• t.r rc- :,1")± r Hwy') iu± yal r rab_a 1111 R3C0134796 Exhibit 1370 State of Minnesota v. 3M Co., Court File No. 27-CV-10-28862 1370.0001 STATE_07543941 • • 3: • • FLUORAD FI2UOROCHEMICAL SURFACTANTS IN COATINGS Fitiorad fluorochemical surfactants were first used in a major coating application in 1958. A patent awarded to H.C. Geen of the Simoniz Company claimed that3M company's fluorosurfactants conferred superior leveling to dry bright aqueous emulsion floor wak systems.Since that time, fluorosurfactarits have been universally adopted in The function of most organic coatings is to protect both household and institutional floor polish systems, ' and/or decorate substrates. Surface defects such as . They provide the necessary leveling and wetting craters,sags and thick edges mar appearance and performance over floors covered with "old" polish, . create weak spots which decrease protection. films or surfaces contaminated with low energy Many surface defects arise from resin or such as grease or silicone resins. The low pigment flow in the paint film after it is applied. Such of Fluorad fluorochemical surfactant .concentration movement is caused primarily by surface tension needed for-good performance.significantly reduces forces with the main force opposing it being viscosity. detrimental effects,such as"black heel" marks, Preventing defects will allow the coating formulator frequently seen with high levels of conventional ' productive more additional time to spend on the • surfactants. tasks of creating functional coatings with improved ,lust as the hydrophobic moieties In Fluorad profitability. surfactants enable them to function as highly efficient ' This brochure discusses how to eliminate or additives In aqueouscoatings,itwassoon recognized reduce surface defects by the control of surface that fluorochemicals should be capable of modifying tension. surface tension in organic systems by virtue of the oleophobicity of their fluorochemical moiety By BENEFITS OF FLUORAD careful choice of the solubillzing group in the FLUOROCHEMICAL SURFACTANTS molecule,3M chemists have been able to design Fluorad products to function as surface active agents Curing surface defects is never easy Ideally, the in many solvents and resins. solutions are developed from a knowledge of Surface tension control in organic systems Is now cause of the defect. Unfortunately diagnosis is possible, not only during the application of a solvent often difficult since the coating supplier is seldom on site when the detect is observed and substrate based coating, but also during the dynamic phase cleanliness can be inadequate and/or irregular. of drying and resin polymerization.The maintenance of low surface tension values throughout the drying The maintenance of coating surface tension values at low levels with Fluorad fluorochemical surfactants phase will eliminate,or reduce,steep surface tension can help produce coatings capable of being used gradients which are frequently responsible for the in "less than perfecr industrial applications. The formation of many coating defects such as floating, orange peeling, and fish eyes. formulator will benefit by maintaining a quality "trouble free"image and reducing unproductive In an industrial situation ills not uncommon for problem solving. surface preparation to be erratic. Low surface The use of additives in the paint and coating tension values will help considerably in minimizing industry has been gaining greater acceptance as the effect of such variation on coating appearance their benefits become increasingly difficult to by Improving the ability of the coating to wet and reproduce with modifications of the base resins or spread on the substrate. These surfactants are used solvent system. Much development time is still extensively to reduce the surface tension of both spent in solvent and resin permutation (to reduce organic and aqueous based coatings. Spot surface tension values)when the use of Fluorad contamination in the form of fingerprints, roller fluorochemical surfactants could achieve the grease, condensation drip, and even gross desired effect.The use of lower cost solvents and contamination