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V,
PILOT PHYSICAL MAINTENANCE CONTROL PROGRAM
1 AUGUST 1962

- PROJECT HEADQUARTERS MANUAL 50-1161?1
w"
Distribution-
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U-2 PILOT PHYSICAL MAINTENANCE CONTROL PROGRAM

 

I. GENERAL

The'long range and pre-flight crew control procedures
proposed in this manual have as their purpose the maintenance
of every pilot in optimal physical and mental conditions
at all times. If these conditions are accomplished, an
invaluable contribution will have been made toward the
safety and well-being of the pilot and to the successful
completion of the mission, which is the ultimate goal.
Implementation of this suggested program will be a joint
effort by the detachment Commander, the squadron flight
surgeon, and Project Headquarters. Each project pilot will
be dealt with on an individual basis, and the general rules
governing the ethics of any medical practice should apply
stringently in this program. For instance, any corrective
action necessitated by adherence to these controls should
be "privileged communication" between the Flight Surgeon,
the detachment Commander (when necessary), and the pilot
concerned. Appropriate discretion should be used by the
jFlight Surgeon when informing a pilot, individually, of
the corrective actions the surgeon is authorized to take.
The crew control procedures implemented for each flight
?will be made a matter of permanent record by the Flight
Surgeon. . .

II. ANNUAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS

 

Annual physical examinations for Project U.S. 
pilots will be conducted at the Lovelace Foundation for
Medical Research, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Appointments will
be arranged on a yearly basis by Headquarters personnel.
Physical examinations subsequent to the 1962 review will be
arranged, if possible, so as to complete the evaluation
within sixty days prior to the individual's birth date, unless
this would result in a time interva1_of less than ten months
between the 1962 and 1963 evaluations. In this event, the

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examination will be delayed until at least a ten month
interval has elapsed. If operational considerations preclude
this time limitation, it can be adjusted accordingly, so as
to accomplish this physical. examination as close to the
:specified dates as possible.

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAINING

A. Physiological training will be accomplished in
.accordance with Air Force R.egulation 50?27, and 
Supplement One to AFR 50?27, dated 27 April 1961, and will
include partial presSure suit indoctrination as speCified
in the referenced regulation.

B. Edwards Air Force Base pressure chamber and school 25X1C3
will be utilized for this training.

 

PHYSICAL FITNESS EXERCISE PROGRAM

The U.S. Air Force 53X plan is highly recommended as
one means whereby the Flight Surgeon can give simple but
effective guidance to the pilots in maintaining a high level
of physical competence. Even though this plan is not
recommended primarily as a weight reduction program it is
an effective way of maintaining physical competence once it
is attained. Pilots will be strongly encouraged to avail
themselves of the gymnasium facilities at Edwards main base.
Categorizatidn of physical fitness or competence is somewhat
nebulous. Therefore, no specific requirements will be
levied in this area of crew management.

V. WEIGHT CONTROL

Pilots will be weighed as soon after institution of .
this program as possible, and on a basis thereafter.
Measures will be taken to maintain pilots at an ideal

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weight at all times. Since the Lovelace Clinic has done'
extensive studies on the physical competence of these
pilots, ideal weight levels will be determined for the
pilots, on an individualized basis. This information will
be requested by Headquarters, and will be forwarded to

the field detachment. Until this information is available,
the desirable ranges as set forth by the Subcommittee on
Nutrition, Committee on Public Health, Medical Society of
the County of New York, from the data of the Build and
Blood Pressure Study, 1959, Society of Actuaries, will be
used as a guideline in advising the pilots on weight control.
These weights are set forth below, measured in pounds, in
indoor clothing, for men twenty?five years of age and older.
Height is measured with shoes on, with one?inch heels.
Estimation of frame of the body is basically a clinical
judgment, and should be determined by the local Flight
Surgeon.

