NATIONAL STRATEGY

for

COUNTERTERRORISM

of the United States of America

OCTOBER 2018

 

THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON, DC

My fellow Americans:
I made a solemn promise to the American people to spare no effort to preserve the
safe ty and se curity of the Unite d State s. This National Strate gy for Counte rte rrorism
helps keep that promise. We must defeat the terrorists who threaten America’s safety,
prevent future attacks, and protect our national interests. This requires a new approach
to combatting and preventing terrorism.
In fulfilling my promise to renew America’s strength and security, I have revitalized our
military, and we are now, through action and leadership, prevailing against the terrorists
aiming to harm us and our interests. We are using all available tools at our disposal to
combat terrorist groups, starve them of support, and prevent them from recruiting ne w
followe rs. We are also disrupting te rrorist thre ats within our own borde rs, from
individuals mobilized to violence by a range of domestic and foreign terrorist ideologies
and who threaten our safety.
This has not be e n e asy. My Administration inhe rite d a world in which the te rrorist
threat had become more complex and widespread than ever before. We, the people of
the United States, face global terrorist networks and their affiliates. We face terrorist
organizations backed by state sponsors. And we face homegrown threats inspired by
terrorist propaganda.
The National Strategy for Counterterrorism recognizes the full range of terrorist threats
that the United States confronts within and beyond our borders, and emphasizes the
use of all elements of national power to combat terrorism and terrorist ideologies. It
enhances our emphasis on targeting terrorist networks that threaten the United States
and our allies and on disrupting and denying their ability to mobilize, finance, travel,
communicate, and inspire new followers. We will deny terrorists the freedom to travel
and communicate across inte rnational borde rs, and we will take action to limit the ir
ability to recruit and radicalize online. We will combat the violent, extreme, and twisted
ideologies that purport to justify the murder of innocent victims. We will also ensure
that America’s critical infrastructure is protected, in order to deter and prevent attacks,
and is resilient so that we can quickly recover should it come under attack.

 This National Strategy for Counterterrorism sets forth a new approach. We will protect our
homeland, our interests overseas, and our allies and partners. We will defeat radical Isla
mist terrorists such as ISIS and al-Qa'ida, expand our agile counterterrorism toolkit to prevent
future terrorist threats, deter emerging threats, roll back Iran's global terrorist network, and
ensure our country's continued safety. Now, and in the future, we will secure our Nation and
prevail against terrorism.
Sincerely,

President Donald J. Trump
The White House
October 2018

 e xeCutive Summary
We Remain a Nation at War
Today's terrorist landscape is more fluid and complex than ever. For this reason,
counterterrorism remains a top priority for this Administration. Our principal terrorist
enemies are radical Islamist terrorist groups that seek to conduct attacks globally,
violate our borders, and radicalize and recruit potential extremists within the United
States and abroad. We continue to face threats from Iran, the most prominent
state sponsor of terrorism, through its global network of operatives and its ongoing
support to an array of terrorist groups. Terrorists motivated by other forms of
extremism also use violence to threaten the homeland and challenge United
States interests. These terrorist threats are different in many ways, but they all seek
to use violence to undermine the United States and disrupt the American way of
life.
pressure on terrorist organizations to prevent them
from reemerging.

Since September 11, 2001, we have learned that
winning the war on terrorism requires our country
to aggressively pursue terrorists. We have also
learned, however, that we must do more than
merely kill or capture terrorists. We must dismantle
terrorists' networks and sever the sources of strength
and support that sustain them, that allow them to
regenerate, and that permit them to adapt. To secure
a lasting victory, we must also maintain sufficient

This Administration has already taken significant
steps to address the terrorist threat. Under the
leadership of President Donald J. Trump, the United
States has accelerated efforts to defeat those
terrorists who pose a threat to the United States. For
instance, working with coalition partners, we have

•  This strategy uses all available instruments of United States power to counter terrorism. We will
defeat our enemies with the full force of America’s strengths.
•  This strategy will protect the United States against all terrorists that threaten our country. We will
not focus on a single organization but will counter all terrorists with the ability and the intent to
harm the United States, our citizens, and our interests abroad.
•  This strategy places America First and emphasizes protection of the homeland—building strong
borders, strengthening security at all ports of entry into the United States, protecting its critical
infrastructure, and facilitating preparedness.
•  This strategy recognizes, however, that America First does not mean America alone. We will
broaden our range of partners to combat radical Islamist terrorism, Iran-sponsored terrorism,
and other forms of violent extremism; encourage capable partners to play a larger role in
counterterrorism efforts; and assist other partners so that they can eventually address terrorist
threats independently.

i

 NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR COUNTERTERRORISM

liberated nearly all of the territory once controlled by
the self-declared Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham
(ISIS) in Iraq and Syria. While we have made much
progress, additional challenges remain. We must
continually work to stay ahead of an adaptive enemy.
This means that we must undertake additional efforts
to prevent terrorists from acquiring or using weapons
of mass destruction (WMD) and other advanced
attack capabilities. We must prevent terrorists from
exploiting new technologies in today’s dynamic
information environment, and we must counter
terrorists’ ability to recruit and radicalize online and
through other means.

This means collaborating so that foreign governments
take the lead wherever possible, and working with
others so that they can assume responsibility in
the fight against terrorists. Domestically, we must
empower our frontline defenders—our state and
local law enforcement professionals—as well as many
other government, civil society, and private sector
partners to prevent and counter terrorism in the
United States.
Building on the National Security Strategy and the
Administration's progress to date, the National
Strategy for Counterterrorism outlines how the United
States will combat terrorism at home and abroad
and keep America safe.  Acting in accordance with
this strategy, we will defeat our enemies, just as we
have defeated the purveyors of oppression, fascism,
and totalitarianism in previous wars. We will always
remember September 11, 2001, and the sacrifices
made by so many brave patriots in defense of our
country against the evil scourge of terrorism. With
that same spirit of service and self-sacrifice, we will
safeguard the homeland, protect our way of life, and
eliminate our enemy’s ability to threaten our country.
We are a nation at war—and it is a war that the United
States will win.