from a mischarge of a silicone resins frequently offsets the increase in cost of defoamer, can be overcome by the use of the surfactant.. fluorochemical surfactants. Ingredient mischarge can happen in the best Consistent product performance is one step • run factory; a Fluorad fluorochemical surfactant has closer when Fluorad surfactants are used. been used on more than one occasion to reduce scrap costs by rescuing a paint overcharged with silicone defoamer. RJC004797 STATE_07543942 1370.0002 FLUOROCARBON AND HYDROCARBON SURFACTANTS A surfactant(surface active agent)can be defined as: A material which concentrates at the surface of the liquid In which it Is dissolved,or at the Interface of a liquid and another immiscible liquid or solid. Since many polymers and oligomers are themselves surface active,they compete for space at an interface. Their presence can make it difficult to predict the behavior of any surfactant in specific resin systems. Another definition of a surfactant is: A chemical comprised of two parts of widely differing polarity and solubility in liquid media. In general,surface active agents have limited solubility in the liquids in which they are used. . Both definitions are useful In highlighting the major differences between fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactants. Both classes of surfactants act in a similar fashion in aqueous systems.The insoluble portion of the molecules—the hydrocarbon and the fluorocarbon hydrophobic chain—both orientate at the liquid surface with the hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon tail of the molecule in the gas phase and the more polar portion in the aqueous phase. FFFFFFFF The fluorocarbon and hydroCartioiliailserkthe molecules behave very differently in noriiiiiThous systems due primarily to the major differences in the solubility of the tails In the organic components In the coating. Typically, the hydrocarbon tails of conventional surfactants have sufficient solubility in • organic paint systems whereby the chernical will • not migrate to a liquid/9as Interface to function as .• an efficient surface active agent The reVerS'els the. case with molecules having fluorocarbon tails: These moieties are not miscible with organic liquids, such as solvents or resins. By using the correct solubilizing group,3M chemists have designed luorochemicals which orientate at an organic interface to act as a surfactant(see Table 1 on page 10). Figure 2. 'Surfactant crionfaffon in organic coatings. HHHHHHHH AQUEOUS PHASE FLUORINATED SURFACTANT FiQUIV HYDROCARBON SURFACTANT 1. Surtaciant oriantetion in equeoua coatings. There is, however,a significant difference in efficacy due to the stronger electron withdrawing power of the fluorine atom.Surface tension values as low as 16 dynes/cm in aqueous systems are attainable with fluorocarbon surfactants at concentrations as low as .005%.This contrastswith a minimum value of about 25 dynes/cm at 1% with a typical hydrocarbon surfactant. The small amount of Fluorad fluorochemlcal surfactant necessary in aqueous coatings reduces the tendency for floor coatings to develop "black heel" marks.In addition, the low use concentration in floor polish systems has only a small effect on manufacturing cost calculated on a per gallon basis. RJC004798 STATE_07543943 1370.0003 •. : 04 ,11 . .. • TiisISION.GRADIENTS • ManytypesalthirfaCedefecisseen in coatings • •cänbeattrlbUted to the presence ofsurface tension • differences atthe air/coating Interface.Such • • "' • :difference —Producesdcan begenerated by surface inegularitles • " • . during coating application,contamination The surface defects described below ate iSrPically frotrisill mists,dust overspray,or differential • due to unwanted or exesassIve flow of pigment.•:. • „ev.apoiation'of solvents. • •• and/or resin. .• .