saratoga PLAN 1 al-P' ".333- Fagin-L.- '2 'i?-Ef f4! :z - mm . Il'l'l' INSTITUTE - . 1F'l r'INh' "ll"If- I . 1r - .o?l a. . H- (amt Pfi- BERNUTH WILLIAMSON a mint 5537'1" i: :15" . *4 43$ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ORGANIZATIONS PROTECTING THE SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN REGION • Open Space Institute • Town of Moreau • Saratoga PLAN • Town of Greenfield • New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation • Adirondack Mountain Club • Audubon Society • New York State Department of Environmental Conservation • Friends of Moreau Lake State Park • City of Saratoga Springs • Saratoga Backcountry Horsemen’s Association • Town of Wilton • Saratoga Mountain Bike Club • Town of Corinth OPEN SPACE INSTITUTE SARATOGA PLAN The Open Space Institute (OSI) protects scenic, natural, and historic landscapes to provide public enjoyment, conserve habitat and working lands, and sustain communities. Founded in 1974 to protect significant landscapes in New York State, OSI is a leader in environmental conservation, having partnered in the protection of nearly 2.2 million acres in North America, from Alabama up the spine of the Appalachians to southeastern Canada. Saratoga PLAN is dedicated to preserving the rural character, natural habitats, and scenic beauty of Saratoga County so that these irreplaceable assets are accessible to all and survive for future generations. Saratoga PLAN helps communities create plans that balance growth with conservation to sustain the Saratoga Region as a great place to live, work, visit and farm. Since formation in 2003, Saratoga PLAN has conserved more than 7,000 acres of land to date. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY The Southern Palmertown Conservation & Recreation Strategy was completed in 2018 by Alta Planning + Design and Bernuth & Williamson, for OSI and Saratoga PLAN. Funding for this project came from the New York State Conservation Partnership Program administered by the Land Trust Alliance, in partnership with the State Department of Environmental Conservation. Additional support was provided by the Cloudsplitter Foundation. For more information about conservation in the area, please visit www.saratogaplan.org/ explore/public-preserves-trails/palmertownconservation-area/ TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.......................... i Ch. 1: Existing Conditions..................... 1 Ch. 3: Opportunities............................ 47 Study Area....................................................................2 Conservation Priority Analysis..................................48 Regional Context.........................................................4 Recreation Demand Analysis....................................56 Existing Land Uses.......................................................6 Case Studies..............................................................64 Natural Resources........................................................8 Forest-Based Economic Activities............................80 Conservation Priorities..............................................12 Groundwater Recharge.............................................16 Terrestrial Resilience..................................................18 Ch. 4: Land Use Scenarios................... 83 Land Use Scenario Planning.....................................84 Agricultural Lands & Potential Working Forests.....20 Scenario 1: Suburban Sprawl Growth Pattern.........86 Recreational Resources.............................................22 Scenario 2: Conservation/Development Balance...90 Transportation Infrastructure....................................28 Scenario 3: Strong Conservation Emphasis.............94 Conservation Land Ownership.................................30 Land Use Scenario Summary....................................98 Historical/Cultural Resources...................................32 Key Destinations........................................................34 Ch. 2: Public Engagement................... 37 Ch. 5: Making the Connection.......... 103 Introduction..............................................................104 Southern Palmertown Guidance Committee........105 Public Workshop........................................................38 Conservation Recommendations...........................106 Survey.........................................................................40 Recreation Recommendations...............................112 Stakeholder Interviews..............................................42 Economic Recommendations.................................120 Summary.....................................................................44 Next Steps................................................................126 The Southern Palmertown Area has the potential to link communities through thoughtful use of a connected landscape with over 7,000 acres of currently protected lands. This area, in the northern part of Saratoga County, is an important ecological linkage between the Adirondack Park, Lake George, the Taconic and Green Mountains of Vermont, the Capital Region, and the Hudson River Valley. The vision of this plan provides recommendations for conservation, recreation, and sustainable economic development. Key features include recommended conservation lands, a trail through the study area from Moreau Lake State Park to Daniels Road State Forest, with connections to the communities, businesses and managed landscapes in Corinth, Moreau, Greenfield, Saratoga Springs, and Wilton. Moreau Lake State Park EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Southern Palmertown Range is an ecologically intact landscape with extensive, unfragmented, diverse forests and wetlands. Furthermore, the area is in close proximity to growing population centers in Saratoga Springs, Glens Falls, and Wilton. This plan suggests steps that can be taken by local communities working together with thoughtful, cooperative planning and action that will result in retention of the landscape, its environmental services, and natural resources while simultaneously stimulating compatible economic development activities. As a first step, a Guidance Committee composed of representatives from local municipalities, nonprofit organizations, and businesses should be established to oversee collaborative implementation of the recommendations contained in this Plan. LAKE GEORGE ADIROND WARREN DUNHAM BAY MARSH PROSPECT MOUNTAIN ON CO COUNTY LAKE GEORGE 149 UNTY C OU WARREN 149 9N NTY K ACK PAR 87 TY A COUN SARATOG 4 87 9L 9N GLENS FALLS ADIRONDACK PARK 9 CORINTH 4 MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK SACANDAGA LAKE LINCOLN MTN FOREST FORT EDWARD 197 40 87 50 9 WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE 40 4 K CK R PA A ND 50 IRO AD 9N 29 40 A COU 32 SARAT O G 87 SARATOGA SPA STATE PARK NT Y COUNTY NTY FULTON COU SARATOGA SPRINGS 29 HINGT ON N C OU TY WAS 29 29 SARATOGA The Executive Summary describes the various chapters, analyses, and information included in this document. While important information and findings are highlighted in this section, more detailed background information, methodologies, results, and recommendations can be found throughout Chapters 1 through 5. 9 GT WASHIN The Southern Palmertown area is located in Saratoga County and is bounded to the north by the Hudson River, to the east by Route 9, to the west by Route 9N, and to the south by Route 50 and Route 9N in Saratoga Springs. This area contains a diversity of ecological and recreational resources, and its adjacency to the Capital District and major transportation infrastructure makes it an attractive area for future development. 9 50 SARATOGA LAKE SARATOGA NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK REGIONAL AREA CONTEXT 40 FOCAL STUDY AREA WASHINGTON COUNTY SA RA TO GA CO UN TY REGIONAL STUDY AREA RENSSELAER COUNTY CH EN EC TA D YC O UN T Y S Miles 87 0 1.25 2.5 5 50 SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / i EXISTING CONDITIONS PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT The Existing Conditions Chapter provides a comprehensive look at the features within Southern Palmertown. This includes text and maps related to existing land uses, natural resources, conservation priorities, groundwater recharge, terrestrial resilience, agricultural lands and working forests, recreational resources, transportation infrastructure, conservation lands, historical and cultural resources, and key destinations. These existing conditions features are used throughout the report for various analyses and were considered when making recommendations for conservation, recreation, and economic development. The project team used three strategies to gather input from the public: a public workshop, written surveys, and stakeholder interviews. ADIRONDACK PARK oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY a ph Ro ad 9N Ra l TY C H SARATOGA COUN oad Butler R Call Street t ri n l R Middle Gro ve R oa d a Ro Road d ad a v Tra Ro Ri d Ba lla rd d nes Road er 87 Ro ad n er o i el s R o ad Rug gle sR d oa kR Gic 50 ad RECREATION BUSINESSES OR ACTIVITY CENTERS CAMPING Louden Road BOAT LAUNCH EXISTING TRAILS LOUGHBERRY LAKE PROPOSED TRAILS SNOWMOBILE TRAILS 87 MILTON ii Bro ok Ro ad venu Lake A 29 29 R oa d RECREATIONAL RESOURCES oad Denton R Street ngton Washi WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE es th or Old D an 50 Ro ad Sc out Road Kin g 9 Nor ot Ro a d Kin g p er DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road lm d oad on R N Bra ove Road Locust Gr Ro ad W ing Road Hy s d im R oa d fi en G re South R ussell Ro d a ad Ro Wilton Ro a ad Ro a oa rt R WILTON Ga i l r R o a d o PALMER TO RANG WN E ck e o e ld og s Wilt Bo sR n Ga n oo ev P in Lo c GREENFIELD Brigham Road 9N R o ad th B roa d wa y R oa d r o ve ust G d a Pi Northern Sp Ro ad A ll e Ro Gre rth o rs R e ne e rn e PALMERTOWN RANGE ilto Bal lard Gr R ne Gree o ad fiel d P or t e r C o Old W oa d LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST Clark Ro Ro ad oa d l ls R en R ll n No Pa ad ad en o Sp ie tn e 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu \ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY e oad ge ad lR An ge o Parkhu rst Road sR o r 9 il t ad oh C i er e thi Clo a ra t R rF W Sa PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa LAKE BONITA o ad M d Road le Road Fortsvil d R oa Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R on Roa tock yR Hatcher o ad W ad SPIER FALLS ath He ms Co er R o a d ad Ro ER Ro WOODLAND LAKE el M in ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK 24 9N ga to RIV ND IRO AD Road ls ra Sa d R oa G a b r i el RK PA 9 MOREAU SHERMAN ISLAND O 24 CORINTH K AC DS N 10 d oa hR Co HU VILLAGE OF CORINTH • Preserve open space and small compatible economic uses within the study area. • Concentrate intensive commercial/ residential uses outside of the study area and limit sprawl and large developments. oa d N RIVER hR int SO or UD LAKE LUZERNE WA RREN COUNTY 10 • Conserve habitat because Southern Palmertown is a critical area for wildlife. 87 RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro d rn Washbu H M HADLEY ar k Road Dimmic An t o ne HUDSON RIVER tn Public Workshop: A public workshop was held on December 13th, 2017 to present existing conditions information and solicit feedback about existing facilities and future opportunities in Southern Palmertown. There were 34 people in attendance who contributed to the consensus of the following goals: Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad • Preserve Native American heritage and culture. Surveys: Two surveys were conducted within the project timeline. The first survey was taken by workshop participants as well as supporters of Saratoga PLAN from December 2017 to January 2018. A total of 175 people responded to the first survey. The second survey was distributed by Saratoga PLAN and OSI in the Spring and Summer of 2018 and collected responses from 23 additional participants. Results from the second survey were consistent with the results from the first survey. Chapter 2 summarizes the results from the initial survey. An Appendix with more detailed results from both surveys was created as part of this project effort. Stakeholder Interviews: Twelve key stakeholders were identified by Saratoga PLAN and OSI and were invited to do in-depth confidential interviews to more fully share their local knowledge about the study area and further illuminate the priorities and needs of stakeholders in the region. Public Workshop - December 13th 2017 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS • Consider altering or augmenting the name to better resonate with local residents, noting the future need for marketing. • Emphasize the creation of a network of connected trails, that is likely to be more easily understood and more widely supported than the concept of a comprehensive plan for a connected landscape. • Leverage existing support for conservation and recreation, and tout the accepted benefits to local quality of life, while making the case for the impact on the local economy. • Prioritize muscle-powered pursuits, and consider ways to accommodate different user groups, as well as different abilities, while improving access points throughout the study area. • Ensure that vocal interests are not overrepresented, nor quiet interests underrepresented, by consulting demographic data and reaching out to others with an interest in the outdoors but no direct connection to PLAN. • Continue to engage stakeholder groups, as well as local landowners, with a focus on going to them, rather than expecting them to come to you. • Be prepared to lead not only the development but the implementation of the plan. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / iii OPPORTUNITIES The Opportunities Chapter identifies opportunities for enhancing existing conservation and recreation assets and for supporting sustainable economic development. This was accomplished using three analyses: Conservation Priority Analysis: Using existing ecological-focused data such as water and wetlands, working landscapes, significant natural communities, the capacity for groundwater recharge, and the ability to adapt to climate change, the Conservation Priority Analysis identifies priority lands for conservation. Conserving these lands will ultimately improve the quality of life for Southern Palmertown residents. The results of this analysis revealed that future conservation efforts should focus on all hotspot areas, with an emphasis on high priority areas directly adjacent to existing conservation land, such as: • Land adjacent to Moreau Lake State Park • Land to the west of Lincoln Mountain State Forest • Land along the Hudson River between the Village of Corinth and Moreau Lake State Park • Land adjacent to the Hudson River in the northeast corner of the focal study area iv \ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Recreation Demand Analysis: Identify existing demand for recreation in Southern Palmertown and inform recommendations based on data identifying where people live, work play, shop, learn, and access transit. The results of the Recreation Demand Analysis indicates that future recommendations should create opportunities to connect high-demand recreation hotspots while avoiding priority conservation areas, ultimately creating a connected recreation network within Southern Palmertown. Case Studies Analysis: This section includes case studies of outdoor recreation and conservation networks and innovative economic development initiatives that leverage existing recreation and/or conservation uses. These case studies identify a range of different approaches for establishing and maintaining a connected network of recreational and conservation lands in the Southern Palmertown Area and identify discrete economic development opportunities that promote ecotourism, leverage recreational uses, and/or advance conservation priorities. Each of the seven case studies presented offer “Lessons for Southern Palmertown” which are outlined in Chapter 3. Forest-Based Economic Activities: The Forest-Based Economic Development section lists various types of forest-based economies typical in New York State. These forest-based economies may be implemented in Southern Palmertown to boost the economic health of the area. An t o ne H M tn ar oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY d a 9N ph Ra l Co TY SARATOGA COUN oad Butler R Call Street d oa hR t 9 Co MOREAU VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 ra Sa d R oa yR Hatcher Ro ad o ad a Ro R tn a GREENFIELD Lo c o rs R Wilt Brigham Road nes Road a Ro lm er er Ro Ri d d d a Ba lla rd 87 Tra R o ad ort Ga i l r R o a d o 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R 9N o Old i el s R EXISTING CONSERVATION LAND d oa kR Gic 50 n Road HIGHER LoudePRIORITY d oa th B roa d wa y D an Nor ot Ro a d Kin g ve R oa o ad 9 Daniels Road Middle Gro CONSERVATION PRIORITIES & EXISTING CONSERVATION Rug gle sR oa d ove Road Locust Gr South G re Ro ad N Braim R fi en R ussell Ro d a d R oa n er th or d LOWER PRIORITY oad Denton R 87 ad Ro An t o ne H M tn ar oad r is R Gl e n i on A venu M alls sF QUEENSBURY Ro ad ph TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street d oa hR t ri n DS MOREAU N ER MOREAU LAKE ad a Ro Old s n Ga n Lo c GREENFIELD Wilt Brigham Road ort a Ro Tra er d Ro lm er Ri d d a Ba lla rd d nes Road R o ad Ro a o ev WILTON v R oa d e ne r o ve ust G d oa rs R ilto Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Sp Ro A ll e rth Gre Ro ad o ad e R ne Gree rn e ge R W ll fiel d P or t e r C o Pa Gr No o oa d ad ad k Road Dimmic ie tn ad n en 9 il t Sp en R rn Washbu ad oa d l ls R lR An ge W Clark Ro Road og ad W sR o o ad i er r R Fa oh C • Village of Corinth r e thi Clo Fa M d ad Ro we Ho • City of Saratoga Springs ad ra t on Roa er R o a d LAKE BONITA o Sa oad ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R o ad ath He M in m Co d k Roa st o c yR Hatcher le Road Fortsvil Ro l ler Ro d R oa Fu 24 o ad ad Ro RIV d R oa WOODLAND LAKE 9N ga to ra Sa O 24 • Daniels Road State Forest 9 Co HU G a b r i el ls R 87 LAKE LUZERNE VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 el 2 e oad tn R 9N CORINTH • Skidmore’s North Woods 1 a d 10 • Moreau Lake State Park (inlcuding Lake Bonita) 0.5 Ro HADLEY 29 et 0 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un ok Stre ngton Washi 29 Miles venue 29 Lake A Bro MILTON RECREATION DEMAND ANALYSIS R oa d P in ad e ld d Wilton Ro a W ing Road p Hy s Kin g es ck e sR Ro ad Bo • Along Locust Grove Road High Demand for Recreation in: ad Road Ro a o ev WILTON v R oa d e ne r o ve ust G d rn e ilto Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Sp Ro A ll e rth Gre Ro ad o ad Clark Ro ge W oa d e R ne Gree fiel d P or t e r C o n Ga n s en R ll n No Pa ad ad en o Gr • Along Old Saratoga Road 9 il t Sp ie W o rn Washbu ad oa d l ls R lR An ge r d sR o e thi Clo a ad oh C i er rF R ad Ro we Ho Fa o M d d ra t on Roa er R o a d • Along the east side of the Palmertown Ridge ad og Old ad W ath He M in Roa tock ms Co Sa oad ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R 24 o ad ls R le Road Fortsvil ler l Fu 9N el ad Ro Ro R oa d G a b r i el • Lincoln Mountain State Forest ga to 24 CORINTH • Along the Hudson River ad Ro th ri n • Moreau Lake State Park (including Lake Bonita) r in LAKE LUZERNE WA RREN COUNTY 10 k Road Dimmic Conservation Priorities: 87 Ro HADLEY Ro ad CONSERVATION PRIORITY ANALYSIS 87 Ga i l r R o a d o 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R 9N P in o ad Old D Nor o ad Ro a n i el s d oa kR Gic 50 ad th B roa d wa y Ro ad ot Ro a d Kin g d DEMAND FOR RECREATION 9 Daniels R ve R oa n er Rug gle sR ove Road Locust Gr G re Middle Gro N oa d d th or Braim R fi R oa d en e ld Wilton Ro a South R ussell Ro d a ad p R oa d es ck e o W ing Road Hy s Kin g Ro ad Bo sR n Road HIGHER LoudeDEMAND LOUGHBERRY LAKE LOWER DEMAND oad Denton R 87 MILTON Bro ok Ro ad venue 29 Lake A 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu Miles 0 0.5 1 2 e SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / v LAND USE SCENARIOS Three land use scenarios were developed that illustrate how the effects of varying degrees of land development versus conservation strategies may impact the landscape within Southern Palmertown. SCENARIO 1: SUBURBAN SPRAWL GROWTH PATTERN Scenario 1: The Suburban Sprawl Growth Pattern Land Use Scenario was created to show the effect continued suburban growth, with few conservation strategies, could have on the landscape within Southern Palmertown. This land use scenario resulted in the following changes to land use types: • Agricultural Land: 90% Decrease • Upland Natural Habitat: 60% Decrease • Low Density Developed Land: 365% Increase • Densely Developed Land: No Change SCENARIO 2: CONSERVATION/DEVELOPMENT BALANCE Scenario 2: The Conservation/Development Balance Land Use Scenario was created to show the effect of light development patterns and moderate conservation strategies on the landscape within Southern Palmertown. This land use scenario resulted in the following changes to land use types: • Agricultural Land: No Change • Upland Natural Habitat: 6% Decrease • Low Density Developed Land: No Change • Densely Developed Land: 73% Increase SCENARIO 3: STRONG CONSERVATION EMPHASIS Scenario 3: The Strong Conservation Emphasis Land Use Scenario was created to show the effect conservation- and recreationoriented economic development and strong conservation strategies may have on the landscape within Southern Palmertown. This land use scenario resulted in the following changes to land use types: vi \ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • Agricultural Land: No Change • Upland Natural Habitat: No Change • Low Density Developed Land: 27% Decrease • Densely Developed Land: 60% Increase SCENARIO 1: SUBURBAN SPRAWL GROWTH PATTERN t e a Ro ad Ro Old ge s d nes Road Pi Northern v Tra Ro ad es P in th B roa d wa y Nor Ro ad Rug gle sR o ad ph Ra l t ri n a Ro a tn GREENFIELD Wilt n Ga n ort a Ro d WILTON v Tra er Ro lm er le Road Fortsvil Ri d d a Ba lla rd d nes Road Ro a o ev k Road Dimmic ilto Bal lard Pi Northern R o ad 87 Ga i l r R o a d o Ro ad Kin g WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE es R oa d P in Ro ad d o ad d oa kR Gic 50 ad Rug gle sR oa d LAND USE SCENARIO 3: STRONG CONSERVATION EMPHASIS Old o i el s R Nor ve R oa n er 9 D an Daniels Road Middle Gro th or DANIELS RD STATE FOREST th B roa d wa y G re ot Ro a d Kin g N Braim R fi Ro d en e ld Wilton Ro a ad South R ussell Ro d a Rug gle sR p 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R o ad ad Pa Parkhu rst Road e ne Clark Ro ge o W PALMERTOWN RANGE oad Road 9 il t oa d Brigham Road W ing Road Hy s ad Ro Ro Old rn Washbu ad R W ra t s r o ve ust G o rs R ad og en R WATER AGRICULTURE Louden Road UPLAND NATURAL HABITATS LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED LOUGHBERRY LAKE DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS oad Denton R 87 Miles venue 29 Lake A Ro ad 2 ok 1 rn Washbu ad Parkhu rst Road oa d Braim R l oa d l ls R o Sp ie r o ad Lo c rn e AGRICULTURE Louden Road 0.5 Road og ie Sp ust G Lo c ove Road Locust Gr ad TY d R oa Sta rk sR o R ne Gree d sR WATER DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS 0 le Road Fortsvil l oa d l ls R lR An ge r o ve fi G South H i er Ro A ll e R oa d LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e thi Clo a LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST MILTON Bro ad Ro ok Bro 29 rF Sa 9N UPLAND NATURAL HABITATS LOUGHBERRY LAKE venue 29 Lake A 29 oh ll ad Gre P or t e r C o WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE oad Denton R Street ngton Washi LAKE BONITA o ad fiel d rth en o ad ad th B roa d wa y Nor d d oa kR Gic 50 Old 87 MILTON Sta rk sR o i er d W ad Ro Ro ad Kin g es Bra ove Road Locust Gr o i el s R Fa ga to yR Hatcher 87 Fo l t s R PALMERTOWN RANGE n LAND USE SCENARIO 2: CONSERVATION/ DEVELOPMENT BALANCE 9 D an Road Ro Tra 50 P in im R oa d fi en G South R ussell Ro d a Ro ad ot Ro a d ve R oa n er DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road Middle Gro th or k st o c MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK ad ad N m Co er R o a d ck e Ro re d Ro ad Ro ad Sc out Road No ad e ld Wilton Ro a ad ra Sa Sp s v d nes Road Pi Northern Ba lla rd 87 9 MOREAU O Bo ck e Kin g SARATOGA COUN Road rn Washbu Old ge R Parkhu rst Road a ler ad a Ro og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp Lo c le Road Fortsvil l ad lR An ge R oa d r o ve ust G d Ro oad on R Bo p en R ussell Ro d a Ro ad ot t ri n d R oa Sta rk sR o i er Sp ad er DS 24 el M in d oa hR WOODLAND LAKE 9N 87 ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H R PA lR Ro ad ph Ra l TY SARATOGA COUN W Ro A ll e Ro Gre rth d Ga i l r R o a d o o W ing Road Hy s K id 9N sR K ad d WILTON 2 ad Wilt R er 1 QUEENSBURY e GREENFIELD Brigham Road R o ad lm 0.5 e Gr e ne e a PALMERTOWN RANGE Miles 0 29 R o ad Ro a e M LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST Gr o rs R n Ga n DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS on ll ilto Bal lard a Ro LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED d R oa Fu C W oa d ort WATER AGRICULTURE Louden Road RALPH RD STATE FOREST 24 ad Ro we Ho C en R o ev d oa kR Gic 50 o ad ad ad Ro we Ho oh R ne Gree rn e Pa ad fiel d P or t e r C o o R oa d ER tn PALMERTOWN RANGE n No 9 il t WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE RIV W Clark Ro 50 Ro ad LAND USE SCENARIO 1: SUBURBAN SPRAWL GROWTH PATTERN Co HU G a b r i el d o Ba lla rd 87 oad Butler R VILLAGE OF CORINTH Roa r a UPLAND NATURAL HABITATS Call Street ath He e thi Clo a Ri d LAKE LUZERNE oad AC ND IRO AD Road ls R rF ad en ad ra t M d Fa LAKE BONITA o Sa er N 87 on Roa Road ad Ro yR Hatcher o ad ath He m Co er R o a d k st o c MOREAU LAKE Fo l t s R 24 n er oad tn R 9N 10 WOODLAND LAKE el M alls sF CORINTH ad R PA 9N ga to ER Ro Gl e n d RIV ler Fu Ro LOUGHBERRY LAKE i on A venu WA RREN COUNTY ra Sa N K MOREAU O MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK th or SARATOGA SPRINGS Un a WA RREN COUNTY DS d ad venu Lake A oad r is R 9 d R oa G a b r i el ar 10 d oa hR 24 CORINTH K tn ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H Co HU er ADIRONDACK PARK oad Butler R VILLAGE OF CORINTH Ro 29 Street ngton Washi 29 HADLEY Call Street ad SCENARIO 3: STRONG CONSERVATION EMPHASIS 87 LAKE LUZERNE Clark Ro oad Denton R Ro a 10 AC ND IRO AD Road ls Ro a d MILTON RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro 9N lm Kin g Old Daniels Road 2 QUEENSBURY oad Sc out Road 9 An ge alls sF ad Ro d WILTON DANIELS RD STATE FOREST i el s D an ve R oa d Middle Gro e oad Mt n R Ro a a Ro 87 k Road Dimmic H Gl e n d 10 p M M oad r is R Ro N Ro 1 n Ga n ort oad on R ok 0.5 ilto Bal lard o ev Ga i l r R o a d o d re An t o ne An t o ne ar e ld Wilton Ro a ad Bro ad Ro 0 ADIRONDACK PARK tn Wilt R o ad Miles SCENARIO 2: CONSERVATION/DEVELOPMENT BALANCE HADLEY GREENFIELD Brigham Road o ad Rug gle sR Hy s DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS 29 i on A venu e ne PALMERTOWN RANGE o Kin g th B roa d wa y Nor LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED SARATOGA SPRINGS Un ok Bro 29 a W ing Road UPLAND NATURAL HABITATS e W Sp Ro A ll e ad sR AGRICULTURE Louden Road LOUGHBERRY LAKE venu Lake A o rs R Pa oa d o ad Ro Gre rth R oa d WATER ad 29 rn e o 9N es Bra ove Road Locust Gr G South Ro a d MILTON R ne Gree P or t e r C o oad Denton R Street ngton Washi tn LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST fiel d P in im R oa d fi en R ussell Ro d a Ro ad ot Daniels Road Kin g d oa kR Gic 50 Old 87 M in en WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE EXISTING LAND USES Ro en R ll n er 9 ve R oa d Middle Gro ri n R oa W ad Ro ge s Ro ad Kin g DANIELS RD STATE FOREST i el s D an oh n Ro ad Sc out Road 9 il t ad re th or ad Road rn Washbu Old v d nes Road Pi Northern 50 ck e ad p N W o Bo ck e Ro d r ad No Bo e ld Wilton Ro a ad e thi Clo a ad R oa d a Ro og ad R Parkhu rst Road Tra 87 oad on R o W ing Road Hy s d le Road Fortsvil l oa d l ls R ie Sp Lo c Ba lla rd 9N sR Ro ad ph Ra l TY t ri n d R oa ad lR An ge R oa d r o ve ust G d R Ga i l r R o a d o rF PALMERTOWN RANGE R oa d Ro ad ph Ra l TY SARATOGA COUN sR o i er Sp Ro A ll e ad Ro Gre rth oa Fa ad ra t ad er m Co er R o a d LAKE BONITA o Sa R M in ga to yR Hatcher 87 Fo l t s R e Wilt R o ad e MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK ad Gr e GREENFIELD Brigham Road d WILTON Gr a e ne PALMERTOWN RANGE Ro a lm d Ro M n Ga n a Ro d k Roa st o c C o ad ilto Bal lard ort ler Fu 24 ad Ro we Ho W oa d LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST R ne Gree o rs R Pa o ev d R oa WOODLAND LAKE 9N el id rR ra Sa on ad en R ll fiel d rn e o MOREAU O R PA K d tn ad n P or t e r C o 9 il t DS 24 K ad 9 Co G a b r i el Roa W o Clark Ro d oa hR HU VILLAGE OF CORINTH ath He r R C oh oad Butler R Call Street oad AC ND IRO AD Road ls M d e thi Clo a on Roa rF ad No ad ra t PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa LAKE BONITA o Sa ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE o ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R o ad W ad yR Hatcher 87 ER Ro QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST RIV ER ath He m Co er R o a d ad Ro RIV ler 24 d k Roa st o c ga to 10 MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK oad tn R 9N CORINTH d R oa Fu M alls sF N ra Sa WOODLAND LAKE 9N el en MOREAU N K d 9 O 24 Gl e n WA RREN COUNTY WA RREN COUNTY DS R PA K AC ND IRO AD Road ls M in d oa hR Co G a b r i el oad r is R 10 oad Butler R CORINTH ar ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H Call Street HU H HADLEY LAKE LUZERNE VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 tn a a 9N 10 87 Ro Ro d ADIRONDACK PARK QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST ove Road Locust Gr alls sF SARATOGA COUN Gl e n k Road Dimmic H oad r is R M M HADLEY ar An t o ne An t o ne tn oad Mt n R R ADIRONDACK PARK k Road Dimmic EXISTING LAND USE 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu Miles 0 0.5 1 2 e SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / vii MAKING THE CONNECTION Three recommendations sections and maps were developed to highlight specific recommendations as well as best practices and policies related to Conservation, Recreation, and Economic Development. The recommendations made for each category are as follows: ADIRONDACK PARK An t o ne HADLEY H M tn ar oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY ph Ro ad a Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H TY SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY t ri n l a Ro ve R oa ad rn Washbu ge a Ri d Ba lla rd d nes Road v Tra er 87 Kin g es Ro ad n er o ad RECOMMENDED CONSERVATION LAND Old D an i el s R d oa kR Gic 50 d oa EXISTING CONSERVATION LAND n Road HIGHER LoudePRIORITY LOUGHBERRY LAKE LOWER PRIORITY oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok Bro MILTON 29 Stre ngton Washi et 29 WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE Rug gle sR PALMER TO RANG WN E oa d th or 50 Ro ad Sc out Road R oa d CONSERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS 9 d Ro lm d oad on R Nor ot Ro a d Kin g Middle Gro er DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road a Ro d Ga i l r R o a d o N Braim R ove Road Locust Gr G Ro ad W ing Road p Hy s d en fi Wilton Ro a d re South R ussell Ro d a R oa R o ad Ro a ort k Road Dimmic s Wilt o e ld n Ga n o ev WILTON P in Lo c GREENFIELD Brigham Road 9N sR e ne th B roa d wa y R oa d r o ve ust G d a PALMERTOWN RANGE ilto Bal lard Pi Northern Sp Ro A ll e ad o ad Ro Gre rth o rs R Old W e R ne Gree rn e Pa oa d LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST fiel d P or t e r C o o ad ll SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e Clark Ro Ro tn Gr No 9 il t Sp ie W oad Road og ad oa d l ls R lR An ge en R le Road Fortsvil d R oa Sta rk ad W sR o o ad i er r R e thi Clo a ad en ad ra t M oh C \ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY rF ad viii o Sa on d ad Ro we Ho Fa LAKE BONITA PALMERTOWN RANGE n ck e • A graphically linked comprehensive interpretive plan should be completed to tell the story of this place. o ad Roa er R o a d d ad Ro ER 24 Roa tock ms Co ga to yR Hatcher 87 Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK ad Bo • Collaborate with local schools, academic institutions, and service organizations to develop a stewardship program for the local landscape. Ro R PA el M in ler Fu ath He • Establish and Maintain a Community Forest Within the Study Area. ra Sa RIV K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el K DS 24 CORINTH AC ND IRO AD Road ls 9 Co HU VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 oad Butler R d oa hR N • Acquire Land or secure Conservation Easements Based on the Priorities Identified in This Plan. Call Street Parkhu rst Road CONSERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS R 10 • Ongoing Conservation Education, Programming, and/or Advocacy. 