san Diego Grantrnakers Strengthening Philanthropy WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SEX TRAFFICKING IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY Overview of Human Sex Trafficking in San Diego County Presenter: Summer Stephan, Chief Deputy District Attorney email: summer.stephan@sdcda.org call: 619-531-4201 Bonnie Dumanis, San Diego County District Attorney 1 Why Should We Take Interest in Human Trafficking?  It is a violation of human rights  It is a violation of U.S. and CA law  It is a form of modern-day slavery where perpetrators profit from the sexual exploitation or forced labor of men, women and children  It is one of the most profitable criminal enterprises and difficult to detect 2 Common Misconceptions  It doesn’t happen in the US  Victims are all undocumented immigrants  If victims agree to trafficking conditions- there is no crime (“consent” to prostitution)  If victims are paid a certain amount, there is no crime  If victims are not physically restrained there is no crime 3 Scope of Problem Worldwide  U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, “…After drug dealing, human trafficking is tied with the illegal arms industry as the second largest criminal industry in the world today, and it is the fastest growing.…”  Approximately 27 million people held in slavery worldwide according to the United Nations 4 Scope of Problem  United States: Tier 1 country for HT Cases have been investigated in ALL 50 states  California : In the top 4 destination states for HT  San Diego: Top 13 cities for high intensity Prostitution 5 What is the Scope & Nature of the Problem in San Diego  the FBI identified the San Diego region as a High Intensity Child Prostitution Area  Channel 10 reported 2,500 runaways in San Diego at any given time—all vulnerable to sexual exploitation  1 in 3 runaway youth surveyed had been sexually exploited  1 in 5 runaway youth surveyed were approached to engage in acts of prostitution 6 High Intensity Child Prostitution Areas (HICPA) Chicago Dallas Detroit Las Vegas Los Angeles Miami Minneapolis New York San Diego San Francisco Bay Area St. Louis Tampa Washington, D.C. 7 Summary of Human Trafficking Laws As defined under U.S. and CA law, victims of human trafficking can be divided into three populations: • Children under age 18 induced into commercial sex. • Adults aged 18 or over induced into commercial sex through force, fraud, or coercion. • Children and adults induced to perform labor or services through force, fraud, or coercion. 8 CA Human Trafficking Laws: Penal Code Section236.1 (a) Deprives or violates personal liberty of another with intent to obtain forced labor or services: 5, 8, 12 years and up to $500,000 fine. (b) Deprives or violates personal liberty with inent to effect or maintain violation of (pimping, pandering, child porn, extortion): 8, 14, 20 years and up to $500,000 fine * Federal laws are similar 9 Deprivation of Liberty Difined Accomplished through force, fear, fraud, deceit, coercion, violence, duress, menace, or threat of unlawful injury to the victim or another person EXCEPTION: Minor under the age of 18 induced into commerical sex 10 Penal Code section 236.2 sets forth the indicators of human trafficking that a law enforcement officer must consider in identifying victims of human trafficking. (a) Signs of trauma, fatigue, injury, or other evidence of poor care. (b) The person is withdrawn, afraid to talk, or his or her communication is censored by another person. c) The person does not have freedom of movement. . 11 Indicators continued: (d) The person lives and works in one place. (e) The person owes a debt to his or her employer. (f) Security measures are used to control who has contact with the person. (g) The person does not have control over his or her own government-issued identification or over his or her worker immigration documents. 12 Recent Federal and CA Laws  SB1193- Civil Code section 52.6 Mandatory Public Posting of HT hotline 888-3737-888  SB 939- consolidated HT cases  SB 1165- Education Bill  New Federal Law targeting Demand 13 Recent Research  2014 Study of 8 Cities on Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution, massage parlors  2012 SDSU Study : Labor Trafficking: construction, restaurants, janitorial, agriculture / domestic servitude  2014 Study: Understanding the Organization, Operation, and Victimization Process of Labor Trafficking in the United States  2015 UCSD study on Prostitution and HIV 14  Multiple studies provide evidence that sexually exploited adolescents are at greater risk of HIV infection than their adult counterparts. (Silverman, 2011) • Violence is very common among CSEC victims • In one study CSEC were twelve times more likely to have pelvic inflammatory disease, three times more likely to become pregnant, and twice as likely to abuse drugs, have an STD or have uncontrolled asthma. 