• •• • • • • "Suffce tension values 0')ofcoatings can drift A coating consists of two interfaces—the upwards(i-)or downwards(—)as solvents evaporate %coating/air interface,and the coating/substrate from the sYstem.Ifthe driftvaries acrossthe surface interface, Surface tension gradients are the main ofthe coating,then certain characteristic coating cause ofsurface defects in the former,whereas patterns may be observed. • defects atthe latter are due to contamination atthe Figure 4illustrates surface tension drift In a single interface,or to poor wetting eta low energy surface drop of paint Ideally,a drop should spread and dry with a coating having too high a surface tension. evenly However,as the drop exhibits a greater surface area atthe edges,the solvent will evaporate faster atthe perimeter.If,asa result of evaporation, the remaining paint atthe edge ofthe drop hasa higher surface tension,the paint resins will flow SURFACE towardsthe perimeter of the drop—providing the TENSION viscous drag of the drying paintcan be overcome. GRADIENTS Conversely,Ifthe surface tension decreases,the CONTAMINATION S. resins will flow towards the center ofthe drop. SOLVENT •V' / 1 4'."4/"/".• EVAPORATION 4///k • ' leads to resin migration towards posimotor. / / //4: • leads to resin migration towands center. SUBSTRATE &gm... Meat=face tension gtotilont j Figure 3. Location ofsurf/code/acts. • DEFECTS AT THE COATING/AIR INTERFACE Defects at the coating air interface can be caused by solvent popping, pigment flocculation,shear and gravity effects, phase separation, poor leveling and surface tension effects. This brochure is aimed at those defects which can be alleviated by surface tension modification. Typical use levels for Fiuorad fluorochemical surfactants FC-430 and FC-431 to effectsolvents and resins are reported in Table 1 shown on page 10. The classical way to avoid such migration is to eliminate the surface tension gradient by maintaining surface tension ata fixed(low)value.This can be accomplished by Fluorad fluorochernIcal surfactants in either aqueous or organic systems. An example of how FC-430 can be used to stop resin migration caused by thermal gradients is Illustrated In Figure 5. 4 RJC004799 STATE_07543944 1370.0004 •,,,,,--,,,,,,....., 14...... 14.= .y/A,, s i'• • ..`: ..,.,,s i s .-f:4. •i:-.,"•:- . .T14.'•.” -: .,,..-44,..b •, ;••. • • Fluoraa uoriochernidal -. ..e4ants.; reduce'taLi§efensionk• i'esntfi-,i0t )71,sH-S'?•;",.,,,,, E ‘49 -.44. thatthe siirfade tension:A-Writs arelirfiaTedt,Or.0. • at least retinded. Not OnkkirOtheati.'aikNotaft,ta, !,;..k-gi'.' effective liLOV'erOOming.Spl4adntaillinarptit,.y...... they have aladobe been useatoleSctie bata )as,of ldaluf accidentallyaritaniinat irvrttiaicaeWaltrO'66'"4:t.,-..11:4'.. defoainikt.W.t.:. --:•'.-.:' '7-;:l'FI:.. ,CrVKits;.•••• • ••.•••,_%,,i,,.,..., , . . . -1 c 61:1-. ••:4.ti4:„...%).1-•, 4,'...J.i>.,,&-..f..., BENARD:CECLS'."!.-.^',.:r ...' --7.. n.:' '7.7. • .- ', Bena-rd'itilrarippeardtien ' plvinIteliora :1-tro.ri'''.4.1..!: ;' • (see FlgbniZ).They arise'frgnblitulatiiiilliciim.. within the'doiting film.These eddy cuirentsire' caused by differences In temperature,surface tension and density . • . Ow . 5. Resin migration due to hes -1(surtroiensJon " wactle - . ' Panels were coated with epoxy resin and cured ' in an oven for 10 minutes at 240° F on a metal shelf . formed In a diamond pattern. CRATERING The main cause of cratering isforeign matter appearing on the surface of the paint during itsfluid stage. Contamination such as dust,gel particles, overspray and oil, Is usuallyfound atthe center of the crater. In the case of a silicone oil droplet,the low surface tension oil creates a surrounding area of reduced surface tension.Coating resinsflow away from this area to the higher surface tension areas in the bulk of the solution.The result is a crater (see Figure 6). •S FLUID 4',7' CONTAMINANT Rpm Z Fluid How fri(Wardcellsduetow:face fonslon gradients. Pigmented systems can exhibitcolor changes (floating)due to separation of the pigments asthey are carried in the eddy currents of Benard cells. The effectcan be reduced If the rate of change in surface tension with temperature or concentration is minimized,the viscosity Increased,or the applied coating thickness reduced.. • . ,SUBSTRATE /7/•'' 4 4 , Craterformation due tosufface tendon greclionts. STATE_07543945 1370.0005 "TKVS1, , -e4Prb......" . .."''''" • '"-•- ORANGE PEELING Localized surface tension variations across the coating