87 Ro RALPH RD THE RECOMMENDED CONSERVATION LANDS d STATE FOREST 9N WERE DETERMINED BASED ON THECONSERVATION PRIORITY ANALYSIS CONDUCTED IN CHAPTER 3. THE LANDS SHOWN HERE ARE OF HIGH AND MEDIUM PRIORITY FOR CONSERVATION AND, IF CONSERVED, LAKE LUZERNE WOULD CREATE A CONNECTED LANDSCAPE OF CONSERVATION LAND WITHIN SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad RECREATION RECOMMENDATIONS HUDSON RIVER oad r is R ADIRONDACK PARK Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R ph Ro ad 9N Ra l TY SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R ri n t 9 N l ad ok Bro 29 a Ro Road ad Old og ge nes Road k Road Dimmic Ba lla rd v Tra 87 Kin Ro ad es 50 Ro ad n er KEY RECREATION CORRIDORS d oa kR Gic 50 d oa Rug gle sR EXISTING RESOURCES i el s R PRESERVE o ad th or CAMPING RECREATION BUSINESSES OR ACTIVITY CENTERS Louden Road BOAT LAUNCH EXISTING TRAILS LOUGHBERRY LAKE PROPOSED TRAIL (HALFWAY BROOK) SNOWMOBILE TRAILS 87 venue 29 Lake A Ro COMPLETE THE SARATOGA Street ngton MILTON Washi GREENBELT TRAIL 29 a Sc out Road P in oa d ove Road Locust Gr ve R oa Ro PROPOSED GATEWAYS Old d CONNECT TO d THE SARATOGA Denton Roa GREENBELT TRAIL Middle Gro er PROPOSED TRAILSg Road 9 D an CONNECTION TO WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE AND PARK d RECREATION WILTON RECOMMENDATIONS WILDLIFE DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road ot Ro a d Kin g p Ro a WILTON oad on R N Braim R fi Ro ad W ing Road Hy s d en G South R ussell Ro d a ad Wilton Ro a d re ilt Ga i l r R o a d o PALMER TO RANG WN E o R oa ad s Wilt R o ad th B roa d wa y Lo c GREENFIELD Brigham Road e ld e ne Nor R oa d r o ve ust G d PALMERTOWN RANGE 9N sR Clark Ro Ri d CREATE A TRAIL er WHERE lm Pa FEASIBLE ALONG THE d oa FORMER RAIL LINE TO rt R oo ev GRANT’S COTTAGE an on G Bal lard Pi Northern Sp Ro A ll e rth Gre Ro ad o ad e a oad Ro R ie Sp LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST fiel d o rs R rn Washbu ad oa d l ls R lR An ge ll Parkhu rst Road sR o ad i er R ad R ne Gree rn e 9 W oa d ad P or t e r C o ad ra t M en R Gr No Sa on C oh n en le Road Fortsvil d R oa Sta rk ad W 24 PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa yR Hatcher 87 o ad d er R o a d d ad Ro ER Roa M in Roa tock ms Co MOREAU LAKE Fo l t s R COMPLETE TRAIL SPIER FALLS LAKE FROM MOREAU BONITA W LAKE STATE PARK o il t TO DANIELS ROAD hier o tn t a Clo rF STATE FOREST o ath He el ga to RIV WOODLAND LAKE 9N ra Sa MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK CONVERT TOoaA d R ler SHARED-USEFuTRAIL IF RAILROAD OPERATIONS ARE DISCONTINUED R PA MOREAU SHERMAN ISLAND O 24 K K ck e • Complete the Saratoga Greenbelt Trail. DS d R oa Bo • Provide limited trail access with an educational or interpretive focus in Lincoln Mountain State Forest and other locations with significant conservation values. d oa hR Co HU G a b r i el • Identify and implement facilities for specific uses to accommodate all abilities in key destinations such as Moreau Lake State Park, Daniels Road State Forest, and Lincoln Mountain State Forest as appropriate. • Construct gateways at major recreation hubs such as Moreau Lake and Saratoga Spa State Parks and Daniels Road and Lincoln Mountain State Forests. ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H Call Street CORINTH AC ND IRO AD Road ls 87 LAKE LUZERNE VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 QUEENSBURY POTENTIAL CONNECTION ACROSS THE HUDSON RIVER RALPH RD STATE FOREST a d 10 • Complete land acquisitions/easements for a trail from Moreau Lake State Park to the Saratoga Greenbelt Trail, complete construction of this trail, and put a trail stewardship plan in place. • Develop and Implement a comprehensive wayfinding plan for Southern Palmertown. ar Ro HADLEY H M tn d An t o ne • Develop a ‘Friends’ organization, separate from the Southern Palmertown Guidance Committee, to support ongoing trail and outdoor recreation such as trail construction and maintenance. SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu Miles 0 0.5 1 2 e • Convert the Saratoga and North Creek Railway and historic trolley line to Grant’s Cottage into shared-use trails. • Provide a connection for trail users between the Town of Moreau and the Town of Queensbury. • Maintain and enhance the scenic quality of roads within the study area for all users. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / ix ECONOMIC RECOMMENDATIONS ADIRONDACK PARK oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY Ro a ph Ro ad 9N Ra l TY SARATOGA COUN FOCUS DEVELOPMENT IN THE VILLAGE OF CORINTH t ri n l x \ EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ve R oa a Ro og ad er Ri d a Ba lla rd 87 Ro ad Old o i el s R ad Kin g n Road Lo DEVELOPED CORRIDOR LOUGHBERRY LAKE MILTON Bro ok Ro ad venue 29 Lake A 29 29 R oa d ECONOMIC RECOMMENDATIONS ude ECONOMIC DEVELPOMENT FOCUS AREA 87 Street WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE Rug gle sR d oa kR Gic 50 oad Denton R ngton Washi 50 Ro ad Sc out Road es 99 Daniels Road Ro ge v Tra Ro DANIELS RD STATE FOREST D an d d WILTON er lm d LOCATE BUSINESSES IN NEED OF DEVELOPED n erLAND ALONG DEVELOPED th or CORRIDORS N Nor Middle Gro a Ro oad on R oa d ove Road Locust Gr Ro ad Ro a d ot 9N Kin g p Hy s Braim R fi G en d South R ussell Ro d a ad R oa re ort Ga i l r R o a d o PALMER TO RANG WN E ck e e ld d Wilton Ro a 9 R o ad SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e oad Clark Ro P in R oa d Bo • Encourage and support appropriate working landscapes and forest-based economic activities such as forestry, wood and paper manufacturing, woodworking artisan products, Christmas tree harvesting, maple syrup and mushroom production, and forest recreation. Wilt o W ing Road • Collaborate with local tourism organizations, municipalities, and the local Chamber of Commerce to encourage visitors to utilize the area’s recreation opportunities. GREENFIELD Brigham Road 9N sR e ne th B roa d wa y a Lo c o rs R PALMERTOWN RANGE r o ve ust G d rn e o ad Ro a o ev d Sp Ro A ll e ad Ro Gre rth R ne Gree nes Road LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST ilto Bal lard Pi Northern ll 9N n Ga n s W oa d e P or t e r C o Pa Gr No Old Sp ie R l ls R ad oa d ad lR An ge en R ad fiel d 99 o Parkhu rst Road sR o tn ad oh C i er r R e thi Clo a ad n en ad ra t M rF Sa PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa LAKE BONITA on Road le Road Fortsvil d R oa Sta rk o ad d er R o a d tock ad Ro yR Hatcher 87 Fo l t s R RESORT OR INSTITUTION W o il t DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY o Roa ms Co MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK ad WOODLAND LAKE ath He W Ro 24 9N 9N ga to ER ler Fu R PA el M in ra Sa RIV K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el K DS 24 CORINTH AC ND IRO AD Road ls 9 Co HU VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 oad Butler R hR N • Facilitate trail-oriented development, eco-tourism, and recreation-based tourism businesses, including lodging, restaurants and cafes, rental shops, environmental education and guide services, camping, geocaching, and related businesses at appropriate locations along the trail system. • Continue to support sustainable redevelopment of the Balmoral Hotel (Mt. McGregor Correctional Facility) and consider conservation of priority lands within the property. ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H POTENTIAL WORKING FOREST OR RECREATION TOURISM AREA LAKE LUZERNE WITH OPPORTUNITY FOR RENTAL SHOPS, CAFES, AND OTHER NEARBY Call StreBUSINESSES d et oa WA RREN COUNTY 10 o ad d 87 RALPH RD STATE FOREST Road H M HADLEY ar rn Washbu An t o ne tn k Road Dimmic • Engage in a branding exercise for the study area to determine an identity for the region, including a final name, graphic representation and Marketing Strategy. Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad NEXT STEPS This Plan is the beginning of a new vision for this unique area. It is clearly a place with significant conservation, recreation, and economic development potential - and realizing that vision will require new partnerships. With a shared understanding of how significant this landscape is, the region’s stakeholders now have the potential to create a lasting legacy for future generations. Moreau Lake State Park Conserved Land on Greene Rd in Greenfield Lincoln Mountain State Forest Grant Cottage Historic Site Lake Bonita SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / xi . . . av. .. aura} - . fin-.I?wnlu?I .. Moreau Lake State Park The Southern Palmertown Area has the potential to connect communities in a landscape with over 7,000 acres of protected lands. This area, in the northern part of Saratoga County, is an important ecological boundary between the Adirondack Park, Lake George and the Capital Region. This chapter focuses on documenting the existing conditions of Southern Palmertown, including land uses, natural resources, recreational amenities, transportation infrastructure, and key destinations. It also lays the groundwork for identifying future opportunities to expand conservation lands, increase the connectivity and availability of recreational activities, and promote sustainable economic development. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 1 STUDY AREA The Southern Palmertown study area covers approximately 40,500 acres (63.2 square miles) and includes portions of the Towns of Corinth, Greenfield, Moreau, Wilton, and the City of Saratoga Springs. The study area is defined by Route 9 to the east, Route 9N to the west, the Hudson River to the north, and Route 50 and Route 9N in Saratoga Springs to the south. Key open spaces and recreational areas within Southern Palmertown include Moreau Lake State Park, Lincoln Mountain State Forest, Lake Bonita, and Daniels Road State Forest. The Adirondack Park boundary intersects with the northwest corner of Southern Palmertown, at the edge of the Village of Corinth. Table 1: Southern Palmertown Town and City Characteristics TOWN/CITY Town of Corinth Town of Greenfield Town of Moreau Town of Wilton City of Saratoga Springs POPULATION* TOTAL AREA* (SQ MI) AREA WITHIN SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN (SQ MI) 6,503 7,791 15,058 16,561 27,244 56.8 67.4 41.6 35.8 28.1 15.9 24.9 13.7 6.9 1.8 *ACS 2015 5-year, CensusReporter.org Moreau Lake State Park 2 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS Lincoln Mountain State Forest ADIRONDACK PARK oad tn R QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t HU l Old ge s Ro a d WILTON v Tra er Ro Ri d a Ba lla rd 87 Ro ad Kin g ad Ro ok Bro 29 R oa d o ad ad Ro ick G 50 Old Louden Road ad FOCAL AREA CONTEXT LOUGHBERRY LAKE FOCAL STUDY AREA REGIONAL STUDY AREA venue 29 Lake A 29 WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE n er oad Denton R Street ngton Washi Ro ad Sc out Road 87 MILTON 50 es Ro th B roa d wa y i el s D an SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e Clark Ro d d nes Road Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road th or 9 Nor Ro a d Kin g n Ga n er oad on R oa d ove Road Locust Gr Ro ad ilto oa rt R DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road ve R oa d Middle Gro W oo ev Ga i l r R o a d o N Braim R fi en G South R ussell Ro d a ad d re ot R o ad PALME RTO RANG WN E ck e p lm Pa Rug gle sR Wilt Bo Ro Wilton Ro a ad e ne GREENFIELD o e ld o P in Lo c PALMERTOWN RANGE Brigham Road W ing Road Hy s a Ro og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp r o ve ust G d rth Gre Ro R oa d o ad e ad A ll e Ro Sp LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST 9N sR tn Gr a R ad lR An ge ll d o rs R o oad ad Sta rk sR o oa d ad R ne Gree rn e r 9 il t ad en R ad P or t e r C o MAP HERE e thi Clo ra t R a rF W Sa M C i er o oh le Road Fortsvil d R oa W LAKE BONITA PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad on d n No 87 o ad d er R o a d M in fiel en ER Roa m Co k Roa st o c yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV ND ls oad 24 ath He el R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO ra Sa N K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 Ro d 87 k Road Dimmic H M Gl e n M alls sF rn Road Washbu An t o ne tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad REGIONAL CONTEXT The Southern Palmertown study area is located at the northern portion of Saratoga County. This area is approximately 35 miles north of Albany, New York State’s Capital, and 190 miles north of New York City. Key open spaces and recreational areas surrounding Southern Palmertown include the southeastern edge of the Adirondack Park, Saratoga Spa State Park, Saratoga National Historical Park, Wilton Wildlife Preserve, Prospect Mountain, Dunham Bay Marsh, Lake George, Sacandaga Lake, and Saratoga Lake. Sacandaga Lake Lake George Saratoga National Historical Park 4 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS Saratoga Spa State Park 9 LAKE GEORGE ARK DACK P 87 ADIRON Y COUNT N WARRE TON CO DUNHAM BAY MARSH PROSPECT MOUNTAIN G WASHIN LAKE GEORGE UNTY 149 C OU WARREN 149 9N NTY TY A COUN SARATOG 4 87 9L 9N GLENS FALLS ADIRONDACK PARK 9 CORINTH MAP HERE 4 MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK SACANDAGA LAKE LINCOLN MTN FOREST FORT EDWARD 197 87 50 9 K K AC R PA ND 40 4 50 RO I AD WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE 9N 29 N C OU TY 32 SARATOGA SPA STATE PARK 40 A NT Y A COUNTY 9 50 SARATOGA LAKE SARATOGA NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK REGIONAL AREA CONTEXT 40 FOCAL STUDY AREA WASHINGTON COUNTY SA RA TO GA CO UN TY REGIONAL STUDY AREA RENSSELAER COUNTY C H EN EC Miles S TA DY CO UN T Y OUNTY FULTON C 87 COU SARATOG SARATOGA SPRINGS SARAT O G 29 29 WAS HINGT ON 29 87 50 0 1.25 2.5 5 40 EXISTING LAND USES The land uses, as delineated by Saratoga PLAN, within Southern Palmertown are shown on the Existing Land Uses Map. Saratoga PLAN created this dataset using a combination of various datasets such as Agricultural Lands, Natural Habitats, and data from the 2011 National Land Cover Dataset Impervious Surface from USGS. Saratoga PLAN’s analysis resulted in five land use categories: • Water • Agricultural Land • Upland Natural Habitat • Low Density Developed • Developed/Impervious Agricultural Lands are scattered throughout the study area, with a high concentration of this particular land use along Locust Grove Road in the Town of Greenfield. Upland Natural Habitat lands are highly concentrated within known open space and recreational lands, such as Moreau Lake State Park, Lincoln Mountain State Forest, and Daniels Road State Forest. Low Density Developed land consists mainly of single family homes. Unsurprisingly this land use tends to be concentrated along roadways within the study area. A majority of the Developed/Impervious land, consisting of higher density residential and commercial developments, is located within the City of Saratoga Springs, in the southern portion of the study area, and the Town of Corinth in the northwestern portion of the study area. Additionally, a small patch of Developed/ Impervious land is located in the area of the former McGregor Correctional Facility as well as along major roadways throughout Southern Palmertown. Figure 1: Existing Land Use Distribution Developed/Impervious • 2,360 Acres • 6% of Land Uses Low Density Developed • 5,312 Acres • 13% of Land Uses Water Upland Natural Habitat • 31,179 Acres • 692 Acres • 2% of Land Uses • 77% of Land Uses Agricultural Land • 887 Acres • 2% of Land Uses 6 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS ADIRONDACK PARK oad tn R QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t HU l Old 9 o Former McGregor Correctional Facility Lo c Wilt s n Ga n er d Ro er Ri d d WILTON v R o ad Ro a oa rt R lm Pa a Ba lla rd d nes Road Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road e ne GREENFIELD Brigham Road ilto Tra PALMERTOWN RANGE W oo ev 87 Ga i l r R o a d o oad on R WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE R oa d P in Rug gle sR o ad n er EXISTING LAND USES ad Ro ick G 50 Old 9 Ro ad th B roa d wa y i el s D an Daniels Road ve R oa d Middle Gro th or DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Nor Ro a d oa d ove Road Locust Gr Ro ad N Braim R fi G re ot Kin g d en Ro South R ussell Ro d a ad WATER AGRICULTURE Louden Road UPLAND NATURAL HABITATS LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED LOUGHBERRY LAKE DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok MILTON Bro p Ro ad es ck e e ld Wilton Ro a ad W ing Road Hy s Kin g Ro ad Bo o 50 Sc out Road 9N sR Clark Ro ad a Ro og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp r o ve ust G d R ad lR An ge R oa d ad Ro Gre ra t 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e Miles 0 oad Ro Sta rk sR o Ro A ll e o ad e rth tn Gr a o LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST Sp i er oa d ll d o rs R r ad en R ad R ne Gree rn e MAP HERE e thi Clo Sa il t R a rF W M C oh le Road Fortsvil d R oa W o ad P or t e r C o ad PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa LAKE BONITA on d n No 87 o ad d er R o a d M in fiel en ER Roa m Co k Roa st o c yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV ND ls oad 24 ath He el R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO ra Sa N K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 ge d 87 k Road Dimmic H M Gl e n M alls sF rn Road Washbu An t o ne tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro 0.5 1 2 ad NATURAL RESOURCES WETLANDS Emergent and forested/shrub wetlands are concentrated in the western portion of the Southern Palmertown Area. Emergent wetlands include herbaceous marshes, fens, swales, and wet meadows, and forested/shrub wetlands include forested swamps and bogs.1 It is also important to note that this area encompasses the headwaters for the Snook Kill, Kaydeross Creek, and Loughberry Lake Freshwater wetlands provide important feeding, nesting, and spawning habitat for a diversity of fish and wildlife and they play a critical role in connecting upland and aquatic habitats. In addition to their habitat value, wetlands provide several other benefits, including: • Water quality improvements by filtering out pollutants and sediments from stormwater runoff and snowmelt; • Flood control by storing and absorbing stormwater runoff and snowmelt; • Erosion control by slowing water velocities; • Groundwater recharge; and, • Scenic landscapes for open space preservation, education and research, and limited recreation. 8 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS Freshwater wetlands in New York State are regulated under The Freshwater Wetlands Act, which is administered by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Wetlands that are 12.4 acres (5 hectares) or larger are protected under the Act. Smaller wetlands can also be protected if they are considered of “unusual local importance.” Areas within 100-feet of a wetland are also regulated under the Act to ensure adequate protection is provided. Pursuant to Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, the Army Corps of Engineers also protects wetlands, irrespective of size. Major rivers, lakes, ponds, and streams within the study area include: the Hudson River, Moreau Lake, Lake Bonita, Woodland Lake, Saddle Lake, Taylor Pond, Carp Pond, Heath Brook, Stony Brook, Beaver Brook, Sturdevant Creek, Kayaderossers Creek, Mud Creek, Snook Kill, Sessleman Brook, and Putnam Brook. The location of wetlands and water features will inform conservation, recreation, and economic development recommendations within the study area. ADIRONDACK PARK oad tn R QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t HU l Old ge s Ro a d WILTON a Ba lla rd v d nes Road Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Tra er Ro 87 Sc out Road Ro ad Kin g R oa d ad Ro ick G 50 Old NATURAL RESOURCES Ro a n i el s FRESHWATER WETLANDS ouden Road L ad POND/LAKE/RIVER EMERGENT WETLAND LOUGHBERRY LAKE FORESTED/SHRUB WETLAND oad Denton R Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok Bro 29 WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE n er 87 MILTON Ro ad es th or 9 D 50 P in oa d ove Road Locust Gr n Ga n Ri d d DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Nor Ro a d Kin g Braim R fi en G Ro ad ve R oa d Middle Gro ilto oa rt R er oad on R N Daniels Road ot p d re South R ussell Ro d a ad Wilton Ro a W oo ev Ga i l r R o a d o PALME RTO RANG WN E ck e Ro lm Pa o ad Wilt Bo e ld o R o ad Street ngton Washi 29 Clark Ro Rug gle sR GREENFIELD o ad e ne th B roa d wa y Lo c PALMERTOWN RANGE Brigham Road W ing Road Hy s a Ro og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp r o ve ust G d rth Gre Ro R oa d o ad e ad A ll e Ro Sp LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST 9N sR tn Gr a R ad lR An ge ll d o rs R o SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e oad ad Sta rk sR o oa d ad R ne Gree rn e r 9 il t ad en R ad P or t e r C o MAP HERE e thi Clo ra t R a rF W Sa M C i er o oh le Road Fortsvil d R oa W LAKE BONITA PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad on d n No 87 o ad d er R o a d M in fiel en ER Roa m Co k Roa st o c yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV ND ls oad 24 ath He el R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO ra Sa N K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 Ro d 87 k Road Dimmic H M Gl e n M alls sF rn Road Washbu An t o ne tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad WATERSHEDS There are eight watersheds that fall within the Southern Palmertown study area. Of particular importance is the Bog Meadow Brook watershed, which encompasses Loughberry Lake. Loughberry Lake is one of the five drinking water sources for the City of Saratoga Springs, and it is the only source that comes from surface water; all other drinking water sources come from groundwater well systems.2 The watershed map was created using hydrologic unit code (HUC) 12 watershed data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), as this code represents a more local sub-watershed level.3 All of the surface drainage in each watershed converges at a single outlet location.4 The name of each watershed indicates the outlet or receiving waterbody for each watershed. For example, all surface runoff in the Snook Kill watershed ultimately flows into the Snook Kill. For each watershed, the USGS identifies any modifications to natural overland flow that affects the natural delineation of a watershed.”5 The two modifications present within watersheds that overlap with the Southern Palmertown Area are: • Artificial Waterway: “A canal, ditch, or drain used to transport surface water that alters the natural flow out of the hydrologic unit.”6 • No Modifications: “No modifications are present.” This category is used when no other options with the modification domain have been cited.7 Table 2: Southern Palmertown Watersheds NAME Geyser Brook Bog Meadow Brook Upper Kayaderasseras Creek Snook Kill Sturdevant Creek-Hudson River Clendon Brook-Hudson River North Branch Snook Kill Glens Falls Feeder CanalHudson River 10 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS MODIFICATION No Modifications No Modifications No Modifications Artificial Waterway (General Canal/Ditch) No Modifications Artificial Waterway (General Canal/Ditch) Artificial Waterway (General Canal/Ditch) Artificial Waterway (General Canal/Ditch) ADIRONDACK PARK QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY Call Street d oa hR t 9 Co HU DS MOREAU ra Sa O N VILLAGE OF CORINTH ER MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R oa d STURDEVANT CREEK-HUDSON ad RIVER Ro l Sta rk ie Sp ove Road Locust Gr Ro ad a Ro ad Old ge s nes Road oa rt R d d a Ba lla rd d v Tra Ro Ri d 87 n er o ad th or ad Ro ick G 50 Old ad BOG MEADOW BROOK STURDEVANT CREEK-HUDSON RIVER UPPER KAYADERASSERAS CREEK Louden Road SNOOK KILL GEYSER BROOK LOUGHBERRY LAKE BOG MEADOW BROOK oad Denton R Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok Bro 29 Ro ad GLENS FALLS FEEDER CANALWILDLIFE HUDSON RIVER K PRESERVE ing R oa d CLENDON BROOK-HUDSON RIVER NORTH BRANCH SNOOK KILL 87 MILTON 50 Sc oRESOURCES ut Road NATURAL Ro ad o i el s R Nor Kin g Ro a d ot ve R oa d Middle Gro oo ev er WILTON 9 Daniels Road Ro a er DANIELS RD STATE FOREST D an Street ngton Washi 29 Clark Ro WATERSHEDS oad on R oa d Braim R fi en G South R ussell Ro d a ad p n Ga n Bal lard Ga i l r R o a d o N GEYSER BROOK Hy s ilto es ck e d re W ing Road R o ad PALME RTO RANG WN E Bo Ro Wilton Ro a W P in Lo c Wilt o ad e ne GREENFIELD Brigham Road e ld lm Pa SNOOK KILL WILTON Parkhu rst Road R oa d d ust G r o ve Ro Gre rth PALMERTOWN RANGE e ad A ll e Ro Sp LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST 9N sR o Pi Northern ll a tn Gr o rs R R oa d l ls R lR An ge oa d ad ad UPPER Ro ne Gree KAYADERASSERAS fiel d en CREEK rn e o th B roa d wa y sR o en R ad P or t e r C o r ad oh n No MAP HERE e thi Clo 9 il t PALMERTOWN RANGE C i er a rF W ra t R d ad Ro we Ho Fa o Sa M d er R o a d M in LAKE BONITA