 

yeight Small Frame Medium Frame Large Frame
5'2" _112-120 118?129 126-141
5'3" 115-123 121-133 129?144
5'4" 118-126 124-136 132?148
121-129 127-139 135?152
5'6" 124-133 139?143 138-156
5'7" 128?137 134?147 142?161
5'8" 132?141 138-152 147-166
5'9" 136-145 142?156 151?170
5'10" 140-150 146-160 155?174
5'11" 144-154 150-165 159-179
6' 148?158 154?170? 164-184*
6'1" 152-162 158?175 168-189
6'2" 156-167 162-180 173?194
6'3? 160?171 167?185 178?199
6'4" 164-175 172-190 182?204

No grounding action will-be taken on the basis of these
actuary studies. When the individualized studies are
obtained, drivers will be expected to maintain the ideal
weights as determined for them. Ideal weight plus ten pounds
will be considered as an acceptable range. Any pilot weighing
less than his ideal weight will be encouraged by the Flight
Surgeon to come within the ideal range. No administrative
action will be taken as a result of underweight, unless
of malnutrition or physical disease are present.

In this event, the driver will be declared medically

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disqualified for flying duties. No administrative action
will apply to any pilot weighing up to ten pounds in excess
of the ideal weight as determined by the Lovelace Clinic,
although he will be advised by the Flight Surgeon to reduce
to his ideal level. If the weight is between ten and
fifteen pounds in excess of the ideal, the driver will be
given two months to-reduce to a level within his acceptable -
range. If after this period of time, the pilot's weight -
is not within his acceptable range, he will be grounded
until such time as his proper weight is reached. Any pilot
weighing more than fifteen pounds in excess of his ideal
weight will be expected to reduce at a rate of a minimum

of five pounds per month until his weight reaches the range
of acceptable levels. If at any time he fails to show this
rate of weight reduction, he will be grounded immediately,
and will remain so until his acceptable weight range is
accomplished. If, in the opinion of the Flight Surgeon,

any grounded pilot fails to make appropriate progress toward
a proper weight level, by virtue of disregard for this
control program, said pilot can be recommended by the surgeon
for release from the Project. Recommendations will be
forwarded through the detachment Commander to Headquarters,
where the final decision will be made. This action may

1 also be initiated by Headquarters. Grounding action and

recision of same shall be accomplished by the local squadron
Flight SurgeOn, with the approval of the detachment Commander.
Approval of Headquarters in not necessary, but notification
of such action is requested by telephone and in writing. If
the grounded pilot asks for a review of his case, it will be
referred to Headquarters, where reviewing action will be
taken, and notification of decision made. If at any time,
an operational need arises for a grounded pilot, this pilot
will fly only at the discretion of the Flight Surgeon 
that is, if in his opinion, said driver would constitute

no flying hazard to himself or others; and if it would be in
the best interest of successfully accomplishing the mission.
If and when reasons for grounding are discovered, in 
conformance with the above specifications, grounding action
will commence immediately and the pilot concerned will be
prohibited from participation in flying activities from

that date until such time as his weight conforms to the
acCeptable levels. Grounding action will apply to any and
all training and Headquarters directed missions, and will
deprive the pilot concerned of any and all monetary benefits
?which accrue by virtue of flying. Initially, the Specific
methods for weight reduction will be left to the discretion

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of the local Flight Surgeon, since he has the best knowledge
of individual driver characteristics. This could include
such measures as physical exercises, dietary procedures, or
appetite depressants, all of which must be accompanied by
motivation on the part of the driver. Assistance desired

by individuals will be offered by the Flight Surgeon.

VI. REPORTING

reports on project pilots will be submitted to
Headquarters, summarizing progress, recommendations, and
general status of the pilot's physical status. A paragraph
in the Commander's report may be used for this purpose.
These reports will be reviewed by Project Headquarters?
physician and recommendations made accordingly.

VII. PRE-FLIGHT, INFLIGHT, AND POST-FLIGHT CREW CONTROLS

A. Prior to all flights, other than local area, short

duration, and low altitude equipment tests, formal crew
4 preparation will be considered a mandatory pre-flight activity.

.As much advance notice as possible will be given in order 
that proper dietary and rest requirements may be satisfied.
For sorties of ten hours' duratiOn and less, pre-mission crew
control may be supervised to the extent deemed necessary by
the detachment Commander. For any flight, appropriate physical
and mental surveys will be made of the pilot and adequate time
allowed for unsupervised and voluntary pre?mission conditioning.