Likewise, experience has taught us that preparedness
and prevention must be integral parts of our counterterrorism strategy. We must protect the homeland
against the terrorist threat by building strong borders,
securing United States infrastructure, and enhancing
the preparedness of the American people.
Experience has also highlighted the importance of
strong partnerships in sustaining our counterterrorism
efforts. Whenever possible, the United States must
develop more efficient approaches to achieve our
security objectives, relying on our allies to degrade
and maintain persistent pressure against terrorists.

ii

 Table

of

Contents

Introduction....................................................................................1
National Strategy

for

Counterterrorism

at a

Glance................................. 5

The Terrorist Adversary..................................................................... 7
Prioritization

and

Resourcing............................................................. 11

Pursue Terrorist Threats

to

Their Source.............................................. 13

Isolate Terrorists from Financial, Material, and Logistical
Sources of Support........................................................................... 15
Modernize and Integrate a Broader Set of United States Tools and
Authorities to Counter Terrorism and Protect the Homeland...................... 17
Protect United States Infrastructure

and

Counter Terrorist Radicalization

Recruitment................................... 21

and

Enhance Preparedness................. 19

Strengthen the Counterterrorism Abilities of International Partners.................... 23
Conclusion....................................................................................25

iii

 Introduction
The Path to Victory
The United States occupies a special role among nations as a vanguard of freedom,
democracy, and constitutional governance. These luminous ideals must be
assiduously defended in a world of increasing challenges and dangers from the forces
that threaten America’s people, our vital interests, and the security and prosperity of
our allies and partners.
Terrorists seek to undermine American ideals and
the United States Government by using violence and
propaganda to advance their depraved goals. After
seventeen years of armed conflict and significant
costs in American blood and treasure, our efforts to
prevent and counter terrorism have met with mixed
success. While we have succeeded in disrupting
large-scale attacks in the homeland since 2001, we
have not sufficiently mitigated the overall threat that
terrorists pose.

stated,  “America is committed to adjusting our
strategies to meet evolving threats and new facts.
We will discard those strategies that have not
worked—and will apply new approaches informed by
experience and judgment.”
We must confront  terrorists with the combined
power of America’s strengths—our strong military,
our law enforcement and intelligence communities,
our civilian government institutions, our vibrant private sector, our civil society, our international partnerships, and the firm resolve of the American people.
Harnessing our full potential, the spirit of innovation
that has been key to our national greatness, and our
tradition of working together toward our common
goals, we will prevail and prevent terrorism from disrupting the American way of life.

Today’s terrorist threats have changed, and terrorist
groups are now more geographically dispersed
and their tactics more diversified. To address this
evolving terrorist threat across the globe and within
the homeland, our approach to counterterrorism
must evolve. As President Donald J. Trump has

Through the National Strategy for Counterterrorism, we will achieve the following end states to
safeguard our homeland, way of life, and shared interests:
• The terrorist threat to the United States is eliminated;
•  Our borders and all ports of entry into the United States are secure against terrorist threats;
• Terrorism, radical Islamist ideologies, and other violent extremist ideologies do not
undermine the American way of life; and
• Foreign partners address terrorist threats so that these threats do not jeopardize the
collective interests of the United States and our partners.

1

 NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR COUNTERTERRORISM

To achieve these aims, this strategy adopts an
America First approach to counterterrorism—one
that is guided by United States interests; shaped by
realistic assessments of both our challenges and our
capabilities; and attuned to the important roles of our
allies and partners, both foreign and domestic, in our
shared counterterrorism efforts.

strategic communications. These tools are an integral
part of our counterterrorism activities, and we will
continue to incorporate them when appropriate to
maximize their effects.
In addition, this strategy prioritizes a broader range of
non-military capabilities, such as our ability to prevent
and intervene in terrorist recruitment, minimize the
appeal of terrorist propaganda online, and build societal resilience to terrorism. This includes leveraging
the skills and resources of civil society and non-traditional partners to diminish terrorists’ efforts to radicalize and recruit people in the United States.

This strategy differs from previous strategies in that
it adopts a more agile and expansive approach that
addresses the full spectrum of terrorist threats to the
United States, including our enemies overseas and the
people they seek to influence and mobilize to violence
in the United States. We will also confront the threat of
terrorists in the United States who seek to further their
To defeat radical Islamist terrorism, we must also
political or social aims through
speak out forcefully against a
unlawful acts of violence without
hateful ideology that provides
foreign direction or inspiration. In this
the breeding ground for violence
“But above all, we must
pursuit, we will continue to protect
and terrorism. We will expose the
be united in pursuing
American freedoms, and we will be
destructive, totalitarian nature
the
one
goal
that
unwavering in our commitment to
of the ideology that fuels violent
defeat all those who turn to violence
radical Islamist movements, such
transcends every other
in an attempt to destroy, disrupt, or
as ISIS and al-Qa'ida. We will reveal
consideration. That
impair our society.
the way violent radical Islamist
goal is to meet history’s
terrorists have killed, exploited,
Importantly, this America First
and betrayed Muslim communities,
great test—to conquer
approach will harness the full span
including women and children.
extremism and vanquish
of United States power and use
Through our efforts, we will thwart
the
forces
of
terrorism.”
every available tool to combat
terrorists' ability to exploit the
terrorism at home, abroad, and in
Internet for directing, enabling, or
PRESIDENT
DONALD J. TRUMP
cyberspace. This includes military
inspiring attacks.
and intelligence op er at ions
overseas, law enforcement actions
We will not do this alone. This
at home and abroad, diplomatic engagement, and
strategy recognizes that effective counterterrorism
the use of financial tools. We will modernize and
requires a wide range of public and private sector
integrate existing counterterrorism tools so we can
par tners as well as foreign par tnerships. A s
secure our borders through, among other things,
President Trump stated, “We must seek partners,
more rigorous scrutiny of entry applications. We
not perfection—and to make allies of all who share
will also deploy new technologies precisely where
our goals.” Accordingly, from civil society and state,
they are needed and protect critical infrastructure
local, tribal, and territorial governments to private
in the United States from terrorist attacks. Finally,
sector partners and foreign allies, the full range of our
we will incorporate two of the most potent tools in
partnerships must be enhanced to effectively prevent
the information environment: cyber operations and
and counter terrorist activity, particularly as tactics

2

 INTRODUCTION

Through this new approach, the United States will integrate our instruments of national power
to achieve our end states through the following strategic objectives:
The capacity of terrorists to conduct attacks in the homeland and against vital United
States interests overseas is sharply diminished;
The sources of strength and support upon which terrorists rely are severed;
Terrorists’ ability to radicalize, recruit, and mobilize to violence in the homeland is
diminished;
Americans are prepared and protected from terrorist attacks in the homeland,
including through more exacting border security and law enforcement actions;
Terrorists are unable to acquire or use WMDs, including chemical, biological,
radiological, and nuclear weapons, and other advanced weaponry; and
Public sector partners, private sector partners, and foreign partners take a greater
role in preventing and countering terrorism.

and actors can change quickly. We will expect more
of our partners in this fight, but they will never doubt
our resolute commitment to defending our shared
interests.