on Roa m Co k Roa st o c ad og WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ad W ls 24 ath He el o ad ND 87 Fo l t s R R PA RO I AD ler Fu MOREAU LAKE ad G a b r i el K NORTH BRANCH SNOOK KILL y Road Hatcher d R oa le Road Fortsvil 24 CORINTH K AC ga to ad Ro RIV 10 CLENDON BROOK-Butler Road HUDSON RIVER ri n 10 GLENS FALLS FEEDER CANALHUDSON RIVER Ro d 87 Rug gle sR r oad tn R k Road Dimmic H M HADLEY ar Gl e n M alls sF rn Road Washbu An t o ne tn ad is Ro SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad CONSERVATION PRIORITIES CONSERVATION LANDS Data provided by Saratoga PLAN indicates areas of conservation within the Southern Palmertown study area. There are a total of 111 acres of conservation land held by Saratoga PLAN. The current land uses of these conservation properties include: parks and open space, forests, vacant land, correctional facilities, cemetery, and water-related uses. Recommendations within the study area will be sensitive to the fact that this land has been designated for conservation by Saratoga PLAN. BIRD CONSERVATION AREA A portion of the Moreau Lake Bird Conservation Area (BCA) is within the Southern Palmertown study area. The entire BCA, including land outside the study area, is 3,368 acres. The portion within Southern Palmertown is owned and managed by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP).8 The Moreau Lake BCA supports a diversity of birds associated with upland forest. This area supports state or federally threatened birds and species of special concern, including: bald eagles, pied-billed grebe, northern harrier, Cooper’s hawk, and red-shouldered hawk.9 Other common breeds present in this area for breeding and migration include: wild turkey, pileated woodpecker, blue-headed vireo, pine warbler, golden-crowned kinglet, black-throated green warbler, red-breasted nuthatch, hermit thrush, and white-throated sparrow.10 12 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL AREAS For land to be designated as a Critical Environmental Area (CEA) by local or state agencies, the land must have unique characteristics with respect to one or more of the following criteria:11 • a benefit or threat to human health • a natural setting • agricultural, social, cultural, historic, archaeological, recreational, or educational values • an inherent ecological, geological or hydrological sensitivity to change that may be adversely affected by any change. Though there are no CEAs located within Southern Palmertown, there is one CEA, representing the Loughberry Lake Watershed, directly adjacent to the study area. The Loughberry Lake Watershed is particularly important, as it is one of five sources of drinking water for the City of Saratoga Springs. Any recommendations made within and/or adjacent to the Loughberry Lake Watershed area should be sensitive of this CEA. 9 LAKE GEORGE ARK DACK P 87 ADIRON Y COUNT N WARRE TON CO DUNHAM BAY MARSH PROSPECT MOUNTAIN G WASHIN LAKE GEORGE UNTY 149 C OU WARREN 149 9N NTY TY A COUN SARATOG 4 87 9L 9N GLENS FALLS ADIRONDACK PARK 9 CORINTH MAP HERE 4 MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK SACANDAGA LAKE LINCOLN MTN FOREST FORT EDWARD 197 87 50 9 K K AC R PA ND 50 RO I AD 40 4 9N 29 N C OU TY 32 SARATOGA SPA STATE PARK 40 A INVENTORIED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY AREAS NT Y A COUNTY 9 SARATOGA LAKE BIRD CONSERVATION AREA CONSERVATION LAND CRITICAL EVNIRONMENTAL AREAS 50 40 SIGNIFICANT NATURAL COMMUNITIES WASHINGTON COUNTY SA RA TO GA CO UN TY (W/ 1/2 MILE BUFFER) RENSSELAER COUNTY C H EN EC Miles S TA DY CO UN T Y OUNTY FULTON C 87 COU SARATOG SARATOGA SPRINGS SARAT O G 29 29 WAS HINGT ON 29 87 50 0 1.25 2.5 5 40 SIGNIFICANT NATURAL COMMUNITIES The Significant Natural Communities included here were identified by the State of New York on stateowned lands and may not be fully representative as additional Significant Natural Communities may be located on other, non-state owned, lands. A half-mile buffer is shown around each significant natural community as nearby lands should also be considered for conservation. Common threats to the Red Maple-Blackgum Swamp include: development of the surrounding landscape and its associated run-off, changes to the natural habitat, and recreational overuse (both motorized and non-motorized).18 Any recommendations included in this Plan, or in the future, need to be made with the health and needs of this type of area in mind. HEMLOCK-NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST CALCAREOUS TALUS SLOPE WOODLAND The Hemlock-Northern Hardwood Forest is a mixed forest, often consisting of the following tree species: Eastern hemlock, American beech, sugar maple, red maple, black cherry, white pine , yellow birch, black birch, red oak , and basswood.12 These forests can typically be found on cool, midelevation slopes, ravines, and on the well-drained edges of swamps.13 The most common threats to the health of the Hemlock-Northern Hardwood Forest include: changes in land use, forest fragmentation, and invasive species.14 Of these, the largest threat to this type of forest are activities that cause forest fragmentation.15 Changes to the landscape, such as the construction of roads or housing developments, can inhibit the movement of various plant and animal species that thrive on connected and cohesive open spaces.16 Any future development within Southern Palmertown should be contextsensitive to the location of the Hemlock-Northern Hardwood Forest to mitigate the risk of forest fragmentation. RED MAPLE-BLACKGUM SWAMP The Red Maple-Blackgum Swamp is a hardwood swamp dominated by the red maple and blackgum species. This type of hardwood swamp is typically located within poorly drained depressions in maritime, coastal, and inland land.17 14 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS The Calcareous Talus Slope Woodland is defined as “an open or closed canopy community that occurs on talus slopes composed of calcareous bedrock such as limestone or dolomite.”19 The Calcareous Talus Slope Woodland is vulnerable to: changes in land use, forest fragmentation, invasive species, deer, fire suppression, air pollution, land development, habitat alteration, and recreational overuse (both motorized and nonmotorized).20 Changes in habitat and recreational overuse should be minimized, or avoided, within and surrounding these types of woodlands.21 As a significant natural community, this Plan will consider the needs of these woodlands when making conservation and recreational recommendations. PITCH PINE-SCRUB OAK BARRENS The Pitch Pine-Scrub Oak Barrens is defined as “a pine barrens community with a shrub layer dominated by scrub oaks underlain by heath species.”22 These fire-dependent communities are often located on well-drained sandy soils and consist of a thicket shrub layer that covers 60% to 80% of the pine barrens community.23 As these areas are fire-dependent, fire suppression is the main threat to the community.24 Other threats to this community include fragmentation through development, recreational overuse (both motorized and non-motorized), and changes to the natural habitat.25 Development and recreational uses should be restricted within these areas to preserve the health of the pine barrens community.26 ADIRONDACK PARK oad tn R QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t HU l Old ge s Ro a oo ev oa rt R d WILTON er Ro er Ri d d a v Ro INVENTORIED ECOLOGICAL 87 ad COMMUNITY AREAS Sc out Road Tra WILTON CONSERVATION AND WILDLIFE PRESERVE PARK LANDS K Ro ad ing es P in th or n er SIGNIFICANT NATURAL COMMUNITIES (W/ 1/2 MILE BUFFER) ad 9 Old Ro a n i el s o kR Gic 50 ad HEMLOCK-NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST RED MAPLE-BLACKGUM Louden Road SWAMP CALCAREOUS TALUS SLOPE WOODLAND LOUGHBERRY LAKE PITCH PINE-SCRUB OAK BARRENS oad Denton R Bro ok Ro ad venue 29 Lake A 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e R oa d CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL AREAS 87 MILTON 50 Ba lla rd d nes Road Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road n Ga n DANIELS RD STATE FOREST D Clark Ro BIRD CONSERVATION AREA oa d ove Road Locust Gr ilto oad on R Nor Ro a d Kin g Braim R fi en G Ro ad ve R oa d Middle Gro W Ga i l r R o a d o N Daniels Road ot p d re South R ussell Ro d a ad Wilton Ro a R o ad PALME RTO RANG WN E ck e Ro lm Pa o ad Wilt Bo e ld o Rug gle sR GREENFIELD o ad e ne th B roa d wa y Lo c PALMERTOWN RANGE Brigham Road W ing Road Hy s a Ro og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp r o ve ust G d rth Gre Ro R oa d o ad e ad A ll e Ro Sp LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST 9N sR tn Gr a R ad lR An ge ll d o rs R o oad ad Sta rk sR o oa d ad R ne Gree rn e r 9 il t ad en R ad P or t e r C o MAP HERE e thi Clo ra t R a rF W Sa M C i er o oh le Road Fortsvil d R oa W LAKE BONITA PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad on d n No 87 o ad d er R o a d M in fiel en ER Roa m Co k Roa st o c yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV ND ls oad 24 ath He el R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO ra Sa N K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 Ro d 87 k Road Dimmic H M Gl e n M alls sF rn Road Washbu An t o ne tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad GROUNDWATER RECHARGE 27 Groundwater recharge is made possible by open soils and is a key component of the hydrologic cycle. This cycle goes through the following steps: 1. Rainwater seeps into the ground. 2. Soil cleans the rainwater and replenishes aquifers. 3. Water is both extracted from the ground for use by man through public and private wells and slowly flows into lakes, streams, and wetlands providing clean water to aquatic habitats. When open soils with high groundwater recharge are paved over, none of these essential services can be provided to people or to waterdependent species. In addition, paving increases surface runoff, ultimately polluting surrounding waters and contribute to increased flooding. 16 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS Because of its importance to human and native species, the ability of lands to recharge groundwater is vital to the health of the Southern Palmertown region. Recommendations, particularly recommendations that involve paving over natural lands, need to consider the effects of diminished groundwater recharge areas on the health of the natural landscape. “A GIS-based soil-water balance model developed by USGS, was used to generate a map of mean annual Groundwater Recharge rates for Saratoga County. This methodology accounts for soils, direction of flow, climate information (10 years of daily climate data), and land cover. Expected recharge averages would be in the 6 -12 inches/year range, therefore areas of “high recharge” were mapped as those greater than 12 inches/year.” The Average Recharge Per Year Map shows the average groundwater recharge for the Southern Palmertown study area. ADIRONDACK PARK oad tn R QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t HU l Wilt ge d d WILTON a Ba lla rd v d nes Road Ro a Tra er Ro Ri d 87 Kin g ad Ro ick G 50 Old 9 i el s R d oa 0-2 2-4 4-6 LOUGHBERRY LAKE Bro ok Ro ad venue 29 Lake A 29 29 R oa d 12 - 14 Louden Road 14 - 16 16 - 18 6-8 18 - 20 8 - 10 > 20 10 - 12 oad Denton R Street ngton Washi WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE AVGERAGE RECHARGE PER YEAR (INCHES) 87 MILTON Ro ad Sc out Road Ro ad n er DANIELS RD STATE FOREST D an 50 es th or SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e Clark Ro ad Old s n Ga n Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road oa d ove Road Locust Gr ilto oa rt R er oad on R Nor Ro a d Braim R fi en G Ro ad ve R oa d Middle Gro W oo ev Ga i l r R o a d o N Daniels Road ot Kin g d re South R ussell Ro d a ad p lm Pa P in ck e Ro Wilton Ro a R o ad PALME RTO RANG WN E Bo e ld o o ad GREENFIELD o ad e ne th B roa d wa y Lo c PALMERTOWN RANGE Brigham Road W ing Road Hy s a Ro og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp r o ve ust G d rth Gre Ro R oa d o ad e ad A ll e Ro Sp LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST 9N sR tn Gr a R ad lR An ge ll d o rs R o oad Ro Sta rk sR o oa d ad R ne Gree rn e r 9 il t ad en R ad P or t e r C o MAP HERE e thi Clo ra t R a rF W Sa M C i er o oh le Road Fortsvil d R oa W LAKE BONITA PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad on d n No 87 o ad d er R o a d M in fiel en ER Roa m Co k Roa st o c yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV ND ls oad 24 ath He el R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO ra Sa N K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 Rug gle sR d 87 k Road Dimmic H M Gl e n M alls sF rn Road Washbu An t o ne tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad TERRESTRIAL RESILIENCE 28 Terrestrial resilience concerns the ability of a living system to: • Adjust to climate change. • Moderate potential damages from disturbances (fire, flood, high winds). • Take advantage of opportunities. • Cope with consequences. In summary, the terrestrial resilience of Southern Palmertown refers to the landscape’s ability to adapt to change. Saratoga PLAN used a resilience analysis developed by the Nature Conservancy to create a map showing the terrestrial resilience of Saratoga County. The Estimated Resilience Scores Map shows the shows the estimated terrestrial resilience scores for the lands within Southern Palmertown. The scores range from Far Below Average (a low ability to adapt to changes) to Far Above Average (a high ability to adapt to changes). METHODOLOGY “The Nature Conservancy’s resilience analysis develops an approach to conserve biological diversity while allowing species and communities to rearrange in response to a continually changing climate and environmental factors. The most resilient examples of key geophysical settings were identified, to provide managers and scientists with a nuanced picture of the places where conservation is most likely to succeed over centuries. The Nature Conservancy’s resilience analysis had four parts. The project: 1. Mapped geophysical settings across the entire area, 2. Within each geophysical setting, located areas that have complex topography and are highly connected by natural cover, 3. Compared the identified sites with The Nature Conservancy’s portfolio of important biodiversity sites, 4. Identified key linkages between sites. 5. The final products identify sites with high or low estimated resilience to climatic changes or other environmental disturbances relative to their setting.” -Saratoga PLAN: Understanding the Landscape 18 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS ADIRONDACK PARK oad tn R QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t HU l Old ge s n Ga n Ro a d WILTON v Tra er Ro Ri d d a Ba lla rd d nes Road Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road 87 Kin g Ro ad th or ad Ro ick G 50 Old R th B roa d wa y i el s D an d oa FAR ABOVE AVERAGE (>1.5 STD) Louden Road ABOVE AVERAGE (0.5 - 1.5 STD) AVERAGE (-0.5 - 0.5 STD) LOUGHBERRY LAKE BELOW AVERAGE (-1.5 - -0.5 STD) FAR BELOW AVERAGE (<-1.5 STD) oad Denton R Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok Bro 29 R oa d ESTIMATED RESILIENCE SCORES DANIELS RD STATE FOREST 29 WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE n er 9 Street ngton Washi Ro ad Sc out Road 87 MILTON 50 es oa d ove Road Locust Gr ilto oa rt R er oad on R Nor Ro a d Kin g Braim R fi en G Ro ad ve R oa d Middle Gro W oo ev Ga i l r R o a d o N Daniels Road ot p d re South R ussell Ro d a ad Wilton Ro a R o ad PALME RTO RANG WN E ck e Ro lm Pa o ad Wilt Bo e ld o Rug gle sR GREENFIELD o ad e ne Clark Ro P in Lo c PALMERTOWN RANGE Brigham Road W ing Road Hy s a Ro og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp r o ve ust G d rth Gre Ro R oa d o ad e ad A ll e Ro Sp LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST 9N sR tn Gr a R ad lR An ge ll d o rs R o SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e oad ad Sta rk sR o oa d ad R ne Gree rn e r 9 il t ad en R ad P or t e r C o MAP HERE e thi Clo ra t R a rF W Sa M C i er o oh le Road Fortsvil d R oa W LAKE BONITA PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad on d n No 87 o ad d er R o a d M in fiel en ER Roa m Co k Roa st o c yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV ND ls oad 24 ath He el R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO ra Sa N K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 Ro d 87 k Road Dimmic H M Gl e n M alls sF rn Road Washbu An t o ne tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad AGRICULTURAL LANDS AND POTENTIAL WORKING FORESTS 29 Agricultural lands and potential working forests were combined to depict lands that are valuable for both their contribution to the natural open space landscape and their ability to contribute to the economic health of the area. Saratoga PLAN ranked existing agricultural lands based on two criteria: 1. Prime or statewide significant farmland soil (amount and percent). 2. High groundwater recharge (amount and percent). Horse farm in Greenfield 20 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS Saratoga PLAN also created a GIS dataset of potential working forests within Southern Palmertown. These working forests, depending on land ownership preferences and forest characteristics, could be used for forest-based economic activities in the future. ADIRONDACK PARK oad tn R QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t HU l Old d a Ba lla rd v d nes Road Ro a er Ro Ri d d WILTON Tra Ro ad es n er Ro 87 Kin g o ad RANKED AGRICULTURAL LANDS ad Ro ick G 50 Old Louden Road HIGH MEDIUM-HIGH LOUGHBERRY LAKE MEDIUM LOW Bro ok Ro ad venue 29 Lake A 29 29 WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE POTENTIAL WORKING FORESTS oad Denton R Street ngton Washi Ro ad R oa d POTENTIAL WORKING FORESTS AND AGRICULTURE 87 MILTON 50 Sc out Road ad th B roa d wa y i el s D an SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e Clark Ro ge s n Ga n Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road th or 9 Nor Ro a d Kin g oa d ove Road Locust Gr Ro ad ve R oa d Middle Gro ilto oa rt R er oad on R DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road W oo ev Ga i l r R o a d o N Braim R fi en G South R ussell Ro d a ad d re ot R o ad PALME RTO RANG WN E ck e p lm Pa Rug gle sR Wilt Bo Ro Wilton Ro a ad e ne GREENFIELD o e ld o P in Lo c PALMERTOWN RANGE Brigham Road W ing Road Hy s a Ro og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp r o ve ust G d rth Gre Ro R oa d o ad e ad A ll e Ro Sp LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST 9N sR tn Gr a R ad lR An ge ll d o rs R o oad ad Sta rk sR o oa d ad R ne Gree rn e r 9 il t ad en R ad P or t e r C o MAP HERE e thi Clo ra t R a rF W Sa M C i er o oh le Road Fortsvil d R oa W LAKE BONITA PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad on d n No 87 o ad d er R o a d M in fiel en ER Roa m Co k Roa st o c yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV ND ls oad 24 ath He el R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO ra Sa N K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 Ro d 87 k Road Dimmic H M Gl e n M alls sF rn Road Washbu An t o ne tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad RECREATIONAL RESOURCES REGIONAL RECREATION There are many recreational resources both within the Southern Palmertown study area and the surrounding region. There are existing trails for hiking, biking, cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, equestrian use, and snowmobiles throughout the region. In addition to these existing trails, there are plans to complete additional trails throughout the area, including the Palmertown Ridge Trail, the Saratoga Greenbelt, and a trail system within the Town of Queensbury. In addition to these planned trails, the future Empire State Trail runs along the Hudson River to the east of Southern Palmertown. This is a 750-mile trail route running north-south from New York City to the Canadian border and east-west from Albany to Buffalo. 22 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS There are numerous campgrounds and campsites north of the study area, especially in the area of Lake George. There are boat launches offering water recreation opportunities located along County Road 24/Spier Falls Road, as well as DEC-maintained boat launches just a short drive from Southern Palmertown at Sacandaga Lake, the Hudson River, and Lake George. Additionally, Prospect Mountain offers hiking trails and an accessible road to an outlook for scenic views of the surrounding landscape. 9 LAKE GEORGE ARK DACK P 87 ADIRON Y COUNT N WARRE TON CO DUNHAM BAY MARSH PROSPECT MOUNTAIN G WASHIN LAKE GEORGE UNTY 149 C OU WARREN 149 9N NTY TY A COUN SARATOG 4 87 9L 9N GLENS FALLS ADIRONDACK PARK 9 CORINTH MAP HERE 4 MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK SACANDAGA LAKE LINCOLN MTN FOREST FORT EDWARD 197 87 50 9 K K AC R PA ND 50 RO I AD 40 4 9N 29 N C OU TY 32 SARATOGA SPA STATE PARK RECREATIONAL RESOURCES CAMPING 9 40 A SARATOGA LAKE NT Y A COUNTY BOAT LAUNCHES NATURE OBSERVATION EXISTING TRAILS 50 PROPOSED TRAILS 40 SNOWMOBILE TRAILS WASHINGTON COUNTY SA RA TO GA CO UN TY EMPIRE STATE TRAIL ROUTE RENSSELAER COUNTY C H EN EC Miles S TA DY CO UN T Y OUNTY FULTON C 87 COU SARATOG SARATOGA SPRINGS SARAT O G 29 29 WAS HINGT ON 29 87 50 0 1.25 2.5 5 40 STUDY AREA RECREATION Existing trails and trail systems within the study area include: Moreau Lake State Park Trails, Daniels Road State Forest Trails, the North Woods Trails at Skidmore College, and sections of the Saratoga Greenbelt. There are also planned trails within Southern Palmertown. The planned Palmertown Ridge Trail will connect trail users from the Moreau Lake State Park trails to the North Woods trails at Skidmore College. Additionally, there are plans to close gaps within the Saratoga Greenbelt, ultimately creating a connected trail loop within the City of Saratoga Springs. Implementation of these planned trails will help create a cohesive and connected trail network throughout Southern Palmertown, as well as create connections to key destinations within and surrounding the study area. Moreau Lake State Park Trails 24 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS Proposed Spur Trail to Palmertown Ridge from Woodard Road Lake Bonita Trails ad is Ro Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t HU l ad a Ro og Old s d a Ba lla rd v d nes Road Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Ro a d WILTON Tra er Ro 87 Ro ad n er R o kR Gic 50 RECREATION BUSINESSES OR ACTIVITY CENTERS CAMPING Louden Road BOAT LAUNCH EXISTING TRAILS LOUGHBERRY LAKE PROPOSED TRAILS SNOWMOBILE TRAILS oad Denton R Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok Bro 29 R oa d o ad ad d oa th B roa d wa y i el s D an 29 WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE RECREATIONAL RESOURCES Old Street ngton Washi Ro ad Rug gle sR th or 87 MILTON 50 Sc out Road Kin g 9 Nor Ro a d Kin g oa d ove Road Locust Gr Ro ad ve R oa d Middle Gro Bal lard DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road ot p n Ga n Ri d oad on R N Braim R fi en G South R ussell Ro d a ad re W ing Road Hy s d ilto oa rt R er es ck e Ro Wilton Ro a W oo ev Ga i l r R o a d o PALME RTO RANG WN E Bo o e ld lm Pa P in Lo c Wilt R o ad Clark Ro ge oa d l ls R ie Sp r o ve ust G d R ad lR An ge R oa d ad Ro Gre rth GREENFIELD Brigham Road ad e ne e PALMERTOWN RANGE SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e oad ad Sta rk sR o Ro A ll e o ad 9N sR o Gr a tn LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST Sp i er ll d o rs R o ad oa d ad R ne Gree rn e r 9 il t R C en R ad P or t e r C o MAP HERE e thi Clo ra t M a rF W Sa PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa LAKE BONITA o oh le Road Fortsvil d R oa W SPIER FALLS ad on d n No 87 o ad d er R o a d M in fiel en ER Roa m Co k Roa st o c yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV ND ls oad 24 ath He el R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO ra Sa N K MOREAU SHERMAN ISLAND O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 Ro d 87 k Road Dimmic H M tn HADLEY r ar ADIRONDACK PARK rn Road Washbu An t o ne HUDSON RIVER Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad Miles 0 0.5 1 Miles 2 HIKING 0 0.5 1 2 0 0.5 1 2 MOUNTAIN BIKING Miles 0 0.5 1 2 EQUESTRIAN 26 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS Miles CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING/ SNOWSHOEING Within the Southern Palmertown Focal Study Area, there are a total of: • 48.2 Miles of Hiking Trails • 44.1 Miles of Biking Trails • 43.3 Miles of Equestrian Trails • 47.9 Miles of Cross-Country Skiing and Snowshoeing Trails • 10.5 Miles of Snowmobile Trails Table 3 shows a breakdown of the existing trail mileage by trail use type allowed within specific trail systems. Miles 0 0.5 1 2 SNOWMOBILING Table 3: Mileage of Existing Southern Palmertown Trails and Uses TRAIL SYSTEM Daniels Rd State Forest Moreau Lake State Park Orra Phelps Nature Preserve Skidmore Trail Network Other TOTAL HIKING MOUNTAIN EQUESTRIAN BIKING CROSS-COUNTRY SKI/SNOWSHOE SNOWMOBILING 15.6 MI 15.6 MI 15.6 MI 15.6 MI 0.0 MI 28.5 MI 28.5 MI 27.8 MI 28.5 MI 0.0 MI 0.6 MI 0.0 MI 0.0 MI 0.6 MI 0.0 MI 3.5 MI 0.0 MI 0.0 MI 3.5 MI 0.0 MI 0.0 MI 0.0 MI 0.0 MI 0.0 MI 10.5 MI 48.2 MI 44.1 MI 43.4 MI 47.9 MI 10.5 MI SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 27 TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE Major roadways in the region include Interstate 87, also known as the Northway, Route 9, Route 9N, Route 50, and Route 29. It is likely visitors to Southern Palmertown will end up traveling along one of these major roadways if they plan to access the area by vehicle. in the region. These stations are located in Saratoga Springs, Fort Edward, Hadley, and Thurman. Amtrak’s Adirondack route travels from New York City to Montreal, providing passenger service to the Saratoga Springs and Fort Edward stations along the route. There are numerous public transportation option within the region including the Albany International Airport, bus service through the CDTA, and Amtrak train service. There are eight CDTA bus routes within the region (Routes 76, 450, 451, 452, 475, 540, 840, and 875) providing service between Saratoga Springs and Glens Falls. Additionally, CDTA provides service within Saratoga, Albany, Schenectady, and Rensselaer Counties. There are four passenger train stations The Saratoga Springs, Hadley, and Thurman train stations have been serviced by the Saratoga and North Creek Railway. This railway has provided specialty tours to North Creek in the Adirondacks Thursday through Sunday during the spring, summer and fall seasons30 and a holiday-themed excursion during the month of December.31 Service on this line has been recently reduced, and there have been concerns raised about the future of this corridor. Saratoga Springs Train Station CDTA Bus Shelter - Broadway, Saratoga Springs 28 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS 9 LAKE GEORGE ARK DACK P 87 ADIRON Y COUNT N WARRE TON CO DUNHAM BAY MARSH PROSPECT MOUNTAIN G WASHIN LAKE GEORGE THURMAN UNTY 149 C OU WARREN 149 9N NTY TY A COUN SARATOG 4 87 9L 9N GLENS FALLS ADIRONDACK PARK HADLEY FORT EDWARD 9 CORINTH MAP HERE 4 MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK SACANDAGA LAKE LINCOLN MTN FOREST FORT EDWARD 197 87 50 9 K K AC R PA ND RO I AD 9N 40 4 50 SARATOGA SPRINGS 29 N C OU TY 29 SARAT O G 87 40 A 32 TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE COU SARATOGA SPA STATE PARK NT Y A COUNTY TRAIN STATIONS 9 SARATOGA LAKE CDTA BUS ROUTES ON-ROAD BIKE ROUTES RAILROAD 50 PRIMARY ROADS40 SECONDARY ROADS WASHINGTON COUNTY SA RA TO GA CO UN TY LOCAL ROADS RENSSELAER COUNTY C H EN EC Miles S TA DY CO UN T Y OUNTY FULTON C SARATOG SARATOGA SPRINGS 29 WAS HINGT ON 29 87 50 0 1.25 2.5 5 40 CONSERVATION LAND OWNERSHIP Conserved areas in Southern Palmertown include lands owned by the State of New York, Saratoga County, local cities, towns, and villages, nonprofit groups (e.g., Saratoga PLAN, Open Space Institute, the Nature Conservancy), and private landowners and companies. There are just over 7,900 acres of conservation land within the study area. The map and supplemental table shows the ownership distribution of conservation land in the study area. The current land uses of these conservation properties include: parks and open space, forests, vacant land, previous correctional facilities, cemetery, and water-related uses. All recommendations within the study area will be sensitive to the unique characteristics of each conservation area. Lincoln Mountain State Forest 30 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS Table 4: Conservation Land Ownership OWNERSHIP ACRES New York State - OPRHP New York State - Other Saratoga County Cities, Towns or Villages Non-Profits Private Landowners/Companies TOTAL 2,954 2,567 452 89 621 1,221 7,904 Lake Bonita ADIRONDACK PARK oad tn R QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t