B. Sorties of more than ten hours' duration will
require a supervised and controlled pre?mission preparation
phase to insure the optimum level of pilot conditioning.
While it is not considered necessary to directly supervise
every activity of the pilot, his program of activities will
be scheduled and monitored during the crew control period.
An example of such period is attached for illustration and
guidance (see C. below). .

1. The following minimum requirements will be
satisfied by crew control procedures.

a. During the period 18-24 hours immediately
prior to scheduled take?off the pilot's activities
will be programmed and directly or indirectly

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supervised as appropriate.

b. Environment, sleep, exercise, and
diet will be controlled and monitored as
necessary.

c. The Flight Surgeon will make an initial
survey of the pilot at the beginning of crew
control, another just prior to flight, and a final
evaluation at the flight's termination.

d. Medication and liquid/food consumption
will be prescribed by the Flight Surgeon during
pre-mission crew control and throughout the
flight. 

e. Quarters and dining facilities will be
provided where a maximum control of environment
and diet can be effected. -

2. Crew Control Considerations and Discussion:

a. The objectives of crew control should be
kept clearly in mind by the pilots and supervisors
when arranging for facilities, scheduling, and 
living under these procedures. Adequate nourish-
ment, rest, and recreation, free from emotional,
mental, or excessive physical stress are the
conditions such controls will help achieve. Under
field conditions, and even to some extent at the
permanent station, some compromises may have to
be made from time to time. However, all reasonable
efforts should be exhausted to provide the best
possible situation in these areas. Established
local facilities will be utilized to maximum extent
where better accomodations can be obtained, 
BOQ, motel, hotel, hospital, gymnasium, etc.,
until appropriate facilities are provided within
the North Base complex; then, these facilities will
be utilized when staging is done from North Base.

b. Appropriate facilities for sleeping and
eating at forward staging areas will be arranged in
whatever manner deemed advisable by the detaChment

Commander.
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C. Sample Crew Control Activities Schedule:

Period prior

to take?off Approx hours Activity

18?24 hours l+00 hours Alert, medical evaluation
of selected pilot.

17-23 1+30-7+30 (1) Light exercise (i.e.,golf,
. swimming, volleyball,gardening,l
calisthenics, etc.)

(2) Relaxed activity of
choice at home if desired
family visit, reading,
cards, chess, hobby, etc.)

15:30 1-l:30 Eating (at designated
facility).

14:00 l+00 Mission Briefing

13:00 10+00 Preparation for and sleep

'3:oo 1+oo Toilet, eat, dress,
transport, etc.?

2:00 +15 Pre?mission medical
examination

1:45 +30 Specialized briefing

1:15 1+15 Pre?breathing, dressing, and

final briefing.
TAKE-OFF

NOTE: The above is intended to illustrate a typical
schedule, outlining type of activities and controls
desired in the crew control period. The actual time of
day take?off scheduled and the circumstances related to

a specific mission will conceivably dictate a revised
pre?mission pilot's schedule. The detachment Commander
will use his judgement in application of this conditioning
program. It should be emphasized that one of the primary
concerns of this control program is to reduce the total
time?out?of-bed for the mission pilot to a minimum. Even
so, in considering a sixteen hour mission, with the
controls as outlined, time out of bed will approach

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eighteen to nineteen hours. This is a figure which
should not be exceeded and should be reduced whenever
possible without sacrificing adequate pilot preparation.

Medical Evaluation

1. Initial Medical Survey - The pilot will be
examined and interviewed by the Flight Surgeon at
the onset of the control period. Any physical abnormalities
or emotional stresses found which in the opinion of the
Flight Surgeon would preclude successful completion of
the mission will be justification for not allowing the 
pilot to proceed.

a. Physical Examination:
(1) Weight (nude)

(2) Blood pressure - sitting, recumbent,
standing (after two minutes).

(3) Pulse before, immediately after,?
and two minutes after exercise.

