Americans’ Attitudes about Abortion: From Legality to a Values-Based Framework Three Surveys Reveal both Malleability and Nuance of Abortion Attitudes Washington, DC, August 14, 2018 — 1. When you think about abortion, which of the following is closest to your view? Abortion should Abortion should Abortion should Abortion should Don't know be be be be legal in all cases legal in most cases Illegal in most cases illegal in all cases Total (n=2 01) 23% 27 23 11 14 Republic ans (n=66) 7% 24 42 18 10 Democra ts (n=72) 36% 34 15 3 12 Independe nts (n=45) 31% 22 20 17 10 2. When you think about abortion, which of the following is closest to your view? Abortion should remain legal in the U.S. Abortion should remain legal in the U.S., but with some limitations Abortion should be Illegal in most cases but with some exceptions Abortion should be Illegal in all cases Addres s: Tel: 1 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 Total (n=2 01) 29% Republic ans (n=79) 14% Democra ts (n=64) 50% Independe nts (n=31) 17% 24 23 19 36 26 41 11 25 13 15 11 8 Contac t: Email: Tel: Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – Don't know 9 6 9 14 3. Abortion has been legal in the United States since the 1973 Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade that established a woman's right to an abortion. When you think about abortion, which of the following is closest to your view? Abortion should cases Abortion should cases Abortion should Abortion should Don't know remain legal in the U.S. in all remain legal in the U.S. in most be Illegal in most cases be Illegal in all cases Total (n=2 00) Republic ans (n=77) Democra ts (n=63) Independe nts (n=42) 26% 13% 38% 26% 29 31 28 31 20 20 5 32 18 6 15 17 2 12 26 5 4. When you think about abortion, which of the following is closest to your view? Abortion should remain legal and available to women in the U.S. Abortion should remain legal in the U.S., but there should be limitations on when a woman can get an abortion Abortion should be illegal for women in most cases We should change the law so abortion is illegal in all cases and a woman can never get an abortion Don't know Total (n=2 01) Republic ans (n=63) Democra ts (n=70) Independe nts (n=43) 43% 24% 65% 33% 24 21 24 23 15 21 2 31 14 31 9 8 4 3 1 5 5. Abortion has been legal in the United States since the 1973 Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade that established a woman's right to an abortion. When you think about abortion, which of the following is closest to your view? Addres s: Tel: 2 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 Contac t: Email: Tel: Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – Abortion should remain legal and available to women in the U.S. Abortion should remain legal in the U.S., but there should be limitations on when a woman can get an abortion Abortion should be illegal for women in most cases We should change the law so abortion is illegal in all cases and a woman can never get an abortion Don't know Total (n=2 01) Republic ans (n=71) Democra ts (n=65) Independe nts (n=37) 39% 21% 55% 45% 26 34 20 22 18 31 14 8 7 7 7 12 11 6 4 13 Total (n=1,0 04) 24% 49 28 Republic ans (n=356) 27% 54 20 Democra ts (n=334) 18% 45 37 Independe nts (n=198) 28% 51 21 6. How would you describe the area in which you live? Rural Suburban Urban Addres s: Tel: 3 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 Contac t: Email: Tel: Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – 1. For each of the following, please indicate to what extent you agree or disagree with that statement. Keep in mind your answers are confidential a. We need to protect the rights of the unborn. 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) Total (n=1,00 3) 32% 11 14 21 9 6 7 58% 22% Republic ans (n=341) 48% 16 12 16 4 3 2 76% 8 Democrats (n=347) 22% 10 14 22 13 8 11 45% 33 Independent s (n=209) 25% 8 18 23 11 8 6 51% 26 b. It is not for me to judge a woman who seeks an abortion. 