surface create slight mounds and dimples the surface of the coating. Similar irregularities canin also be observed when dewetting occurs.This effect, described as"orange peer is sometimes desirable to hide substrate roughness in large objects. If orange peeling is undesirable,the effect can be reduced by the use of Fluorad surfactants to control the surface tension variation and improve substrate wetting. Increased viscosity to lower coating mobility will also reduce the problem. PICTURE FRAMING This common coating effect appears as a build up of paint at the edges of coated articles. Itshould not be confused with sagging, which occurs atthe lower edges of vertical substrates. Picture framing(see Figure 8)is the result of surface tension gradien ts occurring at the edges of a substrate due to a faster rate of evaporation of the coating solvents at the extended surface.Since the coating resins are generally higher In surface tension than the solvents the resins will tend to flow towards the edges and , create the picture frame or."fat edge"effect. - •r LEVELING Paradoxically,the leveling capability of a coating should be improved with high surface tension which tends to minimize the surface area(and hence smooth the surface)of the applied coating. Leveling defects caused by application methods such as brush marks and roller striations should be reduced if the system surface tension can be increased. However,the presence of a surface tension gradient—exaggerated by a high surface tension value—can also produce a leveling problem similar to those mentioned earlier. In a freshly applied non-level coating,surface tension gradients can be caused if the coating components have differing evaporation rates and different surface tension values. Less volatile components will evaporate slower in the valleys of the applied coating,and the converse for the coating at the peaks..The surface tension gradient will cause a flow of coating solids to the peaks—resultin g in poor leveling(see Figure 9). )/./ /4 eeP , FRESHLY APPLIED COATING IG ER SURFACE TENSION SOLIDS MIGRATE DUE TO SURFACE TENSION GRADIENT Figure 9. Movementolsacts in nongevel coating. In most cases it is wiser to avoid surface tension gradients(particularly on large areas). Fluorad surfactants are used extensively to control leveling by depressing surface tension values through the drying and curing cycles of a wide varietyout of coating systems. Figure 8. Havre framing. Soikts move Mamas of highersuffa co tension. Fluorad surfactants are particularly e in reducing the surface tension gradieneffectiv t which is the driving force of this defect. RJC004801 STATE_07543946 1370.0006 —- DEFECTS AT THE COATING/SUBSTRATE INTERFACE All substrates have a surface energy(tension). The pioneering work of Zisman established values for the surface energy ofsolids and although Zisman's work did not take into accountthe variations seen in surface energy due to surface roughness,the values never-the-less provide a foundation for the ranking of the difficulty of wetting various substrates. TABLE 2. TYPICAL SURFACE ENERGY VALUES OF VARIOUS SURFACES LIQUIDS Water . .. Ube Silicone Oil RESINS ... Liquid Epoxy Liquid Polyester Alkyd... . ........ .. PolydimethyIstioxane SOLIDS Pttosphated Steel . Aluminum . . Tin Plate.. Polyester Polyvinyl Chiorde.. ..... . Polystyrene Polyethylene Polytetralluoroethylene . . Dynes/cm mN/m 73 29 20 . . . . 48 as 25 20 43-56 37-45 35-45 43 ss 33 31 18 A liquid will only wet and spread over a surface if the forces of attraction between the liquid and the substrate are greater than the cohesive forces within the liquid. The concept of the "spreading coefficient" has been used to predict the ability of a liquid to spontaneously wet and spread on a substrate. If Yu..nd Is the surface tension of the coating, Ysdid is the surface energy of the substrate, and Yus is the interfacial tension between the coating and the substrate,then the spreading • coefficient SC is defined as: SC = Vseta — (YLieuu -I- Xis). Spreading will only occur if this coefficient is a positive number. Defects will be prevented or reduced if Yllauld and Yus are made as small as possible. The