-30; Pump Station 24; Valve Station MLV-31; Valve Station CK-MLV-32; Valve Station MLV-33; Valve Station CK-MLV-34; Pump Station 25; Valve Station MLV-35; Valve Station MLV-35A; and Pump Station 26. Each of the above sites will contain one emergency generator only operated during times of power interruption. Based on our understanding, under NAC 129.5.002.02D, none of the twenty generators are required to obtain Nebraska air quality permits due to due to their intended purpose as emergency equipment used only under instances of power loss. If you have any questions or require additional information, please contact one of the undersigned via the contact information provided. Sincerely, Christopher Driscoll Air Quality Engineer Tel. (970) 530-3463 christopher.driscoll@aecom.com Thomas Damiana Air Quality Engineer/Meteorologist Tel. (970) 530-3465 thomas.damiana@aecom.com To enhance and sustain the world's built, natural and social environments! ! ! ! ! ! ! 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M &12%3&LF%&'()%&*NN6)27KA.&]&12%3&JC"F2<;)$C"&*#(37KA.&R&12%3&4%()$"#&5(32%&*6)27#(3.&7&/:H&*6)27NN6)2. >& 6(F%X&C"P$%A&0&!RK(2F)&!<$FF$C"&T)("X(AXF&@CA&S::8&&!&,-&^&/0:&*M:&J1'&IU?//S9&P(+3%&/. &&!<$FF$C"&@(B)CA&@CA&QOR&(FF2<%X&)C&+%&/::_&C@&)K%&P$%A&0&%<$FF$C"&@(B)CA&@CA&QOR&`&QN4J &&!<$FF$C"&@(B)CA&@CA&5OJ&(FF2<%X&)C&+%&S>_&C@&)K%&P$%A&0&%<$FF$C"&@(B)CA&@CA&QOR&`&QN4J S& H &!1TOS&*#7,-DKA.&]&12%3&JC"F2<;)$C"&*#(37KA.&7&!"#$"%&'()$"#&*,-.&R&12%3&E%"F$)G&*3+7#(3.&R&M>0?>US08&*#73+.&R&T23@2A&JC")%")&*=)?&@A(B)$C".&R&N- &7&N-T& TOS VN&$F&BC"F$X%A%X&)C&+%&/::_&VNS?>&CA&#A%()%A I& 6(F%X&C"&P(+3%&/?0D/:&@AC<&[VDMS9&1$@)K&!X$)$C"? U &6(F%X&C"&P(+3%&0?0DS&@AC<&[VDMS9&1$@)K&!X$)$C"?&QC&(\($3(+3%&%<$FF$C"&@(B)CA&@CA&"DK%R("%&CA&%)KG3+%"Y%"%? /: &a4a&%<$FF$C"&@(B)CAF&)(,%"&@AC<&S::U&[<%A$B("&V%)AC3%2<&b"F)$)2)%&a4a&JC<;%"X$2<&P(+3%F&MD0&("X&MD>9&*[Vb9&S::U.9&A%;A%F%")&)K%&W45 //& !1*#7K;DKA.]&!1[Vb*)C""%F7NN6)2.&R&SS:M?HSSH*3+7)C""%.&R&8:::*6)27K;DKA.&R&M>0?>U*#73+.&R&/?0M:>&*K;7,-.&7&/:::::: /S &a3C+(3&-(A<$"#&VC)%")$(3F&*a-V.&)(,%"&@AC<&S::U&[<%A$B("&V%)AC3%2<&b"F)$)2)%&a4a&JC<;%"X$2<9&*[Vb9&S::U.9&P(+3%&0D/9&LQ1JJJ9&S::S&5(32%F 8& !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! EMERGENCY GENERATOR (IMLV) DATA SHEET 1 CLIENT TransCanada Pi elines Limited PROJECT Ke stone XL Oil Pi eline SPEC. NO. MANUFACTURER Generac Power Systems SERIAL NO, SITE CONDITIONS ALT (ft) Less than 3300 RELATIVE HUMIDITY OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE INDOOR TEMPERATURE LOCATION INDOOR TROPICAL CORROSIVE GASES ATM PRESS (psigOUTDOOR DUST OTHER WIND BLOWN DUST DEBRIS DUTY PRIME POWER STANDBY POWER OUTPUT RATING (Note 1) 2 0.80 2 VA VOLTAGE REGULATION OUTPUT THD LEVEL i- 1% as per STD LESS THAN 5% i14?/0 FREQUENCY REGULATION TELEPHONE INFLUENCE FACTOR (TIF) ISOCHRONOUS NOT TO EXCEED 50 EI 1 3% (droop) MAXIMUM VOLTAGE DIP TAG NO. Note 4 SERVICE MODEL I NO. REQUIRED ELECTRIC 24 as per STD ll BATTERY CHARGER as per STD I 12 PNEUMATIC AIR NATURAL GAS MIN SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi) ENGINE ACCESSORIES (optional) VIBRATION SWITCH (engine) HIGH VIBRATION SWITCH (cooler) HIGH OIL LEVEL SWITCH - LOW OIL TEMPERATURE SWITCH - HIGH COOLANT LEVEL SWITCH - LOW EXHAUST TEMPERATURE SWITCH HIGH BEARING TEMPERATURE SWITCH - HIGH GLOW PLUGS vo er to Specification OTHER ENGINE REQUIREMENTS STARTING SYSTEM SHT OF 5 I I >>CAPACITY 8; PERFORMANCE LINE PIPE SCH RATED VOLTAGE LARGEST MOTOR to be STARTED 6.5 inrush GENERATOR RATINGS ENGINE VOLTAGE (V phase) PH TYPE FREQUENCY (Hz) 60Hz I DIESEL NATURAL GAS INSULATION CLASS CLASS as per STD FUEL CLASS