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Addres s: Tel: 4 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 Total (n=1,00 3) 54% 14 10 11 3 2 5 Republic ans (n=341) 34% 14 14 16 6 5 10 Contac t: Email: Tel: Democrats (n=347) 70% 13 8 7 1 1 1 Independent s (n=209) 55% 18 10 10 2 1 4 Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) 79% 10% 63% 21% 90% 3% 83% 7% c. My religious values mean that I cannot support abortion. 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) Total (n=1,00 3) 21% 9 8 13 7 7 34 39% 49% Republic ans (n=341) 36% 12 11 16 6 5 13 59% 25% Democrats (n=347) 11% 9 8 8 7 8 49 28% 64% Independent s (n=209) 13% 9 6 17 9 9 38 27% 56% d. Women who have abortions should receive support and compassion. 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) Total (n=1,00 3) 44% 17 14 11 5 4 5 75% 14% Republic ans (n=341) 31% 16 19 11 7 7 9 67% 23% Democrats (n=347) 60% 17 9 7 3 2 2 86% 6% Independent s (n=209) 42% 20 14 16 4 1 3 76% 8% e. Access to abortion care is essential to women's health. 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 Addres s: Tel: 5 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 Total (n=1,00 3) 36% 13 14 14 Republic ans (n=341) 16% 9 15 17 Contac t: Email: Tel: Democrats (n=347) 52% 18 14 9 Independent s (n=209) 39% 12 12 19 Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) f. 5 4 14 63% 23% 7 7 29 40% 43% 3 1 3 83% 8% 7 2 10 63% 19% If women cannot access safe abortion care it will endanger their health and well-being. 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) Total (n=1,00 3) 46% 13 12 13 4 3 9 71% 16% Republic ans (n=341) 26% 12 13 18 8 7 16 51% 31% Democrats (n=347) 61% 15 11 8 1 1 3 86% 6% Independent s (n=209) 45% 14 12 18 4 1 6 71% 12% g. I do not believe the government should prevent a woman from making her own decision about whether or not to have an abortion 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) Total (n=1,00 3) 48% 12 10 11 5 4 10 70% 19% Republic ans (n=341) 24% 12 13 16 11 8 17 49% 35% Democrats (n=347) 65% 13 8 4 4 2 5 85% 10% Independent s (n=209) 49% 14 11 13 3 1 9 74% 13% h. Women should be able to make decisions about abortion with dignity and respect. Total (n=1,00 3) Addres s: Tel: 6 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 Republic ans (n=341) Contac t: Email: Tel: Democrats (n=347) Independent s (n=209) Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) i. 48% 12 13 13 4 3 7 73% 14% 27% 13 17 15 9 6 14 56% 29% 48% 14 17 13 2 2 5 79% 8% A woman has a right to decide if and when to have an abortion. Total (n=501) 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) j. 66% 12 8 9 1 2 2 86% 5% 45% 13 11 12 4 5 11 69% 19% Republic ans (n=171) 23% 11 8 19 7 11 21 42% 39% Democrats (n=169) 62% 17 12 3 1 1 3 91% 5% Independent s (n=108) 50% 8 15 14 3 3 7 73% 12% For women to be equal in society, it is essential that women have control over the decision of if and when to have an abortion. Total (n=501) 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) 37% 13 15 12 4 4 16 65% 24% Republic ans (n=171) 16% 11 12 15 7 9 30 39% 46% Democrats (n=169) 52% 19 15 4 2 1 7 86% 10% Independent s (n=108) 41% 9 19 18 4 2 7 69% 13% k. A woman who is able to make decisions about if and when to have an abortion has more control over her future and economic security. Addres s: Tel: 7 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 Contac t: Email: Tel: Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – Total (n=501) 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) l. 38% 11 14 17 6 4 10 63% 20% Republic ans (n=171) 17% 12 17 20 5 9 21 46% 35% Democrats (n=169) 53% 14 11 11 5 2 4 78% 11% Independent s (n=108) 41% 8 15 21 6 2 6 64% 14% A woman should be able to make her own decisions about if and when to have an abortion. Total (n=501) 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) 42% 13 15 9 4 5 11 70% 21% Republic ans (n=171) 17% 11 18 13 6 12 23 46% 41% Democrats (n=169) 61% 18 9 4 2 2 4 89% 7% Independent s (n=108) 47% 11 20 7 5 4 6 77% 15% m. A woman should have control over her own body and that means being able to decide if and when to have an abortion. Total (n=501) 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 Addres s: Tel: 8 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 42% 14 12 11 4 5 Republic ans (n=171) 19% 10 14 12 7 13 Contac t: Email: Tel: Democrats (n=169) 