REPORT ON UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I STUDENT CAMPUS CLIMATE SURVEY ON SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE Authored by Hon. Patricia M. Loui, OmniTrak; Professor Bonnie S. Fisher, University of Cincinnati; Professor Sandra L. Martin, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; and Tao Feng, OmniTrak With Analytical Input from Chris Kam, Alan Ellis and Rowena Vila, OmniTrak The Marketing, Research & Planning Professionals Davies Pacific Center 1250 841 Bishop Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96813 September 11, 2017 UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 3 SURVEY INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .............................................................. 10 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 11 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................ 11 CAMPUS CLIMATE APPROACH................................................................................... 13 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................. 13 DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................................... 22 UH SURVEY RESULTS ........................................................................................................... 24 OVERALL SUMMARY OF FINDINGS .............................................................................. 25 SEXUAL HARASSMENT SECTION .................................................................................. 33 STALKING SECTION .......................................................................................................... 40 DATING AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SECTION (ALSO CALLED INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE) ................................................................................................. 45 NONCONSENSUAL SEXUAL CONTACT SECTION ...................................................... 50 REPORTED IMPACTS OF GENDER VIOLENCE INCIDENTS ....................................... 68 STUDENT DISCLOSURE OF GENDER VIOLENCE AND SATISFACTION AMONG THOSE CONTACTING UH PROGRAMS .................................................................... 74 PERCEPTIONS OF UH CAMPUS CLIMATE..................................................................... 82 STUDENT BYSTANDER PREVALENCE AND BEHAVIOR ........................................... 91 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ............................................................................. 95 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 98 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... 99 APPENDICES .......................................................................................................................... 102 APPENDIX I: QUESTIONNAIRE DEVELOPMENT ....................................................... 103 APPENDIX II: HUMAN SUBJECTS PROTECTIONS AND SAFEGUARDS ................ 115 APPENDIX III: SURVEY SUPPORT COLLATERAL MATERIALS .............................. 123 APPENDIX IV: SURVEY INSTRUMENT ........................................................................ 132 APPENDIX V: RELIABILITY ANALYSIS UTILIZING CRONBACH'S ALPHA ......... 180 APPENDIX VI: DATA TABLES FOR REPORT ............................................................... 184 UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The University of Hawai‘i (UH) is dedicated to maintaining and promoting safe and respectful campus environments that are free from sex discrimination and gender-based violence. Under UH President David Lassner’s leadership, the University has prioritized various initiatives to create and support a foundation of respectful and nonviolent relationships for students, faculty and staff at UH and address all forms of sexual misconduct. In an effort to implement a systemwide approach to policy and programmatic development, the University, under legislative mandate, created the system-wide Office of Institutional Equity (OIE) in 2015. Since 2015, OIE has coordinated and overseen initiatives including: the Act 222 Affirmative Consent Task Force; the University’s Executive Policy 1.204 Sex Discrimination and GenderBased Violence; launch of accessible, online and live Title IX (TIX) training for University employees and students; development of online Title IX case management and intake system; and the development of partnerships with direct service providers in the community. As a result of extensive community and University stakeholder dialogue, OIE received legislative support to carry out President Lassner’s commitment to assess the prevalence and incidence of sexual harassment and gender-based violence and to measure student awareness and perception of resources and rights system-wide. To achieve this goal, OIE contracted with OmniTrak Group, Inc., an independent market research company based in Honolulu, Hawai‘i, to administer a comprehensive climate survey on sexual harassment and gender-based violence for undergraduate, graduate and professional students enrolled at the 10 UH campuses. Additionally, OIE commissioned an advisory group of UH employees and students to provide subject matter expertise, advise on survey development, and promote student participation. Based on the survey findings, OIE and its various stakeholders are developing an action plan to address the needs of each UH campus and improve campus climate system-wide. Project Structure and Process The purpose of the survey was to gather information from students about:  Their campus environment as related to sexual harassment and gender-based violence.  How well students believe the UH community responds to and addresses their concerns regarding sexual harassment and gender-based violence.  Their awareness of resource and reporting options for those experiencing sexual harassment, stalking, dating/domestic violence and nonconsensual sexual contact.  Prevalence (i.e., how many people experienced) and incidence (i.e., how many times experienced) of sexual harassment, stalking, dating/domestic violence and nonconsensual sexual contact on UH campuses. (See Definition). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 3 The survey gathered information on one of the most diverse university systems in the nation. Although the University of Hawai‘i has conducted smaller-scaled surveys in the past, this is the first comprehensive census of adult UH students with respect to sexual harassment and genderbased violence across all of the system’s 10 campuses, and is the largest known online survey to date in Hawai‘i. Student focus groups, implemented between September 12 and September 19, 2016, provided design input from all campuses and different student constituencies. Using national and local input, OmniTrak designed and cognitively tested the survey. Pre-test results were presented to OIE before its approval of the final questionnaire. To complete the survey, UH students were emailed an invitation from President Lassner and a link to the survey, including a Consent Form to which students were required to agree before starting the questionnaire. Surveys were completed from January 20 to February 20, 2017. The one-month field period was recommended to permit UH students with different academic and work schedules to participate and reflected OmniTrak’s experience with completion times for Hawaii internet surveys. The self-administered online web survey used for data collection was accessible across multiple devices. Students also had the option of requesting a printed questionnaire and business reply envelope in which to return the survey. Key sections (Consent Form, Instructions and Definitions) translated into Tagalog, Korean, Mandarin, or Japanese were also available to students in the online survey via a link. To encourage participation in the survey, students were offered incentives of gift cards in $10 and $5 increments for early responses. Survey completion was not required to win. Description of the Sample The sample frame for the survey was a census of 44,671 adult students enrolled in the 2017 Spring Semester across all 10 UH campuses. UH provided a database of student email addresses, screening them against the following characteristics: 1) Currently enrolled in the UH Spring 2017 semester; and 2) Aged 18 years or older. Of the students system-wide who received an invitation to participate in the survey, 7,810 (17.5%) started the survey and either submitted or left their responses in their survey account without pressing the submit button. These surveys were analyzed to determine if they met the two criteria required to define a “completed” survey: 1) The survey participant spent at least five minutes before submitting and, 2) For partial surveys where the submit button was not pressed, at least one question in each of the victimization sections was answered, except for Section F which requires screening for a partnered relationship. Of all surveys started, 6,311 met the criteria for “completed surveys” resulting in a completed survey response rate of 14.1 percent. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 4 To assess sample bias, OmniTrak compared participants’ demographic characteristics with the UH System-wide Profile compiled by UH from Spring 2017 enrollment data (Table 1). Overall, the UH system-wide profile and that of participants was quite representative for age, ethnicity, education, and campus location, though it skewed in representativeness by gender and campus. Table 1: UH Student and Survey Participants Profiles GENDER AGE ETHNICITY EDUCATION LEVEL CAMPUS GEOGRAPHY UH Students 41.6% 57.5% 0.8% 20.7% 21.8% 19.5% 16.0% 8.2% 13.8% 17.7% 4.7% 14.4% 22.4% 1.9% 7.4% 2.1% 22.2% 7.2% 89.3% 10.7% -34.6% 7.2% 5.6% 52.6% -79.1% 20.9% Male Female TGQN1/Decline/Unknown 18 to 19 years 20 to 21 years 22 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 and older Caucasian Chinese Filipino Hawaiian/Part Hawaiian Hispanic Japanese Pacific Islander Mixed All Other Undergraduate Graduate/ Professional School Unknown UH Mānoa UH Hilo UH West O‘ahu Community Colleges Subtotal Unknown O‘ahu Neighbor Island Survey Participants All UH Campuses 29.2% 68.3% 2.5% 20.0% 21.5% 17.7% 16.4% 9.0% 15.4% 18.0% 5.2% 11.8% 21.2% 3.1% 6.7% 1.7% 23.9% 8.4% 82.0% 16.7% 0.3% 46.0% 10.9% 7.5% 34.7% 1.0% 78.0% 21.1% 1 TGQN - Transgender/genderqueer/questioning or non-conforming. Based on the above comparison, data were weighted by gender at the campus level, which adjusted bias toward both female and university students. Although sample age and ethnicity distribution was close to the overall student census, data were weighted using a secondary weighting scheme balancing age and ethnicity by campus. There were eight gender categories in the survey, and the official UH data only identified two gender categories. Thus, a Transgender Woman was grouped into the Female cohort, and a Transgender Man was grouped into Male. Other gender categories were randomly imputed from cases with similar characteristics. This was for weighting purpose only, and gender tabulation in final report specifies Female, Male, TGQN, and Decline. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 5 Key Findings – Areas of Strength 1. Bystander intervention  The survey asked students if, at any time while enrolled at UH, they had experienced the following: 1) You suspected a friend had been sexually assaulted; 2) You saw someone you thought had too much alcohol heading off for what looked like a sexual encounter; 3) You saw (or heard) someone acting in a sexually violent or harassing way toward someone else. If they had, survey participants were asked what, if anything, they did the last time this happened.  Among all students, almost 2 in 7 (29.2%) witnessed any of the three types of situations described while enrolled at UH, though approximately 1 in 10 experienced each of the individual situations.  A significant percentage of students who were bystanders to these behaviors reported that they intervened. The highest rate was 74.8 percent among survey participants who reported taking action when they suspected a friend was sexually assaulted. Three in 7 (43%) reported acting to prevent a potentially violent or harassing incident. Almost half (49.4%) took action after witnessing a drunk person heading for a sexual encounter. 2. Satisfaction of survey participants who contacted UH resources  Survey participants who reported contacting campus officials after experiencing sexual harassment or gender-based violence reported very positive reactions to their experience. A majority found the programs contacted helped them deal with the experience.  Depending on the type of gender violence experienced, between 60.4 and 110 percent of survey participants who rated each contact made (hence percentages sum to more than 100%) perceived that their contact with campus programs was “very or extremely” useful.  Satisfaction with their interaction with UH officials was especially high among survey participants who contacted UH resources after experiencing nonconsensual sexual contact (110%) and after experiencing sexual harassment (95.8%). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 6 3. Campus Climate: Perception of Sexual Assault and Misconduct Risk  Overall, UH Survey participants did not feel at risk for sexual assault or misconduct.  By a margin of almost 4 to 1, students did not perceive sexual assault or harassment to be problematic at UH (57.5% indicated it was little/no problem while 14.7% believed it was very or extremely problematic).  A larger majority of almost 7 in 8 (85.3%) felt it was unlikely that they would personally experience sexual assault or sexual harassment while on campus, with 3 in 4 (76.2%) feeling an off-campus, university-sponsored event incident was unlikely. 4. Student Perceptions of the Campus Officials Involved in the Reporting Process  Just over half perceived campus officials would treat students experiencing sexual harassment or gender violence respectfully (53.7%) and protect their privacy (53.4%) and their safety (51.7%).  By a margin of 5 to 1, survey participants perceived that the likelihood of a student reporting an incident would be believed was high (50.2% extremely/very likely vs. 9.3% a little/not likely at all). Key Findings – Opportunities for Improvement 1. Rates of Nonconsensual Sexual Contact  One in 16 UH Survey participants system-wide (6.3%) reported nonconsensual sexual contact at any time while enrolled at UH. Sexual touching was 2.5 times more prevalent than sexual penetration (5.4% and 2.4%, respectively). 2. Prevalence of Stalking or Sexual Harassment  Approximately 1 in 10 student survey participants reported experiencing stalking or sexual harassment.  System-wide 9.7 percent of survey participants reported being stalked, while 9.3 percent of students reported of sexual harassment. 3. High Rates of Dating and Domestic Violence  Dating and domestic violence had the highest prevalence rate among all survey participants system-wide.  Of the survey participants who reported having been in a partnered relationship since entering UH (79%), 1 in 5 (19.1%) experienced dating or domestic violence. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 7 4. Vulnerable Populations  Patterns are similar to national campus surveys on the same topic, with the exception of Native Hawaiian students, for which there is no comparable data. The UH Survey found higher rates of gender violence reported by the following characteristics:  Undergraduate females;  Native Hawaiian students;  Transgender/genderqueer/questioning or non-conforming (TGQN) students;  Lesbian/gay/bisexual/questioning/not listed (LGBN) students;  Students with disabilities;  Students living on campus; and  Students at four-year campuses (as opposed to two-year campuses). 5. Consequences of Nonconsensual Sexual Penetration  A large percentage of survey participants who experienced nonconsensual sexual penetration or sexual touching reported that their experience took a negative toll on them physically and mentally.    Among students who reported experiencing nonconsensual sexual penetration, physical impacts affected 20.8 percent overall.  Impacts ranged from physical injury (e.g., bruises, cuts to internal vaginal or anal injury from sexual contact) to contraction of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). 61.2 percent reported adverse academic impacts.  School-related consequences ranged from difficulty concentrating on studies (54.5%) to thoughts about dropping out of school (23.8%). Health impacts, experienced by 73.5 percent overall, ranged from feelings of hopelessness (48.0%) to increased drug and alcohol use (17.7%). 6. Contact with UH Resources after Gender Violence  Only 1 in 6 student participants who experienced nonconsensual sexual contact, sexual harassment, stalking, or dating and domestic violence contacted UH resources.  For nonconsensual sexual penetration, 16.6 percent contacted campus UH programs.  Depending on the type of tactic used against them, 43.3 percent to 64.7 percent of survey participants experiencing nonconsensual sexual contact did not report the incident to campus programs because they did not believe the incident was “serious enough.”  For nonconsensual sexual penetration, 44.5 percent felt “too embarrassed, ashamed, or that it (would) be too difficult emotionally” to report and 43.3 percent doubted that the incident was “serious enough.” UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 8 7. Awareness of UH Policies and Processes  Among all survey participants, a majority had little or no knowledge of what happens when a student reports an incident (59.2%) or the rights of students making a report (55.1%).  Just under half (46.5%) said they had little or no knowledge of where to make a report. 8. Perceptions of the Investigative Process  Most survey participants indicated that they believe campus officials are extremely or very likely to treat complaining parties respectfully (53.7%) and protect their privacy (53.4%) and safety (51.7%). However, less than half felt it was extremely or very likely that campus officials will take action against offenders (38.2%) or conduct a fair investigation (42.6%). This is due to higher Don’t Knows of 27.1% and 25.8% respectively. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 9 SURVEY INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 10 INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND The University of Hawai‘i (UH), under the leadership of President David Lassner, is actively engaged in continuous improvement of UH’s campus climate so that students can achieve academic success and personal growth in a safe and supportive environment. Recognizing that sexual harassment and gender-based violence are prevalent among college students nationwide, campus leaders have taken pro-active steps to address these issues. UH instituted a system-wide focus on sexual harassment and gender-based violence to enhance consistency of policies and procedures across all 10 campuses, forming in 2015 a new Office of Institutional Equity (OIE) under the Vice President for Administration. Jennifer Solidum Rose, J.D. was appointed to lead OIE as its founding director. Since its formation, OIE has actively developed the policies and programs to prevent sexual harassment and gender-based violence and engaged with internal and external stakeholders on all campuses. Key initiatives included the following: Act 222 Affirmative Consent Task Force; the University’s Executive Policy 1.204 Sex Discrimination and Gender-Based Violence; launch of accessible, online and live TIX training for University employees and students; development of online Title IX case management and intake system; and the development of partnerships with direct service providers in the community. As a result of extensive community and University stakeholder dialogue, OIE received legislative support to carry out President Lassner’s commitment to scientifically assess incidence and prevalence of sexual harassment and gender-based violence and measure student awareness and perception of resources and rights system-wide. The stated purpose of the survey was: “to guide and inform UH’s policy, training and programmatic initiatives with respect to fulfilling the University’s obligations under Title IX and the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) and its mission of providing a safe and discrimination-free learning and working environment.” UH specified that the survey include the following areas of inquiry:  Student perceptions of their campus environment as related to sexual harassment and gender-based violence, including how well the UH community is perceived in responding to student concerns  Student awareness of UH policies, resources, and the reporting options available for those experiencing sexual harassment or gender-based violence  Prevalence and incidence of sexual harassment and gender-based violence, including nonconsensual sexual contact, dating and domestic violence, stalking, and sexual harassment A description of those who experienced gender violence  UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 11 The University of Hawai’i Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and GenderBased Violence (hereafter referred to as the UH Survey) is one of the first studies of an entire university system, encompassing four-year universities, community colleges and graduate and professional schools. It assessed sexual harassment and gender-based violence on the most diverse university system in the nation. Although the University of Hawai‘i has conducted smaller-scaled assessments in the past, this was the first comprehensive census of adult UH students with respect to sexual harassment and gender-based violence across all of the system’s 10 campuses. Further, it was the largest known online internet survey to date in Hawai‘i. The University of Hawai‘i Office of Institutional Equity (OIE) coordinated this survey as part of its larger mission. To advise UH on the development of the survey and data analysis, OIE formed a Campus Climate Study Advisory Group, with diverse statewide representation from employees, students, and faculty members on campuses. This group contributed to all stages of the survey. They actively participated in the kickoff planning, design and methodological meetings. Their input ranged from approving the final questionnaire to reviewing analytical directions and the draft report. UH contracted with OmniTrak Group, Inc. to undertake the survey in collaboration with the Campus Climate Study Advisory Group. OmniTrak, an independent Hawai‘i-based market research company is led by a former United Nations social development planner with 35 years of expertise researching sensitive subjects in the State. It utilized a national-local team to administer this survey. For this survey, OmniTrak teamed with two well-known national subjectmatter experts: Professor Sandra L. Martin, Ph.D., Associate Dean of Research at the Gillings School of Global Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; and Professor Bonnie S. Fisher, Ph.D., of the School of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati and author of Unsafe in the Ivory Tower: The Sexual Victimization of College Women. Both Drs. Martin and Fisher consulted on the Association of American Universities (AAU) 2015 Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct. They joined OmniTrak’s team in the pre-planning stage, and they have remained actively involved through analysis, writing and presentation of results. To provide a Hawai‘i practitioner’s perspective, Nanci Kreidman, Chief Executive Officer of the Domestic Violence Action Center (DVAC), also consulted on this research, including DVAC’s review of multi-lingual questionnaire translations. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 12 CAMPUS CLIMATE APPROACH Different definitions of campus climate are used by universities across the country in relation to sexual harassment and gender-based violence. For its 2015 study, the Association of American Universities (AAU) in its Campus Climate on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct Survey focused on student knowledge, attitudes and behavior around sexual assault gender-based violence. The AAU survey, conducted among 27 institutions of higher education, reported in detail on four types of gender-based violence students experienced; perceptions of safety and personal risk of gender-based violence; knowledge of and attitudes toward universities’ policy definitions; students’ rights; processes and programs to support students experiencing gender violence; what actions if any were taken by victims, and their perceptions of the interaction. For its benchmark survey of sexual harassment and gender-based violence, the UH adopted the AAU approach. The AAU questionnaire, which is in the public domain, was utilized because it had previously undergone testing among students at 27 universities. Further, a methodological report was available, analyzing the instrument and recommendations for change. Local focus groups among UH students representing all campuses and covering all Islands supplemented nationally derived input during the questionnaire development phase. The scope of UH inquiry into the campus climate included the percentage of students experiencing four types of genderbased violence, perceptions of safety on campus and off; whether students experiencing gender violence felt they had been treated with respect and with consideration for their privacy and safety; and knowledge and attitudes of UH policies, programs and processes of sexual harassment and misconduct. METHODOLOGY To provide an empirical assessment of students experiencing sexual harassment and genderbased violence across the UH’s entire statewide higher education system, the survey methodology was uniformly administered across all 10 campuses at the same time. Analysis of survey findings produced statistically reliable estimates for the UH System on four types of sexual harassment and gender-based violence behaviors; on tactics used system-wide as well as for each university campus, for the aggregated community colleges, and for undergraduates and students in graduate and professional schools. Separate estimates were calculated for relevant student sub-groups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 13 Survey Instrument The survey instrument included 125 questions organized into 11 sections. The questions were designed to identify conduct in which UH is interested in preventing, and for student accessibility. The scope of inquiry included:    Incidence and prevalence of sexual harassment and gender-based violence (including, sexual harassment, stalking, dating and domestic violence [also referenced as intimate partner violence], and nonconsensual sexual contact) The section with questions about nonconsensual sexual contact (including both sexual penetration and sexual touching/non-penetration) also asked about the following four types of tactics used by offenders. Differentiation by these tactics was important because the first two may rise to the level of criminal conduct in addition to being potential policy violations.  Physical force or threat of physical force;  Incapacitation due to drugs, alcohol or being unconscious, asleep or passed out;  Coercive threats of non-physical harm or promised rewards;  Absence of active, on-going, voluntary agreement The UH Survey asked about sexual harassment and gender-based violence and student impacts during two time periods:  At any time while enrolled at UH – This time period captured all incidents over the tenure of the student’s years of enrollment, allowing computation of a cumulative incidence of events since first enrolling in UH up until the time of the survey; and  Since the beginning of the Fall 2016 term - This “current academic year” question captured only those events that occurred during one full semester (Fall 2016) and the first month or two of the second semester (Spring 2017). The survey instrument included the following sections:        • •     Section A: Background Section B: Perceptions of Risk Section C: Resources Section D: Sexual Harassment Section E: Stalking Section F: Dating and Domestic Violence (only asked of students who have ever been in a partnered relationship while enrolled at UH) Section G: Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Screener Section G(A): Detailed Incident Forms for Sexual Penetration Section G(B): Detailed Incident Forms for Sexual Touching Section H: Sexual Assault and Harassment Prevention Training Section I: Perceptions of Responses to Reporting Section J: Bystander Behavior Section K: Debriefing Item UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 14 If students reported an incident of Sexual Harassment, Stalking, and Dating and Domestic Violence, they were asked follow-up questions that generally included incidence, relationship with offender, offender’s association with UH, and whether or not they contacted UH resources about the incident. If students reported an incident of nonconsensual sexual contact, they were asked further questions about the timing of the offense (at any time while enrolled at UH, or during the current academic year), offender tactics involved (e.g. physical force; incapacitation; coercion, or absence of affirmative consent as detailed above), and asked to complete a detailed form on their most recent incident. If the most recent incident involved nonconsensual sexual penetration, students were asked approximately 18 questions such as, location of the incident, involvement of alcohol and drug usage, and contact with UH resources, post-incident consequences, etc. Students who most recently experienced non-penetrative nonconsensual sexual contact were asked to complete a shorter form. The incident form was shortened after the instrument’s pretest and cognitive testing because students found the questions lengthy and the incident form presented a risk of termination bias. These results were consistent with the AAU methodology report, which found higher termination rates while completing the incident forms. Validity Validity refers to the extent to which questions or rating scales or measurements accurately reflect the concepts that the study intends to measure. The UH Survey underwent a process of validation during development of the survey instrument. Much of the survey utilized questions that had been constructed and tested for the AAU survey, which was developed with input from multiple subject matter experts from 27 AAU-member institutions of higher education nationwide. Their input helped to establish the content validity of the constructs that were measured in the AAU survey. In addition, the chairperson of the AAU Design Committee (Dr. Martin) and the Co-Principal Investigator of the AAU project (Dr. Fisher) consulted on the UH Survey design from its inception. The AAU survey questions were tested by using two rounds of cognitive interviewing. Moreover, students and University liaisons from a participating university provided comments and feedback on the survey, which were used in survey revision. Over 150,000 (n=150,072 in undergraduate and graduate/professional programs) students across the country completed the AAU survey during the Spring of 2015. AAU released a methodological report, and its analyses and recommendations were considered in the UH Survey development. Although the UH survey was based on the AAU survey, it was refined in light of input from a variety of sources. Both Drs. Fisher and Martin, national subject matter experts, offered guidance throughout the survey development process. In addition, the UH survey was reviewed in detail by the UH Campus Climate Survey Advisory Group subject matter experts. OmniTrak also conducted 10 focus groups among UH students from across the System’s 10 campuses. Focus UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 15 group members provided information on the clarity of the survey questions, including the definitions used for the types of gender violence. Working in collaboration with Drs. Fisher and Martin, OmniTrak staff, OIE and the Advisory Group reviewed the AAU Survey Methodological Report, focus group results, and recommendations made by the two national consultants and OmniTrak before approving the questionnaire for testing. OmniTrak then conducted cognitive testing among 51 students including those who experienced gender violence, probing for whether they understood the question and what it was asking. OIE gave final approval to the UH Survey as a result of these processes and after cognitive test results. Sampling Procedure The survey sampling frame included all 44,671 undergraduate, graduate and professional school students across all 10 University of Hawai‘i statewide campuses (UH Mānoa, UH Hilo, UH West O’ahu, Hawai’i Community College, Honolulu Community College, Kapi’olani Community College, Kaua’i Community College, Leeward Community College, UH Maui College, and Windward Community College) who met the following criteria:   Were enrolled either full-time or part-time in the UH Spring 2017 semester; and Were age 18 years or older. UH provided a database of student email addresses for students who met the survey screening criteria. Data Collection Data were collected via a self-administered, online web survey. Students also had the option of requesting a paper copy of the survey, which would be mailed to them along with a business reply envelope addressed to OmniTrak Group in which to return the survey. The data collection process was multi-phased:    A pre-survey implementation program promoted the survey across all 10 campuses in heavily trafficked areas. The University of Hawai‘i Office of Institutional Equity (OIE) organized a Student Roll Out Committee of student representatives from across the state that planned and executed campus-specific promotional programs leading up to survey implementation. UH President David Lassner sent a letter to all Spring 2017 Semester enrolled students 18 years or older inviting participation in the survey through an OmniTrak account. Each email included a unique link for the student to access the online survey. Students were requested to click on the link to complete the survey. The link enabled students to save answers and to return to the survey at a later date. When done, students submitted their surveys anonymously, and their identity and the completed survey were de-linked. Data were stored securely in OmniTrak’s encrypted server accessible only to staff with UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 16 security certification.  OmniTrak administered a reminder program, thanking students for their responses and requesting students who had not yet responded to complete the survey. Reminders included a written request from UH chancellors to complete the survey. Others within the university system also had the option of sending reminders to students. In some classes, professors orally encouraged survey participation. In addition to faculty and administrators promoting participation in the survey, student-to-student activities included a promotional video by a well-recognized UH woman student athlete.  During the survey execution stage, UH OIE’s Student Roll Out Committee on different campuses conducted tabling events that promoted the survey and answered students’ questions. To encourage participation in the survey, students were offered the opportunity to receive incentives of $10 and $5 for early responses. Students were not required to complete the survey to receive the incentive. Survey data collection began on January 20, 2017 and was completed on February 20, 2017. The UH Survey field period was longer than the AAU average by about one week and was recommended given OmniTrak’s experience with the length of data collection time in Hawai‘i for internet surveys. Data Analysis Definition of Completed Surveys to Estimate Survey Response Rates. For a survey to be classified as “completed,” it had to meet both of the following criteria:  The survey participant spent at least five minutes completing the questionnaire before submitting the completed survey. This criterion was used to eliminate students who spent so little time online that they could not have read and answered the questions in the survey.  For partial surveys where the submit button was not pressed, at least one question was answered in each of the gender violence sections (the last of which was near the end of the survey), except for section F which required screening for partnered relationship. This criterion was used for the definition of “complete” because a core goal of the survey was to measure the prevalence of various types of gender violence. UH students system-wide who submitted a completed survey were analyzed as a percent of the total adult student enrollment for the Spring 2017 semester to derive an overall response rate. Additionally, students’ self-reported data from completed surveys were used to categorize survey participants and the number of completed surveys was analyzed as a percent of UH’s sub-group enrollment numbers to compute sub-group response rates. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 17 Non-Response Bias Analysis In addition to response rates, non-response bias analyses (NBA) was conducted for the UH System and for its campuses. Although all adult students enrolled in Spring Semester 2017 were invited to participate in the survey, students self-selected or made an individual decision whether or not to do so. This self-selection process made it possible that certain behavioral or attitudinal characteristics were correlated with survey participation. Past sexual harassment and gender-based violence surveys acknowledged the possibility that those who have experienced the types of violence surveyed or had strong attitudes toward the subject were more likely to complete the survey. It was also acknowledged that those who have experienced gender violence might find recall painful and choose not to participate in the survey. While the former would result in potentially higher estimates of sexual harassment and genderbased violence, the latter would result in lower estimates. To probe the issue of non-response bias, OmniTrak analyzed the percentage of survey participants who reported experiencing the four types of gender violence, comparing the “early” participants to the “late” participants (note that participants who completed surveys in the first half of the data collection period were defined as “early” participants and those who completed surveys in the last half of the data collection period were defined as “late” participants). For sexual harassment and stalking, the prevalences are statistically higher among early participants than late participants (Table 2). However, the prevalence of dating and domestic violence and nonconsensual sexual contact are not statistically different between early and late participants. Table 2: Percent of Survey Participants Experiencing Different Types of Gender Violence At Any Time While Enrolled by Date of Survey Completion All UH CAMPUSES EARLY SURVEY LATE SURVEY (n=6311) PARTICIPANTS PARTICIPANTS (n=3689) (n = 2622) Standard Standard Standard % % % Error Error Error Type of Gender Violence Sexual Harassment 9.3% 0.4% 10.1%* 0.5% 8.1% 0.5% Stalking 9.7% 0.4% 10.4%* 0.5% 8.6% 0.5% Dating and domestic 19.1% 0.6% 19.1% 0.6% 19.1% 0.8% violence1 Nonconsensual sexual 6.3% 0.3% 6.8% 0.5% 5.6% 0.5% contact * Shows a statistically significant difference between early and late participants 1. The estimate of Dating/Domestic Violence was based on student participants who had ever been in a partnered relationship while enrolled at UH (79% of all participants). The total number of early participants included for dating and domestic violence estimate is 2,869, and the total number of late participants is 2,115. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 18 Results show that both the early and late survey participants experienced each of the types of gender violence. However, since significantly greater percentages of early participants, compared to late participants, experienced sexual harassment and stalking, it is plausible that UH students were somewhat more likely to participate in the survey if they had experienced these two forms of gender violence. The AAU Survey Methodological Report found similar results between early and late survey participants. For almost all compared outcomes but coercion and bystander intervention, the differences were statistically significant and in the direction of a positive bias. In other words, late participants were less likely to report gender violence than early participants. Data Weighting Students who submitted completed surveys were then compared with UH-provided demographic and academic characteristics of its Spring 2017 adult student population. These included demographic characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, etc. as well as academic characteristics such as campus, enrollment level or type of student, year of study, etc. For surveys where demographic variables were missing, values were imputed through random allocation proportionate to answers provided by students with similar characteristics for final reporting. Results of the composition comparison were used to weight survey results using the following variables: Gender, campus, age, ethnicity and year in school. The composition comparison and subsequent weighting was limited based on what data were available within the UH census. For example, there were eight gender identity categories in the survey and the official UH data only identified two gender categories. To be consistent with AAU weighting procedures, a Transgender Woman was grouped into Woman, and a Transgender Man was grouped into Man for weighting purpose, and cases with other identities or those with missing information were assigned to be either Female or Male based on neighboring cases with similar characteristics. This was for weighting purpose only, and gender tabulation in final report specifies Female, Male, Transgender/ Genderqueer/Questioning or Non-conforming (TGQN), and Decline. In terms of campus, the variables used were each of the 10 campuses, with community colleges aggregated to one variable for analytical purposes in this report. Because of a wider range of ages at UH community colleges, six categories by year were used --- 18 to 19, 20 to 21, 22 to 24, 25 to 29, 30 to 34, and 35 and older. Ethnicity variables included Caucasian, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian/part Hawaiian, Japanese, Mixed, and Other (which for purpose of weighting included Pacific Islander and Hispanic). Year in school weights were specific to the three universities with variables including freshman, sophomore, junior and senior classifications. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 19 Descriptive Statistics Survey results were analyzed to calculate frequency of responses system-wide for each of the questions by number and percentage of survey participants. The survey team also analyzed and estimated UH Survey findings of the percentage of students experiencing each of the four types of sexual harassment and gender-based violence (i.e., sexual harassment, stalking, dating/domestic violence, and nonconsensual sexual contact). Descriptive statistics were also used to examine differences in the experiences of students by prevalence of gender violence, attitudes, and other results. Past studies in gender violence among university students provided insight on analytical variables that might be correlated with the prevalence of gender violence, and these became starting points for exploring factors associated with gender violence risk. These studies include but were not limited to Cantor et al., 2015; Fisher et al., 2000; White et al., 2004; Krebs et al., 2009; Gross et al., 2004; Koss et al., 1987. (See References at end of report.) Building on these past surveys and using insights provided by the UH Advisory Group and UH focus groups, gender violence prevalences were analyzed by students’ demographic and academic characteristics including the following:  Demographic Characteristics – Including gender identity, sexual orientation, (e.g. heterosexual/straight, gay or lesbian, bisexual, asexual, not listed, questioning, and declined to state), ethnicity, residence status, and disability status.  Academic Characteristics – Including campus, type of student (university undergraduate, graduate/professional student, and community college student), year in school, and club participation. Statistical Significance Testing To determine if results within a sub-group were statistically different from each other, significance tests were computed, including the Z-test to determine differences, if any, in percentages for two or more student groups and T-test to determine differences, if any, in the means for two or more student groups. The data file contained within the appendix of this report shows overall frequencies as in percentages, frequencies by sub-groups, and the result of significance testing computations within the sub-group category. Reliability Cronbach's Alpha was calculated to measure one type of reliability, namely, internal consistency (how closely related a set of survey items are as a group) of responses between multi-item statements. Internal consistency analyses were conducted on each of three banks of questions that used Likert scales: 1) perception of campus climate (survey items B1 – B3); 2) knowledge of UH policies and procedures of sexual assault and sexual harassment (survey items C2a – C2e); UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 20 and 3) perception of reporting on sexual assault and sexual harassment (survey items I1 – I9). Results found that the Cronbach's Alpha for perception of campus climate was 0.738, for knowledge of UH policies and procedures of sexual assault and sexual harassment was 0.908, and perception of reporting on sexual assault and sexual harassment was 0.928. (See Appendix V for the survey items analyzed and detailed results of these analyses.) These results indicated moderate to high levels of internal consistency for the three series of questions since all of the Cronbach Alpha results were above the value of 0.7, which is considered an acceptable level of internal consistency (UCLA Institute for Digital Research and Education, 2017). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 21 DEFINITIONS 1. Ethnicity – All ethnic variables were self-reported with multiple responses permitted. This question asks for a student’s ethnic background as self-identified, not genetic ancestry. The Native Hawaiian variable specifies “Native Hawaiian or Part Hawaiian.” 2. Four (4) types of behaviors – This term references the four (4) types of gender violence behaviors researched in the UH Survey: Sexual harassment, stalking, dating and domestic violence (also referred to as intimate partner violence), and nonconsensual sexual contact. At the outset of sections on each type of gender violence, survey questions are shown and their question numbers. The survey instrument is contained in Appendix IV.C. 3. n = – This references the base of students who answered a specific question using weighted data. It is the denominator used in calculating the percent in a table or graph. For questions in a same section, "n" may be different due to logic pattern and participants skipping. 4. Nonconsensual sexual touching – This term covers one of two categories of nonconsensual sexual contact. It is used interchangeably with non-penetrative nonconsensual sexual contact. The other behavioral contact category is nonconsensual sexual penetration. 5. Offender – Refers to alleged offender of one or more types of gender violence researched in the UH Survey. Neither the term victim nor perpetrator was used because of criminal implications. 6. Prevalence & Incidence – The UH survey collected information to allow estimation of the extent of four forms of gender violence (sexual harassment, stalking, dating/domestic violence and nonconsensual sexual contact) during two time periods (during the current academic year, and during any time while enrolled at UH). Prevalence, a measure of the percent of persons who experienced the event of interest during a particular time period, can be estimated by dividing the number of survey participants experiencing one or more such events during the time period of interest by the total number of survey participants (Truman & Langton, 2015). Since multiple events (incidents) of a particular type of gender violence can be experienced by an individual within a particular time period (e.g., an individual is sexually harassed three times during a one year period), survey questions also asked about the number of times each of the forms of gender violence occurred during the current academic year and during any time while enrolled at UH. Summing the numbers of events experienced by all survey participants during a particular time period results in a measure of incidence (the number of events that occurred during a time period of interest) (National Institute of Justice, 2008). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 22 7. Survey Participants – This references the base of students who answered a specific question. It is the denominator used in calculating the percent if used in a table or graph. Survey participants are referenced as “n =.” 