Canadian presaure groups? Part I, by Public}. Affairs DEPE. Tm?vntm, Imperial ("112.1 Limitad, May ENE, :'i.\ 2>I \ MEMORAND UM PUBL IC AF'f'" AI RS 0t:'PAR T MENT May 31 st, Mr. 1976 P. F . Bartha Room 446 BUILDING In an endeavour to systematically gather more information about p\!!n ic pressure groups and their effects on the increasing "politicization" of the petroleum business environment , attached is Part I of a twopart study on pressure groups that covers: Identification either directly ties . of national, or indirectly provincial pressure groups invo l ved in energy-rel.lted that are activi- - Descriptive background information in the area. of offices, addresses, major spokesmen , publications, and financia l structures of organization. - An overview p r eliminary recognition "' Examination of the six major pressure groups a.nd the main common themes or arguments that cxi~ts am.ong the groups. Upon appropriate will be prepared. of objectives and energy-related activities , and a analysis of anticipated grou-;> postures, credibility/ factors. and effect on governrnent/public/media. review Part of Part I of this study , a final II of the study will include , report - A technical analysis of each major pressure group ' s position energy-related issues for accuracy and credibility . - Recommendations for deve l opment of strategies groups . or adapt to the major pressure to prevent/respond 9 --Sl...._ PRC ok att. Paul (Part R. Cur l ey on II) (\\2>1 [\--\ '"' r1 MEMORANDUM PU B L IC A FFA I RS DEPARTMENT May 31st, 197 6 Mr. P. F. Bartha Room 446 B U I L D I N G In an endeavour to systematica ll y gather more information about p ic pressure groups and the ir effects on the increasing "po litici zation " o f th e petroleum business environment, attach e d is Part I of a twopart study on pressure groups t hat covers: Id en ti fication either directly ties. of national, or indirectly provincial involved pressure groups in energy-related that are activi- Descriptive background information in the area of offices, addr esses , major spokesmen, publication~ and financial structures of org anization . An overview pre l iminary recognition of objectiv e s and energy-re l ated activ ities, and a ana l ys is of anticipated group postures , . credibility/ factors.a nd e ffect on government/public/media. Examinatio n of the themes or arguments six major pressure grou p s and the that exists among the gr ou ps. main common Upon appro pr i ate will be prepared. r eview of Part I of this study, a fina l re por t Part II of the st ud y will i ncl ude: lPart A technical energy-related a na l ysis of eac h major pr essure group 's position is s u es for acc ur acy and cr e dibility. on Recommen dations or ada pt to the PRC ok att. for development major pressure of stra t eg ies .groups . Paul to p r event/respond R. Curley II) There are six major public-pressure groups t hat can be identified as having a direc t influence (in varying degrees) on public debate and government consideration of Canadian energy problems in general, and of petroleum companies in particular . The six major pressure gro ups are: 1. CANADIANARCTIC RESOURCESCOMMITTEE 2. CONSUMERS ' ASSOCIATION OF CANADA 3. COMMITTEEFOR JUSTICE AND LIBERTY FOUNDATION 4. ENERGYPROBE 5. COMMITTEEFOR AN I NDEPENDENTCANADA 6. PUBLIC PETROLEUMASSOCIATION OF CANADA The following are 1. Significant 2. Some national 3. Scope, Although the or dimensions are: size the criteria participant media/public for inclusion in the Canadian as a main pressure energy group: debate . recognition. of membersh i p, competence of leadership. six groups have varying objectives, of argument that are common to all there are certain themes the groups. These themes 1. There must be a broader social and environmental perspective of the question o f energy and northern development . This theme includes settlem e nt of land claims, cultural considerations before de velopm e nt, and a mora torium on the building of the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline and on other proposals to transport oil and gas from the Arctic. 2. Government policy must provide for development of renewable energy and place greater emphasis 3. The enormous chang e s in petroleum-producibility estimates and in the security of su pply_, r e quire that the government and its regulatory agency have access to data and advice other than that offered by the petroleum companies. 4. Government financial assistance be provided to public-interest groups in order that they can provide more effective vehicles for public participation in government decision making. of alternative sources on energy conservation. CA.NA.Dl.Mf PJIIES;u,tz C1tOUPS Uf'IOLVED (Dl~f/ltC>lNX'T't. tN CNtRCT~Jtrl.ATJ';I) AC'TIVlTitS T) IIAJO~ ENtN';Y OIC:lt.N n Of ,RATJOf or c.>J(Al)J NAT. l ~ATJOM ANS roA.k£SP0t1S urn,· !lTAL RAUCI! SOCI~ U\W M := m'AJUO HAT\.IMLJS1'5 Ml tM ltfT~ 1:COUOHlC SOCIAL r,.v l A(Wau:Nf 11.CT1vn1rs IUffJCtP ATED ~ POttHTlAL USPONSJILL P""8LD< MJ'IJCAL • • • • • • • I • l l • l • l • • • I I l 0. JlMIJhN A..._"TIC l'f.ScaJ RCES C'ONKl1"T'Et • l • I l l tl l.t.KGY P hOOI! • • • l l COHSUY.1-.'