EJ DIESEL NO. 1 I DIESEL NO. 2 (Vendor to confirm) RATED TEMPERATURE RISE NATURAL GAS #2 Diesel recommended 144 op SUPPLY PRESSURE (psi) 189 over 104 MINIMUM HEAT VALUE PRIME POWER DUTY LINE PIPE SCH I STANDBY DUTY SPEED STANDBY DUTY WINDING CONNECTION MAX 1800 RPM as per STD WYE, 4 WIRE as per STD EI I SINGLE PHASE, 3 WIRE PRIME POWER ENCLOSURE MAX 1200 RPM as per STD A I3 OPEN DRIP- PROOF as per STD IJ TOTALLY ENCLOSED PAN COOLED COOLING VENDORS SELECTION WINDING TEMPERATURE DETECTORS I SET MOUNTED RADIATOR RTDS, 100 OHM PLATINUM per phase SET MOUNTED RADIATOR, EXTENDED SKID THERMISTORS per phase if] REMOTE MOUNTED RADIATOR with ELECTRIC FAN EI EI CURRENT BOOST COOLANT EI REQUIRED as per STD (300% raied curreni) 50~ 50 GLYCOL- WATER, CLOSED SYSTEM NOT REQUIRED EI ?1 JOB NO. 08E4490 REV DESCRIPTION DATE BY CHKD APPR E3 7-Ju)-11 Rs YESOUTCES gl 28_Jun_1,? 7 - Worley Parsons DATA SHEET NO- if EMERGENCY GENERATOR QINILV) DATA SHEET SHT 2 OF 5 1' CLIENT TransCanada Pi elines Limited 2 PROJECT Keystone XL OII Pigeline TAG NO. Note 4 3 FABR. SPEC SERVICE 4 5 GENERATOR ACCESSORIES ENGINE PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS 5 I SPACE HEATER (wait/V I phase) ?Note 1) I 120V I 1 PH I OVERSPEED I ALARM I SD 7 EI I OVERCRANK (FAIL TO START) I ALARM I SD 8 EI I FAEL TO CRANK I ALARM SD 9 EI CRANKING LOCKOUT ALARM SD 10 OTHER GENERATOR REQUIREMENTS I HIGH COOLANT TEMPERATURE I ALARM I SD 11 I LOW COOLANT TEMPERATURE I ALARM El SD 12 I LOW COOLANT LEVEL I ALARM I SD 13 I LOW LUBE OIL PRESSURE I ALARM I SD 14 I HIGH LUEE OIL TEMPERATURE I ALARM SD 15 CONTROL POWER SOURCE I HIGH AND LOW BATTERY VOLTAGE I ALARM SD 16 I SUPPLIED by OTHERS (V) 120V I BATTERY FAIL I ALARM EI SD 11 El I FUEL LEAK DETECTION I ALARM Ei SD 18 PARALLEL OPERATION I LOW FUEL LEVEL I ALARM SD 19 I NOT REQUIRED GENERATOR PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS 20 PARALLEL OPERATION with UTILITY HIGH WINDING TEMPERATURE ALARM EI SD 21 PARALLEL OPERATION with other GENERATOR SETS I OVER AND UNDER VOLTAGE I ALARM I SD 22 EI MANUAL OVER AND UNDER FREQUENCY I ALARM I SD 23 AUTOMATIC I OVERCURRENT AND SHORT CIRCUIT I ALARM I SD 24 I REVERSE POWER I ALARM I SD 25 ELI I EXCITATION FAULT I ALARM I SD 26 I OVERLOAD I ALARM EI SD 27 I GROUND FAULT I ALARM I SD 28 CONTROL PANEL I GENERATOR RUNNING I STATUS 29 I ENGINE GENERATOR CONTROLS IN COMMON PANEL SUPPLIED BY I GENERATOR IN AUTO I STATUS 30 I VENDOR I Skid Mognted I GENERATOR BREAKER STATUS STATUS 31 WALL MOUNT FREE STANDING I GENERATOR DISABLE I STATUS 32 I NEMA TYPE 3R OTHER DEVICES 33 ENGINE CONTROLS IN SEPARATE PANEL SUPPLIED BY El CONTROLS 34 VENDOR E3 I VOLTAGE REGULATOR INote 1) TYPE ?Note 1) 35 WALL MOUNT I3 FREE STANDING CURRENT BOOST 36 EI NEMA TYPE PTS QTY RATIO 37 EI GENERATOR CONTROLS IN SEPARATE PANEL SUPPLIED BY CTS QTY - RATIO 38 VENDOR EI I GENERATOR CIRCUIT BREAKER (As per 25472-1 O0-3PS-MGED-W0001) 39 WALL MOUNT FREE STANDING LOCATION Note 1 40 NEMA TYPE TYPE Note 1 41 EI SIZE Note 1 42 VENDOR I TRANSFER SWITCH (AS per 25472-100-3PS-ENTO-W0001) 43 EI WALL MOUNT CI FREE STANDING PRIME POWER UNITS 44 NEMA TYPE FAILSAFE DESIGN as per STD 45 FIRST OUT INDICATION CI NON- FAILSAFE 46 I MANUFACTURER STANDARD AUTOMATIC CRANK CYCLES seconds each 48 49 I3 50 PANEL DEVICES 51 I AUTO SELECTOR SWITCH 52 I ALARM I SHUTDOWN RESET SWITCH OTHER GENERATOR REQUIREMENTS 53 I SPEED ADJUST CONTROL 54 I ENGINE COOLDOWN TIMER 55 I VOLTMETER SELECTOR SWITCH 56 I AMMETER SELECTOR SWITCH 57 I FREQUENCY METER 58 I RUN TIME METER 59 I RS485 MODBUS SERIAL PORT 60 EI WINDING TEMPERATURE TNDICATOR 61 If] VOLTAGE ADJUST JOB N0- 