8. Tactics – This refers to the techniques used by offenders to commit gender violence against a student. For nonconsensual sexual contact, for example, tactics include physical force (completed or attempted); incapacitation due to drugs, alcohol or being unconscious, asleep or passed out; coercion or threats of non-physical harm or promised rewards; absence of active, on-going, voluntary agreement. 9. UH System – Refers to all UH students enrolled across all 10 UH campuses. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 23 UH SURVEY RESULTS UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 24 OVERALL SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Survey Response Rates Of the 44,671 students system-wide who received an invitation to participate in the survey, 7,810 (17.5%) started the survey and either submitted or left their responses in their survey account without pressing the submit button. Of all surveys started, 6,311 met the criteria for “completed surveys” resulting in a completed survey response rate of 14.1 percent (Table 3). The completed survey response rates varied by campus, gender, enrollment status, and ethnicity (Table 3). The aggregated response rate for the 4-year degree granting campuses was +106 percent higher at 19.2 percent than for community colleges at 9.3 percent. UH’s four-year university rate compared favorably by +3 percentage points with AAU’s response rate for public universities (16%). By gender, women’s response rates (16.8%) exceeded men’s (9.9%) by 6.9 percentage points. This gender difference also applied to enrollment status: Female undergraduates had a response rate 6 percentage points higher than male undergraduates, and female graduate and professional students 11.5 percentage points more than male graduate and professional students. In terms of ethnicity, response rates were highest among students who are Hispanic (23.5%); other ethnicities/declined to report (20.4%); mixed ethnicity (15.2%), and Caucasian (14.3%). In contrast, Asian and Pacific Islander students showed lower response rates -- Filipinos (11.6%), Japanese (12.7%), Other Asians (12.9%), and Native Hawaiians (13.4%). Description of the Sample To determine demographic sample bias, OmniTrak compared the UH System student profile with the demographic characteristics of students who completed the survey. The UH profile was provided by the University’s OIE and was compiled by the UH Administration. The profile from the UH was derived from Spring 2017 enrollment data analyzing composition of all enrolled students provided by UH and was the basis for comparing survey participants to UH’s student body for weighting the sample. The composition comparison showed that overall, the sample of students who completed the survey and the UH system-wide census profile were fairly well aligned (Table 3). The sample was quite representative to the UH student characteristics profile as provided by UH in terms of age, ethnicity, education level and geographic location of the campus. However, the comparison indicated sample bias towards female students and students from the three university campuses (Table 3). Therefore, we undertook weighting the data by gender at campus level, which corrected both bias towards female and university students. Although the age, school year, and ethnicity distribution of the sample were close to those of the UH student census, further analysis by campus was conducted, resulting in utilization of a secondary weighting scheme balancing age, school year and ethnicity by campus. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 25 The weighted sample was representative of the UH System’s student population. At a 95 percent confidence level, the total UH System sample size carries a sampling error of +/- 1.1 percent. Table 3: Comparison of All UH Students and Students with Completed Surveys, and Completed Survey Response Rates, by Student Characteristics UH Adult UH Adult Student Student Survey Survey Survey Population Population Participants Participants Participants System-wide System-wide Unweighted Unweighted Weighted (Est. N =) (%) (n) (%) (n) TOTAL GENDER Male Female TGQN/Decline/Unknown (Not Comparable) AGE 18 to 19 years 20 to 21 years 22 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 and older ETHNICITY Caucasian Chinese Filipino Hawaiian/Part Hawaiian Hispanic Japanese Pacific Islander Mixed All Other ENROLLMENT LEVEL Undergraduate Graduate/Professional School Unknown GENDER & ENROLLMENT LEVEL Male Undergraduate Male Graduate/Professional Female Undergraduates Female Graduates/Professionals TGQN/Decline Undergraduate (not comparable) TGQN/Decline/Graduates & Professionals (not comparable) Unknown CAMPUS UH Mānoa UH Hilo UH West O‘ahu Community Colleges Kapi‘olani Leeward Honolulu Windward Hawai‘i Island Maui College Kaua‘i Unknown Survey Survey Participants Response Weighted Rate (%) (%) 44,671 100% 6,311 100% 6,311 6,311 14.1% 18,596 25,698 41.6% 57.5% 1,841 4,308 29.2% 68.3% 2,493 3,630 39.5% 57.5% 9.9% 16.8% 377 0.8% 162 2.5% 188 3.0% N/A 9,234 9,734 8,691 7,155 3,685 6,172 20.7% 21.8% 19.5% 16.0% 8.2% 13.8% 1,264 1,356 1,115 1,032 571 973 20.0% 21.5% 17.7% 16.4% 9.0% 15.4% 1,415 1,274 1,183 1,000 518 921 22.4% 20.2% 18.7% 15.9% 8.2% 14.6% 13.7% 13.9% 12.8% 14.4% 15.5% 15.8% 7,898 2,082 6,419 9,988 826 3,324 1,023 9,926 3,185 17.7% 4.7% 14.4% 22.4% 1.9% 7.4% 2.1% 22.2% 7.2% 1,133 330 745 1,338 194 422 106 1,508 535 18.0% 5.2% 11.8% 21.2% 3.1% 6.7% 1.7% 23.9% 8.4% 1,023 274 982 1,507 165 458 80 1,398 424 16.2% 4.3% 15.6% 23.9% 2.6% 7.3% 1.3% 22.1% 6.7% 14.3% 15.9% 11.6% 13.4% 23.5% 12.7% 10.4% 15.2% 16.7% 39,881 4,790 -- 89.3% 10.7% -- 5,238 1,055 18 83.0% 16.7% 0.3% 5,631 680 -- 89.2% 10.8% -- 13.1% 22.0% N/A 16,670 1,926 22,852 37.3% 4.3% 51.2% 1,538 279 3,518 24.4% 4.4% 55.7% 2,242 251 3,228 35.5% 4.0% 51.1% 9.2% 14.5% 15.4% 2,846 6.4% 741 11.7% 402 6.4% 26.0% -- -- 122 1.9% 162 2.6% N/A -- -- 35 0.6% 26 0.4% N/A 377 0.8% 78 1.2% -- -- N/A 15,476 3,196 2,510 34.6% 7.2% 5.6% 2,902 686 475 46.0% 10.9% 7.5% 2,197 453 357 34.8% 7.2% 5.7% 18.7% 21.5% 18.9% 6,087 6,004 3,183 2,073 2,369 2,652 1,121 -- 13.6% 13.4% 7.1% 4.6% 5.3% 5.9% 2.5% -- 562 569 214 199 234 300 110 60 8.9% 9.0% 3.4% 3.2% 3.7% 4.8% 1.7% 1.0% 863 851 450 291 331 365 153 -- 13.7% 13.5% 7.1% 4.6% 5.2% 5.8% 2.4% -- 9.2% 9.5% 6.7% 9.6% 9.9% 11.3% 9.8% -- UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 26 Summary of Gender Violence Prevalence The UH Survey was designed to estimate the prevalence of the following four types of genderbased violence: (1) Sexual harassment; (2) Stalking; (3) Dating and domestic violence (also referred to as intimate partner violence); and (4) Nonconsensual sexual contact, which included two sub-categories – a. Nonconsensual penetrative contact (including: penetration of the vagina or anus with a penis, finger or object; and oral sex when someone’s mouth/tongue makes contact with someone else’s vagina, penis or anus); and b. Nonconsensual sexual touching (including: kissing; touching of breasts, chest, crotch, genitals, groin or buttocks; and grabbing, groping or rubbing in a sexual way, even if the touching was over clothes). More detailed descriptions precede each section on the type of gender violence and identity questions in the survey instrument. UH Survey participants experienced all four types of sexual harassment and gender-based violence, with the percentage experiencing such events varying by type. One in 16 (6.3%) UH students participating in the survey experienced nonconsensual sexual contact at any time while enrolled at UH, and just under 1 in 10 experienced sexual harassment (9.3%) or stalking (9.7%) at any time while enrolled at UH (Figure 1). The most common type of gender violence reported by UH Survey participants was dating/domestic violence, with 1 in 5 (19.1%) who were in a partnered relationship while enrolled at UH experiencing this. Figure 1. Percent of UH Student Participants System-wide Experiencing the Four Types of Gender Violence at Any Time While Enrolled Sexual Harassment 9.3% Stalking 9.7% Dating and Domestic Violence1 Nonconsensual Sexual Contact 19.1%1 6.3% Number of student participants: 6,311 1. The estimate of Dating/Domestic Violence was based on responses of students who had ever been in a partnered relationship while enrolled at UH (79% of all survey participants). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 27 Prevalences for the four-types of gender violence for the AAU survey are shown in Appendix I.B. While the questions were similar, the UH and AAU instruments were not identical, and the Appendix details the similarities and differences between the two designs that were the basis for estimates. Factors Associated with Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence A key objective of the UH Survey was to identify factors associated with sexual harassment and gender-based violence. Identifying such factors can help in fine tuning policies, procedures, preventive interventions, and supportive programs related to sexual harassment and gender-based violence. Demographic Characteristics Gender Identity. Survey participants’ self-reported gender identities (i.e., their perceptions of having a particular gender, which may or may not correspond with their birth sex) were significantly related to their experiences of all four types of sexual harassment and gender-based violence since enrolled at UH (Table 4). During enrollment at UH, significantly higher percentages of TGQN and female student participants experienced sexual harassment, stalking, dating/domestic violence, and nonconsensual sexual contact than males and those declining to state gender identity. TGQN survey participants’ rates of such experiences were consistently the highest, ranging from 32.9 percent for dating/domestic violence to 17.8 percent for stalking. Across each behavior, the percentage of female survey participants experiencing these events was two- to three-times larger than the percentage of males experiencing these events. Table 4: Percent of UH Student Participants System-wide Experiencing the Four Types of Gender Violence at Any Time While Enrolled, by Gender Identify Female Male TGQN Decline (n=3630) (n=2493) (n=113) (n=76) Four Types of Gender Violence Sexual Harassment Stalking Dating & Domestic Violence1 Nonconsensual Sexual Contact (Any of 4 tactics) 11.7%* 12.1%* 22.3%* 4.9% 5.5% 13.1% 24.1%* 17.8%* 32.9%* 15.3%* 14.0% 23.0% 8.5%* 2.5% 19.4%* 5.7% *Shows a statistically significant difference by gender identity. 1. The estimate of Dating/Domestic Violence was based on student participants who had ever been in a partnered relationship while enrolled at UH (79% of all survey participants). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 28 Sexual Orientation. Sexual orientation also was significantly associated with survey participants’ experiences of gender violence during their time enrolled at UH (Table 5). LGBN student participants had significantly higher rates of all four types of gender violence than those in the other sexual orientation groups. Table 5: Percent of UH Student Participants System-wide Experiencing the Four Types of Gender Violence at Any Time While Enrolled, by Sexual Orientation Heterosexual LGBN Decline (n=5186) (n=973) (n=130) Four Types of Gender Violence Sexual Harassment Stalking Dating & Domestic Violence1 Nonconsensual Sexual Contact (Any of 4 tactics) 8.3% 8.7% 17.7% 5.6% 14.3%* 14.5%* 25.9%* 10.1%* 12.1% 13.0% 25.4% 4.9% *Shows a statistically significant difference by sexual orientation. 1. The estimate of Dating/Domestic Violence was based on student participants who had ever been in a partnered relationship while enrolled at UH (79% of all survey participants). Ethnicity. Although there was variability, survey participants’ ethnic backgrounds also were associated with their rates of gender violence while enrolled at UH (Table 6). Caucasians participating in the survey reported higher rates of sexual harassment and non-consensual sexual contact compared to survey participants in other ethnic groups. In addition, Native Hawaiian survey participants were statistically more likely to report experiencing nonconsensual sexual contact compared to Filipinos. Table 6: Percent of UH Student Participants System-wide Experiencing the Four Types of Gender Violence at Any Time While Enrolled, by Ethnicity Caucasian (n=1023) Hawaiian (n=1507) Japanese (n=458) Filipino (n=982) Other (n=2203) 12.8%* 9.3% 18.4% 8.1% 9.5% 20.4% 9.2% 11.0% 18.1% 6.1% 8.0% 16.8% 9.5% 10.4% 19.9% 8.5%* 5.3%* 5.2% 3.3% 7.5% Four Types of Gender Violence Sexual Harassment Stalking Dating & Domestic Violence1 Nonconsensual Sexual Contact (Any of 4 tactics) *Shows a statistically significant difference by ethnicity. 1. The estimate of Dating/Domestic Violence was based on student participants who had ever been in a partnered relationship while enrolled at UH (79% of all survey participants). Disability. The UH Survey asked students if they had a disability registered with UH’s Disability Services or Office on Disabilities. While enrolled at UH, significantly greater percentages of survey participants with disabilities experienced three of the four types of sexual harassment and gender-based violence behaviors compared to survey participants without disabilities (Table 7). For sexual harassment and stalking, the percentages among those with disabilities were approximately twice those of survey participants without disabilities. For dating/domestic violence, the difference was 10 percentage points higher for those with disabilities compared to those without. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 29 Table 7: Percent of UH Student Participants System-wide Experiencing the Four Types of Gender Violence at Any Time While Enrolled, by Disability Status Yes (n=350) No (n=5911) 17.0%* 19.4%* 27.9%* 6.6% 8.8% 9.1% 18.7% 6.3% Four Types of Gender Violence Sexual Harassment Stalking Dating & Domestic Violence1 Nonconsensual Sexual Contact (Any of 4 tactics) *Shows a statistically significant difference by disability. 1. The estimate of Dating/Domestic Violence was based on student participants who had ever been in a partnered relationship while enrolled at UH (79% of all survey participants). Residence. Where survey participants lived during their enrollment at UH was associated with their experiences of three of the four types of gender violence (Table 8). The questionnaire gave students three descriptive choices about the status of where they lived: 1) Residence hall or other campus housing; 2) Off campus residence (house, apartment, etc.) within a 15-minute walk from UH; 3) Off campus residence (house, apartment, etc.) more than a 15-minute walk from UH. Within the UH System, university campus housing is available at UH Mānoa and UH Hilo. Student participants who lived in campus housing were almost twice as likely as those who lived within a 15-minute walking distance from campus to have experienced nonconsensual sexual contact (13.5% and 7.3% respectively), and they were almost three times more likely to have experienced this compared to those living more than 15 minutes away (5.0%). Significantly greater percentages of survey participants living in campus housing and those living within a 15minute walk from campus experienced stalking compared to those living more than 15 minutes away. Survey participants in campus housing also were significantly more likely to experience sexual harassment compared to others. Table 8: Percent of UH Student Participants System-wide Experiencing the Four Types of Gender Violence at Any Time While Enrolled, by Residence Campus Off Campus w/in Off Campus >15 Housing 15 min. walk min. walk (n=682) (n=947) (n=4682) Four Types of Gender Violence Sexual Harassment Stalking Dating/Domestic Violence1 Nonconsensual Sexual Contact (Any of 4 tactics) 12.9%* 13.8%* 19.4% 10.6% 11.3%* 21.0% 8.5% 8.7% 18.7% 13.5%* 7.3%* 5.0% *Shows a statistically significant difference by residential status. 1. The estimate of Dating/Domestic Violence was based on student participants who had ever been in a partnered relationship while enrolled at UH (79% of all survey participants). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 30 Academic-Related Characteristics Campus. While enrolled at UH, significantly greater percentages of UH Mānoa and UH Hilo survey participants experienced three of the four types of gender-based violence compared to survey participants in UH West O‘ahu and UH Community Colleges (Table 9). For sexual harassment, stalking and nonconsensual sexual contact, UH West O‘ahu and UH Community College survey participants reported about half the percentage levels as UH Mānoa and UH Hilo. While UH Hilo was slightly higher than UH Mānoa on stalking (12.5% and 11.9% respectively), UH Mānoa had statistically greater percentages of survey participants who experienced sexual harassment and nonconsensual sexual contact. Dating and domestic violence rates were not significantly different among survey participants from campus to campus. Subsequent sections of the report analyze each of the types of sexual harassment and gender-based violence in detail by university campuses (UH Mānoa, UH Hilo, and UH West O‘ahu) and by an aggregate of UH Community Colleges. Table 9: Percent of UH Student Participants System-wide Experiencing the Four Types of Gender Violence at Any Time While Enrolled, by System and Campus ALL UH CAMPUSES UH Mānoa (n=6311) (n=2197) UH Hilo (n=453) UH West O‘ahu (n=357) UH Community Colleges (n=3304) Four Types of Gender Violence Sexual Harassment 9.3% 13.1%* 10.4%* 5.4% 7.0% Stalking 9.7% 11.9%* 12.5%* 6.2% 8.2% 19.1% 19.8% 18.4% 17.8% 18.8% 6.3% 10.2%* 7.5%* 4.2% 3.7% Dating & Domestic Violence1 Nonconsensual Sexual Contact (Any of 4 tactics) *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. 1. The estimate of Dating/Domestic Violence was based on student participants who had ever been in a partnered relationship while enrolled at UH (79% of all survey participants). Type of Student. While enrolled at UH, a significantly greater percentage of graduate and professional school survey participants experienced sexual harassment (16.8%), roughly twofold the rate among university undergraduate and UH Community College survey participants (Table 10). Table 10: Percent of UH Student Participants System-wide Experiencing the Four Types of Gender Violence at Any Time While Enrolled, by Type of Student University Undergraduates (n=2327) Graduate and Professional (n=680) Community College (n=3304) Four Types of Gender Violence Sexual Harassment 10.3% 16.8%* 7.0% Stalking 10.9% 12.7% 8.2% Violence1 19.5% 18.8% 18.8% Nonconsensual Sexual Contact (Any of 4 tactics) 9.5% 7.7% 3.7% Dating & Domestic *Shows a statistically significant difference by type of student. 1. The estimate of Dating/Domestic Violence was based on student participants who had ever been in a partnered relationship while enrolled at UH (79% of all survey participants). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 31 Club Participation. Survey participants’ involvement in various types of clubs was associated with two of the four types of sexual harassment and gender-based violence (Table 11). Greater percentages of survey participants in clubs with a community service/culture or an academic/honor focus experienced sexual harassment and stalking. Greater percentages of survey participants in academic/honor clubs, athletics/sports clubs, community service/culture clubs, and fraternities/sororities/social clubs reported experiencing nonconsensual sexual contact than in other organizations. Table 11: Percent of UH Student Participants System-wide Experiencing the Four Types of Gender Violence at Any Time While Enrolled, by Club Participation Academic & Honor (n=1642) Athletics/ Sports (n=561) Community Service/ Culture (n=1613) Frats/ Sororities/ Social (n=951) Other (n=1184) 14.4%* 13.0% 24.0% 9.9% 13.4% 21.6% 15.3%* 15.2% 23.9% 12.9% 13.8% 23.7% 11.2% 12.9% 21.1% 9.6%* 12.2%* 9.5%* 11.3%* 6.5% Four Types of Gender Violence Sexual Harassment Stalking Dating/Domestic Violence1 Nonconsensual Sexual Contact (Any of 4 tactics) *Shows a statistically significant difference by club participation. 1. The estimate of Dating/Domestic Violence was based on student participants who had ever been in a partnered relationship while enrolled at UH (79% of all survey participants). The next sections present UH Survey results by the four types of sexual harassment and gender violence behaviors analyzed for this study. They include, in order of presentation:  Sexual Harassment  Stalking  Dating and Domestic Violence  Nonconsensual Sexual Contact UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 32 SEXUAL HARASSMENT SECTION UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 33 Survey Questions Used to Identify Sexual Harassment The UH Survey asked about sexual harassment and its impact during two time periods:  At any time while enrolled at UH  Since the beginning of the Fall 2016 term or the current academic year The UH Survey asked two sets of questions concerning sexual harassment, with each set of questions focusing on events that occurred during the two aforementioned time periods. The first set of questions (see survey items D1 to D5) focused on behavior, asking if a student or someone employed by or otherwise associated with UH did the following:  Made sexual remarks or jokes that are insulting or offensive to you  Made inappropriate offensive comments about your or someone else’s body, appearance or sexual activities  Said crude or gross sexual things to you or made unwelcomed attempts to get you to talk about sexual matters  Emailed, texted, tweeted, phoned, or instant-messaged offensive sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures or videos to you  Continued to ask you to go out, get dinner, have drinks or have sex even though you said no The second set of questions (survey item D6) focused on impact, asking students who experienced at least one of the aforementioned sexually harassing behaviors, if at least one of these incidents:  Interfered with their academic or professional performance; participation in an academic program; interaction with professors, other students or others for academic purposes; or attendance on campus; or  Created an intimidating, hostile or offensive social, academic or work environment. To be included in estimates of sexual harassment, survey participants had to answer “yes” to both sets of questions. Percent of Students Sexually Harassed at Any Time While Enrolled at UH Approximately 1 in 10 students (9.3%) reported experiencing sexual harassment at any time while enrolled at UH (Figure 2). A significantly greater percentage of students at UH Mānoa and UH Hilo campuses experienced sexual harassment while enrolled as compared to UH West O‘ahu and community college students. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 34 Percent of Students Sexually Harassed During the Current Academic Year During the current academic year, 5.7 percent of all UH survey participants reported experiencing sexual harassment. A significantly smaller percentage of participants at UH West O‘ahu experienced sexual harassment during the past year as compared to students at the other two universities and students at the community colleges. Figure 2: Percent of UH Student Participants Experiencing Sexual Harassment, by System and Campus (Two Time Periods) 25% 20% 13.1%* 15% 10% 9.3% 10.4%* ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6311) UH Mānoa (n=2197) UH Hilo (n=453) UH West O‘ahu (n=357) UH Community Colleges (n=3304) 5.4% 8.3% 7.0% 5.7% 5.7% 5% 4.4% 1.6%* 0% Any Time While Enrolled Current Academic Year *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Types of Sexual Harassment Experienced The percentage of students reporting specific types of sexual harassment behaviors by UHassociated individuals at any time while enrolled at UH ranged from 3.4 to 7.2 percent systemwide (Table 12). A greater percentage of students experienced sexual remarks/insulting/offensive jokes/stories and inappropriate comments regarding body/appearance/sexual activity than the other three types of sexual harassment. This pattern also was evident across three universities and community colleges. UH Mānoa and UH Hilo students experienced significantly higher rates of all/most types of sexual harassment behaviors compared to UH West O‘ahu and UH Community Colleges, with UH Mānoa students reporting the highest rates of offensive sexual communications using electronic and digital media. Table 12: Percent of UH Student Participants Experiencing Various Types of Sexual Harassment from a University-Associated Individual At Any Time While Enrolled, by System and Campus ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6311) UH Mānoa (n=2197) UH Hilo (n=453) UH West O‘ahu (n=357) UH Community Colleges (n=3304) 7.2% 10.4%* 7.8%* 4.5% 5.3% 7.2% 10.9%* 8.3%* 3.8% 5.0% 4.8% 7.3%* 5.5%* 2.6% 3.2% 3.9% 5.8%* 4.4%* 2.0% 2.9% 3.4% 5.5%* 3.7% 1.8% 2.2% Types of Sexual Harassment Made sexual remarks, or insulting/ offensive jokes or stories Made inappropriate comments regarding body, appearance, or sexual activity Said crude or gross sexual things or tried to engage in sexual conversation Asked to go out, get dinner, drinks, or have sex, despite refusal Transmitted offensive sexual remarks, stories, jokes, pictures, videos via email, text, tweet, phone, instant message, or post on social media *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 35 Factors Associated with Experiencing Sexual Harassment While enrolled at UH, a significantly greater percentage of graduate/professional students experienced sexual harassment compared to university undergraduates and community college students. One in 6 graduate students (16.8%) experienced sexual harassment compared to 10.3 percent of university undergraduates and 7.0 percent of community college students. Within each gender identity, the largest percentage of those who experienced sexual harassment was graduate/professional students. Among females, graduate/professional students experienced the highest rate (21.4%), followed by LGBN (14.3%). Among males, graduate/professional students had the highest rate (8.4%). The TGQN graduate/professional student sample was small; thus, reliable estimates of sexual harassment cannot be computed for this subgroup. Students identifying as TGQN undergraduates at university campuses had the highest rate of sexual harassment (29.0%) compared to their female and male counterparts (Table A-1a to Table A-1d in Appendix). Among UH students system-wide, the percentage of students reporting sexual harassment was somewhat greater among survey participants who identified as Caucasian (12.8%), Japanese (9.2%) or Other (9.5%) (Table A-1e in Appendix). With the exception of female graduate/professional students (and only slightly, 48.9%), the majority of survey participants reporting sexual harassment said it had occurred since Fall 2016, from 52.7 percent for male graduate students to 68.7 percent for male students in community colleges. Number of Persons Who Sexually Harassed a Student Among students sexually harassed at any time while enrolled at UH, 40.4 percent had one offender, 33.2 percent had two offenders and 26.4 percent had three or more offenders (Table 13). A significantly larger percentage of community college students were sexually harassed by only one person compared to students from UH Mānoa and UH Hilo campuses who were more likely to experience sexual harassment by multiple offenders. Table 13: Percent of Sexually Harassed UH Student Participants with One or More Offenders at Any Time While Enrolled, by System and Campus ALL UH UH UH UH West UH Community CAMPUSES Mānoa Hilo O‘ahu Colleges (n=585) (n=288) (n=47) (n=19) (n=230) Number of Offenders 1 offender 2 offenders 3 or more offenders 40.4% 33.2% 26.4% 35.7% 35.1% 29.1% 36.5% 34.0% 29.5% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 36 51.3% 24.5% 24.2% 46.2%* 31.3% 22.5% The number of persons who sexually harassed students varied by the survey participant’s gender identity and where they were enrolled (Table A-1a to Table A-1d in Appendix). The number of offenders reported by female graduate/professional students were almost evenly split: approximately a third reported one (33.8%), two (35.1%) or three or more (31.1%) persons. In contrast, among male university undergraduates, the largest percent of survey participants experiencing sexual harassment reported two offenders (43.3%). Number of Sexual Harassment Incidents During the Current Academic Year Among All Students Ever Sexually Harassed While Enrolled at UH Among all UH System students who had ever been sexually harassed while enrolled, almost twothirds (64.3%) had experienced one or more incidents of sexual harassment within the current academic year (Table 14). Of those harassed during the past year, just over a third (34.1%) were harassed 1-2 times, 21.1 percent 3-5 times, and 9.1 percent 6 or more times. Similar patterns held across UH Mānoa, UH Hilo and UH Community Colleges. However, for UH West O‘ahu, only one third of students who had been sexually harassed while enrolled also were sexually harassed at least once during the current academic year. Table 14: Among All UH Student Participants Sexually Harassed While Enrolled at UH, Percent of Student Participants Sexually Harassed by Number of Incidents During the Current Academic Year by System and Campus ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=558) UH Mānoa (n=278) UH Hilo (n=45) UH West O‘ahu (n=18) UH Community Colleges (n=216) 35.7% 17.9% 16.2% 21.1% 3.5% 5.6% 34.4% 18.3% 20.4% 19.0% 3.5% 4.5% 43.4% 14.7% 13.9% 21.1% 2.5% 4.4% 68.2%* 18.6% 2.3%* 8.5% 2.3% -- 33.0% 18.2% 12.4% 24.9%* 3.8% 7.7% Number of Sexual Harassment Incidents 0 times 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Sexual Harasser’s Association (or Non-Association) with UH Examination of students’ sexual harassment experiences at any time while enrolled at UH showed that most survey participants described the offender as being a UH student (81.2%) (Figure 3), followed by UH faculty, staff and other UH-associated personnel (33.9%). One in 5 offenders (20.3%) were not UH associated, or the offender’s association to UH was unknown. UH Mānoa survey participants experiencing harassment were the most likely to report that the offender was a UH faculty, staff or other UH associated personnel (38.2%). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 37 Figure 3: Percent of Sexually Harassed UH Student Participants at Any Time While Enrolled and Offender's Association Or Non-Association With UH by System and Campus1 150% 9.9% 11.2%* 11.0% 11.4%* 33.9% 38.2% 35.9% 81.2% 80.9% 87.4% 10.8% 9.5% 100% 50% 3.3% 2.9% 37.3% 12.7%* 7.4% 84.6% 80.0% 27.9% Don't know association with UH Not UH Associated Faculty & Staff Student 0% ALL UH CAMPUSES UH Mānoa UH Hilo (n=585) (n=288) (n=47) UH West O‘ahu (n=19) UH Community Colleges (n=230) *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. 1. Percentages may exceed 100% due to multiple responses. Among female undergraduates (including university undergraduates and community college students), students (85.1%) were the most likely offenders, followed by faculty (25.4%), those not associated with UH (10.4%) and persons of unknown association with UH (10.0%) (Figure 4). However, among female graduate students, this pattern was somewhat different, with a greater percentage of offenders being faculty/staff (52.6%). It was noticeable that faculty, staff and other UH associated personnel were the harasser reported by over twice the percentage of female graduate/professional students compared to the percentage of female undergraduate students (52.6% vs 25.4%, respectively). Figure 4: Percent of Sexually Harassed UH Female Student Participants at Any Time While Enrolled and Offender's Association Or Non-Association With UH by System and Campus1 150% 100% 50% 9.9% 6.5% 10.0% 10.4% 25.4% Don't know association with UH 52.6%* Not UH Associate Faculty & Staff 85.1%* 68.7% 0% Female Undergraduate Students Female Graduate Students (n=338) (n=86) *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. 1. Percentages may exceed 100% due to multiple responses. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 38 Student A student offender was the most common among university undergraduates (females, 87.6%; males, 92.3%). (Table A-1a to Table A-1d in Appendix). Turning to ethnicity, a larger percentage of Caucasian survey participants system-wide reported being sexually harassed at any time while enrolled by faculty, staff and other UH associated personnel (43.8%) compared to other ethnic groups (Table A-1e in Appendix). Sexual Harasser’s Relationship to Student Participant Experiencing Harassment Students identified that a friend, acquaintance or classmate (63.7%) was the most common sexual harasser, followed by a stranger (34.9%) (Table A-1a to Table A-1d in Appendix). Noteworthy was that among graduate/professional male students, they identified a co-worker, boss, or supervisor as the second most common sexual harasser (41.8%). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 39 STALKING SECTION UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 40 Survey Questions Used to Identify Stalking To meet the UH Survey definition of stalking, students had to have answered affirmatively to at least one of the following questions (see items E1 to E3 on the survey).  At any time while enrolled at UH, has anyone repeatedly (more than once):  Made unwanted phone calls, spread rumors about you, or sent emails, voice, text or instant messages, or posted messages, pictures or videos on social networking sites…  Showed up somewhere or waited for you when you did not want that person to be there…  Spied on, watched or followed you, either in person or using devices or software… …In a way that made you afraid for your personal safety or caused you emotional distress. Note that this definition of stalking clarified that such behaviors were repeated and either made one afraid for one’s personal safety or caused emotional distress. Percent of Students Stalked at Any Time While Enrolled at UH Stalking was reported by approximately 1 in 10 students (9.7%) at any time while enrolled at UH (Figure 5). Stalking rates were 12.5 percent at UH Hilo, slightly higher than UH Mānoa and significantly higher than at UH West O‘ahu or UH Community Colleges. Percent of Students Stalked During the Current Academic Year During the current academic year, 6.0 percent of students reported having experienced stalking (Figure 5). Prevalence levels varied by campus, with UH West O‘ahu showing a rate that was significantly lower than the rates at the other two university campuses or community colleges. Figure 5: Percent of UH Student Participants Experiencing Stalking, by System and Campus (Two Time Periods) 25% 20% 15% 10% 11.9%* 12.5%* ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6311) UH Mānoa (n=2197) UH Hilo (n=453) UH West O‘ahu (n=357) UH Community Colleges (n=3304) 9.7% 8.2% 6.2% 6.0% 5% 6.9% 8.1% 5.4% 3.0%* 0% Any Time While Enrolled Current Academic Year *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Types of Stalking Experienced Examination of stalking experiences at any time while enrolled in the UH System showed that the most frequent types of stalking behaviors included making unwanted phone calls, spreading rumors, or sending electronic messages (6.1%), followed by showing up or waiting when the UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 41 student did not want the person there (5.3%) and being spied on, watched or followed (4.0%) (Table 15). UH Mānoa and UH Hilo had significantly higher rates of all/most of the types of stalking behaviors in comparison with UH West O‘ahu and UH community colleges. Table 15: Percent of UH Student Participants Experiencing Various Types of Stalking at Any Time While Enrolled, by System and Campus ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6311) UH Mānoa (n=2197) UH Hilo (n=453) UH West O‘ahu (n=357) UH Community Colleges (n=3304) 6.1% 7.7%* 9.1%* 4.3% 4.9% 5.3% 5.9%* 6.3% 3.7% 4.9% 4.0% 4.8%* 5.2%* 2.3% 3.5% Types of Stalking Made unwanted phone calls, spread rumors about you, or sent emails, voice, text or instant messages... Showed up somewhere or waited for you when you did not want that person to be there... Spied on, watched or followed you, either in person or using devices... *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Factors Associated with Stalking Examination of factors associated with stalking at any time while enrolled at UH found that students identifying as TGQN university undergraduates had the highest rates of stalking (29.3%), followed by university students who declined to state gender identity (16.1%), female graduate/professional students (15.3%), and LGBN students (14.5%) (Table A-2a to Table A-2d in Appendix). (Data for graduate/professional TGQN students and graduate/professional students who declined to provide their gender were not presented due to a sample size below the reporting minimum). Prevalences also differed by ethnicity with rates higher for survey participants of Japanese (11.0%) and other (10.4%) ethnic backgrounds (Table A-2e in Appendix). Number of Persons Who Stalked a Student The majority of stalking incidents against UH students any time while enrolled in the UH system involved one offender (70.2%), a pattern seen in each of the UH university campuses and the UH Community Colleges (Table 16). This same pattern was seen across all gender identities (e.g. females, male, and TGQN), sexual orientation, and ethnicities. However, it was noteworthy that a significantly higher percentage of LGBN survey participants stalked reported two or more stalkers (43%). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 42 Table 16: Percent of Stalked UH Student Participants with One or More Offenders at Any Time While Enrolled, by System and Campus ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=599) UH Mānoa (n=259) UH Hilo (n=53) UH West O‘ahu (n=22) UH Community Colleges (n=264) 70.2% 19.8% 10.0% 70.8% 18.3% 10.8% 68.4% 22.7% 8.9% 64.0% 19.7% 16.3% 70.4% 20.6% 9.0% Number of Offenders 1 offender 2 offenders 3 or more offenders Number of Stalking Incidents During the Current Academic Year Among All Students Ever Stalked While Enrolled at UH Among student participants stalked at any time while enrolled at UH, more than 3 in 5 (62.6%) reported that incidents happened since Fall 2016, except for female graduate/professional students. The majority of their stalking incidents (60.7%) happened before Fall 2016 (Table 17). The number of times these students have been stalked in the current academic year varied, with about 1 in 5 system-wide reporting one incident, 1 in 6 reporting either two or three to five incidents (15.3% and 16.6% respectively), and 9.4 percent reporting 6 or more incidents. This was a similar pattern across all campuses, except UH West O‘ahu, where a higher percent of survey participants experiencing stalking (51.7%) reported no stalking incidents during the current school year. Table 17: Among All UH Student Participants Stalked While Enrolled at UH, Percent of Student Participants Stalked by Number of Incidents During the Current Academic Year, by System and Campus Number of Stalking Incidents 0 times 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=603) UH Mānoa (n=257) UH Hilo (n=56) UH West O‘ahu (n=22) UH Community Colleges (n=268) 37.4% 21.4% 15.3% 16.6% 5.5% 3.9% 40.8% 20.8% 12.2% 18.4% 4.4% 3.5% 33.7% 25.7%* 19.3% 12.1% 6.6% 2.6% 51.7% 10.5% 19.0% 8.0% 10.8% -- 33.7% 22.0% 17.1% 16.4% 5.9% 4.9% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Stalker’s Association (or Non-Association) with UH The majority of survey participants stalked while enrolled at UH reported that the person stalking them was a student (68.4%) (Figure 6). This pattern was consistent across campuses. This pattern also was seen across various gender identities, sexual orientations and ethnicities (Table A-2a to Table A-2f in Appendix). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 43 Figure 6: Percent of UH Student Participants Stalked While Enrolled at UH and Offender's Association or Non-Association with UH, by System and Campus1 150% 100% 10.4% 23.0% 14.1% 10.8%* 21.6% 15.7% 9.5% 16.8% 2.5% 36.0%* 22.8%* 18.9% 10.9% 24.7% 10.4% Don’t know association with UH Not UH Associated Faculty & Staff 50% 68.4% 68.5% 70.4% 71.0% 67.7% UH Hilo UH West O‘ahu UH Community Colleges Student 0% ALL UH UH Mānoa CAMPUSES (n=601) (n=259) (n=54) (n=21) (n=267) *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. 1. Percentages may exceed 100% due to multiple responses. Stalker’s Relationship to Survey Participants Experiencing Stalking In describing the relationship of the offender to the student participant who experienced stalking, students most often indicated that it was a friend, acquaintance or classmate (46.0%), followed by a stranger (31.6%). There was little variance across gender identity, or sexual orientation. However, the pattern was slightly different for certain ethnic groups and enrollment levels. For example, Caucasian survey participants most often reported that the offender was a stranger (42.6%), rather than a friend, acquaintance or classmate (41.4%). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 44 DATING AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SECTION (ALSO CALLED INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE) UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 45 Survey Questions Used to Identify Dating/Domestic Violence The measure of dating and domestic violence captured violence associated with intimate relationships that would not be captured in other questions about gender-based violence. In contrast to questions on other types of sexual harassment or misconduct that were posed to all students, the dating/domestic violence questions were administered only to students who indicated that they had been in “any partnered relationships” at any time while enrolled at UH. A partnered relationship included (see survey questions A13):  Casual relationship or hook-up,  Steady or serious relationship, or  Marriage, civil union, domestic partnership or living together with a romantic partner To be classified as having experienced dating/domestic violence, students had to indicate that a partner had done one of the following “at any time while enrolled at UH” (see survey questions F1 to F5):  Controlled or tried to control what you do? Examples include:  Kept you from going to classes or pursuing your educational goals  Made decisions for you such as what you wear or eat or where you go  Prevented you from taking or forced you to take birth control  Forced you to get an abortion or controlled your body in other ways  Controlled your finances, spent your money, or accessed your bank accounts, credit cards, etc. without your permission  Controlled if, when or where you work  Threatened to physically harm you, someone or something you love or themselves? Examples include:  Threatened you, family, friends, or other loved ones  Drove recklessly so that you feel at risk of injury or death  Threatened to harm/kill themselves  Threatened to harm or take your children or your pets  Damaged your personal property  Used any kind of physical force against you? Examples include:  Choked, slapped, punched, pushed, bit, kicked or physically harmed you  Hit you with something other than a fist (e.g., lamp, chair)  Used a weapon against you, or otherwise physically hurt or injured you  Prevented you from leaving a room or location UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 46  Isolated you from or tried to control your relationships or social activities? Examples include:  Controlled or accessed without your permission your means of communications such as phone calls, text messages, social media, email, or other means of communications with others  Did not allow you to see, talk or visit friends, family or spiritual advisers  Told you where you can or cannot go  Prevented you from doing things you love  Controlled how others see you or how you see yourself in a manipulating, negative, or harmful way? Examples include:  Spread rumors or damaging or hurtful information about you whether orally, through telecommunications or on social media  Threatened to expose sexual or other confidential information about you without your agreement  Insulted or verbally abused you  Shamed you in public  Accused you of cheating  Played mind games, accused you of being crazy or imagining things by manipulating the facts or the environment (such as gas lighting) Percent of Students Experiencing Dating/Domestic Violence At Any Time While Enrolled at UH Dating/domestic violence was the most common of the four types of sexual harassment and gender-based violence experienced by UH student participants. Almost 1 in 5 survey participants who had been in a partnered relationship while enrolled at UH experienced dating and domestic violence (Figure 7). In contrast with other types of behaviors, dating and domestic violence results by campus were noteworthy in that they were surprisingly consistent for UH Mānoa, UH Hilo, UH West O‘ahu, and UH Community College campuses. The percentage of students experiencing dating/domestic violence at any time while enrolled at UH varied minimally at two percentage points across campuses, from 19.8 percent at UH Mānoa to 17.8 percent at UH West O‘ahu. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 47 Percent of Students Experiencing Dating/Domestic Violence During the Current Academic Year During the current academic year, approximately 1 in 10 survey participants in the UH System (10.6%) reported experiencing dating and domestic violence, with a similar rate of dating/domestic violence being seen across all campuses (Figure 7). Figure 7: Percent of UH Student Participants Experiencing Dating/Domestic Violence, by System and Campus (Two Time Periods) ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=4984) UH Mānoa (n=1734) UH Hilo (n=364) UH West O‘ahu (n=293) UH Community Colleges (n=2594) 25% 20% 19.1% 19.8% 18.4% 17.8% 18.8% 15% 10.6% 10.5% 10.4% 10% 9.5% 10.7% 5% 0% Any Time While Enrolled Current Academic Year Types of Dating/Domestic Violence Experienced The tactics used by dating/domestic violence offenders varied little within the UH System and across UH campuses. Examination of dating/domestic violence experienced by students within the UH System at any time while enrolled showed that 11.8 percent indicated that their partner controlled how others saw them, 10.8 percent that their partner isolated them or tried to control their relationships, and 9.5 percent that their partner controlled what they did (Table 18). Although UH West O‘ahu had the highest levels of survey participants reporting that their partners threatened them with physical harm (11.2%), this level was not significantly different from the levels of such threats on other campuses. Table 18: Percent of UH Student Participants Experiencing Various Types of Dating/Domestic Violence at Any Time While Enrolled, by System and Campus Types of Dating/Domestic Violence Partner controlled or tried to control what you do Partner threatened to physically harm you Partner used any kind of physical force against you Partner isolated you from or tried to control your relationships Partner controlled how others see you UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=4984) UH Mānoa (n=1734) UH Hilo (n=364) 9.5% 9.8% 9.2% 10.2% 9.3% 8.6% 7.7% 10.0% 11.2% 8.7% 7.5% 7.6% 7.9% 7.7% 7.3% 10.8% 10.6% 10.5% 10.6% 11.0% 11.8% 12.4% 11.8% 9.4% 11.8% 48 UH West UH Community O‘ahu Colleges (n=293) (n=2594) Factors Associated with Experiencing Dating/Domestic Violence Several factors were associated with dating/domestic violence system-wide while enrolled at UH. Across gender identities, survey participants identifying as TGQN had the largest rate of dating/domestic violence (Table A-3a to Table A-3d in Appendix): 40.3 percent of undergraduate university students, and 29.6 percent of community college students. Among females, the percentages were similar across enrollment levels, ranging from 21.5 percent (graduate/professional survey participants) to 22.6 percent (university undergraduates). This pattern was reflected in the pattern among males as well, ranging from 12.8 percent (community college students) to 13.6 percent (university undergraduates). In terms of sexual orientation, LGBN prevalence was 25.9 percent contrasted with 17.7 percent for heterosexuals (Table A-3f in Appendix). Student survey participants with disabilities also showed a significantly larger prevalence (27.9%) compared to students without disabilities (18.7%). Number of Dating/Domestic Violence Incidents During Current Academic Year Among All Students Ever Experiencing Dating/Domestic Violence While Enrolled at UH Among student participants experiencing dating and domestic violence overall, the majority reported that incidents happened since the Fall 2016 (55.6%) (Table 19). For female graduate/professional students (45.3%), this was not the case (Table A-3a to Table A-3d in Appendix). Most of their experiences were before the current academic year. About equal numbers of 1 in 7 reported one incident (14.0%), two incidents (14.2%) and three to five incidents (16.1%), while 11.2 percent reported 6 or more incidents. Patterns were very similar across UH Mānoa, UH Hilo, UH West O‘ahu and UH Community Colleges. Table 19: Among All UH Student Participants Experiencing Dating/Domestic Violence While Enrolled at UH, Percent of Student Participants Experiencing Dating/Domestic Violence by Number of Incidents During Current Academic Year, by System and Campus ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=948) UH Mānoa (n=342) UH Hilo (n=66) UH West O‘ahu (n=52) UH Community Colleges (n=488) 44.4% 14.0% 14.2% 16.1% 4.3% 6.9% 46.6% 15.0% 14.5% 15.0% 2.8% 6.1% 43.0% 14.8% 12.3% 17.3% 5.5% 7.2% 46.9% 12.3% 18.9% 9.3% 9.2% 3.4% 42.9% 13.5% 13.8% 17.3%* 4.6% 7.9% Number of Incidents 0 times 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 49 NONCONSENSUAL SEXUAL CONTACT SECTION UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 50 Survey Questions Used to Identify Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Nonconsensual sexual contact information was probed using a number of variables --- Time period, types of contact, and tactics used --- and was analyzed both discretely and in different combinations. The UH Survey asked about nonconsensual contact for two time periods:  At any time while enrolled at UH; and  During the current academic year (Fall 2016 to present Spring 2017 when the survey was launched). For each of these time periods, students were asked about two types of nonconsensual sexual contact (See question G1 and G2):  Sexual Penetration Examples of sexual penetration included:  Sexual penetration: When one person puts a penis, fingers, or object inside someone else’s vagina or anus  Oral sex: When someone’s mouth or tongue makes contact with someone else’s vagina, penis, or anus  Sexual Touching (also referenced as non-penetrative nonconsensual sexual contact) Examples of sexual touching included:  Kissing you  Touching your breast, chest, crotch, genitals, groin or buttocks  Grabbing, groping or rubbing against you in a sexual way, even if the touching was over your clothes Students were asked about the nonconsensual sexual contact that was the result of the following tactics (see question G1C and G2C):  Physical force  Someone used physical force or threats of physical force  Someone attempted to use physical force or threats of physical force but did not succeed  Incapacitation - You were unable to consent or stop what was happening because you were passed out, asleep or incapacitated due to drugs or alcohol  Coercion - Someone threatened serious but non-physical harm or promised rewards  Absence of affirmative consent - It happened without your active, ongoing voluntary agreement UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 51 The following estimates were based on students’ responses to the UH Survey questions that asked about these behaviors and tactics. Estimates were calculated for all behaviors and tactics, for each behavior and specific combinations of tactics. To assess the overall risk of nonconsensual sexual contact, estimates for the two types of behaviors and the four tactics (physical force or threat of physical force or attempted use of physical force, drugs and alcohol, coercion, and absence of affirmative consent) were calculated for any time while enrolled at UH and during the current academic year (since Fall 2016). Percent of Students Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Contact At Any Time While Enrolled at UH One in 16 UH Survey participants system-wide (6.3%) reported nonconsensual sexual contact involving one of the four tactics (Figure 8) at any time while enrolled at UH. There was significant variation across campuses, with significantly higher rates at UH Mānoa (10.2%) and UH Hilo (7.5%) compared to UH West O’ahu (4.2%) and the UH Community Colleges (3.7%). Figure 8: Percent of UH Student Participants Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Contact1 by System and Campus (Two Time Periods) 25% 20% 15% 10.2%* 10% 6.3% 5% 7.5%* ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6311) UH Mānoa (n=2197) UH Hilo (n=453) UH West O‘ahu (n=357) UH Community Colleges (n=3304) 4.2% 3.7% 2.8% 4.7%* 3.8%* 1.3% 1.5% 0% Any Time While Enrolled Current Academic Year *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. 