-S A$ $1X IATI OM 0, C MIAM Ptm L IC PtT MLEUM A.SSOCIATI OU 0, CAN>.OINf UATV ,.e rotmDATlnt rCDEAATI Otl ~Alfl\l)A • I l • I I l I • • • l • • • - UISTElff LOW 'l'O HOOrAAff CLOSE MOOt:AATI: .USOCIATlOH TO HlClt WlT11 • • • tMtllllCY PR()III • • • • CARC • l l I CA,C I I I • l • • l • l l I l MlCII • • • I JUS TI CE AHD LIIUITf MODU\AT!: I I r~ : 1"1!:E """ • • EXlSnNT OOV'tlUr.Q:.HT ("R.EOJDIL tTT / RC('()"'J flTlO,f • • C~ Cr,tE :RAL PVBt.tC Dt LITT /1U::COCfl TJON • I P'Ot' AH 1 l'CDEP LUUCHT CN lM>A euor • l I Cvf".."1l t'Tl..e • • l l I RnATCO ! T' I I • l CA,C MAJORSPOKESMENAND GROUPAFFILIATIONS CARC, PPAC, CNF ANDREWTHOMPSON - DAVID TRELEAVEN - CIC, PPAC ROBERTPAGE - CIC, PPAC JAMES LAXER - CIC, PPAC MEL HURTIG - CIC, PPAC ABRAHAM ROTSTEIN - CIC, PPAC MEL WATKINS - CIC, PPAC DOUGLASPIMLOTT CARC, AIWRS CARC - CANADIANARCTIC RESOURCESCOMMITTEE CNF - CANADIANNATUREFEDERATION AIWRS - ARCTIC INTERNATIONALWILDLIFE RANGESOCIETY CIC - COMMITTEEFOR INDEPENDENTCANADA PPAC - PUBLIC PETROLEUMASSOCIATION OF CANADA CANADIANARCTIC RESOURCESCOMMITTEE(CARC) OFFI CE: '\ I(] Elgin Street, Ottawa MEMBERSHIP: 2,000. PRINCIPAL OFFICERS: Dr. A. Thompson, chairman Doug l as Pimlott, past chairman Kitson Vincent, executive director FINANCE: CARC has been financed by the private sector (brewing and distilling companies), public donations, and some government grants. PUBLICATIONS: A quarterly information letter entitled Northern Perspectives and a series of po l icy papers and books on northern issues. GENERALOBJECTIVE: To inform Canadians about northern environmental and social issues and to stress the need to develop a higher level of public accountability for northern affairs. ENERGY-RELAT ED POSITIONS: NEB is an arms-length regulatory agency and, therefore, its advisory and regulatory functions 'should be split . Participation by members of Parliament and the House of Commons in the role of f ormulati nati onal energy policy should be incr eased . ng All citizens, and not just those with economic inter ests , should have an opportunity to asse rt their views on contentious northern issues. of the energy option An in-d ept h examination offered by the Mackenzie Valley and Polar routes is needed. The Mackenzie Valley pipeline shou l d be delayed so not to ups et other major issues: settlement of land claims, development of goals and object .ives for North. in the North Granting of oil and gas permits and offshor e should no longer be an exclusively bureaucratic domain. CARC 2 The use of Delta gas and a pipeline are not officially opposed , In terms of Canada ' s energy needs, a pipeline would not be needed until the la t e 1980s, therefore, it would be safe to delay a decision on the matter. Offshore drilling in the Arctic could result in far greater environmental problems than building a gas pipeline from either Alaska or the Mackenzie Delta/Beaufort Sea. CHARACTERISTICS/ CHANGESOVER TIME: ANTICIPATED GROUP/POSTURES: CARC was created in 1971 as a public-interest group. In its first year of operation it did not issue a single public statement. The group has moved from being a low-profile lobbyist (1972-74) to a high-profile committee consisting of lawyers, scientists, officials of native and conservation organizations, and other businessmen. General concern is with northern resource and social issues, and partic ula~ concern with northern oil and gas development. Recently the group has been pressing for the participation of Parliament and other public-interest groups in the revision of oil and gas regulations and in a review of other projects such as the Mackenzie Valley pipeline and Beaufort Sea exploration activities. CARC can be expected to publicly demand more government openness in its d ecision-making process. Their position is that there is too much secrecy regarding technical information i.e. offshore-drilling rules were made by the government in consultation with the petroleum industry and consulting firms and without the participation of native people or environmental organizations. CARC wishes to see an element of public involvement in northern issues. The primary reason for this is their lack of confidence in government bureaucrats. It can be assumed they will pursue this position vigorously. CARC does not advocate nationalization of the petroleum industry . They consider more governinvolvement potentially ment (bqreaucratic) hazardous to efficient development. CARC EFFECT ON MEDIA/ PUBLIC GOVERNMENT: 3 The significance of CARC is its ability to induce reputable persons to offer critical observations about northern development. The hi gh academic quality and integrity of these individuals l ends considerable l egitimacy to their argumen t s and makes an impact on the media. General pub l ic awareness and understanding of CARC's position is not widespread, but it pro je cts a responsib l e imag e to a spec ific academic audience involved in northern development, to other pressure groups with similar interests, and to parliamentarians. CONSUMERS'ASSOCIATION OF CANADA(CAC) OFFICE: 100 Gloucester Ottawa (613) 238-4840 MEMBERSHIP: Approximately PRINCIPAL