(4) Body temperature
(5) Respiration - rate
(6) Brief system review:
Skin turgor, color,_markings.

HEENT with special emphasis
on the Ophthalmological examination, oral
cavity, mucous membranes, ear canals,
tympanic membranes. Valsalva should be
checked.

Cardiorespiratory - with clinical
evaluation of the lungs and the heart.

Gastrointestinal - clinical
evaluation.

Genitourinary - with urinalysis,
for specific gravity, albumin, glucose,
and microscopic examination.-

Musculoskeletal - with particular

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emphasis on the spine and the
extremities - range of motion, strength.



Metabolic and endocrine 

clinical evaluation.



'Neurological - deep tendon

and superficial reflex responses.

(1)

Hematological - hemoglobin.

b. A brief evaluation will be.
accomplished by the Flight Surgeon through a
personal interview and should cover these fields

of interest:

(1) Recent social relationships and

judgments -



. 


In marriage,

With children,
With subordinates,
With peers,

With superiors.

(2) Financial management.

(3) InfractionS'of discipline, control,

and judgment.

(4) Recent personal habits (particularly
changes in these habits):






Smoking
Alcoholic intake.
Sleep

Exercises.

(5) Motivation for continuation in
special projects.

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2. If the Flight Surgeon is not in attendance
at the staging area, the pilot will receive a physical
examination before leaving the area where the surgeon
is available. This evaluation Will be made a matter of
record.

3. After initial medical examination, the Flight
Surgeon will emphasize the importance of proper conduct.
adherence to prescribed diet, and scheduled activities.
Close attention will be given to sleep requirements.

As close to ten hours of sleep as possible prior to the
scheduled take-off should be obtained. Sleep during
this period may be induced with a sedative prescribed

by the Flight Surgeon, who will use his judgment in the
choice of drug. Even though controlled sleep will be
mandatory for the extended duration missions, it is
strongly suggested that all pilots of missions in excess
of six hours institute self-imposed restrictions and get
a minimum of eight hours' sleep prior to immediate pre-
flight preparations. On?base sleeping quarters will be
utilized for any mission in excess of ten hours. Facil-
ities for sleep at forward staging areas should be set
up prior to arrival of the pilot at the area. .The
detachment Commander will be responsible for delegating
this responsibility in whatever way he deems most fea-
sible and reliable.

4. A final pro?mission medical check will be
brief and follow the pattern as shown hereon:

a. Blood pressure - resting.

b. Pulse rate.

c. Nystagmus.

d. Skin turgor and markings.

e. Eosinophil count (if practical).
f. General observations.

Eosinophil counts, both pre- and.post~flight, are
suggested as one of the simplest means of at least

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initiating a study on the physiological stress effects
induced by periods of long flight. If facilities were
available, more concrete information could be obtained
by measuring blood and urinary corticosteroid levels;
but in the absence of facilities capable of measuring
these values, it is_suggested that at least the eosi-
nophil counts be dens. Each driver, of course, will
serve as his own baseline, and the study should serve
only as a simple investigative tool by the Flight Sur?
geon, and evaluated as such. If this determination
proves unworthy of the time and effort involved, it
could be discontinued.

5. At the discretion of the local Flight Surgeon,
stimulants, either dexedrine or dexamyl tablets, may be
made available to the drivers for missions in excess of
ten hours. It will be-stressed upon the pilots that
these are not to be taken unless there is a definite in-
dication for such, and such indication will be explained
by the Flight Surgeon. Dosage will be controlled by the
Flight Surgeon.

6. For missions of extended duration, (in excess'
of ten hours), consideration may be given by the Flight
Surgeon to the employment of anti-fatigue drugs such as
Spartase (Wyeth). However, since this drug is recog--
nized primarily as most beneficial in the therapy and
alleviation of chronic fatigue, and not as a prophylaxis
against acute fatigue, it will not be utilised in flight
at the present time. Too, because of the recognized
possible side reactions to this drug, it should be em-
ployed initially on a trial basis before any anticipated
use of it prior to scheduled missions, to assess each
individual pilot's reaction to the drug. Only after an
assessment of this nature that is, only after it has
been demonstrated that the pilot is free from side
reactions to this, or any other drug so employed, 
should it be used in attempting to alleviate some of the
of fatigue. The employment of such drugs is
only suggested as a possible part of the over-all program
of enhancing a pilot's ability to remain physiologically
and mentally capable of successfully completing a mission
of stressful duration. 