08124490 Worley Parsons DATA SHEET NO. 1 8* File: GENRATOR COPYRIGHT (C) 1994 VER 1.1 29JAN9B Generac Generac 390 20 12.5 0.28 X X 0.16 Bolted to generator Under Generator Generator Built into control panel software Generac Built into control panel software 4500 1.5 110 725 2.8 Mounted to skid frame 4 hour certified factory load test at 100% of rated load. Certified test report provided Belt driven X Heat rejection to coolant 1208 BTU Generac/KMC BKMCL2.39A44 4 X X 4 90mm / 3.54 in 94mm / 3.70 in 2.4L 93 1/4 in 51 1.13 1/4 in 132 4500cfm/7647 m3/hr 2.8 1.5 X X X 1 Heavy Duty 700CCA 12v Alternator tropical coating & heat strips for humid locations. Oil pan heater for cold loacations 12v DC enclosure lights with timer switch -l -.11 3 .., 1 1i3230 I er Systems .Ta Li- Generac Generac 390 100 125 X x 0.21 0.13 Bolted to Generator Under generator Generac Built ionto controller software Generac Built into controller software 1.5 hg / 5.1 kpa 885 4.0 885 Mounted to skid frame 4 hour certified factory load test at 100% of rated load. Certified test report provided Belt driven X Heat rejection to coolant 2387 BTU 7900 cfm / 223.7 m3 /hr 12.2 X Generac/IVECO FPT BVEXL6.7DGB 4 ` X 1.5 152 6 104mm/4.09 in 128mm / 5.20 in 7.3 1/4 in 1/4 in 693 6.7L 164 Std diesel 15/w40 X X 1 Heavy Duty 925 CCA 12v .Alternatortropical coating and heat strips for humid locations Oil pan heater for cold loacations DC lights in enclosure with timer switch 100-r:l:1 - -ui- - 4. (111 . - 0 . . . otg; 95 693 145 53 124 5995 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICE OF TRANSPORTATION AND AIR QUALITY WASHINGTON, DC 20460 CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMITY 2011 MODEL YEAR Manufacturer: Engine Family: Certificate Number: Intended Service Class: Fuel Type: FELs: g/kW-hr Effective Date: Date Issued: KUKJE MACHINERY CO., EPA MNFR:1700 BKMCL2.39A44 KMC-NRCI-11-09 NR 4 (37-75) DIESEL NMHC + NOx: N/A NOx: N/A PM: N/A 1/26/2011 1/26/2011 Karl J. Simon, Director Compliance and Innovative Strategies Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality Pursuant to Section 213 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. section 7547) and 40 CFR Part 1039, and subject to the terms and conditions prescribed in those provisions, this certificate of conformity is hereby issued with respect to the test engines which have been found to conform to applicable requirements and which represent the following nonroad engines, by engine family, more fully described in the documentation required by 40 CFR 1039 and produced in the stated model year. This certificate of conformity covers only those nonroad compression-ignition engines which conform in all material respects to the design specifications that applied to those engines described in the documentation required by 40 CFR Part 1039 and which are produced during the model year stated on this certificate of the said manufacturer, as defined in 40 CFR Part 1039. It is a term of this certificate that the manufacturer shall consent to all inspections described in 40 CFR Part 1068 and authorized in a warrant or court order. Failure to comply with the requirements of such a warrant or court order may lead to a revocation or suspension of this certificate for reasons specified in 40 CFR Part 1039. It is also a term of this certificate that this certificate may be revoked or suspended or rendered void ab initio for other reasons specified in 40 CFR Part 1039. This certificate does not cover nonroad engines sold, offered for sale, or introduced, or delivered for introduction, into commerce in the U.S. prior to the effective date of the certificate. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICE OF TRANSPORTATION AND AIR QUALITY WASHINGTON, DC 20460 CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMITY 2011 MODEL YEAR Manufacturer: Engine Family: Certificate Number: Intended Service Class: Fuel Type: FELs: Effective Date: Date Issued: IVECO S.P.A. BVEXL06.7DGB VEX-STNRCI-11-15 NR 5 (75-130) DIESEL NMHC + NOx: N/A 11/23/2010 11/23/2010 NOx: N/A PM: N/A Karl J. Simon, Director Compliance and Innovative Strategies Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality Pursuant to Section 111 and Section 213 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. sections 7411 and 7547) and 40 CFR Part 60 and Part 89, and subject to the terms and conditions prescribed in those provisions, this certificate of conformity is hereby issued with respect to the test engines which have been found to conform to applicable requirements and which represent the following stationary engines, by engine family, more fully described in the documentation required by 40 CFR Part 60 and 89, and produced in the stated model year. This certificate of conformity covers only those new stationary compression-ignition engines which conform in all material respects to the design specifications that applied to those engines described in the documentation required by 40 CFR Part 60 and 89 and which are produced during the model year stated on this certificate of the said manufacturer, as defined in 40 CFR Part 60. It is a term of this certificate that the manufacturer shall consent to all inspections described in 40 CFR 89.129-96 and 89.506-96 and authorized in a warrant or court order. Failure to comply with the requirements of such a warrant or court order may lead to a revocation or suspension of this certificate for reasons specified in 40 CFR Part 89. It is also a term of this certificate that this certificate may be revoked or suspended or rendered void ab initio for other reasons specified in 40 CFR Part 89. This certificate does not cover stationary engines sold, offered for sale, or introduced, or delivered for introduction, into commerce in the U.S. prior to the effective date of the certificate TransCanada Keystone XL Pipeline Project SER for the Nebraska Reroute August 31, 2012 !""#$%&'() *+,%#(-&.(/012(34##25( ( !"#$%&#$#'#( )*+%,-$*(./0*1/$*(2.( Light Oil Fact Sheet 1. Product and Company Identification !"#$%&'()*+,-(((((((((((Typical Light Oil ./0#0/+1-( 20',0$,$(31,-( 45,+6&*7(8*+67/-( 9"*01:#"',"-( Not Available Chemical feedstock Blend of Medium Crude and Synthetic Crude TransCanada Keystone Pipeline LP 450 - First Street S.W., P.O. Box 1000, Station M Calgary, Alberta, CANADA, T2P 4K6 =>?@@>A?B>CBBB(DBE(F#%"G( ( ;+,"<,0&/(!5#0,-( ( 2. Composition/Information on Ingredients F*H*"$#%1(20<",$6,0'1-( )*+, Crude Oil (Hydrocarbon C5 and C6 Rich) Hydrogen Sulfide Benzene Toluene Xylene 4I.J 9KI(D::+G 9KI(DL2000 mg/Kg. Toluene. LD50 Oral rat = 5000 mg/Kg. LC50 Inhalation rat = 8000 ppm for n4 hrs. LD50 Dermal rabbit = 14000 mg/Kg. August 2012 1 TransCanada Keystone Pipeline LP - Light OilFact Sheet 3. First Aid Measures !"#$%Flush eyes for at least 15 minutes with clean water. Patch lightly, allowing drainage. Seek medical attention. &'()$%Remove contaminated clothing. Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Seek medical attention ifirritation develops. *)+,-,.(/)%012#,.+()34$%Protect rescuer. Move exposed person to fresh air. If breathing has stopped apply artificial respiration. Seek medical attention. *)3#5.