OFFICERS: Jim O'Grady, president Andrew Roman, counsel PUBLICATIONS: magazine The major pub lication is a bimonthly Canadian Consumer. It also produces pamphlets and magazines on various consumer topics. OBJECTIVES: To provide a channel for bringing the views of consumers to the attention of government, producers, and trade and industry. Also, to provide a return channel for information from these groups to the consumer. ENERGY -RELATED POSITIONS: St. 90,000. In view of questionable security of supply and the fact that NEB must r e ly on information provided by indu s tr y to determine Canadian natural-ga s reserves, the NEB should establish a task force to make a complete, ind ependent inv entory of conventional reserves and publish its findings. Termination of gas expor t s is justifiable order to guarantee that f uture Canadian are met. in needs NEB should recognize social and environmental costs of northern development. CHARACTERISTICS/ CHANGESOVER TIME: CAC is an outgrowt h of the women's bureau of the wartime prices and trade board. Through a highprofile lobby and public-relations campaign the CAC traditionally has attempted to draw public unfair pricing attention to what it considers t echn iqu es, false advertising, and un suitable conduct in the market place by large corporations. CAC 2 In recent tim es (1975-1976), the CAC has broadened its scope and has become involved in policy issu es such as north e rn de ve lopm e nt. This change in direction reflects a greater concern for social and environmental issu es . EFFECT ON MEDIA/ PUBLIC/GOVERNME NT: CAC presentations to th e House of standing committ ees on national re public works have been well receiv also have presented briefs to the CAC is most hi group. levels research Their media Commons sou rces and ed . They NEB. judged by the general public to be the gh ly visible and res pe cted interest This is evidenced by the credibility they received on our Public-Affairs program, imag e brings them favo rable responsible coverage in most public debates. COMMITTEEFOR JUSTICE AND LIBERTY FOUNDATION(CJLF) OFFICE: 229 College St. Toronto, Ont. MST 1R4 MEMBERSHIP: 1,000 - major concentrations British Columbia and Ontario. PRINCIPAL OFFICERS: Mr. Gerald Vandezande, executive director Mr. John Olthuis, research and policy director CHARACTERISTICS/ CHANGESOVER TIME: incorporated in The conunittee was originally April, 1963 to provide legal and political help to minority groups in the areas of labor and education. It is a secular organization that evolved from the Christian Reformed Church. Its purpose was broadened in 1973 and energy research was its first major project. It has participated as intervenor in the NEB hearings on the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. It was also the primary group that brought Supreme Court action to remove Marshall Crowe as chairman of NEB. FINANCE: Membership revenues. per year. PUBLICATIONS: A bL~onthly newsletter, service bulletin that Canadian issues. OBJECTIVE: To obtain a 10-year moratorium on the building of the Mackenzie Valley pipeline and on all other proposals to transport oil and gas from the Arctic. ENERGY-RELATED POSITIONS: in Alberta, fees and donations constitute Its budget is approximately and a periodic offers commentary its $102,000 political on major Wants the government to direct policy towards such as human growth as a new set of values opposed to high-energy consumption, economic growth, and maximizing way of life. Proposes that domestic ability will be secure gas supply and deliverfor 34 years. ,-· CJLF 2 l, Established non-frontier reserves are 60.6 trillion cubic feet= 17 years' consump t ion . 2, Conservation by waste elimination reduction in ene rgy consumption 4 years' consumption . 3. Cons ervation by reduction in domestic use will incr ease from 2.2 times to 1.5 times consumption . by 1988 = 3 years' 4. Export cutbacks of 10 tri lli on cubic feet from a committed 14 trillion cubic fe e t = 7 years' consumption. 5. Acceptance years. Be l ieves the cons ·ideration of Alberta national to the (30 % by 1994) swap agreement energy policy following : 3 should give 1. Reduction of per-ca p ita growth of energy consumption through waste elimination and demand-reduction programs. 2. A national effort to develop sources of energy. 3. Sett l ement of all native cultur al considerations. 4. A guarantee, prior to commencement of any energy project , that ecosystem will not be adversely affected. 5. Settin g a ro yal ty and tax provisio n to ensure that private companies deve l op public resources for public, rather than private, benefit. 6. Equitab l e use of natural-reso u rces revenue to enhance tot al human welfare, not simply to advance economic-growth principles . 