minimum criteria for any coating to wet and spread on a solid is for the surface tension of the coating to be less than the surface energy of the substrate. Examination of Table 2 and comparison with Table 1 will provide an illustration of how Fluorad fluorochemical surfactants can assist in helping coatings wet and spread on challenging substrates. Similar conclusions can be drawn lithe substrate Is covered with a contaminating film of hydrocarbon or silicone oil. Only in this Instance, the surface tension values of the oil film can be substituted for that of the solid substrate. Additional steps which can be taken to improve wetting and spreading are the replacement of resins and solvents with those having lower surface tension values and higher viscosities. The energy expended during coating application and the degree ofsurface roughness will both Influence spread of a coating on a surface and,if a coating can be made to spread,even temporarily, It will be possible to maintain a continuous film if the viscosity is sufficiently high. However,if the movementto higher solidssystems frequently limits viscosity modification or the choice of resins,the necessity of incorporating an efficient surfactant becomes the only practical option. Figure 10 illustrates three epoxy-phenolic formulations of similar viscosities, but Increasing solids content, coated on "contaminated" oily tin plate and baked. With no flow control agent added, the "conventional" 40% solids formulation based on diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A(DGEBA) with an epoxy equivalent weight(EEW)of 2000,shows good coverage with some pinholes. When a lower equivalent weight DGEBA of 500 is substituted to achieve 60% solids, severe cratering is obvious. Total retraction into droplets results when a liquid DGEBA of EEW = 190 is substituted to reach 80% solids. When Fluorad surfactant FC-430 is added to each system, good wetting and leveling is observed in all cases. FORMULATION "SeG.,-lOecVscomy. 3earls ° GEM IEEIY=2C00; I Dal Marlton 75108 140%stikal 3oats OGEHMEEn=500 1 yarllon 76108 16096 sokIsl 3pans DMA tEEW.,190 esi methylon 75103 1805o3603) o53% C430 ,cooing;with Identicalsolvent Wands:with arth 0!) ‘030 Figur010. ZiCsalye.4 7 RJCO04802 STATE_07543947 1370.0007 E ETT1N ,• . 'iNSrnenhoned'in the'previous section,spreading may occur with systems having negative spreading coefficients. But, if the viscosity of the coating is low,the coating will retract from the surface(dewet) over a period of time. Dewetting will become evident when defects such as craters, islands, pinholes and the retraction of the coating to form beads occur. From the equation of spreading, it is seen that reduction of the surface tension of the liquid,and the the interfacial tension between the liquid andthe solid, to the lowest possible values will reduce this effect. Surface contamination is one of the most frequent causes of dewettIng. Inadequate substrate cleaning or control, careless handling (fingerprinting, conveyor oil), are prime suspects for this problem Unfortunately, in an industrial environment it is . often not possible to reliably remove these causes. The best course may be to assume problems will. occur and design the paint system with a low surface tension.. •'• ' RECOATABIUT( r. • ,• The comments on wetting and dewetting apply . to recoatability—only the substrate in question is now a previously applied coating. Apartfrom incident al contamination between coating operations, recoatabllity problems are caused by the previous applied coating. Formation of a low energy surfacely from the use of certain resins, curing regimes, or additives migrating to the surface of the undercoat, are responsible for most of the problems. Remedies are the same as those suggested above: adjustments to the formulation of the final coat using lower surface tension resins and solvents or reducing the surface tension of the applied resins, and solvents,or reducing the surface tension of the applied coating with surfactants. Higher viscosity ' coatings may also reduce the effect of the low energy substrate. When practical, solventwiping lower baking temperatures can sometimes help. or z F7Oure 11. 