61% 20 9 3 3 * Independent s (n=108) 44% 14 12 17 3 4 Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) 11 69% 21% 24 43% 44% 4 90% 7% 5 70% 13% n. Regardless of how I personally feel about abortion, women should be able to have abortions. Total (n=501) 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) 45% 12 10 11 6 5 11 67% 22% Republic ans (n=171) 20% 11 9 16 12 12 21 40% 45% Democrats (n=169) 60% 15 11 5 3 * 5 86% 8% Independent s (n=108) 51% 12 13 11 4 3 7 75% 14% o. A woman has a right to decide if and when to become a parent. Total (n=502) 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) 59% 14 10 10 3 2 2 82% 7% Republic ans (n=170) 39% 16 18 13 4 4 5 73% 14% Democrats (n=178) 73% 12 5 7 3 90% 3% Independent s (n=101) 55% 13 12 14 2 3 81% 5% p. For women to be equal in society, it is essential that women have control over the decision of if and when to become a parent. Total (n=502) Addres s: Tel: 9 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 Republic ans Contac t: Email: Tel: Democrats (n=178) Independent s Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) (n=170) 28% 16 15 19 6 3 13 59% 22% 46% 16 11 13 4 3 7 73% 14% 58% 18 9 8 3 2 2 85% 7% (n=108) 46% 16 10 18 3 3 4 73% 9% q. A woman who is able to make decisions about if and when to become a parent has more control over her future and economic security. Total (n=502) 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) r. 42% 21 14 12 4 3 4 76% 12% 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) Tel: 10 Democrats (n=178) 54% 25 10 7 2 1 2 88% 5% Independent s (n=101) 48% 11 22 9 6 1 3 81% 10% A woman should be able to make her own decisions about if and when to become a parent. Total (n=502) Addres s: Republic ans (n=170) 24% 24 14 20 7 5 6 62% 18% 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 56% 15 12 10 3 2 3 82% 8% Republic ans (n=170) 38% 15 16 14 7 4 6 69% 17% Contac t: Email: Tel: Democrats (n=178) 71% 16 4 7 1 * 1 91% 2% Independent s (n=101) 51% 14 21 8 2 3 1 86% 6% Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – s. A woman should have control over her own body and that means being able to decide if and when to become a parent. Total (n=502) 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) t. 53% 14 14 11 4 1 3 81% 8% Republic ans (n=170) 30% 18 18 16 6 3 9 66% 17% Democrats (n=178) 68% 14 11 4 3 * 93% 3% Independent s (n=101) 54% 8 15 18 3 1 1 77% 5% Regardless of how I personally feel about abortion, women should be able to choose if and when to become a parent. Total (n=502) 7-Strongly agree 6 5 4 3 2 1-Strongly disagree Top 3 (Net) Bottom 3 (Net) 54% 14 13 10 3 1 5 81% 9% Republic ans (n=170) 37% 14 14 16 5 2 11 65% 18% Democrats (n=178) 67% 14 12 4 2 * * 93% 3% Independent s (n=101) 55% 14 15 9 4 1 3 83% 8% 2. Opinions about reproductive health can be complex and involve a mix of feelings and attitudes. Of the questions asked below, which three statements come closest to capturing your feelings and views on abortion? Total (n=1,00 3) Addres s: Tel: 11 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 Republic ans (n=341) Contac t: Email: Tel: Democrats (n=347) Independent s (n=209) Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – We need to protect the rights of the unborn. It is not for me to judge a woman who seeks an abortion. My religious values mean that I cannot support abortion. Women who have abortions should receive support and compassion. Access to abortion care is essential to women's health. If women cannot access safe abortion care it will endanger their health and well-being. I do not believe the government should prevent a woman from making her own decision about whether or not to have an abortion. Women should be able to make decisions about abortion with dignity and respect. A woman has a right to decide if and when to have an abortion. For women to be equal in society, it is essential that women have control over the decision of if and when to have an abortion. A woman who is able to make decisions about if and when to have an abortion has more control over her future and economic security. A woman should be able to make her own decisions about if and when to have