HU l Old ge s n Ga n Ro a d WILTON v Tra er Ro Ri d d a Ba lla rd d nes Road Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road 87 Kin g Ro ad th or ad Ro ick G 50 Old Ro ad th B roa d wa y i el s D an NEW YORK STATE SARATOGA d Louden RoaCOUNTY CITIES, TOWNS, OR VILLAGES NON-PROFITS LOUGHBERRY LAKE PRIVATE LANDOWNERS AND PRIVATE COMPANIES oad Denton R Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok Bro 29 R oa d CONSERVATION LAND OWNERSHIP DANIELS RD STATE FOREST 29 WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE n er 9 Street ngton Washi Ro ad Sc out Road 87 MILTON 50 es oa d ove Road Locust Gr ilto oa rt R er oad on R Nor Ro a d Kin g Braim R fi en G Ro ad ve R oa d Middle Gro W oo ev Ga i l r R o a d o N Daniels Road ot p d re South R ussell Ro d a ad Wilton Ro a R o ad PALME RTO RANG WN E ck e Ro lm Pa o ad Wilt Bo e ld o Rug gle sR GREENFIELD o ad e ne Clark Ro P in Lo c PALMERTOWN RANGE Brigham Road W ing Road Hy s a Ro og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp r o ve ust G d rth Gre Ro R oa d o ad e ad A ll e Ro Sp LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST 9N sR tn Gr a R ad lR An ge ll d o rs R o SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e oad ad Sta rk sR o oa d ad R ne Gree rn e r 9 il t ad en R ad P or t e r C o MAP HERE e thi Clo ra t R a rF W Sa M C i er o oh le Road Fortsvil d R oa W LAKE BONITA PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad on d n No 87 o ad d er R o a d M in fiel en ER Roa m Co k Roa st o c yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV ND ls oad 24 ath He el R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO ra Sa N K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 Ro d 87 k Road Dimmic H M Gl e n M alls sF rn Road Washbu An t o ne tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad HISTORICAL/CULTURAL RESOURCES The historical and cultural resources within the study area include State Heritage Areas and a State Historic Site. These areas are designated as part of the Heritage Area System, a partnership between the state and local municipalities, which was created to preserve and develop, where appropriate, areas that are of special significance to the State of New York’s history and future.32 The two State Heritage Areas within Southern Palmertown are the Mohawk Valley Heritage Area and the Saratoga Springs Urban Heritage Area. mid-1880s, where President and General Ulysses S. Grant spent his final days.34 Today, visitors can tour the cottage, preserved as it was during Grant’s stay, and take advantage of scenic views of the Hudson Valley, Adirondacks, Catskills, and Green Mountains.35 Additionally, there are a number of significant Native American sites within the study area, an important item to consider when making conservation, recreation, and economic recommendations. Grant Cottage is a New York State Historic Site located within the Southern Palmertown study area. Grant Cottage was established as a State Historic Site in 1957 and is owned by the State of New York and operated by The Friends of the Ulysses S. Grant Cottage.33 It was here, in the Grant Cottage Historic Site 32 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS Downtown Saratoga Springs ADIRONDACK PARK oad tn R QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t HU l Old ge d WILTON a Ba lla rd v d nes Road d Tra er Ro 87 Ro ad Kin g ad Ro ok WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE R oa d o ad Rug gle sR ad Ro ick G 50 Old HISTORICAL/CULTURAL Louden Road RESOURCES NYS HISTORIC SITES LOUGHBERRY LAKE URBAN HERITAGE AREAS HERITAGE AREAS oad Denton R 29 Ro ad es i el s R th B roa d wa y D an 50 Sc out Road DANIELS RD STATE FOREST SARATOGA URBAN HERITAGE AREA Bro Ro a oa rt R n er d oa 87 venue 29 Lake A SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e Clark Ro Ri d P in th or 9 Street ngton Washi n Ga n s ilto Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road PALME RTO RANG WN E oa d Braim R ove Road Locust Gr W oo ev er oad on R Nor Ro a d ve R oa d Middle Gro 29 lm Pa Ga i l r R o a d o N Daniels Road MILTON a Ro og ad oa d l ls R Sp ie R ad lR An ge R oa d r o ve ust G d fi en G South R ussell Ro d a Ro ad Kin g d re ot p R o ad oad ad Sta rk sR o i er Sp ad Ro Gre rth Lo c Wilt ad Hy s e ck e Wilton Ro a W ing Road e ne GREENFIELD Bo Ro GRANT tn o COTTAGE Gr PALMERTOWN RANGE o ad le Road Fortsvil d R oa W Ro A ll e o ad Brigham Road e ld o LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST 9N sR r 9 il t ad oa d MOHAWK VALLEY HERITAGE AREA a MAP HERE e thi Clo ra t R en R ad d o rs R a rF W Sa M C oh R ne Gree rn e o ll ad P or t e r C o LAKE BONITA PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad on d n No 87 o ad d er R o a d M in fiel en ER Roa m Co k Roa st o c yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV ND ls oad 24 ath He el R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO ra Sa N K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 Ro d 87 k Road Dimmic H M Gl e n M alls sF rn Road Washbu An t o ne tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad KEY DESTINATIONS There are many key destinations within and surrounding Southern Palmertown. These destinations include recreational opportunities for all four seasons of the year, vacation and tourist destinations, historic sites, and educational facilities. The vast resources and destinations in this area can help draw visitors to the region to enjoy all that Southern Palmertown has to offer. Key destinations in the study area and surrounding region include recreational destinations, educational facilities, historic sites, downtowns, and businesses. Alpine Sport Shop Saratoga Farmstead Bed & Breakfast Skidmore College 34 \ CHAPTER 1 \ EXISTING CONDITIONS ADIRONDACK PARK QUEENSBURY Boat Launch a ph Ro ad 9N West Mountain RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY LAKE LUZERNE oad Butler R Call Street t ri n HU Corinth Central Ro ad W ing Road Ro a d ve R oa d Middle Gro Ro ok 29 29 Street ngton Washi Saratoga Springs High School Old le Road Fortsvil ge k Road Dimmic s nes Road WILTON v Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Tra er Ro a Ba lla rd 87 Kin g ad Ro ick G 50 Old 9 Ro ad R oa d n er Wilton Town Gavin Park i el s D an WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE o ad th or Ro ad Sc out Road Ro ad N 50 es Nove KEY DESTINATIONS Louden Road RECREATION Maple Avenue Middle School EDUCATION LOUGHBERRY LAKE COMMERCIAL SITES Skidmore College 87 venue 29 Lake A Bro MILTON d Rug gle sR oa d oad Denton R ad Kin g p Ro a d The Wishing Well DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road State Forest SMBA Mountain Bike Trails Bal lard Ri d Wilton Wildlife Preserve Old Graphite Mine Saratoga Daniels Road Alpine Farmstead Sport Shop B&B ot Hy s d n Ga n oad on R th B roa d wa y ove Road Locust Gr G re Devil's Den ilto oa rt R Ga i l r R o a d o Nor fi Ro Music Wilton Ro a Studio en e ld ad South R ussell Ro d a ad Greenfield's Forever Farm Braim R ck e o W oo ev er P in Lodges & RV Resort SARATOGA Downtown SPRINGS Unio Saratoga Springs nA venu e Clark Ro ad ad oa d l ls R ie Sp r o ve ust G d Lo c Wilt R o ad PALME RTO RANG WN E ad Ro R oa d Ro A ll e Gre rth e GREENFIELD Bo sR Orra Phelps Nature Preserve e ne PALMERTOWN RANGE Brigham Road Saratoga Escape 9N lm Pa Gr a R ad lR An ge LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST o ad d o rs R o Lincoln Mountain State Forest Tupelo Trees ll R ne Gree rn e tn oad Ro l Sta rk sR o oa d ad Sp i er en R ad P or t e r C o o Lake Bonita ad C oh n No r 9 Grant Cottage State Historic Site MAP HERE e thi Clo ra t PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa a rF il t ad R d W Sa 87 M d er R o a d M in o on Roa m Co k Roa st o c LAKE BONITA yR Hatcher rn Road Washbu d R oa W ADK Lean-To WOODLAND LAKE Alpine Lake RV Resort 9N o ad ls R fiel en Spier Falls Boat Launch 24 ath He el Fo l t s R o ad A MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK Moreau Lake State Park oad R PA RO DI A R ler ga to ad Ro ER d R oa Fu ra Sa Sherman Island Boat Launch RIV K MOREAU O N G a b r i el ND DS 24 CORINTH CK 9 Co VILLAGE OFSchool CORINTH 10 d oa hR a Ro d 10 87 l en Hudson River G d M H oad tn R og An t o ne tn HADLEY r ar M alls sF ad is Ro Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad - r~ 4 I-.. .December 13th, 2017 Public Workshop - Greenfield Community Center To gather input from the public, the project team used a threepronged approach: Host an initial public workshop, presenting information and soliciting feedback Survey workshop participants, as well as supporters of Saratoga PLAN Conduct confidential interviews with land owners and managers, public officials and interest group leaders Key findings from the community engagement efforts are: • Most participants are not very familiar with the name, “Palmertown” • The area is one best suited to conservation and recreation, with unanimous support from interviewees • There is strong support for the creation of a network of connected trails • Participants overwhelmingly favor musclepowered over motor-powered activities, as well as indicate a need to accommodate different types of trail users • These stakeholders are not very keen on hunting or snowmobiling, expressing mixed, and often very strong views on the appropriateness of including those activities • Participants are most interested in enhancing their quality of life • A nonprofit organization or publicprivate partnership is best suited to lead implementation of the plan SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 37 PUBLIC WORKSHOP A public workshop was held at the Town of Greenfield Community Center on the evening of December 13th, 2017. A total of 34 people were in attendance. The public workshop started with a presentation introducing the project and describing the existing conditions throughout the study area. Following the presentation, attendees were invited to stay for an interactive session to share local knowledge of existing resources and identify future opportunities for recreation, conservation, and economic development in the region. The information collected during the public workshop was summarized into the following goals, needs, constraints, and opportunities. GOALS • Conserve habitat because Palmertown is a critical area for wildlife • Preserve open space and small compatible economic uses within the study area • Concentrate intensive commercial/ residential uses outside of the study area and limit sprawl and large developments • Preserve Native American heritage and culture 34 38 PUBLIC WORKSHOP ATTENDEES \ CHAPTER 2 \ PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT NEEDS • Mountain bike trails that serve beginner and intermediate riders (most trails in study area only serve experienced/expert riders) • Camping along Palmertown Range • Additional and improved parking and trailheads; specifically, significant improvements to Daniels Road State Forest entrance • Local waterway protection • Address ATV use and the economic contributions ATV users could bring to the area, if permitted • Connect the snowmobile trail from the Greenfield Town line to Wells Road in Corinth • Loop trails rather than out and back trails CONSTRAINTS • Rail line between Skidmore College and Daniels Road is a barrier to connectivity between the North Woods and Daniels Road trail systems • National Grid power line bisects county lands to the northeast of Moreau Lake State Park, creating fragmented open space and disconnected trails Interactive Sessions Public workshop attendees were invited to participate in an interactive session to share their local knowledge about the region. OPPORTUNITIES • Lincoln Mountain State Forest is a major opportunity for trail development, including loop trails for hikers, equine trails, and mountain bike trails for various skill levels • Logging roads/old abandoned roads provide access to adjacent communities and between open space areas • Rail line between Saratoga and Corinth (and farther north) could be transformed into a rail trail or a rail with trail and serve as a multimodal regional connector • Development of a rail trail that connects the Zim Smith Trail to Wilton and north • Expand conservation lands • Connections to the proposed Big Boom Trail and Lake George • Connections to Hudson Point Trail • Boat launch in the northeast corner of the study area • Conversion of McGregor Correctional Facility to an economic generator • Economic development that focuses on recreation and ecotourism • Shuttle from Corinth to hiking, biking, and tourist destinations • Native American cultural interpretive/ educational center SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 39 SURVEY A survey was created to gather information and insights from the public. Designed to take just 5 minutes on either a computer or mobile device, the survey asked respondents to indicate their current interests and preferences in relation to the study area. The survey also posed questions to gather thoughts on how best to proceed in the future. Alta Planning + Design distributed the survey as part of the workshop, and Saratoga PLAN sent the link to its network of contacts through two email blasts. Additionally, an article about the project with reference to the survey was published in a local newspaper, The Saratogian. In total, there were 175 survey responses, including 27 workshop attendees, 131 from the survey link provided by PLAN and 17 from the article in The Saratogian. In sum, the survey generated a solid, albeit self-selecting, sample of interested individuals, with a very consistent response overall. A more detailed description of all survey questions and responses can be found in the appendix. 175 40 SURVEY RESPONSES \ CHAPTER 2 \ PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT KEY FINDINGS • Survey respondents expressed a strong interest in the future of the area, but do not yet see it as a connected landscape nor using the chosen name, “Palmertown.” • Survey respondents had the highest interest in conservation and recreation, with relatively lower interests in economic development. • Survey respondents had a strong preference for trail-based and musclepowered pursuits over motorized activities, with some suggestion of a selfinterested response for promotion of the same activity. See the “Existing and Future Recreational Activity Preferences” graphic on the adjacent page. • Survey respondents prefer an implementation approach led by a nonprofit organization or a publicprivate partnership. • Survey respondents consider the planning process to be very helpful, if not essential for the area, and approximately half of all survey respondents would like to receive updates regarding the project. Existing and Future Recreational Activity Preferences 76% Hiking/Running 68% 60.6% 58.9% XC Skiing/Snowshoeing 46.3% 48.6% Wildlife Viewing 38.9% 38.9% Mountain Biking Canoeing/Kayaking/Swimming 36% Biking on paved roads or paths 34.9% 34.9% 40.6% 17.1% Overnight Camping 12% 15.4% 15.4% Horseback Riding 14.3% 10.3% Fishing The percent of respondents selecting this activity as one of the "highest interest to you" within this landscape 12% 13.7% Picnicking/Socializing 5.7% 5.1% Hunting Promotional Interest The percent of respondents selecting this activity as one that "our community should actively promote"within this landscape 4.6% 3.4% Snowmobiling Off-road riding on motorcycle/ATV Personal Interest Number of Respondents: 175 1.7% 1.1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% “...KEEP AS MUCH AS YOU CAN NATURAL AND PROTECT ALL NATURAL RESOURCES...” “...THE TOWN HAS BEEN CHANGED SO MUCH BY DEVELOPMENT...PLEASE PROTECT OPEN SPACE SO PEOPLE HAVE A PLACE TO ENJOY NATURE IN ITS NATURAL STATE...” “...THIS AREA IS SO IMPORTANT AND KNOWING THERE IS EFFORT TO CONSERVE IT WITH FORETHOUGHT IS WONDERFUL...” “... ALLOW FOR CONSERVATION AND RECREATIONAL BENEFIT WHICH WILL IN TURN ATTRACT MORE TOURISM AND ECONOMIC GROWTH...” Quotes from Survey Respondents SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 41 STAKEHOLDER INTERVIEWS Twelve key stakeholders were identified by Saratoga PLAN and OSI and were invited to do an in-depth interview to more fully share their local knowledge about the study area and further illuminate the priorities and needs of stakeholders in the region. To encourage candor, Alta Planning + Design conducted these 15-30 minute conversations in confidence. More information about the interviews, including an extensive set of quotes, can be found in the appendix. Interviews (N=12) Those interviewed included interested group leaders, land owners and managers, and public officials from the following organizations: • Town of Greenfield • Town of Moreau • Town of Wilton • Moreau Lake State Park • New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) • Private Landowners (2)  • Saratoga Back Country Horsemen Of New York Interest group leader • Saratoga Mountain Bike Association 3 4 Public Officials Group Leaders • Skidmore College • Snook Kill Hunt Club Land owner or manager 5 Land Owners and Managers 12 42 • Southern Adirondack Chapter of the Audubon Society Public official STAKEHOLDER INTERVIEWS \ CHAPTER 2 \ PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT KEY FINDINGS • Interviewees were more familiar with the concept of a connected landscape and the chosen name (Palmertown) than survey respondents. They often associated the connected landscape with a ridgeline trail and traced the “Palmertown” name back to Saratoga PLAN. • Interviewees were united in their emphasis on conservation and recreation, but rarely connected those concepts with economic opportunity. • Interviewees were eco-oriented when asked about activities other than parks and trails, with a few adding that land owners may still want to keep their options open to other development or sale opportunities. • Interviewees also emphasized trail-based and muscle-powered pursuits, with most speaking in terms of multi-use trails and community interests. Some expressed mixed views on hunting, guns, and snowmobiles. Some also flagged a need for better access points to recreation opportunities throughout the study area. • Interviewees were more likely than survey respondents to stress an implementation approach led by a nonprofit organization. Some questioned the public sector’s willingness or ability to engage in implementation of the Plan recommendations. • Interviewees also see the need for, and value in, a planning process and would like the planning team to share information or engage interviewees as advisors. “…RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF ANY KIND WOULD BE BENEFICIAL (WITH) CONTINUED PROTECTION SO PEOPLE CAN CONTINUE TO ENJOY AND GAIN KNOWLEDGE…” “...MULTI-USE TRAILS ALLOWING FOR HIKERS, BIKERS, EQUESTRIANS, CROSS COUNTRY SKIING, JOGGING, RIVER ACCESS...” “...ON THE WHOLE I’D LIKE THERE TO BE LESS DEVELOPMENT... AVOID SUBURBAN, RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT...” “...AN INTER-MUNICIPAL AGREEMENT WOULD BE VERY HELPFUL...” Quotes from Stakeholder Interviews SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 43 SUMMARY An analysis of the responses, questions, and comments submitted during the three public engagement strategies resulted in the following key findings and recommendations. KEY FINDINGS • These stakeholders are not very familiar with the name, “Palmertown,” even with the provided prompts, with some interviewees adding that it does not resonate with them, or raises more questions than answers. • These stakeholders agree that the area is one best suited to conservation and recreation, with unanimous support from interviewees, many adding that they previously had heard of linking the lands with a ridgeline trail. • These stakeholders strongly support the creation of a network of connected trails, but some interviewees expressed confusion or concern about a more comprehensive plan for a connected landscape. 44 December 13th, 2017 Public Workshop • These stakeholders overwhelmingly favor muscle-powered over motor-powered activities, with interviewees also seeing a need to accommodate different types of trail users and provide better access points. • These stakeholders are most interested in enhancing their quality of life, with interviewees indicating that they are more interested, but often unconvinced, about the potential for economic impact. • These stakeholders are not very keen on hunting or snowmobiling, while interviewees nonetheless expressed mixed, and often very strong views on the appropriateness of including those activities. • These stakeholders want a nonprofit organization or public-private partnership to lead implementation of the plan, while some interviewees caution that the public role should be, or is likely to be, limited. \ CHAPTER 2 \ PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT PUBLING ENGAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS • Consider altering or augmenting the name to better resonate with local residents, noting nonetheless the future need for marketing. • Emphasize the creation of a network of connected trails, as that is likely to be more easily understood and more widely supported than the concept of a comprehensive plan for a connected landscape. • Recognize the existing support for conservation and recreation, and tout the accepted benefits to local quality of life, while making the case for the impact on the local economy. • Ensure that vocal interests are not overrepresented, nor quiet interests underrepresented, by consulting demographic data and reaching out to others with an interest in the outdoors but no direct connection to PLAN. • Continue to engage stakeholder groups, as well as local landowners, with a focus on going to them, rather than expecting them to come to you. • Be prepared to lead not only the development but the implementation of the plan. • Prioritize muscle-powered pursuits, and consider ways to accommodate different user groups, as well as different abilities, while improving access points throughout the study area. NEXT STEPS Moving forward, this document and future planning efforts will work to incorporate the key findings and recommendations resulting from the public engagement strategies. Ongoing community engagement strategies should be a high priority to ensure the outcomes and implementation of this Plan align with community needs and desires. Additionally, this effort could benefit from an advisory committee to ensure the planning process is well integrated with other related efforts and to guide the implementation of the plan. The committee should be composed of stakeholders representing land owners/ managers, special interest groups, and political leaders. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 45 (1) Moreau Lake State Park, (2) Mohonk Preserve, (3) Lichens at Lake Bonita CHAPTER 3 OPPORTUNITIES The purpose of the Opportunities Chapter is to identify opportunities for enhancing existing conservation and recreation assets and for supporting sustainable economic development. This was accomplished using three analyses: • Conservation Priority Analysis • Recreation Demand Analysis • Case Studies Analysis • Forest-Based Economic Activities A Conservation Priority Analysis was conducted to determine priorities for land conservation in and adjacent to the focal study area based on the location of existing ecologically significant resources and strong, functioning ecological services in the area. The results from this analysis will be used to make conservation recommendations within Southern Palmertown. A Recreation Demand Analysis was conducted for the Southern Palmertown focal study area and adjacent land. This analysis examined the existing concentration of and demand for recreational resources in and adjacent to the focal study area. The results from this analysis will be used to make recreational recommendations within Southern Palmertown. An analysis of case studies will help inform recommendations for sustainable economic development and market opportunities for recreation, ecotourism, and natural resourcebased industries in Southern Palmertown. The case studies include: • Mohonk Preserve (NY) • Kingdom Trails (VT) • Champlain Area Trails (NY) • Taconic Crest Trail (MA/NY/VT) • North Carolina Museum of Art (NC) • McMenamins Edgefield (OR) • 13 Mile Woods Community Forest (NH) A summary of Forest-Based Economic Activities gives examples of potential activities that could take place in the forests within Southern Palmertown. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 47 CONSERVATION PRIORITY ANALYSIS DESCRIPTION METHODOLOGY To quantify and visualize the need for conservation land within the study area, the planning team employed a Conservation Priority Analysis. This section summarizes the methods and findings of the analysis for Southern Palmertown. The Conservation Priority Analysis model provides a general estimation of conservation priorities by analyzing spatial data representative of ecologically sensitive natural features and the spatial distribution of ecological services in the study area. In the model, the need for conservation is influenced by water and wetlands, working landscapes, significant natural communities, the capacity for groundwater recharge, and terrestrial resilience. The resulting analyses highlights ecologically sensitive areas which may benefit from conservation based upon the model inputs. This analysis is an objective, data-driven process that estimates the cumulative need representative of ecological features warranting the need for land conservation. These features include water and wetlands, working landscapes, significant natural communities, the capacity for groundwater recharge, and terrestrial resilience. The resulting Composite Prioritization for Conservation Map summarizes the geographic distribution of the need for conservation throughout the Southern Palmertown study area. The results of the analysis will be used to help inform and prioritize conservation recommendations. Lichens at Lake Bonita 48 \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES PURPOSE Identify priority lands for conservation, ultimately improving the quality of life for Southern Palmertown residents MODEL INPUTS WATER & WETLANDS GROUNDWATER RECHARGE This represents all water bodies and wetlands in the region along with 100-foot buffers around each feature. Conserving wetlands is important due to their many benefits including: improvements to water quality as well as flood and erosion control. Buffers are included since the DEC regulates land within 100 feet of designated water and wetland features. Groundwater Recharge values are included in the Conservation Priority Analysis. This is an important factor to include in this analysis as it directly relates to both the soil and water quality in Southern Palmertown. The number of inches was used to prioritize the capacity for Groundwater Recharge in the region. Therefore, land with a higher average number of inches will be a higher conservation priority than land with lower levels of Groundwater Recharge. WORKING LANDSCAPE This category represents working landscapes, defined by agricultural lands and potential working forests, in the focal study area and the surrounding region provided by Saratoga PLAN. SIGNIFICANT NATURAL COMMUNITIES In addition to all significant natural communities (as designated by the DEC), this category includes a half-mile buffer around each significant natural communities feature. The two main categories of significant natural communities within the study area are: Hemlock-Northern Hardwood Forest and Red-Maple Blackgum Swamp. TERRESTRIAL RESILIENCE This dataset highlights sensitive ecological features, including the ability of the landscape to adjust to climate change or other environmental factors. The Terrestrial Resilience score was used to prioritize conservation in the region. Therefore, land with higher Terrestrial Resilience scores are higher conservation priorities than land with lower scores. This portion of the analysis shows the importance of the Palmertown Area as a linkage between the Green Mountains in Vermont and the Adirondack Mountains in New York. Table 4: Source of Conservation Priority Analysis Inputs DATA INPUT Water & Wetlands Working Landscape Significant Natural Communities Groundwater Recharge Terrestrial Resilience SOURCE NYS DEC, NYS GIS Clearinghouse Saratoga PLAN, OSI NYS DEC, NYS GIS Clearinghouse Saratoga PLAN, OSI Saratoga PLAN, OSI SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 49 Conserved Land on Greene Rd in Greenfield MODEL INPUTS The following maps display the concentration of the individual inputs used to develop the Composite Prioritization for Conservation Map. These maps illustrate how the model supports a holistic profile of factors to identify high-need conservation areas in Southern Palmertown. An t o ne H M tn ar oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY a d Ra l ph Ro ad 9N TY Co r in SARATOGA COUN oad Butler R Call Street d oa hR ri n t 9 Co MOREAU VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 ra Sa d R oa yR Hatcher Ro ad o ad a Ro o W Lo c GREENFIELD Wilt Brigham Road Road er nes Road Tra R o ad Ro a ort a Ro d Ro lm er Ri d d WILTON v R oa d e ne r o ve ust G d Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Sp Ro A ll e Gre Ro ad o ad ilt Bal lard o ev k Road Dimmic s W oa d e a an on G a Ba lla rd d en R Gr R ne Gree fiel d rth Pa ad ad o rs R o ll Fa n rn e 9 il t tn 87 Ga i l r R o a d o 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R 9N P in d oa kR Gic 50 en Road LoudWETLANDS WATER & HIGHER DEMAND Nor ve R oa o ad Old ad th B roa d wa y Ro ad 9 o i el s R D an Daniels Road Middle Gro n er d Rug gle sR oa d ove Road Locust Gr G re ot Ro a d Kin g N th or Braim R fi d en e a ld R o d Wilton Ro a South R ussell Ro d a ad H LOWER DEMAND oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok Bro MILTON 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu Miles 0 0.5 e WATER & WETLANDS 50 R oa d es ck e o W ing Road ys p Kin g Ro ad Bo sR Clark Ro ge R r Sp ie e thi Clo a rn Washbu ad oa d l ls R lR An ge oh C sR o rF ad ad Ro we Ho i er o R Road M d tock ra t on Roa er R o a d P or t e r C o ad og Old ad W ath He ms Co Sa oad ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R 24 o ad ls R le Road Fortsvil ler l Fu 9N No ad Ro Ro R oa d G a b r i el en ga to 24 CORINTH M in ad Ro th LAKE LUZERNE WA RREN COUNTY 10 el WATER & WETLANDS 87 Ro HADLEY \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES 1 2 ad This portion of the analysis creates a heat map depicting where water and wetland features are located within the study area and surrounding region. The accompanying map shows that water and wetland features, along with their 100-foot buffers, cover a large majority of the Southern Palmertown. High density areas can be found throughout the study area. The final Composite Prioritization for Conservation Map will consider these densities when determining the final high-priority conservation areas. An t o ne ar H M tn oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY a d Ra l ph Ro ad 9N TY Co rin SARATOGA COUN oad Butler R Call Street d oa hR ri n t 9 Co MOREAU VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 ra Sa d R oa ad o ad a Ro R r tn ust G d Lo c GREENFIELD Wilt Brigham Road ad Road Clark Ro ge a Ro lm er Ro Ri d er d d a Ga i l r R o a d o This analysis results in a heat map showing conservation priority locations for Working Landscapes within Southern Palmertown and the surrounding region. The highestpriority Working Landscapes in the study area can be found along Locust Grove Road, Wilton Road, and Howe Road in the Town of Greenfield, on Old Saratoga Road in the Town of Wilton, and Gabriel Road and County Route 24 in the Town of Corinth. 