15 San Diego’s 2015 Study: “Measuring the Nature and Extent of Gang Involvement in Sex Trafficking in San Diego.” • Dr. Ami Carpenter, University of San Diego and Dr. Jamie Gates, Point Loma Nazarene University • National Institute of Justice Grant Carpenter & Gates, 2015 The Steps of Exploitation ① Recruitment of vulnerable children ② Seduction through offers of gifts, support and friendship ③ Isolation from others who may stop the exploitation ④ Coercion into actions such as street prostitution and pornography ⑤ Violence to retain control CA Child Welfare Council 2013 Factors Promoting Exploitation (CSEC): • Victims often from homes where they experienced child abuse and domestic violence • Minors who are in foster care or group homes • Being a runaway teen is one of the highest risk factor for being exploited by a trafficker • truancy from school, learning disabilities, emotional and mental health issues and substance abuse • No family is immune from this public safety epidemic because of the use of social media that 19 allows the traffickers to recruit girls Who are the Perpetrators?  Friends and family  Organized crime  Local gangs  Pimps  Girl recruiters  Boyfriends  Basically ANYONE 20 The Internet Hides the Crime in Plain Sight • Hotels are the top location where the crime of sexually based human trafficking occurs • 98 Unique criminal purchasers “Johns” responded to 4 ads on Backpage in a 24 hour period • Approximately 70% of the transactions utilize social media 21 Hotel-Motel/ Other Warning Signs  A young looking girl (mostly) with an older male  Appears to lack knowledge of current/past whereabouts or orientation to time  Does not have the usual suitcase/travel belongings  Dressed inappropriately for weather and conditions 22 Continued Warning Signs Does not have access to proper ID, money, or cell Does not make eye contact or freely engage in conversation Belongings carried in plastic bags Person in charge rents more than one room Individuals in hallway or appear to be monitoring a certain room 23 Mandated Reporting of Commercially Sexually Exploited Children • Mandated Reporting of CSEC effective January 1, 2016: • Senate Bill 794 (new Penal Code section 11165.1(c)(1-3) adds a definition of “Commercial Sexual Exploitation” to the Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act (CANRA) - California Penal Code section 11165.1.  call the County of San Diego Child Abuse Hotline at: 858-560-2191 or at 1-800-344-6000 to file your report. 24 Out of the Shadows: A Tool for the Identification of Victims of Human Trafficking One of the biggest obstacles to providing human trafficking victims with the services and support they need is the lack of an effective tool to identify them. 25 Sex Trafficking > Did anyone you worked for or lived with trick or force you into doing anything you did not want to do? > Did anyone ever pressure you to touch another person or have any unwanted physical or sexual contact with another person? >Did you ever have sex for things of value (for example money, housing, food, gifts, or favors)? 26 Barriers to detecting child victims include: 1)isolation from others; 2)constant monitoring while in public; 3)victim reluctance to disclose abuse; 4)victim attachment to abuse lifestyle or abuser 5)lack of awareness of victimization; 6)lack of knowledge or resources to escape, 7)mistrust of authorities and professionals 27 Challenges and Considerations with Minors with trauma especially CSEC victims: safety, risk, fear, shame, guilt hostile and cynical attitude about getting help they may not see themselves as victims view their situation as an improvement view exploiter as a ‘boyfriend’ or father figure experience poor recall of important events or an impaired sense of time due to stress/trauma  Fear of retribution and distrust of adults and authority figures may lead to refuse to disclose information, or to provide false information       28 COMBAT PLAN Prevention Protection Prosecution Partnerships lh. MA I If you or someone you know is being forced to engage in any activity and cannot leave - whether it is commercial sex (prostitution), ho usework, farm work, construction, factory, retail, or restaurant work, or any other activity CALL to access help and services the National Human Trafficking Resource Center at 1?888?373?7888 or TEXT: Be Free or 233733 or the California Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking (CAST) at or 1?888?539?2373 The hotlines are: - available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week - toll?free operated by non?profit, non?governmental organizations - anonymous and confidential . accessible in more than 160 languages - able to provide help, referral to services, training, and general infomation Victims of slavery and human trafficking are protected under United States and California law 4. 