(/)%0&6,--/6()34$%If swallowed, do not induce vomiting or give liquids. Seek immediate medical attention. 4. Protective Clothing 7#58(2,./2"$%Respiratory protection may be required in poorly ventilated areas. Properly fitted air purifying masks equipped with organic vapour filters will provide protection at low concentrations. Air supplied respirators or positive pressure self contained breathing apparatus is required when atmospheric concentrations of hydrocarbon vapours are likely to exceed 10X the occupational exposure limit or when high concentrations of H2S may be present. &'()$%Impervious gloves and clothing should be worn as appropriate to protect against skin contact. Neoprene or nitrile material is suggested. !"#$%Non-vented chemical goggles to prevent eye irritation from the solvent vapours. 9.+#2$%As required by the situation according to your companies policies and procedures. Contact your supervisor for direction. 5. Physical Data :88#,2,);#$% <+"5(;,-%&.,.#$% 9=/>2$% ?,8/2%<2#55>2#%0@@%A34$% ?,8/2%B#)5(."$% 1/(-()3%G(-(."%()%H,.#2$% &8#;(I(;%J2,K(."$% <#2;#).%?/-,.(-#$% 8A%0LM%5/-)C6,.#24% 9=/2%N+2#5+/-=% D2##E()3%-,2%H#(3+.% F#-.()3%1 -90oC - 1100oC Not Available Not Available 0.82-0.90 (Water =1) 100 vol.% Not Applicable 0.13 ppm H2S Not Available Not Applicable Not available 820-900 !K,8/2,.(/)%7,.#%0)1>.:;PL4$%Not Available August 2012 2 TransCanada Keystone Pipeline LP - Light OilFact Sheet 6. Stability and Reactivity !"#$%&%"'()This product is stable *#+#,-./0)123.45.0%"%.6)7,.-/3"0()Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and irritant fumes and gases including sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides and aldehydes. *#+#,-./0)7.&'42,%+#"%.6()Will not occur 8#"2,%#&0)".)9:.%-);<63.45#"%$&2)8#"2,%#&0=()Strong acids, strong oxidizers, chlorine. 7. Toxicological Information >./"20).?)26",'()Ingestion, inhalation, eye contact, skin contact. @AB()TLV-TWA 100 PPM (525 mg/m3) for stoddard solvent from ACGIH. Hydrogen Sulfide: TWA: 10ppm, 14 mg/m3 ACGIH STEL: 2.5 ppm STEL ACGIH CEILING: 20 ppm, 28 mg/m3 Alberta OEL Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits. Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits. Benzene. TWA: (1ppm 3.2 mg/m3) STEL: 5.0 ppm (16 mg/m)3) from Alberta OEL's SKIN ACGIH (TLV) (United States) TWA 0.5 ppm. STEL 2.5 ppm (SKIN) @.C%3%"')".)#6%4#&0()Hydrocarbons C5 and C6 Rich LD50: Not available LC50: Not available Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) LC50 Inhalation Mouse = 673 ppm 1 hour LC50 Inhalation RAT = 444ppm for 4 hours >24#,D()No additional remark EF,.6%3)2??23"0()This product may contain benzene. Benzene has been classified by the international agency for research on cancer as a group 1 product indicating sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity. Studies exist which report a link to crude oil and reproductive effects including fetal tumors and menstrual disorders. This product contains small quantities of xylene. High exposure to xylene has fetotoxic effects in animal studies. This product contains small quantities of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons. Prolonged contact with these compounds has been associated with the induction of skin and lung tumours. >24#,D()No additional remark 93/"2)2??23"0()Sensitizing Capability: No effects known. Irritancy: Skin, eye and upper respiratory tract irritant. <6G20"%.6()Pulmonary aspiration hazard if swallowed and vomiting occurs. !D%6()Prolonged skin contact can cause defatting of the skin resulting in dry cracked skin and dermatitis. H'20()Eye contact with product or product vapours may result in eye irritation. <6F#&#"%.6()May