7, Rapid cutbacks and e ve ntual oil and gas e xports to U.S. land alternative claims stoppage and of CJLF 3 ANTICIPATED GROUP POSTURE/STRA TEGIES : Owing to their position that divergent views exist on the deliverability of conventional reserves, and that the NEB has been relying on the petroleum companies for all their data, this focus on the oil companies. group may in future EFFECT ON MEDIA/ PUBLIC/GOVERNMENT: In recent months the CJLF has received favorable media coverage for its well-documented approach to government standing committees and for its with CARC and CAC in th eir writ to collaboration the Supreme Court of Canada to have the NEB chairman removed. The CJLF has had a low public profi l e but one can predict that its responsible approach may lead to further positive press coverage and the probability of a higher public profile. ENERGYPROBE (EP) OFFICE: 43 Queen's Park Cres. Toronto (416) 928-7014 MEMBERSHIP: 2,300 ORGANIZATION: Is a non-profit project of Pollution Probe Foundation that claims a national members hi p of 40,000, Dr. Donald Chant, chairman (chairman of zoology department, University of Toronto); Willi am Peden, executive director; Sean Casey, director of research, oil and gas policy. FINANCE: Energy Probe is financed by grants fro m the Province of Ontario and donations from the private sector. PUBLICATIONS: Policy briefs to government bodies publication s on various issues, OBJECTIVES; General (national). To introduce perspective and general a broader social and environmental into energy questions in Canada. To assist other citizen groups in Canada with an interest in energy policy questions to par ticipate in the decision-making process. ENERGY-RELATED POSITIONS: MAIN ARGUMENT; It perceives lon g-term solutions crisis as a choice between : to th e energy a. expensive energy; intensive, nuclear, ized, electric society versus b. softer technology based renew ab le resources . Enforce . conservation able energy sources central- upon conservation and of energy until other have been developed. renew- EP OTHER POSITIONS: 2 Current planning of energy industry is oriented toward an attempt to continue rapid energy growth via Arctic pipelines , tar sands p lants, huge dam in nuclear plants . projects and vast expansion This rapid energy growth alternative is so costly it ' s effect shuts off consideration of other options . Energy Probe proposes an alter native future based on energy conservation (to reduce energy demand by 20% - 30% by 1994) and renewable i.e. solar, wind, biomass energy as the cornerstone of energy policy. Mackenzie Valley pipeline is a short-term solution and by the year 2000 we will be fac ed with same problem as 1970. Current trend promot es emphasis upon energyintensive, consumer-oriented society rather than a shift to service-oriented society. Polar Gas pipeli ne has less environmental social impact costs than '.Mackenzie Valley line, and pipe- - Ontario Hydro ' s Nuclear energy expansion proposed $40 billion expansion choice to rush into nuclear expansion runs the risk of horrendous pote ntial hazards for Canada and its citizens . CHARA CTERISTICS/ CHANGESOVER TIME: EFFECT ON MEDIA/ PUBLIC/GOVERNMENT: The main Pollution Probe "cell" was founded in 196 9 and operates out of the University of Toronto. There are approximately 20 other branches across Ontario, with the main arms in Ottawa and London. Its nucleus is compos ed of students (gradu a te and und ergraduate) and members of university faculties. Its scope includes al l forms of environmenta l disturbances with a special unit devoted to environmental, sociological and economic aspects of resource development. It is not a primary research group. Energy Probe has received favorable coverage from media when it has taken positions on various issues. Its lack of primary research into energy issues has resulted in a negative reception by the parliamentary committee on national resources and public works. COMMITTEEFOR AN INDEPENDENTCANADA(CIC) OFFICES: National: 168 Charlotte St. Ot tawa (613) 828-3511 Membershi p : 67 Yonge St. Toronto (416) 863-0173 Research and policy conunittee 17 Ullswater Ottawa office: Dr. PRINCIPAL OFFICERS: National chairman: David Tr e leaven Past nationa l chainnan: Robert Page MEMBERSHIP: Approximately GENERALOBJECTIVE: Reduction economy, BACKGROUND: The CIC was founded in 1971 to promote discussion on issues facing "Canada's ec onomic survival" by Walter Gordon, Peter Newman, Abraham Rotstein, Claude Ryan, Eddie Goodma n, Jack McClelland, Pauline Jewett, Jack Biddell and other promi nen t Canadians. ENERGY-RELATED POSITIONS: The CIC has appeared before the parliamen t ary committee on national resources and pub li c works to impr ess on MPs its view that, insofar as the Mackenzi e Valley pipeline is the l arges t project in Canadian history with wide imp li cations for every citizen, no approval be given for at l east 10 years until the following priorities have been met: 7,000. in level of foreign settlement 1. A full 2. Extensive further acute ecological research problems. 