7. A post-flight evaluation will be made by the
Flight Surgeon at which time the following debriefing
questionnaire will be completed:

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a. Check any of the following activities in
which you engaged during the 24 hour period prior
to take?off:

Administrative duties (number of hours)
Flying (number of hours)

Sports (number of hours)

Indoor relaxation (number of hours)
Other (if applicable, indicate)

HH

 

 

 

b. Were there any significant factors that
adversely affected your physical or mental condi-
tions in the 24 hour period prior to flight? Yes
No . If yes, indicate.



 

o. Did you get adequate rest and sleep in the
48 hours before flightHow many hours did you sleep during the 24

hour period prior to take-off? hours. Upon
awakening, were you rested? Yes No . If no,
explain.

e. Did you feel that the break in your "normal?
rest-activity cycle significantly impaired your pref
paration for flight? Yes No . If yes, explain
and suggest changes.

f. Did you take sleeping medication prior to
sleep in the 24 hour period prior to take-off?
Yes No . was it satisfactory? Yes No .
If no, explain. -

 

g. Did you eat immediately prior to take?off?
(Within one hour?) Yes No . If yes, indicate
foods or liquids taken.

h. Did you use in-flight food? Yes No .
If yes, indicate type, amount, and time(s) taken
in?flight.

. (1) Was the in-flight diet satisfactory? Yes
No . If no, explain and suggest possible changes.

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j. How much in-flight fluid did you actually
consume? (1 bottle 1 pint). Was it adequate in
.amount, and did it satisfy your thirst? Yes
No . If no, explain.

 

k. rDid you experience any difficulty with
urination during flight? Yes No . If yes,
explain.?

1. When did you have your last bowel movement
prior flight? 1-6 hours 6-12 hours 12-24
hours .

m. Did you defecate in-flight? Yes No 
If no, did you have.an urge to defecate during flight
that was annoying to the extent of serious discomfort?
Yes No .

n. Did you have adequate time for personal
hygiene, briefing, and donning of personal equipment
before takeuoff? Yes No . If no, explain.

0. Were any drugs other than sleep medication
taken during the 72 hour period prior to take-off?
Yes No . If yes, what drug was used? . .
What, if any effects were noted in-flight that could
be attributed to the action of this drug?

p. Did you use dexedrine, or other drugs,
during this flight? Yes No . If yes, what
drug was used? At what time(s) during
flight was it taken? hours after take~off. Were
the effects satisfactory? Yes No If no,
explain.

q. Did you at any time suspect or experience
any difficulty with the oxygen system that would
produce error in your recorded data on the green
card? Yes No . If yes, explain.

r. Did you have any flight difficulties that
may have increased your fatigue or decreased your
flying proficiency? Yes No . If yes, explain.

s. At any time during the flight did you ex-
perience muscle cramps or twitching, muscle or joint

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pain, coughing, or a "creepy" sensation on your
skin? Yes No . If yes, explain.

 

t. At any time during the flight did you
experience any visual acuity or depth perception

problem? Yes _No . If yes, explain, with
comment about effect on subsequent flying perfor-
mance.

u. Did you experience any irritation
during this flight? Yes . If yes,
explain, with comment about effecf on subsequent
flying performance.

v. When did you experience the greatest
degree of fatigue? hours after take-off.

w. Do you feel that fatigue encountered on
this flight significantly affected your flying per?
formance and flying safety? Yes No . If yes,
explain.

x. What areas of your body were most affected
by fatigue?

y. With reference to the period of flight .
after ten hours, did you experience any of the follow?
ing: Yes No . If yes explain. 