cause headache, dizziness, loss of appetite and loss of consciousness. Product vapours are irritating to the respiratory tract. >24#,D()This product contains small quantities of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas which may collect in confined spaces. Acute effects vary with concentration of H2S released from mild eye, nose and throat irritation at approximately 100 ppm to sudden unconsciousness or death at 500 ppm. !'62,G%0"%3()Not available August 2012 3 TransCanada Keystone Pipeline LP - Light OilFact Sheet 8. Fire and Explosion !"#$%&'(&#&$()#*+,*-.#"-*/)Not available 01.23),$&(#2/)CLOSED CUP: -40?C (-40?F) 01.++.41*)5&+/)Not available 67#&('"&23&(')8*9&./)Use DRY chemicals, CO2, or foam to extinguish fire. Water may not be an effective medium to extinguish fire. Cool contained vessels with water jet in order to prevent pressure build-up, autoignition or explosion. :,*;&.1)<&-*)<&'3#&('),-$;*9"-*2/)Use supplied air or self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for large fires or for fires in enclosed areas. 01.++.4&1&#=/)Highly flammable liquid. Released vapours may form flammable/explosive mixtures at or above the flash point. Vapours may travel considerable distances to ignition sources and cause a flash fire. All storage containers and pumping equipment must be grounded. >&2?2)$<)*7,1$2&$(/)This material is sensitive to static discharge. This product is not sensitive to mechanical impact. 9. Preventative Measures @.2#*)A&2,$2.1/)Dispose of in accordance with all federal, provincial and local regulations. :#$-.'*/)Keep away from all ignition sources. Maintain temperature below the flash point. Head spaces in storage containers may contain hydrocarbon vapours and toxic hydrogen sulphide gas. B*(#&1.#&$(/)Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their respective threshold limit value. :,&11).(9)5*.?/)Evacuate unecessary personnel. Eliminate all ignition sources. Be alert to the potential for the presence of hydrogen sulphide gas and don appropriate protective equipment. Stop leak if safe to do so. Contain spill and absorb with inert absorbent. Large spills should be removed with explosion proof vacuum equipment. Large pools may be covered with foam to prevent vapour evolution. Comply with federal, provincial, and local requirements for spill notification. 10. Classification/Regulatory Information CAD)-$.9E-.&1/)TDG CLASS 3: Flammable liquid with a flash point less than or equal to 60.5?C (140.9?F). Closed cup tes method. FGH/)1267 - PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL @I8G:/)WHMIS CLASS B-2: Flammable liquid with a flash point lower than 37.8?C (100?F). WHMIS CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects (VERY TOXIC). WHMIS CLASS D-2B: Material causing other toxic effects (TOXIC). J#3*-/)This product is on the Domestic Substances List (DSL). TSCA (Toxic Substance Control Act): This product is listed on the TSCA Inventory. >*<*-)#$)<*9*-.1K)2#.#*K).(9)1$;.1)1*'&21.#&$()<$-)<"-#3*-)-*L"&-*+*(#2M! August 2012 4 ( !"#$%&#$#'#( )*+%,-$*(./0*1/$*(2.( Heavy Oil Fact Sheet 1. Product and Company Identification !"#$%&'()*+,-(((((((((((Typical Heavy Oil ./0#0/+1-( 20',0$,$(31,-( 45,+6&*7(8*+67/-( 9"*01:#"',"-( Not Available Chemical feedstock Blend of Heavy Petroleum Crude, Medium Crude and Synthetic Crude TransCanada Keystone Pipeline LP 450 - First Street S.W., P.O. Box 1000, Station M Calgary, Alberta, CANADA, T2P 4K6 =>?