3. Canadian Arctic. require 4, The Canadian economy can easily problem of financing. markets of land control of Canadian claims. to overcome reserves the from the handle the CIC 2 5, OTHER POSITIONS: Canada has carried out an inventory of its energy ne ed s and resources, which in turn has allowed it to develop a national energy policy. Other positions held by the CIC include (1) halting exploration activities in the Beaufort Sea until environmental regulations are in place, and (2) the supply situation from existing southern reserves is more favorable than the National Energy Board has led th e country to believe. During the 1972 federal election, the CIC made a strong bid to make the Arctic Gas pipeline a central issue. Following are the CIC's recommendations to the fed e ral government at that tim e : 1. "Practical" rest with interests. and "theoretical" control must Canadian public and/or private 2, Design, engineering and construction should firms. be carried out by Canadian-owned 3, Materials used in operation and construction sha l l be manufactur ed and produced in Canada provided Canadian manu fac turing capacity is not increas e d beyond an extent that can be justified. 4, Management and directors nately" Canadian. 5, Adequate arrangements must be made for compensation for the disturbance to and th e aboriginal rights of the native peoples, the disturbance of the residents and the protection of th e ecology. The development mus t provide for raisin g e xi st ing standards and conditions of living of the present and future residents of the North. 6, No gas should be exported until the maximum amount of reserves that could be required for future Canadian use are ensured. 7. Canadian revenues should be increased by altering the licenses and leases for oil and gas rights and by ensuring that pipeline profits are not "inordinate". should be "predomi- CIC 3 PUBLICATIONS: CIC publishes a monthly magazine named The ·rndepend encer plus numerous briefs and policy papers on related topics. CHARACTERISTICS/ CHANGESOVER TIME: The CIC has moved from its 1971 position of being mainly concerned with uncontrolled foreign investment in Canada to providing alternatives to control of important sectors of the Canadian economy (in particular land and natural resources). It has had input towards developmen t of the Foreign Investment Review Act and pressed the government for adoption of the Petro-Canada bill. EFFECT ON MEDIA/ PUBLIC/GOVERNMENT: The CIC has had more influence on government policy than is reflected in medi a reports of the last few years. Initial spokesmen like Mel Hurtig did much to hurt the credibility of CIC, but rec ent (19741976) spokesmen have tended to prese nt alternative positions documented with research findings to many governm ent bodies. The CIC has tended to have l ittle effect on general public attitude. Although the CIC attracted members from al l areas of the country, and occupies a different part of the political spectrum than the Public Petroleum Associ atio n of Canada (PPAC), there appears to be some cooperation between the CIC and the PPAC. PUBLIC PETROLEUMASSOCIATION OF CANADA(PPAC) OFFICE: 212 Brookside Toron to (Ottawa office Dr. to be opened in future) FINANCE: $100 1 000 annual budget - solicited private donations. · ~RINCIPAL OFFICERS: James Laxer Mel Hurtig Ian McDougal Robert Page Douglas Pimlott GENERALOBJECTIVE: A national interests SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: from Larry Pratt Abraham Rotstein Charles Taylor Peter Usher Mel Watkins petro l eum policy of Canadians. that serves the A public commission of inquiry to be established by the federal government to investigate the enormous change in petroleum producibility estimates made by the oil companies in recent years. An end to ownership and control of Canada ' s petroleum industry by the multinational oil companies (nationalization of one or more of the foreign-owned petroleum companies). A policy of petroleum self-sufficiency as a key element in a balanced program of industrial development. A serious commitment to safeguarding environment and ending energy waste. Recognition peoples. CHARACTERISTICS: of the rights the of Canada ' s native The membership of the J?PAC has strong representation from the left wing of the New Democratic Party (NDP), a group of academics and a group of nationaiists. I ts main contention is that the " large, foreign-owned " companies have had the only effective voice in the formulation of Canada's petroleum po lic ies . PJ?ACmaintains the oil compa nies enjoy a monopoly of information that makes 2 PPAC informed next to economic tion to campaign but their ANTICIPATED GROUP POSTURE/STRATEGIES: EFFECTS ON MEDIA/ PUBLIC/GOVERNMENT: public debate about energy alternatives impossible, and that they are using their power to convey their view of the situaCanadians through a massive advertising that promotes not the companies' products energy policies. The PPAC will promote its wide range of activities: aims by engaging in a 1. Holding public conferences to discuss its view of an alternative petroleum policy for Canada. 2. Carrying research industry. 3. Issuing 4. Preparing media advertisements to provide a counterweigh t to the oil companies ' advertising. 