(informed by research, intelligence, and analysis)
to ensure that we are making measurable progress
toward our strategic objectives. By rigorously monitoring our progress and measuring the impact of
our activities, we can make informed adjustments
when needed to advance our counterterrorism
efforts.

All the while, we will be pragmatic in our approach
and mindful of the need to use our resources carefully. This strategy, therefore, prioritizes United States
counterterrorism efforts against those terrorists with
the ability and intent to harm the United States and
our vital national interests and limits United States
efforts overseas to those that directly bolster our
national security. Likewise, to maximize the effectiveness of our actions, we will continue to integrate United States Government counterterrorism
efforts. Finally, we will continually review the efficacy
of our approach through independent assessments

Guided by this strategy, rooted in American principles,
and harnessing our inherent strengths as a nation, we
will eliminate terrorists’ ability to threaten America,
our interests, and our engagement in the world. The
United States—forever the sentinel of democracy and
freedom—will prevail over terrorism and preserve
the American way of life. Through our triumph, we
will demonstrate that American strength remains a
lasting force for good in the world.

3

 NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR COUNTERTERRORISM

National Strategy

for

Counterterrorism

at a

Glance

The strategic objectives are critical to reaching the desired end states, and the lines of effort are the means
for achieving them.

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
The capacity of terrorists to conduct
attacks in the homeland and
against vital United States interests
overseas is sharply diminished

Americans are prepared and protected from
terrorist attacks in the homeland, including
through more exacting border security and law
enforcement actions

The sources of strength and support
upon which terrorists rely are
severed

Terrorists are unable to acquire or use Weapons
of Mass Destruction (WMD), including chemical,
biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons,
and other advanced weaponry

Terrorists’ ability to radicalize,
recruit, and mobilize to violence in
the homeland is diminished

Public sector partners, private sector partners,
and foreign partners take a greater role in
preventing and countering terrorism

END STATES
The terrorist threat to the United States is
eliminated
Our borders and all ports of entry into the United
States are secure against terrorist threats
Terrorism, radical Islamist ideologies, and other
violent extremist ideologies do not undermine
the American way of life
Foreign partners address terrorist threats so that
these threats do not jeopardize the collective
interests of the United States and our partners.

LINES OF EFFORT
Pursue terrorist threats to their source
Isolate terrorists from financial, material, and
logistical sources of support
Modernize and integrate a broader set of United
States tools and authorities to counter terrorism
and protect the homeland
Protect United States infrastructure and enhance
preparedness
Counter terrorist radicalization and recruitment
Strengthen the counterterrorism abilities of
international partners
5

 The Terrorist A dversary
The United States and our allies face an increasingly complex terrorist landscape,
populated by a diverse array of actors employing new technologies and tactics
to advance their agendas. The terrorist threat to the United States is growing
more dynamic and diffuse as an increasing number of groups, networks, and
individuals exploit global trends, including the emergence of more secure modes of
communications, the expansion of social and mass media, and persistent instability
across several regions.

Radical Islamist terrorists remain the primary transdevices to defeat aviation security measures, and
national terrorist threat to the United States and
using high-quality media products to recruit extremit s vital national interest s.
ists in the West. Future radical
Prominent terrorist organiIslamist terrorists and other terzations, particularly ISIS and
rorists will continually adapt
“ISIS is on a campaign
al- Qa'ida, have repeate dly
these and other tactics to their
of genocide, committing
demonstrated the intent and
circumstances and the technocapability to attack the homelogical advances of the age. It is,
atrocities across the world.
land and United States intertherefore, critical that the United
Radical Islamic terrorists
ests and continue to plot new
States counterterrorism posare determined to strike our
attacks and inspire susceptible
ture be agile enough to adapt as
people to commit acts of viowell.
homeland, as they did on
lence inside the United States.1
9/11, as they did from Boston
These groups stoke and exploit
Radical Islamist terrorists have
to Orlando to San Bernardino
weak governance, conflict, instaa violent extremist ideolog y
bility, and longstanding politithat ser ves to create a comand all across Europe.”
cal and religious grievances to
mon identity and sense of purPRESIDENT
pursue their goal of eliminating
pose for those susceptible to its
DONALD J. TRUMP
Western influence in majority
core message. This vile ideolMuslim countries and remaking
ogy is used to indoctrinate new
Islamic society.
recruits to accept terrorist groups' goals and directives without question, and also allows these groups
Radical Islamist terrorist groups have developed
to maintain cohesion, ensure conformity, and jusand used methods that have challenged United
tify the use of violence to meet the ideology's goals.
States counterterrorism efforts, including estabIt avails terrorists of a worldview that helps unify
lishing state-like governing institutions within their
their efforts by fomenting conflict and attempts to
safe havens, deploying sophisticated explosive
legitimize terrorism by elevating the social status of
The intelligence and law enforcement communities refer to an individual in the United States radicalized and mobilized to violence by radical Islamist
terrorist ideologies as a homegrown violent extremist (HVE).

1

7

 NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR COUNTERTERRORISM

group members and absolving individuals from culpability for their participation in violence. Because
of this, we must ensure that our efforts will undermine the appeal of this ideology of hate. Its resilience, power, and appeal make it a grave danger
to not just our own nation’s security but also that
of our allies across the globe. Without the appeal
of this ideology, radical Islamist terrorism has no
foundation.

new routes. Europe's struggle to screen the people
crossing its borders highlights the importance
of ensuring strong United States borders so that
terrorists cannot enter the United States.
In addition, the savagery of ISIS has caused a massive movement of millions of innocent refugees.
Our battlefield successes, meanwhile, have given
way to the flight of thousands of terrorists seeking to evade justice. As defeated fighters and their
families disperse, the United States and our partners must remain vigilant to ensure that terrorists cannot evade our security measures to
threaten our people and way of life.

