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VRPHWKL J WKDW LV GHPR VWUDEO D R W 5 SR W W , WKH OLJKW RI WKLV UHPDUNDEOH VHULHV RI HYH WV ZLWK D JRYHU PH W DJH F 505 KDYH W ZD W W W W DWW VD L J WU H Case 2:17-cv-00218-RSM Document 129 Filed 05/02/18 Page 11 of 38 D G WKH WKH WKHPVHOYHV KDYH DGPLWWHG WKH VKR OG R HYLGH FH RI RW EH DEOH WR EUHDN WKLV SURPLVH D G FR WL FD VH WKLV WHUULEOH KDUP WR WKLV VRPHWKL J WKDW WKH 6R WKDW V P R U KDYH R WKHPVHOYHV VD IUDPL J R RU V T HVWLR V J PD WKH H WR EDVHG R KDYH R HYLGH FH RI G , KRSH , YH D VZHUHG VRPH RI , G OLNH WR W U FROOHDJ H WR DUJ H WKH ODZ R WKLV LW RYHU WR P OHVV R U R RU KDV RWKHU T HVWLR V IURP PH 7 ( &2857 0U 1R WKDW V IL H HW V KHDU IURP DFK 05 '(770(5 7KD N 7 ( &2857 R YHU P FK , GR KDYH D T HVWLR R U IRU R RU R 0U DFK RRG PRU L J 6R KH LV D PHPEHU RI WKH FODVV L DOVR EH HILW IURP WKH GHFLVLR 05 & :HOO L , D G J H GRHV DV ZHOO WKDW V R H RI WKH T HVWLR V SDUW RI ZKDW LV VR GLIILF OW KHUH LV WKDW ULJKW PRPH W 0U 5DPLUH UHW U HG WR KLP L 6R L M GHU WKH GRHV KDYH KLV ' & RUGHU W LW DW WKH EHFD VH LW ZDV D G RUGHU DWLR ZLGH KH ZR OG KDYH WKH WR UH HZ KLV VWDW V DJDL ZH IL G R UVHOYHV L WKH VDPH SODFH ZLWK WKH 1RWLFH RI , WH W WR 7HUPL DWH FRUH I G RZ D G WKH RWKHU VLPLODU FWLR V WKDW KDYH LVV HG VL FH RSSRUW VWDW V FRPSOLD FH ZLWK WKH , J ULJKW" WKH 12,7 ZKHUH WKH GDPH WDO IDFW LV WKDW WKH IDOVH DOOHJDWLR 505 55 D R W 5 SR W W ZD W W W W M VW OLNH DWW RI JD J Case 2:17-cv-00218-RSM Document 129 Filed 05/02/18 Page 12 of 38 DIILOLDWLR LV JRL J WR IROORZ 0U JRYHU PH W FD GRHV JHW DZD ZLWK WKDW RW DFW WR H MRL 6R ZKH DW WKLV VWDJH ZR OG UHO WKDW VDPH DOOHJDWLR G 12,7 LV VLPLODUO L UHOLD FH R DJDL L YLRODWLR WKDW WKH JRYHU PH W ZKLFK ZR OG EH D L YLRODWLR RI WKH 3 WKH RI WKH 3 G WKRVH DUH WKH W SHV LPSURSHU EHKDYLRUV WKDW ZH UH KHUH WR DVN WKH R U VDPH IU VWUDWLR R RU G WKH SUREOHP , KDYH , L GLFDWHG WR WKLV SDUWLF ODU FDVH VRPHWKL J GLIIHUH W SDUW RI G LW VD V R U FR FR 0U DFK G G , KDYH VHO RYHU WKHUH RZ LW V DOO PRUSKHG L WR R U VHFR G DPH GHG R U VHFR G 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&2857 0U :KDW LV WKH JRYHU PH W GRL J KHUH 5REL V" 05 WR H SODL L M L 52 ,16 R U R RU WR WKH FR UW ZK WKH JRYHU PH W LV KHUH WRGD LW VKR OG W JUD W WKH FWLYH UHOLHI WKDW SODL WLII VHHNV HZ IRU WKH ILUVW WLPH WKHLU UHSO 7 ( &2857 FRUUHFW WKDW E HW PH DVN ILOL J WKH L WH G WR R FH DJDL LV D JD J PHPEHU WKHUHIRUH UHO R ,V WKH SODL WLII RWLFH WR WHUPL DWH R WKDW KDV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK JD J PHPEHUV 52 ,16 R WKH DOOHJDWLR V WKDW 0U HHGV WR KDYH WKDW ' & 05 WKLV 5DPLUH D G VWDW V WHUPL DWHG" (VVH WLDOO HV R U R RU 7KH OD J DJH RI WKH 1RWLFH RI , WH W WR 7HUPL DWH VWDWHV WKDW 86&,6 L WH GV WR WHUPL DWH 0U 5DPLUH V ' & EDVHG R VWDWHPH WV WKDW KH KLPVHOI PDGH UHJDUGL J JD J DIILOLDWLR V G LW JLYHV KLP FRPSODL W L M DV KH DVNHG L KLV VHFR G DPH GHG D G DV WKH FR UW RUGHUHG L FWLR LW JLYHV KLP WKH , RWLFH D G WKH RSSRUW D G LW WR UHVSR G WR WKRVH DOOHJDWLR V 7 ( &2857 LYH ZLWK WKH JRYHU PH W WKD WKH UHFRUG WKDW ZH F UUH WO RW EHL J DEOH WR V EVWD WLDWH WKH DOOHJDWLR V RI WKH VWDWHPH WV PDGH E 0U KDYH 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WKHUH LV UHYLHZ RWKL J IRU WKLV SDUWLF ODU FR UW WR EH DEOH WR EHFD VH WKHUH V RFF UUHG DV RI 05 R IL DO DJH F DFWLR HW" 52 ,16 7KDW LV FRUUHFW 7 ( &2857 R U PDNH WKHVH YHU KDV WKH DELOLW LW WKH SR ZKDW WKDW DJH F 52 ,16 7KH FR UW PD D YHU WHUPV RI ZKDW WKH FR UW ZR OG W WKDW GHSH GV R LW V IRUPHG D G ZKDW LW WR WKLV FR UW OWLPDWHO SUHYLR VO OWLPDWHO WKH G WKH FR UW WR UHYLHZ WR GLVPLVV L KDYH M ULVGLFWLR WKH IL DO DJH F OWLPDWHO 7KHUH PD GHFLVLR D G KRZ VD V LW WR EUL J WKDW FKDOOH JH EH M ULVGLFWLR DO UHDVR V ZK V H HUFLVH RI GLVFUHWLR KDYH M ULVGLFWLR WKH FR UW PLJKW W , OO RWH R U L RW R RU KHOG WKDW ZKDW WKH JRYHU PH W DUJ HG ZDV D GLVFUHWLR DU R UHYLHZDEOH DFWLR D WRPDWLF WHUPL DWLR DFWLR V L WLPH KDYH WKH DELOLW R U PRWLR KH ZLOO KDYH WKH RSSRUW WKH DJH F GHFLGHV WR VLPLODU FLUF PVWD FH WR WKH JRYHU PH W V SULRU DUJ PH WV L 6R ZKH WR UHYLHZ WKDW" :H PLJKW EH L RYHU LW RWLFH RI L WH W VDPH DUJ PH WV DW WKDW SRL W L GHSH GL J 05 R RU 7KDW KH ZLOO KDYH WKH RSSRUW KH PDNHV KLV DSSHDUD FH UHJDUGL J WKH WKH WKDW KDV ZLWK UHJDUG WR WKH 7KH FR UW KDG M ULVGLFWLR WKH WHUPL DWLR RI 0U 5DPLUH V ' & RYHU WKRVH WKH ILUVW WLPH 7KH VHFR G 505 LI LW ZHUH WR KDSSH 55 D R W 5 SR W W ZD W W D VHFR G WLPH W W DWW WKH Case 2:17-cv-00218-RSM Document 129 Filed 05/02/18 Page 24 of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OLWLJDWL J WKH WHUPL DWLR OWLPDWHO GLVPLVVHG KLV FKDOOH JH FR VWLW WLR DO FODLPV EDVHG R GHU WKH 3 D G D G WKH WKH SURFHVV WKDW KH KDG UHFHLYHG G VR , ZR OG GLUHFW WKH FR UW WR WKDW FDVH DV L VWU FWLYH RI WKH UHOLHI WKDW SODL WLII LV VHHNL J KHUH 7 ( &2857 05 52 ,16 05 0U 7KD N 5REL V R 7KD N & R U )LUVW 0U R R RU WR EHJL LPSRUWD W G H SURFHVV SRL W L JRYHU PH W V FR 505 55 VHO D 5REL V R U R RU D IHZ SRL WV L ZLWK R U R H RI UHVSR VH WR R RU PDGH D R U T HVWLR V WR DER W WKH VKLIWL J DUJ PH WV WKDW WKH R W 5 