5, Appearing petroleum 6. Pressing the Canadian Radio-Te l evision Commission for a fairness doctrine that would require radio and TV licensees to offer reasonable opportunities for presentation of opposing viewpoints. out a program of public interest and deve l opment in the petroleum public statements on energy a t public hearings industry , relating policy. to the Although the organization's largely disguised fundamentalism is quite apparent, the sensationalism of its positions and the attraction of platform speakers such as David Lewis at its public functions have attracted CBC radio/TV reports and major daily print press coverage. The Toronto Star in particular has given the PPAC prominence as a result of its agreement in principle with the PPAC on the issue of nationalOil Limited. ization of Imperial Emphasis of a link between the federal NDP and the PPAC should result in closer examination of PPAC views by parliamentary committees . ARCTIC INSTITUTE OF NORTHAMERICA (AINA) OFFICES: Calgary - Universi t y of Cal gary Ottawa - Tower A, Place Suite 2222 (613) .,236-2353 Washington - 1619 New.Hampshire (202) 667-1716 ~ A.I Ta N I tJ ,(! de Ville Ave . N.W. MEMBERSHIP: Approximately 2,000 individuals in Canada and the U.S. Associate membership is open to corporations and includes Arctic Gas, Alyeska, Arco, El Paso, transportation and Exxon and other petrolel.llll, fi nancia l companies. FINANCE: I t operates on a budget in excess of $1.2 million annually , Roughly two-thirds of these funds are derived from U.S. and Canadian government grants, and the remainder from corporations, foundations, dues and publication sales. OBJECTIVES: organization founded in 1945 It is a non~profit to sponsor research and to acquire and make available environmental, sociological and scientific information about the North. ENERGY-RELATED ACTIVITIES: A major technique that it uses to acquire and disseminate information is to convene meetings of scientists, businessmen, educators and government officials, at which current developments ar e evaluated and attention is called to appropriate courses of action. These seminars assist AINA in playing a sort of mediation role between the conununity and other interest groups. business A second important technique it uses to acquire information is to continually undertake research studies in the North, both on its own behalf as well as for Canadian and U.S. clients in the pub l ic and private sectors . These reports are subjects of periodic, scientific publications. PUBLICATIONS: AINA publishes Bibliography. journal called 2,000. newsletters and the Arctic It also publishes a quarterly Arctic which has a circulation of z. AINA ANTICIPATED GROUP POSTURE/STRATEGY, EFFECT ON MEDIA/ PUBLIC/GOVERNMENT: 2 Its basic thrust is to ensure that development the Canadian North is . well planned and orderly. It is not against development of the North per of se. AINA is a highly "responsible" organization in the sense that it is devoid of dogmatism, and is led by a group of distinguished individuals drawn from th e business, acad emic and government communitie s Non-exi stent in Canada and the United States. i nvolveme nt; main thrust of effectivemedia/public ness is input to government. FEDERATIONOF ONTARIO NATURALISTS (FON) OFFICE: 1262 Don Mills Rd. Don Mills, Ontario (416) 444-8419 MEMBERSHIP: ApproxilOately PRINCIPAL OFFICERS: John Livingstone, president (professor environmental studies, York University); Gerald McKeating, executive director OBJECTIVES & ACTIVITIES: The FON was establish ed in 1931. While the majority of its members are basically naturalists interested in learning more about the outdoors from a hobby point of view, a few of its leading members are far more cormnitted to imposing environmental protection and conservation po lici es on governments. As a result, the FON has already recommended a parliamentary inquiry into all aspects of northern develop men t. 14 1 000, of Its recent activities include a submiss i on of briefs on plans for the development of mountain parks and the canvassing of candidates in provincial elections. PUBLICATIONS: a ~imonthly newsletter, The fON publishes Ontario Naturalists (quarterly) and the (10 issues per year). Naturalists ANTICIPATED GROUP/POSTURE: Probability in northern organization. that group issues for the Young could get pub li cly it is a po l itically involved - oriented CANADIANWILDLIFE FEDERATION (CWF) OFFICE: 1419 Carling Ave . Ottawa (613 ) 725-2191 MEMBERSHIP: Approximately 160,000 affiliate members from across Canada. The Organization membership is made up of 13 provincia l and national organizations, including al l the principa l sportsmens ' groups in the country. PRINCIPAL OFFICER: Mr. Kenneth OBJECTIVES & ACTIVITIES: The CWF' s membership is composed primarily o f hunters and anglers who are conservationists i n the sense that they want to preserve and manage resources. The CWF serves as a forum for discussions on a pp ropr iate regulations and acts as a low-profile lobby. Bryna u t, executive director. The federation worked very closely with early organ izers of the Canadian Arctic Resources Committ e e (CARC) and had a pronounced e f fectiveness in estab lishing that interest group. This group also press ured the federal government to set up the . task force on northern development . PUBLICATION: Wildlife ANTICIPATED GROUP/POSTURE: This is a very credible more public recognition in this category. News, published quarterly. organization. It has attained than most other interest groups CWF is a highly active and politically or i ented group. It ' s probable to assume that it will be involved in northern - development issues in the future. Francois Bregha (York University activist) has been hired by CWF in order to allow him an opportunity to pursue NEB pipeline intervention. THE CANADIANSCIENTIFIC POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLSOCIETY (SPEC) OFFICE: 1095 West 7th St. Vancouver (604) 736-8404 MEMBERSHIP: Approximately 5,000. British Columbia. OBJECTIVES & ACTIVITIES: SPEC is a B.C.