ISIS remains the foremost radical Islamist terrorist
group and the primar y transnational terrorist
threat to the United States, despite ongoing United
States and coalition civilian and military efforts
that have diminished the group's footprint in Iraq
and Syria, killed thousands of its members, and
curtailed its global expansion. ISIS retains the
financial and material resources and expertise to
launch external attacks—including against United
States interests—and its senior leaders continue
to call for attacks against the United States. The
group's global reach remains robust, with eight
official branches and more than two dozen networks
regularly conducting terrorist and insurgent
operations across Africa, Asia, Europe, and the
Middle East. Despite many setbacks, ISIS maintains
a sophisticated and durable media and online
presence that allows it to encourage and enable
sympathizers worldwide to conduct dozens of
attacks within target countries, including the United
States. The increase in attacks by persons mobilized
to violence in the United States underscores the
ability of ISIS to inspire terrorist attacks.

Meanwhile, al-Qa'ida's global network remains
resilient and poses an enduring threat to the
homeland and United States interests around the
world. Consistent United States-led counterterrorism
pressure has removed many of its senior leaders
and reduced the group’s ability to operate in South
Asia, but its affiliates continue to plan and carry
out terrorist attacks against the United States and
our allies, as well as raise funds from individual
supporters through the international financial
system. Affiliate resources are primarily focused on
local and regional conflicts, but key operatives and
elements within the network continue to seek out
new opportunities to strike the homeland and United
States interests and to inspire attacks inside the
United States. Veteran al-Qa‘ida leaders are working
to consolidate and expand the group’s presence
in several regions, including in Syria, from which it
aspires to launch new attacks against the United
States and our allies.

ISIS has been innovative and determined in
its pursuit of attacks in the West. The group
has exploited weaknesses in European border
security to great effect by capitalizing on the
migrant crisis to seed attack operatives into the
region. For instance, two of the perpetrators of
the 2015 ISIS attacks in Paris, France, infiltrated
the country by posing as migrants. Further, ISIS
is continuing its efforts to circumvent European
efforts to shore up border security by identifying

Both ISIS and al-Qa'ida have inspired people
susceptible to their malign influence to conduct
terrorist attacks inside the United States. This
will probably remain the most frequent form of
radical Islamist terrorism in the United States for
the next several years. Such attacks, motivated
by a wide range of factors, will continue to be
conducted primarily through the use of simple

8

 THE TERRORIST ADVERSARY

tactics against predominantly soft targets. ISIS
is likely to remain the main inspiration for such
attacks, particularly if the group can retain its
prominence and use social and mainstream media
coverage to promote its violent message.

Through the Islamic Revolutionary Guard CorpsQods Force (IRGC-QF), Iran's primary terrorist support arm, the Government of Iran provides financial and material support, training, and guidance
to Hizballah and other Shia militant groups operating in Bahrain, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen. It also supports HAMAS and other Palestinian terrorist groups.
With operatives deployed around the world, the
IRGC-QF has the capability to target United States
interests and possibly the homeland.

In addition to ISIS and al-Qa'ida, dozens of other radical Islamist terrorist groups are working to advance
more locally focused insurgent or terrorist campaigns, while still posing a threat to United States persons and interests overseas. These groups, including
Boko Haram, Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan, and Lashkar-e
There is also a broad range of revolutionary, nationTayyiba, employ a range of political and terrorist tacalist, and separatist movements overseas whose use
tics to undermine local governments and conduct
of violence and intent to destabilize societies often
attacks. These organizations
puts American lives at risk. For
will probably prioritize regional
example, the Nordic Resistance
Movement is a prominent transgoals over attacks against the
“Iran and its proxies
national, self-described nationhomeland or United States
have bombed American
alist-socialist organization with
interests because of resource
embassies and military
anti-Western views that has conconstraints or political conducted violent attacks against
siderations. However, many of
installations, murdered
Muslims, left-wing groups, and
these groups are hostile to the
hundreds of American
others. The group has demonUnited States, maintain netservice members, and
strated against United States
works of sympathizers around
the world, and retain ties to ISIS
Government actions it perceives
kidnapped, imprisoned,
or al-Qa'ida, underscoring their
are supportive of Israel and has
and tortured American
the potential to extend its tarpotential threat to United States
citizens.”
geting to United States interinterests.
ests. Similarly, the neo-Nazi
PRESIDENT
National Action Group, a terrorIran remains the most promDONALD J. TRUMP
ist organization that was banned
inent state sponsor of terrorby the United Kingdom in 2016
ism, supporting militant and
terrorist groups across the Middle East and cultifor its promotion of violence against politicians and
vating a network of operatives that pose a threat in
minorities, operates mainly in the United Kingdom
the United States and globally. These groups, most
but has engaged with like-minded groups in the
notably Lebanese Hizballah (Hizballah), use terrorUnited States, Estonia, France, Germany, Latvia, and
ism and other asymmetric means in partnership
Poland—expanding the potential influence of its viowith Iran to expand their influence in Iraq, Lebanon,
lent ideology. Likewise, Babbar Khalsa International
the Palestinian territories, Syria, and Yemen and
seeks, through violent means, to establish its own
to destabilize their rivals. Hizballah fields powerindependent state in India and is responsible for sigful military and intelligence elements, possesses
nificant terrorist attacks in India and elsewhere that
have claimed the lives of innocent civilians. Such
large stocks of sophisticated arms, and maintains
groups may avoid or deprioritize targeting United
extensive networks of operatives and sympathizStates interests for now to avoid detracting from
ers overseas, including individuals in the homeland.

9

 NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR COUNTERTERRORISM

their core goals but frequently conduct assassinations and bombings against major economic, political, and social targets, heightening the risk to United
States personnel and interests overseas.

extremist groups attempt to advance their agendas
through acts of force or violence. Notably, domestic terrorism in the United States is on the rise, with
an increasing number of fatalities and violent nonlethal acts committed by domestic terrorists against
people and property in the United States. The economic harm caused by domestic terrorists has
also increased sharply as domestic terrorists have
continued to destroy property, disrupt business,
and perpetrate financial crimes that are designed
to damage certain sectors of the United States
economy.