50 Ba lla rd 87 Tra R o ad ort k Road Dimmic nes Road Ro a o ev WILTON v R oa d e ne r o ve Ro a ilto Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Sp Ro A ll e o ad e R ne Gree ad n Ga n s W oa d Gr Gre Pa ll fiel d rth o ad ad o rs R 9 il t d sR o en R rn Washbu o Sp ie W ad oa d l ls R lR An ge e thi Clo a ad oh C i er rF R ad Ro we Ho Fa o M d Road ra t on Roa tock n rn e ad og Old ad W ath He ms Co Sa oad ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R 24 er R o a d M in le Road Fortsvil yR Hatcher Ro ler l Fu 9N Ro a d P or t e r C o ad Ro Ro R oa d G a b r i el No ga to 24 CORINTH en ad Ro th LAKE LUZERNE WA RREN COUNTY 10 ls el WORKING LANDSCAPE 87 Ro HADLEY Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R 9N Old D an o i el s R d oa kR Gic 50 n Road LoudeLANDSCAPE WORKING ad HIGHER DEMAND Nor ot Ro a d Kin g ve R oa o ad 9 Daniels Road Middle Gro n er Rug gle sR ove Road Locust Gr South G re Ro ad N th or th B roa d wa y d oa d R oa d Braim R e ld Wilton Ro a en R ussell Ro d a fi P in ad p R oa d es ck e o W ing Road Hy s Kin g Ro ad Bo sR d LOWER DEMAND oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venu Lake A 29 Street ngton Washi 29 Miles 0 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un ok Bro MILTON e i on A venu 0.5 1 2 e WORKING LANDSCAPE An t o ne H M tn ar oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY a d Ra l ph Ro ad 9N TY Co rin SARATOGA COUN oad Butler R Call Street d oa hR ri n t 9 Co MOREAU VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 ra Sa d R oa yR Hatcher Ro ad o ad a Ro o W r o ve ust G d Lo c GREENFIELD Wilt Brigham Road Road er nes Road Tra e ne R o ad Ro a ort a Ro d Ro lm er Ri d d WILTON v R oa d ad Ro Gre Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Sp Ro A ll e o ad ilt Bal lard o ev ad An analysis of current significant natural communities, as designated by the DEC, is included in the Composite Prioritization for Conservation. This analysis reveals a high concentration of significant natural communities in Moreau Lake State Park (Hemlock-Northern Hardwood Forest) and near Lincoln Mountain State Forest (Red Maple-Blackgum Swamp). k Road Dimmic s W oa d e a an on G a Ba lla rd d en R Gr R ne Gree fiel d rth Pa ad ad o rs R o ll Fa n rn e 9 il t tn Clark Ro ge R r Sp ie e thi Clo a rn Washbu ad oa d l ls R lR An ge oh C sR o rF ad ad Ro we Ho i er o R Road M d tock ra t on Roa er R o a d P or t e r C o ad og Old ad W ath He ms Co Sa oad ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R 24 o ad ls R le Road Fortsvil ler l Fu 9N No ad Ro Ro R oa d G a b r i el en ga to 24 CORINTH M in ad Ro th LAKE LUZERNE WA RREN COUNTY 10 el SIGNIFICANT NATURAL COMMUNITIES 87 Ro HADLEY 87 Ga i l r R o a d o 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R 9N P in d oa kR Gic 50 SIGNIFICANT NATURAL Louden Road COMMUNITIES HIGHER DEMAND Nor ve R oa o ad Old ad th B roa d wa y Ro ad 9 o i el s R D an Daniels Road Middle Gro n er d Rug gle sR oa d ove Road Locust Gr G re ot Ro a d Kin g N th or Braim R fi d en e a ld R o d Wilton Ro a South R ussell Ro d a ad H R oa d es ck e o W ing Road ys p Kin g Ro ad Bo sR LOWER DEMAND oad Denton R 87 ad Ro ok Bro MILTON 29 Street ngton Washi Miles venue 29 Lake A 29 0 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu 0.5 1 2 e SIGNIFICANT NATURAL COMMUNITIES SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 51 M An t o ne ar H tn oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY a d Ra l ph Ro ad 9N TY Co r in SARATOGA COUN oad Butler R Call Street d oa hR ri n t 9 Co MOREAU VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 ra Sa d R oa ad l o ad a Ro R tn r o ve ust G d Lo c GREENFIELD Wilt Brigham Road ad Road Clark Ro ge lm er Ro Ri d er d k Road Dimmic nes Road R o ad a Ro d a Ba lla rd 87 Tra e ne Ro a ort WILTON v R oa d Ro Ro a ilto Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Sp o ad e R ne Gree ad A ll e n Ga n s W oa d o ev d sR o en R Gr Gre Pa ll fiel d rth o ad ad o rs R 9 il t Sp ie W o rn Washbu ad oa d l ls R lR An ge r ad oh C i er e thi Clo a rF R ad Ro we Ho Fa o M d Road ra t on Roa tock n rn e ad og Old ad W ath He ms Co Sa oad ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R 24 er R o a d M in le Road Fortsvil yR Hatcher Ro ler Fu 9N Ro a d P or t e r C o ad Ro Ro R oa d G a b r i el No ga to 24 CORINTH en ad Ro th LAKE LUZERNE WA RREN COUNTY 10 ls el GROUNDWATER RECHARGE 87 Ro HADLEY Ga i l r R o a d o 50 Ro ad Sc out Road The heat map to the left shows the need for conservation based on the number of inches of Groundwater Recharge. In this category, the higher the number of average inches of Groundwater Recharge, the higher the need for conservation. According to this analysis, the highest priority locations for Groundwater Recharge tend to overlap with existing open spaces, such as Moreau Lake State Park and Lincoln Mountain State Forest. oad on R 9N Old D an o i el s R d oa kR Gic 50 Louden Road GROUNDWATER RECHARGE ad HIGHER DEMAND Nor ot Ro a d Kin g ve R oa o ad 9 Daniels Road Middle Gro n er Rug gle sR ove Road Locust Gr South G re Ro ad N th or th B roa d wa y d oa d R oa d Braim R e ld Wilton Ro a en R ussell Ro d a fi P in ad p R oa d es ck e o W ing Road Hy s Kin g Ro ad Bo sR d LOWER DEMAND oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venu Lake A 29 Street ngton Washi 29 Miles 0 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un ok Bro MILTON e i on A venu 0.5 1 2 e GROUNDWATER RECHARGE An t o ne H M tn ar oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY a d Ra l ph Ro ad 9N TY Co r in SARATOGA COUN oad Butler R Call Street d oa hR ri n t 9 Co MOREAU VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 ra Sa d R oa yR Hatcher Ro ad o ad a Ro o W Lo c GREENFIELD Wilt Brigham Road Road er nes Road Tra R o ad Ro a ort a Ro d Ro lm er Ri d d WILTON v R oa d e ne r o ve ust G d Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Sp Ro A ll e Gre Ro ad o ad ilt Bal lard o ev k Road Dimmic s W oa d e a an on G a Ba lla rd d en R Gr R ne Gree fiel d rth Pa ad ad o rs R o ll Fa n rn e 9 il t tn 87 Ga i l r R o a d o 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R 9N P in d oa kR Gic 50 d Louden RoaRESILIENCE TERRESTRIAL HIGHER DEMAND Nor ve R oa o ad Old ad th B roa d wa y Ro ad 9 o i el s R D an Daniels Road Middle Gro n er d Rug gle sR oa d ove Road Locust Gr G re ot Ro a d Kin g N th or Braim R fi d en e a ld R o d Wilton Ro a South R ussell Ro d a ad H LOWER DEMAND oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok Bro MILTON 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu Miles 0 0.5 e TERRESTRIAL RESILIENCE 52 R oa d es ck e o W ing Road ys p Kin g Ro ad Bo sR Clark Ro ge R r Sp ie e thi Clo a rn Washbu ad oa d l ls R lR An ge oh C sR o rF ad ad Ro we Ho i er o R Road M d tock ra t on Roa er R o a d P or t e r C o ad og Old ad W ath He ms Co Sa oad ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R 24 o ad ls R le Road Fortsvil ler l Fu 9N No ad Ro Ro R oa d G a b r i el en ga to 24 CORINTH M in ad Ro th LAKE LUZERNE WA RREN COUNTY 10 el TERRESTRIAL RESILIENCE 87 Ro HADLEY \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES 1 2 ad The heat map to the left shows the need for conservation based on the Terrestrial Resilience scores. Terrestrial resilience refers to the study area’s ability to adapt to change. In this category, the higher the Terrestrial Resilience score, the higher the for conservation. This analysis reveals the Palmertown Ridge, connecting Moreau Lake State Park, Lincoln Mountain State Forest, and Daniels Road State Forest, is an area in need of conservation based on Terrestrial Resilience scores. Additional areas of high conservation are along the Hudson River in the Towns of Moreau and Corinth as well as scattered near the border of the Towns of Corinth and Greenfield. This analysis also indicates the area’s importance as a connection between the Green Mountains and the Adirondack Mountains. COMPOSITE PRIORITIZATION FOR CONSERVATION MAP ph o rs R t a Ro Wilt ad ge s an on G ilt nes Road Bal lard er Tra R o ad Ro a o ev ort a Ro d Ro lm er Ri d d WILTON v Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road GREENFIELD Brigham Road Ro ad oa d l ls R ie W e ne ad Road og a le Road Fortsvil l Old Pa oa d r o ve d rn e o Sp en R Clark Ro a Ba lla rd 87 Ga i l r R o a d o 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R o i on A venu d CONSERVATION PRIORITIES Louden Road EXISTING CONSERVATION CONSERVATION LAND 87 venue 29 Lake A ad 2 MILTON e d oa kR Gic 50 ad oad Denton R Ro 1 o ad Old ok 0.5 R oa d P in oa d ove Road Locust Gr 9 o i el s R D an Miles 0 Kin g n er th B roa d wa y fi en ve R oa th or Nor Ro a d Middle Gro Bro ad Ro SARATOGA SPRINGS Un ys p N Daniels Road ot th B roa d wa y H venue 29 Lake A ok Bro re W ing Road 87 29 G n Road HIGHER LoudePRIORITY LOWER PRIORITY oad Denton R Street ngton Washi d Ro ad ad e a ld R o d Wilton Ro a South ad Ro ick 50 Nor d R ussell Ro d a G Old Kin g ove Road Locust Gr CONSERVATION PRIORITIES 9 o i el s R D an Rug gle sR o ad n er Braim R P in oa d N th or Rug gle sR es sR Ro ad R oa d es Ro ad Kin g Braim R fi en G South R ussell Ro d a Ro ad ot Ro a d Kin g ve R oa 29 tn o ad ust G Gre rth P or t e r C o 9 il t ad d Daniels Road MILTON lR R ne Gree fiel d ck e ad d Wilton Ro a re Middle Gro W Bo ck e H o oad 9N W ing Road ys p r ad en ad ra t d sR o i er 50 No Bo e oh n Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R o a ld R o e thi Clo a Sp Ro Ba lla rd 87 A ll e a rF ad ad Ro o ll Fa Ro v Tra er er R o a d 9N sR ri n d R oa Sta rk W k Road Dimmic s nes Road Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road WILTON Ga i l r R o a d o ad Road ge R Sp ie rn Washbu ad oa d l ls R lR An ge R oa d r o ve ust G d Lo c Wilt d d sR o i er Sp Ro A ll e Ro Gre rth GREENFIELD Brigham Road M in Road e a R o ad Ro a lm d tock Gr e ne e ad o ad ilt Bal lard a Ro ms Co Sa ad W oa d Gr R ne Gree el Ri d C C en R ort er ad Ro we Ho ad Ro we Ho oh ad o ev 87 Fo l t s R R ad Pa ll Fa fiel d o rs R o an on G ad M tn ad rn e 9 il t An ge a Ro og Old ad W W ad Ro yR Hatcher Ro on o ler 24 o ad ls R d r ad Roa e thi Clo a R rF Fu ath He o Clark Ro ga to 24 d R oa 9N M d Road n P or t e r C o ad ra t on Roa er R o a d tock Sa MOREAU ra Sa G a b r i el ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R o ad ath He ms Co le Road Fortsvil ad l Ro 9 Co oad Ro d R oa ler d oa hR o ad Fu ad Ro th VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 yR Hatcher 24 No ad Ro r in oad Butler R Call Street CORINTH d R oa 9N en ga to 24 o ad ls R M in Ra l t ri n MOREAU ra Sa G a b r i el Co SARATOGA COUN SARATOGA COUN 9 VILLAGE OF CORINTH 87 LAKE LUZERNE WA RREN COUNTY WA RREN COUNTY d oa hR Co QUEENSBURY 9N 10 oad Butler R CORINTH oad tn R ad Ro th LAKE LUZERNE Call Street M alls sF TY rin Gl e n d Ro ad ph Ra l TY Co oad r is R a a 9N ar Ro Ro d 10 tn HADLEY 10 el 87 rn Washbu QUEENSBURY R oad tn R R oa d M alls sF Lo c Gl e n H H oad r is R M M ar The next spread includes Key Findings and Recommendations as well as a Map showing the Composite Prioritization for Conservation with the Existing Conservation Land Overlay. An t o ne An t o ne tn HADLEY Future conservation efforts should reference this analysis to both determine areas of high interest for conservation as well as areas which would connect existing conservation land within Southern Palmertown. Addressing these conservation needs will ultimately result in an ecologically healthy and connected landscape. k Road Dimmic The analysis reveals high-interest areas for conservation exist throughout the study area, yet some areas reveal a higher need for conservation than others. Areas with higher concentrations are located adjacent to Moreau Lake State Park, Lincoln Mountain State Forest, and the Hudson River. Additionally, there are higher need areas located along the Palmertown Ridge traveling from Moreau Lake State Park to Lincoln Mountain State Forest to Daniels Road State Forest. Ro ad The Conservation Priority Analysis’ scoring method is a function of density and proximity. Areas that have more features, and features that are closer together, have higher scores. Low feature density areas, and areas where features are further apart, receive lower scores. Composite Prioritization is calculated by summing all five categories: Water & Wetlands, Agricultural Land, Significant Natural Communities, Groundwater Recharge, and Terrestrial Resilience. All categories are given the same weight in the Composite Prioritization for Conservation Map. 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu Miles 0 0.5 1 2 e EXISTING CONSERVATION SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 53 KEY FINDINGS Conservation Priorities: • Along the east side of the Palmertown Ridge • Moreau Lake State Park • Lake Bonita • Along Old Saratoga Road • Along the Hudson River • Lincoln Mountain State Forest • Along Locust Grove Road RECOMMENDATIONS Future conservation efforts should focus on all hotspot areas, with an emphasis on high priority areas directly adjacent to existing conservation land, such as: • Land adjacent to Moreau Lake State Park • Land to the west of Lincoln Mountain State Forest • Land along the Hudson River between the Village of Corinth and Moreau Lake State Park • Land adjacent to the Hudson River in the northeast corner of the focal study area This will create a connected conservation network within Southern Palmertown, ultimately improving the quality of life for residents by: • Maintaining the landscape’s ability to adapt to climate change • Preserving open space for compatible recreational opportunities and outdoor education programs • Maintaining water quality and natural habitats *All recreational opportunities should be located away from high priority conservation opportunities unless they are extremely low impact and compatible with protection of the resources. 54 \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES An t o ne H M tn Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY a d Ra l ph Ro ad 9N TY Co r in SARATOGA COUN oad Butler R Call Street d oa hR ri n t 9 Co MOREAU VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 ra Sa d R oa oad o ad a Ro o rs R a Lo c rn e rn Road Washbu Old ust G d P or t e r C o lm Pa Wilt ilto Bal lard Ro a oo ev oa rt R d a Ba lla rd d Tra Ro Ri d d WILTON er er k Road Dimmic n Ga n s W v Parkhu rst Road GREENFIELD Brigham Road R o ad Clark Ro ge o nes Road ie Sp r o ve Ro Gre rth No e ne e d tn Gr ad o ad R oa d Ro A ll e ad R ne Gree ad oa d l ls R lR An ge ll n o Pi Northern sR o oa d ad Sp i er en R r ad C oh MAP HERE e thi Clo 9 il t R ad Ro we Ho Fa a rF ra t M d er R o a d M in d W Sa on Roa m Co k Roa st o c o R ad ath He W og 9N ad 87 Ga i l r R o a d o 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R 9N P in n er ad Ro ick G 50 Old Ro ad ve R oa d Middle Gro EXISTING CONSERVATION LAND n Road HIGHER LoudePRIORITY th B roa d wa y i el s D an Rug gle sR o ad CONSERVATION PRIORITIES & EXISTING CONSERVATION Nor Ro a d th or 9 Daniels Road ot Kin g oa d ove Road Locust Gr G re Ro ad N Braim R fi Ro d en e ld Wilton Ro a ad South R ussell Ro d a ad LOWER PRIORITY oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok MILTON Bro p R oa d es ck e o W ing Road Hy s Kin g Ro ad Bo sR 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e oad ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R 24 Ro a d le Road Fortsvil R ler l Fu yR Hatcher Ro R oa d G a b r i el fiel en ga to ad Ro 24 CORINTH ls ad Ro th LAKE LUZERNE WA RREN COUNTY 10 el 87 Ro HADLEY r ar ad is Ro Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad Trail Maps - Moreau Lake State Park RECREATION DEMAND ANALYSIS DESCRIPTION METHODOLOGY To quantify and visualize demand for recreational activities within the study area, the planning team employed a Recreation Demand Analysis. This section summarizes the methods and findings of the analysis for Southern Palmertown. The Recreation Demand Analysis model provides a general understanding of expected recreational activity by analyzing spatial data representative of origins and destinations in the study area. In the model, recreational demand is influenced by where people live, work, play, shop, learn, and access transit. The resulting analyses shows where people are likely to walk and bike based upon the demand model inputs. The demand analysis is an objective, datadriven process that estimates the cumulative demand for recreation depending on where people live, work, play, shop, learn, and access transit. This is accomplished by quantifying factors that generate bicycle and pedestrian movement. The resulting Composite Demand Map for Recreation summarizes the geographic distribution of recreational demand throughout the Southern Palmertown study area. The results of the analysis will be used to help inform and prioritize recommendations. 56 \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES PURPOSE Identify existing demand for recreation in Southern Palmertown and inform recommendations, ultimately improving the quality of life for residents DATA INPUTS WHERE PEOPLE LIVE WHERE PEOPLE SHOP These locations represent potential trip origin locations. More trips can be made in areas with higher population density if conditions are right. This category represents the location of commercial locations in Southern Palmertown. In addition to being locations of employment, these locations also serve as trip ends for people, regardless of residency. WHERE PEOPLE WORK This category represents trip ends for people working in the Southern Palmertown focal study area, regardless of residency. Depending on the type of job, employment can act as a trip attractor (i.e., retail stores or cafes), trip generator (i.e., office parks and office buildings), or both. WHERE PEOPLE PLAY This category is a combination of recreation land use types and destinations such as parks, trails, and other land open to public recreation. WHERE PEOPLE LEARN This category shows the locations of all educational facilities within the region. Including preschools, elementary, middle, and high schools, and college campuses. WHERE PEOPLE ACCESS TRANSIT This category includes CDTA bus stops as well as train stations within the region. Table 4: Source of Recreation Demand Analysis Inputs DATA INPUT Live - Population Density SOURCE 2010 Census 2010 Longitudinal EmployerHousehold Dynamic (LEHD), Work-Area Characteristics Play - Existing Parks and Saratoga PLAN, OSI, NYS GIS Trails Facilities Clearinghouse 2010 Longitudinal EmployerShop - Commercial Household Dynamic (LEHD), Work-Area Density Characteristics Work - Employment Density Learn - School Locations Saratoga PLAN Move - Transit Stop Locations CDTA, NYS GIS Clearinghouse NOTES Computed at the block level Computed at the block level Existing state, regional, and local parks and trails Computed at the block level Public and private preschools, elementary, middle, and high schools, and colleges Bus stops and train stations SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 57 Housing along Route 9 in Wilton Downtown Saratoga Springs Moreau Lake State Park Example of where people live Example of where people work Example of where people play DEMAND MODEL INPUTS The following maps display the concentration of the individual inputs used to develop the Composite Demand for Recreation Map. These maps illustrate how the demand model supports a holistic profile of factors to identify highdemand areas in Southern Palmertown. An t o ne H M tn ar oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY a d ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t 9 Co HU DS MOREAU ra Sa O N VILLAGE OF CORINTH d R oa MOREAU LAKE Ro ad o ad tn Lo c GREENFIELD Wilt Brigham Road er Old ort a Ro d Ro lm er Ri d d k Road Dimmic nes Road Tra R o ad Ro a o ev WILTON v R oa d e ne r o ve ust G d a ilt Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Sp Ro A ll e ad o ad Ro Gre rth o rs R an on G s W oa d e R ne Gree fiel d rn e Pa ad ad P or t e r C o o Gr No 9 il t a Ba lla rd d en R rn Washbu W ge R o Sp ie r 87 Ga i l r R o a d o 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R 9N P in Nor ve R oa d o ad Old ad th B roa d wa y Ro ad 9 o i el s R D an Daniels Road Middle Gro n er Rug gle sR oa d ove Road Locust Gr G re ot Ro a d Kin g N th or Braim R fi d en e a ld R o d Wilton Ro a South R ussell Ro d a ad H d oa kR Gic 50 ouden Road WHERE LPEOPLE LIVE HIGHER DEMAND LOUGHBERRY LAKE LOWER DEMAND oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok Bro MILTON 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu Miles 0 0.5 e LIVE 58 R oa d es ck e o W ing Road ys p Kin g Ro ad Bo sR Clark Ro Road og ad oa d l ls R lR An ge e thi Clo a ad oh C sR o rF R ad Ro we Ho i er o ll Fa n en ad ra t M d Road Sa on Roa er R o a d tock LAKE BONITA ad W ath He M in a Ro 24 oad ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE ms Co yR Hatcher le Road Fortsvil ler l Fu Ro R oa d G a b r i el 9N ad Ro ER 24 CORINTH o ad ls R ga to RIV 10 d oa hR ri n 10 el WHERE PEOPLE LIVE 87 Ro HADLEY \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES 1 2 ad The “Live” portion of the demand analysis creates a heat map depicting where people live within the study area and surrounding region and assumes the demand for recreational opportunities increases as populations densify. The accompanying map indicates higher population densities in the City of Saratoga Springs, the Village of Corinth, the Town of Wilton, and the northeast edge of the study area within the Town of Moreau. Other areas of dense population can be found along the roads bounding Southern Palmertown on the east and west, Route 9 and Route 9N, respectively. An t o ne ar H M tn oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY a d ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t 9 Co HU DS MOREAU ra Sa O N VILLAGE OF CORINTH d R oa MOREAU LAKE ad l o ad R r tn GREENFIELD Lo c a Wilt Brigham Road ad ge lm er Ro Ri d er d d a Ga i l r R o a d o 50 Ba lla rd 87 Tra R o ad a Ro d nes Road Ro a ort k Road Dimmic n Ga n o ev WILTON v R oa d r o ve ust G d o rs R Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Sp Ro A ll e Ro rth Gre e ne e ad o ad ilto Bal lard Gr R ne Gree rn e Old W ll fiel d P or t e r C o Pa oa d ad No o ad n en 9 il t s en R rn Washbu o Clark Ro Road og ie W ad oa d l ls R lR An ge e thi Clo a Sp sR o oh C i er rF ad ad Ro we Ho Fa o R Road ad ra t M d tock Sa on Roa ms Co LAKE BONITA ad ath He W a Ro 24 oad ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE er R o a d M in yR Hatcher le Road Fortsvil Ro ler Fu Ro R oa d G a b r i el 9N ad Ro ER 24 CORINTH Ro a d ga to RIV 10 d oa hR ri n 10 ls el WHERE PEOPLE WORK 87 Ro HADLEY Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R 9N Ro ad 9 Old D an o i el s R Ro a d Kin g ve R oa d d oa kR Gic 50 ouden Road WHERE LPEOPLE WORK ad Nor ot Daniels Road Middle Gro n er o ad N th or Rug gle sR ove Road Locust Gr South G re th B roa d wa y d oa d R oa d Braim R e ld Wilton Ro a en R ussell Ro d a fi P in ad p R oa d es ck e o W ing Road Hy s Kin g Ro ad Bo sR HIGHER DEMAND LOUGHBERRY LAKE LOWER DEMAND oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venu Lake A 29 Street ngton Washi 29 e Miles 0 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un ok Bro MILTON An analysis of where people work helps determine potential destinations for pedestrians and bicyclists, ultimately contributing to the composite demand for active transportation opportunities in the region. This can also help indicate the need for hiking or biking opportunities during a lunch hour or after work around common work locations. While there is low demand throughout the study area generated by the “Work” portion of this analysis, job opportunities in the region tend to be concentrated outside of the study area in the City of Saratoga Springs, the Village of Corinth, and specific sections in the Town of Wilton, such as the shopping plazas and along Ballard Road. i on A venu 0.5 1 2 e WORK ADIRONDACK PARK oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY LAKE LUZERNE oad Butler R Call Street t a Ro og r o ve ust G d Lo c GREENFIELD Wilt ge nes Road R o ad Ro a o ev ort a Ro er d Ro lm er Ri d d WILTON Tra e ne Brigham Road ilt v R oa d ad Ro Gre rth a an on G Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Sp Ro A ll e o ad e R ne Gree o rs R Old W LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST fiel d rn e Pa oa d ad P or t e r C o o s en R a Ba lla rd 87 Ga i l r R o a d o oad on R WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE P in d Rug gle sR o ad Old Nor ve R oa n er 9 o i el s R D an Daniels Road Middle Gro th or DANIELS RD STATE FOREST ad th B roa d wa y Ro ad N oa d ove Road Locust Gr G re ot Ro a d d Braim R fi Wilton Ro a d en e a ld R o South R ussell Ro d a ad Kin g R oa d es ck e H Kin g Ro ad Bo o W ing Road ys p 50 Ro ad Sc out Road 9N sR d oa kR Gic 50 ouden Road WHERE LPEOPLE PLAY HIGHER DEMAND LOUGHBERRY LAKE LOWER DEMAND oad Denton R 87 MILTON Bro ok Ro ad venue 29 Lake A 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu Clark Ro ad ad R tn Gr No 9 il t d C oh le Road Fortsvil l oa d l ls R W Sp ie o oad Ro d R oa Sta rk lR An ge r ad ad Ro we Ho sR o e thi Clo a ad n en ad ra t R rF Sa M d i er o ll Fa yR Hatcher 87 Fo l t s R on Roa Road MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK ad LAKE BONITA ad W Ro o ad ath He er R o a d tock ad Ro ER ler 24 ms Co ga to RIV Fu WOODLAND LAKE 9N e M in ra Sa N K R PA MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el K DS 24 CORINTH C DA ON IR AD s Road ll 9 Co HU VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 Road d WHERE PEOPLE PLAY 87 RALPH RD STATE FOREST rn Washbu H M ar k Road Dimmic An t o ne tn HADLEY ad An analysis of existing recreational and open space opportunities is a crucial component of the composite demand for recreation within Southern Palmertown. The “Play” portion of the analysis includes public parks, hiking, biking, equestrian, and snowmobile trails, and other open spaces within the region. Unsurprisingly, this portion of the demand analysis reveals a high concentration of existing recreation facilities in Moreau Lake State Park, Daniels Road State Forest, and Lincoln Mountain State Forest. Additional “Play” areas include Skidmore College’s North Woods, Wilton Wildlife Preserve, and fragmented open spaces in the Town of Corinth. Miles 0 0.5 1 2 e PLAY SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 59 The Shoppes at Wilton Skidmore College Saratoga Springs Train Station Example of where people shop Example of where people learn Example of where people access transit An t o ne H M tn ar oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY a d ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t 9 Co HU DS MOREAU ra Sa O N VILLAGE OF CORINTH d R oa MOREAU LAKE Ro ad o ad tn Lo c GREENFIELD Wilt Brigham Road er Old ort a Ro d Ro lm er Ri d d k Road Dimmic nes Road Tra R o ad Ro a o ev WILTON v R oa d e ne r o ve ust G d a ilt Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Sp Ro A ll e ad o ad Ro Gre rth o rs R an on G s W oa d e R ne Gree fiel d rn e Pa ad ad P or t e r C o o Gr No 9 il t a Ba lla rd d en R rn Washbu W ge R o Sp ie r 87 Ga i l r R o a d o 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R 9N P in Nor ve R oa d o ad Old ad th B roa d wa y Ro ad 9 o i el s R D an Daniels Road Middle Gro n er Rug gle sR oa d ove Road Locust Gr G re ot Ro a d Kin g N th or Braim R fi d en e a ld R o d Wilton Ro a South R ussell Ro d a ad H d oa kR Gic 50 ouden Road WHERE LPEOPLE SHOP HIGHER DEMAND LOUGHBERRY LAKE LOWER DEMAND oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok Bro MILTON 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu Miles 0 0.5 e SHOP 60 R oa d es ck e o W ing Road ys p Kin g Ro ad Bo sR Clark Ro Road og ad oa d l ls R lR An ge e thi Clo a ad oh C sR o rF R ad Ro we Ho i er o ll Fa n en ad ra t M d Road Sa on Roa er R o a d tock LAKE BONITA ad W ath He M in a Ro 24 oad ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE ms Co yR Hatcher le Road Fortsvil ler l Fu Ro R oa d G a b r i el 9N ad Ro ER 24 CORINTH o ad ls R ga to RIV 10 d oa hR ri n 10 el WHERE PEOPLE SHOP 87 Ro HADLEY \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES 1 2 ad An analysis of where people shop helps provide connections between the local economy and outdoor recreation destinations. Retail opportunities are concentrated in the City of Saratoga Springs, the Village of Corinth, and portions of the Town of Wilton. Unsurprisingly, due to the rural landscape, there is a very low density of retail within Southern Palmertown. An t o ne ar H M tn oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY a d ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t 9 Co HU DS MOREAU ra Sa O N VILLAGE OF CORINTH d R oa MOREAU LAKE ad o ad R W tn ge n Ga n GREENFIELD Lo c a Wilt Brigham Road a Ro lm er Ro Ri d er d d a Ba lla rd 87 Tra R o ad ort d nes Road Ro a o ev WILTON v R oa d r o ve ust G d o rs R Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Sp Ro Ro Gre rth e ne e ad A ll e o ad ilto Bal lard Gr R ne Gree rn e Old W ll fiel d P or t e r C o Pa oa d ad No o ad n en 9 il t s en R rn Washbu o ad k Road Dimmic ie r Clark Ro Road og ad oa d l ls R lR An ge e thi Clo a Sp sR o oh C i er rF ad ad Ro we Ho Fa o R Road ad ra t M d tock Sa on Roa ms Co LAKE BONITA ad ath He W a Ro 24 oad ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE er R o a d M in yR Hatcher le Road Fortsvil Ro ler l Fu Ro R oa d G a b r i el 9N ad Ro ER 24 CORINTH Ro a d ga to RIV 10 d oa hR ri n 10 ls el WHERE PEOPLE LEARN 87 Ro HADLEY Ga i l r R o a d o 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R 9N Ro ad 9 Old D an o i el s R Ro a d Kin g ve R oa d d oa kR Gic 50 ouden Road WHERE LPEOPLE LEARN ad Nor ot Daniels Road Middle Gro n er o ad N th or Rug gle sR ove Road Locust Gr South G re th B roa d wa y d oa d R oa d Braim R e ld Wilton Ro a en R ussell Ro d a fi P in ad p R oa d es ck e o W ing Road Hy s Kin g Ro ad Bo sR HIGHER DEMAND LOUGHBERRY LAKE LOWER DEMAND oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venu Lake A 29 Street ngton Washi 29 Miles 0 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un ok Bro MILTON e i on A venu The analysis includes the location of schools and higher learning institutions, assuming that educational facilities create a demand for recreational and potentially educational opportunities for students in the surrounding area. While just two educational facilities are located within the study area, Skidmore College and Corinth Elementary School, there are many schools directly adjacent to Southern Palmertown included in this analysis. Greenfield Elementary School, Maple Avenue Middle School, Saratoga High School, Ballard Elementary School, and Corinth Middle and High Schools are some of the major educational facilities located directly outside the study area. 0.5 1 2 e LEARN M An t o ne H tn ar oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY a d ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t 9 Co HU DS MOREAU ra Sa O N VILLAGE OF CORINTH d R oa MOREAU LAKE Ro ad o ad tn Lo c Wilt nes Road ort a Ro er d Ro lm er Ri d d k Road Dimmic s r o ve ust G d GREENFIELD R o ad Ro a o ev WILTON Tra e ne Brigham Road ilt v R oa d ad a an on G Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Sp Ro A ll e o ad Ro Gre rth o rs R Old W oa d e R ne Gree fiel d rn e Pa ad ad P or t e r C o o Gr No 9 il t a Ba lla rd d en R rn Washbu W ge R o Sp ie r 87 Ga i l r R o a d o 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R 9N P in Nor ve R oa d o ad Old ad th B roa d wa y Ro ad 9 o i el s R D an Daniels Road Middle Gro n er Rug gle sR oa d ove Road Locust Gr G re ot Ro a d Kin g N th or Braim R fi d en e a ld R o d Wilton Ro a South R ussell Ro d a ad H R oa d es ck e o W ing Road ys p Kin g Ro ad Bo sR d oa kR Gic 50 HIGHER DEMAND LOUGHBERRY LAKE LOWER DEMAND oad Denton R Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok Bro 29 Street ngton Washi ad The “Move” portion of this analysis reveals a heavy concentration of public transit opportunities on the southern end of the Study area, and no transit activity within Southern Palmertown north of the City of Saratoga Springs. There are two locations highlighting CDTA bus stops directly adjacent, but outside, the study area along Northern Pines road. Analysis of the transit opportunities reveal that the study area is not well served by the current transit system, as very few recreational opportunities in Southern Palmertown are accessible by public transit. WHERE PEOPLE ACCESS TRANSITLouden Road 87 MILTON Clark Ro Road og ad oa d l ls R lR An ge e thi Clo a ad oh C sR o rF R ad Ro we Ho i er o ll Fa n en ad ra t M d Road Sa on Roa er R o a d tock LAKE BONITA ad W ath He M in a Ro 24 oad ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE ms Co yR Hatcher le Road Fortsvil ler l Fu Ro R oa d G a b r i el 9N ad Ro ER 24 CORINTH o ad ls R ga to RIV 10 d oa hR ri n 10 el WHERE PEOPLE ACCESS TRANSIT 87 Ro HADLEY 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu Miles 0 0.5 1 2 e ACCESS TRANSIT SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 61 COMPOSITE DEMAND FOR RECREATION MAP The Recreation Demand Analysis’ scoring method is a function of density and proximity. Areas that have more features, and features that are closer together, have higher scores. Low feature density areas, and areas where features are further apart, receive lower scores. Composite demand is calculated by summing all six categories: Live, Work, Play, Shop, Learn, and Access to Transit. All categories are given the same weight in the Composite Demand for Recreation Map. The analysis reveals high demand areas exist throughout the study area, yet some areas reveal much higher demand than other. Areas with higher demand concentrations are located in the City of Saratoga Springs and the Towns of Corinth and Wilton. Additional hotspots which KEY FINDINGS High Demand for Recreation in: • Moreau Lake State Park • Lake Bonita are more distributed throughout the study area are located in the Town of Greenfield, Moreau Lake State Park and Lake Bonita, Daniels Road State Forest, and Lincoln Mountain State Forest. One of the goals in this Plan is to create a connected recreation system within Southern Palmertown. In addition to identifying existing demand for recreation, the Composite Demand for Recreation Map can be used to determine recreational recommendations which will help achieve this goal. Creating recreational resources which connect existing hot spots will help create a connected recreation system within the focal study area and into the greater region. The recreational recommendations made in this Plan will incorporate the results from this Recreation Demand Analysis. Recreation recommendations will also consider the Conservation Priority Analysis and recommend that recreational opportunities be located away from high priority conservation opportunities unless they are extremely low impact and compatible with protection of the resources. • Daniels Road State Forest • Skidmore’s North Woods • City of Saratoga Springs • Village of Corinth Future recommendations should create recreation opportunities to connect these hotspots while avoiding priority conservation areas, ultimately creating a connected recreation network within Southern Palmertown Existing Trails in Daniels Road State Forest 62 \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES An t o ne H M tn Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY a d ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t 9 Co HU DS MOREAU ra Sa O N VILLAGE OF CORINTH ER 24 d R oa oad o ad Sta rk 87 Fo l t s R ust G d o rs R a Lo c rn e rn Road Washbu Old GREENFIELD Wilt Brigham Road Clark Ro ilto Ro a oa rt R d WILTON er Ro Ri d d a Ba lla rd d nes Road Bal lard oo ev er k Road Dimmic n Ga n s W Tra R o ad 87 Ga i l r R o a d o 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R 9N P in Ro Rug gle sR o ad n er DEMAND FOR RECREATION ad Ro ick G 50 Old ad th B roa d wa y i el s D an Nor Ro a d ve R oa d Middle Gro th or 9 Daniels Road ot Kin g oa d ove Road Locust Gr G re Ro ad N Braim R fi Ro d en e ld Wilton Ro a ad South R ussell Ro d a ad n Road HIGHER LoudeDEMAND LOUGHBERRY LAKE LOWER DEMAND oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok MILTON Bro p R oa d es ck e o W ing Road Hy s Kin g Ro ad Bo sR 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e oad ge lm Pa v R oa d r o ve Ro Gre rth P or t e r C o e ne e No o Gr ad o ad d tn Parkhu rst Road Sp Ro A ll e ad fiel en o Pi Northern ie Sp ll R ne Gree ad oa d l ls R lR An ge oa d ad n r R ad W sR o en R MAP HERE e thi Clo 9 il t ad oh C i er a rF W ra t R d ad Ro we Ho Fa o Sa M d er R o a d M in LAKE BONITA on Roa m Co k Roa st o c ad og WOODLAND LAKE ath He ls a Ro 24 9N yR Hatcher le Road Fortsvil R ler l Fu MOREAU LAKE ad R oa d G a b r i el Ro CORINTH Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV 10 d oa hR ri n 10 el 87 Ro HADLEY r ar ad is Ro Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad CASE STUDIES This section includes case studies of outdoor recreation and conservation networks and innovative economic development initiatives that leverage existing recreation and/or conservation uses. All of the case studies presented are similar in scale to the Southern Palmertown Area and address the following goals: 1 2 64 To identify a range of different approaches for establishing and maintaining a connected network of recreational and conservation lands in the Southern Palmertown Area; and, To identify discrete economic development opportunities for Southern Palmertown that promote ecotourism, leverage recreational uses, and/or advance conservation priorities. \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES Case studies of paired recreation and conservation networks include: 1. Mohonk Preserve, Gardiner, New York 2. Kingdom Trails, East Burke, Vermont 3. Champlain Area Trail, Essex County, New York 4. Taconic Crest Trail, Massachusetts, New York, and Vermont Case studies of innovative economic development that leverages existing recreation and/or conservation include: 1. North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, North Carolina 2. McMenamins Edgefield, Troutdale, Oregon 3. 13 Mile Woods Community Forest, Errol, New Hampshire Mohonk Preserve, Gardiner, New York. Photo Credit: Grendelkhan, Wikimedia Commons SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 65 MOHONK PRESERVE GARDINER, NEW YORK \ RECREATION + CONSERVATION CASE STUDY The Mohonk Preserve36 is a large network of conservation and outdoor recreation lands in southeastern New York. It consists of more than 8,000 preserved acres and receives over 200,000 visitors each year. mechanisms, including: private contributions, membership fees, grants, special events, and investments. Several different levels of membership are available and day use passes are available for purchase for non-members. The Mohonk Preserve borders Minnewaska State Park Preserve and is just south of the Catskill Park. It is located 5 miles to the west of New Paltz, which has a population of 14,000 and is home to the State University of New York (SUNY). The Mohonk Preserve is easily accessed from I-87 and the Wallkill Valley Rail Trail. PROGRAMMING MANAGEMENT The Mohonk Preserve, Inc. is a non-profit nature preserve that was established in 1963 (originally the Mohonk Trust). A Board of Directors oversees the finances, personnel, and governance of the organization. Over 30 staff support the operation, maintenance, and development of the Preserve. The Preserve’s annual operating budget is $3 million, and revenue is generated through a variety of The Mohonk Preserve offers many different programs that advance the Preserve’s mission, including: Conservation Science, Environmental Education, Land Protection, Land Stewardship, Access for All, and Weddings/Special Events. For example, Rock the Ridge is an annual 50mile endurance challenge and fundraiser that has helped the Preserve raise nearly $1 million since 2013. These programs allow the Preserve to not only acquire land for conservation purposes, but also support the cultivation of a “living laboratory,” where staff advance conservation priorities through research, students embark on outdoor learning adventures, and the public develops a culture of environmental stewardship. RECREATIONAL USES The Mohonk Preserve has 75 miles of carriage roads and trails that support a variety of nonmotorized uses throughout all seasons. The Preserve is home to world-class climbing and bouldering. Hunting and camping also occur throughout the Preserve. Membership or purchase of a day pass is required to use the Mohonk Preserve lands. Only the Visitor Center and its immediate surroundings are available to the public for free. 66 \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES Biking Hunting Camping Mountain Biking Climbing/Bouldering Snowshoeing Cross Country Skiing Running Hiking Wildlife Viewing Horseback Riding “The mission of the Mohonk Preserve is to protect the Shawangunk Mountains region and inspire people to care for, enjoy, and explore their natural world.” The Mohonk Preserve has over 30 miles of carriage roads and is home to world-class bouldering. Photo Credit: New York-New Jersey Trail Conference LESSONS FOR SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN • Achieving a level of conservation and recreation comparable to the Mohonk Preserve will require significant, long-term investment and leadership from one or more non-profit organizations • Southern Palmertown has the necessary ingredients (existing state parks, trail networks, cultural heritage, non-profit investment, etc.) to make it a Mohonkstyle destination • A strategic plan outlining key property acquisitions and easements should be developed in the near-term to ensure development pressures do not further fragment the Southern Palmertown Area SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 67 KINGDOM TRAILS EAST BURKE, VERMONT \ RECREATION + CONSERVATION CASE STUDY The Kingdom Trails37 provide over 100 miles of mountain biking trails, 18 miles of fat bike/ snowshoe trails, and 7 miles of groomed Nordic ski trails. They are located in Vermont’s Northeast Kingdom, approximately one and a half hours from Burlington. The Kingdom Trails are an international destination for mountain bikers, attracting tourists from across the United States and Canada. An economic impact study prepared for the Vermont Trails and Greenways Council estimates that the trails are used 94,000 times per year, resulting in approximately $7.9 million of total annual spending by Kingdom Trail users. 50 landowners and businesses have given Kingdom Trails permission to access their land for the trail system. In return, landowners receive insurance liability coverage, free membership to the Kingdom Trails, and discounts from local merchants. Kingdom Trails also partners with land trusts to acquire properties critical to the trail system and conservation priorities. Trail users must pay a fee to access the trail system, which provides a revenue stream for Kingdom Trails to conduct trail management, operations, and maintenance. Grants and fundraising also play an important role in funding the trail system. MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMING The Kingdom Trails network is located entirely on private property. Kingdom Trails is a nonprofit conservation organization formed in 1994 that works with local landowners, businesses, government agencies, and other non-profits to create legal access to, develop, manage, maintain, and protect the trail system. Over Kingdom Trails hosts an annual 3-day mountain bike festival called NEMBA (Northeast Mountain Biking Association) Fest, featuring an industry expo, group rides, live bands, and local food. Organized trail rides also take place throughout the year. RECREATIONAL USES The Kingdom Trails provide an extensive system of non-motorized, multi-use trails, where motorized uses, including electric assist bikes, are not permitted. Kingdom Trails operates two discrete seasons. The summer season opens as soon as weather conditions permit in the spring and closes on October 31. The winter season opens as soon as snow conditions permit and closes in April. In addition to the trail network, the Kingdom Trails offer a pump track and an instructional course for kids/beginners. 68 \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES SUMMER SEASON WINTER SEASON Hiking Cross Country Skiing Mountain Biking Fat Biking Running Snowshoeing “The mission of the Kingdom Trails is to provide recreation and education opportunities...while working to conserve natural resources and create economic stimulation.” Mountain biking on the Vermont Kingdom Trails. Photo Credit: Vermont Kingdom Trails LESSONS FOR SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN • Using the Kingdom Trails model of public access on private lands, Southern Palmertown could enhance its existing network of public land trails • This type of an approach would require an entity to assume a leadership role in negotiating with land owners, establishing legal access, and developing and maintaining the trail network • Establishing permanent access to private lands through an easement or deed restriction is an important consideration, particularly in areas where trail connectivity is critical to the success of the network SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 69 CHAMPLAIN AREA TRAILS ESSEX COUNTY, NEW YORK \ RECREATION + CONSERVATION CASE STUDY The Champlain Area Trails38 consist of a 42mile public trail network in Essex County, New York. The trails connect several hamelts in the Champlain Valley, including Westport, Wadhams, Whallonsburg, Essex, and Willsboro. The trail network also provides direct access to the EssexCharlotte Ferry and Split Rock Mountain Wild Forest. Future plans include a 30-mile loop trail between Westport and Essex as well as regional connections to trail systems in the Adirondacks, Vermont, and Quebec. MANAGEMENT Champlain Area Trails (CATS) is a non-profit organization established in 2009 with the purpose of creating and maintaining trails. CATS is governed by a Board of Directors and has 3 staff that oversee operations, development, and stewardship programs. Recognizing the need to preserve the scenic lands and natural areas to which CATS provide acces, the CATS Board of Directors formed the Champlain Valley Conservation Partnership Project (CVCP). The CVCP is a land trust whose mission is to, “protect farms, forests, and clean water, promote local farming, sustainable forestry, and historic hamlets, and develop outdoor education and outdoor recreationbased tourism initiatives.” CVCP conserves land through a combination of property acquisition and conservation easements. PROGRAMMING CATS offers several group hikes and outdoor education opportunities throughout the year. To encourage stewardship among trail users, CATS has an adopt-a-trail program that engages users in trail maintenance and monitoring activities. RECREATIONAL USES The Champlain Area Trails (CATS) serve nonmotorized uses all year round and are free to the public. The CATS network also connects to regional trail systems, including: the Lake Champlain Paddler’s Trail, the Adirondack Coast Wine Trail, the Adirondack/Champlain Valley Yoga Trail, and on-road cycling routes. A key component of the CATS mission is to link communities. Organized “Hamlet-toHamlet” hikes provide fun, community-building opportunities that also bring business to the local villages. 70 \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES Biking Snowshoeing Cross Country Skiing Running Hiking Wildlife Viewing Paddling “Champlain Area Trails...creates and maintains hiking and cross-country ski trails...that link communities, connect people with nature, and promote economic vitality.” View of Lake Champlain from the Snake Den Harbor Overlook in Split Rock Mountain Wild Forest. Photo Credit: Lake Champlain Land Trust LESSONS FOR SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN • A partnership or consortium of non-profit organizations with compatible missions could be an efficient mechanism to leverage existing resources (funds, public support, staff) and achieve mutually beneficial goals • For example, establishing a partnership between an outdoor recreation-focused non-profit and a conservation-focused non-profit (e.g., Saratoga PLAN) would allow land to be preserved for the dual purpose of conservation and recreation • CATS Hamlet-to-Hamlet initiative could serve as a model for improving multimodal connectivity between the villages in Southern Palmertown SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 71 TACONIC CREST TRAIL MASSACHUSETTS, NEW YORK, VERMONT \ RECREATION + CONSERVATION CASE STUDY The Taconic Crest Trail39 is a 37-mile ridgeline trail that traverses through a network of over 10,000 acres of conserved lands. The trail is situated in the well-connected wilderness of the Berkshire Mountains, approximately 45 minutes east of Albany, New York. This north-south trail connects Pittsfield, Massachusetts to North Pownal, Vermont and provides direct access to several other recreational destinations, including: Hopkins Memorial Forest (MA), Taconic Trails State Park (MA), Pittsfield State Forest (MA), Petersburg Pass State Forest & Scenic Area (NY), and Berlin State Forest (NY). The Taconic Crest Trail can be accessed from more than 10 different locations, and designated parking areas are provided in 3 locations. MANAGEMENT The Taconic Crest Trail consists of a network of public lands, conservation easements, and private property. The management of the trail and conservation lands requires an interstate effort between Massachusetts, New York, and Vermont state agencies and local conservation non-profits. Despite the relatively decentralized management approach, the Taconic Hiking Club, a non-profit, is the sole organization responsible for patrolling and maintaining the entire length of the trail. The Taconic Hiking Club works directly with New York and Massachusetts State Agencies and also spearheads conservation efforts along the trail corridor. PROGRAMMING The Taconic Hiking Club sponsors an annual End-To-End Endurance Challenge, where participants trek nearly 30-miles and gain approximately 17,300 feet in cumulative elevation. The Hiking Club also sponsors organized hiking events throughout the year and provides opportunities for volunteers to conduct trail work/maintenance. RECREATIONAL USES The Taconic Crest Trail supports year-round, non-motorized, outdoor recreation. Hiking and snowshoeing are the predominant activities. Camping Running Hiking Wildlife Viewing Snowshoeing 72 \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES “[The Taconic Hiking Club’s] primary responsibility is to maintain the 37-mile long Taconic Crest Trail..the trail offers hiking in a variety of settings throughout the seasons.” View from the Taconic Crest Trail. Photo Credit: Flikr, Andy Arthur LESSONS FOR SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN • Similar to the Taconic Crest Trail, the Southern Palmertown Area encompasses multiple jurisdictions. Establishing an intermunicipal agreement between Corinth, Greenfield, Moreau, Saratoga, and Wilton could align conservation and recreation goals and create a unified vision for the future development of the region • In addition to an intermunicipal agreement, a non-profit organization or other entity (e.g., Saratoga County) would be needed to spearhead the development and implementation of a strategic plan for Southern Palmertown SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 73 NORTH CAROLINA MUSEUM OF ART RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA \ ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CASE STUDY The North Carolina Museum of Art40 is approximately five miles west of downtown Raleigh, North Carolina. It is open year-round and admission to its permanent art collection and the Museum Park is free. The Museum is an important community resource, providing public access to art, educational programs, cultural events, and an extensive outdoor park and trail system. a new site on the western edge of Raleigh, which provided access to the interstate and ample space to expand in the future. The new site, and current location of the Museum, has significant cultural value. At different points in history it was inhabited by Native Americans, served as a Civil War training site, and housed a youth prison. SITE HISTORY In addition to its indoor art galleries, the museum has a 164-acre Museum Park with gardens, 2 miles of trails, an amphitheater, and over a dozen outdoor art installations. The East Coast Greenway, which links major cities between Maine and Florida, also runs through the museum property. The North Carolina Museum of Art opened in 1956 in the renovated State Highway Division Building in downtown Raleigh. At the time, it was the first art museum in the country to be established with state funding. The Museum quickly outgrew its original location and selected KEY FEATURES / ATTRACTIONS “This is a museum where you can find your own place either in contemplative spaces or through lively, engaging tours, performing arts, or family workshops.” Photo and Quote Credit: North Carolina Museum of Art 74 \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES Map of the North Carolina Museum of Art and the Museum Park. Art installations are distributed throughout the Park and are represented by a black dot. Photo Credit: North Carolina Museum of Art LESSONS FOR SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN • Establishing a cultural hub in the Southern Palmertown Area that is integrated into a region-wide trail network would create an important community resource as well as a regional tourist destination • The existing grounds of Skidmore’s Tang Museum could be enhanced to create an outdoor sculpture park and establish connections to the North Woods and Daniel’s Road trail systems • The former Mount McGregor Correctional Facility site may also be a good candidate for establishing a museum or interpretive center that highlights the area’s indigenous, cultural, and ecological history SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 75 MCMENAMINS EDGEFIELD TROUTDALE, OREGON \ ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CASE STUDY McMenamins Edgefield is a destination resort in the Pacific Northwest. It is nestled into farmland at the mouth of the Columbia River Gorge Scenic Area. Edgefield is a 20-minute drive from downtown Portland, Oregon and a 15-minute drive from Portland’s International Airport. SITE HISTORY41 Edgefield was built in 1911 and served as the Multnomah County Poor Farm for several decades. The inhabitants of the 300-acre farm raised enough livestock and grew enough fruits and vegetables to feed the population of the poor farm, as well as the county hospital and jail. In the 1940’s, when World War II created a surplus of jobs, Edgefield’s population shrank dramatically and the farm transitioned into a nursing home and rehabilitation center. By 1982, the last patients were relocated and Edgefield was left vacant. KEY FEATURES / ATTRACTIONS42 Drawing inspiration