@@>A?B>CBBB(DBE(F#%"G( ( ;+,"<,0&/(!5#0,-( ( 2. Composition/Information on Ingredients F*H*"$#%1(20<",$6,0'1-( )*+, Crude Oil (Hydrocarbon C5 and C6 Rich) Hydrogen Sulfide Benzene Toluene Xylene 4I.J 9KI(D::+G 9KI(DL2000 mg/Kg. Toluene. LD50 Oral rat = 5000 mg/Kg. LC50 Inhalation rat = 8000 ppm for n4 hrs. LD50 Dermal rabbit = 14000 mg/Kg. August 2012 1 TransCanada Keystone Pipeline LP - Heavy Oil Fact Sheet 3. First Aid Measures !"#$%Flush eyes for at least 15 minutes with clean water. Patch lightly, allowing drainage. Seek medical attention. &'()$%Remove contaminated clothing. Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Seek medical attention ifirritation develops. *)+,-,.(/)%012#,.+()34$%Protect rescuer. Move exposed person to fresh air. If breathing has stopped apply artificial respiration. Seek medical attention. *)3#5.(/)%0&6,--/6()34$%If swallowed, do not induce vomiting or give liquids. Seek immediate medical attention. 4. Protective Clothing 7#58(2,./2"$%Respiratory protection may be required in poorly ventilated areas. Properly fitted air purifying masks equipped with organic vapour filters will provide protection at low concentrations. Air supplied respirators or positive pressure self contained breathing apparatus is required when atmospheric concentrations of hydrocarbon vapours are likely to exceed 10X the occupational exposure limit or when high concentrations of H2S may be present. &'()$%Impervious gloves and clothing should be worn as appropriate to protect against skin contact. Neoprene or nitrile material is suggested. !"#$%Non-vented chemical goggles to prevent eye irritation from the solvent vapours. 9.+#2$%As required by the situation according to your companies policies and procedures. Contact your supervisor for direction. 5. Physical Data :88#,2,);#$% <+"5(;,-%&.,.#$% 9=/>2$% ?,8/2%<2#55>2#%0@@%A34$% ?,8/2%B#)5(."$% 1/(-()3%G(-(."%()%H,.#2$% &8#;(I(;%J2,K(."$% <#2;#).%?/-,.(-#$% 8A%0LM%5/-)C6,.#24% 9=/2%N+2#5+/-=% D2##E()3%-,2%H#(3+.% F#-.()3%.:;PL4$%Not Available August 2012 2 TransCanada Keystone Pipeline LP - Heavy Oil Fact Sheet 6. Stability and Reactivity !"#$%&%"'()This product is stable *#+#,-./0)123.45.0%"%.6)7,.-/3"0()Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and irritant fumes and gases including sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides and aldehydes. *#+#,-./0)7.&'42,%+#"%.6()Will not occur 8#"2,%#&0)".)9:.%-);<63.45#"%$&2)8#"2,%#&0=()Strong acids, strong oxidizers, chlorine. 7. Toxicological Information >./"20).?)26",'()Ingestion, inhalation, eye contact, skin contact. @AB()TLV-TWA 100 PPM (525 mg/m3) for stoddard solvent from ACGIH. Hydrogen Sulfide: TWA: 10ppm, 14 mg/m3 ACGIH STEL: 2.5 ppm STEL ACGIH CEILING: 20 ppm, 28 mg/m3 Alberta OEL Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits. Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits. Benzene. TWA: (1ppm 3.2 mg/m3) STEL: 5.0 ppm (16 mg/m)3) from Alberta OEL's SKIN ACGIH (TLV) (United States) TWA 0.5 ppm. STEL 2.5 ppm (SKIN) @.C%3%"')".)#6%4#&0()Hydrocarbons C5 and C6 Rich LD50: Not available LC50: Not available Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) LC50 Inhalation Mouse = 673 ppm 1 hour LC50 Inhalation RAT = 444ppm for 4 hours >24#,D()No additional remark EF,.6%3)2??23"0()This product may contain benzene. Benzene has been classified by the international agency for research on cancer as a group 1 product indicating sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity. Studies exist which report a link to crude oil and reproductive effects including fetal tumors and menstrual disorders. This product contains small quantities of xylene. High exposure to xylene has fetotoxic effects in animal studies. This product contains small quantities