Lastly, the United States has long faced a persistent
security threat from domestic terrorists who are
not motivated by a radical Islamist ideology but are
instead motivated by other forms of violent extremism, such as racially motivated extremism, animal
rights extremism, environmental extremism, sovereign citizen extremism, and militia extremism. Such

10

 P rioritization

and

R esourcing

As President Trump has noted, “America is a sovereign nation and our first priority
is always the safety and security of our citizens.” The United States must, therefore,
relentlessly focus on countering terrorism that jeopardizes American citizens
and interests. We will not dilute our counterterrorism efforts by attempting to be
everywhere all the time, trying to eradicate all threats. We can and will, however,
optimize and focus our resources to effectively prevent and counter those terrorists
who pose a direct threat to the United States homeland and vital national interests.
To combat what has become a more complex and
In addition, counterterrorism efforts must be properly
geographically dispersed terrorist threat, the United
balanced across all instruments of national power and
States will prioritize integrated actions and resources
include the efforts of traditional and non-traditional
against those terrorists that have both the intent and
partners. While the United States must retain the abilcapability to attack the United
ity to strike at terrorism around the
States and our interests abroad.
globe, non-military tools—such
“When it comes to
As noted, radical Islamist terroras law enforcement, intelligence,
ists present the most dangerdiplomacy, financial measures,
terrorism, we will do
ous transnational terrorist threat
stabilization, development, prewhatever is necessary
to the United States and our vital
vention, and inter vention and
to protect our nation.”
national interests as defined in the
reintegration programs—are also
National Security Strategy.  At the
required to prevent and counter
PRESIDENT
same time, the United States also
DONALD J. TRUMP
terrorism. We must, therefore,
faces threats from Iran-backed
increase our focus on developing
terrorist groups and other transdomestic and foreign partners’
national terrorist organizations. In the homeland, we
non-military counterterrorism capabilities so they
will continue to confront the rising threat of attacks
can act independently against terrorists.
committed by persons inspired and mobilized to violence by both radical Islamist ideologies and domesFinally, as we embark on this new approach, we must
tic terrorist ideologies.
rigorously monitor and assess our effectiveness and
adjust operations accordingly.  Annual independent
Terrorists and the threats they pose, however, are not
strategic assessments informed by research, intelmonolithic. The dangers posed by different terrorists
ligence, and analysis will ensure that we are making
vary by group and by region. The National Strategy
measurable progress toward our strategic objectives.
for Counterterrorism, therefore, will guide the tools
These assessments will identify the impediments to
and approaches used for counterterrorism efforts
our effectiveness and recommend adjustments to
and will generally defer to regional, functional, and
the strategy to outpace dynamic adversaries. They
group-specific strategies to prioritize terrorist groups
will also ensure that our progress is sustainable as we
based upon the threat they pose to our homeland
continue to address the full range of contemporary
and vital national interests.
national security challenges.

11

 P ursue Terrorist Threats
to Their S ource

Terrorists are difficult to disrupt because they are highly adaptive and use any
means to achieve their ends. Within the United States, they exploit our open and free
society to target civilians. They take advantage of technology, such as the Internet
and encrypted communications, to promote their malicious goals and spread their
violent ideologies. Overseas, they thrive in countries with weak governments and
where disenfranchised populations are vulnerable to terrorists' destructive and
misinformed narratives, and they are adaptive in the face of pressure from countries
with strong governments. Some are sheltered and supported by foreign governments
or even do their bidding.
In the past, when the United States and our partners
have disrupted terrorist plots, some terrorists
remained in hiding, only to reemerge when pressure
subsided. Therefore, the United States must do
more than disrupt individual plots—we must pursue
the entirety of the network involved in terrorist
plotting to prevent the remaining terrorists from
reviving their operations.

activity and maintain pressure on key terrorists and
terrorist organizations.

Priority Actions
TARGET KEY TERRORISTS AND TERRORIST GROUPS:

Using both military and non-military capabilities,
we will target the terrorists and terrorist groups
who pose the greatest threat to American citizens
and interests. This will include terrorist leaders,
operational planners, and individuals deploying
their expertise in areas such as WMD, explosives,
cyber operations, and propaganda. We will apply
persistent pressure through sustained United States
and partner intelligence, law enforcement, economic
and financial measures, and military action to
disrupt, degrade, and prevent the reconstitution of
terrorist networks.

At home, law enforcement at all levels of government will continue to pursue known or suspected
terrorists, integrating all sources of information
available. Overseas, we will disrupt terrorist networks that pose a credible threat to United States
interests by conducting military, intelligence, and
law enforcement operations and employing financial measures against discrete targets—working by,
with, and through partners where possible. We will
also enhance intelligence-sharing arrangements,
increasing the timeliness and quality of exchange
to identify the entire network involved in terrorist

ENHANCE REACH INTO DENIED AREAS OVERSEAS:  Where

we cannot establish a physical presence to protect

13

 NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR COUNTERTERRORISM

FURTHER INTEGRATE FEDERAL, STATE, A ND LOCAL

our interests directly, we will develop innovative
means and work with partners to expand our
capability to identify and mitigate emerging threats
before they can strike the United States and our
national interests.

CO U N T E R T E R R O R I S M I N FO R M AT I O N -S H A R I N G :

We will improve the ability to share timely and
sensitive information on threats and the individuals
p er p et r at ing t hem, whet her mot i vate d by
domestic or foreign terrorist ideologies, across all
levels of government. We will continue to ensure
that law enforcement agencies across all levels
of government have the information that they
need to identify and act swiftly against terrorist
activity.

EFFECTIVELY USE L AW OF ARMED CONFLICT (LOAC)
DETENTION AS A COUNTERTERRORISM TOOL: The deten-

tion of enemies under the LOAC permits the United
States to humanely remove dangerous terrorists
from the battlefield and enhances our ability to collect intelligence from captured terrorists. This capability, in certain circumstances, also permits detention of terrorists pending their transfer to the United
States for criminal prosecution. We will, therefore, retain LOAC detention as a counterterrorism
tool, preserve our ability to detain terrorists at the
detention facilities at United States Naval Station
Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and explore ways to better
integrate and maximize the utility of this capability
where lawful and appropriate.

A MPLIF Y THE IMPAC T OF COUNTERTERRORISM
OPERATIONS WITH STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS:  We
will integrate our strategic communications
capabilit y across our ef for ts to send a clear
message: those who threaten the United States
will pay a serious price, and America stands
in solidarity with the populations upon which
terrorists prey. This message will aim to discredit
terrorist narratives, dissuade potential terrorist
supporters, and demonstrate that the effects of
our counterterrorism operations are not limited
solely to direct action.