from the site’s long history as a working farm, McMenamins Edgefield provides an immersive experience for guests and visitors. The Edgefield property consists of over 70-acres of farmland, a 100-room hotel, extensive gardens, several restaurants, a winery, a brewery, a golf course, a movie theater, and a spa. Most of the food and beverages are grown, harvested, fermented, and prepared on-site. Edgefield hosts outdoor summer concerts, year-round music events, and provides a scenic venue for private events and weddings. In 1990, the McMenamin Brothers purchased the Edgefield property and began transforming the historic property into a sprawling, farm-to-table, cultural hotspot and destination resort. “Historic Edgefield, built in 1911 as the county poor farm, is a destination resort in the Pacific Northwest that blends Oregon’s natural beauty with McMenamins’ signature whimsy...” - McMenamins Edgefield 76 \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES Aerial perspective of the McMenamins Edgefield property. Photo Credit: Oregon Encyclopedia LESSONS FOR SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN • The former Mount McGregor Correctional Facility provides a unique opportunity to develop an all inclusive resort that draws inspiration from the natural beauty of the surrounding region and the site’s cultural and ecological history. • Existing assets on the Mount McGregor Correctional Facility property could be leveraged to develop a tourist destination similar in scale and scope to McMenamins Edgefield. The site is 325-acres, has over 60 buildings, offers spectacular views, and could easily be connected to trail systems in Moreau Lake State Park. • Significant private investment would be required SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 77 13 MILE WOODS COMMUNITY FOREST ERROL, NEW HAMPSHIRE \ ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CASE STUDY Community-based forestry projects are diverse in scope and scale and address a wide variety of goals, including: the generation of fuel, food, and profit; the cultivation of tree nurseries; forest preservation for wildlife habitat, education, and recreation; public access to natural and scenic areas; and, community management of existing forest land. Community forests also provide an important opportunity for communities to reconnect with their landscape and cultural traditions. In the United States, community forests occur on public or private lands and partnerships are typically established between the community and forest owner to accomplish shared economic development and stewardship goals.43 13 MILE WOODS44 13 Mile Woods is a 7,100 acre community forest located in Errol, New Hampshire that provides jobs, revenue for the town, wildlife habitat, and recreation, research, and education opportunities. The Town of Errol purchased 13 Mile Woods in 2005 from Lyme Timber Company with help from the Trust for Public Land, the Northern Forest Center, and bank loans. The establishment of a public ownership model that promotes community participation and builds community capacity ensures the longterm, sustainable management of 13 Mile Woods. BENEFITS Residents of the Town of Errol have received several benefits from 13 Mile Woods Community Forest, including: • Permanent conservation of 7,100 acres; • $3.7 million generated from sustainable timber harvests from 2006 - 2012; • Over $2.2 million in spending on recreational tourism in 2012; • Recreational investments and permanent public access; • Preservation of the Town’s rural and scenic character; and, • Strong local governance and direction. “The town’s vision of owning and managing its own forestland resulted in the best of both worlds: a conservation project that has a direct positive effect on the local economy and supports quality jobs based on a healthy working forest.” - Elizabeth Reaves and Marta Ceroni of the Donella Meadows Institute 78 \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES Community volunteers help rebuild trails within a community forest. Photo Credit: Open Space Institute LESSONS FOR SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN • The Southern Palmertown Area has over 30,000 acres of forested land. Pursuing a community forest model would provide an opportunity for sustainable development that benefits the local economy, while also preserving land for public access, wildlife habitat, and recreational and educational uses • The Open Space Institute provides funding for the creation or expansion of community forests through tis Community Forest Fund. Additional funding is also available through the Trust for Public Land and the Northern Forest Center. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 79 FOREST-BASED ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES The Forest-Based Economic Development section of the document lists various types of forest-based economies typical in New York State as described by the North East State Foresters Association. While forest activities are largely at the discretion of private land owners, through conservation practices, forests can be protected for the following forest-based economic development activities45 to take place in the future: • Forestry, Logging, and Trucking • Wood Products Manufacturing • Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing • Pulp and Paper Manufacturing • Wood Energy • Christmas Tree Harvesting • Maple Syrup Production • Forest Recreation These forest-based economies may be implemented in Southern Palmertown to boost the economic health of the area. 80 \ CHAPTER 3 \ OPPORTUNITIES Logging and Trucking Photo Credit: US Fish and Wildlife (flickr.com) Maple Syrup Collection Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing Photo Credit: US Dept. of Agriculture (flickr.com) Photo Credit: Graham H (pixabay.com) Christmas Tree Harvesting Wood Products Manufacturing - Wood Chips Photo Credit: Thomas McDonald (nytimes.com) Photo Credit: FEMA (commons.wikimedia.com) SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 81 SHi'nJ-J . .- - 4 I fat-H. Moreau Lake State Park Three Land Use Scenarios were developed to show the effects various levels of development and conservation strategies may have on the landscape within Southern Palmertown: Scenario 1: Suburban Sprawl Growth Pattern Scenario 2: Conservation/Development Balance Scenario 3: Strong Conservation Emphasis Land Use Scenario Planning provides a general estimation of potential future land use configurations and land use impacts within Southern Palmertown. This is done by analyzing spatial data and applying various conservation requirements, development restrictions, and other assumptions depending on the driving force for each scenario. The Suburban Sprawl Growth Pattern Land Use Scenario was created to show the effect continued suburban growth, with few conservation strategies, could have on the landscape within Southern Palmertown. The Conservation/Development Balance Land Use Scenario was created to show the effect of light development patterns and moderate conservation strategies on the landscape within Southern Palmertown. The Strong Conservation Emphasis Land Use Scenario was created to show the effect conservation- and recreation-oriented economic development and strong conservation strategies may have on the landscape within Southern Palmertown. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 83 LAND USE SCENARIO PLANNING DESCRIPTION EXISTING LAND USES Land use scenario planning is a process in which “alternative futures” are estimated based on existing land use patterns and a range of conservation and development strategies of varying intensities. This planning technique is used to visualize and describe how certain considerations may affect a region. Scenarios are used to inform policy- and infrastructure-related recommendations depending on the needs and desires of the community. There are five land use categories included in the Existing Land Uses Map: Three Land Use Scenarios were developed for Southern Palmertown: Each of the three Land Use Scenarios will be comprised of the same five land use categories. • Water • Agricultural Land • Upland Natural Habitat • Low Density Developed • Developed/Impervious • Scenario 1: Suburban Sprawl Growth Pattern • Scenario 2: Conservation/Development Balance • Scenario 3: Strong Conservation Emphasis The assumptions associated with each of the three scenarios are described in detail throughout this chapter. METHODOLOGY Land Use Scenario Planning provides a general estimation of potential future land use configurations within Southern Palmertown. This is done by analyzing various spatial datasets for each scenario. Each of the three Land Use Scenarios were created using ArcGIS processes and various conservation and development patterns with respect to the datasets listed above. 84 \ CHAPTER 4 \ LAND USE SCENARIOS THIS PROCESS ANALYZES THE FOLLOWING DATASETS: • Water & Wetland Features • Terrestrial Resilience • Conservation Land • Groundwater Recharge • Agricultural Land • Recreation Corridor Parcels • Low/Medium/ High Predicted Growth Areas ADIRONDACK PARK oad tn R QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t HU l ad R ust G d a Lo c o rs R n Ga n s r o ve GREENFIELD Wilt Brigham Road R o ad oa rt R er d Ga i l r R o a d o Ro er Ri d d a Ba lla rd d nes Road v e ne Ro a oo ev WILTON Tra Ro Gre rth rn e PALMERTOWN RANGE e R oa d o ad ilto Bal lard Gr R ne Gree ad A ll e Ro Sp Parkhu rst Road LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST Pi Northern ll d P or t e r C o Old oa d ad n No lm Pa W ad fiel en o Sp en R 87 oad on R WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE R oa d P in EXISTING LAND USES ad Ro ick G 50 Old Ro ad th B roa d wa y i el s D an AGRICULTURE Louden Road LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED LOUGHBERRY LAKE DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS oad Denton R ad Ro Miles SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN & RECREATION STRATEGY venueCONSERVATION 29 0 0.5 1 2 ake A L ok Bro 29 WATER UPLAND NATURAL HABITATS 87 MILTON Rug gle sR o ad n er 9 Daniels Road ve R oa d Middle Gro th or DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Nor Ro a d oa d ove Road Locust Gr Ro ad N Braim R fi G re ot Kin g d en Ro South R ussell Ro d a ad p Ro ad es ck e e ld Wilton Ro a ad W ing Road Hy s Kin g Ro ad Bo o 50 Sc out Road 9N sR Clark Ro ge oa d l ls R tn ad ie o 9 il t Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e oad ad a Ro og ad lR An ge r ra t R e thi Clo a rF W Sa M sR o o oh C i er LAKE BONITA PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad on d er R o a d M in d le Road Fortsvil d R oa Sta rk 87 o ad W ER Roa m Co k Roa st o c yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV ND ls oad 24 ath He el R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO ra Sa N K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 Ro d 87 k Road Dimmic H M Gl e n M alls sF rn Road Washbu An t o ne tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro / 85 ad SUBURBAN SPRAWL GROWTH PATTERN LAND USE SCENARIO 1 RESOURCES PROTECTED BY SCENARIO 1 ASSUMPTIONS: • Water and Wetland Features The following assumptions were made when determining Land Use Scenario 1: • Conservation Land • Existing Low Density Development land uses will remain • Existing Developed/Impervious land uses will remain • New growth can occur in all (low, medium, high) predicted growth areas • New growth will be “Low Density Development” land uses 86 \ CHAPTER 4 \ LAND USE SCENARIOS ph Ra l TY t a Ro Wilt ad Ro ad rn Washbu Old Clark Ro ge a Ro d WILTON v e o rR lm er Ri d d k Road Dimmic ort a Ba lla rd d nes Road Pi Northern Ro a o ev 87 Ga i l r R o a d o 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R Ro ad Kin g WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE es R oa d P in d o ad 9 Old d oa kR Gic 50 Louden Road ad th B roa d wa y D Ro a n i el s Nor ve R oa n er DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road Middle Gro th or Rug gle sR oa d N Braim R G en e ld Ro ad WATER & WETLANDS LOUGHBERRY LAKE oad Denton R 87 venue 29 Lake A Ro ad 2 ok 1 ilto Bal lard Tra R o ad d re ot p ad Ro Road og ad Parkhu rst Road e ne GREENFIELD Wilton Ro a d R oa South R ussell Ro d a fi o ad e 0.5 n Ga n s r o ve Lo c PALMERTOWN RANGE Miles 0 le Road Fortsvil l oa d l ls R ie Sp W o Ro a d th B roa d wa y ust G d sR Hy s SARATOGA SPRINGS Un Pa oa d Brigham Road W ing Road LOUGHBERRY LAKE i on A venu en R ad Ro MILTON Bro ad Ro ok Bro 29 oa rs R Louden Road ad venue 29 Lake A 29 Sta rk sR o i er Ro A ll e R oa d oad Denton R Street ngton Washi rn e o 9N Rug gle sR d oa kR Gic 50 Old 87 MILTON ne Gree ad P or t e r C o WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE Kin g d tn LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST Ro Gre rth Ro ad Kin g es ve R oa Nor Middle Gro oh fiel d P in oa d ove Road Locust Gr Ro ad D ri n d R oa W ad en 9 il t ad al l n er 9 Ro a n i el s W PALMERTOWN RANGE n Ro ad Sc out Road DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road ot Ro a d Kin g Braim R fi en G South R ussell Ro d a re th or o ad N r ad ck e ad d F e thi Clo a Bo ck e p 50 No Bo e ld Wilton Ro a d R oa W ing Road Hy s er R o a d rF Sp s v Tra 87 oad on R o ad Road Ro Old ge R rn Washbu Ba lla rd d nes Road Pi Northern a Ga i l r R o a d o lR a Ro og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp Parkhu rst Road e o rR An ge le Road Fortsvil l ad lR An ge R oa d r o ve ust G d Lo c Wilt d WILTON 9N sR SARATOGA COUN t ri n d R oa Sta rk sR o i er Sp Ro A ll e ad Ro Gre rth GREENFIELD Brigham Road R o ad M in LAKE BONITA o e e e ne Ro a lm d Road ad ra t ad n Ga n a Ro tock Gr Gr oa rs R PALMERTOWN RANGE ilto Bal lard ort ms Co Sa R ad Ro el Ri d C W oa d LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST 24 WOODLAND LAKE ad Ro we Ho C en R o ev er ga to y Road Hatcher 87 Fo l t s R R PA 9N MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK ad M ad ad Ro we Ho oh ne Gree rn e Pa ad al l fiel d P or t e r C o o Ro on tn PALMERTOWN RANGE n No 9 il t ler Fu o ad W K d o K ad ra Sa 24 Roa r R e thi Clo a Clark Ro AC ND IRO AD Road ls M rF ad en ad ra t on d F LAKE BONITA o Sa MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el ath He W 87 Fo l t s R DS ER ad 9 Co HU y Road Hatcher o ad Roa Road MOREAU LAKE d oa hR RIV ER ath He er R o a d tock oad Butler R VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 24 ms Co ad Ro 87 ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H Call Street CORINTH WOODLAND LAKE 9N ga to RIV Ro QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST LAKE LUZERNE R oa d Ro ad ph Ra l TY SARATOGA COUN N ler oad tn R N ra Sa MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA el M in MOREAU d R oa Fu M alls sF 9N 9 O 24 K K AC ND IRO AD Road ls DS Gl e n d 10 d oa hR Co G a b r i el oad r is R WA RREN COUNTY WA RREN COUNTY Call Street CORINTH ar ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H oad Butler R HU H HADLEY LAKE LUZERNE VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 tn a a 9N 10 87 Ro Ro d ADIRONDACK PARK QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro ad oad tn R ove Road Locust Gr M alls sF k Road Dimmic H Gl e n M M oad r is R An t o ne An t o ne HADLEY ar R ADIRONDACK PARK tn 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu Miles 0 0.5 1 2 e CONSERVATION LAND SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 87 SUBURBAN SPRAWL GROWTH PATTERN DESCRIPTION The Suburban Sprawl Growth Pattern Land Use Scenario was created to show the effect extensive low density developed land, with few conservation strategies, could have on the landscape within Southern Palmertown. Excluding water, wetlands, and designated conservation land, this scenario assumes Upland Natural Habitat and Agricultural land uses can be replaced by Low Density Developed land uses where there are High, Medium, or Low Predicted Growth Areas. The resulting map reveals a landscape vastly different from the existing land uses. There is an overwhelming amount of Low Density Developed land uses resulting from this scenario. The amount of Low Density Developed land increases from 5,312 acres to 24,690 acres, a 365% increase. LAND USE SCENARIO 1 DEVELOPMENT CONSIDERATIONS: • Development types are not restricted in this scenario. This Suburban Sprawl Growth Pattern Land Use Scenario assumes all new development will be “Low Density Developed” land to show how the landscape will be affected if sprawl is not limited within Southern Palmertown. While the communities in the area have local zoning codes in place, they generally support ongoing low-density land development of this type. Due to the large increase in Low Density Developed land, the amount of Agricultural land in the study area decreases from 887 acres to 88 acres, a 90% decrease. Additionally, Upland Natural Habitats decreases from 31,179 acres to 12,600 acres, a 60% decrease, in favor of additional residential, low density, land uses. 88 90% DECREASE IN AGRICULTURAL LAND 60% DECREASE IN UPLAND NATURAL HABITAT \ CHAPTER 4 \ LAND USE SCENARIOS INCREASE IN 365% LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED LAND 0% NO CHANGE IN DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS LAND ADIRONDACK PARK oad tn R QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t HU l a Ro og r o ve d ust G Gre ad Lo c Old o lm Pa Wilt n Ga n s ilto oa rt R er d Ro er Ri d d WILTON v R o ad Ro a oo ev a Ba lla rd d nes Road Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road e ne GREENFIELD Brigham Road W Tra PALMERTOWN RANGE 87 Ga i l r R o a d o oad on R WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE R oa d P in n er ad Ro ick G 50 Old Ro ad th B roa d wa y i el s D an Rug gle sR o ad LAND USE SCENARIO 1: SUBURBAN SPRAWL GROWTH PATTERN 9 Daniels Road ve R oa d Middle Gro th or DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Nor Ro a d oa d ove Road Locust Gr Ro ad N Braim R fi G re ot Kin g d en Ro South R ussell Ro d a ad WATER AGRICULTURE Louden Road UPLAND NATURAL HABITATS LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED LOUGHBERRY LAKE DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok MILTON Bro p Ro ad es ck e e ld Wilton Ro a ad W ing Road Hy s Kin g Ro ad Bo o 50 Sc out Road 9N sR Clark Ro ge oa d l ls R ie Sp R oa d o ad Ro ad A ll e Ro Sp LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST e rth tn Gr a R ad lR An ge ll d o rs R o 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e oad ad Sta rk sR o oa d ad R ne Gree rn e r 9 il t ad en R ad P or t e r C o MAP HERE e thi Clo ra t R a rF W Sa M C i er o oh le Road Fortsvil d R oa W LAKE BONITA PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad on d n No 87 o ad d er R o a d M in fiel en ER Roa m Co k Roa st o c yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV ND ls oad 24 ath He el R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO ra Sa N K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 Ro d 87 k Road Dimmic H M Gl e n M alls sF rn Road Washbu An t o ne tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad CONSERVATION/ DEVELOPMENT BALANCE LAND USE SCENARIO 2 RESOURCES PROTECTED BY SCENARIO 2 • Agricultural Land • Recreation Corridor Parcels • “Far Above Average”Terrestrial Resilience • Low Predicted Growth Areas NEW CONSIDERATIONS • Medium Predicted Growth Areas • Water and Wetland Features INCLUDED IN SCENARIO 1 ADIRONDACK PARK oad r is R Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY a ph Ro ad 9N ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H Ra l TY SARATOGA COUN oad Butler R Call Street t ri n l a Ro og R Lo c GREENFIELD Wilt Brigham Road a Ro er d Ro ad lm er Ri d d a Ba lla rd d nes Road R o ad ort WILTON v e ne Ro a o ev 87 Tra R oa d r o ve ust G d PALMERTOWN RANGE ilt Bal lard Pi Northern Sp Ro A ll e ad o ad Ro Gre rth a an on G s W e R ne Gree o rs R Pa oa d LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST fiel d rn e Old Sp en R ad P or t e r C o o Gr No • New growth is allowed to occur only in “High” predicted growth areas 9 il t tn Ga i l r R o a d o oad on R P in Nor ve R oa d o ad Rug gle sR oa d Old d oa kR Gic 50 Louden Road ad LOUGHBERRY LAKE oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok Bro MILTON 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu Miles 0 0.5 e PREVIOUSLY ELIMINATED (FROM SCENARIO 1) 90 \ CHAPTER 4 \ LAND USE SCENARIOS R oa d n er 9 o i el s R D an Daniels Road Middle Gro th or DANIELS RD STATE FOREST th B roa d wa y Ro ad N Braim R ove Road Locust Gr G re ot Ro a d Kin g d en fi Wilton Ro a d South R ussell Ro d a ad H WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE es ck e e a ld R o W ing Road ys p Kin g Ro ad Bo o 50 Ro ad Sc out Road 9N sR Clark Ro Ro ad oa d l ls R W ad ie o oad ge ad lR An ge r R e thi Clo a M rF ad n en ad ra t on oh C sR o o Sa PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho i er LAKE BONITA ll Fa le Road Fortsvil d R oa Sta rk o ad W ER Road ad Ro RIV d er R o a d tock ga to yR Hatcher 87 Fo l t s R 24 ms Co MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK ad WOODLAND LAKE 9N Roa • Existing Developed/Impervious land uses will remain Ro R PA el M in ler Fu ath He • Existing Low Density Development land uses will remain ra Sa N K 9 MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el K DS 24 CORINTH AC ND IRO AD Road ls d oa hR Co HU VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 • Development of a trail from Moreau Lake State Park and Daniels Road State Forest is possible • All new growth will be “Developed/ Impervious” land uses LAKE LUZERNE WA RREN COUNTY 10 Parkhu rst Road The following assumptions were made when determining Land Use Scenario 2: 87 RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro d Road H M ar rn Washbu An t o ne ASSUMPTIONS: tn HADLEY k Road Dimmic • Conservation Land 1 2 ad ph Ra l TY t le Road Fortsvil l a Ro Ro ad rn Washbu Old ge s v d nes Road Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road k Road Dimmic Sp ie Road og ad oa d l ls R lR An ge Lo c Tra Ro ad es P in o ad Rug gle sR oa d Braim R th B roa d wa y Nor Ro ad ph Ra l t ri n l a Ro Wilt a v Ri d Ba lla rd d nes Road Pi Northern Ro er 87 Kin g WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE R oa d P in Ro ad ve R oa d o ad Rug gle sR oa d n er 9 Old o i el s R D an Nor Middle Gro th or DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road ot Ro a d Kin g N d oa kR Gic 50 Louden Road ad th B roa d wa y G re W ing Road ys p 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R d Braim R Wilton Ro a d en e a ld R o South R ussell Ro d a fi o ad LOUGHBERRY LAKE oad Denton R 87 venue 29 Lake A Ro ad 2 Bro ok TERRESTRIAL RESILIENCE er lm d d Ga i l r R o a d o o MILTON e a Ro WILTON Tra R o ad Ro a ort k Road Dimmic s GREENFIELD Brigham Road ilt Bal lard o ev Ro ad sR Rug gle sR 1 an on G es R oa d es 0.5 Pa Parkhu rst Road e ne ad ad Old o W PALMERTOWN RANGE Clark Ro Ro tn oa d Miles 0 9 il t o ad Lo c a rn Washbu W oad ge R o LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST r o ve d o rs R ad Ro Road og ad oa d l ls R ie r Sp en R le Road Fortsvil d R oa Sta rk oh R ne Gree rn e ad ra t 9N H SARATOGA SPRINGS Un (FAR ABOVE AVERAGE) e thi Clo a ad fiel d P or t e r C o WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE LOUGHBERRY LAKE i on A venu rF Sa PALMERTOWN RANGE ust G Gre en Louden Road ad th B roa d wa y Nor ad Ro ok 29 ove Road Locust Gr ad Ro ok Bro TY sR o i er Ro A ll e 50 rth Ro ad Kin g d oa kR Gic 50 Old venue 29 Lake A o ad Ro ad Sc out Road ga to yR Hatcher 87 Fo l t s R LAKE BONITA ll Fa ad Ba lla rd 87 oad Denton R Street ngton Washi Road n P in oa d Braim R ove Road Locust Gr d Bro 29 H SARATOGA COUN W ad Ro er R o a d tock n er 9 o i el s R D an ms Co MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK ad 24 Ro Ro Ro Sp s a d v Tra er 87 MILTON r o ve d fi G South Ro a d Road rn Washbu Old nes Road Pi Northern WILTON ra Sa WOODLAND LAKE 9N ge R Parkhu rst Road d MOREAU O R PA el M in ler ad a Ro og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp ust G Lo c le Road Fortsvil l ad lR An ge R oa d r o ve fi en G South R ussell Ro d a Ro ad ot Ro a d en R ussell Ro d a Ro ad ot t ri n d R oa Sta rk sR o i er Sp d lm d DS d R oa Fu lR Ro ad ph Ra l TY SARATOGA COUN W Ro A ll e ad Ro Gre rth a Ro 9 Co HU ad ve R oa oad Butler R e Kin g K 87 d oa hR R Ro a ort DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road Middle Gro th or 2 ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H Gr N 1 QUEENSBURY ad H K ad ck e ad re W ing Road ys p Clark Ro No d 0.5 e Bo ck e Wilton Ro a d Miles 0 29 RALPH RD STATE FOREST 24 Ri d oad on R Bo e a ld R o e M ilt Bal lard o ev Ga i l r R o a d o o Louden Road on an on G er 9N sR d oa kR Gic 50 o ad Wilt R oa d ER GREENFIELD Brigham Road R o ad WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE RIV e ne 50 Ro ad N a PALMERTOWN RANGE Ba lla rd 87 n er oad tn R Call Street C o ad a LAKE LUZERNE ad Ro we Ho W oa d e o rs R Pa Gr R ne Gree M alls sF G a b r i el d en R LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST fiel d rn e o ad C oh ad P or t e r C o 9 il t tn Ro LOUGHBERRY LAKE i on A venu VILLAGE OF CORINTH Roa W th or SARATOGA SPRINGS Un 9N ath He o ad ll Fa Gl e n oad AC ND IRO AD Road ls R ad Ro we Ho No ad ra t M r Sa on e thi Clo a d ad 29 WA RREN COUNTY 87 o ad d rF o i el s R venu Lake A oad r is R ad Ro yR Hatcher Fo l t s R LAKE BONITA o ar d 10 PALMERTOWN RANGE n ga to ER Roa Road tn RIV ath He er R o a d tock er Ri d Kin g Old D an CORINTH MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK 24 ms Co N a ra Sa WOODLAND LAKE 9N el en MOREAU O R PA er Sc out Road 9 Street ngton Washi 9 ad ad oad Denton R 10 N Ro lm DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Ro WA RREN COUNTY K K ler Fu Ro a WILTON ADIRONDACK PARK 87 d oa hR 24 Clark Ro d oad on R d d 29 HADLEY d R oa G a b r i el ve R oa ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H DS oad (NOT YET ACQUIRED/CONSERVED) Co HU ad Ro RECREATION CORRIDOR PARCELS oad Butler R CORINTH AC ND IRO AD Road ls Middle Gro e QUEENSBURY Call Street n Ga n a Ro 87 LAKE LUZERNE VILLAGE OF CORINTH d 2 RALPH RD STATE FOREST a 10 ust G Gre rth o ad Rug gle sR 1 ilto Bal lard ort Ga i l r R o a d o Daniels Road MILTON oad tn R 9N Wilt An ge M alls sF Ro d 10 p k Road Dimmic H Gl e n R oa M M oad r is R e ld Wilton Ro a re An t o ne An t o ne ar GREENFIELD Brigham Road R o ad o Kin g i on A venu 0.5 ADIRONDACK PARK tn a e ne PALMERTOWN RANGE Miles 0 29 AGRICULTURAL LAND HADLEY Sta rk sR o i er Ro A ll e ad Ro Tra ad Ro 29 e W Sp s v d nes Road Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road th B roa d wa y Hy s SARATOGA SPRINGS Un ok Bro MILTON ri n R oa W ge sR LOUGHBERRY LAKE venu Lake A 29 o rs R Pa o ev 9N R oa d oad Denton R Street ngton Washi rn e o oa d o ad W ing Road 87 M in P or t e r C o WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE es d R ne Gree Louden Road ad Nor Ro a d Kin g ve R oa tn LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST fiel d P in ove Road Locust Gr G South ot Daniels Road Middle Gro d oa kR Gic 50 Old 9 o i el s R en R ll n er DANIELS RD STATE FOREST D an ad Road ad Old rn Washbu Ro R oa d Braim R fi en R ussell Ro d a Ro ad N oh R oa d a Ro og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp Ro ad Kin g 9 il t ad p en ck e ad d re th or W o Bo ck e R oa d r ad No Bo e ld Wilton Ro a e thi Clo a ad n Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R o W ing Road Hy s d le Road Fortsvil l ad lR An ge R oa d r o ve ust G Lo c Ba lla rd 87 9N sR SARATOGA COUN t ri n d R oa Sta rk sR o i er Sp d a Fa rF PALMERTOWN RANGE R oa d Ro ad ph Ra l TY SARATOGA COUN W Ro A ll e ad Ro Gre rth Ro Ga i l r R o a d o 50 ad ra t ad d o Sa R Wilt er Road e GREENFIELD Brigham Road R o ad d tock Gr e a e ne PALMERTOWN RANGE ms Co er R o a d M in LAKE BONITA M o ad Ro a a Ro WILTON Gr R ne Gree o rs R n Ga n ort Ri d ga to yR Hatcher 87 Fo l t s R on LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST ilto Bal lard o ev er MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK ad 24 C W oa d ll fiel d rn e lm Pa Ro WOODLAND LAKE 9N ad Ro we Ho en R ad P or t e r C o o ler Fu R PA el d tn ad n No 9 il t ra Sa 24 K K 9 MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el ad DS o ad W o ad C oh HU VILLAGE OF CORINTH Roa r R e thi Clo a Clark Ro d oa hR Co oad AC ND IRO AD Road ls M rF oad Butler R Call Street ath He o PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad ra t on d Road ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H ER o ad Roa tock Sa 87 RIV ER 87 LAKE BONITA QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST N RIV ath He ms Co ad Ro yR Hatcher Fo l t s R 24 er R o a d M in WA RREN COUNTY N ler Fu WOODLAND LAKE 9N ga to 10 MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK oad tn R LAKE LUZERNE CORINTH d R oa R PA el en MOREAU ra Sa ad Ro M alls sF 9N 9 O 24 K K AC ND IRO AD Road ls DS Gl e n d a WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R G a b r i el oad r is R 10 d oa hR Co CORINTH ar ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H Call Street HU H HADLEY LAKE LUZERNE VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 tn Ro a 9N 10 87 RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro d ADIRONDACK PARK QUEENSBURY Ro ad oad tn R ove Road Locust Gr M alls sF k Road Dimmic H Gl e n M M oad r is R An t o ne An t o ne HADLEY ar R ADIRONDACK PARK tn 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu Miles 0 0.5 1 2 e LOW & MEDIUM PREDICTED GROWTH SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 91 CONSERVATION/ DEVELOPMENT BALANCE LAND USE SCENARIO 2 DESCRIPTION The Conservation/Development Balance Land Use Scenario was created to show the effect of light development restrictions and moderate conservation strategies on the landscape within Southern Palmertown. This scenario builds off of the conservation areas included in Land Use Scenario 1. In addition to prohibiting development on water, wetlands, and designated conservation land, this scenario also limits development on agricultural land, parcels which may be necessary to create a trail along the Palmertown Ridge, areas where Terrestrial resilience is “Far Above Average,” and Medium and Low Predicted Growth Areas. This scenario assumes all existing Low Density Developed and Developed/Impervious land will remain unchanged. New development is allowed to occur in High Predicted Growth Areas which are not restricted by the “No Development Areas” listed above. All new development is assuming to be Developed/Impervious land. This scenario will simultaneously help accommodate a growing population while limiting sprawl, ultimately conserving much of the natural landscape in Southern Palmertown. 