-based version of Ontario's Pollution Probe . Its position before regulatory bodies reflect s an extremely keen sensitivity for the environment and a consistent propagation of the zero-growth philosophy. To support these posi tions, it has leaned on the economic nationalist ideology, anti-Americanism, and a vocal distrust of the oil and gas industry . PUBLICATION: A bimonthly ENERGY-RELATED ACTIVITIES: SPEC has been involved mainly with provincial environmental problems, but recently made rep resentations to t he Berger commission. Possibly it may become more active in northern-development is sues . ANTICIPATED GROUP/POSTURE : pub lic organization in It is a highly visible British Columbia. The potential for group involvement in energy-related activities is high. newsletter, About 50 local branches in Perspective. ARCTIC INTERNATIONALWILDLIFE RANGESOCIETY (AIWRS) OFFICE: Vancouv er , B.C. MEMB ERSHIP: Approximately 25 to 40 members drawn from Canada and the Unit ed States. PRINCIPAL OFFICER: Andrew Thompson, (chair man of the Commission), president. OBJECTIVES & ACTIVITIES: This group was established in early 1971 in Whitehorse to lobby for th e creation of a wildlife range in the northern Yukon that would be simi l ar in function and contiguous to the existing range on Alaska's north slope. ANTICIPATED GROUP/POSTURE: The Mackenzi e Valley pipeline rout e will pass through the proposed range . At prese nt, the group is await ing th e resolution of th e Canadian Arctic Gas app l ication before und e rtaking th e necessary legal steps to create the range. If AIWRS believes the ran ge and the pipeline are incompatible, it will lik ely interv ene in ord er to delay or attempt to modify the proje c t. EFFECT ON MEDIA/ PUBLIC/GOVERNMENT: It is unlikely that this society will be able to generate widespread pub lic support because of the relative obscurity of its objectives. This group could join forces with a mor e prominent group to achieve its ai m, because the pr esident , Andrew Thompson, is also past chairman of CARC. B.C. Energy CANADIANSOCIETY OF ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGISTS (CSEB) OFFICE : ~b~ P . O. Box ~--20z Station B F" ~ (6-J.) 1_ T0( 01'\-ro 232ce4De# MEMBERSHIP: Approximately 400 . OBJECTIVES & ACTIVITIES: The CSEB was formerly known as the Canadian Society of Wildlife and Fishery Biologists, which still serves as the title for its quarterly newsletter. It is fairly active a t public hearings developments. EFFECT ON MEDIA/ PUBLIC/GOVERNMENT : in the submission on parks and other of briefs proposed The CSEB is an important group by virtue of the high professional standards of its members, but there is no general public recognition of it. CANADIANNA~UREFEDERATION (CNF) OFFICE: 46 Elgin St. Ottawa (613) 233-3486 MEMBERSHIP: Approximately PRINCIPAL OFFICER: Dr. Douglas OBJECTIVES & ACTIVITI ES : Until 1971, the federation was Canadian Audubon Society. Its provide educational lit erat ure in Canada and to do scientific servation programs and policies. PUBLICATIONS: Quarterly magazine called Natur e Canada, has a circulation of about 11,000. ANTICIPATED GROUP/POSTURE: There aren't any specific energy-rela though the president of CNF is also of CARC. EFFECT ON MEDIA/ PUBLIC/GOVERNMENT: CNF is a low-profile organization without general public recognitio n. The federation consists mainly of naturalists who are i nterested in th e wilderness and in the outdoors. They are not a po li tica ll y oriented group. 10,000. Pimlott, president. known as the objectives are to on flora and fauna research on con- which ted activities, a past chairman GREAT PLAINS PROJECT (GPP) OFFICE: 241 Jarvis St. Toronto (41 6) 364-3249 MEMBERSHIP: Approximately PRINCIPAL OFFICERS: Dr. Verne Atrill, chairman. Richard Rohmer, vice-chairman. OBJECTIVES & ACTIVITIES: The Great Plains Project was founded in 1970 to advise the prime minister on alternative modes of Arctic development. It was conceived at the time as a non-partisan advisory group that would research various aspects of northern development, present th eir conclusions, and stimu l ate public debate. 