(1) anxiety

(2) ineffectual effort

(3) delayed reaction time

(4) difficulty concentrating
(5) irritability

(6) indifference

(7) faintness or weakness

(8) difficulty making decisions

2. How are any of the adverse pilot-aircraft?
mission factors you have indicated above different
from these same or similar adverse factors you have
previously experienced on flights of shorter
duration?

aa. How many more hours do you feel you could
have flown safely?

bb; What recommendations do you have, if any,
for improvement of your personal equipment, and
related pilot comfort gear?

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cc.
flights of

dd;
improvemen
8. Post-
be?accomplished
permanent recor

a.

b.

k.

1.
and miCros

m.

What recommendations do you have for making
this type more safe and more comfortable?

What recommendations do you have for
in the present crew control concept?

flight medical check outlined below will
results will be made a part of the
ds:

Weight (nude)

Blood pressure (resting)

Pulse rate (resting)

Body temperature

Respiratory rate

Deep tendon reflexes

Nystagmus

Skin turgor and markings.

General observations

Hemoglobin

Eosinophil count

Urinalysis albumin, specific gravity,
copic.

Additional findings, post-flight, if

significant, or if mission is aborted early for

medical re

asons.

E. FOOD AND LIQUID CONSUMPTION

 

1. Controlled feeding of a high protein, low residue
diet for mission pilots should begin twenty?four hours prior
to take-off. The objective of this controlled diet is to
provide foods which can be almost completely absorbed from

the gastrointes
residue for the

tinal tract, thereby leaving a minimum of
formation of feces and intestinal gases.

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This obviates the need for frequent defecation and
decreases the likelihood of significant gaseous
expansion in the intestinal tract. It also provides
a more steady state of caloric or energy production.
This diet will be mandatory for mission pilots
flying ten or more consecutive hours, and strongly
recommended for the comfort and well-being of pilots
of any mission in excess of six hours.

2. For missions of short duration, the Flight
Surgeon will stress upon the mission pilot the necessity
of providing proper pro?flight diets at home. Records
of all food and liquid intake during the twenty-four
hour period prior to flight will be maintained by the
mission pilot. This will be submitted to and reviewed
-by the Flight Surgeon. If significant violations or
discrepancies are found by the surgeon, these should
be called to the attention of the pilot, so that
corrections can be made on subsequent control periods.
The pre-flight meal for the mission pilot of flights
in excess of ten hours will be prepared-at the base
hoSpital until such time as kitchen facilities are
provided at North Base. Since time is of the-essence,
this meal will be made accessible to the pilot by
whatever means is available requiring the least amount
of time expended by the pilot, whether it be delivering
the meal to the sleeping quarters, providing transpor-
tation to the hospital, etc. Arrangement for proper
diet in forward staging areas will be provided by the
detachment Commander by whatever means he deems advisable.

3. The basis for such a diet is meat, rice, eggs,
sugar, small amounts of fruit Juices, tea, and coffee.
Foods allowed are as follows:

a. Beverages: carbonated, coffee, tea.

b. Cereals and cereal products: rice,
cream of wheat, noodles, macaroni.

c. Cheese: cottage.

d. Desserts: gelatin, sherbet, angel
food cake, sponge cake, sugar cookies. 

e. Eggs: soft or hard cooked, scrambled,
poached.

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f. Fat: butter or margarine, not in
excess of three tablespoons per day.

g. Fruit: strained juice, canned,
peeled fruit such as peaches or pears, limited
amounts.

h. Meat: fowl, fish, beef, veal, liver,
chicken, fish (baked or broiled).

1. Soups: .clear broth with rice or
noodles.
j. Sweets: sugar, jelly, hard candies

(in limited amounts).

k. Vegetables: strained, such as tomatoes,
peas, carrots, potatoes (baked or boiled); not
over one serving per day.

4. Foods to avoid entirely dur-ing the twenty-
four hour pre? flight period of feeding of the low
residue diet are these:

a. Beverages: milk and milk drinks.

b. Breads: coarse or whole grain.

c. Cereals and cereal products: whole
grain, popcorn.

d. Cheese: all cheeSes, except cottage.
e. Crackers: whole grain.
f. Desserts: all rich desserts, such as

pies and pastries.

g. Fats: in excess of three tablespoons
per day.

h. Fried foods: all.