1.11005sne costriv*oiled miler*mice correvigne nd +Oh miner& oilpalm pnnt a RJC004803 STATE_07543948 1370.0008 The capability of Fluorad fluorochemical surfactants to be used as surfactants in organic media allows the coating formulator to reduce defects caused by surface tension variations in organic coatings as well as aqueous systems. Coatings with fewer defects translate to infrequent Interruptions of the coating line and higher productivity, less rework and lower rework costs, greater reliability and improved quality. All these factors imply savings and satisfied customers. A wide selection of Fluorad surfactants are available to assist the coating formulator (listed in . Table 3, page 11). The effectiveness and choice of the best Fluorad surfactant in coatings is dependent on the degree of its solubility/insolubility In the coating media. The surfactant should be active at the surface the moment the defect is about to form. Thus it may be necessary to consider the solubility relationships of the surfactant at various pH, or in a solvent, a liquid resin, or any mixture of these at a variety of temperatures. With these variables, It Is impossible to provide precise recommendations for the choice of a surfactant to cure each defect, but Table 4(page 10) is an appropriate starting point Table 4 suggests starting concentrations for evaluation of these surfactants in the various coatings. The values in Table 4 are the percent concentration of surfactant, as supplied,taken on a weight basis. An improvement in wetting and leveling has been observed in some water reducible coatings when Flupradflyorochemical surfactant FC-171 has been blended with.FC-7430-or FO1431 id a 40/60 ratio and used at a level of 0.2% based On coating solids. Other blends of Fluorad surfactants may also prove useful in other systems. Foaming can sometimes be reduced if FC-170-C and FC-171 can be used. • r USE LEVELS The ranges of use concentration depend on the solvent vehicle used.Table 5(page 11)assists in the selection of an appropriate solvent. Typically,the useof Fluorad surfactants in aqueous media is between .005% and .02% based on resin solids. In water reducible coatings the level is between .05% and .3%,and in solvent coatings the level is between .1% and .7%,baed on coating solids. To ensure the most effective use of surfactant, it is recommended that a stock solution of the product be prepared prior to addition to the coating. Often, a 1%-10% solution is made. Instructions how to do this are given In the individual technical data sheets, 3M AND COATINGS The 3M Company has had a long tradition of coating various substrates with a wide variety of varnishes, paints, adhesives, binders,sizes and resins. Programs are continually underway to Improve coating performance and many of these will yield commercial products in the future. Share your problems with us;3M sales and technical service staff will work with you to solve them, 3M Corporate Headquarters Industrial Chemical Products Division 3M Center Bldg. 223-6S-04 St Paul, MN 55144-1000 800/541-6752(Ordering Product & Pricing) 612/733-1683(Literature Requests) 612/736-1394 (Telesales) National Sales Office 3M Company— ICPD 908 North Elm Street Hinsdale, IL 60521 800/362-3455 CANADA 3M Canada, Inc. P.O. Box 5757,Terminal A London, Ontario N6A4T1 519/451-2500 RJC004804 STATE_07543949 1370.0009 -:.?1-7... • •'.•.. • .. • :71,.., .• • Xii'" • .: ..* v.....,.12: ,... ..4:::". it • • :• • '• .• • • ..‘;'.4•N" '•eZie IF: .• '4.1 V • • . • ••... . •• . ••• •. •, • . .