5 esta siendo orzado a participar en una I actividad no lo dejan Ir ?ya sea sexo comercial (prostitucron) traobajo dom?stico trabajo agricola, trabaj construocion, fabrica venta alJ por menor 0 en restauranteso coualquier otra actividad - para obtener ayuda servicios al Centro Nacional de Recursos para la Trata de Personas al 1?898?373?78880 Envie el Be Free 0 233733 0 llame a la Coalicion de California Para Abolir la Esclavitud yTrata de Personas (CAST) al 1888?5259?2373 Las lineas telefonicas: Estan disponibles las 24 horas del dia 7 dias a la sernana Son grati Son manejadas por organizaciones sin ?nes de lucro, no ubernarnentales on anonimas con?denciales Ofreoen servicio en mas de 160 idiomas Pueden brindarle ayuda, remision a servicios, capacitacion informacion Las victimas de esclavitud trata de personas estan protegidas bajo las leyes de Estados Unidos California. Kungikawo may kia ?Elk 3.4" VICTIMS 0F SLAVERY AND CALL - 1- 888 - 373 -7888 TEXT - BeFree or 233733 oi usted 0 al uien que usted conooe la na napipilitang sumali sa anurnarg gawain at hindi pinapayagarg man na ?x (pros n) g,awairg gsasa konstruksyon pabrika paglilindjao trabaho sa restauran amuma iba parg awain TUMAWAG para umirgi lg Ilong atserbisyo sa National Human Trafficking Resource Center sa 1?888-373-7888 0 TEXT: Be Free or 233733 0 3a California Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking (CAST) sa 1-888-593?2373 Ang hotlines ay: Pwedeng tumawag anumang oras, buong lingo. Libreng Tawag Non?profitatorganisasyon di-pampamahalaan ang nagpapatakbo Anonymous at kompidensyal Magagamit sa higit sa 160 wika - Makapagbibigay ng tulong, referral sa mga serbisyo, pagsasanay, a pangkalahatang Impormasyon Biktima ng pang?aalipin at trafficking ng tao ay protektado sa ilalim ng batas ng Estados Unidos at California DA’s Office Sex Crimes and Human Trafficking Unit  aka: (SVU Law and Order Special Victims Unit)  Established in 2003 by DA Bonnie     Dumanis with specialized DA team Sex Crimes including sexually based homicides and late report child molestation Sex Offender Registration - SAFE Sexually Violent Predators (SVP) Human Trafficking and related crimes of Pimping and Pandering 31 Additional Combat Efforts  SD County Human Trafficking and Commercial Child Sexual Exploitation Advisory Council  San Diego Human Trafficking Task Force (State, Federal and Local Law Enforcement)  Collaboration and Partnerships such as Unity Coalition/ Bilateral Safety Corridor Coalition and PCI  Prevention and Protection Awareness Campaigns and innovative partnerships 32 1 ds.org ?null-mm HM a child Protecth?IDiegbKi Ti?a? 33 I 4105!?3105 The Prostitution Myth Sex Trafficking? Not in America’s Finest City According to the FBI, San Diego has one of the highest rates of child prostitution in the country. The underground sex trade in San Diego generates over 800 million dollars in annual revenue. As many as 8,100 local women, girls and boys are prostituted here every year. And because prostitution and sex trafficking can occur at private homes, hotels, casinos and fake massage parlors, it’s happening more often than you think. And doing more damage than most of us can imagine. Get the facts at TheUglyTruthSD.org For help call 1-888-373-7888 or text “BeFree” (233733) 35 Individual Responsibility: • Become aware and educate yourself on warning signs • Stop the demand for sexual and labor exploitation that constitutes the profit that drives human trafficking, i.e. buying sex, buying cheap labor • Report and provide the National HT number 1-888373-7888 or texting BeFree (233733). • Call 911 if you observe danger or unsure 36 FAQs Hotli San Diego County District Attorney Home The DA's Of?ce Prosecuting Criminals Preventing Crime Helping Victims FAQs Prevention National Resource Center Who to Contact Community Resources 8. Initiatives Girls Only Toolkit Girls Only! is a gender-specific, prevention education program for girls ages 8 to 15 designed to: Inspire and promote self-love, self-esteem, and motivation Develop life skills, healthy coping skills, and decision-making skills Keep girls who are at risk out of the influence of gangs, drugs, and sex trafficking Inspire girls to further their education 38 Helpful Links San Diego District Attorney Web: www.sdcda.org www.FightHumanTraffickingSD.com http://www.sdcda.org/office/girlsonlytoolkit/index.html www.polarisproject.org/human-trafficking/overview www.abolishhumantrafficking.com (Find research articles, documentaries & community events) 39 KnOW'edQe is Power ?3531."