1. This includes Nonconsensual Sexual Contact achieved by any of the tactics used by offender. Percent of Students Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Contact During the Current Academic Year As shown in Figure 8, 1 in 35 UH survey participants (2.8%) reported nonconsensual sexual contact system-wide during the current academic year. This time period provides the most current prevalence and is relevant to policy and program development. UH Mānoa and UH Hilo (4.7% and 3.8% respectively) reported statistically higher prevalences than UH West O‘ahu and the UH Community Colleges (1.3% and 1.5%). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 52 Percent of Students Experiencing Sexual Penetration and Sexual Touching at Any Time While Enrolled at UH Examination of the types of nonconsensual sexual contact experienced system-wide while enrolled at UH showed that the prevalence of sexual touching was two and a half times higher than sexual penetration (5.4% and 2.4% respectively) (Figure 9) among survey participants. At UH Mānoa the difference in prevalence between sexual touching and sexual penetration was larger by +5.5 percentage points, and at UH Hilo by +3.8 percentage points. Similarly, 3.1 percent of the community college survey participants experienced sexual touching as a result of one of the four tactics compared to roughly half this percent (1.6%) who experienced sexual penetration. Compared with other campuses, significantly greater percentages of survey participants at UH Mānoa and UH Hilo reported experiencing sexual penetration and sexual touching. This difference between the two types of nonconsensual sexual behavior was also seen among sub-groups at greater risk. For example, 20.1 percent of TGQN undergraduate survey participants on university campuses reported experiencing sexual touching resulting from one of the four tactics compared to 9.4 percent who reported experiencing sexual penetration since enrollment at UH (Table A-8a to Table A-8c in Appendix). Figure 9: Percent of UH Student Participants Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Involving Sexual Penetration and Sexual Touching1 at Any Time While Enrolled by System and Campus ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6311) UH Mānoa (n=2197) UH Hilo (n=453) UH West O‘ahu (n=357) UH Community Colleges (n=3304) 25% 20% 15% 9.1%* 10% 5% 2.4% 3.6%* 2.6% 5.4% 1.2% 1.6% 6.4%* 3.5% 3.1% 0% Penetration Sexual Touching * Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. 1. Includes Nonconsensual Sexual Contact achieved by offenders using any tactic. Examination of nonconsensual sexual contact rates for the current academic year by year of study showed that for the UH System, prevalences did not decline from freshman year to senior year (Table 20). Instead, prevalences among survey participants who were freshmen and among seniors were almost identical at 3.1 percent and 3.0 percent respectively, though they dipped slightly among sophomores (2.4%) and juniors (2.6%). This pattern was similar at UH West O‘ahu. At UH Community Colleges, prevalences remained consistent year to year, varying only 0.2 percentage points across the four years. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 53 However, the pattern differed at UH Mānoa and UH Hilo. Among survey participants at both of these campuses, the prevalence of nonconsensual sexual contact declined from freshman to senior years, with a larger percentage of freshmen reporting nonconsensual sexual contact compared to students in the three other years of study. For example, at UH Mānoa, prevalence declined by almost half, from a high of 8.8 percent among freshmen survey participants to 4.3 percent among seniors. At UH Hilo, the prevalence dropped 3.3 percentage points from 7.6 percent among freshman survey participants to 4.3 percent among senior participants. Table 20: Percent of UH Student Participants in Various Years of Study Who Experienced Nonconsensual Sexual Contact During Current Academic Year by System and Campus1 ALL UH UH UH UH West UH Community CAMPUSES Mānoa Hilo O‘ahu Colleges Year of Study Freshman 3.1% 8.8% 7.6% 1.4% 1.5% Sophomore 2.4% 5.1% 4.6% 3.8% 1.6% Junior 2.6% 5.1% 1.5% 0.5% 1.4% Senior 3.0% 4.3% 4.3% 1.0% 1.5% Graduate/ 2.4% 2.6% 1.2% Professional 1. Number of students participating varies by year of study and campus. Prevalence During UH Tenure To estimate an overall risk for a student’s expected length of tenure while enrolled at UH, it was necessary to standardize for the exposure to risk by time period. This was done by separately examining estimates for prevalence “at any time while enrolled at UH” among the subset of survey participants who were either university seniors or community college students enrolled for four or more years. Among university seniors, 10.7 percent reported experiencing nonconsensual sexual contact involving one of the four tactics at any time while enrolled at UH (Table A-6a in Appendix). As with students from the UH System overall, a larger percentage of survey participants from this sub-group reported experiencing sexual touching (9.3%) compared to those who experienced penetration (4.7%). Among community college 4th year and plus students, 4.1 percent said they experienced nonconsensual sexual contact involving one of the four tactics at any time while enrolled at UH (Table A-6b in Appendix). Like the university seniors and survey participants system-wide, a larger percentage in this sub-group experienced sexual touching compared to penetration (3.5% versus 1.3%). By their senior year, female or TGQN survey participants were more likely to have experienced nonconsensual sexual penetration or sexual touching than male students. Among survey participants who were university seniors, those identifying as TGQN and females had the highest rates of nonconsensual sexual contact (17.7% and 16.1% respectively). Relative to their male UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 54 counterparts, whose rate was 3.0 percent, prevalences of female and TGQN survey participants were more than five-fold larger for this type of gender violence. Tactics Used by the Offender to Commit Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Specific tactics and combinations of tactics used in nonconsensual sexual contact was analyzed in depth to inform both policy makers and prevention program developers. Two tactics (physical force whether threatened, completed or attempted, and incapacitation due to being passed out, asleep or incapacitated due to drugs or alcohol) generally meet the legal definition of sexual assault or rape (penetration) and sexual battery (sexual touching). The other two tactics (coercion or absence of active, ongoing voluntary agreement) are generally violations of college and university student codes of conduct, including at UH. All Four Tactics: Physical Force, Incapacitation, Coercion, or Absence of Active, Ongoing Voluntary Agreement Rates of nonconsensual sexual contact by type of tactic used by the offender showed variation across UH campuses (Table 21). Across all tactical combinations, 6.3 percent of UH survey participants system-wide experienced nonconsensual sexual contact by any tactic at any time while enrolled. UH Mānoa had the highest reported percentage (10.2%), followed by UH Hilo (7.5%). UH Community Colleges survey participants reported the lowest rate (3.7%), with next lowest at UH West O‘ahu (4.2%). This prevalence pattern held across all four tactics. Physical Force or Incapacitation Completed or attempted nonconsensual sexual contact by physical force or threat of physical force or while incapacitated are considered the most serious types of gender violence. Overall, 3.2 percent of UH survey participants system-wide experienced nonconsensual sexual contact involving these two tactics since enrolling at UH. Survey participants from UH Mānoa reported the highest rate of 5.0 percent, followed by UH Hilo, 3.6 percent. Each rate was significantly higher than the rates reported by student participants at UH West O‘ahu and UH Community Colleges. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 55 Table 21: Percent of UH Student Participants Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Contact by Types of Tactics at Any Time While Enrolled by System and Campus ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6311) UH Mānoa (n=2197) UH Hilo (n=453) UH West UH Community O‘ahu Colleges (n=357) (n=3304) 6.3% 10.2%* 7.5%* 4.2% 3.7% 2.4% 3.6%* 2.6% 1.2% 1.6% 5.4% 9.1%* 6.4%* 3.5% 3.1% 3.5% 5.4%* 3.8% 2.6% 2.3% 1.8% 2.7%* 1.8% 0.8% 1.2% 2.6% 4.1%* 2.9% 2.1% 1.6% 3.2% 5.0%* 3.6%* 2.4% 2.0% 1.7% 2.5%* 1.7% 0.6% 1.2% 2.3% 3.8%* 2.7%* 1.9% 1.3% 2.7% 4.2% 2.3% 1.5% 1.8% 1.5% 2.4%* 1.5% 0.5% 1.1% 1.8% 3.0% 1.5% 1.0% 1.2% 2.0% 2.8%* 2.7%* 2.1% 1.3% 0.9% 1.1% 1.2% 0.6% 0.7% 1.5% 2.3%* 2.0% 1.6% 0.9% Types of Tactics Used by Offender Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using physical force Penetration Sexual Touching *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Coercion Coercive tactics include when someone threatens serious but non-physical harm or promises rewards (see questionnaire items G1, G1-C and G1-E and G2, G2-C and G2-E). Nonconsensual sexual contact involving coercion was experienced by less than 1 percent (0.8%) of all UH survey participants. Across campuses, the range was very small (less than one percentage point), with UH Mānoa showing the highest rate (1.0%) and UH Hilo the lowest (0.4%) (Table 22). Table 22: Percent of UH Student Participants Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Contact by Coercion at Any Time While Enrolled By System and Campus Coercion Penetration Sexual Touching ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6311) UH Mānoa (n=2197) UH Hilo (n=453) UH West O‘ahu (n=357) UH Community Colleges (n=3304) 0.8% 0.3% 0.5% 1.0%* 0.5%* 0.6%* 0.4% 0.3% 0.1% 0.7% 0.5% 0.3% 0.7% 0.2% 0.5% * Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 56 Across gender identities, survey participants identifying as TGQN had the largest percentage reporting a coercive nonconsensual sexual contact incident since entering UH (5.1%), followed by those who declined to indicate their gender identity (3.4%), females (1.0%) and males (0.1%) (Tables A-5a to Table A-5d in Appendix). The percentage of students experiencing sexual touching was greater than or equal to the percentage experiencing penetration. A similar overall pattern was evident in the estimates of nonconsensual sexual contact by coercion during the current school year. Survey participants identifying as TGQN had the largest percentage reporting a nonconsensual sexual contact incident (1.6%), followed by those who declined to indicate their gender identity (1.3%), females (0.5%) and males (0.1%). Absence of Active, Ongoing Voluntary Agreement Absence of affirmative consent defines a tactic involving nonconsensual sexual contact without the student’s active, ongoing voluntary agreement (see questionnaire items G1, G1-C and G1- E and G2, G2-C and G2-E). Since enrollment, less than 5 percent of UH survey participants system-wide reported experiencing nonconsensual sexual contact without active, ongoing voluntary agreement since enrolling (Table 23). UH Mānoa had the highest percentage of students with such experiences (7.7%), followed by UH Hilo (5.3%), UH West O‘ahu (3.1%), and UH Community Colleges (2.7%). Table 23: Percent of UH Student Participants Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Contact without Active, Ongoing and Voluntary Agreement at Any Time While Enrolled By System and Campus ALL UH UH UH UH West UH Community CAMPUSES Mānoa Hilo O‘ahu Colleges (n=6311) (n=2197) (n=453) (n=357) (n=3304) Absence of 4.7% 7.7%* 5.3%* 3.1% 2.7% affirmative consent Penetration 1.5% 2.2%* 1.5% 0.9% 1.0% Sexual Touching 4.0% 6.8%* 4.7%* 2.4% 2.3% * Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 57 Factors Associated with Nonconsensual Sexual Contact At Any Time While Enrolled at UH Gender Identity UH System’s rate of nonconsensual sexual contact masked large differences in rates across gender identities (Table 24). Survey participants identifying as TGQN and females had significantly higher rates of nonconsensual sexual contact by any of the four tactics at any time while enrolled, compared to those declining to provide a gender identity and to male counterparts. More students identifying as TGQN reported experiencing gender violence since enrollment (19.4%), followed by females (8.5%). The rates for those declining to provide a gender identify and males were much lower (5.7% and 2.5%, respectively). Every combination of type of tactic used by the offender followed this pattern: The largest percentage of students to experience nonconsensual sexual contact were students identifying as TGQN, followed by females, those who declined to state, and males. For example, 9.4 percent of TGQN students, 3.7 percent of females, 3.8 percent of those who declined, and less than 1.0 percent of males (0.9%) experienced completed acts using physical force or while incapacitated. Table 24: Percent of UH Student Participants System-wide Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Contact at Any Time While Enrolled by Type of Tactics Used and Gender Identity ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6311) Female (n=3630) Male (n=2493) TGQN (n=113) Decline (n=76) 6.3% 8.5%* 2.5% 19.4%* 5.7% 2.4% 5.4% 3.3%* 7.3%* 0.5% 2.2% 11.4%* 15.9%* 4.0% 5.1% 3.5% 4.8%* 1.1% 13.3%* 5.1% 1.8% 2.6% 2.5%* 3.5%* 0.3% 0.8% 7.4%* 12.0%* 3.4% 3.8% 3.2% 4.4%* 1.1% 9.8%* 3.8% 1.7% 2.3% 2.4%* 3.1%* 0.3% 0.8% 6.1%* 9.8%* 2.1% 3.8% 2.7% 3.7%* 0.9% 9.4%* 3.8% 1.5% 1.8% 2.2%* 2.3%* 0.3% 0.7% 6.1%* 9.4%* 2.1% 3.8% 2.0% 2.8%* 0.6% 5.8%* 3.8% 0.9% 1.5% 1.4%* 2.0%* 0.1% 0.5% 1.6% 5.8%* 2.1% 3.8% Types of Tactics Used by Offender Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using physical force Penetration Sexual Touching *Shows a statistically significant difference across gender. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 58 Ethnic Background Another characteristic where results showed system-wide differences was ethnic background. Since enrollment, a significantly larger percentage of survey participants of Caucasian ethnicity (8.5%) or Other ethnicities (7.5%) reported having nonconsensual sexual contact by any tactic compared to students of Japanese (5.3%), Native Hawaiian (5.2%) or Filipino (3.3%) ethnicity (Figure 10). These two ethnic sub-groups of survey participants – Caucasian and Other – also reported higher rates of nonconsensual penetration and sexual touching as shown below. Figure 10: Percent of UH Student Participants System-wide Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Contact at Any Time While Enrolled by Ethnicity 20% Caucasian (n=1023) Japanese (n=458) Native Hawaiian (n=1507) Filipino (n=982) Other (n=2203) 15% 10% 8.5%* 7.5%* 5.3%* 5.2% 5% 3.3% 3.2%* 2.2% 2.2% 2.6%* 7.2%* 6.6%* 4.5% 4.0% 2.9% 1.1% 0% Nonconsensual Sexual Contact (Any Tactic) Penetration Sexual Touching *Shows a statistically significant difference across ethnicities. Sexual Orientation Nonconsensual sexual contact rates also differed by sexual orientation. Survey participants who identified as LGBN reported significantly higher rates of nonconsensual sexual contact by any of the four tactics (Figure 11). Rates for penetration during UH enrollment were twice as high for LGBN (4%) than heterosexual students (2.1%), and also higher for those declining to provide sexual orientation (2.5%). Similarly, the rates of sexual touching were highest among LGBN (9%) than other sexual orientation sub-groups. 20% Figure 11: Percent of Student Participants System-wide Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Contact at Any Time While Enrolled by Sexual Orientation Hetero (n=5186) LGBN (n=973) Decline (n=130) 15% 10.1%* 9.0%* 10% 5.6% 4.9% 4.8% 4.0%* 5% 4.5% 2.5% 2.1% 0% Nonconsensual Sexual Contact (Any Tactic) Penetration *Shows a statistically significant difference across sexual orientation. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 59 Sexual Touching Undergraduate Students While enrolled at UH, 6.1 percent of all undergraduate students reported experiencing nonconsensual sexual penetration or touching where the offender used one of the four tactics (Figure 12). A significantly higher percentage of survey participants at UH Mānoa (11.0%) and UH Hilo (8.1%) reported such an experience compared to UH Community Colleges (3.7%) since enrolling at UH. Figure 12: Percent of Undergraduate Student Participants Experiencing Any Nonconsensual Sexual Contact, Sexual Penetration and Sexual Touching at Any Time While Enrolled by System and Campus 25% ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=5361) UH Mānoa (n=1589) UH Hilo (n=381) UH West O‘ahu (n=357) UH Community Colleges (n=3304) 20% 15% 11.0%* 8.1%* 10% 6.1% 5% 4.2% 3.7% 3.9%* 3.0% 2.3% 5.2% 1.2% 1.6% 9.7%* 7.0%* 3.5% 3.1% 0% Nonconsensual Sexual Contact (Any Tactic) Penetration Touching *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Since enrollment, a much larger percentage of undergraduates experienced sexual touching (5.2%) compared to penetration (2.3%) as a result of one of the four tactics. This was also the case for each combination of tactics. (Table A-8a in Appendix.) Undergraduate survey participants identifying as TGQN were, by a large margin, the most likely at any time while enrolled to experience nonconsensual sexual contact involving one of the four tactics (21.1%), followed by females (8.3%) and those who declined to state their gender identity (5.4%). Males were subject to a much smaller risk (2.3%) since enrolling at a UH university or community college compared to the percentages for other gender identities. For both university undergraduate and community college survey participants, those identifying as TGQN were most at risk of having experienced nonconsensual sexual contact (Table A-8a to Table A-8c in Appendix). TGQN survey participants reported the largest percentage who experienced nonconsensual sexual contact since enrollment (22.8% compared to 20.0% respectively), with a small difference between the two percentages (2.8 percentage points). Females had the next largest percent of those who experienced nonconsensual sexual contact: 13.3 percent for university students and 4.7 percent for UH Community College students. Notably, there was a much larger percentage point difference between these two female groups (8.6 percentage points) than between the two TGQN student sub-groups. Males were subject to a smaller risk, with a larger percentage of male university students (3.3%) experiencing nonconsensual sexual contact compared to male community college students (1.7%). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 60 Factors Associated with Nonconsensual Sexual Contact During Current Academic Year Gender and Enrollment Level Among all females, the largest percentage of survey participants experiencing nonconsensual sexual contact by any one of the four tactics during the current school year were university undergraduates (6.2%) (Table A-9a to Table A-9c in Appendix). Their prevalence was much larger than that of female UH Community College students (1.9%) and graduate/professional women (2.5%). This pattern was also evident in all the different combinations of tactics. For example, 3.0 percent of female university undergraduates experienced nonconsensual sexual contact by completed or attempted force or while incapacitated compared to 1.2 percent of the graduate/professional women and 0.9 percent of the female UH Community College students. According to the UH Survey, a similar pattern of results was evident among male students. The largest percent of males to experience nonconsensual sexual contact by any one of the four tactics during the current school year was: male university undergraduates (2.1%), just slightly higher than the percentage of male graduate/professional students (1.8%) and, then male UH Community College students (0.8%) (Table A-10a to Table A-10c in Appendix). This pattern was also evident in all the different combinations of tactics. For example, 1.0 percent of male university undergraduates experienced nonconsensual sexual contact by completed or attempted force or while incapacitated compared to a similar 1.1 percent of the graduate/professional men and 0.3 percent of the male UH Community College students. The pattern of survey participants identifying as TGQN experiencing nonconsensual sexual contact by any one of the four tactics during the current school year was similar to the patterns found among females and males. The largest percentage of survey participants identifying as TGQN were university undergraduates (13.0%), followed by 7.0 percent of graduate/professional students system-wide, and 5.1 percent UH Community College students (Table A-11a to Table A-11c in Appendix). A slightly different pattern emerged among TGQN survey participants for nonconsensual sexual contact by completed or attempted force or while incapacitated for the current year. For these tactics, graduate/professional survey participants identifying as TGQN had the highest rate (7%), followed by UH Community College students (5.1%) and then, university undergraduate students (4.1%). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 61 Across all gender identities at most campuses, the percentage of survey participants experiencing sexual touching was far greater than the percentage who experienced penetration during the current academic year. For example, 5.7 percent of university undergraduate females reported experiencing sexual touching during the current year as a result one of the four tactics, compared to a significantly lower 1.9 percent who experienced penetration. A similar pattern was evident among UH Community College females: 1.7 percent experienced sexual touching whereas 0.6 percent experienced penetration. Again, this inequality was evident regardless of the combination of tactics included. Other Characteristics Associated with Nonconsensual Sexual Penetration At Any Time While Enrolled at UH, Most Recent Incident Alcohol or Drug Use As documented on many Mainland college campuses, substance abuse is a behavior associated with nonconsensual sexual penetration. At UH, close to half of survey participants experiencing nonconsensual sexual penetration reported that offenders were drinking (48.5%) prior to the time of the most recent sexual assault (Table 25). Offenders’ alcohol usage was three times more frequent than drug usage (16.2%). While alcohol consumption by offenders was similar across campuses, this was not the case for drug usage. UH Community College survey participants (21.5%) reported a relatively higher percentage of offenders using drugs before the incident compared with other campuses. Among the survey participants who reported sexual assault, 4 in 9 (44.6%) said they consumed alcohol before the incident and 1 in 10 (10.5%) used drugs. Table 25: Percent of Offenders or Student Participants Using Alcohol or Drugs Before Nonconsensual Penetration During the Most Recent Incident At Any Time While Enrolled by System and Campus ALL UH UH UH UH West UH Community CAMPUSES Colleges Mānoa Hilo O‘ahu (n=155) (n=79) (n=60) Offender Used Drugs 16.2% 13.0% 21.5% Used Alcohol 48.5% 48.9% 49.6% Used Drugs 10.5% 10.5% Used Alcohol 44.6% 44.7% Assaulted Student Participant UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 62 Not Reported n = <15 Not Reported n = <15 10.3% 45.1% Number of Persons Sexually Assaulting a Survey Participant Survey participants experiencing sexual penetration at any time while enrolled were asked how many persons sexually assaulted them during the most recent incident. A large majority reported being assaulted by one person (83.5%) (Table 26). This percentage was similar to percentages at UH Mānoa and UH Community Colleges. The same pattern was evident among survey participants experiencing sexual touching. Over 4 in 5 (81.2%) system-wide reported that one person touched them in a sexual way during their most recent incident. This rate was statistically comparable across campuses. For survey participants system-wide who experienced unwanted sexual touching, 12.4 percent reported assault by two offenders. Survey participants reporting two offenders was significantly higher at the UH Hilo campus (17.0%). Table 26: Among Student Participants Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Contact at Any Time While Enrolled, Percent of Participants Assaulted by One or More Offenders During the Most Recent Incident by System and Campus ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=156) UH Mānoa (n=80) UH Hilo UH West O‘ahu UH Community Colleges (n=60) 83.5% 10.1% 6.5% 80.5% 12.2% 7.2% Not Reported n = <15 Not Reported n = <15 86.5% 7.1% 6.4% (n=392) (n=219) (n=35) 1 81.2% 81.8% 76.3% 2 12.4% 11.8% 17.0%* 3 or more 6.4% 6.4% 6.7% Sexual Penetration Number of Offenders 1 2 3 or more Sexual Touching (n=125) Number of Offenders Not Reported n = <15 81.3% 13.1% 5.6% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Number of Incidents of Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Survey participants experiencing sexual penetration or sexually touching were asked how many times this occurred while enrolled at UH. The majority (58.5%) who experienced nonconsensual penetration at any time while enrolled reported one incident. UH Mānoa (63.6%) and UH Community Colleges (52.1%) evidenced this pattern (Table 27). In contrast, nearly half of UH Community College survey participants (47.9%) reported two or more incidents of nonconsensual sexual penetration. UH Hilo and UH West O‘ahu results are not shown because of sample sizes fewer than 15. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 63 Patterns were similar for nonconsensual sexual touching with about half indicating one incident (51.2% system-wide), about a fourth (23.6%) reporting two, and another fourth (25.1%) three or more. UH Community Colleges had the most students reporting one incident (56.6%). Table 27: Among Student Participants Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Contact at Any Time While Enrolled, Percent of Participants Assaulted by Number of Incidents, By System and Campus ALL UH UH UH UH West UH Community CAMPUSES Mānoa Hilo O‘ahu Colleges Sexual Penetration (n=160) (n=81) (n=61) Number of Incidents 1 incident 58.5% 63.6% 52.1% Not Not 2 incidents 18.7% 18.1% 19.3% Reported Reported 3 or more incidents 22.8% 18.2% 28.6% n = <15 n = <15 Sexual Touching (n=420) (n=229) (n=38) (n=139) Number of Incidents 1 incident 51.2% 49.7% 46.4% 56.6% Not 2 incidents 23.6% 25.4% 23.2% 20.1% Reported 3 or more incidents 25.1% 25.0% 30.4% 23.2% n = <15 Offender’s Association (or Non-Association) with UH Half of all survey participants experiencing nonconsensual sexual contact system-wide while enrolled at UH reported that they were assaulted by another student (50.8%) during the most recent incident (Table 28). UH Mānoa showed a slightly higher percentage (55.9%) and UH Community Colleges a slightly lower percentage (43.5%). The next highest percentage of survey participants reported that the offender did not have a UH association (45.3%). Among those studying at UH Community College campuses, the majority reported offenders’ non-association with the UH (54.2%). A significantly smaller percent of all survey participants experiencing nonconsensual penetration (3.7%) said their offenders had other associations with the UH, including faculty, teaching staff, administrators, and coaches. UH Hilo and UH West O‘ahu results are suppressed because of sample sizes fewer than 15. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 64 Table 28: Among Student Participants Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Contact at Any Time While Enrolled, Offender’s Association or Non-Association with UH During the Most Recent Incident by System and Campus Sexual Penetration ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=156) UH Mānoa (n=80) UH Hilo 50.8% 3.7% 45.3% 7.1% 55.9% 3.9% 38.7% 8.6% Not Reported n = <15 (n=390) (n=218) (n=35) 66.0% 5.1% 28.0% 10.0% 67.2% 6.4% 21.6% 11.9% 80.8%* 19.7% 6.6% UH West UH Community O‘ahu Colleges (n=60) Offender’s Association with UH Student Faculty, Teaching Assistant & Other Staff Not associated with UH Don't know association with UH Sexual Touching Offender’s Association with UH Student Faculty, Teaching Assistant & Other Staff Not associated with UH Don't know association with UH Not Reported n = <15 43.5% 4.5% 54.2% 6.2% (n=125) Not Reported n = <15 61.0% 3.6% 39.1%* 8.0% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Among survey participants experiencing nonconsensual sexual touching system-wide at any time while enrolled, two-thirds (66.0%) reported that a student was the offender during the most recent incident. The next most mentioned group of offenders were those not associated with UH (28.0%), followed by an unknown association with UH. Just over 1 in 20 (5.1%) indicated that the person who sexually touched them was a faculty, teaching assistant, or other UH staff. Results varied by campus. For example, the percentage of student offenders was significantly higher at UH Hilo (80.8%), while the percentage of non-UH associated individuals was significantly higher at UH Community Colleges (39.1%). Offender’s Relationship to Student Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration Just over 4 in 10 (44.0%) of all survey participants experiencing nonconsensual sexual penetration while enrolled at UH said the offender was a friend, acquaintance or classmate (Table 29). The second most mentioned relationship was someone who was involved or intimate with the survey participant at the time of the event (37.2%). Just over one third of survey participants reporting nonconsensual sexual contact at UH Mānoa (33.2%) and UH Community Colleges (37.0%) were sexually assaulted by someone they were in an intimate relationship with at the time of the incident. A stranger was mentioned by 15.2 percent. UH Hilo and UH West O‘ahu results are suppressed because of sample sizes fewer than 15. In terms of sexual touching, the majority (54.8%) of survey participants system-wide disclosed that their offender was a friend, acquaintance, or classmate during the most recent incident. In contrast with results on sexual penetration, the second most cited sexual touching offenders were strangers (28.1%) rather than someone the student was involved or intimate with at the time of the event (11.8%). This pattern held across campuses with some exceptions. For example, survey participants at UH Hilo reported a significantly higher rate of offenders who were a friend, UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 65 acquaintance, or classmate (69.9%), while those at UH Community Colleges cited more with whom they were involved/intimate at time of incident (14.9%). Table 29: Among Student Participants Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Contact at Any Time While Enrolled, Offender’s Relationship to Assaulted Participants During the Most Recent Incident by System and Campus Sexual Penetration Assaulted Participant-Offender Relationship It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other Sexual Touching Assaulted Participant-Offender Relationship It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other ALL UH CAMPUSES UH Mānoa UH Hilo (n=156) (n=80) 37.2% 33.2% 11.7% 9.6% 0.9% 5.0% 44.0% 15.2% 5.9% (n=391) 1.8% 3.2% 44.7% 15.6% 5.4% (n=218) (n=35) 11.8% 11.1% 4.9% 7.1% 8.4% 5.3% 2.4% 4.0% 54.8% 28.1% 4.7% 3.4% 2.8% 50.5% 30.6% 4.2% 6.3% 69.9%* 26.1% 2.0% UH West UH Community O‘ahu Colleges (n=60) Not Not Reported Reported n = <15 n = <15 37.0% 14.2% 7.2% 44.9% 16.4% 8.1% (n=125) Not Reported n = <15 14.9%* 4.1% 1.4% 5.5% 57.5% 24.9% 6.7% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Location of Nonconsensual Sexual Penetration (Most Recent Incident) Survey participants were asked to identify the location where the most recent incident of nonconsensual sexual penetration occurred. By a margin of more than 2 to 1, significantly more were reported off campus than on campus (Table 30). A large majority of 7 out of 10 survey participants experiencing nonconsensual sexual penetration (70.1%) reported that during the most recent incident, they were sexually assaulted outside of the UH campus or a universityassociated off-campus property. In contrast, 29.9 percent reported the incident took place on campus or at a university-associated off-campus property. The percentage of incidents off campus or at a non-UH associated location was larger at UH Community Colleges (82.4%) and somewhat smaller at UH Mānoa (59.4%). The larger percentage of off-campus sexual assaults at UH Community Colleges may be influenced by UH being primarily a commuter campus, with campus residence halls concentrated at UH Mānoa and UH Hilo. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 66 Table 30: Among Student Participants Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Contact at Any Time While Enrolled, Location of Most Recent Incident by System and Campus ALL UH UH UH Community CAMPUSES Mānoa UH UH West Colleges (n=153) (n=79) Hilo O‘ahu (n=59) Location Did Incident occur ON CAMPUS or on university associated off-campus property? Yes No 29.9% 40.6%* Not Reported Not Reported 17.6% 70.1% 59.4% n = <15 n = <15 82.4%* *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 67 REPORTED IMPACTS OF GENDER VIOLENCE INCIDENTS UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 68 Survey Questions on Reported Impacts of Gender Violence The UH Survey asked students about the impacts of sexual harassment and gender violence in different degrees of depth depending on the type of incident. Whether the incidents against students involved offensive sexual remarks or nonconsensual sexual penetration, a significant majority of students suffered academic and health consequences. This section reports on consequences by type of gender violence included in the UH Survey. Sexual Harassment The definition of a student who was sexually harassed was based on two questions. Students were first asked if they had experienced sexually-harassing behavior by someone associated with UH at any time while enrolled. Next, students needed to reply with a single Yes/No response if incidents affected them in any of the following ways:  Interfered with your academic or professional performance  Interfered with participation in an academic program  Interfered with your interaction with professors, other students or others for academic purposes  Interfered with your attendance on campus, or  Created an intimidating, hostile or offensive social, academic or work environment Only student participants answering “Yes” to both questions were included in the estimate of sexual harassment. Given this requirement, all UH participants system-wide and by campus included in the estimate of sexual harassment de facto reported facing academic consequences or a hostile social, academic or work environment: UH System 9.3 percent; UH Mānoa 13.1 percent; UH Hilo 10.4 percent; UH West O‘ahu 5.4 percent; and UH Community Colleges 7.0 percent. Stalking Survey participants who were stalked were not asked separate questions about the consequences of stalking. Instead, consistent with the AAU and other national surveys, stalking consequences were integrated into the questionnaire design. For example, students were asked if they had repeatedly received unwanted phone calls, emails or social network postings “in a way that made you afraid for personal safety or caused you emotional distress?” Hence all survey participants experiencing stalking suffered fear for their personal safety or emotional distress. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 69 Dating and Domestic Violence Among students who experienced dating and domestic violence while enrolled at UH, the survey followed up with two questions relating specifically to physical consequences. Survey participants were asked if they were physically injured as a result of any of the incidents and whether they sought medical attention. System-wide, 16.9 percent reported physical injuries, with the prevalence as high as 20.8 percent at UH West O‘ahu and a low of 14.1 percent at UH Mānoa (Figure 13). Among the injured, 27.5 percent reported seeking treatment. By campus, the range of medical treatment was 21.4 to 36.0 percent. Figure 13: Percent of Student Participants Experiencing Dating and Domestic Violence Who Were Injured and Needed Medical Attention by System and Campus ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=946) 16.9% UH Mānoa (n=341) Physically injured as a results of incidents 14.1% UH Hilo (n=67) 18.9% UH West O‘ahu (n=52) 20.8% 18.2% UH Community Colleges (n=486) ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=159) Sought medical attention as a result of injuries 27.5%* UH Mānoa (n=48) 21.8% UH Hilo Not Reported (n = <15) UH West O‘ahu Not Reported (n = <15) UH Community Colleges (n=88) 30.5% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Nonconsensual Sexual Contact (Penetration) Inquiries into consequences of sexual penetration was covered most extensively among survey participants experiencing it. A large percentage reported that their experience took a negative toll on them physically and mentally. Survey participants who experienced nonconsensual sexual penetration from physical force (attempted or completed), incapacitation, coercion or absence of affirmative consent, also suffered diverse consequences. Just over a fifth (20.8%) of students experienced physical outcomes, such as a physical injury (15.6%), a sexually transmitted disease (3.8% of the 151 students in the base) or pregnancy (2.4%) (Table A-16 in Appendix). None of the men who reported experiencing nonconsensual sexual penetration reported physical impacts. In contrast to physical consequences, a large majority reported academic and health outcomes from nonconsensual sexual penetration (Table 31). Of the 3 in 4 students reporting a health impact resulting from nonconsensual sexual penetration by any of the four tactics (73.5%), most common consequences included numbness and detachment (49.6%), helplessness and UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 70 hopelessness (48.0%), and a loss of interest in daily activities (39.3%). Students penetrated during nonconsensual sexual contact through coercion had significantly higher impacts in loss of daily activities interest (+39 percentage points) and detachment (+25 percentage points) compared to survey participants overall experiencing this behavior. The majority of more than 3 in 5 survey participants (61.2%) experiencing nonconsensual sexual penetration reported academic consequences. This overall prevalence was significantly higher for survey participants experiencing force, whether through coercion (91.9%) or through use of physical force (completed or attempted, 80.1%). In terms of specific impacts, difficulty concentrating on academic requirements was most cited (54.5%) followed by lower grades (32.7%) and missed deadlines for assignments or exams (29.0%). Almost a quarter (23.8%) considered dropping out of school. Academic concentration problems and a decline in students’ Grade Point Average (GPA) were faced more by survey participants experiencing nonconsensual sexual contact through coercion or physical force. Almost 92 percent of students who experienced coercion and 69.5 percent of those who were subject to physical force report difficulties concentrating. Drops in GPA were reported by more than half experiencing coercion (53.8%) or physical force (51.4%). Although the sample was small, survey participants experiencing nonconsensual sexual penetration using coercion showed rates of both academic and health consequences that can be twice as high as for those experiencing nonconsensual penetration using physical force. Approximately 9 out of 10 suffered some type of academic or health impact. For example, survey participants experiencing coercion had two to three times the likelihood of considering dropping out of UH (72.7% compared with 30.9% experiencing physical force and 21.6% incapacitated). Survey participants experiencing coercion also reported a higher prevalence of missing academic deadlines for assignments or exams (59.6%). These consequences suggest that coercion, to the same or greater extent as physical force, can take a grave toll on survey participants experiencing penetrative nonconsensual sexual contact. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 71 Table 31: Percent of Student Participants Experiencing Nonconsensual Sexual Penetration Who Face Academic and Health Consequences from the Most Recent Incident by Tactic ACADEMIC IMPACT (NET) Difficulty concentrating on studies, assignments/exams Missed assignments/missed taking an exam Dropped classes due to poor performance Lower grades/lower GPA Thought about dropping out of school Changed living quarters/dorms/ moved HEALTH IMPACT (NET) Fearfulness or being concerned about safety Loss of interest in daily activities Felt helpless/hopeless Nightmares/trouble sleeping Felt numb or detached Felt like hurting myself Headaches/stomachaches Eating problems or disorders Increased drug or alcohol use Physical Force All UH (Completed & Campuses Attempted) (n=151) (n=52) 61.2% 80.1%* Incapacitation (n=64) 53.8% Absence of Affirmative Coercion Consent (n=18) (n=91) 91.9%* 66.2% 54.5% 69.5%* 47.6% 91.9%* 59.4% 29.0% 35.5% 27.9% 59.6%* 29.6% 17.3% 22.9% 12.8% 23.2% 18.3% 32.7% 51.4%* 26.8% 53.8%* 35.3% 23.8% 30.9% 21.6% 72.7%* 25.5% 12.3% 14.9% 10.3% 15.9% 16.8% 73.5% 84.3% 74.9% 88.9% 76.9% 32.3% 42.8% 37.3% 54.3% 33.8% 39.3% 48.0% 31.7% 49.6% 28.8% 20.6% 18.1% 17.7% 51.4% 51.5% 44.7% 56.8% 31.9% 29.4% 21.2% 23.8% 36.7% 50.7% 29.2% 53.1% 23.3% 18.6% 21.7% 25.2% 77.9%* 66.3% 79.2%* 75.2%* 54.0%* 48.8%* 46.8%* 42.7%* 43.5% 53.6% 33.9% 51.1% 27.2% 24.6% 19.8% 15.2% *Shows a statistically significant difference across tactic. In addition to UH System-wide results, campus specific findings are presented for UH Mānoa and UH Community Colleges. Sample sizes for UH Hilo and UH West O‘ahu fell below the 15 minimum required for reporting and hence are not shown (Table 32 below). Campus specific findings followed system-wide patterns overall. As with UH System results, the top three academic consequences for both UH Mānoa and UH Community College students were (in rank order of percentage mentioning) difficulty concentrating on academics; lower grades or grade point average; and missed assignments or exams. Health impacts were also widespread, with approximately 3 in 4 UH survey participants who experienced nonconsensual sexual penetration from the UH Mānoa and UH Community Colleges campuses reporting one or more specific consequences. While numbness and detachment were mentioned by the largest percentage of survey participants at UH Mānoa, it was statistically tied with feelings of hopelessness as the most mentioned at UH Community College. Loss of interest in daily activities ranked as the third most mentioned consequence at both UH Mānoa and UH Community Colleges. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 72 Table 32: Percent of Student Participants Facing Academic and Health Consequences of the Most Recent Incident of Penetrative Nonconsensual Sexual Contact by System and Campus ACADEMIC IMPACT (NET) Difficulty concentrating on studies, assignments/ exams Missed assignments/ missed taking an exam Dropped classes due to poor performance Lower grades/lower GPA Thought about dropping out of school Changed living quarters/ dorms/moved HEALTH IMPACT (NET) Fearfulness or being concerned about safety Loss of interest in daily activities Felt helpless/hopeless Nightmares/trouble sleeping Felt numb or detached Felt like hurting myself Headaches/stomachaches Eating problems or disorders Increased drug or alcohol use None of the above ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=151) UH Mānoa (n=78) 61.2% 60.3% 54.5% 55.6% 29.0% 29.9%* 31.5%* 17.3% 13.7% 23.7% 32.7% 30.6% 35.3% 23.8% 23.9% 25.0% 12.3% 10.5% 13.6% 73.5% 72.9% 78.6% 32.3% 32.7% 33.3% 39.3% 41.0% 38.9% 48.0% 49.9% 46.5% 31.7% 34.1% 30.9% 49.6% 28.8% 20.6% 54.0% 29.5% 23.1% 45.6% 30.7% 19.5% 18.1% 21.4% 16.7% 17.7% 18.9% 18.1% 21.7% 20.1% 21.4% UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 73 UH Hilo UH West O‘ahu Not reported; n = <15 Not reported; n = <15 UH Community Colleges (n=57) 61.9% 52.9% STUDENT DISCLOSURE OF GENDER VIOLENCE AND SATISFACTION AMONG THOSE CONTACTING UH PROGRAMS UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 74 Student Disclosures Across Gender Violence Experiences Results related to who survey participants experiencing gender violence contacted and told about the incident showed patterns similar to national surveys. Although two-thirds of survey participants system-wide told friends (69.2%) and a third spoke with family members (Table 33), substantially fewer disclosed gender violence incidents to UH resources. Findings by campus were quite consistent, although more students from UH Mānoa and UH Hilo disclosed to friends. At UH West O‘ahu and UH Community Colleges, more students than at other campuses spoke to “someone else.” Table 33: Percent of Student Participants Experiencing Any of the Four Types of Gender Violence at Any Time While Enrolled and to Whom They Disclose, by System and Campus Friend Family member Faculty or instructor Someone else ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=1647) UH Mānoa (n=679) UH Hilo (n=129) UH West O‘ahu (n=77) UH Community Colleges (n=762) 69.2% 35.0% 11.5% 18.4% 73.2%* 32.1% 12.8% 14.8% 77.4%* 35.1% 13.9% 19.4% 63.1% 38.0% 8.3% 27.7%* 64.9% 37.2% 10.3% 20.6%* *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Student Contact with UH Services after Experiencing Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence As detailed in Table 34 below, fewer than 1 in 6 survey participants experiencing any of four gender violence behaviors (15.5%) contacted UH programs. UH contact ranged from 12.1 percent of survey participants experiencing dating and domestic violence to 22.7 percent for sexual harassment. For nonconsensual sexual penetration, the most serious of the offenses measured, 16.6 percent contacted campus programs. The rate of contact by survey participants experiencing nonconsensual sexual penetration did not change significantly from campus to campus. By campus, UH Mānoa survey participants reported a higher percentage who disclosed to UH programs across all types of behaviors. This was influenced by graduate students who disclosed to UH resources more often than undergraduates. For example, among sexually harassed survey participants, 31.6 percent of graduate/professional students contacted at least one UH program, significantly more than undergraduates at 20.5 percent. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 75 Table 34: Percent of Student Participants Who Experienced Gender Violence and Contacted UH Programs by Type of Gender Violence and by System and Campus Any Types of Gender Violence Sexual Harassment Stalking Dating/Domestic Violence Nonconsensual Contact (Penetration) ALL UH CAMPUSES UH Mānoa UH Hilo UH West O‘ahu UH Community Colleges 15.5% 22.7% 17.3% 12.1% 19.4%* 26.9%* 20.5%* 17.3%* 14.5% 18.2% 18.8% 16.1%* 10.7% 20.8% 20.6% 9.8% 12.7% 18.5% 13.7% 8.1% 16.6% 20.4% Not reported; n = <15 Not reported; n = <15 10.6% Number of student participants varies by behavior. *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Reasons for Non-Reporting to UH Resources Except for nonconsensual sexual contact, by far the number one reason for not contacting UH resources was the survey participants’ perception that the incident was “not serious enough.” Between 43.3 percent and 64.7 percent of survey participants experiencing gender violence cited this reason which held across all campuses. Behaviors regarding contact of UH resources are discussed in detail below by type of genderbased violence, reason for non-contact, and to whom survey participants disclosed incidents of gender violence. Sexually Harassed Survey Participants One in 5 survey participants who reported being sexually harassed (22.7%) contacted at least one program at UH about their experience (Table A-17 in Appendix). The largest percentage of students to report their experience were students who declined to state their gender (30.9%), followed by students identifying as TGQN (30.2%), by males (27.1%), and females (20.7%). The number one reason, by far, for survey participants not to contact any program was “I did not think it was serious enough to report.” Of all the survey participants who experienced sexual harassment, almost two thirds (64.7%) did not report for this reason (Figure 14). This was almost twice as many as the one third (33.8%) who reported that “I did not think anything would be done,” followed by about one fourth (27.8%) who reported “I did not know where to go or who to tell.” Another quarter of these survey participants (25.5%) indicated that “I feared negative social consequences.” Most students, 68.9 percent, reported telling a friend about the incident. Just over a third, 33.1 percent, reported telling a family member. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 76 200% Figure 14: Among Student Participants Who Experienced Sexual Harassment, Reasons for Not Reporting at Any Time While Enrolled by System and Campus (Top 5 Responses1) 24.6% 150% 100% 22.3% 25.5% 29.2% 31.3%* 27.8% 24.9% 20.5% 18.1% 33.8% 35.0% 26.8% 11.6% 29.2% 22.1% 22.3% Don't know where to go 33.4% Doubt anything done 50% 64.7% 71.4%* Negative consequences 32.9%* 29.8% 33.2% Embarrassed/Ashamed 63.6% 54.3% 58.4% UH Hilo UH West O‘ahu UH Community Colleges (n=15) (n=185) Not serious enough 0% ALL UH UH Mānoa CAMPUSES (n=445) (n=205) (n=38) *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. 1. Percentages may exceed 100% due to multiple responses. Stalked Survey Participants Less than a fifth of the survey participants stalked (17.3%), contacted at least one program at UH about their stalking experience (Table A-17 in Appendix). The largest percentage of student participants to report their experience were those identifying as TGQN (29.2%), followed by males (18.5%), and by females (16.3%). Again, by far the most cited reason, for why these students did not contact any program was “I did not think it was serious enough to report.” Of all the students who experienced stalking, just over half (51.8%) did not report for this reason (Figure 15). Just over a fourth (26.0%) indicated that they “Did not know where to go or who to tell” and over a fifth (22.6%) said, “I did not think anything would be done.” Almost three fourths of all survey participants stalked (71.5%) reported telling a friend about the incident. Over a third, 35.2 percent, reported telling a family member. It was of note that although women generally reported higher prevalences of sexual harassment and gender-based violence, they were less likely to report the incident to a UH program than male or TGQN students. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 77 Figure 15: Among Student Participants Who Experienced Stalking, Reasons for Not Reporting at Any Time While Enrolled by System and Campus (Top 5 Responses1) 175% 150% 125% 100% 18.0% 17.0% 19.5% 26.0% 22.8% 21.3% 75% 22.6% 29.8% 18.4% 18.0% Negative consequences 30.6%* Don't know where to go 27.0% 20.5% Doubt anything done 41.4% 46.7% 48.5% Not serious enough UH Hilo UH West O‘ahu UH Community Colleges 24.1% 50% 25% 51.8% Embarrassed/Ashamed 25.9%* 58.1%* 13.4% 10.7% 14.2% 32.6% 25.2% 0% ALL UH UH Mānoa CAMPUSES (n=489) (n=202) (n=42) (n=16) (n=229) *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. 1. Percentages may exceed 100% due to multiple responses. Survey Participants Experiencing Dating and Domestic Violence Compared with other types of gender violence, survey participants who experienced dating and domestic violence were least likely to contact UH resources. Among those who reported experiencing dating and domestic violence, a small percentage of 1 in 8 students (12.1%) contacted at least one UH program about the incident (Table A-17 in Appendix). The largest percentage of students to report their experience were students who identified as TGQN (19.7%), followed by males (14.2%), females (11.1%), and those who declined to state their gender (7.5%). As with other behaviors, the number one reason for non-contact by a large margin of survey participants was that they doubted that it was serious enough to report. Of all the students who experienced dating and domestic violence, almost half (48.9%) did not report for this reason (Figure 16). Just over a third (33.7%) reported the “Incident was not on campus or associated with the school,” followed by 23.4 percent who said they “Felt embarrassed, ashamed, or that it would be too emotionally difficult.” Most students (63.7%) reported telling a friend about the incident. Just over 30 percent (31.5%) reported telling a family member. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 78 Figure 16: Among Student Participants Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence, Reasons for Not Reporting at Any Time While Enrolled by System and Campus (Top 5 Responses1) 150% 125% 100% 75% Embarrassed/Ashamed 23.4% 19.3% 32.8%* 27.1% 24.4% 18.8% 17.1% 14.9% 22.1%* 9.1% 18.6% 20.5%* Don't want person to get in trouble 19.1% Don't know where to go 36.9% Incident not on campus 17.6% 33.7% 29.8% 17.3% 26.0% 35.7% 50% 25% 48.9% 56.7%* 49.0% 52.3% 43.6% ALL UH CAMPUSES UH Mānoa UH Hilo UH West O‘ahu UH Community Colleges (n=810) (n=273) (n=53) (n=47) (n=437) Not serious enough 0% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. 1. Subtotal may exceed 100% due to multiple answers. Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Although nonconsensual sexual contact involving penetration was the most serious of gender violence behaviors surveyed, only 16.6 percent of students reporting this experience contacted at least one UH program (Table A-18 in Appendix). UH Mānoa survey participants contacted UH programs at a slightly higher rate (20.4%). Half as many UH Community College students experiencing nonconsensual sexual penetration (10.6%) contacted UH programs. Of the students contacting a UH program, over four fifths (83.5%) were female students, and 3.4 percent were male. Although rape was the most serious of the behaviors studied, 43.3 percent of survey participants who did not contact UH programs said they “did not think it was serious enough to report” (Figure 17). Slightly more (44.5%) felt embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult to undergo a UH reporting process. It was notable that 37.8 percent of students not contacting UH attributed non-reporting to the incident being outside of campus or not associated with the school. Similar pattern was seen at UH Mānoa with “I did not think it was serious enough to report” being the number one reason for not contacting a UH program. By contrast, the number one reason for UH Community Colleges participants experiencing nonconsensual sexual penetration was “I felt embarrassed, ashamed, or that it would be too emotionally difficult.” UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 79 Figure 17: Among Student Participants Who Experienced Nonconsensual Sexual Penetration, Reasons for Not Reporting Most Recent Incident at Any Time While Enrolled (Top 5 Responses1) 200% 150% 46.4% 44.5% 40.2% 28.5% 100% 50% 33.9% 25.6% 27.1% 28.4% 37.8% 28.7% 43.3% 43.9% ALL UH CAMPUSES UH Mānoa (n=120) (n=61) Not Reported n = <15 0% Not Reported n = <15 UH Hilo UH West O‘ahu Embarrassed/Ashamed Negative consequences 24.9% Don't know where to go 47.9%* Incident not on campus 37.1% Not serious enough UH Community Colleges (n=49) *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. 1. Percentages may exceed 100% due to multiple responses. Despite non-reporting to UH programs, two thirds of students (68.6%) who experienced nonconsensual sexual contact confided in a friend. About equal numbers told a family member (28.6%) or did not speak to anyone else (26.6%). Satisfaction When Contacting UH Resources Student experiencing gender violence who did contact UH campus officials were asked to rate the usefulness of their most recent contact. Because a student may have most recently contacted more than one program and could rate all, percentages may exceed 100 percent. Students with actual experience using UH resources thought highly of UH programs as evidenced by their ratings across sexual harassment and gender-based violence behaviors (Figure 18). Figure 18: Among Student Participants Who Experienced Gender Violence and Contacted UH Programs, Percent of Participants Who Rated Most Recent Contact with UH Resource as Extremely or Very Useful by Type of Gender Violence1 200% 150% 100% 24.5% 19.8% 24.4% 48.8% 50% 25.8% 14.8% 34.8% 38.6% 20.8% 22.5% 27.3% 6.0% 21.9% Not At All Useful 41.7% A Little Useful 60.6% Somewhat Useful Very Useful 24.2% 47.0% 43.1% 36.2% 49.4%* Sexual Harassment Stalking Dating & Domestic Violence Nonconsensual Sexual Contact (n=133) (n=104) Extremely Useful 0% (n=113) (n=27) *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. 1. Percentages may exceed 100% since student participants were asked to evaluate each UH program they have contacted. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 80 In particular, an overwhelming percentage of more than 9 out of 10 survey participants experiencing sexual harassment were highly satisfied by their interaction with campus officials, rating it as “extremely or very useful in helping (them) deal with (their) experience(s).” Similarly, a large percentage of survey participants system-wide experiencing nonconsensual sexual contact, dating/domestic violence and stalking rated UH programs extremely or very high on usefulness. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 81 PERCEPTIONS OF UH CAMPUS CLIMATE UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 82 Student Perceptions of How Valuable Survey Will Be In Informing Campus Policies on Sexual Harassment And Gender-Based Violence The UH Survey was intended to provide baseline estimates of sexual harassment and genderbased violence to help inform future UH system policy and program decisions to better serve the needs of its students. It was thus logical to ask students for their assessment of how well the survey achieved that objective. At the conclusion of the survey, students were asked: “How valuable do you think this survey is for developing campus policies related to sexual assault and harassment?” As shown in Figure 19, two-thirds (65.9%) of all students completing the survey system-wide believed that the survey findings would be “extremely” or “very valuable” for UH policy development. In contrast, only 12.1 percent felt that the survey findings would be “not at all” or “a little” valuable. Figure 19: Percent of Student Participants with Perceptions of the Value of the Survey in Developing Campus Policies, by System and Campus Extremely Valuable Very Valuable ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=5991) Somewhat Valuable A Little Valuable 31.2% UH Mānoa (n=2103) 34.7% 24.4% UH Hilo (n=433) 22.0% 37.0%* 27.1% 25.3%* 39.5%* UH West O‘ahu (n=335) 36.5%* 32.1% UH Community Colleges (n=3120) 35.7%* 32.8% 0% 20% 40% Not At All Valuable 60% 6.9%5.2% 8.5%* 4.8% 21.4% 6.4%*5.6% 18.1% 6.4%*6.9% 20.3% 5.9%5.3% 80% 100% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Perceptions of UH Processes (All Students) The prior section showed perceptions of students who actually contacted and interacted with UH resources. These attitudes were based on first-hand experience. In addition, all students were asked about their perceptions regarding campus officials involved in the reporting process. Students’ attitudes were mixed, and this was influenced by the fact that between 21.0 to 27.1 percent of students gave a “Don’t Know” response across each of the questions regarding perceptions of the reporting process (Figure 20). The “don’t know” factor suggests an opportunity for educating students, but also caution in utilizing ratings. Generally, students showed more confidence in the interaction with officials, and somewhat less in the follow-up process. Just over half indicated that it was extremely or very likely that campus UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 83 officials would treat the reporting student respectfully (53.7%) and protect their privacy (53.4%) and safety (51.7%). Half (50.3%) thought it extremely or very likely that they would be believed if they reported a sexual assault, harassment or gender-based violence. Figure 20: Percent of Student Participants' Ratings of UH Reporting Processes Based on Perceptions by System and Campus Extremely Likely Very Likely Somewhat Likely ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6082) Campus officials would believe you A Little Likely 20.7% UH Mānoa (n=2137) UH Hilo (n=437) 20.6% UH West O‘ahu (n=341) 27.1% UH Community Colleges (n=3167) 22.5% ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6077) Campus UH Mānoa (n=2135) officials would treat you UH Hilo (n=437) sensitively and respectfully UH West O‘ahu (n=340) 22.3% UH Community Colleges (n=3165) 24.8% ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6066) Campus UH Mānoa (n=2133) officials would protect your UH Hilo (n=435) privacy UH West O‘ahu (n=341) 24.1% UH Community Colleges (n=3159) 26.9% ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6071) Campus officials would UH Mānoa (n=2135) protect the safety of the UH Hilo (n=436) person making UH West O‘ahu (n=337) the report 23.8% UH Community Colleges (n=3162) 26.8% ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6063) Campus officials would be competent UH Mānoa (n=2131) to advise on a range UH Hilo (n=435) of options that can be taken UH West O‘ahu (n=340) 19.0% 32.4%* 27.4% 27.7% 31.4% 33.5%* 22.2% 31.8% 27.8% 30.3% 29.3% 18.8%* 31.9%* 22.7% 32.6% 23.5% 27.7% 27.9% 18.1%* 30.3%* 23.2% 32.7% 25.9% 26.2% 29.6% 13.9% 30.0% 16.3% 28.7% 22.1%* 0% 28.8% 20% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. 84 22.2% 15.9% 5.5%3.8% 16.4% 5.5% 3.2% 40% 24.6%* 21.2% 6.8%* 3.0% 18.4% 16.7% 4.9%3.4% 21.0% 13.9%3.0%3.4% 20.5% 13.5% 5.0%*3.3% 23.1%* 16.5% 5.2%3.2% 21.7% 6.4%* 3.2% 19.2% 16.9% 4.5%4.1% 19.8% 13.7% 4.6%2.7% 23.0% 14.1% 4.7% 3.2% 23.4%* 18.2% 5.6%3.6% 21.0% 7.3%* 3.6% 18.3% 18.3% 4.1%4.4% 20.1% 14.4% 3.6%3.3% 20.2% 15.8% 4.8%3.5% 20.3% 24.7%* 34.4%* 25.3%* 16.2% 3.7%3.4% 22.4%* 29.9% 6.9%*3.1% 19.0% 21.5% 20.4%* 32.0%* 22.3% 19.4% 3.8%3.4% 20.9%* 31.3% UH Community Colleges (n=3157) UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 21.6%* 31.3% 17.3%* Don't Know 18.2% 5.8%3.5% 29.6% 16.9%* Not At All Likely 20.7% 6.1% 3.2% 21.8% 7.7%*3.7%* 20.0% 5.9% 3.1% 19.7% 16.5% 4.4%2.1% 17.6% 5.2%3.0% 60% 23.0% 80% 22.9% 23.3%* 100% On the other hand, fewer students were confident in the process and outcomes of investigations. The percentage of students who perceived that it was extremely or very likely that officials would take action against offenders stood at 38.2 percent; that a fair investigation would be conducted at 42.6 percent, and that officials were competent to advise on a range of options at 48.6 percent. In addition, just over 40 percent of students (40.4%) said they were extremely or very likely to report to UH faculty. Figure 20: Percent of Student Participants' Ratings of UH Reporting Processes Based on Perceptions by System and Campus (Con't) Extremely Likely Campus officials would conduct a fair investigation Very Likely Somewhat Likely ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6047) 16.5% UH Hilo (n=436) 26.1% 19.7% 26.6% 16.1% UH Mānoa (n=2126) 9.7%* UH Hilo (n=437) 20.4% 22.4% UH Community Colleges (n=3151) 20.1% 23.0%* 7.2% 15.3% 10.1% 12.0% 9.3%* 15.0% 25.4% 16.6% 4.9%2.3% 25.8% 22.7%* 21.8% 7.2% 17.4%* 6.9%* 4.0% 27.1%* 23.6% 8.5% 15.7% 23.6% 21.5% UH West O‘ahu (n=339) ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6053) The alleged offender(s) or UH Mānoa (n=2131) their associates would retaliate UH Hilo (n=437) against the person making UH West O‘ahu (n=341) the report UH Community Colleges (n=3145) 9.4%* 4.5%* 17.9% 4.5%4.0% 22.1% 14.0% 25.8% 22.5%* 25.6% 27.1% 11.7%* 6.7%* 24.4% 7.4%5.4% 26.9% 17.8% 6.0%4.4% 10.0% 6.9% 27.2%* 24.9%* 28.5% 28.8%* 34.9% 11.6% 6.4% 30.2%* 11.3% 7.0% 34.4% 12.0% 6.6% 22.3% 27.3%* 8.1% 5.2% 18.9% 5.3% 3.0% 24.1% 19.6% Don't Know 6.4%4.1% 26.3%* 24.8% ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6053) 21.1% 25.4% 15.1% UH Community Colleges (n=3145) Not At All Likely 26.1% UH Mānoa (n=2128) 10.8%* UH West O‘ahu (n=338) Campus officials would take action against the offender(s) A Little Likely 39.7% 8.4%* 7.4% 37.6% ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6063) 17.6% 22.8% 23.3% 10.8% 6.8% 18.7% If you were to disclose 14.8%* 8.3%* 15.5% UH Mānoa (n=2137) 11.1%* 23.3% 26.9%* sexual assault or sexual harassment to UH Hilo (n=434) 15.3% 24.1% 22.8% 11.9%* 8.0% 18.0% anyone, how likely is it that you will consider UH West O‘ahu (n=339) 23.5% 22.3% 20.6% 9.0% 5.4% 19.0% reporting to UH faculty members? UH Community Colleges (n=3153) 21.7% 22.3% 21.3% 8.1%5.8% 20.9%* 0% 20% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 85 40% 60% 80% 100% Awareness of UH Policies and Processes (All Students) Student awareness system-wide of UH policies and processes varied depending on the specific topic. Information gaps were evident in how to file a report and on post-reporting processes. Among all student participants, a majority had little or no knowledge of what happens when a student reports an incident (59.2%) or the rights of students making a report (55.1%) (Figure 21). Just under half (46.5%) had little or no knowledge of where to make a report. Figure 21: Percent of Student Participants and How Knowledgeable They Are of UH Policies and Processes by System and Campus Extremely Knowledgeable Very Knowledgeable ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6264) How knowledgeable are you about how sexual assault and sexual harassment are defined at UH? 8.5% 21.7% UH Mānoa (n=2187) 6.8%* UH Hilo (n=450) UH Community Colleges (n=3271) 32.3% 21.2% 10.4% ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6291) 31.4%* 10.6% ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6301) How knowledgeable UH Mānoa (n=2192) are you about what happens when a student reports an UH Hilo (n=453) incident of sexual assault or sexual UH West O‘ahu (n=356) harassment at UH? 4.5%10.4% 25.7% 6.0% 14.4%* 25.7% UH Community Colleges (n=3300) 6.2%* 10.2% 24.1% 6.6% 12.7% 25.3% 7.1% 14.4% 7.5% 29.0% 17.9%* UH Community Colleges (n=3296) 7.4%* 12.4% 0% UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 25.9% 25.3% 20% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. 86 18.5%* 40% 12.4% 21.3%* 22.8%* 26.8% 21.6%* 26.8%* 22.3%* 15.7% 18.5% 17.8% 24.7%* 28.3%* 22.2% 37.0% 24.4%* 36.0% 22.8% 32.5% 20.4% 33.5% 20.8% 25.6% 5.1%12.1% 22.9%* 19.7% 28.9% 24.6% 18.0%* 20.5% 26.7% 25.3% 6.2% 12.8% ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6298) How knowledgeable UH Mānoa (n=2193) are you about student’s rights when a student reports an UH Hilo (n=453) incident of sexual assault or sexual UH West O‘ahu (n=357) harassment at UH? 27.9%* 24.5% 13.5% 20.4% 26.5% 5.6%10.7% 18.7% 17.5% 27.3% 17.2% 11.6% 21.1% 29.7% 17.6% 22.6% 21.1% 28.2% How knowledgeable UH Mānoa (n=2189) 6.8%* 16.8% are you about where to make a report of UH Hilo (n=453) 11.9% 21.3%* sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH West O‘ahu (n=356) 10.1% 20.6% UH? UH Community Colleges (n=3293) 16.6%* 19.3% 28.9% 19.2% 9.3% 23.7%* 30.9% ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6304) 9.7% 19.8% How knowledgeable UH Mānoa (n=2191) 7.9% are you about where 19.3% to get help at UH if you or someone else UH Hilo (n=453) 12.6%* 25.7%* experienced sexual assault or sexual UH West O‘ahu (n=357) 10.5% 21.0% harassment? UH Community Colleges (n=3303) 10.3%* 16.8% 35.0% 22.4% Not At All 21.0% 35.3%* 22.4% 9.4% A Little 31.9% 20.7% 9.2% UH West O‘ahu (n=357) Somewhat 38.7%* 22.8% 32.3% 24.8%* 32.6%* 23.5% 19.7% 21.6% 60% 26.0% 29.0% 33.3%* 80% 100% Perceptions of Risk: Perceived Scope of Problem of Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence To evaluate students’ perceptions regarding risk of gender violence, students were given the following statement and were then asked a series of questions regarding their assessment of risk: “Sexual assault” and “sexual harassment” refer to a range of behaviors that are nonconsensual or unwanted. These behaviors could include remarks about physical appearance or persistent sexual advances. They could also include threats of force to get someone to engage in sexual behavior such as nonconsensual or unwanted sexual touching, sexual penetration, oral sex, anal sex, or attempts to engage in these behaviors. These behaviors could be initiated by someone known or unknown, including someone you are in or have been in a relationship with. These next questions ask about your perceptions related to the risks of experiencing sexual assault or sexual harassment.” Overall, UH survey participants system-wide did not feel “at risk.” By a margin of almost 4 to 1, students did not perceive sexual assault or harassment to be a problem at UH. Although 14.7 percent felt it was “extremely” or “very” problematic at UH, the majority or 57.5 percent perceived it was “not at all” or “a little” problematic (Figure 22). However, perception of risk was significantly different by gender identity. Perceptions that sexual assault was extremely or very much a problem at the university were highest among TGQN survey participants (23.8%), those who declined to provide gender identity (22.7%), female graduate participants (20.5%), and female undergraduates (13.0%) (Table A-23a in Appendix). Significant differences were also evident across ethnicities. Almost 1 in 5 Filipino survey participants (19.7%) believed sexual assault or harassment was extremely or very problematic on campus, compared to 10.7 percent among Caucasian survey participants (Table A-23c in Appendix). Figure 22: Percent of Student Participants' Perceptions of How Problematic Sexual Assault or Sexual Harassment Is at UH by System and Campus Extremely Problematic Very Problematic ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6282) 5.0%9.7% Somewhat 27.8% UH Mānoa (n=2191) 4.9% 13.7%* 38.6%* 0% 20% UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 87 44.5% 25.8% 40% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. 14.9%* 30.8% 24.1% 22.2% 30.3% 28.0% 36.3% UH West O‘ahu (n=354) 4.4% 8.0% 18.9% Not At All 27.2% UH Hilo (n=449) 3.6%6.0% 23.3% UH Community Colleges (n=3289) 5.4%*7.7% A Little 39.0% 60% 80% 100% Perceived Personal Risk Students were also asked the likelihood that they would experience sexual harassment or genderbased violence at two venues – “while on campus” and “during off-campus university sponsored events.” Again, most students did not feel at personal risk. A majority of students (59.3%) thought it was “not at all” likely they would experience sexual harassment or gender-based violence while on campus (Figure 23). Larger majorities who held this view included male survey participants (76.5%), especially those enrolled in community colleges (79.9%), and female community college survey participants (57.7%). Among students who were most concerned and believed that they were “extremely” or “very” likely to be at risk of on-campus sexual assault and gender violence were survey participants who declined giving gender identity (10.5%) and TGQN (8.7%). There were no significant differences by ethnicity. Figure 23: Percent of Student Participants and Perceived Likelihood of Being at Personal Risk for Sexual Assault or Sexual Harassment While on Campus by System and Campus Extremely likely Very Likely Somewhat Likely 11.3% ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6282) UH Mānoa (n=2191) UH West O‘ahu (n=354) 26.0% 16.2%* UH Hilo (n=449) 10.5%* 6.8% UH Community Colleges (n=3289) 8.6% 0% A Little Likely Not At All Likely 59.3% 31.2%* 47.3%* 30.8%* 56.1% 20.2% 71.7% 22.6% 66.4% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Regarding off-campus UH sponsored events, a plurality of 48.4 percent of survey participants perceived the risk of sexual assault or harassment at off-campus UH sponsored events as “not at all” likely (Figure 24). Two-thirds of males (65.2%) held this view. While 1 in 15 survey participants overall (6.6%) perceived personal risk was extremely or very likely at off-campus UH events, perceived risk was higher among TGQN university undergraduates (17.4%), female university undergraduates (11.7%) and female seniors system-wide (11.1%). By ethnic background, Filipino survey participants perceived significantly higher personal risk, with 10.2 percent feeling extremely or very likely at risk at off-campus UH events. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 88 Figure 24: Percent of Student Participants and Perceived Likelihood of Being at Personal Risk of Sexual Assault or Sexual Harassment during UH Sponsored Off-Campus Events Extremely Likley Very Likely Somewhat Likely ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=6297) 5.2% 17.1% UH Mānoa (n=2196) 7.8%* A Little Likely 27.8% 23.0%* 48.4% 30.7%* UH Hilo (n=453) 4.1% 17.2%* Not At All Likely 37.0%* 29.1% 47.8% UH West O‘ahu (n=354) 3.9%13.5% 25.5% 55.7% UH Community Colleges (n=3295) 3.7% 13.6% 25.9% 55.3% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Helpfulness of Education in New Student Orientation Currently one of UH’s main means of communications with students is through orientation programs. Student participants enrolling in UH in 2016 or 2017 were asked if they attended orientation. Among these new students, 42.0 percent attended orientation; 31.9 percent did not, and 26.1 percent do not remember if they did or not (Figure 25). Figure 25: Percent of New Entering Student Participants Who Attended UH Orientation by System and Campus I attended orientation with training on gender violence I attended orientation without training on gender violence I didn’t attend orientation I don’t remember ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=2064) UH Mānoa (n=642) UH Hilo (n=132) 27.9% 14.1% 29.8%* 11.2% 12.3% UH West O‘ahu (n=97) 28.4%* UH Community Colleges (n=1193) 28.6%* 0% 16.6% 31.9% 40.3%* 42.3%* 9.6% 20% 40% 18.7% 28.8%* 34.2% 15.7%* 26.1% 26.0% 60% 27.9%* 29.7%* 80% 100% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. Among all student participants entering in the 2016 to 2017 years, 27.9 percent recalled that orientation included a training session or information on gender violence and sexual harassment while 14.1 percent said this was not included. Of those who received information or training, half said it was extremely or very useful (50.6%), a third (31.3%) rated it somewhat useful and 18.1 percent said it was not at all or a little useful (Figure 26 below). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 89 Figure 26: Percent of New Entering Student Participants Who Attended Orientation and Recalled Training and Their Perceived Usefulness of It by System and Campus Extremely Useful Very Useful ALL UH CAMPUSES (n=573) Somewhat Useful 11.9% UH Mānoa (n=191) 38.7% 6.6% UH Hilo (n=16) 21.3% UH West O‘ahu (n=28) 17.5% UH Community Colleges (n=338) 14.9% 34.2%* 33.2% 37.0% 20% 90 13.5%* 3.8% 14.1% 31.2%* 40% 60% 3.2% 16.2%* 3.8% 28.2% 60.0%* *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence Not At All Useful 31.3% 39.2% 14.0%* 0% A Little Useful 8.4% 14.8% 3.1% 80% 100% STUDENT BYSTANDER PREVALENCE AND BEHAVIOR UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 91 BYSTANDER BEHAVIOR Survey Questions Used to Identify Bystander Behavior As part of this survey, students were asked about whether they had been a bystander to sexual assault or the potential for assault. Students were specifically asked the following:  If they suspected a friend was sexually assaulted  If they witnessed a drunk person heading for a sexual encounter  If they witnessed someone acting in a sexually violent or harassing manner If they had, students were asked what actions, if any, they took the last time it happened. Multiple answers were accepted across the following 10 behaviors:  Did nothing because I’m not sure what to do  Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends or colleagues  Did nothing for another reason  Reported anonymously  Encouraged victim to seek help  Checked website of UH and other resources  Sought help for victim from confidential resources on campus  Sought help for victim from confidential resources off-campus  Spoke to someone else to seek help  Took action in another way Percent of Student Bystanders at Any Time While Enrolled at UH On a system-wide basis, the large majority (91.1%) were not bystanders to gender-based violence (Table 35 below). Most said they had not witnessed potentially risky behaviors or suspected that a friend had been sexually assaulted. Among all students participating in the survey, about 1 in 10 reported being bystanders, with prevalence higher among university than community college students for all three behaviors queried.  10.7 percent witnessed a drunk person heading for a sexual encounter, with more university students (15.9%) than community college students (5.9%) experiencing.  9.7 percent witnessed someone acting sexually violent or in a harassing manner (university students at 13.6% and community colleges at 6.1%).  8.9 percent suspected a friend was sexually assaulted with university students (12.5%) more likely than community college students (5.7%). Just under a third of TGQN students (30.2%) reported suspecting a friend was sexually assaulted. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 92 Percent of Student Bystanders Who Intervene at Most Recent Encounter A significant percentage of between 74.8 to 43.0 percent students who were bystanders to these behaviors said they intervened the last time an encounter occurred. Although more intervened when it involved supporting a victim after the incident, it was noteworthy that 3 in 7 acted when they witnessed a sexually violent or harassing incident (43.0%). Table 35: Percent of Student Participants Who Witnessed Specific Incidents and Percent of Bystanders Who Took Action or Not During Most Recent Incident by System and Campus Number of Student Participants Suspected a friend is sexually assaulted Did nothing Did something Number of Student Participants Witnessed drunk person heading for sexual encounter Did nothing Did something Number of Student Participants Witnessed someone acting in sexually violent or harassing manner Did nothing Did something ALL UH CAMPUSES UH MĀNOA UH HILO UH WEST O‘AHU UH COMMUNITY COLLEGES (n=5996) (n=2106) (n=434) (n=335) (n=3121) 8.9% 14.1%* 9.6%* 6.2% 5.7% 24.9% 74.8% (n=6001) 23.8% 75.9% (n=2106) 26.6% 71.0% (n=434) 26.2% 73.8% (n=335) 26.0% 74.0% (n=3126) 10.7% 18.2%* 13.0%* 5.5% 5.9% 49.8% 49.4% (n=5946) 52.0% 46.8% (n=2091) 47.4% 51.6% (n=427) 35.4% 64.6% (n=334) 47.3% 52.7% (n=3094) 9.7% 14.8% 12.6% 7.6% 6.1% 56.4% 43.0% 57.7% 42.1% 48.8% 45.8% 48.6% 51.4% 57.4% 42.6% *Shows a statistically significant difference across campuses. For those who suspected a friend was sexually assaulted, the majority (58.5%) reported that the last time this occurred, they encouraged the victim to seek help, with 11.0 percent overall seeking help for the victim from confidential resources on or off campus (Figure 27). On campus assistance was higher for male students (15.6%). Among those who reported not taking action, more female and male students (13.4% and 11.7% respectively) than TGQN students (2.6%) cited “other reasons” (Table A-25 in Appendix). Among survey participants who witnessed risky drunken behavior, half took action (49.4%) and half did not (49.8%) the last time this occurred. While 23.3 percent reported intervening directly to stop it, 18.9 percent took action in another way. Survey participants at university and community college campuses reported similar patterns of behavior. Female bystander students (28.5%) were more likely to intervene directly to prevent assault or harassment, while male students were significantly more likely to take action in another way (24.3%) or to not take action for another reason (30.9%). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 93 For survey participants witnessing sexually violent or harassing behavior from another person, the majority (56.4%) reported not taking action the last time they saw this happen. However, a significant minority of just over 2 in 5 (43.0%) reported intervening. Among the bystanders taking action, over 1 in 6 reported either directly intervening to stop it (17.5%) or taking other action (15.7%). Among survey participants not intervening, female students more often said their inaction came from not being sure about what to do (26.4%) while men (33.9%) attributed no action to a reason other than lack of knowledge or fear of retaliation. Figure 27: Percent of Student Participants Who Witnessed Specific Incidents and Percent of Actions They Took Suspected a friend was sexually assaulted (n=5996) Encouraged friend to seek help 58.5% Took action in another way 19.4% Spoke to someone else to seek help 14.1% Sought help from on campus confidential resources 11.0% Sought help from off-campus confidential resources 11.0% Checked website of UH/other resources 7.4% Reported anonymously Witnessed drunk person heading for sexual encounter (n=6001) 5.9% 23.3% Directly intervened to stop it Took action in another way 18.9% Spoke to someone else to seek help 7.2% Directly intervened to stop it Witnessed someone acting in sexually violent Took action in another way or harassing manner (n=5946) Spoke to someone else to seek help 17.5% 15.7% 9.8% 0% UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 94 25% 50% 75% CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 95 CONCLUSIONS Results of the UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence indicated areas of opportunity to reinforce and build upon positive sentiment among students as well as areas of opportunities for improvement. Areas of Strength Overall, survey results showed that most students generally felt safe and did not see themselves as being at personal risk either on campus or at off-campus UH sponsored events. These personal attitudes plausibly influence student engagement in the overall university community and with diverse academic and social opportunities that contribute to the learning environment. Another area of strength focused on the high level of satisfaction among survey participants who contacted UH resources after experiencing gender violence. By large majorities, they saw their interaction as “very” and “extremely” useful in helping them deal with their experience. This group’s evaluation was based on firsthand experiences, and their strongly positive reactions could motivate other students to contact UH programs. Thirdly, among all students, there was a confidence that if they needed to contact campus officials, they would be treated with respect and their privacy and safety would be protected. In addition, while any incident is one too many, UH prevalences for nonconsensual sexual contact and sexual harassment were less overall than at many Mainland colleges. Finally, many survey participants who witnessed situations involving potential sexual harassment and gender-based violence intervened to support the student at risk or to prevent escalation of risk. These positives give UH a core of students who could be assets in programs to increase reporting, to develop preventive programs, and to undertake training initiatives. Opportunities for Improvement At the same time, results indicated UH clearly has opportunities to further improve the campus climate and better address students’ concerns. To some extent, prevalence levels among the overall student population masked higher prevalence of gender violence among high-risk students by demographic or enrollment characteristics. Secondly, despite differences in questionnaire design, results suggested a larger percentage of survey participants experienced dating and domestic violence or stalking as compared with national studies. How to connect these students to campus resources so they remain committed to academic achievement could be a subject for discussion by those developing future action plans. Further, results showed room for improvement on awareness of UH policies as well as of its processes, e.g., to whom to report and how. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 96 For example, students reported not contacting UH resources because they did not consider a gender violence incident “serious enough.” A higher awareness of what constitutes a violation of UH policies on sexual harassment and gender-based violence could help students feel less hesitant, embarrassed, or ashamed to contact campus officials. While students generally expressed confidence in potential interactions with campus officials, they indicated some doubts about follow-up actions --- both in terms of a fair investigation and consequences for the offender. IMPLICATIONS The UH Survey utilized a tested design of self-reported incidents of four types of gender violence behaviors to scientifically and reliably estimate prevalence across all 10 campuses. It also highlighted statistically significant factors associated with students reporting higher prevalences of gender violence. As such, the UH Survey fills an important knowledge gap of factual estimates on gender violence in the UH System. It also contributes another source for the State of Hawaii’s database on gender violence. Although most available State data are derived from persons who have contacted programmatic resources, the UH Survey indicated that a high percentage experiencing gender violence chose not to disclose their experience to official programs. Finally, from a national perspective, the UH Survey is among the first nationwide assessments of students enrolled in a university system encompassing four-year and two-year degree granting institutions of higher education; undergraduate programs, graduate departments, and professional schools. The purpose of this survey is to provide the University of Hawaii with empirical data for decision makers, not to recommend how the information is utilized. That role and the development of action plans informed by survey results rests with the UH, its students, faculty and employees, as well as community stakeholders. Fact finding is but one step toward fulfilling the UH’s goal of a campus climate where students can achieve academic success and personal growth in a safe and supportive environment. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 97 REFERENCES Cantor, D., Fisher, B., Chibnall, S., Townsend, R, Lee, H., Bruce, C., and Thomas, G. (2015). Report on the AAU campus climate survey on sexual assault and sexual misconduct. Westat: Rockville, MD. Retrieved from https://www.aau.edu/sites/default/files/%40%20Files/Climate%20Survey/AAU_Campus_Clim ate_Survey_12_14_15.pdf Cantor, D., Townsend, R. & Sun H. (2016). Methodology Report for the AAU Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct. Retrieved from https://www.aau.edu/sites/default/files/%40%20Files/Climate%20Survey/Methodology_Report _for_AAU_Climate_Survey_4-12-16.pdf Fisher, B.S., Cullen, F.T., & Turner, M.G. (2000). The sexual victimization of college women. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. Gross, A.M., Winslett, A., Roberts, M., Gohn, C.L. (2006). An examination of sexual violence against college women. Violence Against Women, 12(3), 288-300. Jennifer L. Truman, Lynn Langton. Criminal Victimization, 2014. US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, August 2015. Retrieved from https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cv14.pdf. Koss, M. P., Gidycz, C. A., & Wisniewski, N. (1987). The scope of rape: Incidence and prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization in a national sample of higher education students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(2), 162–170. Krebs, C.P., Lindquist, C.H., Warner, T.D., Fisher, B.S., & Martin, S.L. (2009). College women’s experiences with physically forced, alcohol- or other drug-enabled, and drugfacilitated sexual assault before and since entering college. Journal of American College Health, 57(6), 639-647. National Institute of Justice. Measuring Frequency. 2008. Retrieved from https://www.nij.gov/topics/crime/rape-sexual-violence/campus/Pages/measuring.aspx. UCLA Institute for Digital Research and Education (2017). What Does Cronbach’s Alpha Mean? Retrieved from https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/spss/faq/what-does-cronbachs-alpha-mean/. White, J.W., Smith, P.H. (2004). A longitudinal perspective on physical and sexual intimate partner violence against women. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 98 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 99 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The University of Hawai‘i Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Genderbased Violence was a major undertaking. It is one of the first studies of an entire university system, encompassing four-year universities, community colleges and graduate and professional schools. It also assessed sexual harassment and gender-based violence on one of the most diverse university systems in the nation. This survey was the first comprehensive report of sexual harassment and gender-based violence across all the University of Hawai‘i System’s 10 campuses. A project this innovative and complex required high levels of expertise, experience, rigor, dedication and teamwork among the university’s stakeholders, including students, administrators, faculty, staff and consultants. Throughout this process, the cooperation was outstanding. UH President David Lassner led this survey initiative with a call for a comprehensive and transparent assessment of sexual harassment and gender-based violence, with the resulting information used to enhance the University of Hawai‘i’s student campus climate. Vice President for Administration Jan Gouveia and Office of Institutional Equity (OIE) Director Jennifer Solidum Rose have administered implementation, ensuring UH goals are met and that multiple stakeholders have had input throughout the process. Besides leadership in the Office of the President, the dedication shown by OIE leadership have facilitated the success of this undertaking, notably Director Rose, whose leadership and commitment set a high bar. Senior Advisor Jan Tamura shepherded the project from the outset. OIE staff David Yamashiro, Cu Ri Lee, Michelle Rocca, and Mychal “Mykie” Ozoa also contributed meaningfully to this survey. We sincerely thank the UH Office of Institutional Equity’s Campus Climate Study Advisory Group for their excellent input and collaboration provided.  Corey Adler, Assistant Professor of Sociology, Leeward Community College  Libby Bailey, Title IX Coordinator, University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo  Christine S.Y. Chun, Director of the Office of Compliance and Title IX, University of Hawaiʻi Community Colleges System Jane Chung-Do, Assistant Professor of the Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa   Phoebe Hwang, Student, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa  Brenda Ivelisse, Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs, Kapiʻolani Community College  Valli Kalei Kanuha, former Professor of Sociology, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa  Cynthia Schoepner, Project Coordinator of the Office of the Dean in the College of Social Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 100 We also extend sincere appreciation to our national consultants, Professor Sandra Martin and Professor Bonnie Fisher, who lent their outstanding national expertise and depth of experience in sexual harassment and gender-based violence assessments to UH and Team OmniTrak from the outset. Mahalo too to Nanci Kreidman whose hands-on expertise in victim advocacy helped keep the approach grounded in the nuances of Hawai‘i and to unique culture. Finally, our sincere appreciation to OmniTrak’s Hawai‘i team who undertook the project with exceeding dedication as they led their executional teams: Alan Ellis, Chris Kam, Tao Feng, Rowena Vila, Ronnie Rono, and Kreg Yoshitake. Fact-finding is but the first step in any assessment. We look forward to action steps that will be informed by the results of this survey to enhance even further the UH Student Campus Climate surrounding sexual harassment and gender-based violence. I mua! UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 101 APPENDICES UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 102 OmmTrak APPENDIX I: QUESTIONNAIRE DEVELOPMENT For consistency and comparison, the publicly available and previously tested survey questions developed by the Association of American Universities in its 2015 study for 27 Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) formed the base of the survey design, particularly the questions asking about incidence and prevalence of sexual harassment and gender-based violence. To ensure the design considered potential issues and areas of concern at the University of Hawai‘i, and aligned with UH’s diverse campus system, focus groups of undergraduate, graduate and professional school students were conducted on all islands. Focus groups were implemented between September 12 and 19, 2016, and gathered design input from different student constituencies. I.A. OIE UH Campus Climate Advisory Group Input Focus group results were presented to the OIE UH Campus Climate Advisory Group (OIE Advisory Group). The OIE Advisory Group was also consulted on which AAU-recommended design enhancements in the methodological report might be implemented for the UH Survey, and contributed subject matter expertise and a Hawaii campus perspective to the design decisionmaking process. Using both national and local input, OmniTrak, its national consultants, and the OIE Advisory Group finalized an instrument for the UH Survey. OmniTrak conducted cognitive testing of the UH Survey draft instrument among students in November 2016, utilizing this testing and the focus group input in recommending a final questionnaire. UH OIE and its Advisory Group approved the final questionnaire instrument. It was then submitted to the UH Institutional Review Board (UHIRB) since the research involved human subjects. UHIRB approved the survey on December 13, 2016. Prior to launch of data collection OmniTrak additionally secured the National Institute of Health’s Certificate of Confidentiality to provide students further levels of protection on confidentiality and non-disclosure. Although English is the language of UH, portions of the final UHIRB-approved survey were translated into four (4) languages to facilitate ease of administration. The languages of translation were Tagalog, Chinese, Japanese and Korean. I.B. Comparison of the UH Survey and the AAU Survey Findings from the UH Survey can be compared to findings from the Association of American Universities (AAU) Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct (see Cantor, et al., 2015); however, it is important to understand the differences in the survey populations and methodologies when making this comparison. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 103 First, the UH Survey focuses on public universities and community colleges, while the AAU survey focuses on 27 universities, some of them private and some of them public. The report documenting the AAU survey findings combines information from all 27 universities (reporting average findings aggregated over all 27 universities), but does not offer all the findings from only the public universities. Second, although the UH Survey incorporated many of the same concepts (e.g., nonconsensual sexual contact, sexual harassment, stalking) and questions as used in the AAU survey, the wording of questions was oftentimes changed for the UH Survey (with these changes being made in response to important feedback from focus groups and key informant discussions conducted with UH students and staff). Some examples are noted below. The concepts/definitions of nonconsensual sexual contact were the same for the AAU and UH Surveys, with both surveys asking about specific types of nonconsensual sexual contact behaviors, as well as the tactics used by offenders to achieve (or attempt) this contact. However, somewhat different approaches were used in the AAU and UH Survey to pose questions about these issues. The AAU survey simultaneously asked about the specific behaviors (such as sexual penetration) and tactics (such as physical force) in one question (e.g., “…used physical force or threat of physical force to do the following with you…” In contrast, the UH Survey first asked questions concerning specific behaviors (“…has any of the following types of sexual penetration happened to you without your consent…”), and if any of those behaviors were endorsed by student participants, then they were asked other questions about the tactics used by the offender to achieve the behavior (e.g., “Did you experience any of the following circumstances during this/the most recent incident?”) with the response options including physical force or threats of physical force, etc. When asking students about sexual harassment, AAU’s survey question incorporates both examples of sexual harassing behaviors and a description of their negative impact in the wording of the question. However, the AAU Methodological Report recommended that the negative impact be posed as a separate question. UH adopted the AAU’s recommendation and asked specifically as a separate question if sexual harassment behaviors had a negative impact on the student in any one of five possible ways. These included: (1) interfering with academic or professional performance; (2) interfering with academic participation; (3) interfering with academic attendance; (4) interfering with interaction with faculty, peers or others for academic purposes; or (5) creating an intimidating, hostile or offensive social, academic or work environment. Only survey participants who indicated that sexual harassment resulted in negative academic impacts were included in the calculation of the percent of UH students experiencing sexual harassment. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 104 In the questions regarding stalking, UH kept AAU’s wording that stalking behaviors made students “afraid for (their) personal safety” but added “or caused emotional distress.” The latter was used in the 2016 redesign of the National Crime Victimization Survey’s Supplemental Victimization Survey (SVS) on stalking. Regarding the dating and domestic violence questions, UH’s design adopted national recommendations in the AAU Methodological Report, as well as suggestions from UH focus group participants, to expand examples to include psychological aggression. Comparison of findings from the UH Survey and the AAU survey are shown in Figure A1. The percentage of UH students experiencing nonconsensual sexual contact was less than half that of the students in the AAU study (6.3% vs. 14.8%). The percentage of UH students reporting sexual harassment was approximately one fifth of the percentage of AAU students reporting this (9.3% vs. 47.7%). On the other hand, almost twice as many UH students reported experiencing stalking or dating/domestic violence compared with those in the AAU survey (9.7% vs. 4.2%, and 19.1% vs. 9.8%, respectively). Figure A1. Percent of Student Participants Experienced Gender Violence by Type at Any Time While Enrolled: Comparison of UH System and AAU Findings Nonconsensual Sexual Contact UH 6.3% 14.8% AAU 9.3% Sexual Harassment 47.7% 9.7% Stalking 4.2% Dating and Domestic Violence 19.1% 9.8% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Number of student participants for UH study: 6,311/Number of student participants for AAU study: 150,380 How might the differences in the questions of the UH Survey and AAU survey findings lead to different results? It is plausible that for sexual harassment, the lower UH prevalence may be due to the UH’s separate question on negative consequences, which made the latter more explicit and which defined sexual harassment only when both behavior and negative responses were positive. Regarding nonconsensual sexual contact, it is plausible that a similar construct affected prevalence estimates. However, it is also plausible that other system characteristics discussed in the next section (e.g., residential status and/or a limited fraternity/sorority presence) may be influencers. In addition, it is plausible that the higher percentage of stalking discovered by the UH Survey relative to the AAU survey is because the UH Survey not only documented stalking that made students afraid for their safety, but also documented stalking that caused students emotional distress. Further, a possible explanation for the greater percentage of UH students than UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 105 AAU students reporting dating/domestic violence experiences may be because the UH Survey had a greater number of questions regarding dating/domestic violence compared to the AAU survey, including questions concerning psychological aggression, which is a common form of dating/domestic violence. I.C. Student Focus Group Input Into Questionnaire Development As part of the questionnaire development process, OmniTrak conducted 10 focus groups with students from the University of Hawaii. The purpose of the groups was primarily to obtain UH student input on the questionnaire design, definitions under consideration for use in the survey, and characteristics influencing campus climate perceptions and usefulness of resources available to students. Secondarily, focus groups explored how to publicize and motivate student participation in the survey. The focus groups were conducted prior to a questionnaire cognitive test among 51 students. The UH Office of Institutional Equity and the UH OIE Campus Climate Advisory Group recommended composition of the groups based on input from campuses and a national literature search identifying potentially vulnerable populations. Participants were recruited using a snowballing sample frame as well as through on-campus central location random recruitment intercepts. Focus groups were conducted on each major Island (Oahu, Hawaii, Maui and Kauai) with participants recruited from each of the 10 campuses. Participants overall represented a mix of four-year and two-year campuses, undergraduates, graduate/professional schools, and different years in school. Both students who had experienced sexual harassment or gender violence and those who had not joined the groups. All groups were conducted on UH campuses. Because of the sensitivity of the subject, the UH Office of Institutional Equity and OmniTrak, working with on-campus resources and with victim advocate resources in the community including the Domestic Violence Action Center (DVAC) developed protocols for focus group participants in distress or requiring emotional support. OIE and OmniTrak retained Victim Service Counselors at each focus group. Counselors were either just outside or within a fiveminute walking distance from the focus group venue. Briefings and trainings were conducted in advance of focus groups for both advocates and moderators. Focus group participants were informed both at recruitment and before each group of availability of support resources and how to request assistance. The process was developed to respond to student concerns that the request for assistance be discrete so as not to embarrass participants needing support. In addition, support resources were available at each site after the focus groups were completed. OmniTrak informed each participant of this resource and how to make contact during the focus group sign-out process. More detailed information regarding focus groups is included in following sections of this appendix. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 106 I.C. Student Focus Group Materials I.C.1 Focus Group Schedule I.C.2 OIE’s Guide for Advocates & Counselors I.C.3 Moderator’s Outline UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 107 I.C.1 Focus Group Schedule UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 108 I.C. 2 OIE’s Guide for Advocates & Counselors UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 109 I.C.3 Moderator’s Outline UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 110 Donsesi'ie or ?eeing Violence Domenic or rioting vioi'ence is when your hoyi?girih?ienii, hashonii-?wife, iover, hook-in: canister specieffriene? ireocs you in any ofrhe?iiowing woys: coii's yon names or uses pnidowns,? hits, sings, ynishes or uses weapons, ihreeiens uL-?Gti or your forniifv, conirois who you see-'? inih so, exirerneiy jeoions (accuses you of hoving e?eirsj; oonirois ihe money, even if ii is your eornings,? drives ooreiessiy with yon in ihe oer; hurts or threatens to hurt p-eis, destroy iienis nieening,? threatens to it?! or ?one? you or others if? you ore {?t-on ienver?hreoh up. Perceived meaning of question Any words, de?nitions, meanings that were unclear or where you had questions? ?Why these words.? what you think they mean or why di?icult or nuclear? Which words helpful in understanding de?nition? Reaction if this de?nition used in an on?line survey? Any words that might be offensive? Confusing? Anything else? How can de?nition be improved? F. Sonnet! Assonh? Senate? essonh is or non-consensuei touching ofe rerun! nninre iihe?oroeo? hissing, touching ofprivniepnrisjonoting or yonr in sexism!? wny, even ifii is over your eiorhes. Perceived meaning of question Any words, de?nitions, meanings that were unclear or where you had questions?? ?Why these words.? what you think they mean or why di?icult or nuclear? Which words helpful in understanding de?nition?? Reaction if this de?nition used in an on?line survey? Any words that might be offensive? Confusing? Anything else? 5. How can de?nition be improved? G. Nonconsensnei setnni conioi or rnpe is when someone forces you io hove orni?, onoi or veginoi' sear against your or oonseni. ii incheies purring penis in your mouth, vagina or ones nnoT or o?nger or ohjeci fhhe or hostile} in your vagina or onus ggninsi your I: raise incino'es sonieone piering their on your vggine, penis or nines eniir?or sorneone forcing you to per your mouth on their penis, mgino or enns ogeinsiyonr wih?. Perceived meaning of question Any words, de?nitions, meanings that were unclear or where you had questions? ?Why these words.? what you think they mean or why di?icult or nuclear? ?Which words helpful in understanding de?nition? Reaction if this de?nition used in an on?line survey? Any words that might be offensive? Confusing? Anything else? How can de?nition be improved? I?ll". REPORTING GENDER AND USE OF SERVICES A. Awareness of Students Resources for sexual harassment and gender violence B. Usage Why or why not C. ?Who do students discuss incidents of gender violence with D. Characteristics desired in resources available to prevent campus gender violence or to support students who experience E. ?Why these are important? UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 1 1 1 0 OmmTrak UH lClimate Fecus lI'E?rrciup Discussien IGuide Page 3 AND ENGAGEIEITI A. Explain ferthceniing surve}r Haw can we motivate participaticrn? I. ?ew te publicize? E. Hetv te maximise participatien? 3. Types cf events? 4- Descripticrn cf leaders" spokespersons? 5. Where te publicize? 5. Role of secial media? Which ones used most ?equeu?v? C. incentives 1. What tvpe? 1. Eli-11v rustivating? 3. Perceived value? 4. Preferred ferrn incentive? ANY CUMMENTS THANK i Explain I Explain signing gratuitv receipt I lDthers UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 1 12 OmniTrak Focus Group Collateral STALKING is when someone you know or do not know repeatedly follows or approaches you,watches you, calls, writes e?mails or leaves messages or items for you, or spreads rumors about you that are unwanted and/or make you feel afraid or concerned for your safety. DOMESTIC OR DATING VIOLENCE is when your boy/girlfriend, husband/wife, lover, date, hook-up and/or special friend treats you in any of the following ways: calls you names or uses putdowns; hits, slaps, pushes or uses weapons; threatens you or your family, controls who you see/talk to; extremely jealous (accuses you of having affairs); controls the money, even if it is your earnings; drives carelessly with you in the car; hurts or threatens to hurt pets, destroy items of special meaning; threatens to kill or ?out" you or others if you are if you leave/break up. SEXUAL ASSAULT is unwanted or non-consensual touching of a sexual nature like forced kissing, touching of private parts, fondling or rubbing against you in a sexual way, even if it is over your clothes. RAPE is when someone forces you to have oral, anal or vaginal sex against your will or consent. It includes putting a penis in your mouth, vagina or anus and or putting a ?nger or object (like a bottle) in your vagina or anus against your will. It also includes someone putting their mouth on your vagina, penis or anus and/or someone forcing you to put your mouth on their penis, vagina or anus against your will. Methodology and Format ?Copyrighted by OmniTrak Group Inc. {September 2016} Pagel 1 of 1 UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 1 13 OmmTrak I.D. Topics Discussed But Not Included in Final Instrument Discussions with UH OIE and OIE’s Advisory Group produced a diverse and robust list of potential additional topics for the UH Survey. The suggested topics covered a wide range --- from more tactical details on the time sequence of a gender violence incident; when contact was made with a UH or outside program; and when a reply was receives to criteria for desired support programs and why these were important to macro issues such as the cultural factors that may influence gender violence attitudes and behaviors. For example, interest was specifically expressed on probing the motivations of gender violence offenders to determine how they might be mitigated on the campus environment and to better develop prevention programs. Other suggested topics related to the inter-personal interactions between students and their peers, faculty, teaching assistants, and administrators, and how they impact student perceptions of the UH Campus Climate on sexual harassment and gender-based violence. These suggestions covered both behavior and the attitudes as well as values of the UH community. Another area of interest was to gain student reaction to potential new programs for support and/or prevention so that the Survey might develop specific recommendations for action. Still another area of potential inquiry was to survey the non-student population across the 10 campuses, e.g. UH faculty, staff, and other employees from all sectors. While these topics resulted in stimulating and engaged discussion, OIE, and its Advisory Group and OmniTrak shared joint concern that a lengthy survey would increase termination bias, and that these topics might be better placed on a future “wish list” rather than added to the benchmark UH Survey on Campus Climate on Sexual Harassment and Gender-based Violence. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 114 APPENDIX II: HUMAN SUBJECTS PROTECTIONS AND SAFEGUARDS II.A. UH Institutional Review Board (IRB) Review Options and Process Overview Since the UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence involved human subjects and sensitive information, it was critical to ensure the health, welfare, rights, and dignity of people who participated in the research. The project team strove to meet the ethical standards governing the conduct of research, taking them into consideration in every aspect of the project. The Consent Form, the most important piece of the project’s communications to UH students required agreement by students before taking the survey. The Form clearly explained participation risks and benefits, data security, protection of privacy, maintenance of confidentiality, and protections for vulnerable populations. UH OIE prepared and submitted an application of UHIRB. The project was accepted as a non-exempt research subjective to expedited review, given its controlled risks. UHIRB approved the survey on December 13, 2016. The memorandum of IRB approval is shown below. The Principle Investigator (PI) of this project was Ms. Jennifer Solidum Rose, JD, Director of OIE, and Co-Investigators were Ms. Jan Tamura, JD, Special Adviser of OIE and Ms. Cynthia Scheopner, JD, Project Coordinator of UH Mānoa College of Social Sciences. Contents of IRB Application included the following sections: Personnel Information Subject Checklist Study Location General Checklist Funding Application Type Checklist Expedited Paragraphs Summary, Purpose, Procedures Background and additional procedures Subject Population Recruitment Process, Subject Compensation and Costs UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence Risks Benefits Procedures to Maintain Confidentiality Consent Information Assent Background HIPAA Drugs and Devices Potential Conflict of Interest Attachments Obligations Event History Comments 115 UNIVERSITY Office of Research Compliance Of Human Studies Program SYSTEM TO: Rose. Jennifer. University of Hawaii System. Office of Institutional Equity Alan Ellis. Tao Feng. Rowena Vila, Tamura, Jan. JD, MSW. University of Hawaii System. Office of Institutional Equity. Scheopner. JD. MA. University of Hawaii at Manoa. Social Sciences. Dean's Office FROM: Lin-deshetler. Denise, Dir. Hum Prog, Social Behavioral PROTOCOL TITLE: 2017 UH Student Climate Survey Regarding Sexual Harassment Gender-Based Violence FUNDING SOURCE: NONE PROTOCOL NUMBER: 2016-31022 APPROVAL PERIOD: Approval Date: December 13. 2016 Expiration Date: November 30. 2017 NOTICE OF APPROVAL FOR HUMAN RESEARCH Under an expedited review procedure, the research project identified above was approved for one year on December 13. 2016 by the University of Hawaii Institutional Review Board (UH IRB). The application qualified for expedited review under CFR 46.110 and 21 CFR 56.110. Category 73. 7b This memorandum is your record of the IRB approval of this study. Please maintain it with your study records. The UH IRB approval for this project will expire on November 30, 2017. If you expect your project to continue beyond this date. you must submit an application for renewal of this Human Studies Program approval. The Human Studies Program approval must be maintained for the entire term of your project. If. during the course of your project, you intend to make changes to this study, you must obtain approval from the Human Studies Program prior to implementing any changes, If an Unanticipated Problem occurs during the course of the study. you must notify the Human Studies Program within 24 hours of knowledge of the problem. A formal report must be submitted to the Human Studies Program within 10 daysThe de?nition of "Unanticipated Problem" may be found at the HSP Policies 8. Guidance website, and the report form may be downloaded from the website You are required to maintain complete records pertaining to the use of humans as participants in your research. This includes all information or materials conveyed to and received from participants as well as signed consent forms. data. analyses, and results. These records must be maintained for at least three years following project completion or termination. and they are subject to inspection and review by the Human Studies Program and other authorized agencies. Please notify this office when your project is complete. Upon noti?cation. we will close ourfiles pertaining to your project, Reactivation of the Human Studies Program approval will require a new Human Studies Program application. 1960 East-West Road Biomedical Sciences Building 8104 Honolulu. Hawaii 96822 Telephone: [008) 956-5007 Fax: [808) 956-8683 An Equal OpportunityIAlfirmative Action Institution UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 1 16 0 Omn1Trak II.B. Participant Emotional Protections / Informed Consent/ Distressed Protocols The survey asked students who experienced sexual harassment and gender-based violence to provide many details related to their incidents, including timing, number of offenders, offender’s relationship to them, tactics offenders used, and etc. The project team foresaw that students could run into emotional disturbance recalling their personal experiences. Hence, protocols were developed to support students who became distressed participating in the survey. A confidential resource link was included in the Consent Form, and every page of the online survey as well. Trigger Warning in Consent Form: Students who participated in the online survey found a “Trigger Warning” in the Consent Form, and were given a link for help if needed. It is shown below: TRIGGER WARNING: This survey also asks about your personal experience with inappropriate sexual behaviors, such as sexual harassment, sexual assault and other forms of gender-based violence. Some of the questions in this survey use explicit language, and some people may find it uncomfortable or upsetting, but it is important that we ask the questions in this way so that you are clear what we mean. If you need help, a link to confidential resources will be available on every page of the survey: http://www.hawaii.edu/titleix/confidential/ Screenshot of Confidential Resources in the Online Survey: UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 117 II.C. NIH Certificate of Confidentiality OmniTrak additionally secured the National Institute of Health (NIH)’s Certificate of Confidentiality (CoC) to provide student participants further levels of protection on confidentiality and non-disclosure. A CoC protects investigators from being forced to tell anyone about students’ participation in this study, even under a subpoena. However, investigators are still required to report to the authorities under certain circumstances, for example, if child abuse is involved or students threaten to harm themselves or others. OmniTrak developed an application which was approved by OIE and submitted it on UH’s behalf. The CoC was obtained prior to launch of data collection. Students were informed in the Consent Form about the additional benefits and limitation of a NIH CoC. The Certificate of Confidentiality is shown on the next page. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 118 of Child Health and Human Development Bethesda MD 20817 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute :2 DRIVE Health Research Throughout the Lifespan 12/22/2016 University of Hawaii Mrs. Jennifer Solidum Rose 2444 Dole Street Bachman Hall 204 Honolulu, HI 96822 Dear Mrs. Rose, Enclosed is the Con?dentiality Certificate, protecting the identity of research subjects in your multi-site project entitled ?201 7 University of Hawaii (UH) Student Climate Survey Regarding Sexual Harassment Gender- Based Violence?. Please note that the Certi?cate expires on 11/30/2017. Please be sure that the consent form given to research participants accurately states the intended uses of personally identi?able information and the confidentiality protections, including the protection provided by the Certi?cate of Confidentiality with its limits and exceptions. If you determine that the research project will not be completed by the expiration date, 11/30/2017, you must submit awritten request for an extension of the Certi?cate three (3) months prior to the expiration date. If you make any changes to the protocol for this study, you should contact me regarding modification of this Certi?cate. Any requests for modifications of this Certi?cate must include the reason for the request, documentation of the most recent IRB approval, and the expected date for completion of the research project. Please advise me of any situation in which the certi?cate is employed to resist disclosure of information in legal proceedings. Should attorneys for the project wish to discuss the use of the certi?cate, they may contact the Office of the NIH Legal Advisor, National Institutes of Health, at (301) 496-6043. Correspondence should be sent to: Dennis Twombly Ph. D. Eunice Kennedy Sh?verNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development 6710B ROCKLEDGE DRIVE Rm 2158 Bethesda, MD 20817 Sincerely, Approved Date: 12/22/2016 Dennis Twombly Ph. D. Deputy Director OEP Eunice Kennedy Sh?verNationalJrimmtte ofChiId Health and Human Development UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 1 19 0 OmmTrak CONFIDENTIALITY CERTIFICATE CC-HD-I 6-21 7 issued to University of Hawaii conducting research known as "201 7 University of Hawaii (UH) Student Climate Survey Regarding Sexual Harassment Gender-Based Violence" In accordance with the provisions of section 301(d) of the Public Health Service Act 42 U.S.C. 241(d), this Certi?cate is issued in response to the request of the Principal Investigator, Mrs. Jennifer Solidum Rose, to protect the privacy of research subjects by withholding their identities from all persons not connected with this research. Mrs. Jennifer Solidum Rose is primarily responsible for the conduct of this research, which is funded by: 1. Internal Institution funding Under the authority vested in the Secretary of Health and Human Services by section 301(d), all persons who: 1. are enrolled in, employed by, or associated with University of Hawaii and its contractors or cooperating agencies, and 2. have in the course of their employment or association access to information that would identify individuals, who are the subjects of the research, pertaining to the project known as ?2017 University of Hawaii (UH) Student Climate Survey Regarding Sexual Harassment Gender-Based Violence?. 3. are hereby authorized to protect the privacy of the individuals, who are the subjects of that research, by withholding their names and other identifying characteristics from all persons not connected with the conduct of that research. This primary research of enrolled students 18 and over at all UH campuses will determine prevalence and incidence of sexual harassment and gender violence. The study will analyze behavior surrounding the sexual harassment and gender violence incidents including speci?c behaviors such as sexual assault, intimate partner violence, stalking, sexual exploitation, etc.; conditions surrounding incidents such as substance abuse, location e. g. dormitories, campus bar, af?liated housing, etc.', intervention by by-standers, and post-incident reporting etc.; awareness and perceptions of campus resources, etc. Subject data will be collected with an on-line self- administered internet survey that will serve as a baseline for future potential studies. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 120 Omanrak A Certi?cate of Con?dentiality is needed because sensitive information will be collected during the course of the study. The certi?cate will help researchers avoid involuntary disclosure that could expose subjects or their families to adverse economic, legal, and social consequences. The sample of students provided by the UH as prospective subjects will include email addresses and no names. Subjects are issued a unique survey identification number, enabling coding by numbers instead of by email addresses. The link information will be kept in locked files under the supervision of staff who have been certified after security training by the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI) program, and will be destroyed upon study completion. This research begins on 01/15/2017 and is expected to end on 11/30/2017. As provided in section 301 of the Public Health Service Act 42 U.S.C. 241 "Persons so authorized to protect the privacy of such individuals may not be compelled in any Federal, State, or local civil, criminal, administrative, legislative, or other proceedings to identify such individuals." This Certificate does not protect you from being compelled to make disclosures that: (1) have been consented to in writing by the research subject or the subject?s legally authorized representative; (2) are required by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.) or regulations issued under that Act; or (3) have been requested from a research project ?inded by NIH or DHHS by authorized representatives of those agencies for the purpose of audit or program review. This Certificate does not represent an endorsement of the research project by the Department of Health and Human Services. This Certi?cate is now in effect and will expire on 11/30/2017. The protection afforded by this Con?dentiality Certi?cate is permanent with respect to any individual who participates as a research subject about whom the investigator maintains identifying information) during the time the Certi?cate is in effect. Sincerely, MAW Signed ate: Della Harm PILD. Aswciate Director for Extramural Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute ofCiu'ld Realm and Human evelopment UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 121 OmniTrak II.D. Data Security and Protecting Confidentiality OmniTrak follows the Market Research Association (MRA) Code of Ethics for protecting the confidentiality of anything learned about a survey participant. OmniTrak has also been trained in Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) privacy rules. HIPPA is considered the gold standard by many of how to handle sensitive personal information. OmniTrak implemented the same data security rules to the UH Climate Survey. Relevant to this study, OmniTrak personnel who had access to the UH files completed the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI) program on human subject research including data security and confidentiality. This included Research director, director of field operations, data processing manager, etc. To ensure data security and confidentiality, the project team took proactive steps from the onset of the study. The sample file from UH contained only students’ email address. Student name, student identification number, or other personally identifiable information were not provided. The file was secured in OmniTrak’s encrypted sample folder. OmniTrak assigned a survey identification number to each adult student. When data collection was completed, the link between student email and OmniTrak ID was broken, and stored separately in an encrypted folder with different passwords. This ensured the raw data could not be tied back to the individual survey participants. All survey responses were kept strictly confidential. No response was individually identified by name of student participant, but rather aggregated across all surveys and by key characteristics. OmniTrak followed other protocols to ensure data confidentiality and security include but not limited to: 1) Secure files; 2) Limited Access; 3) Wireless Access; 4) Destruction of files; 5) Compliance. The OmniTrak’s online survey platform utilized advanced security technologies and best practices that adhere to the highest industry standards. They included but not limited to: 1) Amazon Web Services (AWS); 2) Coding Practices; 3) AWS Firewalls; 4) AWS Access Points; 5) Data Encryption; 6) Secure Survey Share Link – Secure Socket Layer; 7) Security Standards – CIS Critical Security Control. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 122 APPENDIX III: SURVEY SUPPORT COLLATERAL MATERIALS III.A. Project FAQs III.B. Promotional Flyers III.C. Promotional Video UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 123 III.A. Project FAQs UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 124 University of Hawai'i Student Campus Climate Survev Regarding Sexual Harassment 8. Gender-Based Violence FAQs 3 How well students believe the UH community responds to and addresses their concerns. 3 Their awareness of resource and reporting options for those experiencing sexual violence, sexual harassment, stalking, and interpersonal violence [domestic and dating violence}. 3 Prevalence how widespread} and incidence how often] of sexual violence, sexual harassment, stalking, and interpersonal violence on our campuses. - The survey.r represents President Lassners and the commitment to raising awareness about sexual harassment and gender?based violence, addressing students? expenences and concems about their personal safetv, and ensuring a safe learning and working environment. . The survey,r also ful?lls the requirements of a new Hawai?i law, Act 208, which requires UH to conduct a campus climate surveyr of students by March 31, 201? and to repeat the surveyr everyr two vears. HOW WILL THE SURVEY RESULTS BE - Data from the surveyr will be analyzed and presented in aggregate form in a report. The results will establish a baseline for assessing progress as it addresses these issues, and as a resource to sustain the community?s commitment to work together to ensure safe and inclusive campuses. - The aggregate data will also be incorporated in the UH Action Plan to guide future programmatic, education and training initiatives as well as the development of policies and procedures regarding sexual harassment and gender?based violence. - The report is expected to contain valuable information about marginalized groups on campus and their varying levels of risk. It will be important for UH to dig deeply,r into those data to address dvnamics of power and pn'vilege to meet the needs of manyr of its students. WHO CAN STUDENTS TALK TO IF THEY HAVE ANY QUESTIONS ABOUT THE SURVEY IN - Theyr can contact the UH Of?ce of Institutional Equitv: Eiv email: Bv phone: [303} 956-8629 WHO CAN STUDENTS CONTACT IF THEY HAVE EXPERIENCED SEXUAL HARASSMENT, SEXUAL ASSAULT DOMESTIC OR DATING VIOLENCE OR . Students who want to receive assistance or information in a oonfidentiai, private setting on their campus or in their communityr can ?nd the right resource for them by going to: - Students who are readyr to make a formai report about their experience to the University should contact their campus Title IX Coordinator by going to: UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 125 Omanrak III.B.1 Promotional Flyers (1/5) UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 126 III.B.2 Promotional Flyers (2/5) UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 127 III.B.3 Promotional Flyers (3/5) UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 128 III.B.4 Promotional Flyers (4/5) UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 129 III.B.5 Promotional Flyers (5/5) UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 130 III.C. Promotional Video UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 131 APPENDIX IV: SURVEY INSTRUMENT IV.A. Survey Invitation IV.B. Consent Form UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 132 University of Hawai‘i Consent to Participate in a Research Project Jennifer Solidum Rose, Principal Investigator Project Title: University of Hawai‘i Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment & Gender-Based Violence University of Hawai‘i (UH) is asking all adult students to answer a brief survey on campus climate, particularly about sexual harassment and gender-based violence. The survey is sponsored by the Office of the President in collaboration with the Office of Institutional Equity (OIE). UH has contracted with OmniTrak Group, Inc., an independent market research company based in Honolulu, Hawai‘i to conduct this system-wide confidential online survey among all students who are 18 years or older. Project Description – Activities and Time Commitment: If you decide to take part in this project, you will be asked to fill out an online survey. This survey includes sections that ask about your views and perceptions regarding campus climate, inappropriate sexual behaviors, and resources available at UH. TRIGGER WARNING: This survey also asks about your personal experience with inappropriate sexual behaviors, such as sexual harassment, sexual assault and other forms of gender-based violence. Some of the questions in this survey use explicit language, and some people may find it uncomfortable or upsetting, but it is important that we ask the questions in this way so that you are clear what we mean. If you need help, a link to confidential resources will be available on every page of the survey: http://www.hawaii.edu/titleix/confidential/ This survey should take most students less than 20 minutes to complete. It may take up to 30 minutes for some individuals. You can pause and resume the survey at any time. Your responses will be automatically saved. To return to the survey at a later date, you only need to click on the survey link provided in this email and any potential email reminders. Benefits and Risks: There will be no direct benefit to you for taking part in this project. The results will be used to guide policies to encourage a safe, respectful, and nondiscriminatory environment at UH. Participating in this study may be uncomfortable or upsetting, particularly for individuals who have had personal experiences with inappropriate sexual behaviors. Confidentiality and Privacy: Your confidentiality is of the utmost importance to us. OmniTrak does NOT collect your name or your IP address. Your email address is only used to distribute the survey, and electronic gratitude for early participants. The link between your responses and your email address will be broken so that no personal identity can be tracked. Please do not include any personal information in your survey responses. Survey results will be presented in an aggregated form so no individual can be identified. Any cohort with less than 15 individuals will NOT be analyzed or reported to minimize risks for small groups. However, if we learn about child abuse or you threaten to harm yourself or others, we are required to report it to the authorities. We have obtained a Certificate of Confidentiality (CoC) issued by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The CoC is issued to protect the investigators on this study from being forced to tell anyone about your participation in this study, even under a subpoena. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 133 Even when a CoC is in place, you and your family members must still continue to actively protect your own privacy. If you voluntarily give your written consent for an insurer, employer, or lawyer to receive information about your participation in the research, then we may not use the CoC to withhold this information. Voluntary Participation: This survey is completely VOLUNTARY. You do NOT have to participate in this survey, and if you do choose to participate, you may skip any question you are not comfortable answering and may exit the survey at any time. Compensation: Over the five weeks that the survey is available for participation, students will receive Amazon ecards via email from OmniTrak for early participation (UH will never have access to email addresses of survey participants): January 20-24: First 100 receive $10; Next 75 receive $5 January 27-31: First 50 receive $10; Next 50 receive $5 February 3-7: First 25 receive $10; Next 20 receive $5 February 10-14: First 25 receive $10; Next 20 receive $5 February 17-20: First 25 receive $10; Next 20 receive $5 Questions: If you have any questions about the purposes of this study, please call or email the Office of Institutional Equity at: (808) 956-8629, institutional.equity@hawaii.edu. If you have questions about the administration of the survey or would like to request a paper survey, please call the OmniTrak Hotline at (808) 538-6227. If you have questions about your rights and welfare as a research participant, you may contact the UH Human Studies Program at (808) 956-5007 or uhirb@hawaii.edu. To Access the Survey: By clicking the “Yes” button below, you agree to participate in this survey research voluntarily and will be connected to the survey. Please print a copy of this page for your reference. Thank you for your participation. Mahalo! o o Yes, I consent No, I do NOT consent [IF SKIP, SHOW WARNING MESSAGE ASKING FOR COMPLETION] UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 134 IV.C. Questionnaire UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 135 UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII STUDENT CAMPUS CLIMATE SURVEY ON SEXUAL HARASSMENT & GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE (FINAL) UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 136 SECTION A – BACKGROUND First, we’d like to ask you a few questions about your background. A1. How old are you? [DROP DOWN LIST] Under 18 18-29, by single year 30-34 35-39 40 or older [IF AGE =Under 18, DISPLAY AND EXIT SURVEY] “We are sorry but the survey can only be completed by students who are at least 18 years old. Thank you for your interest in our study. We appreciate your time.” [IF SKIP, SHOW WARNING MESSAGE ASKING FOR COMPLETION] A2. Which campus at UH are you enrolled in? If you are enrolled in more than one choose the campus that you consider your primary affiliation (ex. most credits, college of main advisor). UH Mānoa UH Hilo UH West O‘ahu UH Maui College Hawai‘i Community College Honolulu Community College Kapi‘olani Community College Kaua‘i Community College Leeward Community College Windward Community College A2a. [IF COMMUNITY COLLEGE, ASK A2a, THEN GO TO A6] What year are you in your study at the community college? 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th or higher UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 137 A2b. [IF UH MĀNOA, UH WEST O‘AHU, OR UH HILO, ASK] Which of the following best describes your current student affiliation with UH? Undergraduate [CONTINUE] Graduate [GO TO A4] Professional [GO TO A4] [IF BLANK THEN GO TO A5] A3. What is your class year in school? Freshman [GO TO A5] Sophomore [GO TO A5] Junior [GO TO A5] Senior [GO TO A5] [IF BLANK THEN GO TO A5] A4. [IF GRADUATE OR PROFESSIONAL IN A2B, ASK A4] What year are you in your program? Answer on the basis of the number of years enrolled in the graduate or professional academic program. 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year or higher UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 138 A5. [IF UH MĀNOA, UH WEST O‘AHU, OR UH HILO, ASK] In which college or school at [INSERT CAMPUS FROM A2] are you enrolled? If you are enrolled in more than one choose the school that you consider your primary affiliation (ex. most credits, college of main advisor). UH Mānoa: College of Arts & Humanities College of Arts & Sciences College of Business College of Education College of Engineering College of Languages, Linguistics & Literature College of Natural Sciences College of Social Sciences College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources School of Architecture School of Hawaiian Knowledge School of Law School of Medicine School of Nursing & Dental Hygiene School of Pacific & Asian Studies School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology School of Social Work School of Travel Industry Management Outreach College UH Hilo: College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Natural Resource Management College of Arts and Sciences College of Business and Economics College of Continuing Education and Community Service College of Hawaiian Language (Ka Haka ʻUla O Keʻelikōlani) College of Pharmacy UH West O‘ahu: Applied Science Business Administration Education Humanities Public Administration Social Sciences UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 139 A6. In what year did you first enroll as a student at UH? [DROP DOWN LIST, DESCENDING ORDER] Prior to 2005 2005 – 2017 by single year A7. Do you take any courses on-line? Yes, all my courses are on-line Yes, some of my course are on-line None of my courses are on-line A9. What is your ethnic background? (Mark all that apply) African American or Black American Indian or Alaskan Native Asian Indian Caucasian Chinese Filipino Guamanian or Chamorro Hispanic Japanese Korean Laotian Micronesian Native Hawaiian or Part-Hawn Samoan Thai Tongan Vietnamese Other: Please Specify____________ Decline to state A10. Are you a US citizen or permanent resident? Yes No [GOT TO A10a] A10a. Which country are you a citizen of? _______________________ UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 140 A11. 1 Which best describes your gender identity? Woman Man Transgender woman Transgender man Genderqueer or gender non-conforming Questioning Not listed Decline to state A122. Do you consider yourself to be: Heterosexual or straight Gay or lesbian Bisexual Asexual Questioning Not listed Decline to state A13. At any time while enrolled at UH, have you been in any partnered relationships? (Mark all that apply) Casual relationship or hook-up Steady or serious relationship Marriage, civil union, domestic partnership or living together with a romantic partner A14. What is your current marital status? Never married Not married but living with a partner Married Divorced or separated Other 1 Modified from The University of Oregon Sexual Violence and Institutional Behavior Campus Survey (2014). Retrieved from http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/campus/UO2014campussurveycontent.pdf 2 Badgett, M. V. "Best practices for asking questions about sexual orientation on surveys." The Williams Institute (2009) UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 141 A15. Do you have a disability registered with UH’s Disability Services or Office on Disabilities? Yes No A16. At any time while enrolled at UH, have you been a member of or participated in any of the following? (Mark all that apply) Academic clubs Athletics / Student Athletic Programs Community Services Cultural Clubs Fraternities or Sororities Honor Societies Intramural Sports Reserve Officer Training Corps Social Clubs Student Government Other A17. Which of the following best describes your current living situation? Residence hall or other campus housing Off Campus Residence (house, apartment, etc.) within 15-minute walk from UH Off Campus Residence (house, apartment, etc.) more than a 15-minute walk from UH UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 142 SECTION B – PERCEPTIONS OF RISK3 “Sexual assault” and “sexual harassment” refer to a range of behaviors that are nonconsensual or unwanted. These behaviors could include remarks about physical appearance or persistent sexual advances. They also could include threats of force to get someone to engage in sexual behavior such as nonconsensual or unwanted touching, sexual penetration, oral sex, anal sex or attempts to engage in these behaviors. These behaviors could be initiated by someone known or unknown, including someone you are in or have been in a relationship with. These next questions ask about your perceptions related to the risks of experiencing sexual assault or sexual harassment. B1. In your opinion how problematic is sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely B2. How likely do you think it is that you will experience sexual assault or sexual harassment while on campus? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely B3. How likely do you think it is that you will experience sexual assault or sexual harassment during off-campus university sponsored events? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely 3 Adapted from Fisher, B. S., & Sloan III, J. J. (2003). Unraveling the fear of victimization among college women: Is the “shadow of sexual assault hypothesis” supported?. Justice Quarterly, 20(3), 633-659. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 143 SECTION C -RESOURCES The next questions ask about the services and resources offered by the university for those affected by sexual assault and sexual harassment. C1. 4 Are you aware of the services provided by the following UH programs? (Mark all that apply) UH Mānoa -- Counseling & Student Development Center UH Mānoa -- Office of Gender Equity UH Mānoa -- Title IX Coordinator UH Mānoa -- University Health Services Mānoa UH Mānoa -- Women's Center UH Hilo -- Counseling Services UH Hilo -- Student Medical Services UH Hilo -- Title IX Coordinator UH Hilo -- Women's Center UH West O‘ahu -- Counseling Services UH West O‘ahu -- Title IX Coordinator UH Maui College -- Health Center UH Maui College -- Personal Support Counseling UH Maui College -- Title IX Coordinator Hawai‘i Community College -- Counseling Advising & Support Services Center Hawai‘i Community College -- Health Services Honolulu Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Honolulu Community College -- Wellness Center Kapi‘olani Community College -- Health Services Kapi‘olani Community College -- Mental Health Counselor Kapi‘olani Community College -- Student Affairs Counselor Kapi‘olani Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Kaua‘i Community College -- Mental Health Counseling Kaua‘i Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Kaua‘i Community College -- Wellness Center Leeward Community College -- Mental Health Counseling Leeward Community College -- Student Health Center Leeward Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Windward Community College -- Mental Health Counseling Windward Community College -- Title IX Coordinator None of the above 4 Modified from #iSPEAK: Rutger Campus Climate Survey. New Brunswick, NJ: Center on Violence Against Women and Children, School of Social Work, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. Received from http://socialwork.rutgers.edu/Libraries/VAWC/new_doc_to_upload_for_ispeak.sflb.ashx UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 144 How knowledgeable are you about each of the following: C2a. How knowledgeable are you about how sexual assault and sexual harassment are defined at UH? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely C2b. 5 How knowledgeable are you about where to get help at UH if you or someone else experienced sexual assault or sexual harassment? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely C2c6. How knowledgeable are you about where to make a report of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely C2d. How knowledgeable are you about what happens when a student reports an incident of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely 5 Modified from Rankin & Associates Consulting. (2008). Carleton College Climate Assessment Project: Carleton Final Report. Retrieved from: https://apps.carleton.edu/governance/diversity/campus_climate_survey/results/ 6 Ibid UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 145 C2e. How knowledgeable are you about student’s rights when a student reports an incident of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 146 SECTION D – SEXUAL HARASSMENT 78 These next questions ask about any sexual harassment you may have experienced. D1. At any time while enrolled at UH, has a student, or someone employed by or otherwise associated with UH made sexual remarks or told jokes or stories to you that were insulting or offensive? Yes Never experienced D2. At any time while enrolled at UH, has a student, or someone employed by or otherwise associated with UH made inappropriate or offensive comments about your or someone else’s body, appearance or sexual activities? Yes Never experienced D3. At any time while enrolled at UH, has a student, or someone employed by or otherwise associated with UH said crude or gross sexual things to you or tried to get you to talk about sexual matters when you didn’t want to? Yes Never experienced D4. At any time while enrolled at UH, has a student, or someone employed by or otherwise associated with UH emailed, texted, tweeted, phoned, instant messaged, or posted on social media offensive sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures or videos to you that you didn’t want? Yes Never experienced 7 Modified from Leskinen, E.A., & Cortina, L.M. (2014) Dimensions of disrespect: Mapping and measuring gender harassment in organizations. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 38(1), 107-123. 8 Modified from The University of Oregon Sexual Violence and Institutional Behavior Campus Survey (2014). Retrieved from http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/campus/UO2014campussurveycontent.pdf UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 147 D5. At any time while enrolled at UH, has a student, or someone employed by or otherwise associated with UH continued to ask you to go out, get dinner, have drinks, socialize in other ways, or have sex even though you said no? Yes Never experienced [IF YES TO ANY QUESTION D1 –D5, CONTINUE, ELSE GO TO E1] You said that the following happened to you since you’ve been a student at UH: [IF D1 = YES] Someone made sexual remarks or jokes that were insulting or offensive to you [IF D2 = YES] Someone made inappropriate offensive comments about your or someone else’s body, appearance or sexual activities [IF D3 = YES] Someone said crude or gross sexual things to you or made unwelcomed attempts to get you to talk about sexual matters [IF D4=YES] Someone emailed, texted, tweeted, phoned, or instant messaged offensive sexual remarks, jokes, stories, pictures or videos to you [IF D5 = YES] Someone continued to ask you to go out, get dinner, have drinks or have sex even though you said no [IF ANY YES TO D1 TO D5, ASK] D6. Did any of the incidents affect you in any of the following ways: Interfered with your academic or professional performance, Interfered with your participation in an academic program, Interfered with your interaction with professors, other students or others for academic purposes, Interfered with your attendance on campus, or Created an intimidating, hostile or offensive social, academic or work environment Yes No D7. How many different people behaved this way towards you at any time while enrolled at UH? 1 person 2 persons 3 or more persons UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 148 D8. How (was the person/were the persons) who behaved (this way/these ways) associated with UH? (Mark all that apply) Student Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program (ex. internship, study abroad) The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH D9. At the time of (this event/these events), what (was the person’s/ were these persons’) relationship to you? (Mark all that apply) It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other Don’t know D10. Since the beginning of the fall 2016 term, how many times has someone behaved this way? 0 times 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 149 D11. At any time while enrolled at UH, have you contacted any of the following about any of the experiences? (Mark all that apply) UH Mānoa -- Counseling & Student Development Center UH Mānoa -- Office of Gender Equity UH Mānoa -- Title IX Coordinator UH Mānoa -- University Health Services Mānoa UH Mānoa -- Women's Center UH Hilo -- Counseling Services UH Hilo -- Student Medical Services UH Hilo -- Title IX Coordinator UH Hilo -- Women's Center UH West O‘ahu -- Counseling Services UH West O‘ahu -- Title IX Coordinator UH Maui College -- Health Center UH Maui College -- Personal Support Counseling UH Maui College -- Title IX Coordinator Hawai‘i Community College -- Counseling Advising & Support Services Center Hawai‘i Community College -- Health Services Honolulu Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Honolulu Community College -- Wellness Center Kapi‘olani Community College -- Health Services Kapi‘olani Community College -- Mental Health Counselor Kapi‘olani Community College -- Student Affairs Counselor Kapi‘olani Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Kaua‘i Community College -- Mental Health Counseling Kaua‘i Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Kaua‘i Community College -- Wellness Center Leeward Community College -- Mental Health Counseling Leeward Community College -- Student Health Center Leeward Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Windward Community College -- Mental Health Counseling Windward Community College -- Title IX Coordinator None of the above [GO TO D14] [IF NO PROGRAM MARKED GO TO D14] UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 150 [IF D11= NONE OF THE ABOVE OR NO PROGRAM MARKED, GO TO D14 ELSE ASK D12 AND D13 FOR EACH PROGRAM MARKED IN D11] D12. [FOR EACH PROGRAM MARKED] When did you most recently contact [Program] about (this experience/these experiences)? Fall of 2016 – present Fall of 2015 – Summer of 2016 Fall of 2014 – Summer of 2015 Prior to Fall of 2014 D13. [FOR EACH PROGRAM MARKED]. Thinking about the most recent time you contacted them, how useful was [Program] in helping you deal with (this experience/these experiences)? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely D14. [IF NO PROGRAMS CONTACTED] Were any of the following reasons why you did not contact anyone at UH? (Mark all that apply) Did not know where to go or who to tell Felt embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult I did not think anyone would believe me I did not think it was serious enough to report I did not want the person to get into trouble I feared negative social consequences I did not think anything would be done I feared it would not be kept confidential Incident was not on campus or associated with the school Incident did not occur while attending school I had a past negative experience with campus program Other D15. Did you tell any of the following persons about this? (Mark all that apply) Friend Family member Faculty or instructor Someone else I didn’t tell anyone (else) UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 151 SECTION E – STALKING 91011 The next questions ask about instances where someone behaved in a way that made you afraid for your personal safety or caused you emotional distress. E1. At any time while enrolled at UH, has anyone repeatedly (more than once) made unwanted phone calls, spread rumors about you, or sent emails, voice, text or instant messages, or posted messages, pictures or videos on social networking sites in a way that made you afraid for your personal safety or caused you emotional distress? Yes No E2. At any time while enrolled at UH, has anyone repeatedly (more than once) showed up somewhere or waited for you when you did not want that person to be there in a way that made you afraid for your personal safety or caused you emotional distress? Yes No E3. At any time while enrolled at UH, has anyone repeatedly (more than once) spied on, watched or followed you, either in person or using devices or software in a way that made you afraid for your personal safety or caused you emotional distress? Yes No [IF ANY YES TO E1 TO E3, ASK E4-E12] E4. How many different people behaved this way to you any time you are enrolled at UH? 1 person 2 persons 3 or more persons 9 Modified from Black, M.C., Basile, K.C., Breiding, M.J., Smith, S.G., Walters, M.L., Merrick, M.T., Chen, J., & Stevens, M.R. (2011). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 summary report. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 10 Modified from Catalano, S. (2012). Stalking victims in the Unites States--revised. (NCJ 224527). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. 11 Modified from Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (1998). Staking in America: Findings form the National Violence Against Women Survey. (NCJ 172837). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 152 E5. How (is the person/are the persons) who did these things to you associated with UH? (Mark all that apply) Student Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program (ex. internship, study abroad) The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH E6. At the time of these events, what (was the person's/were the persons') relationship to you? (Mark all that apply) It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other Don’t know E7. Since the beginning of the fall 2016 term, how many times have you had any of these experiences? 0 times 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 153 E8. At any time while enrolled at UH, have you contacted any of the following about any of the experiences? (Mark all that apply) UH Mānoa -- Counseling & Student Development Center UH Mānoa -- Office of Gender Equity UH Mānoa -- Title IX Coordinator UH Mānoa -- University Health Services Mānoa UH Mānoa -- Women's Center UH Hilo -- Counseling Services UH Hilo -- Student Medical Services UH Hilo -- Title IX Coordinator UH Hilo -- Women's Center UH West O‘ahu -- Counseling Services UH West O‘ahu -- Title IX Coordinator UH Maui College -- Health Center UH Maui College -- Personal Support Counseling UH Maui College -- Title IX Coordinator Hawai‘i Community College -- Counseling Advising & Support Services Center Hawai‘i Community College -- Health Services Honolulu Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Honolulu Community College -- Wellness Center Kapi‘olani Community College -- Health Services Kapi‘olani Community College -- Mental Health Counselor Kapi‘olani Community College -- Student Affairs Counselor Kapi‘olani Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Kaua‘i Community College -- Mental Health Counseling Kaua‘i Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Kaua‘i Community College -- Wellness Center Leeward Community College -- Mental Health Counseling Leeward Community College -- Student Health Center Leeward Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Windward Community College -- Mental Health Counseling Windward Community College -- Title IX Coordinator None of the above [GO TO E11] [IF NO PROGRAM MARKED GO TO E11] UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 154 [IF E8= NONE OF THE ABOVE OR NO PROGRAM MARKED, GO TO E11. ELSE ASK E9 AND E10 FOR EACH PROGRAM MARKED IN E8] E9. [FOR EACH PROGRAM] When did you most recently contact [Program] about these experiences? Fall of 2016 – present Fall of 2015 – Summer of 2016 Fall of 2014 – Summer of 2015 Prior to Fall of 2014 E10. [FOR EACH PROGRAM] Thinking about the most recent time you contacted them, how useful was [Program] in helping you deal with these experiences? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely E11. [IF E8= NONE OF THE ABOVE OR NO PROGRAM MARKED, ASK] Were any of the following reasons why you did not contact anyone at UH? (Mark all that apply) Did not know where to go or who to tell Felt embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult I did not think anyone would believe me I did not think it was serious enough to report I did not want the person to get into trouble I feared negative social consequences I did not think anything would be done I feared it would not be kept confidential Incident was not on campus or associated with the school Incident did not occur while attending school I had a past negative experience with the campus program Other E12. Did you tell any of the following persons about this? (Mark all that apply) Friend Family member Faculty or instructor Someone else I didn’t tell anyone (else) UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 155 SECTION F – INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE/DOMESTIC VIOLENCE [IF ANY OF A13 CHECKED (PRIOR RELATIONSHIP) GO TO F1 ELSE SKIP TO G1] Earlier in the survey you indicated that you have been in a partnered relationship at least part of the time while you are enrolled at UH. The next section asks you questions about your relationship with your partner(s). Partnered relationships include:  casual relationship or hook-up  steady or serious relationship  marriage, civil union, domestic partnership or living together with a romantic partner F1. At any time while enrolled at UH, has a partner controlled or tried to control what you do? Examples include  Kept you from going to classes or pursuing your educational goals  Made decisions for you such as what you wear or eat or where you go  Prevented you from taking or forced you to take birth control  Forced you to get an abortion or controlled your body in other ways  Controlled your finances, spent your money, or accessed your bank accounts, credit cards, etc. without your permission  Controlled if, when or where you work Yes No F2. At any time while enrolled at UH, has a partner threatened to physically harm you, someone or something you love or themselves? Examples include  Threatened you, family, friends, or other loved ones  Drove recklessly so that you feel at risk of injury or death  Threatened to harm/kill themselves  Threatened to harm or take your children or your pets  Damaged your personal property Yes No F3. At any time while enrolled at UH, has a partner used any kind of physical force against you? Examples include  Choked, slapped, punched, pushed, bit, kicked or physically harmed you  Hit you with something other than a fist (e.g., lamp, chair)  Used a weapon against you, or otherwise physically hurt or injured you  Prevented you from leaving a room or location Yes No UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 156 F4. At any time while enrolled at UH, has a partner isolated you from or tried to control your relationships or social activities? Examples include  Controlled or accessed without your permission your means of communications such as phone calls, text messages, social media, email, or other means of communications with others  Did not allow you to see, talk or visit friends, family or spiritual advisers  Told you where you can or cannot go  Prevented you from doing things you love Yes No F5. At any time while enrolled at UH, has a partner controlled how others see you or how you see yourself in a manipulating, negative, or harmful way? Examples include  Spread rumors or damaging or hurtful information about you whether orally, through telecommunications or on social media  Threatened to expose sexual or other confidential information about you without your agreement  Insulted or verbally abused you  Shamed you in public  Accused you of cheating  Played mind games, accused you of being crazy or imagining things by manipulating the facts or the environment (such as gas lighting) Yes No [IF ANY YES FOR F1 TO F5, GO TO F6. ELSE GO TO G1] F6. Were you physically injured as a result of any of the incidents? Yes No [GO TO F8] [IF BLANK THEN GO TO F8] F7. Did you ever seek medical attention as a result of any of the above incidents? Yes No F8. Since the beginning of the fall 2016 term, how many times have you had any of these experiences? 0 times 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 157 F9. At any time while enrolled at UH, have you contacted any of the following about any of the experiences? (Mark all that apply) UH Mānoa -- Counseling & Student Development Center UH Mānoa -- Office of Gender Equity UH Mānoa -- Title IX Coordinator UH Mānoa -- University Health Services Mānoa UH Mānoa -- Women's Center UH Hilo -- Counseling Services UH Hilo -- Student Medical Services UH Hilo -- Title IX Coordinator UH Hilo -- Women's Center UH West O‘ahu -- Counseling Services UH West O‘ahu -- Title IX Coordinator UH Maui College -- Health Center UH Maui College -- Personal Support Counseling UH Maui College -- Title IX Coordinator Hawai‘i Community College -- Counseling Advising & Support Services Center Hawai‘i Community College -- Health Services Honolulu Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Honolulu Community College -- Wellness Center Kapi‘olani Community College -- Health Services Kapi‘olani Community College -- Mental Health Counselor Kapi‘olani Community College -- Student Affairs Counselor Kapi‘olani Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Kaua‘i Community College -- Mental Health Counseling Kaua‘i Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Kaua‘i Community College -- Wellness Center Leeward Community College -- Mental Health Counseling Leeward Community College -- Student Health Center Leeward Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Windward Community College -- Mental Health Counseling Windward Community College -- Title IX Coordinator None of the above [GO TO F12] [IF NO PROGRAM MARKED GO TO F12] UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 158 [IF F9= NONE OF THE ABOVE OR NO PROGRAM MARKED, GO TO F12. ELSE ASK F10 AND F11 FOR EACH PROGRAM MARKED IN F9] F10. [FOR EACH PROGRAM] When did you most recently contact [Program] about (this experience/these experiences)? Fall of 2016 – present Fall of 2015 – Summer of 2016 Fall of 2014 – Summer of 2015 Prior to Fall of 2014 F11. [FOR EACH PROGRAM] Thinking about the most recent time you contacted them, how useful was [Program] in helping you deal with (this experience/these experiences)? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely F12. [ASK ONLY IF F9= NONE OF THE ABOVE OR NO PROGRAM MARKED] Were any of the following reasons why you did not contact anyone at UH? (Mark all that apply) Did not know where to go or who to tell Felt embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult I did not think anyone would believe me I did not think it was serious enough to report I did not want the person to get into trouble I feared negative social consequences I did not think anything would be done I feared it would not be kept confidential Incident was not on campus or associated with the school Incident did not occur while attending school I had a negative experience with the campus program Other F13. Did you tell any of the following persons about this? (Mark all that apply) Friend Family member Faculty or instructor Someone else I didn’t tell anyone (else) UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 159 SECTION G – NONCONSENSUAL SEXUAL CONTACT SCREENER 1213 This next section asks about nonconsensual or unwanted sexual contact you may have experienced while attending UH. The person with whom you had the nonconsensual or unwanted contact could have been someone you know, such as someone you are currently or were in a relationship with (including a spouse), a co-worker, a professor or a teaching assistant, a family member, friend, religious/spiritual leader. Or it could be someone you do not know. Any gender can have these types of experiences. You will be asked about two types of nonconsensual sexual contact: Sexual Penetration and Nonpenetrative sexual contact. Examples of sexual penetration include:  Sexual penetration: When one person puts a penis, fingers, or object inside someone else’s vagina or anus  Oral sex: When someone’s mouth or tongue makes contact with someone else’s vagina, penis, or anus Examples of non-penetrative sexual contact include:  Kissing you  Touching your breast, chest, crotch, genitals, groin or buttocks  Grabbing, groping or rubbing against you in a sexual way, even if the touching is over your clothes The next question/few questions ask about incidents of nonconsensual sexual penetration you may have experienced while enrolled at UH. Please do not include any incidents that involve ONLY nonconsensual non-penetrative sexual contact. we will ask non-penetrative sexual contact after this/these first question/questions. G1. At any time while enrolled at UH, has any of the following types of sexual penetration happened to you without your consent (including unsuccessful attempts)?  Sexual penetration: When one person puts a penis, finger, or object inside someone else’s vagina or anus  Oral sex: When someone’s mouth or tongue makes contact with someone else’s vagina, penis, or anus Yes [GO TO G1-A] No [Go to G2] 12 Modified from Krebs, C.P., Lindquist, C.H., Warner, T.D., Fisher, B.S., & Martin, S.L. (2007). The Campus Sexual Assault (CSA) Study Final Report. Retrieved from: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/221153.pdf 13 Modified from Koss, M. P., Abbey, A., Campbell, R., Cook, S., Norris, J., Testa, M., & White, J. (2007). Revising the SES: A collaborative process to improve assessment of sexual aggression and victimization. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31(4), 357-370. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 160 G1-A. At any time while enrolled at UH, how many different incidents of nonconsensual sexual penetration have you experienced? 1 incident [ASK G1-B & G1-C ONLY] 2 incidents [ASK G1-B to G1-E] 3 or more incidents [ASK G1-B to G1-E] [IF G1-A IS BLANK, ASK G1-B & G1-C ONLY] You said that the following occurred: (1/2/3 or more, insert from G1-A) incident(s) happened to you. You will be asked about up to 2 most recent incidents. G1-B. When did this / the most recent incident (of this type) occur? Fall 2016 to Present Fall 2015 to Summer 2016 Fall 2014 to Summer 2015 Fall 2013 to Summer 2014 Prior to Fall of 2013 It occurred before I was a student at UH G1-C. Did you experience any of the following circumstances during this / the most recent incident? [CHECK ALL THAT APPLY] Someone used physical force or threats of physical force [AAU G3] Someone attempted to use physical force or threats of physical force but did not succeed [NEW] You were unable to consent or stop what was happening because you were passed out, asleep or incapacitated due to drugs or alcohol [AAU G5] Someone threatened serious but non-physical harm or promised rewards [AAU G7] It happened without your active, ongoing voluntary agreement [AAU G9] [IF MORE THAN 1 INCIDENT IN G1-A, ASK G1-D & G1-E] G1-D. When did the second most recent incident (of this type) occur? Fall 2016 to Present Fall 2015 to Summer 2016 Fall 2014 to Summer 2015 Fall 2013 to Summer 2014 Prior to Fall of 2013 It occurred before I was a student at UH G1-E. Did you experience any of the following circumstances during the second most recent incident? [CHECK ALL THAT APPLY] Someone used physical force or threats of physical force [AAU G1] Someone attempted to use physical force or threats of physical force but did not succeed [AAU G2] You were unable to consent or stop what was happening because you were passed out, asleep or incapacitated due to drugs or alcohol [AAU G4] Someone threatened serious but non-physical harm or promised rewards [AAU G6] It happened without your active, ongoing voluntary agreement [AAU G8] UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 161 The next question/few questions ask about incidents that involve ONLY nonconsensual non-penetrative sexual contact. G2. At any time while enrolled at UH, have you ever experienced non-penetrative sexual contact (including unsuccessful attempts) without your consent? Please do NOT include any incidents that also involve nonconsensual sexual penetration. Examples of non-penetrative sexual contact include:  Kissing you  Touching your breast, chest, crotch, genitals, groin or buttocks  Grabbing, groping or rubbing against you in a sexual way, even if the touching is over your clothes Yes [GO TO G2-A] No [GO TO NEXT SECTION] G2-A. At any time while enrolled at UH, how many different incidents of nonconsensual nonpenetrative sexual contact have you experienced? 1 incident [ASK G2-B & G2-C ONLY] 2 incidents [ASK G2-B to G2-E] 3 or more incidents [ASK G2-B to G2-E] [IF G2-A IS BLANK, ASK G2-B & G2-C ONLY] You said that the following occurred: (1/2/3 or more, insert from G2-A) incident(s) happened to you. You will be asked about up to 2 most recent incidents. G2-B. When did this / the most recent incident (of this type) occur? Fall 2016 to Present Fall 2015 to Summer 2016 Fall 2014 to Summer 2015 Fall 2013 to Summer 2014 Prior to Fall of 2013 It occurred before I was a student at UH G2-C. Did you experience any of the following circumstances during this / the most recent incident? [CHECK ALL THAT APPLY] Someone used physical force or threats of physical force [AAU G3] Someone attempted to use physical force or threats of physical force but did not succeed [NEW] You were unable to consent or stop what was happening because you were passed out, asleep or incapacitated due to drugs or alcohol [AAU G5] Someone threatened serious but non-physical harm or promising rewards [AAU G7] It happened without your active, ongoing voluntary agreement [AAU G9] UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 162 [IF MORE THAN 1 INCIDENT IN G2-A, ASK G2-D & G2-E] G2-D. When did the second most recent incident (of this type) occur? Fall 2016 to Present Fall 2015 to Summer 2016 Fall 2014 to Summer 2015 Fall 2013 to Summer 2014 Prior to Fall of 2013 It occurred before I was a student at UH G2-E. Did you experience any of the following circumstances during the second most recent incident? [CHECK ALL THAT APPLY] Someone used physical force or threats of physical force [AAU G3] Someone attempted to use physical force or threats of physical force but did not succeed [NEW] You were unable to consent or stop what was happening because you were passed out, asleep or incapacitated due to drugs or alcohol [AAU G5] Someone threatened serious but non-physical harm or promising rewards [AAU G7] It happened without your active, ongoing voluntary agreement [AAU G9] [GO TO ATTACHMENT - SECTION GA IF G1 = YES. GO TO ATTACHMENT- SECTION GC IF G2 = YES. ELSE GO TO SECTION H] UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 163 SECTION H – SEXUAL ASSAULT AND HARASSMENT PREVENTION TRAINING 14 [ASK SECTION H ONLY IF A6=2016 or 2017, ELSE SKIP TO I1.] H1. Think back to the orientation when you first came to UH. Did that orientation include a training or information session about sexual assault or sexual harassment? Yes No [GO TO I1] I didn’t attend orientation [GO TO I1] I don’t remember [GO TO I1] [IF BLANK THEN GO TO I1] H2. Overall, how useful was this session in knowing where to go for help if you or someone else experiences sexual harassment or gender based violence? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely 14 Modified from White House Task Force to Protect Students From Sexual Assault. (2014). Not Alone: The first report of the White House Task Force to Protect Students from sexual assault. Retrieved from https://www.notalone.gov/assets/ovw-climate-survey.pdf. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 164 SECTION I – PERCEPTIONS OF RESPONSES TO REPORTING1516 The following are statements about what might happen if you were to report a sexual assault or sexual harassment to an official at UH. Please use the scale provided to indicate how likely you think each scenario is. I1. If you were to tell an official at UH about a sexual assault or sexual harassment, how likely is it that campus officials would believe you? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t know I2. If you were to report a sexual assault or sexual harassment to an official at UH, how likely is it that campus officials would treat you sensitively and respectfully? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t know I3. If you were to report a sexual assault or sexual harassment to an official at UH, how likely is it that campus officials would protect your privacy? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t know 15 Modified from White House Task Force to Protect Students From Sexual Assault. (2014). Not Alone: The first report of the White House Task Force to Protect Students from sexual assault. Retrieved from https://www.notalone.gov/assets/ovw-climate-survey.pdf. 16 Modified from McMahon, S. (2014). #iSPEAK: Rutger Campus Climate Survey. New Brunswick, NJ: Center on Violence Against Women and Children, School of Social Work, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. Retrieved from http://socialwork.rutgers.edu/Libraries/VAWC/new_doc_to_upload_for_ispeak.sflb.ashx UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 165 I4. If you were to report a sexual assault or sexual harassment to an official at UH, how likely is it that campus officials would protect your safety? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t know I5. If you were to report a sexual assault or sexual harassment to an official at UH, how likely is it that campus officials would be competent to advise on a range of options that can be taken? Example of options include:  Confidential resources  Help Services  University and adjudication procedures  Disciplinary actions against offender(s)  Legal services Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t know I6. If you were to report a sexual assault or sexual harassment to an official at UH, how likely is it that campus officials would conduct a fair investigation? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t know I7. If you were to report a sexual assault or sexual harassment to an official at UH, how likely is it that campus officials would take action against the offender(s)? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t know UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 166 I8. If you were to report a sexual assault or sexual harassment to an official at UH, how likely is it that the alleged offender(s) and/or their associates would retaliate against you? Retaliation includes but not limited to student against student or faculty/teaching assistant against student. Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t know I9. Recent state law requires that faculty members report sexual assault or sexual harassment allegations to a Title IX Coordinator. If you were to disclose sexual assault or sexual harassment to anyone, how likely is it that you will consider reporting to UH faculty members? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t know UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 167 SECTION J – BYSTANDER BEHAVIOR1718 The next questions are about situations you may have seen or been in at any time while enrolled at UH. J1. At any time while enrolled at UH, have you suspected that a friend had been sexually assaulted? Yes [CONTINUE] No [GO TO J3] [IF BLANK GO TO J3] J2. Thinking about the last time this happened, what did you do? (Mark all that apply) Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Reported anonymously Encouraged friend to seek help Checked website of UH and other resources Sought help for friend from confidential recourses on campus Sought help for friend from confidential recourses off-campus Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way J3. At any time while enrolled at UH, have you seen someone you thought had too much alcohol heading off for what looked like a sexual encounter? Yes [CONTINUE] No [GO TO J5] [IF BLANK THEN GO TO J5] J4. Thinking about the last time this happened, what did you do? Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Directly intervened to stop it Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way 17 Modified from Banyard, V.L., Moynihan, M. M., Cares, A.C., & Warner, R. (2014). How do we know if it works?: Measuring outcomes in bystander-focused abuse prevention on campuses. Psychology of Violence, 4(1), 101-115. 18 McMahon, S. (2014). #iSPEAK: Rutger Campus Climate Survey. New Brunswick, NJ: Center on Violence Against Women and Children, School of Social Work, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. Retrieved from http://socialwork.rutgers.edu/Libraries/VAWC/new_doc_to_upload_for_ispeak.sflb.ashx UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 168 J5. At any time while enrolled at UH, have you seen or heard someone was acting in a sexually violent or harassing way towards someone else? Examples include     Showing or displaying sexual images to someone or a group of people without their prior consent Discussing sexual experiences or fantasies without regard for the comfort of others in earshot Touching someone’s breast, chest, crotch, genitals, groin or buttocks without prior consent Grabbing, groping or rubbing someone in a sexual way, even if the touching is over their clothes Yes [CONTINUE] No [GO TO K1] [IF BLANK GO TO K1] J6. Thinking about the last time this happened, what did you do? Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Directly intervened to stop it Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 169 SECTION K – DEBRIEFING ITEM The next question asks for your opinion about this survey. K1. How difficult were the questions to understand? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely K2. How distressing was it to answer questions about your personal experiences? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely NA K3. How valuable do you think this survey is for developing campus policies related to sexual assault and harassment? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 170 ATTACHMENT – SECTIONS GA: SUMMARY DETAILED INCIDENT FORMS1920 FOR QUESTION G1 [SECTION GA IS ADMINISTERED 1 TIME BASED ON INCIDENTS REPORTED IN G1. THE DIF WILL REFERENCE THE MOST RECENT INCIDENT REPORTED] You said that the following happened to you during the most recent incident of SEXUAL PENETRATION TIME: CIRCUMSTANCE: [PROGRAM NOTE: INSERT ANSWER FROM G1-B TO G1-C] The next questions ask about what happened during the MOST RECENT SEXUAL PENETRATION INCIDENT you have experienced while attending UH. GA1. How many people did this to you? 1 person [GO TO GA2a] 2 persons [SKIP TO GA2b] 3 or more persons [SKIP TO GA2b] [IF BLANK SKIP TO GA2b] GA2a. [IF 1 PERSON, ASK GA2A, THEN GO TO G3] Was the person that did this to you… Male Female Other gender identity Don’t know GA2b. [IF >1 PERSON, ASK GA2B] Were any of the people that did this to you… Male Female Other gender identity Yes Yes Yes No No No 19 Don’t Know Don’t Know Don’t Know Modified from Black, M.C., Basile, K.C., Breiding, M.J., Smith, S.G., Walters, M.L., Merrick, M.T., Chen, J., & Stevens, M.R. (2011).The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 summary report. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 20 Modified from the 2012-2013 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 171 GA3. How (is the person/ are the persons) who did this to you associated with UH? (Mark all that apply) Student Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program (ex. internship, study abroad) The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH GA4. At the time of this event, what (was the person’s /were these persons’) relationship(s) to you? (Mark all that apply) It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other Don’t know/Refused GA5. Just prior to the incident, (was/were) (the person/any of the persons) who did this to you drinking alcohol? Yes No Don’t know GA6. Just prior to the incident, (was/were) (the person/any of the persons) who did this to you using drugs? Yes No Don’t know GA7. Just prior to the incident, were you drinking alcohol? Keep in mind that you are in no way responsible for what occurred, even if you had been drinking. Yes No GA8. Just prior to the incident did you voluntarily take any drugs? Keep in mind that you are in no way responsible for what occurred, even if you had been on drugs. Yes No UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 172 GA9. Just prior to the incident, had you been given alcohol or another drug without your knowledge or consent? Yes, I am certain I suspect, but I am not certain No Don’t know [IF GA7=’YES’ or GA8=’YES’ or GA9= ‘YES’ or ‘I SUSPECT’, ASK GA10. ELSE GO TO GA11] GA10. Were you passed out for all or parts of this incident? Yes No Not sure GA11. Did this incident occur during an academic break or recess? Yes No GA12. Did this incident occur on campus or on university associated off-campus property? Yes [CONTINUE TO GA13a] No [SKIP TO GA13b] [IF BLANK THEN SKIP TO GA13b] GA13a. [IF GA12=Yes] Where did this incident occur? (Mark all that apply) University residence hall/dorm Facilities used by student organizations including fraternity or sorority houses Other space used by a single-sex student social organization Other residential housing Non-residential building UH vessel or other research facilities Bar on campus Other property (ex. outdoors) (Please specify:_____) [FOR ANY RESPONSE OR IF BLANK SKIP TO GA14] UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 173 GA13b. [IF GA12=No] Where did this incident occur? (Mark all that apply) Private residence Fraternity or Sorority house Other space used by a single-sex student social organization Restaurant, bar or club Other social venue Outdoor or recreational space Some other place (Please specify:_____) GA14. Did any of the following happen to you from this experience? (Mark all that apply) Physically injured [CONTINUE TO GA14a] Contracted a sexually transmitted disease [SKIP TO GA15] Became pregnant [SKIP TO GA15] None of the above [SKIP TO GA15] [IF BLANK THEN SKIP TO GA15] GA14a. What sort of injury or injuries did you sustain? (Mark all that apply) Bruises, black-eye, cuts, lacerations, scratches or swelling Chipped or knocked out teeth Broken bones Head trauma (e.g., concussion) Internal injury from the sexual contact (e.g., vaginal or anal tearing) Other injuries (Please specify:_____) GA15. Did you experience any of the following as a result of the incident? (Mark all that apply) Difficulty concentrating on studies, assignments or exams Missed deadlines for assignments/missed taking an exam Dropped classes due to poor performance Lower grades/lower GPA Thought about dropping out of school Changed living quarters/dorms/moved Fearfulness or being concerned about safety Loss of interest in daily activities, Felt helpless and hopeless Nightmares or trouble sleeping Felt numb or detached Felt like hurting myself Headaches or stomach aches Eating problems or disorders Increased drug or alcohol use None of the above UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 174 GA16. Have you ever contacted any of the following about this experience? (Mark all that apply) UH Mānoa -- Counseling & Student Development Center UH Mānoa -- Office of Gender Equity UH Mānoa -- Title IX Coordinator UH Mānoa -- University Health Services Mānoa UH Mānoa -- Women's Center UH Hilo -- Counseling Services UH Hilo -- Student Medical Services UH Hilo -- Title IX Coordinator UH Hilo -- Women's Center UH West O‘ahu -- Counseling Services UH West O‘ahu -- Title IX Coordinator UH Maui College -- Health Center UH Maui College -- Personal Support Counseling UH Maui College -- Title IX Coordinator Hawai‘i Community College -- Counseling Advising & Support Services Center Hawai‘i Community College -- Health Services Honolulu Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Honolulu Community College -- Wellness Center Kapi‘olani Community College -- Health Services Kapi‘olani Community College -- Mental Health Counselor Kapi‘olani Community College -- Student Affairs Counselor Kapi‘olani Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Kaua‘i Community College -- Mental Health Counseling Kaua‘i Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Kaua‘i Community College -- Wellness Center Leeward Community College -- Mental Health Counseling Leeward Community College -- Student Health Center Leeward Community College -- Title IX Coordinator Windward Community College -- Mental Health Counseling Windward Community College -- Title IX Coordinator None of the above [GO TO GA17] [IF NO PROGRAMS MARKED GO TO GA17] UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 175 [IF NO PROGRAM MARKED, GO TO GA17 ELSE ASK GA16a-GA16e FOR EACH PROGRAM] GA16a. When did you most recently contact [Program] about this experience? Fall 2016 – present Fall 2015 – Summer 2016 Fall 2014 – Summer 2015 Prior to Fall 2014 [IF BLANK THEN CONTINUE TO GA16b] GA16b. How useful was [Program] in helping you? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely GA16c. At any time did you feel pressure from [Program] to take the following actions? (Mark all that apply) To proceed with further reporting (e.g., file official report) To proceed with adjudication (e.g., start disciplinary process at UH) To initiate criminal justice process outside of UH I felt no pressure How would you rate [Program] on the following criteria? GA16d. Respecting you Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor GA16e. Helping you understand your options going forward Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 176 GA17. [IF NO PROGRAMS CONTACTED] Were any of the following reasons why you did not contact anyone at UH? (Mark all that apply) Did not know where to go or who to tell Felt embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult I did not think anyone would believe me I did not think it was serious enough to report I did not want the person to get into trouble I feared negative social consequences I did not think anything would be done I feared it would not be kept confidential I heard the programs or services were not helpful Incident was not on campus or associated with the school Incident did not occur while attending school Other GA18. Which of the following persons, if any, did you tell about this? (Mark all that apply) Friend Family member Faculty or instructor Someone else I didn’t tell anyone (else) UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 177 Section GC – Detailed Incident Form (DIF) for QUESTION G2 [ASK 1 TIME BASED ON INCIDENTS REPORTED IN QUESTION G2] [The DIF will reference the MOST RECENT nonconsensual non-penetrative sexual contact incident reported.] You said that the following happened to you during the most recent incident of NONCONSENSUAL NON-PENETRATIVE SEXUAL CONTACT: TIME: CIRCUMSTANCE: [PROGRAM NOTE: INSERT ANSWER FROM G2-B TO G2-C] The next questions ask about what happened during THE MOST RECENT INCIDENT of NONCONSENSUAL NON-PENETRATIVE SEXUAL CONTACT you have experienced while attending UH. GC1. How many people did this to you? 1 person [GO TO GC2a] 2 persons [GO TO GC2b] 3 or more persons [GO TO GC2b] [IF BLANK THEN GO TO GC2b] GC2a. IF 1 PERSON] Was the person that did this to you… Male Female Other gender identity Don’t know [FOR ANY RESPONSE OR IF BLANK THEN SKIP TO GC2c] GC2b. [If >1 PERSON] Were any of the people that did this to you… Male Female Other gender identity Yes Yes Yes UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence No No No 178 Don’t Know Don’t Know Don’t Know GC3. How (is the person/ are the persons) who did this to you associated with UH? (Mark all that apply) Student Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program (ex. internship, study abroad) The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH GC4. At the time of this incident, what (was the person’s/were these persons’) relationship(s) to you? (Mark all that apply) It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I used to be involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss, or supervisor Friend, acquaintance or classmate Stranger Other Don’t know/Refused UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 179 APPENDIX V: RELIABILITY ANALYSIS UTILIZING CRONBACH'S ALPHA Multi-Item Statements Using Likert Scale for Cronbach's Alpha Analyses: 1) Perception of Campus Climate B1. In your opinion how problematic is sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? B2. How likely do you think it is that you will experience sexual assault or sexual harassment while on campus? B3. How likely do you think it is that you will experience sexual assault or sexual harassment during off-campus university sponsored events? 2) Knowledge of UH Policies and Procedures of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment C2a. How knowledgeable are you about how sexual assault and sexual harassment are defined at UH? C2b. How knowledgeable are you about where to get help at UH if you or someone else experienced sexual assault or sexual harassment? C2c. How knowledgeable are you about where to make a report of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? C2d. How knowledgeable are you about what happens when a student reports an incident of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? C2e. How knowledgeable are you about student’s rights when a student reports an incident of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? 