{nut?'EICIE)
?='(Ins:
.. - IF I Iaing.311 I
II I iI IF. 
if7li IEItmll II I ntkIi: gate. II I 55151:12-34ij
II I 

i- iI .5 .IIrtIcIjIrIs
I 

I be?

In Hertesti-
. 
I a 
rnre
rI. 5 Mar

 

 





 

Isl?ii?L. 


 

 

 

 

 

 

   

__i_interft1ational negotiations and 

I COST OF EMISSIONS CUTS
DECLINBS WITH DELAY,
OTA REPORTS

recent report by the Office of
Technology Assessment 
the analytical arm of CongrESS.
refutes the conventional
wisdom that delaying greenhouse gas
emissions reductions for 10 to 20 years
would have irreversible consequences.
The report notes that ?there is a broad
consensus that even given a specified
control level, phasing in controls over
several decades would be much- 
cheaper than a faster program, due to
lower adjustment costs, technological
progress, and discounting.?

The OTA goes on to say that delays of
10 to 20 years in enacting emissions
controls will make little difference in
atmospheric concentrations of green?
house gases at the end of the next
century. The report estimates that a
delay of 20 years in controlling emis-
sions to a specific level would increase
atmospheric concentrations by about
10 percent, an increase OTA deems
"innocuous."

The paper is based on information
gathered at an April 23, 1993, OTA-
sponsored workshop entitled "Climate
Treaties and Models," which looked at
a number of climate change-related
issues by bringing together experts in
modeling, environmental policy, and

 

These experts not only looked at the
cost and effect of a delay in implement-
ing greenhouse gas emissions restric-
tions, but examined the implications of
international agreements that would be
necessary for effective emissions reduc?
tions.

it was noted that the necessary distri-_
bution of costs among regions from
emissions control obligations shifts over
time and, therefore, no simple system is
likely to remain acceptable over the
next century. The experts determined
that this almost necessitates that any 
credible system with international con-
trols be designed with enough flexibility

to allow renegotiation as conditions
change.

 

Continued on page 4

- Nil/93)?

CLIMATE WATCH

1) Mauritius (9/4192)

2) Seychelles (9IZEI92)

3) Marshall Islands (18i8i92)
4) United States {10i15f92)
5) Zimbabwe (I ?3.192)

6) Maldives (11/9i92)

7) Monaco (11(24i92)

8) Canada (12i4i92)

9) Australia (12130f92)

 

11) Saint Kitts and Nevis (li7i93)
12) Antigua and earnestness)
13) Ecuador {2i23i93)
14) Fiji 
15) Mexico [3i11i93)
16) Papua New Guntea {3i16i93)
Vanuatu (3i25i93)
18) Cook Islands (4i20i93)
19) IGuinea (Ni/93)
20) Armenia (5i14i93)
21) Japan (5i28i93)
Zambia (5i28i93)
23) Peru (6i7l93)
24) Algeria (6i9i93)
25) Saint Lucia (6i14i93)
26) Iceland (6,116,193)
Uzbekistan** (6i20i93)
28) Dominicai?i? (6121193)
29) Sweden (6f23i93)
31) Tunisia 
32) Burkina Faso 
33) Uganda (9i8i93)
. 34) New Zealand (9/16193)
35) Mongolia (9130/93)
36) lCzech Republic 
37) Tuvalu (1036193)
38) India {11/1i93)
39) Nauru (11(11i93)
40) Jordan (I ?1393)

Accession

 

Page 2

10) China (175793) 

 

Convention Countdown?? 

{Rati?cations of the Climate Change Convention through July 1994)



41) Micronesia (11]18i93)
42) Sudan (11(19i93)
43) Sri Lanka [11i23i93)
44) United Kingdom (12/8/93)
45) Germany (12i9i93)
46) Switzerland (IZIIUI93)
Republic of Korea (12f14i93)
48) Netherlands 
49) Denmark (12i21i93)
58) Portugal (12i21i93) 
51) Spain (12i21i93)
52) 13.1.1. (formerly EEC.) (12I21i93)
53) Cuba (1i5i94)
54) Mauritania (1i20i94)
55) Botswana 
56) Hungary (2124.194)
Paraguay (2i24i?94)
58) Austria (2i28i94)
59) Brazil (2/2894)
60) Argentina (3i11i94)
61) Malta (3/17i94)
62) Barbados (3i23i94)
63) France (3i25i?94)
64) Bahamas (33/2994)
65) Ethiopia (4594)
66) Italy (4i15i94)
Bangladesh (4/18194)
68) Ireland (4)2094)
69) Malawi (4(21i94)
(5i2i94)
71) Finland (5i3i94)
72) Luxemborg (5f9i94)
73) Pakistan (6i1i94)
T4) Chad Will/94)
75) Romania (6.18/94)
76) Gambia (6/101194)
Liechtenstein (?ll/94)
78) Trinidad and Tobago (ti/14194)
79) Benin (6230/94)
80) Malaysia (WI3I94)

 



 



Fifty1 reti?cetions were achieted on Dermnber 21, 1993, and the Contention entered into force 90 days lab?!
M?ifil 21: 1994- 6? ttithe connotes on this list are therefore legally bound by the term of the Contention.

 

Oniy signatories of the UN. Framework Convention on Climate Change may attend the
Conference of the Parties meeting in Berlin in March i995.