- 'M?aih“The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good [people] to do nothing.” Edmund Burke, English Philosopher Copyright © 2006 ACTION Network. All Rights Reserved. 41 Isle A Survivor?s Story Gangs and Sex Trafficking in San Diego Research Funded bythe National Institute of Justice .3 . .-5 -Jw? Co-authored by Ami C. Carpenter, PhD — University of San Diego Jamie Gates, PhD — Point Loma Nazarene University with research assistance from Lars Almquist; Natalie Hsieh; Topher McDougal, PhD; Dana Nurge, PhD; and Tasi Rodriguez 1" I V, I . . hunk!!- . . 0 . - Ski SAN DIEGO GENERATE mm YOUTH SERVICES LA MAESTRA Building futures for at-risk youth MUNITY HEALTH CENTER 'Ih'llviuhts lltulnn \iuluumIUlv :r?m'uL?zn l'a?l I I Hope House norm . . I I I II Ill 1 Loving t: ll?unwn county LI fel I 8..) Rmm'd 1mm Human Im?nking Umvers'ty POINT LOMA OfsanDlegO" NAZARLNE UNIVERSIIY How Big is San Diego?s Underground Sex Economy? Size of the Problem Annual economic impact: • Natural Resources & Mining: $900 million • Safe Route to Transit (SR2T): $700 million • Otay Mesa POE: $800 million • San Diego Padres: $800 million 2nd Largest Underground Economy $5,000,000,000 $4.76 Billion $3,000,000,000 $1,000,000,000 $9,000,000 $8,000,000 $810 Million $750 Million $7,000,000 $6,000,000 $5,000,000 $4,000,000 $3,000,000 $2,000,000 $1,000,000 GUNS SEX DRUGS Gang Members Are Highly Involved • 85% of facilitators were gang-affiliated • 110 gangs involved in underground sex economy Annual Estimated Trafficker’s Earnings $600,000 $500,000 $400,000 $300,000 $200,000 $100,000 $50,000 $0 $13k/wk $56k/mo $671k/yr Profiles of Sex Trafficking Facilitators • Protector/Business Partner: Rejects the ‘Pimp’ label. Contractual arrangement: driver, bodyguard. Revenue is split. 63% • Traditional Facilitator: ‘Pimp’ identity tied to the desire for social recognition and status. Controls money. 34% – Vicious-Violent : People who use extreme tactics of physical and psychological control. Prefer to recruit minors. Defeat of self-worth and value is a key strategy. 3% • Organized Crime: Highly secretive rings and trafficking operations. At least 12 such rings work in the San Diego-Tijuana border region ‘Pimping’ is Mostly Associated with African American Street Gangs Ethnicity 2% 2% 2% 28% 32% Hispanic White Black 34% Native American Racial-Ethnic Representation in California Prisons and Jails Race/Ethnicity % of California Population % of California Incarcerated Population White (non-Hispanic) 40% 26% Hispanic 38% 41% Black 6% 27% California Incarceration Rates Data Source: U.S. Census 2010, Summary File 1. (Graph: Leah Sakala, May 2014) Annual Number of Victim/Survivors 3417-8108 • Based on facilitators who come in contact with law enforcement • 70 victims treated by 8 agencies • 29 total beds available for human trafficking survivors –No beds for LGBT –No beds for men –No HT specific beds for children Human Trafficking in San Diego’s Schools County-wide recruitment in middle schools and high schools • Focus groups from all 20 schools identified suspected victims; 90% confirmed CSEC cases • 30% of facilitators witnessed or participated in sex trafficking recruitment related to schools Targeted Schools 20 schools visited represent sitesfrom the entire San Diego County region (koanudcw(uni-all . ,4 . o? - Canon." a . 0 .. ?aw-I $00.Poway( .rE-w? . - -. w. .1 ()OootSeawSan Diego lnt"(16 . Coronadg?? each . Point Loma .N mm .25 180? r" ?x DSy?uan Indian Inn ["04 of: .I so I Imperial Beac Tiiua County-Wide Problem Residence of Victi ms/ Survivors ijt- .V . ?1 '7 Oceo'ade :11! 1 HniNil; I .. -, f' China "13? fl ?f -Te(dte Evidence from a trafficker Q: Do you know if people recruit girls out of high schools? Middle schools? “Yeah, just pulling up on them, going up to the high schools, going to these little dances, going to beach, seeing them in traffic, uh, it can start real young with a female, it starts young. Depends on, up to them, what they feel, what they’re up to, and how they’re living.” “A lot of ‘em have moms and dads who are hos and pimps, or don’t have a mom and dad. Maybe one or the other. A lot of situations at home, all kind of angles that lead up to street life activity. A lot of things.” – “Prison Interview, 2014” Top 10 Recruitment Risk Factors R Runaway, “in and out of home” or “disappearing”u na w ay Involvement with drugs or alcohol , “i Lack of parental involvement n an Women recruiting women d Family member arranging or approving CSECo ut Involvement with older man/boyfriend Financial problems Personal Involvement with pimp/gang member Mental/emotional health needs Family member involved in CSEC prostitution How Children are Recruited • • • • • • • • • • • “Boyfriend” asks his girl “just this one time”... Social Media Girl