•_••• - • • • • 'Vq• SURFACE TENSION(Dynes/cm) FC-431 FC•430 .5 Grams ol solid/100 ml of solvent Distilled Water Methyl Alcohol Butyl Cellosolve' Cellosolye' Acetate Cellosolve' Methyl Ethyl Ketone Toluene Solvesso,100 Dimethyllormarnide NIAX' LG•56 Triol Phenyl Glycidyl Ether Dibutyl Phthalate Polymeric Isocyanate, ,Ttedemetk at Union SAM,00 CO:PrXit Sr Mademark of Esso Com:nation , easy 'Mender MRS.Mobay Cnemcal Co 27.6 18.5 21.5 22.0 19.8 21.9 21.1 21.9 20.3 18.9 19.9 20.8 19.2 ' .2 28.0 18.6 21.7 22.9 20.4 22.6 22.9 23.4 21.0 21.0 20.1 22.5 20.2 .1 30.3 20.3 23.0 23.7 21.4 22.7 23.7 24.0 222 23.0 20.6 22.6 22.9 Blank 72.0 23.4 292 28.7 29.5 24.4 28.8 30.3 37.0 33.6 43.8 34.3 48.1 .5 34.6 19.2 19.9 20.5 19.6 21.5 20.2 19.5 20.9 27.6 19.8 19.4 20.1 .2 35.7 19.3 20.2 20.7 19.6 22.1 202 19.5 21.3 34.0 20.2 19.4 20.7 ::•••••• .1 36.6 19.9 21.1 21.2 20.8 22.5 20.2 20.3 22.2 34.0 21.1 21.0 22.9 •,:i•••;••• •*i• . •.TABLE 4. SUGGESTED FLUORAD FLUOROCHEMIC.AL SURFACTANTS FOR VARIOUS COATING SYSTEMS COATING SYSTEMS AQUEOUS Emulsion (Latex) Acidic Neutral Basic Colloidal Dispersion Acidic Neutral Basic Water•Reduoiblo Epoxy Polyester Urethane Alkyd Cellulosic Acrylic NONAQUEOUS Solvent•Free HI•Solids or Solyent•Based Epoxy Polyester Urethane Alkyd Cellulosic Acrylic Oleoresinous SUR FACTAN.T_GKOICES ---- -Nelues sTibern are starting poloteoneintratIons based on coating resin solids) FC-430 FC-431 FC-1700 FC-171 FC•135 FC-120 FC-129 .. .. . 0.02% 0.04% 0.02% 0.04% 0.04% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.011: 0.011: 0.01% 0.01% 0.C1% 0.01% 0.10%* 0.10%* 0.10l,.• 010%* 0 lcy0.10Y• 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.25% 025% 0.25% 025% 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% FC-740 0.20% 0.20% 0.50% 0.50% 0.50% 0.50% •nc-tr• 8I.EN DED WITH FC.430 -FC471 SLEN DEO WITH FC-431 ' 10 RJC004805 STATE_07543950 1370.0010 : TABLE 3. TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUORAD FLUOROC4M-IOAL SURFACTANTS* • TYPE %ACTIVE SPECIFIC GRAVITY VISCOSITY S 25C(cps) FLASH POINT (Closed cup) Anionic Anionic Cationic Nonionic Nonionic Nonionic Nonionic Nonionic 25% 50% 50% 80% 100% 100% 50% 50% '0 3 12 1.3 1.4 11 10 1.0 10 30 30 400 150 7000 50 150 138F(58C) 115F(48C) 53F(11C) >300F(>148C) >300F(>148C) >200F(>93C) 18F(-8C) 132F(55C) PRODUCT GEN ERAL STRUCTUFIE OR DESCRIPTION(RI= CnF2.1-1) CODE FltS03* NH4'(n -'0) FC-120 FC-129 RPO2N(C21-15)C1-,:CO2" K ;t1- 8) FC-135 RISO2NFIC3H6N -;CN3)3I n -8) PC-170C RtS02N(C21-15)(CHICH20).H :11 8) RiS0aN(C2H5)(CHzCH20)..CH3(n -8) PC-171 Fluoroaliphatic Pc.ymeric Esters FC-430 Fluoroaliphatic Pvymeric Esters FC.431 Fluoroaliphatic Polymeric Esters FC-740 •Not loc specification curooses -l'Oinueous pH 8.5-9.5 8-11 3-5•• 8.8 6•• 7•• NA TABLES. SOLUBILITY OF FLUOROSURFACTANTS IN SOLVENTS (GRAMS OFSURFACTANT/100 GRAMS OF SOLVENT) SOLVENT Distilled Water Methyl Alcohol Ethyl Alcohol Isopropyl Alcohol Ethylene Glycol Monoetayl Er-er Dipropylene Glycol Monomethyi Ether Ethylene Glycol Monoetnyl Et-ar Acetate Acetone Metnyl Ethyl Ketone N tax L.2-56 Idol Phenyl Glycidyl Ether Dibutyl Phthalate Ounethyllormamide Polymeric Isocyanate Toluene Solyesso 100 Kerosene Heptane FC-120 <1 >10 >10 >10 Cl <1 <1 Cl <1 <1 -, - FC-129 FC-135 FC-1700 FC-171 FC-430 FC-431 FC-740 >10 <1 cl <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 ' <1 <1 - <1 >10 >20 2 _ 2 <1 Cl -0.1 100 100 100 100 ,00 >20 >5 >20 <1 < -0.1 2-5 100 >20 >20 >20 100 >20 >20 >20 >20 Cl >20 3 100 >20 >10 >20 100 >20 1 0.5 1 >20 5 >20 >10 Cl <1 >10 100 100 >20 >20 100 >20 <1 1 >20 >20 2 >20 >20 <1 <1 80 >80 >80 II . _ RJC004806 STATE_07543951 1370.0011 - • • IMPORTANT NOTICE TO PURCHASER:All statements.lechnmal information an: ,:ommo:1 ns : , The brochure ere based on tests CO believe loop rel UN,.but the accuracy or cernoletenHS'won! :.• guarantee following is made In lieu of all wartanties of merchantabady and fitness Ice purpose St VS and rrs--.adorese-TV obligation will be to replace such Quantity of the product proved to be delecrve Bev,.,sima. use. a II delormme Me nection tut"tne suitab,* of the product for its intended use,and uset assumes all rick and liability writs:ever use 01 the product NEITHER SELLER NOR MANUFACTURER WILL BE LiABLE Er—ER IN TO.- 3R IN CONTRACT FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE DIRECT.INCIDENTAL.OR CONSEOUENTIAL.AR:5'.3OUT C . T-IE USE C.OR e:- ii•re has ePt THE INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT NO statement or recommendation contain,: b, elect unless in an agreement Signed by the officers cf seKer and marmlaztoar 96.C2 , .697 , 3 1.2 3 i092 Faxmac.1a macaw& alma 3M Chemical Specialties 3M Industrial Chemical Products Division 3M Center Bldg.223-6S.04 St. Paul. MN 55544-000 RJC004807 STATE_07543952 1370.0012