1. Fruits: all, except strained fruit
juice and canned, peeled fruit,_such as peaches
or pears.

3. Meat: fowl, fish, if fatty (such as
goose or mackerel), fat pork, any tough cuts of
meat, lamb and mutton.

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7? 

k. Nuts
1. Pickles
m. Soups: creamy or spicy.

n. Spices, condiments and highly
seasoned foods.

0. Sweets: jams and marmalades; avoid all
sugar and sweets in excess.

p. Vegetables: all except strained
vegetables such as tomatoes, peas, carrots, and
baked or boiled potatoes.

5. Between?meal snacks or drinks other than
carbonated beverages, coffee, tea or clear soups,
should be avoided.

6. A suggested menu for the pre?flight meal
would be as follows:

Food Size of Serving

 

 

Orange juice 4 oz.
.Broiled sirloin steak (lean) 4?5 oz.
Scrambled eggs 2

Toast 2 slices
Butter 2 teaspoons
Strawberry jelly 1 tablespoon

Coffee - sugar

7. If significant time lapses between the last
meal prior to take-off and actual flight, immediately 
prior to take- off and after all preliminary preparations
are completed, a high carbohydrate, moderate protein,
and low fat meal may be provided, at the driver's
discretion. Such a meal is conducive to increased
altitude tolerance and in addition, provides needed
caloric and liquid requirements. A menu for such a
meal which provides approximately 700 calories and 400
milliliters of water is as follows:

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399% Size of Serving (02.)
,Orange sherbet 4

Frozen strawberries 4

Sugar cookies 2

Milk 8 (even though this should

be avoided at other times
during the control period.)

This snack can be-provided with only a minimal amount
of preparation and effort.

8. At no time will a driver attempt to accomplish
a mission without proper dietary and liquid intake.
These factors are especially important to the pilot in
missions of extended duration. The feeding program
should be aimed toward providing meals with adequate
nutrition and fairly high consumer acceptability. In
a sense, food can assume a role of stress alleviation
in flight, since eating food will be one form of
pleasurable activity.r Palatability, acceptability, and
ease of manipulation of food are extremely important 
facets of the feeding program, particularly inflight.
The food likes and dislikes of each.individual driver.
should be considered in order to provide the most
desirable types of food. Each driver, too, should
familiarize himself with the food which will be avail?
able to him. It is assumed that most, if not all, of
the inflight feeding will of necessity be accomplished
with the semi?solid foods, packaged in the collapsible
Squeeze bottles or tubes. Due to the fact that mission
will vary considerably, each driver's consumption
in flight will be different. The local Flight Surgeon
will assure proper intake for each flight and make
adjustments accordingly. Menus should provide a total
of approximately 2500~3000 calories per day. It is
desirable, too, that drivers be maintained in a state
of water balance both prior to and during flight; the
recommended pre?flight diets provide liberal amounts
of liquids and beverages for this purpose. Overu
hydration in the immediate pre?flight period, such as
the ingestion of excessive amounts of coffee, should
be avoided to reduce the likelihood of encountering

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25X1A

Approved For Regase zoonPI 

difficulties with inflight urination. Alcoholic
beverages Will not be consumed during the twenty-
four_hour period prior to take-off because of their
dehydrating effect. Water intake should approximate
2500?3000 milliliters per day. This includes that
in juices, beverages, and any other fluids in the
food or liquids consumed. .

Any pilot demonstrating apparent and repeated
disregard for the measures proposed in this manual will

be cautioned by the Flight Surgeon that such action will
subject him to consideration for dismissal from the
project. If, after adequate warning, this disregard
continues, Headquarters will be notified by the Flight
Surgeon, through the detachment Commander, and appropriate
action will be taken.

IX. Oxygen consumption should be monitored as closely

as possible, especially on flights in excess of ten hours.
This information can be used in evaluating each pilot's'
individual oxygen consumption rate as well as determine

I adequacy of oxygen supply for any proposed mission.

 

OFFICIAL:

 

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