recruiters Material enticements Involvement with drugs, payment for drugs Fraudulent job offers Parents offering their kids to friends/associates for money Family members (generational or cultural ties) Gang members “swooping” in on newcomers to school Some gang-organized massage parlors Participation in prostitution rings Recruitment Hotspots • • • • • • • • • • Trolley and bus stops House parties Neighborhood parks near schools Alternative high schools Open field in National City El Cajon Blvd Social media Tattoo parlors Churches Malls Gender of Victims/Survivors 1% 2% ? MALE Law Enforcement 97% ? LGBTQ+ 99.9% Victim Services *39 labor trafficking cases, 69% female 31% male. Average Age of Entry into Sex Trafficking 16 Ethnicity and Nationality Country Of Origin Percentage United States: 80% Mexico: 12% Other: 8% Including: Taiwan, Russia, China, Korea Philippines, Honduras, Germany, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Cameroon 80% of sex-trafficking victim/survivors are domestically trafficked 20% are foreign born Other Mexico US Ethnicity of Survivors The majority are Black, White and mixed ethnicity Ethnicity of Survivors 4% 2% 2% 14% 28% Black White Mixed/Bi-rac Latino 25% 25% Other Asian/Pac Is Nat Am Particularly vulnerable populations • 55% had experienced homelessness • 28% had been in the Foster Care system "So many people are doing it, everybody and their mom is doing it, and the money is too good and too easy and too guaranteed. It’s really not hard to turn any female out. If she hasn’t done it, it wouldn’t be hard to turn her out once she’d see how good and easy the money was. ” ~ Field Interview, 2015 Thank You Dr. Ami C. Carpenter University of San Diego Dr. Jamie Gates Point Loma Nazarene University National Institute of Justice Award 2012-R2-CA-0028, PI: Ami Carpenter, Proposal #F12096 U.S. Department of Justice I 810 Seventh Street, NW I Washington, DC 20531 “Measuring the Scope and Nature of Gang Involved Sex Trafficking In the San Diego – Tijuana Region” CSEC/Y: Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children/Youth Charisma De Los Reyes, MSW – Child Welfare Services, County of San Diego Impact of Trauma • Nearly 80% of youth who are or were involved in the sex industry and were adjudicated in the STAR Court in Los Angeles had some form of involvement with child welfare. Tactics and Techniques Manipulation Befriending Coercion Obligation to family Seduction Force & Violence Trauma bonding Shifts in Practice Collaboration •CSEC Interagency Protocol •CSEC Steering Committee •SD Human Trafficking Task Force Coordination •Screening & Assessment •Multidisciplinary Team approach Commitment •Prevention & Intervention strategies •HT CSEC Advisory Council STARS Program Survivor Leadership Community Resources ProjectLife CSEC/Y Alabastar Jar Generate Hope Research Law Enforcement: Victim Assistance & Advocacy Charisma De Los Reyes, MSW Policy Analyst Child Welfare Services – HHSA O: 858.616.5911 Contact Information E: charisma.delosreyes@sdcounty.ca.gov San Diego Unified School District CSEC Awareness and Education Program Presented by: Andrea Thrower, Program Manager SDUSD Response  Overall SAFETY of Students  To address attendance/truancy issues  Health  Understanding that San Diego was identified by the FBI as a high intensity area for trafficking. San Diego Unified School District Boundaries Second Largest District in the State of California Serve over 130,000 Pre-K through 12th grade students Diverse Population (15 ethnic groups, over 60 languages and dialects 226 Educational Facilities Over 13, 500 Employees 6000 Teachers 3- Prong Training Approach Staff ?Community Students Student Awareness Tier 1: All student awareness Tier 2: Students at Risk 4- 6 week Peer to Peer Program Tier 3: Students Identified Service Referral 5 I a 9* Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) REPORTING PROTOCOL Multi-Agency San Diego Health and Point Lorna Nazarene San Diego Law Enforcement University AgenCIeS Human Servuces (DAIS Of?ce; TaSk Force; et al) (Child Protective Services) San Diego Uni?ed School District San Diego County of?ce of Victim Services Anti?Human Traf?cking Education Agencies Advocacy Agencies Partners 1 . How You Can Help?  Spread the word to raise Human Trafficking Awareness.  Urge your school district to provide awareness training opportunities for staff, parents, and students  Provide grant opportunities for school districts, victim services, and advocacy groups.  Questions san Diego Grantrnakers Strengthening Philanthropy WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SEX TRAFFICKING IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY Thank You for Attending! Please stay for cm informal wine cheese debriemc (ending at 4:45)