SR W W ZD W W W W DWW Case 2:17-cv-00218-RSM Document 129 Filed 05/02/18 Page 28 of 38 FR UW KDV WR FR WH G ZLWK KHUH I GDPH WDOO 7KDW LV UHDOO DW WKH KHDUW RI WKH VKLIWL J UHOLHI D G WKH HHG IRU UHOLHI WKDW KDV PRUSKHG RYHU WLPH 1RWDEO WKRVH VKLIWL J DUJ PH WV DUH HPEOHPDWLF RI WKH W SH RI VKLIWL J R DOO VLGHV EHKDYLRU WKDW WKH JRYHU PH W KDV GLVSOD HG UHVSHFW WR 0U 7KH KDYH 5DPLUH RYHU WKH SDVW DV ZH YH S W IRUWK L ZLWK HDU R U SDSHUV R U R RU WKHUH V D PEHU RI V EPLVVLR V WR 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05/02/18 Page 29 of 38 FR FO VRU R U IDVKLR L WKH , R RU V T HVWLR G FR VHO GLG EHFD VH WKHUH VLPSO LV RW D VZHU W D RWKHU HYLGH FH 7KH SURFHG UDO DUJ PH WV WKDW WKH JRYHU PH W LV WU L J WR PDNH UHDOO DPR GHWHUPL DWLR VLPSO L D YHU LJ RUH D FR G FW L 3 DUELWUDU D G FDSULFLR V D G DE VH RI GLVFUHWLR L VWU FWLYH WR KHDU WKRVH VHW R W L HFD VH HYHU L IRUPDWLR R G DV 0U RSH WLPH WKDW WKH JRYHU PH W KDV EHH DVNHG RWKHU FR UWV WR FRPH IRUWK ZLWK D WKH UHFRUG HVWDEOLVK KLV JD J WLHV L WKH UHFRUG WKDW LW KDV WR LW KDV EHH DEOH WR GR VR 'HWWPHU VDLG WR EHJL DW WKDW 0DUFK KHDUL J ZLWK WKH FR FHVVLR LW UHDOO LV FU FLDO PDGH R U EHFD VH ZKDW WKH JRYHU PH W ODZ HUV VDLG WR WKH LPPLJUDWLR D ZR OG WKH EDVLV RI IDLO UH WR IROORZ SROLFLHV D G SURFHG UHV WKLV FR UW D G L R RU OLPLWHG UHFRUG RI FDVH ODZ DER W WKH FR G FW R G LW V UHDOO FR UW LPSURSHUO H WLUH ERG JRYHU L J DJH F LWV RZ W WR WU L J WR KLGH D G FR FK WKH FR UW V M GJHV R WKLV UHFRUG , GR W EHOLHYH ZH KDYH EDVLV WR DUJ H WKDW KH LV D S EOLF VDIHW FR FHU 2 WKLV UHFRUG 6R WKH JRYHU PH W LV UHYLHZL J LWV RZ UHFRUG WKDW LW KDG L PDGH WKDW VWDWHPH W WKH DELOLW WKH , G R 55 D R W 5 SR W WKH VDPH LW KDG LW DW WKH WLPH LW WKH UHFRUG VDLG LW GLG WR PDNH WKDW GHWHUPL DWLR 505 UHFRUG W ZD W W W KDYH 1RWKL J KDV FKD JHG W W DWW Case 2:17-cv-00218-RSM Document 129 Filed 05/02/18 Page 30 of 38 VL FH WKH 7KHUH LV G WKDW LV R RWKL J L WKH UHFRUG LW FD WKH RWKHU KD G ZHLJKW RI HYLGH FH WKDW 0U FR SRL W WR WHUEDOD FHG E 5DPLUH WKH JUHDW KDV V EPLWWHG WR GLVSURYH WKRVH DOOHJDWLR V 0U 5REL V DOVR PH WLR HG D I GDPH WDO WH HW RI DGPL LVWUDWLYH ODZ UHJDUGL J WKH IL DOLW :KLOH WKHUH DUH I RI DJH F DFWLR GDPH WDO WH HWV RI DGPL LVWUDWLYH ODZ WKDW WKH JRYHU PH W LV VHHNL J WR SUHYH W WKLV FR UW IURP FR VLGHUL J D G WKDW DUH WKH H WLUH JRYHU L J ERGLHV RI ODZ ZLWK UHVSHFW WR DUELWUDUL HVV D G FDSULFLR V HVV WKDW GHUOLH WKH PRWLR D G DV , PH WLR HG HDUOLHU GHVSLWH WKH VKLIWL J OD GVFDSH WKDW ZH KDYH FLWHG L VWU FWLYH WKH FR WDL V D G I