100. The membership is drawn from the industrial each member possessing academic conununities, knowledge of a different aspect of northern opment. EFFECT ON MEDIA/ PUBLIC/GOVERNMENT: and devel- This is a highly respected group because of the capability of its membership. The group maintains a very low profile and no general public recognition. CANAD IAN ENVIRONMEN TAL LAWASSOCIATION (CELA) OFFICE: 1 Spadi na Cr. Suite 303 Toronto (41 6) 928-7159 MEMBERSHIP: Approximat e ly 350 members the majority in Ontario. FINANCE: It obtains most of its funding through the Canadian Environmental Law Research Foundation a nd pr iva te don a tions. OBJECTIVES : CELA was founded in Novembe r, 1970, to make greater u se of the available le gal proc es ses in order to attain higher env ironm en t a l standards in Canada. ACTIVITIES: It has engaged in public-i nterest li tigation, and prepared and presented briefs about law reform. It operates an ongoing environmental complaint service. across Canada, wi th CELA frequent l y provides legal cou n sel and assistance to individuals who wish to initiate suits against pollu ters. Their ge neral attitude is that industry has done too l ittle to hold up their end of poll ut ion abatement and environm e ntal control. In addition, CELA main tains that th e governm ent ag e ncies are too slow in prosecuting offenders and are not making fu ll use of their legis l ative powers. PUBLICATIONS: It publishes a b imonthly, Environmental Law News, and has publish ed two special pieces , The Environmental Law Handbook and Environment on Trial (a citizen's guide to Ontar io env ironm e nt-related l aws ). ANTICIPATED GROUP/POSTURE: CELA has not been involved in any major e nergyrelat ed activities but,in the future, cou l d posture itself with interest groups such as Energy Probe in providing legal ass i stance. CELA CREDIBILITY/MEDIA RECOGNITION: EVALUA TI ON: 2 CELA has a high credibility rating because of th e responsible image it has projec t ed. The recognition factor is not as visible because of it s low-profile inv olvement in issues, a lthou gh media recog· the opportunity for highly visible nition is appare nt. This is a fai rl y responsible group . Its more radical yo un g members will likely be kept in line by th e large number of lawyers who dominate the membership a nd executiv e . Although its main activi ties have been conce nt rated in Toron t o, it has branches in Vancouver, Winni pe g , Windsor , and Ottawa, whic h give it a much larger horizon . SIERRA CLUB (SC) OFFICE : 47 Colborne Toronto St . MEMBERSH I P: About 3 , 000 . BACKGROUND: The Si erra Club is an international organizatio n with a head of fi ce in San Francisco . It has chapters i n most l arge Canadian cities, with the Ontario chapte r being the largest. OBJECTIVES: "To protect and conserve our natural resources and to undertake and publish scientific and educational studies concerning all aspects of man's environment and t he ecosystem s of the world ." ACTIVITIES: The U.S.- base d Sierra Club was very invo l ve d in the early seventies in the Alaskan oil - pi pe line con tro versy and environmental issu es raised with Alaskan deve lo pment . The Canadian chapters have not be en as radi cal as their U.S. counterparts . PUBLICATI ONS: National News Report books , films , posters ANTICIPATED GROUP/POSTURE: The Canadian chapter has not been involved publicly in energy-related issues. There is a possibility that it could get involved in north e rn issues as it s U.S. counterpart did in Alaska. (weekly , etc . in the United States), ,_, CANADIANSFOR RESPONSIBLE NORTHERNDEVELOPMENT(CRND) OFFICE: Edmonton . MEMBERSHIP: Approximately PRINCIPAL OFFICER: Dr . John Hart, (head of Canadian studies Community College, Edmonton), chairman. OBJECTIVES & ACTIVITIES: The CRND was founded in July, 1973, to draw loca l attention to U.S. dominance in Canadian resources and industry and the l ack of concern for the envir onment. Their stance and attitudes reflect Hart, who is strongly anti-U.S. and anti-development. EFFECT ON MEDIA/ PUBLIC/GOVERNMENT: I ts lack of expertise in various areas does not provide the group with any media credibility. There isn ' t public recognition of the group . .Also, there isn ' t much potential for attracting new membership because of the narrow objectives and dogmatic approac h to issues. 100. at The Canadian rederation of Independent Bus iness, a nati onal organizatio:1 repr ese ntin g 32 ,00 0 bD~ iness•nen , r cc:~ntly a r EicuL.!ted th ei r posi tion on plann ing . Their major spokesma n John F . Bullock noted tri-s cc tor na tional th eir opposition to any fo:-m of centr al p lann:i ng in Canada by stating " c ent r« l izcd planning h.:is not v:orkcd \·:ell in .>ny cou ntry , no:::- is it or vie\ ·: 0£ thm;e who value f!:' ccdom " . He also d esirab le frcn. the point indi ca te r enewabl e ene rgy sour ces a nd env i l"Onme nta l pro te ct ion . CIIURCH GROUPS (e.g. PROJCCT llORT H, COM MITTEE FORJ USTICEAl(D l 16ERTVfOUIIDATION, TASKFORCEOil THE CHURCH[$ MIO CORPORATE RESPOllSI BILJH preference for private ownership but ·Hf tll strict public control and pla nnin g. st,.ong pre fere nce for h igh ly-plan ned and regu la ted eco nomy (eco ncmic activity directed to spec if ic soc ial goal s) ; ext re me hosti l ity to pro fi t motive and m<1d:et system. see Canadi an society as v iew "glutino us " Can<1dian doMinate d by A.rrlerican dnd U.S. energy use as multi nation.,1 corpo r respons ib l e fo r ''prem at ions; eco nomic nation al - atv re" el