of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons. Prolonged contact with these compounds has been associated with the induction of skin and lung tumours. >24#,D()No additional remark 93/"2)2??23"0()Sensitizing Capability: No effects known. Irritancy: Skin, eye and upper respiratory tract irritant. <6G20"%.6()Pulmonary aspiration hazard if swallowed and vomiting occurs. !D%6()Prolonged skin contact can cause defatting of the skin resulting in dry cracked skin and dermatitis. H'20()Eye contact with product or product vapours may result in eye irritation. <6F#&#"%.6()May cause headache, dizziness, loss of appetite and loss of consciousness. Product vapours are irritating to the respiratory tract. >24#,D()This product contains small quantities of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas which may collect in confined spaces. Acute effects vary with concentration of H2S released from mild eye, nose and throat irritation at approximately 100 ppm to sudden unconsciousness or death at 500 ppm. !'62,G%0"%3()Not available August 2012 3 TransCanada Keystone Pipeline LP - Heavy Oil Fact Sheet 8. Fire and Explosion !"#$%&'(&#&$()#*+,*-.#"-*/)Not available 01.23),$&(#2/)CLOSED CUP: -40?C (-40?F) 01.++.41*)5&+/)Not available 67#&('"&23&(')8*9&./)Use DRY chemicals, CO2, or foam to extinguish fire. Water may not be an effective medium to extinguish fire. Cool contained vessels with water jet in order to prevent pressure build-up, autoignition or explosion. :,*;&.1)<&-*)<&'3#&('),-$;*9"-*2/)Use supplied air or self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for large fires or for fires in enclosed areas. 01.++.4&1&#=/)Highly flammable liquid. Released vapours may form flammable/explosive mixtures at or above the flash point. Vapours may travel considerable distances to ignition sources and cause a flash fire. All storage containers and pumping equipment must be grounded. >&2?2)$<)*7,1$2&$(/)This material is sensitive to static discharge. This product is not sensitive to mechanical impact. 9. Preventative Measures @.2#*)A&2,$2.1/)Dispose of in accordance with all federal, provincial and local regulations. :#$-.'*/)Keep away from all ignition sources. Maintain temperature below the flash point. Head spaces in storage containers may contain hydrocarbon vapours and toxic hydrogen sulphide gas. B*(#&1.#&$(/)Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their respective threshold limit value. :,&11).(9)5*.?/)Evacuate unecessary personnel. Eliminate all ignition sources. Be alert to the potential for the presence of hydrogen sulphide gas and don appropriate protective equipment. Stop leak if safe to do so. Contain spill and absorb with inert absorbent. Large spills should be removed with explosion proof vacuum equipment. Large pools may be covered with foam to prevent vapour evolution. Comply with federal, provincial, and local requirements for spill notification. 10. Classification/Regulatory Information CAD)-$.9E-.&1/)TDG CLASS 3: Flammable liquid with a flash point less than or equal to 60.5?C (140.9?F). Closed cup tes method. FGH/)1267 - PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL @I8G:/)WHMIS CLASS B-2: Flammable liquid with a flash point lower than 37.8?C (100?F). WHMIS CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects (VERY TOXIC). WHMIS CLASS D-2B: Material causing other toxic effects (TOXIC). J#3*-/)This product is on the Domestic Substances List (DSL). TSCA (Toxic Substance Control Act): This product is listed on the TSCA Inventory. >*<*-)#$)<*9*-.1K)2#.#*K).(9)1$;.1)1*'&21.#&$()<$-)<"-#3*-)-*L"&-*+*(#2M! August 2012 4