14

 Isolate Terrorists from Financial,
M aterial, and L ogistical
Sources of Support

The technological advances of the past century have created an interconnected
world in which it is easier than ever to quickly move people, funding, material,
and information across the globe. The backbone of this interconnected system
is information technology—largely created and facilitated by the United States
Government and private industry—that is increasingly enabling faster transactions
of all kinds across the world. Terrorists use these same publicly available technologies
to command and control their organizations and to plot attacks, travel, and abuse
the global financial system to raise funds and procure weapons, materiel, and basic
necessities.
Terrorists cannot sustain their
Priority Actions
operations without these
“As we deny terrorist
ENHANCE DETECTION AND
resources. The United States
DISRUPTION OF TERRORIST
organizations control of
and our par tner s abroad
TR AVEL: We will continue to
and in the private sec tor
territory and populations, we
collec t and share relevant
mus t , t herefore, pre vent
must also strip them of their
information on terrorist travel
terrorists from using them
and identities, with a focus on
access
to
funds.
We
must
cut
while safeguarding these
providing information that the
resources for legitimate use.
off the financial channels that
public and private sector can
To accomplish this, we will
let ISIS sell oil, let extremists
use to identify and disrupt the
increase information-sharing
movement of terrorists. We will
pay their fighters, and help
with the private sector and will
also continue to work closely
tear down existing barriers to
terrorists smuggle their
with our partners to enhance
information-sharing. Around
reinforcements.”
travel securit y and border
the globe, we will promote
protection to prevent terrorists
P
R
E
S
I
D
E
N
T
ef fe c t ive enforcement of
DONALD J. TRUMP
fleeing conflict zones from
legislation and policies
infiltrating civilian populations.
a im e d at p r ote c t in g t h e
By sharing identity information
commerce, transportation,
and exploiting publicly available information, such
and communication industries. We will also identify
as social media, we will identify these terrorists
policies that must change as terrorists adapt.

15

 NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR COUNTERTERRORISM

PREVENT DEVELOPMENT AND ACQUISITION OF ATTACK

and enable law enforcement action against them in
their home countries. In these efforts, we will take
appropriate steps to protect privacy, civil rights, and
civil liberties.

CAPABILITIES: We will prevent terrorists from develop-

ing or acquiring knowledge and material that enables
the development of WMD and other advanced weapons, including the capability to perform large-scale
cyber attacks. We will work with partner nations,
international organizations, and commercial entities
to improve their capacity to secure dangerous materials and ensure that terrorists cannot exploit the scientific and academic communities to acquire new
capabilities.

COUNTER EXISTING AND EMERGING TERRORIST FUNDING
METHODS: We will collaborate across the public and

private sectors to enhance information-sharing
regarding terrorists’ financial data, transactions, and
activities. We will use this information and our economic authorities, including financial sanctions and
other financial measures, as well as law enforcement
action, to deny terrorists the ability to raise funds,
including by disrupting terrorist financing and dismantling terrorist support networks, to prevent terrorists from abusing the United States and global
financial systems, and to dissuade people from providing funds or materiel to terrorists. We will also
share this information and collaborate with foreign partners to support their own targeted actions
against terrorist financing networks and promote the
effective implementation of international standards
to counter terrorist financing worldwide.

EXPOSE AND COUNTER STATE SUPPORT TO TERRORISM:

While some countries, such as Iran, continue to use
terrorism as an overt tool of their foreign policy,
most countries that provide support for terrorists do
so clandestinely, exploiting legitimate commercial
networks to conceal their support activity. The
United States will continue to acquire evidence of
these states’ deceptive practices and work with
allies and partners to identify and punish states that
support terrorism.

16

 Modernize and Integrate a Broader Set
of United States Tools and
Authorities to Counter Terrorism and
P rotect the Homeland

Terrorists are typically clandestine actors, banding in small groups or acting alone
and hiding in plain sight. We must stay ahead of terrorist attacks by advancing our
detection capabilities and capacity to share early indicators with those who can piece
together plot information and take action.
We will, therefore, move toward seamless integration
fighters from traveling to the United States. We will
and analysis of all information available to the United
also share technology that allows partners to screen
States and our partners and
cargo and baggage for threats,
develop technology to enable
including WMD materials and
lawful and appropriate responses
precursors. At our borders, we
“While we will always
that rapidly identify and stop terwill modernize our screening
welcome new citizens who
rorist threats. As we continue to
and identity intelligence capaprotect information appropriately,
bilities to track terrorist travshare our values and love our
we will deny terrorists the abilelers and prevent the entry of
people, our borders will always
ity to take advantage of our open
those who support terrorist idebe
closed
to
terrorism
and
society, and we will stop them
ologies and violence.
before they can attack.
extremism of any kind.”

Priority Actions

PRESIDENT
DONALD J. TRUMP

DEPLOY THE INTEGR ATED
FEDER A L COUNTERTERRORISM

COMMUNITY AT LOCAL LEVELS: We
will continue to appropriately
staff and support joint terrorism task forces and
interagency fusion centers with leaders and team
members detailed from a variety of departments
and agencies. This will ensure that the federal
government is able to deploy our full range of
exper tise and authorities where it will most
effectively support state and local law enforcement
partners.

SECURE OUR BORDERS FROM
TERRORIST THREATS: We will integrate capabilities and authorities from across the United States
Government and coordinate with our partners
abroad to prevent terrorists from entering the homeland. Our efforts will begin overseas, where we will
ensure that our partners share and use information, such as watchlists, biometric information, and
travel data, to prevent terrorists and fleeing foreign

17

 NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR COUNTERTERRORISM

ADOPT TECHNOLOGIES TO PROCESS DATA: We will har-

INVESTIGATE AND INTEGRATE THREAT INFORMATION

ness technologies that allow our counterterrorism
efforts to keep pace with a dynamic environment
and build holistic identities of terrorists. The technologies we develop will be usable and accessible
across the agencies of the United States Government
to ensure sharing and integration. We will also seek
to enhance our ability to access terrorist communications, including by using technical tools and by law
enforcement working with private industry to confront
challenges posed by technological barriers.