GDPH WDOO PEHU RI YHU GR D G KRZ LW VKR OG WKH V SHUYLVL J LWV FR G FW RU D W DV WKH G HU EDVHG R R DELOLW IRU H DPSOH DUELWUDU ZDV 505 55 7KDW LV WKH ERG D R W 5 SR W W ZD W W WR UHYLHZ D G DVHG R D FR VLGHUDWLR D FOHDU RI ODZ WKDW H DEOHV W L UHOHYD W IDFWRUV RI WKH UHOHYD W IDFWRUV D G ZKHWKHU WKHUH KDV EHH HUURU RI M GJPH W WR ( HUFLVH LWV GLVFUHWLR ,W DOVR SURYLGHV WKH FR UW ZLWK D WKRULW GHWHUPL H ZKHWKHU WKH GHFLVLR WKH FR UW KDV D J FDVH VDLG 3 UHT LUHV WKH JRYHU PH W WR D UHDVR HG PD DFWLR WR KHDU LW IURP WKH JRYHU PH W ZL G WKH KDUP WKH FRUH FDVHV KHOSI O D G J LGL J DFW D G KRZ FR UWV VKR OG UHYLHZ WKDW DJH F R UROH KHUH L R RU D J FDVH LV SDUWLF ODUO SUL FLSOHV DER W ZKDW WKH JRYHU PH W FD G UHDOO R U W DWW Case 2:17-cv-00218-RSM Document 129 Filed 05/02/18 Page 31 of 38 WKLV FR UW WR DFW LW D G WR DFW RZ R D G WR SURYLGH WKH UHOLHI WKDW LV ZUR J ZKH R WKRVH ZUR JV KDYH EHH N RZ R L J WLPH H HUFLVH R N RZ KDUP WKDW 0U IDFH E WR UHO L DGHT DWH UHFRUG DW D LV D E G WR ULJKW WKH LW LV UHPDUNDEOH WKDW WKH JRYHU PH W LV WU L J GDPH WDOO UHDOO HFHVVDU IUR W RI VKLIWL J RYHU WLPH WR SUHYH W WKH FR UW IURP DFWL J I WKH UHFRUG L R WKLV WLPH L WKH I W UH LW LWV SDUW WKH JRYHU PH W DW WKH H G DFN RZOHGJHG WKH 5DPLUH LV IDFL J E RW EHL J DEOH WR ZRUN WKDW KLV ' & VWDW V KDV EHH D WKRUL DWLR KDV EHH RW EHL J DEOH WR H LV L IDFW ZR OG ZRUNL J RZ UHVWRUHG D G KLV HPSOR PH W UHVWRUHG H V ZRUNL J WR SURYLGH IRU KLPVHOI D G KLV IDPLO ,I WKDW ZHUH WHUPL DWHG E DJH F DFWLR D G WKH JRYHU PH W KDV DGPLWWHG D G DOO RI WKH FR UWV ZKR KDYH FR VLGHUHG WKDW LVV H KDYH IR UHFLSLH WV ZKH VHULR VO G G LUUHSDUDEOH KDUP WR ' & WKHLU EH HILWV DUH WDNH DZD 7KDW LV RW D GLVS WHG SRL W IL DOO FR OG UH HZ JRYHU PH W LV DFF VDWLR V , ZR OG VD EDVHG R WKDW WKH WKH UHFRUG L RWLR IUR W RI LW RW H MRL HG IURP UHO L J R ZR OG EH I WLOH 7KH FR OG V EPLW D UH HZDO EHIRUH WKH ZLWK WKH VDPH W SH RI RWLR WK 55 D 5DPLUH D G LI WKH WKHVH IDOVH WKDW KH VKR OG RU DJDL ZR OG IROG L ZH G IL G R UVHOYHV IDFL J WKH VDPH W SH RI DUJ PH W DER W KLV JD J DIILOLDWLR 505 WKDW 0U R W 5 SR W W ZD W W W W G KH ZR OG DWW Case 2:17-cv-00218-RSM Document 129 Filed 05/02/18 Page 32 of 38 FR IUR W WKDW DJDL OHDYL J LW L WKH KD GV RI WKH JRYHU PH W GHFLVLR PDNHUV DW &,6 ZKR ZR OG U EEHU VWDPS WKDW GHWHUPL DWLR )L DOO DV WR WKH R D DW WKH H G RI KLV DUJ PH W ZLWK WKDW FDVH SRVLWLR WKH UHPDUNDEOH IROORZ WKHLU U OHV WKDW L VWD FH ZKHUH WKHUH L DGHT DWH DGPL LVWUDWLYH UHFRUG WKHUH FR VLGHUHG D DGPL LVWUDWLYH UHFRUG FRUURERUDWL J ZLW HVVHV