an abortion. A woman should have control over her own body and that means being able to decide if and when to have an abortion. Regardless of how I personally feel about abortion, women should be able to have abortions. A woman has a right to decide if and when to become a parent. For women to be equal in society, it is essential that women have control over the decision of if and when to become a parent. A woman who is able to make decisions about if and when to become a parent Addres s: Tel: 12 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 26% 47% 13% 18% 34 33 35 32 19 34 7 16 16 18 12 18 10 6 12 10 16 13 15 20 32 19 38 41 17 13 21 18 8 6 13 7 4 3 6 1 4 2 5 6 8 7 9 6 10 7 13 10 9 7 9 13 8 10 8 7 5 5 6 4 6 3 7 6 Contac t: Email: Tel: Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – has more control over her future and economic security. A woman should be able to make her own decisions about if and when to become a parent. A woman should have control over her own body and that means being able to decide if and when to become a parent. Regardless of how I personally feel about abortion, women should be able to choose if and when to become a parent. 8 7 10 5 10 6 15 9 14 13 17 17 1. For each of the following, to what extent do you agree with or disagree with each statement? a. Abortion should remain legal for women in the U.S. Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Agree (Net) Disagree (Net) Total (n=1,00 5) 46% 29 12 14 75% 25% Republic ans (n=321) 27% 29 19 25 56% 44% Democrats (n=330) 58% 28 6 8 87% 13% Independent s (n=225) 53% 28 8 10 81% 19% b. It is not for me to judge a woman who wants to seek an abortion. Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Agree (Net) Disagree (Net) Total (n=1,00 5) 59% 28 7 6 87% 13% Republic ans (n=321) 42% 34 14 10 76% 24% Democrats (n=330) 68% 26 3 3 94% 6% Independent s (n=225) 63% 26 6 5 89% 11% c. Women who have abortions should receive support and compassion. Total (n=1,00 Addres s: Tel: 13 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 Republic ans Contac t: Email: Tel: Democrats (n=330) Independent s Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Agree (Net) Disagree (Net) 5) 41% 40 12 7 81% 19% (n=321) 28% 41 22 9 69% 31% 55% 35 6 4 89% 11% (n=225) 40% 46 7 7 86% 14% d. A woman has a right to decide if and when to have an abortion. Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Agree (Net) Disagree (Net) Total (n=1,00 5) 49% 28 12 10 77% 23% Republic ans (n=321) 32% 27 22 19 59% 41% Democrats (n=330) 61% 27 7 5 88% 12% Independent s (n=225) 57% 26 9 8 83% 17% e. Access to abortion care is essential to women's health Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Agree (Net) Disagree (Net) f. Tel: 14 Republic ans (n=321) 24% 30 21 25 54% 46% Democrats (n=330) 53% 31 11 6 83% 17% Independent s (n=225) 41% 35 15 9 76% 24% We need to protect the rights of the unborn. Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Addres s: Total (n=1,00 5) 39% 33 15 14 72% 28% 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 Total (n=1,00 5) 33% 37 20 Republic ans (n=321) 47% 35 13 Contac t: Email: Tel: Democrats (n=330) 25% 36 26 Independent s (n=225) 30% 37 22 Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – Strongly disagree Agree (Net) Disagree (Net) 9 71% 29% 5 83% 17% 14 61% 39% 11 66% 34% 2. Opinions about this topic can be complex and involve a mix of feelings and attitudes. Of the questions asked above, which of your responses above comes closest to capturing your true views on abortion? A woman has a right to decide if and when to have an abortion. It is not for me to judge a woman who wants to seek an abortion. We need to protect the rights of the unborn. Abortion should remain legal for women in the U.S. Access to abortion care is essential to women's health. Women who have abortions should receive support and compassion. Total (n=1,00 5) Republic ans (n=321) Democrats (n=330) Independent s (n=225) 25% 20% 30% 24% 23 19 21 27 19 34 10 16 18 12 23 20 8 9 7 10 6 6 8 4 3a. On the following scale from 1 to 10, which statement aligns more closely with your beliefs? Here, 1 represents a strong agreement that I personally believe we need to protect the rights of the unborn and 10 represents a strong agreement that I personally support a woman's right to abortion. 