RELATING TO DOMESTIC TERRORISTS AND THEIR OVERSEAS COUNTERPARTS: Where

lawful and appropriate, departments and agencies will investigate ties
between domestic terrorists not motivated by radical Islamist ideologies and their overseas counterpar ts to more fully understand them. This
investigation will include identifying indicators of
mobilization to violence. Where applicable, we will
better integrate domestic terrorism information into
our analysis of homeland threats and continue information-sharing among our federal, state, local, and
tribal law enforcement partners.

BUILD A HOLISTIC PICTURE OF TERRORISTS’ IDENTITIES:

We will enhance the collection, discovery, and
exploitation of identity information supporting the
counterterrorism mission, particularly biometric
data. We will also identify and use other categories
of identity information, including publicly available
information, financial intelligence, and captured
enemy material. We will improve the interoperability
among United States Government systems to enable
more efficient sharing of this information, bolstering
our analysis and screening capabilities.

UPDATE COUNTERTERRORISM POLICIES: We will fully
empower the national security and law enforcement communities to pursue terrorist threats to their
source and prevent terrorist attacks while respecting Americans’ rights. We will focus on policies that
have not kept up with the evolving threat picture and
technology environment. For example, we will allow
agencies to more easily share identity intelligence
about terrorists and use publicly available information to preempt emerging threats.

18

 P rotect United States
Infrastructure and Enhance
P reparedness

The critical infrastructure of the United States—much of which is privately owned—
provides the essential goods and services that drive American prosperity. Coordinated
efforts are, therefore, necessary to strengthen and maintain secure and resilient
critical infrastructure and to prepare Americans to respond appropriately should
an attack occur. By integrating and improving preparedness across all levels of
government as well as the private and public sectors, we will stop terrorists from
undermining our security and prosperity.
Critical infrastructure has long been subject to physPriority Actions
ical threats and is now increasingly exposed to the
risk of attacks in cyberspace. Our infrastructure is
ENHANCE DEFENSIVE MEASURES FOR INFRASTRUCTURE
also interconnected, meaning
AND SOFT TARGETS: As terrorists
that damage or disruption of
seek new ways to attack our
one infrastructure element can
infrastructure and soft targets—
“As we rebuild America’s
cause cascading effects impactboth at home and abroad—we
strength and confidence at
ing other forms of infrastructure.
will improve and innovate our
home,
we
are
also
We will stop terrorists’ attempts
layered defenses. We will ensure
to break through our defenses
redundancy of our systems,
restoring our strength and
by building strong partnerships
including systems in cyberspace,
standing abroad.”
and by implementing innovaan d de ve lop m ea sure s for
PRESIDENT
tive methods for protecting our
rapid recovery for systems if an
DONALD J. TRUMP
infrastructure from attack and
attack should occur, facilitating
disruption.
their quick return to normal
operations.
In addition, working with a range of stakeholders,
including those from the private sector and civil
BROADEN AWARENESS OF THE TERRORIST THREAT TO
society, we will enhance preparedness and increase
UNITED STATES CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE:  We will
public awareness about national effor ts and
ensure that key private sector and foreign partners
successes in confronting terrorism to increase public
are informed of the potential terrorist threat to their
trust and confidence in America’s strength.
facilities. We will incorporate state and local law

19

 NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR COUNTERTERRORISM

enforcement and emergency services personnel
as well as critical infrastructure participants into
national exercises featuring realistic terrorism
scenarios.

notification systems. Recognizing that past terrorist attacks often targeted the private sector and civilians, we will welcome their partnership in sharing
best practices in stopping and recovering from terrorist attacks and related incidents.

ENHANCE PREPAREDNESS AND PROMOTE READINESS:

Partnering with an expanded network of organizations, individuals, and all levels of government, we will ensure that our society is prepared
to withstand and quickly recover from a terrorist
attack, including the possibility of a WMD attack.
We will do this by conducting public information
campaigns, training emergency response personnel, and ensuring the viability of our emergency

DEVELOP A PUBLIC COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY: Through

a coordinated counterterrorism communications
plan, we will educate the public on how to prepare for, respond during, and quickly recover after an
attack. We will also train federal, state, and local interlocutors on interactions with the public that foster a
culture of preparedness and resilience.

20

 C ounter Terrorist R adicalization
R ecruitment

and

Over the past seventeen years, we have built a robust counterterrorism architecture
to stop attacks and eliminate terrorists, but we have not developed a prevention
architecture to thwart terrorist radicalization and recruitment. Unless we counter
terrorist radicalization and recruitment, we will be fighting a never-ending battle
against terrorism in the homeland, overseas, and online. Our strategy, therefore, will
champion and institutionalize prevention and create a global prevention architecture
with the help of civil society, private partners, and the technology industry.
Priority Actions

ologies contain elements that have enduring appeal
among their audiences. To undercut terrorist recruiting, we will demonstrate that their claims are false
and do not offer effective solutions. We will exploit
doubts among potential recruits to reduce terrorists' ability to incite violence and recruit. We will also
communicate alternatives and promote off ramps
from violence to prevent individuals from becoming
more committed to these ideologies and their violent means. Throughout this cycle of recruitment
and mobilization, we will take advantage of our operational, diplomatic, and development successes to
demonstrate the futility of terrorist violence.

INSTITUTIONALIZE A PREVENTION ARCHITECTURE TO
THWART TERRORISM: We will support local solutions

and empower stakeholders, providing them with
the knowledge and resources they need to address
terrorist threats. Early warning systems, including
bystander reporting, will be a critical component
of this architecture. We will also work closely with
foreign partners, the technology sector, religious
leaders, local stakeholders, and international fora
to identify and share best practices. We will also
seek to promote voices of pluralism and tolerance.
Through these efforts, we will prevent radicalization
and mobilization to violence across all violent
extremist ideologies.

INCREASE CIVIL SOCIET Y’S ROLE IN TERRORISM
PREVENTION: Through engagement, public communications, and diplomacy, we will strengthen
and connect our partners in civil society who are
eager to expand their limited terrorism prevention
efforts. We will raise awareness of radicalization
and recruitment dynamics, highlight successful prevention and intervention approaches domestically
and overseas, and empower local partners through

We will
undermine the ability of terrorist ideologies, particularly radical Islamist terrorist ideologies, to create a common identity and sense of purpose among
potential recruits. We must combat the resilience of
terrorist narratives by acknowledging that their ideCOMBAT VIOLENT EXTREMIST IDEOLOGIES:

21

 NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR COUNTERTERRORISM

outreach, training, and international exchanges. We
will also promote grassroots efforts to identify and
address radicalization to insulate civilian populations from terrorist influence.

to violence.  In concert with our partners, we will
expand relationships with technology sector entities
to empower them to combat violent extremism
online and terrorists' abuse of their platforms. We
will continue to expose and counter the flood of
terrorist ideology online.