3) Perception of Reporting on Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment I1. If you were to tell an official at UH about a sexual assault or sexual harassment, how likely is it that campus officials would believe you? I2. If you were to report a sexual assault or sexual harassment to an official at UH, how likely is it that campus officials would treat you sensitively and respectfully? I3. If you were to report a sexual assault or sexual harassment to an official at UH, how likely is it that campus officials would protect your privacy? I4. If you were to report a sexual assault or sexual harassment to an official at UH, how likely is it that campus officials would protect your safety? I5. If you were to report a sexual assault or sexual harassment to an official at UH, how likely is it that campus officials would be competent to advise on a range of options that can be taken? Example of options include: I6. If you were to report a sexual assault or sexual harassment to an official at UH, how likely is it that campus officials would conduct a fair investigation? I7. If you were to report a sexual assault or sexual harassment to an official at UH, how likely is it that campus officials would take action against the offender(s)? UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 180 I8. I9. If you were to report a sexual assault or sexual harassment to an official at UH, how likely is it that the alleged offender(s) and/or their associates would retaliate against you? Recent state law requires that faculty members report sexual assault or sexual harassment allegations to a Title IX Coordinator. If you were to disclose sexual assault or sexual harassment to anyone, how likely is it that you will consider reporting to UH faculty members? Likert Response Scale Used for All Three Series of Questions: Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t know (Only for Section I) Table V1: Reliability Analysis from SPSS Output on Campus Climate Perception Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items .757 Cronbach's Alpha .738 Summary Item Statistics: Item Means Item Variances Inter-Item Covariances Mean 1.916 Minimum Maximum 1.597 2.317 Range .720 N of Items 3 Maximum / Minimum Variance 1.451 .135 N of Items 3 1.004 .728 1.317 .589 1.809 .088 3 .487 .444 .561 .117 1.264 .003 3 Item-Total Statistics: B1 Scale Mean if Item Deleted 3.43 Scale Variance if Item Deleted 2.817 Corrected Item-Total Correlation .466 Squared Multiple Correlation .228 Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted .797 B2 4.15 3.171 .668 .496 .560 B3 3.91 2.952 .595 .457 .615 UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 181 Table V2: Reliability Analysis from SPSS Output on Knowledge of UH Policies and Procedures of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items .907 Cronbach's Alpha .908 Summary Item Statistics: Mean 2.577 Item Means Item 1.534 Variances Inter-Item 1.018 Covariances Item-Total Statistics: Minimum Maximum 2.257 2.840 Range .583 N of Items 5 Maximum / Minimum Variance 1.258 .062 N of Items 5 1.413 1.680 .267 1.189 .010 5 .769 1.310 .541 1.703 .035 5 C2a Scale Mean if Item Deleted 10.04 Scale Variance if Item Deleted 20.075 Corrected Item-Total Correlation .613 Squared Multiple Correlation .385 Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted .918 C2b 10.11 18.004 .798 .692 .881 C2c 10.25 17.484 .817 .721 .877 C2d 10.63 18.164 .807 .726 .879 C2e 10.50 18.006 .808 .724 .879 UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 182 Table V3: Reliability Analysis from SPSS Output on Perception of Reporting on Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha Cronbach's Alpha Based on Standardized Items .929 .928 N of Items 9 Summary Item Statistics: Mean 3.511 Item Means Item 1.244 Variances Inter-Item .732 Covariances Item-Total Statistics: Minimum Maximum 3.078 3.704 Range .626 Maximum / Minimum Variance 1.203 .043 N of Items 9 1.171 1.390 .219 1.187 .007 9 .241 1.047 .807 4.351 .064 9 Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected ItemTotal Correlation Squared Multiple Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted I1 27.95 50.631 .781 .680 .917 I2 27.92 49.755 .851 .786 .913 I3 27.90 50.228 .809 .728 .915 I4 27.94 49.561 .838 .770 .913 I5 28.02 50.113 .825 .700 .914 I6 28.10 49.634 .844 .771 .913 I7 28.20 49.389 .811 .723 .915 I8 28.52 58.049 .261 .093 .948 I9 28.26 51.253 .668 .454 .924 UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 183 APPENDIX VI: DATA TABLES FOR REPORT UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 184 Table A-1a. Percent of Students Experienced Harassment by type, Gender, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Harassment1 Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students Reporting Harassment University-associated individual: made sexual remarks, or insulting/offensive jokes or stories made inappropriate comments regarding body, appearance, or sexual activity said crude or gross sexual things or tried to engage in sexual conversation transmitted offensive sexual remarks, stories, jokes, pictures, videos asked to go out, get dinner, drinks, or have sex, despite refusal Percent of Harassed Students Number of Harassed Students Number of offenders 1 person 2 persons 3 or more persons Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times Association with UH2 Student Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program (ex. internship, study abroad) The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH Relationship to harassed students It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other Don’t know Female All UH Community University Grad/Prof Campuses College Undergraduate 6311 1878 1349 402 9.3% 8.5% 13.2%* 21.4%* 7.2% 6.3% 9.9% 18.7% 7.2% 6.0% 10.2% 17.7% 4.8% 3.7% 6.9% 11.7% 3.4% 2.4% 4.9% 8.0% 3.9% 3.9% 6.7% 8.2% 585 160 179 86 40.4% 33.2% 26.4% 46.0% 34.7% 19.3% 39.0% 32.1% 28.9% 33.8% 35.1% 31.1% 35.7% 17.9% 16.2% 21.1% 3.5% 5.6% 34.4% 14.8% 13.9% 24.6% 5.6% 6.6% 32.9% 18.6% 22.5%* 19.0% 2.7% 4.3% 51.1%* 16.7% 13.1% 14.2% 3.0% 1.9% 81.2% 22.2% 82.4%* 16.8% 87.6%* 14.5% 68.7% 35.1%* 6.4% 1.7% 7.3%* 8.3%* 1.0% 2.1% 7.4% 0.5% 5.9% 0.4% 0.9% 6.7% 3.6% 9.6% 4.4% 2.7% 3.1% 9.7%* 9.5% 10.8% 7.9% 11.6% 12.6%* 8.6% 6.5% 9.9% 7.3% 4.4% 10.8%* 5.4% 4.2% 0.6% 7.1%* 4.1%* 19.1% 10.2% 63.7% 34.9% 7.5% 4.1% 15.8% 3.3% 65.1% 32.3% 4.9% 5.5%* 12.7% 6.2% 67.5%* 46.8%* 4.8% 1.5% 25.9%* 22.2%* 54.5% 27.9% 9.8% 1.1% 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported any time while enrolled at UH. 2 Mark all that apply survey item and percents can add up to more than 100%. 3 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 185 Table A-1b. Percent of Students Experienced Harassment by type, Gender, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Harassment1 Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students Reporting Harassment University-associated individual: made sexual remarks, or insulting/offensive jokes or stories made inappropriate comments regarding body, appearance, or sexual activity said crude or gross sexual things or tried to engage in sexual conversation transmitted offensive sexual remarks, stories, jokes, pictures, videos asked to go out, get dinner, drinks, or have sex, despite refusal Percent of Harassed Students Number of Harassed Students Number of offenders 1 person 2 persons 3 or more persons Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times Association with UH2 Student Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program (ex. internship, study abroad) The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH Relationship to harassed students 2 It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other Don’t know Male All UH Community University Grad/Prof Campuses College Undergraduate 6311 1330 912 251 9.3% 4.0% 5.2% 8.4% 7.2% 3.2% 3.4% 7.6% 7.2% 2.8% 4.5% 7.6% 4.8% 1.8% 2.9% 6.4% 3.4% 1.4% 2.7% 4.0% 3.9% 1.0% 1.5% 2.8% 585 53 47 21 40.4% 33.2% 26.4% 49.6% 16.1% 34.3% 34.1% 43.3% 22.6% 44.4% 36.5% 19.1% 35.7% 17.9% 16.2% 21.1% 3.5% 5.6% 31.3% 27.8% 12.2% 21.4% -7.3% 33.3% 25.2% 19.3% 17.5% 3.5% 1.2% 47.3% 11.9% 10.5% 13.8% 4.5% 12.1% 81.2% 22.2% 74.5% 28.7% 92.3%* 21.9% 62.9% 38.6% 6.4% 9.7% 8.6% 11.0% 1.0% 2.1% 7.4% 6.7% 6.8% 3.0% 2.5% 8.5% 12.3% 30.0%* 4.4% 3.7% 2.5% 12.8% 9.5% 10.8% 8.5% 20.0% 7.8% 14.2% --- 7.3% 6.0% 9.5% 9.2% 4.2% 3.1% 5.6% 19.1% 10.2% 63.7% 34.9% 7.5% 4.1% 28.7% 7.3% 57.5% 34.2% 17.0% 10.0% 17.2% 15.1% 67.8% 12.9% 9.2% 9.8% 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported any time while enrolled at UH. 2 Mark all that apply survey item and percents can add up to more than 100% 3 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 186 35.1% 41.8%* 54.1% 14.7% --- Table A-1c. Percent of Students Experienced Harassment by type, Gender, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Harassment1 Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students Reporting Harassment University-associated individual: made sexual remarks, or insulting/offensive jokes or stories made inappropriate comments regarding body, appearance, or sexual activity said crude or gross sexual things or tried to engage in sexual conversation transmitted offensive sexual remarks, stories, jokes, pictures, videos asked to go out, get dinner, drinks, or have sex, despite refusal Percent of Harassed Students Number of Harassed Students Number of offenders 1 person 2 persons 3 or more persons Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times Association with UH2 Student Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program (ex. internship, study abroad) The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH Relationship to harassed student2 It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other Don’t know 1 2 3 4 5 TGQN3 University Grad/Prof Undergraduate 40 14 29.0% S4 All UH Campuses 6311 9.3% Community College 59 18.3% 7.2% 15.3% 25.0% S 7.2% 15.3% 27.5% S 4.8% 13.6% 20.0% S 3.4% 1.7% 15.0% S 3.9% 11.9% 12.5% S 585 11 12 5 40.4% 33.2% 26.4% S S S S S S S S S 35.7% 17.9% 16.2% 21.1% 3.5% 5.6% S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 81.2% 22.2% S S S S S S 6.4% S S S 1.0% 2.1% 7.4% S S S S S S S S S 4.4% S S S 9.5% 10.8% S S S S S S 7.3% S S S 4.2% S S S 19.1% 10.2% 63.7% 34.9% 7.5% 4.1% S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported any time while enrolled at UH. Mark all that apply survey item and percents can add up to more than 100%. TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. Data is suppressed due to small sample * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 187 Table A-1d. Percent of Students Experienced Harassment by type, Gender, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Harassment1 Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students Reporting Harassment University-associated individual: made sexual remarks, or insulting/offensive jokes or stories made inappropriate comments regarding body, appearance, or sexual activity said crude or gross sexual things or tried to engage in sexual conversation transmitted offensive sexual remarks, stories, jokes, pictures, videos asked to go out, get dinner, drinks, or have sex, despite refusal Percent of Harassed Students Number of Harassed Students Number of offenders 1 person 2 persons 3 or more persons Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times Association with UH2 Student Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program (ex. internship, study abroad) The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH Relationship to harassed student It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other Don’t know 1 2 3 4 All UH Campuses 6311 9.3% Decline Community University Grad/Prof College Undergraduate 38 25 13 16.6% 11.7% S3 S 7.2% 15.8% 12.0% S 7.2% 15.8% 8.0% S 4.8% 7.9% 8.0% S 3.4% 13.2% 8.0% S 3.9% 5.3% 4.0% S 585 6 3 2 40.4% 33.2% 26.4% S S S S S S S S S 35.7% 17.9% 16.2% 21.1% 3.5% 5.6% S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 81.2% 22.2% S S S S S S 6.4% S S S 1.0% 2.1% 7.4% S S S S S S S S S 4.4% S S S 9.5% 10.8% S S S S S S 7.3% S S S 4.2% S S S 19.1% 10.2% 63.7% 34.9% 7.5% 4.1% S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. Mark all that apply survey item and percents can add up to more than 100% Data is suppressed due to small sample. * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 188 Table A-1e. Percent of Students Experienced Harassment by Type, Ethnicity and Characteristics of Harassment1 Ethnicity Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students Reporting Harassment University-associated individual: made sexual remarks, or insulting/offensive jokes or stories made inappropriate comments regarding body, appearance, or sexual activity said crude or gross sexual things or tried to engage in sexual conversation transmitted offensive sexual remarks, stories, jokes, pictures, videos asked to go out, get dinner, drinks, or have sex, despite refusal Percent of Harassed Students Number of Harassed Students Number of offenders 1 person 2 persons 3 or more persons Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times Association with UH2 Student FACULTY & STAFF (NET) Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program (ex. internship, study abroad) The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH All UH Campuses 6311 Caucasian Hawaiian Japanese Filipino Other 1135 1345 422 745 2503 9.3% 12.8%* 8.1% 9.2% 6.1% 9.5% 7.2% 10.6%* 6.4% 7.2% 4.3% 7.1% 7.2% 10.3%* 6.2% 6.6% 4.7% 7.3% 4.8% 7.0%* 4.0% 4.8% 3.2% 4.7% 3.4% 3.9% 3.3% 3.7% 2.6% 3.5% 3.9% 4.6% 3.7% 4.5% 2.8% 4.2% 585 131 123 42 60 210 40.4% 33.2% 26.4% 38.5% 28.8% 32.7%* 37.5% 36.5% 26.1% 40.9% 38.6% 20.5% 47.4% 35.9% 16.7% 40.1% 34.2% 25.7% 35.7% 17.9% 16.2% 21.1% 3.5% 5.6% 30.4% 21.6%* 14.9% 21.5% 5.2% 6.4% 42.4% 10.9% 19.6% 16.6% 2.7% 7.7% 32.4% 23.8% 9.2% 24.8% 2.0% 7.8% 37.7% 17.7% 24.2% 14.9% 5.5% -- 35.4% 18.6% 14.6% 24.1% 2.2% 5.2% 81.2% 33.9% 22.2% 78.2% 43.8%* 31%* 82.5% 31.3% 21.3% 78.1% 30.1% 16.1% 84.8% 17.7% 12.9% 84.0% 30.8% 18.9% 6.4% 7.0% 5.5% 4.1% 5.9% 6.9% 1.0% 2.1% 7.4% 1.5% 5.5%* 6.5% 0.5% -10.3%* --12.1% 3.9% 1.2% 2.0% 0.3% 1.3% 6.5% 4.4% 4.4% 3.1% 3.3% 4.0% 4.4% 9.5% 10.0%* 10.4%* 11.7% 2.3% 10.9%* 10.8% 12.2% 12.8% 7.0% 6.9% 10.2% 1 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 189 Table A-1e. Percent of Students Experienced Harassment by Type, Ethnicity and Characteristics of Harassment1 (Cont.) Ethnicity Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Relationship to harassed student It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other Don’t know All UH Campuses Caucasian Hawaiian Japanese Filipino Other 6311 1135 1345 422 745 2503 7.3% 7.2% 7.7% 12.1% 4.4% 7.3% 4.2% 6.5% 3.0% 1.7% 2.7% 4.0% 19.1% 26.6%* 19.7% 14.1% 12.0% 15.4% 10.2% 15.5%* 11.1% 6.3% 4.6% 7.8% 63.7% 59.8% 64.9% 58.3% 60.3% 68.7% 34.9% 7.5% 4.1% 31.9% 10.0% 3.2% 38.1% 7.8% 4.3% 39.3% 4.7% -- 23.0% 4.6% 9.7% 37.8%* 6.9% 3.3% 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. 2 Mark all that apply survey item and percents can add up to more than 100% 3 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 190 Table A-1f. Percent of Students Experienced Harassment by Type, Sexual Orientation and Characteristics of Harassment1 Sexual Orientation Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students Reporting Harassment Percent of Harassed Students Number of Harassed Students Number of offenders 1 person 2 persons 3 or more persons Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times Association with UH2 Student FACULTY & STAFF (NET) Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program (ex. internship, study abroad) The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH Relationship to harassed student 2 It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other Don’t know 1 2 3 4 All UH Campuses 6311 9.3% Hetero LGBN3 Decline 5186 8.3% 973 14.3%* 130 12.1% 585 429 139 16 40.4% 33.2% 26.4% 42.5%* 32.7% 24.8% 33.1% 35.0% 31.8% 42.8% 35.5% 21.7% 35.7% 17.9% 16.2% 21.1% 3.5% 5.6% 36.5% 19.0% 18.3%* 19.5% 2.9% 3.6% 33.0% 16.4% 9.5% 25.1% 4.8% 11.3%* 38.5% 6.0% 13.9% 29.1% 4.5% 8.2% 81.2% 33.9% 22.2% 80.9% 30.1% 19.6% 84.1% 42.6%* 29.0% 59.4% 62.3%* 33.1% 6.4% 5.1% 10.4% 9.3% 1.0% 2.1% 7.4% 0.4% 1.4% 6.9% 3.0% 3.2% 8.2% 10.1% 11.8% 4.4% 3.7% 5.7% 10.9% 9.5% 10.8% 8.0% 10.2% 14.1% 10.9% 10.9% 29.4% 7.3% 8.1% 4.8% 2.9% 4.2% 4.3% 2.9% 7.7% 19.1% 10.2% 63.7% 34.9% 7.5% 4.1% 16.7% 8.0% 63.6%* 33.4% 7.2% 3.8% 26.0%* 15.4%* 67.5%* 39.0% 8.7% 5.7% 25.2% 23.4% 33.4% 40.7% 7.6% -- Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. Mark all that apply survey item and percents can add up to more than 100%. LGBN = Gay or lesbian, Bisexual, Asexual, Questioning, Not listed * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 191 Table A-2a. Percent of Students Experienced Stalking by Type, Gender, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Stalking1 Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students Reporting Stalking Made unwanted phone calls, spread rumors about you, or sent emails, voice, text or instant messages... Showed up somewhere or waited for you when you did not want that person to be there... Spied on, watched or followed you, either in person or using devices... Percent of Stalked Students Number of Stalked Students Number of offenders 1 person 2 persons 3 or more persons Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times Association with UH2 Student Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program (ex. internship, study abroad) The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH Relationship to stalked students It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other Don’t know Female All UH Community University Campuse Grad/Prof College Undergraduate s 6311 1878 1349 402 9.7% 10.6% 13.3%* 15.3%* 6.1% 5.9% 8.0%* 10.2%* 5.3% 6.9% 7.1% 8.3% 4.0% 4.3% 5.3% 7.5%* 609 199 180 62 70.2% 19.8% 10.0% 71.2% 21.8% 7.0% 69.1% 20.4% 10.6% 77.9% 15.5% 6.6% 37.4% 21.4% 15.3% 16.6% 5.5% 3.9% 35.8% 21.2% 16.9% 19.0% 3.1% 4.0% 36.8% 22.9% 15.1% 17.5% 6.3% 1.5% 60.7%* 14.4%* 11.1% 8.1%* 4.0% 1.6% 68.4% 6.3% 67.2% 4.8% 72.4%* 3.9% 60.1% 10.0% 2.3% -- 1.9% 6.3% 0.9% 1.6% 3.8% 0.6% 0.6% 2.9% -0.3% 3.3% -3.5% 0.9% 3.6% 1.2% 2.4% 5.5% 23.0% 10.4% 27.0% 11.8% 24.9% 9.0% 19.9% 9.9% 11.5% 10.2% 9.9% 9.3% 12.8% 8.3% 17.0%* 16.9%* 4.1% 4.8% 46.0% 31.6% 10.1% 5.4% 2.9% 4.5% 47.6% 32.6%* 8.5% 3.6% 3.6% 3.0% 47.7% 35.9%* 7.2% 3.5% 6.7% 12.2%* 45.2% 20.1% 7.4% 1.4% 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. 2 Mark all that apply survey item and percents can add up to more than 100%. 3 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 192 Table A-2b. Percent of Students Experienced Stalking by Type, Gender, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Stalking1 Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students Reporting Stalking Made unwanted phone calls, spread rumors about you, or sent emails, voice, text or instant messages... Showed up somewhere or waited for you when you did not want that person to be there... Spied on, watched or followed you, either in person or using devices... Percent of Stalked Students Number of Stalked Students Number of offenders 1 person 2 persons 3 or more persons Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times Association with UH2 Student Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program (ex. internship, study abroad) The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH Relationship to stalked students It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other Don’t know All UH Campuses 6311 9.7% Community College 1330 4.7% Male University Undergraduate 912 6.3% 6.1% 3.3% 5.0% 4.6% 5.3% 2.3% 2.2% 3.5% 4.0% 2.3% 1.5% 3.4% 609 63 57 18 70.2% 19.8% 10.0% 66.8% 19.5% 13.7% 73.2% 17.5% 9.2% 55.3% 22.9% 21.8% 37.4% 21.4% 15.3% 16.6% 5.5% 3.9% 29.2% 24.7% 19.8% 5.2% 12.8% 8.2% 37.2% 29.9% 13.2% 14.4% 5.3% 26.5% 15.2% 20.0% 22.6% 68.4% 6.3% 68.1% 6.0% 64.8% 10.5% 65.8% 18.7% 2.3% 5.8% 2.6% -- 0.9% 1.6% 3.8% 3.2% 3.2% 11.2% 1.0% 1.0% 2.2% -9.6% 5.6% 3.6% 10.3% 5.6% 5.0% 23.0% 10.4% 17.5% 6.3% 23.2% 10.4% -10.5% 11.5% 15.9% 21.0%* 5.0% 12.8% 9.3% 13.4% 11.5% 4.1% 4.8% 46.0% 31.6% 10.1% 5.4% 8.6% 5.8% 40.1% 41.1%* 20.0% 6.9% 1.5% 1.0% 37.6% 20.8% 11.4% 17.0% 8.8% 9.6% 59.3% 10.0% 6.4% 5.9% 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. 2 Mark all that apply survey item and percents can add up to more than 100%. 3 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 193 Grad/Prof 251 7.3% 15.7% Table A-2c. Percent of Students Experienced Stalking by Type, Gender, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Stalking1 Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students Reporting Stalking Made unwanted phone calls, spread rumors about you, or sent emails, voice, text or instant messages... Showed up somewhere or waited for you when you did not want that person to be there... Spied on, watched or followed you, either in person or using devices... Percent of Stalked Students Number of Stalked Students Number of offenders 1 person 2 persons 3 or more persons Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times Association with UH2 Student Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program (ex. internship, study abroad) The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH Relationship to stalked students 2 It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other Don’t know 1 2 3 4 5 All UH Campuses 6311 9.7% Community College 59 8.2% TGQN3 University Undergraduate 40 29.3%* 6.1% 5.2% 25.3%* S 5.3% 5.6% 25.4%* S 4.0% 3.1% 18.6%* S 609 5 12 3 70.2% 19.8% 10.0% S S S S S S S S S 37.4% 21.4% 15.3% 16.6% 5.5% 3.9% S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 68.4% 6.3% S S S S S S 2.3% S S S 0.9% 1.6% 3.8% S S S S S S S S S 3.6% S S S 23.0% 10.4% S S S S S S 11.5% S S S 12.8% S S S 4.1% 4.8% 46.0% 31.6% 10.1% 5.4% S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. Mark all that apply survey item and percents can add up to more than 100% TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. Data is suppressed due to small sample. * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 194 Grad/Prof 14 S4 Table A-2d. Percent of Students Experienced Stalking by Type, Gender, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Stalking1 Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students Reporting Stalking Made unwanted phone calls, spread rumors about you, or sent emails, voice, text or instant messages... Showed up somewhere or waited for you when you did not want that person to be there... Spied on, watched or followed you, either in person or using devices... Percent of Stalked Students Number of Stalked Students Number of offenders 1 person 2 persons 3 or more persons Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times Association with UH2 Student Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program (ex. internship, study abroad) The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH Relationship to stalked students 2 It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other All UH Campuses 6311 9.7% Community College 38 8.8% Decline University Undergraduate 25 16.1% 6.1% 8.8% 11.8% S 5.3% -- 9.5% S 4.0% 4.6% 12.8% S 609 3 4 3 70.2% 19.8% 10.0% S S S S S S S S S 37.4% 21.4% 15.3% 16.6% 5.5% 3.9% S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 68.4% 6.3% S S S S S S 2.3% S S S 0.9% 1.6% 3.8% S S S S S S S S S 3.6% S S S 23.0% 10.4% S S S S S S 11.5% S S S 12.8% S S S 4.1% 4.8% 46.0% 31.6% 10.1% S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. 2 Mark all that apply survey item and percents can add up to more than 100% 3 4 Data is suppressed due to small sample. * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 195 Grad/Prof 13 S3 Table A-2e. Percent of Students Experienced Stalking by Type, Ethnicity, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Stalking1 Ethnicity Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students Reporting Stalking Made unwanted phone calls, spread rumors about you, or sent emails, voice, text or instant messages... Showed up somewhere or waited for you when you did not want that person to be there... Spied on, watched or followed you, either in person or using devices... Percent of Stalked Students Number of Stalked Students Number of offenders 1 person 2 persons 3 or more persons Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times Association with UH2 Student UH ASSOCIATED INDIVIDUAL (NET EXL. STUDENT) Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program (ex. internship, study abroad) The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH All UH Campuses Caucasian Hawaiian Japanese Filipino Other 6311 1135 1345 422 745 2503 9.7% 9.3% 9.5% 11.0% 8.0% 10.4% 6.1% 5.7% 6.1% 8.3%* 4.4% 6.6%* 5.3% 6.0%* 5.5% 5.0% 3.9% 5.6% 4.0% 3.7% 4.3% 3.9% 3.3% 4.2% 609 95 138 49 77 227 70.2% 19.8% 10.0% 67.5% 19.6% 12.9% 70.2% 19.1% 10.7% 64.8% 29.8%* 5.4% 80.1% 12.8% 7.2% 69.9% 20.0% 10.0% 37.4% 21.4% 15.3% 16.6% 5.5% 3.9% 28.5% 18.4% 18.6% 21.4%* 7.8% 5.3% 38.8% 18.7% 14.7% 15.9% 6.3% 5.6% 36.0% 33.4% 16.5% 7.5% 4.6% 2.0% 42.1% 25.9% 9.3% 15.9% 6.0% 0.9% 38.7% 21.1% 16.0% 16.9%* 3.9% 3.3% 68.4% 72.8% 70.2% 66.9% 66.4% 67.0% 14.1% 18.8% 15.0% 15.4% 0.9%* 14.4% 6.3% 8.8% 6.5% 2.8% -- 6.6% 2.3% 4.1% 1.4% 3.1% -- 2.0% 0.9% 1.6% 3.8% 3.0% 3.8% 4.1% 1.3% 0.8% 5.2% -1.1% 3.7% ---- -1.6% 4.3% 3.6% 6.5%* 3.7% 6.4% 0.9% 2.8% 23.0% 20.9% 25.3% 29.1% 25.2% 21.3% 10.4% 13.5% 9.6% 4.5% 9.1% 11.7% 1 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 196 Table A-2e. Percent of Students Experienced Stalking by Type, Ethnicity, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Stalking1 (Cont.) Ethnicity Survey Item Response Number of Stalked Students Relationship to stalked students 2 It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other Don’t know All UH Campuses Caucasian Hawaiian Japanese Filipino Other 609 95 138 49 77 227 11.5% 11.9% 12.1% 6.6% 16.9% 10.8% 12.8% 15.8% 15.4% 9.8% 8.3% 12.5% 4.1% 7.2%* 3.3% 2.8% 0.9% 4.0% 4.8% 6.4% 4.8% 4.4% -- 5.5% 46.0% 41.4% 46.1% 52.3% 50.3% 44.1% 31.6% 10.1% 5.4% 42.6%* 10.4% 3.4% 30.7% 10.3% 4.2% 29.1% 10.2% 8.1% 24.4% 6.8% 5.0% 31.0% 10.7% 6.7% 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. 2 Mark all that apply survey item and percents can add up to more than 100%. 3 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 197 Table A-2f. Percent of Students Experienced Stalking by Type, Sexual Orientation, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Stalking1 Sexual Orientation Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students Reporting Stalking Made unwanted phone calls, spread rumors about you, or sent emails, voice, text or instant messages... Showed up somewhere or waited for you when you did not want that person to be there... Spied on, watched or followed you, either in person or using devices... Percent of Stalked Students Number of Stalked Students Number of offenders 1 person 2 persons 3 or more persons Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times Association with UH2 Student FACULTY & STAFF (NET) Faculty or instructor Teaching assistant, research assistant, or graduate assistant Coach or trainer Administrator Other staff Other person associated with a university program The person was not associated with UH Don’t know association with UH Relationship to stalked students 2 It was someone I was involved or intimate with at the time of the event It was someone I was involved or intimate with prior to the time of the event Teacher or advisor Co-worker, boss or supervisor Friend, acquaintance, or classmate Stranger Other Don’t know All UH Campuses 6311 9.7% Hetero LGBN3 Decline 5186 8.7% 973 14.5%* 130 13.0% 6.1% 5.3% 9.6%* 12.5%* 5.3% 4.9% 7.9%* 3.8% 4.0% 3.6% 5.8%* 5.2% 609 441 139 16 70.2% 19.8% 10.0% 74.8%* 17.3% 7.9% 57.0% 27.8%* 15.2%* 55.8% 21.9% 22.4% 37.4% 21.4% 15.3% 16.6% 5.5% 3.9% 38.6% 22.5% 15.5% 16.0% 4.9% 2.5% 33.5% 19.5% 13.1% 19.3% 6.9% 7.8%* 45.7% 9.9% 24.7% 11.8% -7.9% 68.4% 14.1% 6.3% 68.4% 70.8% 56.7% 5.8% 7.8% 3.1% 2.3% 2.0% 2.9% 4.5% 0.9% 1.6% 3.8% 3.6% 23.0% 10.4% 0.6% 1.2% 3.2% 2.3% 22.0% 8.2% 1.8% 2.4% 4.5% 5.0% 24.4% 16.6%* -5.3% 6.1% 23.8% 38.5% 15.2% 11.5% 10.2% 12.9% 34.0% 12.8% 12.7% 13.9% 10.6% 4.1% 4.8% 46.0% 31.6% 10.1% 5.4% 3.5% 4.3% 47.4% 29.9% 8.3% 3.7% 6.0% 4.9% 42.4% 34.7% 13.7% 8.8% 3.1% 9.9% 45.0% 48.7% 25.4% 21.2% 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. 2 Mark all that apply survey item and percents can add up to more than 100%. 3 LGBN = Gay or lesbian, Bisexual, Asexual, Questioning, Not listed. 4 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 198 Table A-3a. Percent of Students Who Have Been in Partnered Relationship Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence by Type, Gender, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Dating and Domestic Violence1 Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students in Partnered Relationships Reporting Dating and Domestic Violence Partner controlled or tried to control what you do Partner threatened to physically harm you Partner used any kind of physical force against you Partner isolated you from or tried to control your relationships Partner controlled how others see you Percent of Students Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence Number of Student Experienced Dating & Domestic Violence Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times All UH Campuses Community College Female University Undergraduate 4894 1553 1090 359 19.1% 22.2% 22.6% 21.5% 9.5% 11.3% 11.2% 9.5% 8.6% 11.1% 10.4% 11.2% 7.5% 9.1% 9.3% 10.3% 10.8% 13.3% 12.5% 11.8% 11.8% 15.1% 13.7% 15.7% 952 345 246 77 44.4% 14.0% 14.2% 16.1% 4.3% 6.9% 42.1% 13.1% 12.8% 19.3% 5.6%* 7.1% 43.2% 15.6% 16.4% 16.1% 3.1%* 5.7% 54.7%* 13.4% 11.0% 15.9% 0.7% 4.3% 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported any time while enrolled at UH. 2 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 199 Grad/Prof Table A-3b. Percent of Students Who Have Been in Partnered Relationship Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence by Type, Gender, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Dating and Domestic Violence1 Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students in Partnered Relationships Reporting Dating and Domestic Violence Partner controlled or tried to control what you do Partner threatened to physically harm you Partner used any kind of physical force against you Partner isolated you from or tried to control your relationships Partner controlled how others see you Percent of Students Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence Number of Student Experienced Dating & Domestic Violence Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times All UH Campuses Community College Male University Undergraduate 4894 963 662 212 19.1% 12.8% 13.6% 13.3% 9.5% 6.1% 7.7% 6.2% 8.6% 4.7% 5.2% 2.7% 7.5% 4.7% 4.2% 5.0% 10.8% 7.1% 6.9% 6.9% 11.8% 6.2% 7.0% 7.7% 952 123 90 28 44.4% 14.0% 14.2% 16.1% 4.3% 6.9% 42.5% 15.6% 17.4% 12.0% 1.4% 11.2% 50.9% 14.2% 12.6% 13.3% 4.0% 5.0% 37.3% 10.8% 21.2% 12.1% 10.6% 7.9% 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. 2 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 200 Grad/Prof Table A-3c. Percent of Students Who Have Been in Partnered Relationship Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence by Type, Gender, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Dating and Domestic Violence1 Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students in Partnered Relationships Reporting Dating and Domestic Violence Partner controlled or tried to control what you do Partner threatened to physically harm you Partner used any kind of physical force against you Partner isolated you from or tried to control your relationships Partner controlled how others see you Percent of Students Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence Number of Students Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times All UH Campuses Community College TGQN2 University Undergraduate 4894 46 30 12 19.1% 29.6% 40.3% S3 9.5% 9.7% 27.8%* S 8.6% 9.1% 18.6% S 7.5% 5.4% 16.7% S 10.8% 19.6% 25.7% S 11.8% 13.0% 34.3% S 952 14 12 3 44.4% 14.0% 14.2% 16.1% 4.3% 6.9% S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S Grad/Prof 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. 2 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 3 Data is suppressed due to small sample. 4 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 201 Table A-3d. Percent of Students Who Have Been in Partnered Relationship Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence by Type, Gender, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Dating and Domestic Violence1 Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students in Partnered Relationships Reporting Dating and Domestic Violence Partner controlled or tried to control what you do Partner threatened to physically harm you Partner used any kind of physical force against you Partner isolated you from or tried to control your relationships Partner controlled how others see you Percent of Students Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence Number of Students Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 time 2 times 3-5 times 6-9 times 10 or more times All UH Campuses Community College Decline University Undergraduate 4894 31 13 12 19.1% 20.5% S2 S 9.5% 10.6% S S 8.6% 16.0% S S 7.5% -- S S 10.8% 9.9% S S 11.8% 16.0% S S 952 6 3 4 44.4% 14.0% 14.2% 16.1% 4.3% 6.9% S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. 2 Data is suppressed due to small sample. 3 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 202 Grad/Prof Table A-3e. Percent of Students Who Have Been in Partnered Relationship Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence by Type, Ethnicity, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Dating and Domestic Violence1 Survey Item Ethnicity All UH Campuses Caucasian Hawaiian Japanese Filipino Other 4894 1135 1345 422 745 2503 19.1% 18.4% 20.4% 18.1% 16.8% 19.9% 9.5% 8.4% 11.1% 10.6% 9.7% 8.7% 8.6% 7.8% 10.9%* 8.0% 7.1% 8.3% 7.5% 7.5% 8.6% 5.5% 7.0% 7.3% 10.8% 9.8% 13.2%* 9.3% 10.6% 10.0% 11.8% 13.2% 12.5%* 10.7% 8.4% 12.5%* 952 151 250 69 126 334 44.4% 26.5%* 47.0% 59.7% 1 time 14.0% 16.5%* 12.6% 5.4% 2 times 14.2% 19.0%* 10.3% 15.5% 3-5 times 16.1% 22.1%* 19.7%* 11.4% 6-9 times 4.3% 6.5% 4.1% 4.7% 10 or more times 6.9% 9.3% 6.2% 3.3% Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students in Partnered Relationships Reporting Dating and Domestic Violence Partner controlled or tried to control what you do Partner threatened to physically harm you Partner used any kind of physical force against you Partner isolated you from or tried to control your relationships Partner controlled how others see you Percent of Students Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence Number of Students Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence Number of incidents since Fall 2016 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. 2 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 203 44.5% 46.8% 15.9%* 14.8%* 12.3% 15.8% 15.9% 12.0% 3.4% 3.5% 7.9% 7.2% Table A-3f. Percent of Students Who Have Been in Partnered Relationship Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence by Type, Sexual Orientation, Enrollment Status and Characteristics of Dating and Domestic Violence1 Survey Item Sexual Orientation All UH Campuses 4894 Hetero LGBN2 Decline 5186 973 130 19.1% 17.7% 25.9%* 25.4% 9.5% 8.9% 12.5%* 14.2% 8.6% 8.0% 12.3%* 8.0% 7.5% 7.1% 9.8%* 7.5% 10.8% 10.0% 14.4%* 16.8% 11.8% 11.0% 15.8%* 15.6% 952 730 194 21 NO INCIDENT (0 times) 44.4% 44.6% 42.7% 59.2% 1 time 14.0% 13.5% 15.7% 13.6% 2 times 14.2% 15.0% 11.5% 10.4% 3-5 times 16.1% 16.4% 15.8% 9.6% 6-9 times 4.3% 4.1% 5.3% -- 10 or more times 6.9% 6.4% 8.9% 7.2% Response Number of Survey Participants Percent of Students in Partnered Relationships Reporting Dating and Domestic Violence Partner controlled or tried to control what you do Partner threatened to physically harm you Partner used any kind of physical force against you Partner isolated you from or tried to control your relationships Partner controlled how others see you Percent of Students Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence Number of Students Experienced Dating and Domestic Violence Number of incidents since Fall 2016 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. 2 LGBN = Gay or lesbian, Bisexual, Asexual, Questioning, Not listed. 3 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 204 Table A-4a. Percent of Students Experienced Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Involving Physical Force, Incapacitation, Coercion and Absence of Affirmative Consent At Any Time While Enrolled at UH by Tactic and Gender Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching All UH Campuses Female Male TGQN1 Decline 6311 3630 2493 113 76 6.3% 8.5%* 2.5% 19.4%* 5.7% 2.4% 5.4% 3.3%* 7.3%* 0.5% 2.2% 11.4%* 15.9%* 4.0% 5.1% 3.5% 4.8%* 1.1% 13.3%* 5.1% 1.8% 2.6% 2.5%* 3.5%* 0.3% 0.8% 7.4%* 12.0%* 3.4% 3.8% 3.2% 4.4%* 1.1% 9.8%* 3.8% 1.7% 2.3% 2.4%* 3.1%* 0.3% 0.8% 6.1%* 9.8%* 2.1% 3.8% 2.7% 3.7%* 0.9% 9.4%* 3.8% 1.5% 1.8% 2.2%* 2.3%* 0.3% 0.7% 6.1%* 9.4% 2.1% 3.8% 2.0% 2.8%* 0.6% 5.8%* 3.8% 0.9% 1.5% 1.4%* 2.0%* 0.1% 0.5% 1.6% 5.8%* 2.1% 3.8% 1 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 205 Table A-4b. Percent of Students Experienced Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Involving Physical Force, Incapacitation, Coercion and Absence of Affirmative Consent At Any Time While Enrolled at UH by Tactic and Ethnicity Ethnicity All UH Campuses Caucasian Hawaiian Japanese Filipino Other 6311 1023 1507 458 982 2203 6.30% 8.5%* 5.3% 5.2%* 3.3% 7.5%* 2.40% 3.2%* 5.40% 7.2%* 2.2% 4.0% 1.1% 2.9% 2.6%* Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration 2.2% 4.5% 3.50% 4.6%* 3.5% 3.6% 2.3% 3.5% 1.80% 2.5%* Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration 2.60% 3.2% 1.6% 2.9% 1.8% 2.3% 1.1% 1.7% 1.7% 2.6% 3.20% 4.4%* 3.0% 2.9% 1.9% 3.2%* 1.70% 2.4%* Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration 2.30% 2.9%* 1.4% 2.5% 1.7% 1.7% 1.1% 1.3% 1.6% 2.4% 2.70% 3.9%* 2.6% 2.1% 1.5% 2.7% 1.50% 2.4%* Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration 1.80% 2.4%* 1.3% 2.0% 1.2% 1.0% 1.0% 1.1% 1.6% 1.8% 2.00% 2.6%* 2.1% 2.2% 1.1% 2.0% 0.90% 1.50% 1.0% 1.7% 1.2% 1.0% 0.7% 0.8% 0.6% Sexual Touching 1.2% 1.8% Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration 1 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 206 6.6%* 1.7%* Table A-4c Percent of Students Experienced Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Involving Physical Force, Incapacitation, Coercion and Absence of Affirmative Consent At Any Time While Enrolled at UH by Tactic and Sexual Orientation Sexual Orientation All UH Campuses 6311 Hetero LGBN1 Decline 5186 973 130 6.3% 5.6% 10.1%* 4.9% Penetration 2.4% 2.1% Sexual Touching 5.4% 4.8% 4.0%* 9.0%* 2.5% 4.5% 3.5% 2.9% 6.6%* 2.5% Penetration 1.8% 1.5% Sexual Touching 2.6% 2.2% 3.2%* 5.0%* 1.5% 1.0% 3.2% 2.7% 5.9%* 1.7% Penetration 1.7% 1.5% Sexual Touching 2.3% 2.0% 2.7% 2.2% Penetration 1.5% 1.3% Sexual Touching 1.8% 1.5% 2.9%* 4.3%* 5.1%* 2.8%* 3.6%* 0.8% 1.0% 1.3% 0.3% 1.0% 2.0% 1.7% 3.8%* 1.4% Penetration 0.9% Sexual Touching 1.5% 0.8% 1.3% 1.5% 2.7%* 0.4% 1.0% Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force 1 LGBN = Gay or lesbian, Bisexual, Asexual, Questioning, Not listed. 2 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 207 Table A-5a. Percent of Females Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration or Sexual Touching Involving Coercion or Absence of Affirmative Consent by Behavior, Tactic, Current Year vs. Since Entering UH, Gender and Enrollment Status Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Current academic year Coercion Penetration Sexual Touching Absence of affirmative consent Penetration Sexual Touching Since entering UH Coercion Penetration Sexual Touching Absence of affirmative consent Penetration Sexual Touching Total Community College University Undergraduate Graduate or Professional 3630 1878 1349 402 0.5% 0.1% 0.4% 2.8% 0.7% 2.6% 0.5% 0.1% 0.4% 1.6% 0.4% 1.5% 0.6% 0.2% 0.5% 4.6%* 1.0% 4.3%* ---2.2% 0.7% 2.0% 1.0% 0.4% 0.7% 6.3% 2.2% 5.4% 0.7% 0.1% 0.7% 3.5% 1.5% 2.7% 1.6%* 0.9%* 0.9%* 9.8%* 3.2%* 8.5%* 0.4% 0.2% 0.3% 7.9% 1.9% 7.2% 1. * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 208 Table A-5b. Percent of Males Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration or Sexual Touching Involving Coercion or Absence of Affirmative Consent by Behavior, Tactic, Current Year vs. Since Entering UH, Gender and Enrollment Status1 Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Current academic year Coercion Penetration Sexual Touching Absence of affirmative consent Penetration Sexual Touching Since entering UH Coercion Penetration Sexual Touching Absence of affirmative consent Penetration Sexual Touching 2493 Community College 1330 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.9% 0.2% 0.9% 0.1% 0.1% -0.5% 0.1% 0.5% ---1.3% 0.4% 1.2% 0.3% -0.3% 1.5% -1.5% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 1.8% 0.2% 1.8% 0.1% 0.1% -1.3% 0.1% 1.3% ---2.2% 0.4% 2.1% 0.3% -0.3% 3.5% -3.5% Total UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 209 University Graduate or Undergraduate Professional 912 251 Table A-5c. Percent of Students Identifying as TGQN1 Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration or Sexual Touching Involving Coercion or Absence of Affirmative Consent by Behavior, Tactic, Current Year vs. Since Entering UH, Gender and Enrollment Status Total Community College University Undergraduate Graduate or Professional 113 59 40 14 1.6% -- 2.1% S2 Penetration 0.9% -- -- S Sexual Touching 0.7% -- 2.1% S Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Current academic year Coercion Absence of affirmative consent 5.8% 2.0% 11.0% S Penetration 1.9% -- 2.9% S Sexual Touching 5.8% 2.0% 11.0% S Since entering UH Coercion 5.1% 6.8% 2.1% S Penetration 2.2% 2.5% -- S Sexual Touching 2.9% 4.2% 2.1% S 14.4% 14.4% 16.8% S Absence of affirmative consent Penetration 7.8% 8.2% 7.5% S Sexual Touching 12.2% 12.1% 14.1% S 1 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2 Data is suppressed due to small sample. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 210 Table A-5d. Percent of Students who Declined to State their Gender Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration or Sexual Touching Involving Coercion or Absence of Affirmative Consent by Behavior, Tactic, Current Year vs. Since Entering UH, Gender and Enrollment Status Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Current academic year Coercion Penetration Sexual Touching Absence of affirmative consent Penetration Sexual Touching Since entering UH Coercion Penetration Sexual Touching Absence of affirmative consent Penetration Sexual Touching 76 Community College 38 University Undergraduate 25 Graduate or Professional 13 1.3% 1.3% -3.0% -3.0% ------- ---5.2% -5.2% S1 S S S S S 3.4% 3.4% 2.1% 3.6% 0.6% 3.0% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% ---- ---7.0% 1.8% 5.2% S S S S S S Total 1 Data is suppressed due to small sample. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 211 Table A-6a. Percent of University Seniors Experienced Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Involving Physical Force, Incapacitation, Coercion and Absence of Affirmative Consent at Any Time While Enrolled at UH by Tactic and Gender Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Total Female Male TGQN1 Decline 939 521 393 17 9 10.7% 16.1%* 3.0% 17.7% S2 4.7% 9.3% 7.4%* 13.9%* 0.6% 3.0% 17.7% 11.4% S S 5.5% 9.1%* 0.6% 4.5% S 3.3% 4.4% 5.3%* 7.2%* 0.6% 0.6% 4.5% 4.5% S S 5.0% 8.2%* 0.6% 4.5% S 3.1% 4.2% 4.9%* 6.6%* 0.6% 0.6% 4.5% 4.5% S S 4.1% 6.6%* 0.6% 4.5% S 2.9% 3.2% 4.6%* 5.0%* 0.6% 0.6% 4.5% 4.5% S S 3.5% 5.7%* 0.3% 4.5% S 1.7% 2.9% 3.0% 4.6%* -0.3% -4.5% S S 1 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2 Data is suppressed due to small sample. 3 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 212 Table A-6b. Percent of Community College 4th Year or Higher Experienced Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Involving Physical Force, Incapacitation, Coercion and Absence of Affirmative Consent at Any Time While Enrolled at UH by Tactic and Gender Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Total Female Male TGQN1 Decline 426 261 148 7 9 4.1% 3.6% 3.4% S2 S 1.3% 3.5% 0.9% 3.2% -3.4% S S S S 1.4% -- 1.1% S S 1.0% 0.7% 0.5% -- -1.1% S S S S 1.0% 0.5% 1.1% S S 0.6% 0.7% 0.5% -- -1.1% S S S S 1.0% 0.5% 1.1% S S 0.6% 0.7% 0.5% -- -1.1% S S S S 0.3% 0.5% -- S S 0.3% -- 0.5% -- --- S S S S 1 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2 Data is suppressed due to small sample. 3 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 213 Table A-7a. Percent of University Undergraduates Experienced Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Involving Physical Force, Incapacitation, Coercion and Absence of Affirmative Consent for Current Year by Tactic and Gender Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical force Penetration Penetration Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Total FEMALE MALE TGQN1 DECLINE 2327 1349 912 40 25 4.7% 6.2% 2.1%* 13.0% 5.2% 1.3% 4.3% 1.9% 5.7% 0.5%* 1.9%* 2.9% 13.0% -5.2% 2.4% 3.3% 1.0%* 4.1% 5.2% 1.0% 2.1% 1.6% 2.7% 0.2%* 0.9%* -4.1% -5.2% 2.3% 3.0% 1.0%* 4.1% 5.2% 1.0% 1.9% 1.6% 2.4% 0.2%* 0.9%* -4.1% -5.2% 1.9% 2.4% 0.9%* 4.1% 5.2% 1.0% 1.5% 1.5% 1.7% 0.2%* 0.8%* -4.1% -5.2% 1.4% 1.9% 0.5%* 4.1% 5.2% 0.5% 1.2% 0.8% 1.5% -0.5%* -4.1% -5.2% 1 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 214 Table A-7b. Percent of Community College Students Experienced Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Involving Physical Force, Incapacitation, Coercion and Absence of Affirmative Consent for Current Year by Tactic and Gender Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Penetration Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Total FEMALE MALE TGQN1 DECLINE 3304 1878 1330 59 38 1.5% 1.9% 0.8%* 5.1% -- 0.5% 1.4% 0.6% 1.7% 0.3% 0.7%* 3.1% 5.1% --- 0.8% 1.1% 0.3%* 5.1% -- 0.4% 0.6% 0.5% 0.8% 0.1% 0.2%* 3.1% 5.1% --- 0.7% 0.9% 0.3% 5.1% -- 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.1% 0.2% 3.1% 5.1% --- 0.7% 0.8% 0.3% 5.1% -- 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.1% 0.2% 3.1% 5.1% --- 0.6% 0.9% 0.1%* 3.1% -- 0.3% 0.4% 0.5% 0.6% 0.1% -- -3.1% --- 1 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 215 Table A-8a. Percent of (University & CC) Undergraduates Experienced Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Involving Physical Force, Incapacitation, Coercion and Absence of Affirmative Consent At Any Time While Enrolled at University by Tactic and Gender Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Penetration Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Total FEMALE MALE TGQN1 DECLINE 5631 3228 2242 99 63 6.1% 8.3%* 2.3% 21.1%* 5.4% 2.3% 5.2% 3.3%* 7.1%* 0.5% 2.1% 12.0%* 17.2%* 3.3% 4.6% 3.5% 4.8%* 1.0% 14.2%* 4.6% 1.7% 2.7% 2.5%* 3.6%* 0.3% 0.8% 7.5%* 12.7%* 2.6% 4.6% 3.1% 4.3%* 1.0% 10.2%* 4.6% 1.6% 2.4% 2.3%* 3.1%* 0.3% 0.8% 6.0%* 10.2%* 2.6% 4.6% 2.6% 3.6%* 0.8% 9.7%* 4.6% 1.5% 1.8% 2.1%* 2.4%* 0.3% 0.7% 6.0%* 9.7%* 2.6% 4.6% 2.1% 2.9%* 0.6% 6.6%* 4.6% 0.9% 1.6% 1.4%* 2.1%* 0.1% 0.4% 1.9% 6.6%* 2.6% 4.6% 1 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 216 Table A-8b. Percent of University Undergraduates Experienced Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Involving Physical Force, Incapacitation, Coercion and Absence of Affirmative Consent At Any Time While Enrolled at University by Tactic and Gender Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Penetration Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Total FEMALE MALE TGQN1 DECLINE 2327 1349 912 40 25 9.5% 13.3% 3.3%* 22.8% 7.0% 3.3% 8.3% 5.0% 11.6% 0.7%* 3.0%* 9.4% 20.1% 1.8% 5.2% 5.2% 7.5% 1.6%* 9.3% 5.2% 2.3% 4.1% 3.7% 5.8% 0.4%* 1.4%* 1.9% 9.3% -5.2% 4.8% 6.8% 1.6%* 9.3% 5.2% 2.2% 3.8% 3.4% 5.2% 0.4%* 1.4%* 1.9% 9.3% -5.2% 3.7% 5.3% 1.1%* 8.1% 5.2% 2.0% 2.8% 3.1% 3.7% 0.3%* 1.0%* 1.9% 8.1% -5.2% 3.1% 4.3% 1.0%* 7.1% 5.2% 1.2% 2.5% 2.0% 3.3% 0.1%* 0.9%* -7.1% -5.2% 1 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 217 Table A-8c. Percent of Community College Students Experienced Nonconsensual Sexual Contact Involving Physical Force, Incapacitation, Coercion and Absence of Affirmative Consent At Any Time While Enrolled at University by Tactic and Gender Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Penetration Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Total FEMALE MALE TGQN1 DECLINE 3304 1878 1330 59 38 3.7% 4.7% 1.7% 20.0%* 4.3% 1.6% 3.1% 2.0% 3.8% 0.4% 1.4% 13.8%* 15.1%* 4.3% 4.3% 2.3% 2.9% 0.7% 17.6%* 4.3% 1.2% 1.6% 1.6% 2.0% 0.3% 0.4% 11.4%* 15.1%* 4.3% 4.3% 2.0% 2.6% 0.7% 10.9% 4.3% 1.2% 1.3% 1.6% 1.6% 0.3% 0.4% 8.9% 10.9% 4.3% 4.3% 1.8% 2.3% 0.7% 10.9% 4.3% 1.1% 1.2% 1.4% 1.4% 0.3% 0.4% 8.9% 10.9% 4.3% 4.3% 1.3% 1.9% 0.3% 6.2% 4.3% 0.7% 0.9% 1.0% 1.3% 0.1% 0.1% 3.1% 6.2% 4.3% 4.3% 1 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 218 Table A-9a. Percent of Female Community College Students Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration or Sexual Touching Involving Physical Force or Incapacitation by Tactic, Current Year vs. Since Entering UH and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence Current Academic Year 1878 Since Entering UH 1878 1.9% 4.7% 0.6% 1.7% 2.0% 3.8% 1.1% 2.9% 0.5% 0.8% 1.6% 2.0% 0.9% 2.6% 0.5% 0.6% 1.6% 1.6% 0.8% 2.3% 0.5% 0.5% 1.4% 1.4% 0.9% 1.9% 0.5% 0.6% 1.0% 1.3% 219 Table A-9b. Percent of Female University Undergraduate Students Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration or Sexual Touching Involving Physical Force or Incapacitation by Tactic, Current Year vs. Since Entering UH and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence Current Academic Year 1349 Since Entering UH 1349 6.2% 13.3% 1.9% 5.7% 5.0% 11.6% 3.3% 7.5% 1.6% 2.7% 3.7% 5.8% 3.0% 6.8% 1.6% 2.4% 3.4% 5.2% 2.4% 5.3% 1.5% 1.7% 3.1% 3.7% 1.9% 4.3% 0.8% 1.5% 2.0% 3.3% 220 Table A-9c. Percent of Female Graduate/Professional Students Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration or Sexual Touching Involving Physical Force or Incapacitation by Tactic, Current Year vs. Since Entering UH and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence Current Academic Year 402 Since Entering UH 402 2.5% 10.2% 0.9% 2.3% 3.9% 9.0% 1.2% 4.7% 0.8% 0.5% 3.3% 2.5% 1.2% 4.7% 0.8% 0.5% 3.3% 2.5% 1.2% 4.3% 0.8% 0.5% 3.1% 2.0% 0.4% 2.0% 0.3% 0.3% 1.1% 1.4% 221 Table A-10a. Percent of Male Community College Students Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration or Sexual Touching Involving Physical Force or Incapacitation by Tactic, Current Year vs. Since Entering UH and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence Current Academic Year 1330 Since Entering UH 1330 0.8% 1.7% 0.3% 0.7% 0.4% 1.4% 0.3% 0.7% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.7% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.7% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% -- 0.1% 0.1% 222 Table A-10b. Percent of Male University Undergraduate Students Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration or Sexual Touching Involving Physical Force or Incapacitation by Tactic, Current Year vs. Since Entering UH and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence Current Academic Year 912 Since Entering UH 912 2.1% 3.3% 0.5% 1.9% 0.7% 3.0% 1.0% 1.6% 0.2% 0.9% 0.4% 1.4% 1.0% 1.6% 0.2% 0.9% 0.4% 1.4% 0.9% 1.1% 0.2% 0.8% 0.3% 1.0% 0.5% 1.0% -0.5% 0.1% 0.9% 223 Table A-10c. Percent of Male Graduate/Professional Students Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration or Sexual Touching Involving Physical Force or Incapacitation by Tactic, Current Year vs. Since Entering UH and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence Current Academic Year 251 224 Since Entering UH 251 1.8% 3.8% -1.8% 0.3% 3.8% 1.1% 1.4% -1.1% 0.3% 1.1% 1.1% 1.4% -1.1% 0.3% 1.1% 0.8% 1.1% -0.8% 0.3% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% -0.7% -0.7% Table A-11a. Percent of Community College Students Identifying as TGQN1 Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration or Sexual Touching Involving Physical Force or Incapacitation by Tactic, Current Year vs. Since Entering UH and Enrollment Status Current Academic Year 59 Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching 1 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, not listed. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence Since Entering UH 59 5.1% 20.0% 3.1% 5.1% 13.8% 15.1% 5.1% 17.6% 3.1% 5.1% 11.4% 15.1% 5.1% 10.9% 3.1% 5.1% 8.9% 10.9% 5.1% 10.9% 3.1% 5.1% 8.9% 10.9% 3.1% 6.2% -3.1% 3.1% 6.2% Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, 225 Table A-11b. Percent of University Undergraduate Students Identifying as TGQN 1 Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration or Sexual Touching Involving Physical Force or Incapacitation by Tactic, Current Year vs. Since Entering UH and Enrollment Status Current Academic Year 40 Since Entering UH 40 Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of 13.0% 22.8% Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration 2.9% 9.4% Sexual Touching 13.0% 20.1% Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted 4.1% 9.3% using Physical Force Penetration -1.9% Sexual Touching 4.1% 9.3% Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical 4.1% 9.3% force Penetration -1.9% Sexual Touching 4.1% 9.3% Completed using Physical Force or 4.1% 8.1% Incapacitation Penetration -1.9% Sexual Touching 4.1% 8.1% Completed using Physical Force or 4.1% 7.1% Attempted using physical force Penetration --Sexual Touching 4.1% 7.1% 1 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 226 Table A-12a. Percent of Community College Students Declining to State Gender Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration or Sexual Touching Involving Physical Force or Incapacitation by Tactic, Current Year vs. Since Entering UH and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence Current Academic Year 38 Since Entering UH 38 -- 4.3% --- 4.3% 4.3% -- 4.3% --- 4.3% 4.3% -- 4.3% --- 4.3% 4.3% -- 4.3% --- 4.3% 4.3% -- 4.3% --- 4.3% 4.3% 227 Table A-12b. Percent of Undergraduate Students Declining to State Gender Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration or Sexual Touching Involving Physical Force or Incapacitation by Tactic, Current Year vs. Since Entering UH and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; or Absence of Affirmative Consent; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation or Coercion; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation; Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Incapacitation Penetration Sexual Touching Completed using Physical Force or Attempted using Physical Force Penetration Sexual Touching UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence Current Academic Year 25 Since Entering UH 25 5.2% 7.0% -5.2% 1.8% 5.2% 5.2% 5.2% -5.2% -5.2% 5.2% 5.2% -5.2% -5.2% 5.2% 5.2% -5.2% -5.2% 5.2% 5.2% -5.2% -5.2% 228 Table A-13. Percent of Students Experienced Nonconsensual Sexual Contact by Gender, Year in School and Current Year or Since Enrolled in UH 1, 2 Community College Current Year 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year or higher Since Entering UH 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year or higher University Current Year Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior Since Entering UH Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior Graduate/Professional Current Year 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year or higher Since Entering UH 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year or higher TOTAL Female Male TGQN3 Decline 1.5% 1.6% 1.4% 1.4% 2.3% 1.3% 2.3% 1.9% 0.7% 1.5% 1.4% -11.5% --- ----- 2.2% 4.4% 5.4% 4.1% 3.3% 5.1% 7.3% 3.6% 1.1% 2.2% 1.0% 3.4% -26.5% 47.0% 44.8% --22.3% -- 7.5% 4.7% 3.8% 3.7% 9.5% 6.6% 4.8% 5.4% 4.3% 1.6% 2.0% 1.3% 28.6% 16.7% 8.3% 6.3% ---11.1% 8.0% 8.5% 9.5% 10.7% 9.9% 11.6% 12.9% 16.1% 4.3% 2.3% 3.4% 3.0% 28.7% 19.1% 26.6% 17.7% ---19.6% 3.1% 2.9% 0.9% -5.9% 2.3% 3.3% 2.9% 0.0% -12.5% 3.6% 3.2% 1.6% 2.7% ---- -25.0% ----- 16.7% ------ 6.7% 8.1% 6.6% 12.5% 8.9% 9.2% 8.0% 11.7% 7.7% 14.5% 19.3% 14.2% 4.3% 1.6% 8.1% 9.3% -8.1% -26.5% ----- 18.0% ------ 1 Per 100 students. 2 Includes contact involving any of the four tactics of Nonconsensual Sexual Contact. 3 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 229 Table A-14. Percent of Students Experienced Nonconsensual Sexual Penetration by Gender, Year in School and Current Year or Since Enrolled in UH 1, 2 Community College Current Year 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year or higher Since Entering UH 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year or higher University Current Year Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior Since Entering UH Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior Graduate/Professional Current Year 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year or higher Since Entering UH 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year or higher TOTAL Female Male TGQN3 Decline 0.6% 0.4% 0.8% 0.2% 0.6% 0.3% 1.3% 0.4% 0.7% ---- -7.6% --- ----- 1.0% 1.9% 2.7% 1.2% 1.4% 2.4% 3.3% 0.8% 0.7% 0.2% --- -11.3% 47.0% 44.3% --22.3% -- 1.3% 1.3% 0.9% 1.6% 1.6% 2.1% 1.2% 2.5% 1.1% -0.5% 0.3% ---5.9% ----- 1.3% 2.6% 3.0% 4.7% 1.6% 4.1% 4.5% 7.5% 1.1% -1.0% 0.5% --8.9% 17.8% ---0.0% 1.2% 0.6% 0.0% -3.0% 1.3% -0.0% -6.4% ------ -26.5% ---- 18.0% ----- 3.1% 2.9% 1.9% 3.6% 3.0% 4.6% 4.0% 3.9% 3.1% 5.8% 6.4% 7.1% 1.1% ------ -26.5% ----- 18.0% ------ 1 Per 100 students. 2 Includes contact involving any of the four tactics of Nonconsensual Sexual Contact. 3 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 230 Table A-15. Percent of Students Experienced Nonconsensual Sexual Touching by Gender, Year in School and Current Year or Since Enrolled in UH 1, 2 Community College Current Year 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year or higher Since Entering UH 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year or higher University Current Year Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior Since Entering UH Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior Graduate/Professional Current Year 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year or higher Since Entering UH 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year 6th year or higher TOTAL Female Male TGQN3 Decline 1.2% 1.6% 1.0% 1.4% 2.0% 1.3% 1.7% 1.9% 0.4% 1.5% -1.4% -11.3% --- ----- 1.8% 3.6% 4.9% 3.5% 2.7% 4.0% 6.3% 3.1% 0.7% 2.0% 1.0% 3.4% -18.9% 47.0% 29.5% --22.3% -- 7.1% 4.0% 3.4% 3.6% 8.7% 5.4% 4.5% 5.2% 3.7% 1.6% 1.5% 1.3% 28.7% 19.1% 8.9% 5.9% ---11.3% 7.3% 7.1% 8.2% 9.3% 9.5% 9.1% 11.4% 13.8% 3.7% 2.3% 2.4% 3.1% 28.7% 19.1% 26.6% 11.8% ---11.3% 3.1% 2.9% 0.9% -5.9% 2.3% 2.7% 2.9% --12.9% 3.6% 3.2% 1.6% 2.7% ---- -26.5% ----- 18.0% ------ 5.5% 8.1% 5.7% 12.5% 8.9% 9.2% 6.0% 11.7% 4.6% 14.5% 19.3% 10.7% 4.3% 1.6% 8.1% 9.3% -8.1% -26.5% ----- 18.0% ------ 1 Per 100 students. 2 Includes contact involving any of the four tactics 3 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 231 Table A-16: Physical Outcomes among Students Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration All UH Campuses UH Mānoa UH Hilo UH West O‘ahu UH Community Colleges 151 76 12 4 59 20.8% 15.6% 20.5% 16.0% S1 S S S 24.0% 17.4% 3.8% 4.9% S S 2.5% 2.4% 1.7% S S 4.1% Number of Students Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration Physical Outcome (NET) Physically injured Contracted a sexually transmitted disease Became pregnant 1 Data is suppressed due to small sample. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 232 Table A-17. Percent of Students Experienced Harassment, Dating and Domestic Violence and Stalking that Reported an Incident to a Program, Reasons Why Students Did Not Report and Whether Students Reported it to Someone Else1 Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Contacted at least one program of UH Female Male TGQN Decline to State Did not contact any programs2 Did not know where to go or who to tell Felt embarrassed, ashamed, or that it would be too emotionally difficult I did not think anyone would believe me I did not think it was serious enough to report I did not want the person to get into trouble I feared negative social consequences I did not think anything would be done I feared it would not be kept confidential Incident was not on campus or associated with the school Incident did not occur while attending school I had a negative experience with the campus program Other Reason Who else did you tell?2 Friend Family member Faculty or instructor Someone else I didn’t tell anyone (else) 585 22.7% 20.7% 27.1% 30.2% 30.9% Dating and Domestic Violence 952 12.1% 11.1% 14.2% 19.7% 7.5% 27.8% 17.6%* 26.0% 24.6% 23.4% 21.3% 13.0% 5.7%* 12.5% 64.7%* 48.9% 51.8% 17.9% 18.8% 12.5% 25.5%* 33.8%* 20.3%* 13.3% 14.6% 9.7% 18.0% 22.6% 13.4% 8.9% 33.7%* 15.5% 3.9% 11.0%* 4.1% 3.8% 1.5% 2.4% 14.0% 18.1% 20.8% 68.9% 33.1% 17.3% 19.5% 18.2% 63.7% 31.5% 5.2% 12.5% 27.1% 71.5% 35.2% 13.7% 18.2% 17.0% Harassment 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. 2 Mark all that apply survey item and percents can add up to more than 100%. 3 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 233 Stalking 609 17.3% 16.3% 18.5% 29.2% -- Table A-18. Percent of Students Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration that Reported an Incident to an UH Program, Reasons Why Students Did Not Report and Whether Students Reported it to Someone Else1 Survey Item Response Number of Survey Participants Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration Contacted at least one program of UH Number of Participants who contacted UH programs Female Male TGQN Decline to State Reasons for not contacting UH programs 2 Did not know where to go or who to tell Felt embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult I did not think anyone would believe me I did not think it was serious enough to report I did not want the person to get into trouble I feared negative social consequences I did not think anything would be done I feared it would not be kept confidential I heard the programs or services were not helpful Incident was not on campus or associated with the school Incident did not occur while attending school Other Who else did you tell?2 Friend Family member Faculty or instructor Someone else I didn’t tell anyone (else) UH UH West Community O‘ahu Colleges All UH Campuses UH Mānoa UH Hilo 164 83 12 5 64 16.6% 20.4% S3 S 10.6% 27 17 4 -- 7 83.5% 3.4% 13.1% -- 88.6% -11.4% -- S S S S S S S S S S S S 27.1% 28.4% S S 24.9% 44.5% 40.2% S S 46.4% 19.1% 14.3% S S 24.1% 43.3% 43.9% S S 37.1% 24.9% 23.7% S S 27.5% 28.5% 25.6% S S 33.9% 21.7% 26.1% S S 13.6% 17.3% 15.8% S S 20.3% 1.0% 2.0% S S -- 37.8% 28.7% S S 47.9%* 10.3% 4.4% S S 19.8%* 14.8% 18.4% S S 13.5% 68.6% 28.6% 7.3% 11.8% 26.6% 76.4% 28.7% 8.5% 9.2% 20.9% S S S S S S S S S S 59.5% 22.0% 6.3% 16.3% 34.3% 1 Unless otherwise indicated, estimates are for incidents reported anytime while enrolled at UH. 2 Mark all that apply survey item and percents can add up to more than 100% 3 Data is suppressed due to small sample. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 234 Table A-19: Reasons for Not Contacting Any UH Programs among Students Experienced Nonconsensual Penetration Number of Survey Participants Did Not Contact Any Program Reasons for not contacting UH programs Did not know where to go or who to tell Felt embarrassed, ashamed or that it would be too emotionally difficult I did not think anyone would believe me I did not think it was serious enough to report I did not want the person to get into trouble I feared negative social consequences I did not think anything would be done I feared it would not be kept confidential I heard the programs or services were not helpful Incident was not on campus or associated with the school Incident did not occur while attending school Other Total Physical Force (Completed & Attempted) Incapacitation Coercion Absence of Affirmative Consent 165 56 67 21 93 83.4% 79.1% 81.3% 79.7% 86.9% 27.1% 27.3% 31.6% 37.1% 27.5% 44.5% 53.8% 50.0% 64.4% 48.9% 19.1% 22.6% 20.2% 21.9% 19.7% 43.3% 37.8% 41.3% 51.7% 43.5% 24.9% 26.1% 26.8% 49.0% 23.8% 28.5% 33.8% 32.6% 47.1% 29.6% 21.7% 37.4%* 16.2% 65.8%* 23.6% 17.3% 24.6% 20.5% 31.2% 18.9% 1.0% -- -- 4.6% 1.7% 37.8% 44.1% 32.9%* 50.4% 49.7% 10.3% 21.5% 14.9% 9.6% 16.6% 14.8% 10.2% 15.0% 5.9% 14.6% 1. * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 235 Table A-20. Perceptions of Responses to Reporting Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct to an Official by Gender If you were to report sexual assault or sexual misconduct to an official, how likely is it that... Number of Survey Participants I1. Campus officials would believe you? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I2. Campus officials would treat you sensitively and respectfully Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I3. Campus officials would protect your privacy? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I4. Campus official would protect the safety of the person making the report. Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I5. Campus officials would be competent to advice on a range of options… Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I6. Campus officials would conduct a fair investigation. Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know All UH Campuses Female Male TQGN1 Decline 6080 3492 2413 104 71 3.5% 5.8% 18.2% 29.6% 20.7% 22.3% 2.5% 5.5% 19.4%* 30.7%* 19.7% 22.2% 4.7%* 5.8% 16.0% 28.8%* 22.2%* 22.4% 5.9% 13.4%* 20.8% 20.3% 20.3% 19.4% 5.6% 10.2% 31.0%* 15.3% 15.5% 22.5% 3.2% 5.5% 16.4% 31.4% 22.3% 21.2% 2.4%* 5.4% 17.9% 31.8%* 21.5% 21.0% 4.2% 5.4% 13.6%* 31.4% 24.0% 21.4% 7.7% 8.8% 21.3% 25.8% 16.3% 20.0% 2.6% 8.2% 29.8% 20.7% 16.0% 22.7% 3.2% 5.2% 16.5% 29.3% 24.1% 21.7% 2.9% 5.3% 18.1% 28.7% 23.0%* 22.0% 3.5% 4.7% 13.9%* 30.2% 26.3%* 21.3% 5.9% 8.9% 18.7% 27.5% 21.2% 17.8% 3.9% 13.3% 24.4% 26.3% 10.8% 21.3% 3.6% 5.6% 18.2% 27.9% 23.8% 21.0% 2.9%* 5.8% 19.9%* 27.3%* 23.0%* 21.0% 4.3% 4.6% 15.3% 29.6%* 25.3%* 20.8% 6.9% 10.4% 23.3% 19.7% 23.0% 16.8% 5.0% 15.4%* 24.5% 11.8% 13.2% 30.1% 3.2% 6.1% 20.3% 29.6% 19.0% 21.8% 2.8% 6.6%* 20.6% 29.5% 18.7% 21.8% 3.6% 5.2% 19.7% 29.9% 19.4% 22.1% 6.5% 8.1% 19.9% 30.0% 20.5% 15.0% 7.0% 7.4% 23.9% 22.7% 12.0% 27.0% 4.1% 6.4% 21.1% 26.1% 16.5% 25.8% 3.7% 6.9%* 22.9%* 24.5% 15.6% 26.4% 4.4% 5.3% 18.5% 29.1%* 17.9%* 24.7% 9.2% 13.5%* 21.1% 16.5% 19.9% 19.8% 5.1% 8.2% 21.0% 15.0% 11.9% 38.9% 1. TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2. * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 236 Table A-20. Perceptions of Responses to Reporting Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct to an Official by Gender (Cont.) If you were to report sexual assault or sexual misconduct to an official, how likely is it that... Number of Survey Participants I7. Campus officials would take action against the offender(s). Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I8. The alleged offender(s) or their associates would retaliate against the person making the report Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I9. You will consider reporting to UH faculty members based on recent law change? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know All UH Campuses 6080 Female 3492 Male 2413 TQGN1 104 Decline 71 5.2% 8.1% 21.5% 22.1% 16.1% 27.1% 5.0% 8.9%* 22.3% 21.9%* 13.9% 27.9% 5.0% 6.6% 20.5% 23.1%* 19.2%* 25.6% 13.2%* 12.5% 22.0% 8.6% 16.7% 26.9% 6.9% 10.1% 15.8% 16.7% 13.1% 37.3% 6.9% 10.0% 24.1% 15.7% 8.5% 34.9% 5.7% 10.1% 24.1% 15.5% 7.9% 36.7% 8.7%* 9.9% 24.1% 16.0% 8.8% 32.6% 10.2% 7.4% 23.4% 18.5% 19.3%* 21.1%* 5.6% 9.5% 22.5% 10.8% 6.4% 45.2% 6.8% 10.8% 23.3% 22.8% 17.6% 18.7% 7.3% 12.0%* 23.6% 21.4%* 17.2%* 18.4% 5.7%* 8.7% 22.7% 25.4%* 18.5%* 19.0% 14.7% 14.8% 24.7% 15.2% 18.1% 12.6% 11.1% 15.1% 24.8% 12.0% 8.7% 28.2%* 1. TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2. * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 237 Table A-21a. Perceptions of Responses to Reporting Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct to an Official by Gender and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants I1. Campus officials would believe you? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I2. Campus officials would treat you sensitively and respectfully Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I3. Campus officials would protect your privacy? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I4. Campus official would protect the safety of the person making the report. Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I5. Campus officials would be competent to advice on a range of options… Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know Community College 1794 Female University Undergraduate 1308 Grad/Prof 3.0% 5.3% 17.3% 28.4% 21.3%* 24.8%* 2.1% 6.3% 21.8%* 32.7%* 17.9% 19.3% 2.2% 4.0%* 20.9% 34.4% 18.2% 20.3% 2.4% 4.8% 15.4%* 30.5% 23.8%* 23.2%* 2.5% 6.1% 19.7% 34.1%* 19.6% 18.0% 2.0% 5.9% 23.3% 29.8% 17.6% 21.3% 2.8% 4.5% 15.1% 27.1% 26.3%* 24.1%* 3.0% 6.1%* 19.5%* 31.2%* 20.9%* 19.3% 3.3% 6.6% 26.7%* 27.8% 14.2% 21.4% 3.0% 4.7% 17.0% 25.9%* 26.4%* 23.0%* 2.7% 6.7%* 22.0%* 29.3% 20.5%* 18.7% 3.4% 8.5%* 26.2%* 26.6% 15.6% 19.8% 2.6% 6.0% 17.4% 28.5% 22.1%* 23.5%* 3.2% 7.0% 22.5%* 31.4% 15.8%* 20.1% 2.4% 8.7%* 28.9%* 27.9% 12.8% 19.3% 1 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 238 390 Table A-21a. Perceptions of Responses to Reporting Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct to an Official by Gender and Enrollment Status (Cont.) Number of Survey Participants I6. Campus officials would conduct a fair investigation. Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I7. Campus officials would take action against the offender(s). Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I8. The alleged offender(s) or their associates would retaliate against the person making the report Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I9. You will consider reporting to UH faculty members based on recent law change? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know Community College 1794 Female University Undergraduate 1308 Grad/Prof 3.6% 5.0% 20.0% 24.5% 18.6%* 28.4%* 4.0% 8.4%* 24.9%* 24.6% 13.4%* 24.7% 3.4% 10.7%* 29.8%* 24.1% 9.1% 22.9% 4.1% 6.6% 18.7% 22.9%* 17.7%* 29.9%* 5.6%* 10.0%* 25.7%* 21.9%* 11.1%* 25.6% 7.3%* 15.9%* 27.3%* 17.5% 6.1% 25.9% 6.8%* 8.8% 22.3% 13.8% 8.1% 40.2%* 4.9%* 11.7%* 25.9%* 16.4%* 7.3% 33.8% 3.2% 10.6% 26.5%* 20.1%* 9.4% 30.4% 6.4% 9.2% 21.9% 20.6% 20.5%* 21.3%* 7.9% 14.8%* 25.8%* 22.0% 13.9% 15.6% 9.3%* 16.1%* 24.3% 23.1% 12.5% 14.5% 1 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 239 390 Table A-21b. Perceptions of Responses to Reporting Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct to an Official by Gender and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants I1. Campus officials would believe you? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I2. Campus officials would treat you sensitively and respectfully Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I3. Campus officials would protect your privacy? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I4. Campus official would protect the safety of the person making the report. Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I5. Campus officials would be competent to advice on a range of options… Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know Community College 1288 Male University Undergraduate 879 Grad/Prof 4.8% 5.4% 13.6% 27.8% 24.2%* 24.3%* 4.9% 5.6% 19.6%* 30.2% 18.9% 20.8% 4.1% 8.5% 15.6% 29.3% 23.9% 18.5% 4.2% 5.3% 10.5% 30.5% 26.4%* 23.2% 4.4% 5.0% 18.3%* 32.3% 20.3% 19.8% 3.2% 7.8% 12.8% 33.4% 24.8% 18.0% 3.5% 4.7% 12.6% 28.6% 28.0% 22.6% 3.6% 4.6% 15.5% 32.5% 23.8% 20.0% 3.6% 5.2% 14.9% 30.5% 26.3% 19.5% 3.8% 4.8% 13.8% 27.3% 27.4%* 22.9%* 5.2% 3.7% 17.1% 33.2%* 22.2% 18.6% 3.9% 7.2%* 16.6% 29.2% 25.4% 17.7% 3.4% 3.8% 17.8% 30.0% 21.9%* 23.1% 3.6% 6.2%* 22.5%* 30.1% 16.3% 21.3% 4.6% 9.0%* 20.5% 28.7% 17.6% 19.7% 1 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 240 247 Table A-21b. Perceptions of Responses to Reporting Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct to an Official by Gender and Enrollment Status (Cont.) Number of Survey Participants I6. Campus officials would conduct a fair investigation. Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I7. Campus officials would take action against the offender(s). Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I8. The alleged offender(s) or their associates would retaliate against the person making the report Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I9. You will consider reporting to UH faculty members based on recent law change? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know Community College 1288 Male University Undergraduate 879 Grad/Prof 4.5% 3.4% 15.5% 30.2%* 20.9%* 25.5% 4.0% 7.3%* 21.3%* 29.1% 14.6% 23.7% 5.7% 8.5%* 24.4%* 23.8% 13.5% 24.2% 4.4% 5.1% 16.9% 23.6% 23.2%* 26.8% 5.1% 7.9%* 24.8%* 23.6% 14.3% 24.3% 7.4% 10.1%* 23.5%* 18.7% 16.3% 24.1% 7.8% 8.1% 22.3% 16.5% 10.7%* 34.5% 10.2% 11.8%* 26.4% 15.0% 5.8% 30.8% 7.6% 12.3% 24.9% 16.7% 9.9%* 28.6% 4.9% 6.0% 20.0% 25.3% 23.3%* 20.5% 6.5% 10.8%* 27.0%* 24.8% 13.1% 17.9% 7.1% 15.2%* 21.8% 27.3% 13.1% 15.5% 1 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 241 247 Table A-21c. Perceptions of Responses to Reporting Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct to an Official by Gender and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants I1. Campus officials would believe you? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I2. Campus officials would treat you sensitively and respectfully Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I3. Campus officials would protect your privacy? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I4. Campus official would protect the safety of the person making the report. Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I5. Campus officials would be competent to advice on a range of options… Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know Community College 52 TGQN1 University Undergraduate 40 Grad/Prof 5.2% 14.2% 16.6% 14.0% 26.9% 23.2% 7.1% 11.8% 30.5%* 24.0% 10.5% 16.2% S2 S S S S S 8.9% 2.7% 12.0% 29.2% 25.3%* 21.9% 7.1% 17.0%* 34.3%* 17.6% 4.3% 19.7% S S S S S S 5.2% 3.7% 10.6% 29.5% 31.5%* 19.5% 7.2% 17.3% 26.9% 24.9% 9.2% 14.6% S S S S S S 8.9% 2.7% 14.7% 19.2% 35.1%* 19.5% 5.2% 18.7%* 32.1% 22.6% 7.2% 14.3% S S S S S S 5.2% 12.7% 15.5% 18.9% 32.3%* 15.4% 10.4% 3.3% 20.7% 45.3%* 5.3% 15.0% S S S S S S 13 1 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2 Data is suppressed due to small sample. 3 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 242 Table A-21c. Perceptions of Responses to Reporting Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct to an Official by Gender and Enrollment Status (Cont.) Number of Survey Participants I6. Campus officials would conduct a fair investigation. Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I7. Campus officials would take action against the offender(s). Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I8. The alleged offender(s) or their associates would retaliate against the person making the report Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I9. You will consider reporting to UH faculty members based on recent law change? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know Community College 52 TGQN1 University Undergraduate 40 Grad/Prof 8.9% 8.7% 8.7% 16.8% 31.6%* 25.3% 10.0% 15.3% 39.0%* 15.8% 5.3% 14.6% S2 S S S S S 10.9% 6.7% 9.4% 13.1% 27.2%* 32.7% 16.6% 16.9% 39.2% 3.4% 4.0% 20.0% S S S S S S 14.1% 2.6% 24.4% 15.3% 23.1% 20.5% 8.5% 11.1% 22.9% 24.1% 14.9% 18.6% S S S S S S 9.8% 15.3% 26.6% 8.3% 30.2%* 9.7% 20.9% 17.5% 23.3% 19.5% 6.7% 12.1% S S S S S S 13 1 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2. Data is suppressed due to small sample. 3 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 243 Table A-21d. Perceptions of Responses to Reporting Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct to an Official by Gender and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants I1. Campus officials would believe you? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I2. Campus officials would treat you sensitively and respectfully Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I3. Campus officials would protect your privacy? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I4. Campus official would protect the safety of the person making the report. Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I5. Campus officials would be competent to advice on a range of options… Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know Community College 34 Decline University Undergraduate 24 Grad/Prof 9.6% 11.7% 31.3% 8.6% 15.4% 23.5% 3.2% 10.3% 30.9% 19.5% 14.6% 21.6% S1 S S S S S 5.4% 6.4% 34.0% 18.4% 15.4% 20.3% -11.9% 16.4% 29.2% 19.6% 22.9% S S S S S S 8.4% 12.3% 21.8% 25.0% 11.1% 21.5% -15.4% 24.3% 28.6% 14.6% 17.1% S S S S S S 10.5% 13.3% 24.2% 10.8% 11.1% 30.2% -17.1% 24.5% 13.7% 17.3% 27.4% S S S S S S 9.6% 9.9% 28.8% 11.8% 9.1% 30.9% 7.4% 4.5% 13.7% 36.1%* 17.1% 21.1% S S S S S S 1 Data is suppressed due to small sample. 2 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 244 13 Table A-21d. Perceptions of Responses to Reporting Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct to an Official by Gender and Enrollment Status (Cont.) Number of Survey Participants I6. Campus officials would conduct a fair investigation. Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I7. Campus officials would take action against the offender(s). Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I8. The alleged offender(s) or their associates would retaliate against the person making the report Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know I9. You will consider reporting to UH faculty members based on recent law change? Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Don’t Know Community College 34 Decline University Undergraduate 24 Grad/Prof 5.4% 14.0% 14.6% 14.6% 11.1% 40.3% 7.4% 4.5% 24.5% 9.1% 15.2% 39.3% S1 S S S S S 5.4% 12.3% 14.3% 19.6% 15.4% 33.0% 12.8% 9.8% 13.1% 13.1% 12.7% 38.5% S S S S S S 10.1% 6.0% 20.1% 16.0% 2.5% 45.3% 2.9% 13.0% 30.8% 2.9% 15.0% 35.4% S S S S S S 5.6% 20.6% 24.9% 12.2% 9.4% 27.3% 16.3% 7.9% 23.3% 8.5% 12.7% 31.3% S S S S S S 1 Data is suppressed due to small sample. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 245 13 Table A-22a. Knowledge and Perceptions about Resources Related to Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct by Gender and Enrollment Status All UH Campuses Community College Number of Survey Participants Female University Undergraduate Grad/Prof 6308 1877 1348 402 C2a. How knowledgeable are you about how sexual assault and sexual harassment are defined at UH? Not at all 16.8% 18.5%* 16.5% 14.1% A little 21.0% 21.1% 25.4%* 22.7% Somewhat 31.9% 30.0% 31.5% 33.3% Very 21.7% 22.7% 19.3%* 23.6% Extremely 8.5% 7.7% 7.3% 6.3% C2b. How knowledgeable are you about where to get help at UH if you or someone else experienced sexual assault or sexual harassment? Not at all 20.5% 24.8% 19.2% 14.2%* A little 21.1% 20.1% 22.9%* 19.8% Somewhat 28.9% 26.5% 30.5%* 32.6%* Very 19.8% 19.7% 18.8% 24.3%* Extremely 9.7% 8.9% 8.5% 9.0% C2c. How knowledgeable are you about where to make a report of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all 26.8% 31.7%* 30.4%* 21.3% A little 19.7% 18.6% 21.5%* 20.0% Somewhat 26.5% 24.0% 26.2% 29.9%* Very 17.6% 16.8% 14.4% 20.3%* Extremely 9.3% 8.8% 7.5% 8.6% C2d. How knowledgeable are you about what happens when a student reports an incident of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all 37.0% 41.5% 40.6%* 31.7% A little 22.2% 20.2% 22.9% 25.7%* Somewhat 24.5% 23.2% 21.4% 27.0%* Very 10.7% 9.8% 10.5% 10.7% Extremely 5.6% 5.3% 4.6% 4.9% C2e. How knowledgeable are you about student’s rights when a student reports an incident of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all 32.3% 36.0%* 35.3%* 26.2% A little 22.8% 21.2%* 24.4% 24.8% Somewhat 25.6% 24.6% 23.5% 29.7%* Very 12.7% 11.8% 11.8% 13.9% Extremely 6.6% 6.4% 5.0% 5.5% H. Initial UH orientation included information about sexual assault or sexual harassment and how useful was it? Yes 27.9% 25.0% 22.2% 40.2%* Not at all 3.2% 3.5% 2.7% -A little 14.9% 14.4%* 19.9%* 3.8% Somewhat 31.3% 30.4% 24.8% 41.2%* Very 38.7% 37.7% 45.0% 47.4% Extremely 11.9% 14.0% 7.6% 7.7% No 14.1% 15.8% 12.9% 13.4% I didn’t attend orientation 31.9% 27.8% 43.2%* 30.9% I don’t remember 26.1% 31.4%* 21.7% 15.5% 1. * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 246 Table A-22b. Knowledge and Perceptions about Resources Related to Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct by Gender and Enrollment Status Male All UH Community University Campuses Grad/Prof College Undergraduate Number of Survey Participants 6308 1330 912 250 C2a. How knowledgeable are you about how sexual assault and sexual harassment are defined at UH? Not at all 16.8% 17.4%* 15.8% 12.0% A little 21.0% 17.5% 20.8% 19.0% Somewhat 31.9% 31.7% 34.8% 36.4% Very 21.7% 21.5% 21.3% 24.0% Extremely 8.5% 11.9%* 7.3% 8.5% C2b. How knowledgeable are you about where to get help at UH if you or someone else experienced sexual assault or sexual harassment? Not at all 20.5% 20.0% 19.3% 12.8%* A little 21.1% 20.8% 22.2% 19.7% Somewhat 28.9% 28.6% 31.1% 30.1% Very 19.8% 18.4% 19.0% 26.0%* Extremely 9.7% 12.2%* 8.4% 11.4% C2c. How knowledgeable are you about where to make a report of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all 26.8% 23.2%* 22.0% 17.0% A little 19.7% 18.6% 21.1% 20.3% Somewhat 26.5% 27.4% 29.9% 27.0% Very 17.6% 17.6% 19.6% 25.5%* Extremely 9.3% 13.1%* 7.4% 10.2% C2d. How knowledgeable are you about what happens when a student reports an incident of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all 37.0% 34.6%* 32.6%* 22.5% A little 22.2% 22.4% 23.8% 24.8% Somewhat 24.5% 24.9% 28.4% 27.9% Very 10.7% 10.8% 11.0% 17.1%* Extremely 5.6% 7.4% 4.2% 7.7% C2e. How knowledgeable are you about student’s rights when a student reports an incident of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all 32.3% 29.3%* 29.7%* 21.9% A little 22.8% 22.8% 23.4% 24.9% Somewhat 25.6% 25.8% 27.5% 27.2% Very 12.7% 13.2% 13.4% 18.1% Extremely 6.6% 8.7%* 5.9% 7.9% H. Initial UH orientation included information about sexual assault or sexual harassment and how useful was it? Yes 27.9% 33.0% 27.0% 36.9% Not at all 3.2% 2.9% 5.1% -A little 14.9% 15.5% 13.1% 12.7% Somewhat 31.3% 31.7% 34.9% 35.2% Very 38.7% 36.4% 34.8% 44.2% Extremely 11.9% 13.6% 12.1% 8.0% No 14.1% 15.5%* 11.1% 5.4% I didn’t attend orientation 31.9% 24.0% 40.3%* 35.6% I don’t remember 26.1% 27.5% 21.6% 22.1% 1. * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 247 Table A-22c. Knowledge and Perceptions about Resources Related to Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct by Gender and Enrollment Status TGQN1 All UH Community University Campuses Grad/Prof College Undergraduate Number of Survey Participants 6308 59 40 14 C2a. How knowledgeable are you about how sexual assault and sexual harassment are defined at UH? Not at all 16.8% 16.4% 12.5% S2 A little 21.0% 5.2% 17.3% S Somewhat 31.9% 37.2% 32.3% S Very 21.7% 32.4% 25.7% S Extremely 8.5% 8.7% 12.2% S C2b. How knowledgeable are you about where to get help at UH if you or someone else experienced sexual assault or sexual harassment? Not at all 20.5% 19.0% 18.0% S A little 21.1% 20.7% 16.5% S Somewhat 28.9% 26.2% 27.3% S Very 19.8% 17.1% 27.6% S Extremely 9.7% 17.0% 10.6% S C2c. How knowledgeable are you about where to make a report of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all 26.8% 25.7% 29.3% S A little 19.7% 19.8% 19.5% S Somewhat 26.5% 27.5% 23.6% S Very 17.6% 19.6% 18.4% S Extremely 9.3% 7.4% 9.2% S C2d. How knowledgeable are you about what happens when a student reports an incident of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all 37.0% 34.3%* 47.1%* S A little 22.2% 13.0% 19.6% S Somewhat 24.5% 35.8% 16.1% S Very 10.7% 10.1% 9.8% S Extremely 5.6% 6.8% 7.5% S C2e. How knowledgeable are you about student’s rights when a student reports an incident of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all 32.3% 32.4% 46.8%* S A little 22.8% 15.3% 18.6% S Somewhat 25.6% 30.9% 20.2% S Very 12.7% 15.7% 12.8% S Extremely 6.6% 5.6% 1.5% S H. Initial UH orientation included information about sexual assault or sexual harassment and how useful was it? Yes 27.9% 19.9% 27.3% S Not at all 3.2% -38.7% S A little 14.9% --S Somewhat 31.3% 52.8% 32.3% S Very 38.7% -29.0% S Extremely 11.9% 47.2% -S No 14.1% 23.9% 12.3% S I didn’t attend orientation 31.9% 19.3% 34.3% S I don’t remember 26.1% 36.9% 26.1% S 1.TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2 Data is suppressed due to small sample. 3. * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 248 Table A-22d. Knowledge and Perceptions About Resources Related to Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct by Gender and Enrollment Status Decline All UH Community University Campuses Grad/Prof College Undergraduate Number of Survey Participants 6308 38 25 13 C2a. How knowledgeable are you about how sexual assault and sexual harassment are defined at UH? Not at all 16.8% 19.7% 18.1% S1 A little 21.0% 11.4% 30.7% S Somewhat 31.9% 38.0% 18.4% S Very 21.7% 28.7% 3.5%* S Extremely 8.5% 2.2% 29.4%* S C2b. How knowledgeable are you about where to get help at UH if you or someone else experienced sexual assault or sexual harassment? Not at all 20.5% 27.9% 16.3% S A little 21.1% 18.8% 18.4% S Somewhat 28.9% 22.7% 18.7% S Very 19.8% 26.4% 27.6% S Extremely 9.7% 4.2% 19.0% S C2c. How knowledgeable are you about where to make a report of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all 26.8% 41.7%* 24.4% S A little 19.7% 8.7% 10.4% S Somewhat 26.5% 14.6% 31.3% S Very 17.6% 18.6% 23.2% S Extremely 9.3% 16.4% 10.8% S C2d. How knowledgeable are you about what happens when a student reports an incident of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all 37.0% 54.5%* 26.8% S A little 22.2% 6.4% 20.9% S Somewhat 24.5% 22.5% 32.6% S Very 10.7% 6.7% 8.8% S Extremely 5.6% 9.9% 10.8% S C2e. How knowledgeable are you about student’s rights when a student reports an incident of sexual assault or sexual harassment at UH? Not at all 32.3% 42.7%* 30.3% S A little 22.8% 11.8% 9.6% S Somewhat 25.6% 28.9% 40.5% S Very 12.7% 6.7% 8.8% S Extremely 6.6% 9.9% 10.8% S H. Initial UH orientation included information about sexual assault or sexual harassment and how useful was it? Yes 27.9% 16.1% 63.3%* S Not at all 3.2% --S A little 14.9% -19.6% S Somewhat 31.3% -46.2% S Very 38.7% 100.0% 23.6% S Extremely 11.9% -10.6% S No 14.1% 10.7% -S I didn’t attend orientation 31.9% 33.8% 7.9% S I don’t remember 26.1% 39.5% 28.8% S 1 Data is suppressed due to small sample. 2. * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 249 Table A-23a. Perceptions Related to Sexual Assault or Sexual Harassment by Gender All UH Campuses Female Male TGQN1 Decline Number of Survey Participants 6308 3627 2492 113 76 Sexual assault or sexual harassment a problem at university Not at all 30.3% 28.0% 34.0%* 20.8% 34.4% A little 27.2% 26.8% 28.2% 26.5% 12.7%* Somewhat 27.8% 29.8% 24.8%* 28.9% 30.2% Very 9.7% 10.5% 8.3%* 8.0% 15.3% Extremely 5.0% 4.8% 4.7% 15.8%* 7.4% Likelihood of experiencing sexual assault or sexual harassment on campus Not at all 59.3% 48.4% 76.5%* 36.4% 51.1% A little 26.0% 31.9%* 17.1% 41.6%* 15.6% Somewhat 11.3% 15.9% 4.2%* 13.3% 22.8% Very 2.4% 2.9% 1.5%* 4.3% 2.5% Extremely 1.0% 0.9% 0.7%* 4.4% 8.0% Likelihood of experiencing sexual assault or sexual harassment off campus at universitysponsored events Not at all 48.4% 37.4% 65.2%* 33.3% 47.2% A little 27.8% 31.2% 22.6%* 38.7% 19.3%* Somewhat 17.1% 22.7% 8.7%* 18.4% 26.0% Very 5.2% 6.9% 2.5%* 7.3% 6.6% Extremely 1.4% 1.7% 1.0%* 2.3% 0.9% 1. TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2. * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 250 Table A-23b. Perceptions Related to Sexual Assault or Sexual Harassment by Sexual Orientation All UH Campuses Hetero Number of Survey Participants 6308 5183 Sexual assault or sexual misconduct a problem at university 30.3% Not at all 30.8% 27.2% A little 27.1% 27.8% Somewhat 28.1% 9.7% Very 9.4% 5.0% Extremely 4.6% LGBN1 Decline 973 130 27.9% 28.0% 26.7% 10.8% 6.6%* 28.8% 24.5% 24.8% 13.3% 8.6% Likelihood of experiencing sexual assault or sexual misconduct on campus 59.3% Not at all 61.8%* 47.0% 50.8% 26.0% A little 24.6% 33.7%* 28.4% 11.3% Somewhat 10.9% 13.4% 13.7% 2.4% Very 2.1% 3.7%* 3.6% 1.0% Extremely 0.7% 2.0%* 3.4% Likelihood of experiencing sexual assault or sexual misconduct off campus at universitysponsored events 48.4% Not at all 50.2% 38.2%* 51.8% 27.8% A little 27.3% 31.7% 17.7%* 17.1% Somewhat 16.6% 19.7%* 21.7% 5.2% Very 4.8% 7.1%* 8.3% 1.4% Extremely 1.1% 3.4%* 0.5% 1 LGBN = Gay or lesbian, Bisexual, Asexual, Questioning, Not listed. 2 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 251 Table A-23c. Perceptions Related to Sexual Assault or Sexual Harassment by Ethnicity All UH Campuses Caucasian Hawaiian Japanese Filipino Other Number of Survey Participants 6308 1135 1345 422 745 2503 Sexual assault or sexual misconduct a problem at university 30.3% 28.9% 33.8% 19.0%* 31.0% 30.2% Not at all 27.2% 32.1%* 25.7% 29.6%* 23.4% 27.4%* A little 27.8% 28.2% 26.5% 36.9%* 25.9% 27.7% Somewhat 9.7% 8.3% 9.5% 9.7% 11.8%* 9.5% Very 5.0% 2.4% 4.5% 4.8% 7.9%* 5.2% Extremely Likelihood of experiencing sexual assault or sexual misconduct on campus 59.3% Not at all 57.7% 64.6%* 59.3% 56.9% 57.6% 26.0% A little 27.3%* 23.4% 23.9% 26.3% 27.7%* 11.3% Somewhat 11.7% 9.7% 12.6% 12.5% 11.4% 2.4% Very 2.4% 1.8% 2.6% 3.1% 2.3% 1.0% Extremely 0.9% 0.6% 1.5% 1.1% 1.0% Likelihood of experiencing sexual assault or sexual misconduct off campus at universitysponsored events 48.4% Not at all 50.3%* 51.9%* 47.7% 43.3% 47.0% 27.8% A little 28.1% 27.0% 27.0% 28.9% 28.4% 17.1% Somewhat 16.4% 15.3% 18.5% 17.7% 18.1%* 5.2% Very 3.9% 5.0% 4.7% 7.3%* 5.1% 1.4% Extremely 1.2% 0.7% 2.1% 2.9%* 1.3% 1. * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 252 Table A-24a. Perceptions Related to Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct by Gender and Enrollment Status Female Community College Number of Survey Participants 1877 Sexual assault or sexual misconduct a problem at university Not at all 36.1%* A little 26.4% Somewhat 23.9% Very 8.3% Extremely 5.3% Likelihood of experiencing sexual assault or sexual misconduct on campus Not at all 57.7%* A little 27.1% Somewhat 12.2% Very 2.0% Extremely 1.0% Likelihood of experiencing sexual assault or sexual misconduct off campus at university-sponsored events Not at all 46.5%* A little 28.3% Somewhat 18.3% Very 5.0% Extremely 1.9% 1. * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 253 University Undergraduate Grad/Prof 1348 402 22.1% 27.1% 34.5%* 11.8%* 4.4% 10.1% 28.1% 41.4%* 16.5%* 4.0% 40.6%* 35.9%* 18.7%* 4.1%* 0.7% 30.7% 40.8%* 23.7%* 3.3% 1.6% 28.3% 33.3%* 26.7%* 10.0%* 1.7% 25.1% 37.8%* 30.4%* 5.7% 1.0% Table A-24b. Perceptions Related to Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct by Gender and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants Sexual assault or sexual misconduct a problem at university Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Likelihood of experiencing sexual assault or sexual misconduct on campus Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Likelihood of experiencing sexual assault or sexual misconduct off campus at universitysponsored events Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Community College 1330 Male University Undergraduate 912 Grad/Prof 43.6%* 25.1% 19.7% 6.7% 4.9%* 24.0% 31.0%* 30.6%* 9.5%* 4.9%* 19.4% 34.7%* 30.6%* 12.9%* 2.5% 79.9%* 15.3% 3.3% 1.0% 0.5% 72.3% 19.0% 5.9%* 1.9% 0.9% 74.1% 19.6% 3.1% 2.5% 0.7% 68.2%* 22.3% 6.8% 1.8% 0.8% 60.5% 23.0% 11.7%* 3.5%* 1.3% 66.0% 22.4% 7.7% 2.8% 1.1% 1 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 254 250 Table A-24c. Perceptions Related to Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct by Gender and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants Sexual assault or sexual misconduct a problem at university Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Likelihood of experiencing sexual assault or sexual misconduct on campus Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Likelihood of experiencing sexual assault or sexual misconduct off campus at universitysponsored events Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Community College 59 TGQN1 University Undergraduate 40 Grad/Prof 27.9% 31.2% 20.7% 5.2% 15.0% 11.2% 21.3% 40.9% 8.7% 17.9% S2 S S S S 39.8% 49.1% 11.1% --- 25.0% 36.8% 16.6% 9.4% 12.2% S S S S S 38.2% 44.5% 10.8% 6.4% -- 24.4% 29.6% 28.6%* 11.1% 6.3% S S S S S 14 1 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2 3 Data is suppressed due to small sample. * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 255 Table A-24d. Perceptions Related to Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct by Gender and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants Sexual assault or sexual misconduct a problem at university Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Likelihood of experiencing sexual assault or sexual misconduct on campus Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Likelihood of experiencing sexual assault or sexual misconduct off campus at universitysponsored events Not at all A little Somewhat Very Extremely Community College 38 Decline University Undergraduate 25 Grad/Prof 38.3% 13.0% 25.4% 16.5% 6.8% 29.5% 12.1% 24.3% 21.7% 12.3% S1 S S S S 63.5% 8.0% 17.4% 3.1% 7.9% 37.4% 20.5% 29.8% -12.3% S S S S S 58.8%* 8.0% 26.8% 6.4% -- 29.7% 34.6%* 22.4% 10.5% 2.8% S S S S S 1 Data is suppressed due to small sample. 2 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 256 13 Table A-25. Bystander Intervention Upon Witnessing Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct by Gender Number of Survey Participants Have you been in any of the following situations? If so, what did you do? Suspected a friend was sexually assaulted Yes Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Reported anonymously Encouraged victim to seek help Checked website of UH and other resources Sought help for victim from confidential recourses on campus Sought help for victim from confidential recourses off-campus Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way No Witnessed drunk person heading for sexual encounter Yes Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Directly intervened to stop it Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way No Witnessed someone acting in sexually violent or harassing manner Yes Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Directly intervened to stop it Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way No All UH Campuses 5996 Female Male TGQN1 Decline 3447 2380 102 67 8.9% 9.5% 7.1% 30.2%* 8.7% 10.9% 10.5% 11.8% 12.2% -- 2.7% 2.7% 2.7% 2.4% -- 12.1% 5.9% 58.5% 13.4% 4.5% 60.3% 11.7% 9.9% 52.3% 2.6% -72.8% --59.5% 7.4% 7.9% 7.5% 2.3% -- 11.0% 9.6%* 15.6%* 2.3% -- 11.0% 10.9% 13.8% -- -- 14.1% 19.4% 91.1% 13.5% 16.5% 90.5% 14.9% 24.2% 92.9% 12.8% 23.2% 69.8%* 29.4% 23.1% 91.3% 10.7% 10.7% 10.4% 15.5% 13.2% 21.8% 24.4% 19.2% -- 28.6% 3.2% 3.7% 1.5% 14.8% 11.0% 24.7% 23.3% 7.2% 18.9% 89.3% 20.2% 28.5%* 7.0% 15.6% 89.3% 30.9%* 16.8% 6.2% 24.3%* 89.6% 28.7% 13.1% 19.8% 23.7% 84.5% 33.4% 7.8% 19.3% -86.8% 9.7% 10.0% 8.9% 14.0% 17.0% 21.8% 26.4%* 15.3% 20.6% 6.4% 7.9% 8.3% 5.8% 19.1% 22.8% 26.6% 17.5% 9.8% 15.7% 90.3% 22.1% 17.4% 11.2% 14.2% 90.0% 33.9%* 18.2% 8.1% 17.4% 91.1% 25.5% 11.2% -23.6% 86.0% 26.7% 13.2% 11.2% 19.7% 83.0% 1 TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 257 Table A-26a. Bystander Intervention Upon Witnessing Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct by Gender and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants Have you been in any of the following situations? If so, what did you do? Suspected a friend was sexually assaulted Yes Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Reported anonymously Encouraged victim to seek help Checked website of UH and other resources Sought help for victim from confidential recourses on campus Sought help for victim from confidential recourses off-campus Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way No Witnessed drunk person heading for sexual encounter Yes Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Directly intervened to stop it Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way No Witnessed someone acting in sexually violent or harassing manner Yes Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Directly intervened to stop it Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way No Community College 1768 Female University Undergraduate 1294 Grad/Prof 5.4% 14.0% 14.0%* 9.2% 13.6%* 8.7% 3.9% 1.3% 5.5% 17.7%* 8.4% 47.6% 5.7% 13.2%* 2.3% 63.8%* 7.6% 6.6% 5.3% 71.3% 12.8% 4.9% 10.8% 13.7%* 11.7% 11.0% 9.0% 13.2% 13.3% 94.6%* 14.3% 17.9% 86.0% 11.2% 17.1% 86.4% 5.5%* 22.8% 16.6% 23.7% 14.8% 29.7% 6.3% 3.5% -- 20.4% 27.4% 6.5% 16.6% 94.5%* 19.8% 29.6% 7.0% 15.8% 83.4% 21.4% 26.5% 7.7% 12.9% 85.2% 5.8%* 30.8% 14.60% 25.5% 14.20% 21.4% 6.4% 9.7% 7.1% 20.8% 15.8% 6.2%* 20.1% 94.2%* 21.4% 18.9% 12.2% 11.7% 85.4% 27.1% 15.6% 16.9% 11.9% 85.8% 1 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 258 385 Table A-26b. Bystander Intervention Upon Witnessing Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct by Gender and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants Have you been in any of the following situations? If so, what did you do? Suspected a friend was sexually assaulted Yes Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Reported anonymously Encouraged victim to seek help Checked website of UH and other resources Sought help for victim from confidential recourses on campus Sought help for victim from confidential recourses off-campus Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way No Witnessed drunk person heading for sexual encounter Yes Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Directly intervened to stop it Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way No Witnessed someone acting in sexually violent or harassing manner Yes Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Directly intervened to stop it Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way No Community College 1271 Male University Undergraduate 864 Grad/Prof 5.1% 9.8% 9.7%* 11.6% 8.4% 18.6% 2.6% 3.4% -- 9.0% 21.1%* 61.4% 3.0% 15.7% 1.4% 45.0% 9.8% 4.5% 8.7% 52.9% 12.2% 15.3% 13.0% 27.2% 22.4% 8.0% 9.9% 13.2% 20.6% 94.9%* 13.1% 25.8% 90.3% 27.3% 28.7% 91.6% 6.3%* 21.1% 14.7% 21.0% 16.3% 9.4%* -- 2.2% 2.0% 22.4% 17.1% 6.9% 32.5% 93.7%* 32.9% 17.0% 5.2% 19.5% 85.3% 41.7% 15.9% 8.2% 22.9% 83.7% 6.2%* 7.5% 11.30% 23.7%* 14.50% 9.6% 4.2% 6.4% 7.7% 46.1%* 21.2% 10.9% 10.0%* 93.8%* 25.2% 20.6% 2.8%* 18.5% 88.7% 30.6% 4.9%* 16.0% 31.2% 85.5% 1 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 259 245 Table A-26c. Bystander Intervention Upon Witnessing Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct by Gender and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants Have you been in any of the following situations? If so, what did you do? Suspected a friend was sexually assaulted Yes Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Reported anonymously Encouraged victim to seek help Checked website of UH and other resources Sought help for victim from confidential recourses on campus Sought help for victim from confidential recourses off-campus Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way No Witnessed drunk person heading for sexual encounter Yes Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Directly intervened to stop it Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way No Witnessed someone acting in sexually violent or harassing manner Yes Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Directly intervened to stop it Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way No Community College 50 TGQN1 University Undergraduate 40 Grad/Prof 27.5% -- 39.0%* 24.3% S2 S -- 4.9% S --87.3% -- 5.1% -57.2% 4.6% S S S S -- -- S -- -- S 8.7% 23.9% 72.5% 13.1% 20.1% 61.0% S S S 3.6%* 27.8% S S -- 21.2% S --100.0% 96.4% 41.0% 11.6% 12.0% 14.2% 72.2% S S S S S 8.7%* -- 24.80% 29.6% S S 34.8% 12.2% S -36.7% -28.4% 91.3% 36.7% --21.5% 75.2% S S S S S 12 1.TGQN = Transgender woman, Transgender man, Genderqueer, gender non-conforming, questioning, not listed. 2 Data is suppressed due to small sample. 3 * shows a statistically significant differences across subgroups. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 260 Table A-26d. Bystander Intervention Upon Witnessing Sexual Assault or Sexual Misconduct by Gender and Enrollment Status Number of Survey Participants Have you been in any of the following situations? If so, what did you do? Suspected a friend was sexually assaulted Yes Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Reported anonymously Encouraged victim to seek help Checked website of UH and other resources Sought help for victim from confidential recourses on campus Sought help for victim from confidential recourses off-campus Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way No Witnessed drunk person heading for sexual encounter Yes Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Directly intervened to stop it Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way No Witnessed someone acting in sexually violent or harassing manner Yes Did nothing because I wasn’t sure what to do Did nothing because I feared retaliation by the person who committed the assault or their family, friends, or colleagues Did nothing for another reason Directly intervened to stop it Spoke to someone else to seek help Took action in another way No Community College 33 Decline University Undergraduate 24 Grad/Prof 8.6% -- 5.8% -- S1 S -- -- S --100.0% -- --52.0% -- S S S S -- -- S -- -- S --91.4% -100.0% 94.2% S S S 9.9% 51.6% 11.4% -- S S -- -- S 48.4% ---90.1% 36.2% 26.2% 37.6% -88.6% S S S S S 17.8% -- 11.20% -- S S 28.2% -- S 30.0% 14.0% -27.8% 82.2% -26.7% 48.6% 24.7% 88.8% S S S S S 1 Data is suppressed due to small sample. UH Student Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Harassment and Gender-Based Violence 261 11