FKDUJHDEOH RIIH VH D G IR DFW ZKH VHO PH WLR HG IDFW DO GLIIHUH FHV 7KDW FDVH VWD GV IRU WKH R VLPLODU VFH DULR L ZDV D ZRHI OO FDVH FR WKHUH DUH NH WKDW DJH FLHV FD 7KHUH ZDV R ZKLFK KDG D 7KH FR UW ZKLFK KDG DUUHVW ZLWK D GHU WKH 623 D G WKH .HOO PHPRUD G P G WKDW WKH JRYHU PH W KDG FRPSOLHG ZLWK LWV SURFHG UHV 7KDW LV VLPSO WDL WHG E WKH I DIILOLDWLR G VR 7KLV FDVH KDV EHH GDPH WDO FRUH DOOHJDWLR V RI JD J ZKLFK KDYH EHH SURYHG IDOVH WLPH D G DJDL OHVV WKHUH V PHD L JI O UHOLHI IURP WKLV FR UW WR UHVWRUH WKDW ' & PHULWV RW WKH FDVH KHUH VWDW V SH GL J D IL DO GHFLVLR R WKH ZH OO IL G R UVHOYHV ZLWK D VKLIWL J OD GVFDSH HHG WR S W L SODFH UHOLHI WKDW ZLOO SUHVHUYH WKH VWDW V T R PRYL J IRUZDUG IRU 0U IL DO GHFLVLR R 5DPLUH WKH PHULWV D G IRU WKH SDUWLHV G ZH FHUWDL O REMHFW WR GRL J WKDW LI WKH FR UW UHT LUHV D DUJ PH W RU EULHIL J R 505 :H 55 D D R W 5 SR W RI WKHVH V EMHFWV W ZD W W W W SH GL J D ZR OG RW I UWKHU R U DWW R RU Case 2:17-cv-00218-RSM Document 129 Filed 05/02/18 Page 33 of 38 7 ( &2857 S W WKLV EHVW" 0U DFK 7R WKH R SURFHVV FR FHU R H KD G R , P V UH WKH UH DUJ L J I ZKDW V ULJKW DJDL KRZ GR , UH ORVW WKH VLPSO GDPH WDO LVV HV RI G H ZKDW V ZUR J WKH FR UW IL GV LWVHOI L WKDW ZH DUH ULJKW W KDYH ODZ HUV WKDW DUH SUHVH W L FR UWURRP OLVWH L J WR WKLV EHFD VH R , GR ZKDW V M VWLFH 7KH LV WKLV SURFHG UDO VWDW V RZ 7KH DUJ PH WV WKDW ZHUH PDGH D G WKH UHOLHI WKDW ZDV UHT HVWHG RWKHU WKD R U FRPSODL W WKH FDWFKDOO SKUDVH L ZDV IRU VRPHWKL J GLIIHUH W VRPHWKL J GLIIHUH W KDV DOUHDG KLV ' & WKH ERWWRP RI RFF UUHG G WKDW G KH V UHFHLYHG VWDW V D G KLV HPSOR PH W D WKRUL DWLR , OO WHOO D G R ULJKW J RZ RW KDSSH HG ZLWK , WKLV FR UW ZDV DFW DOO R U SUHOLPL DU L M FWLR DW WKLV SRL W L WKDW DUJ PH W KDV VKLIWHG GLIIHUH W UHOLHI JRYHU PH W KDG WKDW WKH 1RZ R G , WKL N L JHW D DELOLW UHDG D G WR JUD W WLPH W RZ UH DVNL J PH IRU DOO IDLU HVV WR WKH WR EULHI WKDW VSHFLILF LVV H D G V EPLW WKDW EULHIL J WR WKH FR UW 0 FR FHU LV P FK PRUH IURP WKH SURFHG UDO DVSHFW RI LW 1RW WKDW , P VR FR FHU HG DER W WKH &R UW RI ZD W WR GR P SURSHUO MRE WKH ZD D G WKH HW PH DVN 505 R 55 E W , , EHOLHYH LW VKR OG EH GR H OHW WKH &R UW RI ZKDWHYHU LVV HV WKH SSHDO SSHDOV GHDO ZLWK EHOLHYH DUH DSSURSULDWH WKLV D 7RGD R W 5 SR W LV 0D W ZD W W VW W W RZ T LFNO DWW FR OG Case 2:17-cv-00218-RSM Document 129 Filed 05/02/18 Page 34 of 38 R KDYH VRPH EULHIL J IRU WKH JRYHU PH W WR EH DEOH WR UHVSR G WR" 05 & 2 H PRPH W R U R RU WKL N D ZHHN ZR OG EH V 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