S U P P O R T I N T E R V E N T I O N , R E I N T E G R AT I O N , A N D

We will identif y
signs of violent radicalization and mobilization to
focus real-world and online intervention efforts to
prevent terrorist attacks. We will work to limit prison
radicalization by training prison staff and supporting
rehabilitation. We will also work with foreign
partners to address the challenge of reintegrating
returning foreign terrorist fighters, their families, and
children into their communities.
COUNTER- RECIDI V ISM EFFORTS:

COUNTER R A DIC A LIZ ATI ON THROUG H S TR ATEG IC
C O M M U N I C AT I O N S : Within the United States
Government, we will create a common operating
picture of terrorists' propaganda activities to detect
and combat terrorists' narratives and better understand the audiences that they try to influence. With
coalition members and our partners in civil society
and international media, we will explain our counterterrorism efforts, highlight examples of non-violent means to address grievances, amplify success
stories of development and recovery, and promote
positive narratives.

COMBAT TERRORISTS' INFLUENCE ONLINE: We will
combat terrorist use of cyberspace as a global stage
to showcase their violent ideologies, to fundraise,
and to radicalize, recruit, and mobilize individuals

22

 Strengthen the Counterterrorism
A bilities of International Partners

While the United States will continue to lead and provide support to partners in the
fight against terrorism, our country need not sustain the primary responsibility for
counterterrorism activities around the world. To address this issue, we will work to
increase our partners' awareness of terrorist threats and strengthen their capacity
and willingness to address them.
Priority Actions

Central to this approach is the adoption of proactive diplomatic engagement, development assistance, and security assistance to help our partners act independently and, ultimately, invest
more of their own capital in bolstering counterterrorism efforts.

ESTABLISH A BROADER RANGE OF COUNTERTERRORISM

Our increasingly interconnected
world demands that we prioritize
the partnerships that will lead to
both actions and enduring efforts
“We must seek partners,
that diminish terrorism. The United
We will call on our capable and
not perfection—and
States will, therefore, partner with
well-resourced partners to increase
to make allies of all
governments and organizations,
their support to countries lacking
including allied nations, the techresources and capabilities. Some
who share our goals.”
nology sector, financial institutions,
partners have better access, experPRESIDENT
and civil society. We will use diplotise, resources, and relationships
DONALD J. TRUMP
matic engagement with partner
in particular geographic and thegovernments and further mobimatic areas, and we will encourlize existing coalitions and multilateral and interage them to employ and refine such tools to more
national fora to increase the will of capable parteffectively internationalize counterterrorism efforts
ners to act against threats while encouraging the
while reducing reliance on United States assisimplementation of international counterterrorism
tance. We will also continue to work with our less
standards and the coordination of international
resourced, non-traditional, or novel partners who
burden-sharing efforts.
may make unique contributions to help advance
our shared counterterrorism efforts. Over time, this
SUPPORT COUNTERTERRORISM CAPABILITIES OF KEY
will result in a more balanced, equitable, and effecFOREIGN PARTNERS: We will continue to augment
tive global approach to counterterrorism.
the capabilities of key foreign partners to conduct
critical counterterrorism activities. We will help
PARTNERSHIPS:

23

 NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR COUNTERTERRORISM

to professionalize the military, law enforcement,
judicial, intelligence, and security services, as well
as financial authorities, of key partners so that they
are able to conduct counterterorrism operations
effectively and justly. We will also work to ensure
that partners meet their responsibilities in holding
their citizens accountable for any acts of terrorism
committed abroad. In addition, we will enhance the
capabilities of key foreign partners to investigate
and prosecute terrorism across borders through law
enforcement cooperation, mutual legal assistance,
and extradition.

about new threats, including terrorists' initial
research into new attack capabilities. Building
on solid partnerships and processes for sharing
information, we will continue to improve the capacity
for information-sharing and work with partners
to allow them to more effectively act on shared
information.
SUPPORT LOCALLY-DRIVEN TERRORISM PREVENTION:

We will work with local stakeholders and civil society
to mitigate the grievances that terrorists exploit.
Internationally, where United States interests are
at stake, we will seek and encourage locally driven
solutions that target specific causes of terrorist
radicalization and mobilization to violence. We will
work with partners to encourage positive narratives
that promote tolerance and security.

To stay
ahead of emerging terrorist trends and methods,
we will prioritize the sharing of information, such as
biometric and geolocational data and information

EXPAND PARTNER INFORMATION-SHARING:

24

 Conclusion
Projecting American Strength
This National Strategy for Counterterrorism marks a shift in America's approach to
countering and preventing terrorism. We will lead with our principles and a cleareyed understanding of a constantly changing operating environment. While this
strategy was necessarily formulated against a backdrop of the threats we face today,
it provides flexible guidance to enable an effective approach against an agile and
adaptive terrorist threat.
This new approach to counterterrorism does not rest
seek to use our openness, tolerance, and freedoms
on the idealistic hope of an easy and unthreatening
against us. They will fail.
world. Terrorism will persist as a
tactic of those who view our democWe will relentlessly pursue those
“Our friends will never
racy as a threat to their tyrannical
terrorists that seek to harm our
aspirations, but the United States
country and remain vigilant and
question our support, and
will remain secure through our
vigorous in our prevention of
our enemies will never
strength, innovation, and indepenattacks. We will not yield to adverdoubt our determination.”
dence of action. We will stay ahead
saries who attack us with bombs,
of our terrorist adversaries by ensurbullets, or propaganda. We will
PRESIDENT
ing that we have the infrastructure,
rise to every challenge, face the
DONALD J. TRUMP
tools, authorities, practices, people,
enemy on every front, and ensure
and the political will to apply the full
a future of peace, security, and
range of our strengths against their vulnerabilities. As
prosperity for our country and the world. We will profascists and communists did before them, terrorists
tect the American dream.

25