10-I personally support a woman’s right to abortion 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1-I personally believe we need to Addres s: Tel: 15 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 Total (n=1,00 5) Republic ans (n=321) Democrats (n=330) Independent s (n=225) 28% 16% 40% 30% 8 11 7 8 10 3 4 5 16 6 7 7 5 11 5 6 8 28 10 13 8 9 3 2 2 3 10 6 12 6 10 16 2 2 4 11 Contac t: Email: Tel: Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – protect the rights of the unborn Right to abortion (Net) Protect Unborn (Net) Mean 47% 25% 6.4 29% 42% 4.9 63% 15% 7.5 48% 17% 6.7 3b. On the following scale from 1 to 10, which statement aligns more closely with your beliefs? Here, 1 represents a strong agreement that abortion should be illegal and 10 represents a strong agreement that abortion should be legal and available. 10-Abortion should be legal and available 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1-Abortion should be illegal Abortion Legal (Net) Abortion Illegal (Net) Mean Total (n=1,00 5) Republic ans (n=321) Democrats (n=330) Independent s (n=225) 34% 18% 47% 37% 10 10 7 7 7 4 4 5 13 55% 21% 6.9 8 8 8 6 8 9 5 10 20 34% 35% 5.4 11 10 4 7 5 2 3 2 8 68% 14% 7.8 12 16 5 6 6 3 3 4 8 64% 15% 7.4 3c. On a scale from 1 to 10, do you identify as anti-abortion or pro-choice, with 1 being exclusively pro-life and 10 being exclusively pro-choice? 10-Pro-Choice 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1-Pro-Life Addres s: Tel: 16 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 Total (n=1,00 5) 28% 10 9 6 9 11 4 3 4 16 Republic ans (n=321) 15% 10 7 3 8 10 5 6 9 28 Contac t: Email: Tel: Democrats (n=330) 40% 11 8 7 12 7 2 2 2 9 Independent s (n=225) 29% 12 10 7 8 12 6 3 4 10 Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – Pro-Choice (Net) Pro-Life (Net) Mean Addres s: Tel: 17 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 47% 23% 6.4 31% 43% 4.9 Contac t: Email: Tel: 59% 13% 7.5 51% 17% 6.8 Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – About the Studies These are findings from three separate Ipsos polls. The first survey, conducted on February 23-26, 2018, contains a sample of roughly 201 adults (72 Democrats, 66 Republicans, and 45 Independents). The second survey, also conducted on February 23-26, 2018, contains a sample of roughly 1003 adults (347 Democrats, 341 Republicans, and 209 Independents). The last survey was conducted on May 2-3, 2018 and contains a sample of roughly 1005 respondents (330 Democrats, 321 Republicans, and 225 Independents). Respondents from all three surveys were adults age 18+ from the continental U.S., Alaska and Hawaii. All were interviewed online in English. The sample for this study was randomly drawn from Ipsos’s online panel (see link below for more info on “Access Panels and Recruitment”), partner online panel sources, and “river” sampling (see link below for more info on the Ipsos “Ampario Overview” sample method) and does not rely on a population frame in the traditional sense. Ipsos uses fixed sample targets, unique to each study, in drawing sample. After a sample has been obtained from the Ipsos panel, Ipsos calibrates respondent characteristics to be representative of the U.S. Population using standard procedures such as raking-ratio adjustments. The source of these population targets is U.S. Census 2016 American Community Survey data. The sample drawn for this study reflects fixed sample targets on demographics. Post-hoc weights were made to the population characteristics on gender, age, race/ethnicity, region, and education. Statistical margins of error are not applicable to online nonprobability sampling polls. All sample surveys and polls may be subject to other sources of error, including, but not limited to coverage error and measurement error. Where figures do not sum to 100, this is due to the effects of rounding. The precision of Ipsos online polls is measured using a credibility interval. The credibility interval may vary depending on the total number of survey respondents.    The first survey had a credibility interval adjusted for design effect of the following (n=201, credibility interval=+/-7.9, DEFF=1.5, adjusted Confidence Interval=9.4). o The poll also has a credibility interval plus or minus 13.2 percentage points for Democrats, plus or minus 13.8 percentage points for Republicans, and plus or minus 16.7 percentage points for Independents. The second survey had a credibility interval adjusted for design effect of the following (n=1003, credibility interval=+/-3.5, DEFF=1.5, adjusted Confidence Interval=5). o The poll also has a credibility interval plus or minus 6 percentage points for Democrats, plus or minus 6.1 percentage points for Republicans, and plus or minus 7.7 percentage points for Independents. The third survey had a credibility interval adjusted for design effect of the following (n=1005, credibility interval=+/-3.5, DEFF=1.5, adjusted Confidence Interval=5). o The poll also has a credibility interval plus or minus 6.2 percentage points for Democrats, plus or minus 6.2 percentage points for Republicans, and plus or minus 7.4 percentage points for Independents. Ipsos calculates a design effect (DEFF) for each study based on the variation of the weights, following the formula of Kish (1965). For more information about conducting research intended for public release or Ipsos’ online polling methodology, please visit our Public Opinion Polling and Communication page where you can download Addres s: Tel: 18 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 Contac t: Email: Tel: Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025 Press Release – continued – our brochure, contact us. see our public release protocol, or For more information on this news release, please contact: Janine Beekman Associate Research Scientist Ipsos Public Affairs +1 202 831-5366 Janine.Beekman@ipsos.com About Ipsos Public Affairs Ipsos Public Affairs is a non-partisan, objective, survey-based research practice made up of seasoned professionals. We conduct strategic research initiatives for a diverse number of American and international organizations, based not only on public opinion research, but elite stakeholder, corporate, and media opinion research. Ipsos has media partnerships with the most prestigious news organizations around the world. Through our media partnerships, Ipsos Public Affairs is a leading source of intelligent information for businesses and professionals in the U.S., Canada, the UK, and internationally. Ipsos Public Affairs is a member of the Ipsos Group, a leading global survey-based market research company. We provide boutique-style customer service and work closely with our clients, while also undertaking global research. About Ipsos Ipsos is an independent market research company controlled and managed by research professionals. Founded in France in 1975, Ipsos has grown into a worldwide research group with a strong presence in all key markets. Ipsos ranks fourth in the global research industry. With offices in 88 countries, Ipsos delivers insightful expertise across five research specializations: brand, advertising and media; customer loyalty; marketing; public affairs research; and survey management. Ipsos researchers assess market potential and interpret market trends. They develop and build brands. They help clients build long-term relationships with their customers. They test advertising and study audience responses to various media and they measure public opinion around the globe. Ipsos has been listed on the Paris Stock Exchange since 1999 and generated global revenues of €1,782.7 million in 2016. GAME CHANGERS « Game Changers » is the Ipsos signature. At Ipsos we are passionately curious about people, markets, brands and society. We make our changing world easier and faster to navigate and inspire clients to make smarter decisions. We deliver with security, speed, simplicity and substance. We are Game Changers. ISIN code FR0000073298, Reuters ISOS.PA, Bloomberg IPS:FP www.ipsos.com Addres s: Tel: 19 2020 K Street NW, Suite 410 Washington, DC 20006 +1 202 463-7300 Contac t: Email: Tel: Chris Jackson Vice President, U.S., Ipsos Public Affairs chris.jackson@ipsos.com +1 202 420-2025