92 0% NO CHANGE IN AGRICULTURAL LAND 6% DECREASE IN UPLAND NATURAL HABITAT \ CHAPTER 4 \ LAND USE SCENARIOS In comparison to Scenario 1, this Conservation/ Development Balance Scenario shows less of an extreme change to the natural landscape. Due to the development framework included in this scenario, there is no change to the amount of Agricultural land in the study area. Upland Natural Habitats in Southern Palmertown decreases 6%, from 31,179 acres to 29,452 acres. Therefore, there were 1,727 acres of developable Upland Natural Habitat that also fell under the High Predicted Growth Areas. This increases the amount of Developed/Impervious land by 73% from 2,360 acres to 4,087 acres. DEVELOPMENT CONSIDERATIONS: • Minimize sprawl development, such as Low Density Developed Land Uses. • New development should be encouraged in community centers, such as Developed/ Impervious Land uses. This will limit the effects of sprawl-type development while still providing housing and other developments for the growing region. 0% CHANGE IN LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED LAND 73% INCREASE IN DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS LAND ADIRONDACK PARK oad tn R QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t HU l a Ro og r o ve d ust G Gre ad Lo c Old o lm Pa Wilt n Ga n s ilto oa rt R er d Ro er Ri d d WILTON v R o ad Ro a oo ev a Ba lla rd d nes Road Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road e ne GREENFIELD Brigham Road W Tra PALMERTOWN RANGE 87 Ga i l r R o a d o oad on R WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE R oa d P in n er ad Ro ick G 50 Old Ro ad th B roa d wa y i el s D an Rug gle sR o ad LAND USE SCENARIO 2: CONSERVATION/ DEVELOPMENT BALANCE 9 Daniels Road ve R oa d Middle Gro th or DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Nor Ro a d oa d ove Road Locust Gr Ro ad N Braim R fi G re ot Kin g d en Ro South R ussell Ro d a ad WATER AGRICULTURE Louden Road UPLAND NATURAL HABITATS LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED LOUGHBERRY LAKE DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok MILTON Bro p Ro ad es ck e e ld Wilton Ro a ad W ing Road Hy s Kin g Ro ad Bo o 50 Sc out Road 9N sR Clark Ro ge oa d l ls R ie Sp R oa d o ad Ro ad A ll e Ro Sp LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST e rth tn Gr a R ad lR An ge ll d o rs R o 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e oad ad Sta rk sR o oa d ad R ne Gree rn e r 9 il t ad en R ad P or t e r C o MAP HERE e thi Clo ra t R a rF W Sa M C i er o oh le Road Fortsvil d R oa W LAKE BONITA PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad on d n No 87 o ad d er R o a d M in fiel en ER Roa m Co k Roa st o c yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV ND ls oad 24 ath He el R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO ra Sa N K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 Ro d 87 k Road Dimmic H M Gl e n M alls sF rn Road Washbu An t o ne tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad STRONG CONSERVATION EMPHASIS LAND USE SCENARIO 3 RESOURCES PROTECTED BY SCENARIO 3 • “Above Average” Terrestrial Resilience • Groundwater Recharge (Greater than 12 Inches) • High Predicted Growth Areas that do not overlap with existing Low Density Developed Land NEW CONSIDERATIONS • Agricultural Land • Recreation Corridor Parcels • “Far Above Average” Terrestrial Resilience • Low Predicted Growth Areas INCLUDED IN SCENARIOS 1 & 2 • Medium Predicted Growth Areas • Water and Wetland Features • Conservation Land ASSUMPTIONS: The following assumptions were made when determining Land Use Scenario 3: • Development of a trail from Moreau Lake State Park and Daniels Road State Forest is possible • Existing Low Density Development land uses will remain where these uses do not overlap with high predicted growth areas • Existing Developed/Impervious land uses will remain 94 \ CHAPTER 4 \ LAND USE SCENARIOS • New growth is focused in “High” predicted growth areas that overlap with existing “Low Density Development” land uses • New growth will be “Developed/ Impervious” land uses ph Ra l TY t a Ro ad Ro Old rn Washbu ad ge k Road Dimmic s v d nes Road Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Tra Ro ad es P in th B roa d wa y Nor Ro ad Rug gle sR o ad ph t ri n a Ro tn r o ve ust G PALMERTOWN RANGE GREENFIELD Wilt Brigham Road Road ge ort a Ro d WILTON er Ro lm er Ri d d a Ba lla rd 87 Ro ad Kin g WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE R oa d P in d o ad 9 Old o i el s R D an Nor ve R oa n er DANIELS RD STATE FOREST d oa kR Gic 50 Louden Road ad th B roa d wa y Ro ad Middle Gro th or Rug gle sR oa d Braim R G re ot Ro a d Kin g 50 Ro ad Sc out Road oad on R N Daniels Road LOUGHBERRY LAKE oad Denton R 87 venue 29 Lake A Bro ok Ro ad 2 MILTON e Ro a o ev Ga i l r R o a d o d en fi Wilton Ro a d South R ussell Ro d a e a ld R o W ing Road ys p ad k Road Dimmic nes Road Pi Northern R o ad o o ad 1 ilt Bal lard v e ne Clark Ro ad Old W oa d o ad oad es sR Rug gle sR 0.5 Pa an on G Tra A ll e o s en R LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST Lo c a 9 il t Parkhu rst Road Ro d o rs R ad Ro Ro W ra t rn Washbu o ad ad rn e ad og ad R r Sa d oh le Road Fortsvil l oa d l ls R ie e thi Clo a Sp rF Miles 0 Road og ie Sp oa d Braim R Ra l sR o i er o ll Fa R ne Gree ga to yR Hatcher 87 Fo l t s R PALMERTOWN RANGE Ro Gre R oa d es SARATOGA SPRINGS Un le Road Fortsvil l oa d l ls R lR An ge r o ve Lo c ad Ro ok d R oa Sta rk Road MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK ad LAKE BONITA ad W ad Ro rth Ro ad Ro 9N H GROUNDWATER RECHARGE (>12 INCHES) tock fiel d P or t e r C o WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE LOUGHBERRY LAKE i on A venu ler Sp s v d nes Road Pi Northern Tra er R o a d P in th B roa d wa y Nor 29 ove Road Locust Gr G South SARATOGA COUN Road rn Washbu Old ge R oa d Braim R ad Ro ok Street ngton Washi ra Sa ad en MOREAU O 24 ms Co Louden Road ad venue 29 Lake A DS d R oa Fu lR a Ro og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp Parkhu rst Road 50 oad Denton R Bro 29 H TY le Road Fortsvil l ad lR An ge R oa d r o ve ust G Lo c ove Road Locust Gr ad Ro ick 50 87 MILTON HU WOODLAND LAKE 9N n Ro ad Sc out Road 9 Co n er G Old o i el s R D an d oa hR R PA el M in Kin g 9 d ust G d fi en R ussell Ro d a Ro ad ot Ro a d Kin g t ri n d R oa Sta rk sR o i er Sp d fi en G South R ussell Ro d a Ro ad ot Ro a d ve R oa oad Butler R Call Street An ge Ro ad ph Ra l TY SARATOGA COUN W Ro A ll e ad Ro Gre rth lm Ba lla rd 87 DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road Middle Gro th or ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H ad Kin g K 87 LAKE LUZERNE ad H N QUEENSBURY 24 K ad ck e ad re W ing Road ys p Clark Ro No d 2 RALPH RD STATE FOREST Bo ck e Wilton Ro a d 1 e oad tn R VILLAGE OF CORINTH Ri d oad on R Bo e a ld R o M alls sF G a b r i el d a Ga i l r R o a d o o 0.5 R a Ro er 9N sR Miles 0 29 M ort d Ro Louden Road on Wilt o ev WILTON er e i on A venu e GREENFIELD Brigham Road R o ad d oa kR Gic 50 LOUGHBERRY LAKE Gr e ne R oa d n er o ad PALMERTOWN RANGE Ro a WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE ER o ad ilt Bal lard th or SARATOGA SPRINGS Un 9N C W e a an on G 50 Ro ad RIV Pa Gr o rs R o oa d LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST R ne Gree rn e 9 il t tn Ba lla rd 87 N W ad fiel d d ad Ro we Ho C en R Gl e n d o ad ad Ro we Ho oh oad r is R Roa r PALMERTOWN RANGE ll Fa ar oad AC ND IRO AD Road ls R e thi Clo a ad P or t e r C o ad ra t M rF Sa a ad venu Lake A ath He o o i el s R 29 WA RREN COUNTY 87 on Road tn ad Ro yR Hatcher o ad d er R o a d tock ga to ER Roa ms Co 29 RIV ath He el MOREAU LAKE Fo l t s R LAKE BONITA Ro oad Denton R Street ngton Washi 10 24 d Kin g Old D an CORINTH ad N a ra Sa WOODLAND LAKE n No MOREAU N Ro er Ri d er DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Ro WA RREN COUNTY ler Fu lm Sc out Road 9 d 9 MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA 9N ve R oa 10 O 24 K K DS Ro a WILTON ADIRONDACK PARK 87 d oa hR d R oa G a b r i el d ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H Co HU ad (ABOVE AVERAGE) oad Butler R VILLAGE OF CORINTH Clark Ro TERRESTRIAL RESILIENCE LAKE LUZERNE CORINTH AC ND IRO AD Road ls Middle Gro HADLEY Call Street oad d 87 RALPH RD STATE FOREST a 10 R oa 2 QUEENSBURY 9N n Ga n a Ro oad on R Daniels Road e oad tn R Ro d 10 p k Road Dimmic H M alls sF e ld M M Gl e n Sta rk sR o i er Sp Ro A ll e ad o ad Rug gle sR 1 ilto Bal lard ort Ga i l r R o a d o d Wilton Ro a re An t o ne An t o ne oad r is R Wilt R o ad o MILTON ADIRONDACK PARK ar GREENFIELD Brigham Road Bro ad Ro i on A venu 0.5 (FROM SCENARIOS 1 & 2) tn a e ne PALMERTOWN RANGE Miles 0 29 PREVIOUSLY ELIMINATED HADLEY o rs R W ing Road Hy s SARATOGA SPRINGS Un ok 29 e W o ad Ro Gre sR LOUGHBERRY LAKE venu Lake A 29 Street ngton Washi rn e Pa o ev 9N R oa d oad Denton R Bro MILTON en P or t e r C o o oa d LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST R ne Gree rth No WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE es d en R ll fiel d Louden Road 87 M in en P in Nor ot Ro a d Kin g ve R oa d oa kR Gic 50 Old ad th B roa d wa y o i el s R tn ad n er 9 Daniels Road Middle Gro ri n R oa W ge s v d nes Road Pi Northern Tra Ro ad Kin g DANIELS RD STATE FOREST D an ad Road ad Old rn Washbu Ro R oa d ove Road Locust Gr G South Ro ad N Braim R fi en R ussell Ro d a d re th or oh n Ro ad Sc out Road 9 il t ad ad p 50 ck e ck e R oa d W Bo Bo e ld Wilton Ro a o ad R oa d a Ro og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp Parkhu rst Road Ba lla rd 87 oad on R o W ing Road Hy s d le Road Fortsvil l ad lR An ge R oa d r o ve ust G Lo c a 9N sR SARATOGA COUN t ri n d R oa Sta rk sR o i er d Ro r PALMERTOWN RANGE R oa d Ro ad ph Ra l TY SARATOGA COUN W rth Gre Ro ad A ll e Ro Sp Wilt er Ga i l r R o a d o e thi Clo a e GREENFIELD Brigham Road R o ad Fa rF Gr e a e ne PALMERTOWN RANGE d WILTON o ad o ad Ro a Road ad ra t R LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST Gr o rs R n Ga n d tock Sa M ll ilto Bal lard a Ro ms Co er R o a d M in C W oa d ort Ri d ad Ro we Ho C en R o ev er LAKE BONITA on ad ad Ro we Ho oh R ne Gree rn e lm Pa ad fiel d P or t e r C o o o ad tn ad No 9 il t ad Ro ER W o ga to yR Hatcher 87 Fo l t s R 24 d r MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK ad WOODLAND LAKE 9N el Roa e thi Clo a K Ro ler Fu R PA AC ND IRO AD Road ls R rF ad ra Sa 24 ath He o Clark Ro 9 MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el oad K PALMERTOWN RANGE n en ad ra t M Road Sa on d Fa LAKE BONITA DS RIV 87 o ad Roa tock HU N ER ath He ms Co yR Hatcher Fo l t s R 24 er R o a d M in oad Butler R d oa hR Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 WOODLAND LAKE 9N ad Ro RIV ler Fu ad Ro R PA el ga to 87 ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H Call Street CORINTH MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST LAKE LUZERNE WA RREN COUNTY ra Sa N K K AC ND IRO AD Road ls MOREAU O 24 oad tn R 9N 9 d R oa G a b r i el M alls sF a WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R DS Gl e n d 10 d oa hR Co CORINTH oad r is R ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H Call Street HU ar H HADLEY LAKE LUZERNE VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 tn Ro a 9N 10 87 RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro d ADIRONDACK PARK QUEENSBURY Ro ad oad tn R ove Road Locust Gr M alls sF k Road Dimmic H Gl e n M M oad r is R An t o ne An t o ne HADLEY ar R ADIRONDACK PARK tn 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu Miles 0 0.5 1 2 e HIGH PREDICTED GROWTH (NOT OVERLAPPING WITH EXISTING LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED LAND) SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 95 STRONG CONSERVATION EMPHASIS LAND USE SCENARIO 3 DESCRIPTION The Strong Conservation Emphasis Land Use Scenario was created to show the effect conservation- and recreation-oriented and forestry-based economic development and strong conservation-oriented land use strategies may have on the landscape within Southern Palmertown. This scenario builds off of the conservation areas included in Land Use Scenarios 1 and 2. In addition to managing development on previously listed land uses, this scenario prohibits development on lands of “Above Average” terrestrial resilience and where the capacity for groundwater recharge is greater than 12 inches on average. This scenario focuses on conserving all existing open space land uses and densifying existing developed land uses. Any new development, which is assumed to be “Developed/ Impervious” uses, is assumed to occur where High Predicted Growth Areas overlap with Existing “Low Density Developed” land. Areas which are likely to develop in this scenario include: former McGregor prison, areas around Exits 16 and 17, Woodland lake, edges along Routes 9, 9N and Corinth, and major East-West corridors such as Denton Road, Daniels Road, Wilton Road, Brigham Road, Greene Road, and Spier Falls Road. This scenario assumes all existing Developed/ Impervious land will remain unchanged. All new development is assumed to be Developed/ Impervious land. New development is concentrated in High Predicted Growth Areas that overlap with Existing “Low Density Developed” land. This practice will reduce sprawl, ultimately conserving the existing landscape in Southern Palmertown. • Reduced new sprawl development, such as Low Density Developed Land Uses. 96 In comparison to Scenarios 1 and 2, this Strong Conservation Emphasis Scenario has no change to the natural landscape. Therefore, there is no change to the amount of Agricultural land or the Upland Natural Habitat in the study area. In this scenario, the amount of Low Density Developed land drops from 5,312 acres to 3,890 acres, a 27% decrease and the amount of Developed/Impervious land grows from 2,360 acres to 3,782 acres, a 60% increase. DEVELOPMENT CONSIDERATIONS: • Densify existing development (converting some Low Density Developed Land to Developed/Impervious Land). • Encourage conservation- and recreationoriented economic development, including sustainable forestry, tourism and trails. 0% NO CHANGE IN AGRICULTURAL LAND 27% DECREASE IN LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED LAND 0% NO CHANGE IN UPLAND NATURAL HABITAT 60% INCREASE IN DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS LAND \ CHAPTER 4 \ LAND USE SCENARIOS ADIRONDACK PARK oad tn R QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t HU l a Ro og r o ve d ust G Gre ad Lo c Old o lm Pa Wilt n Ga n s ilto oa rt R er d Ro er Ri d d WILTON v R o ad Ro a oo ev a Ba lla rd d nes Road Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road e ne GREENFIELD Brigham Road W Tra PALMERTOWN RANGE 87 Ga i l r R o a d o oad on R WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE R oa d P in n er ad Ro ick G 50 Old Ro ad th B roa d wa y i el s D an Rug gle sR o ad LAND USE SCENARIO 3: STRONG CONSERVATION EMPHASIS 9 Daniels Road ve R oa d Middle Gro th or DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Nor Ro a d oa d ove Road Locust Gr Ro ad N Braim R fi G re ot Kin g d en Ro South R ussell Ro d a ad WATER AGRICULTURE Louden Road UPLAND NATURAL HABITATS LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED LOUGHBERRY LAKE DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS oad Denton R 87 Ro ad venue 29 Lake A ok MILTON Bro p Ro ad es ck e e ld Wilton Ro a ad W ing Road Hy s Kin g Ro ad Bo o 50 Sc out Road 9N sR Clark Ro ge oa d l ls R ie Sp R oa d o ad Ro ad A ll e Ro Sp LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST e rth tn Gr a R ad lR An ge ll d o rs R o 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e oad ad Sta rk sR o oa d ad R ne Gree rn e r 9 il t ad en R ad P or t e r C o MAP HERE e thi Clo ra t R a rF W Sa M C i er o oh le Road Fortsvil d R oa W LAKE BONITA PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad on d n No 87 o ad d er R o a d M in fiel en ER Roa m Co k Roa st o c yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV ND ls oad 24 ath He el R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO ra Sa N K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 Ro d 87 k Road Dimmic H M Gl e n M alls sF rn Road Washbu An t o ne tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad LAND USE SCENARIO SUMMARY The three Land Use Scenarios estimate how certain development practices and conservation strategies may effect the future of the Southern Palmertown landscape. Table 6 includes a summary of the percent and acreage changes within each Land Use Scenario. Additional graphics provide a visual representation of the change in acreage as well as Key Takeaways from this analysis. Table 5 gives an overview of the Conservation Areas within each Land Use Scenario. A sideby-side comparison of the Existing Land Use Map as well as all three Land Use Scenarios is supplied on the adjacent page. This analysis will be used in conjunction with the outcomes from the public engagement strategies, conservation analysis, and recreation analysis to determine appropriate recommendations within Southern Palmertown. Table 5: Considerations Used for Scenarios AREAS OF CONSIDERATION SCENARIO 1 SCENARIO 2 SCENARIO 3 SUBURBAN CONSERVATION/ STRONG SPRAWL GROWTH DEVELOPMENT CONSERVATION PATTERN BALANCE EMPHASIS 98 Water & Wetlands Conservation Land Agricultural Land Ridge Trail Parcels “Far Above Average” Terrestrial Resilience “Above Average” Terrestrial Resilience Groundwater Recharge (Greater than 12 Inches) Low Predicted Growth Areas Medium Predicted Growth Areas High Predicted Growth Areas (Not overlapping with Existing Low Density Developed Land) \ CHAPTER 4 \ LAND USE SCENARIOS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ph Ra l TY t a Ro ad Ro ad rn Washbu Old Clark Ro ge s lm er d WILTON v Ro a Ba lla rd 87 Tra er Ri d d d nes Road Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road Ro a a Ro 50 Ro ad Sc out Road Ro ad Kin g WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE es R oa d P in o i el s R d Rug gle sR o ad Old D an d oa kR Gic 50 WATER AGRICULTURE Louden Road ad Nor ve R oa LAND USE SCENARIO 1: SUBURBAN SPRAWL GROWTH PATTERN 9 Daniels Road Middle Gro n er DANIELS RD STATE FOREST th B roa d wa y G South N th or UPLAND NATURAL HABITATS LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED LOUGHBERRY LAKE DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS oad Denton R 87 MILTON 0 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un 29 Street ngton Washi 29 e Miles venue 29 Lake A ad 2 EXISTING LAND USES oad k Road Dimmic ie Sp d oa d R oa re Ro 1 n Ga n ort oad on R ok 0.5 ilto Bal lard o ev Ga i l r R o a d o d Braim R fi e ld Wilton Ro a en R ussell Ro d a p ad Ro Road og ad oa d l ls R lR r o ve ust G Lo c Wilt R o ad Miles 0 29 le Road Fortsvil l Sta rk sR o i er Sp Ro A ll e ad d GREENFIELD Bro ok Bro 29 e e ne PALMERTOWN RANGE Brigham Road Ro ad Hy s DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu a ot LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED Ro a d th B roa d wa y Ro ad venu Lake A 29 W o ad W ing Road UPLAND NATURAL HABITATS LOUGHBERRY LAKE Pa o AGRICULTURE Louden Road oad Denton R Street ngton Washi o rs R o ad Rug gle sR WATER 87 MILTON rn e o oa d LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST Ro Gre rth sR Kin g d tn 9N es d oa kR Gic 50 Old ad Nor ve R oa en R ll R ne Gree P or t e r C o R oa d P in ove Road Locust Gr G South ot Kin g Middle Gro ri n R oa W ge s v d nes Road Pi Northern Tra Ro ad No WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE EXISTING LAND USES o i el s R oh fiel d n er 9 D an ad Road ad Old rn Washbu Ro R oa d Braim R fi en R ussell Ro d a Ro ad N An ge a Ro og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp Parkhu rst Road Kin g DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road Ro a d p en 9 il t ad ad d re th or W o ad ck e ck e R oa d r Bo Bo e ld Wilton Ro a W ing Road Hy s d le Road Fortsvil l ad lR An ge R oa d r o ve ust G Lo c oad on R o e thi Clo a ad n Ro ad Sc out Road 9N sR SARATOGA COUN t ri n d R oa Sta rk sR o i er Sp d Ba lla rd 87 rF PALMERTOWN RANGE R oa d Ro ad ph Ra l TY SARATOGA COUN W Ro A ll e ad Ro Gre rth a Fa o ad Ro Ga i l r R o a d o 50 ad ra t R er d Sa M Wilt d LAKE BONITA e GREENFIELD Brigham Road R o ad Roa tock ga to yR Hatcher 87 Fo l t s R Gr e a e ne PALMERTOWN RANGE ms Co er R o a d M in MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK ad on o ad Ro a Ri d d WILTON Gr R ne Gree o rs R n Ga n a Ro Ro 24 C LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST ilto Bal lard ort ler Fu WOODLAND LAKE 9N ad Ro we Ho W oa d o ev er ra Sa d R oa R PA el d en R ll fiel d rn e lm Pa ad C oh ad P or t e r C o o ad n No 9 il t tn K 9 MOREAU O o ad W o ad DS 24 Roa r R e thi Clo a HU VILLAGE OF CORINTH G a b r i el AC ND IRO AD Road ls M rF Clark Ro d oa hR Co ath He o oad Butler R Call Street oad K PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad ra t on d Road ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H ER o ad Roa tock Sa 87 RIV ER 87 LAKE BONITA QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST N RIV ath He ms Co ad Ro yR Hatcher Fo l t s R 24 er R o a d M in WA RREN COUNTY N ler Fu WOODLAND LAKE 9N ga to 10 MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK oad tn R LAKE LUZERNE CORINTH d R oa R PA el en MOREAU ra Sa ad Ro M alls sF 9N 9 O 24 K K AC ND IRO AD Road ls DS Gl e n d a WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R G a b r i el oad r is R 10 d oa hR Co CORINTH ar ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H Call Street HU H HADLEY LAKE LUZERNE VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 tn Ro a 9N 10 87 RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro d ADIRONDACK PARK QUEENSBURY Ro ad oad tn R ove Road Locust Gr M alls sF k Road Dimmic H Gl e n M M oad r is R An t o ne An t o ne HADLEY ar R ADIRONDACK PARK tn i on A venu 0.5 1 2 e SUBURBAN SPRAWL GROWTH PATTERN LAND USE SCENARIO 1 ph Ra l t ri n l a Ro CONSERVATION/ DEVELOPMENT BALANCE oad Clark Ro ad Ro ad rn Washbu Old ge v Tra er er Ri d k Road Dimmic d Ro lm d a Ba lla rd d nes Road Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road a Ro WILTON 87 50 Ro ad Sc out Road Ro ad Kin g WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE es R oa d P in d oa kR Gic 50 ad Rug gle sR o ad LAND USE SCENARIO 3: STRONG CONSERVATION EMPHASIS Old Nor d n er 9 o i el s R D an th B roa d wa y Ro ad ve R oa th or DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road Middle Gro WATER AGRICULTURE Louden Road UPLAND NATURAL HABITATS LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED LOUGHBERRY LAKE DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS oad Denton R 87 2 MILTON e Ro a ort oad on R oa d Braim R G re venue 29 Lake A ad 1 ilt Bal lard o ev Ga i l r R o a d o N Ro 0.5 an on G s Wilt R o ad d en fi Wilton Ro a d South R ussell Ro d a e a ld R o ot p ad Ro Road og ad oa d l ls R ie Sp e ne GREENFIELD Brigham Road Miles 0 le Road Fortsvil d R oa lR r o ve ust G Lo c PALMERTOWN RANGE ok SARATOGA SPRINGS Un Hy s Ro a d DEVELOPED/IMPERVIOUS Pa W o o ad LOW DENSITY DEVELOPED LOUGHBERRY LAKE LAND USE SCENARIO 2 a Bro ad Ro ok Bro 29 o oa d o ad W ing Road UPLAND NATURAL HABITATS i on A venu o rs R AGRICULTURE Louden Road Kin g th B roa d wa y ad venue 29 Lake A 29 Sta rk sR o i er d sR WATER oad Denton R Street ngton Washi en R Sp Ro A ll e Gre R oa d Rug gle sR ad Ro ick 50 87 MILTON tn 9N es ove Road Locust Gr d rn e 9 il t LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST R ne Gree ad v Ro ad P or t e r C o WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE LAND USE SCENARIO 2: CONSERVATION/ DEVELOPMENT BALANCE G Old Nor ve R oa n er 9 o i el s R D an oh fiel d rth en P in oa d Braim R fi en G South R ussell Ro d a Ro ad ot Ro a d Kin g 50 Ro ad Sc out Road Kin g DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road Middle Gro th or W ad p N o ad ck e ad re W ing Road Hy s d r Bo ck e Wilton Ro a d e thi Clo a ad ll Fa n No Bo e a ld R o rF PALMERTOWN RANGE Ro Ba lla rd 87 oad on R o ad W ad ge a d nes Road Pi Northern Tra Ro 9N sR H TY Road Ro Old rn Washbu ad R s Lo c er An ge a Ro og ie R oa d r o ve ust G d le Road Fortsvil l oa d l ls R lR An ge Sp Parkhu rst Road sR o i er Sp Ro A ll e ad Ro Gre rth d Ga i l r R o a d o er R o a d ad ra t ad M in o Sa R Wilt lm d Road e GREENFIELD Brigham Road R o ad a Ro tock Gr e a e ne Ro a ort WILTON Gr o rs R PALMERTOWN RANGE ilt Bal lard o ev ms Co LAKE BONITA M W oa d o ad el ga to yR Hatcher 87 Fo l t s R 24 Ri d MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK ad WOODLAND LAKE 9N C en R LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST R ne Gree rn e Pa an on G er Ro R PA ad Ro we Ho C oh ad P or t e r C o o ler Fu on tn ad ad Ro we Ho No 9 il t ad ll Fa fiel d SARATOGA COUN t ri n d R oa Sta rk ad W W K ra Sa o ad o K ad 9 MOREAU O 24 d r R e thi Clo a Clark Ro DS d R oa G a b r i el oad AC ND IRO AD Road ls M d rF PALMERTOWN RANGE n en ad ra t d oa hR Co HU VILLAGE OF CORINTH Roa o Sa on Roa Road oad Butler R Call Street ath He LAKE BONITA ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H ER 87 Fo l t s R o ad ath He er R o a d tock yR Hatcher 87 RIV ER ad 24 ms Co ad Ro 10 WOODLAND LAKE 9N ga to RIV Ro QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST LAKE LUZERNE CORINTH MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK oad tn R 9N R oa d Ro ad ph Ra l TY SARATOGA COUN N ler Fu M alls sF N ra Sa d R oa R PA el M in MOREAU O 24 K K d 9 Co G a b r i el AC ND IRO AD Road ls d oa hR DS Gl e n WA RREN COUNTY WA RREN COUNTY Call Street CORINTH oad r is R 10 oad Butler R HU ar ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 tn HADLEY a a 9N 10 87 Ro Ro d ADIRONDACK PARK QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST R oad tn R ove Road Locust Gr M alls sF k Road Dimmic H Gl e n M M oad r is R An t o ne An t o ne ar Ro ad ADIRONDACK PARK tn HADLEY 29 Street ngton Washi 29 SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu Miles 0 0.5 1 2 e STRONG CONSERVATION EMPHASIS LAND USE SCENARIO 3 SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 99 Table 6: Comparison of Land Use Scenario Acreage Changes SCENARIO 1 EXISTING SUBURBAN SPRAWL LAND USE GROWTH PATTERN Water Agricultural Land Upland Natural Habitat Low Density Developed Developed/ Impervious Acreage Acreage 692 692 Percent Change 0% 887 88 31,179 SCENARIO 2 CONSERVATION/ DEVELOPMENT BALANCE 692 Percent Change 0% -90.1% 887 12,600 -59.6% 5,312 24,690 2,360 2,360 SCENARIO 3 STRONG CONSERVATION EMPHASIS 692 Percent Change 0% 0% 887 0% 29,452 -5.5% 31,179 0% +364.8% 5,312 0% 3,890 -26.8% 0% 4,087 +73.2% 3,782 +60.3% Acreage Acreage Land Use Scenario Acreage Comparison* Existing Land Use Scenario 1: Low Density Development High Density Developed Scenario 2: Conservation/Development LAND USES Scenario 3: Conservation Low Density Developed Upland Natural Habitat Agricultural Land 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 ACRES *Water was not included in the graphic as it remains the same across all alternatives 100 \ CHAPTER 4 \ LAND USE SCENARIOS LAND USE SCENARIO KEY TAKEAWAYS SCENARIO 1 SUBURBAN SPRAWL GROWTH PATTERN • Low Density Development Patterns • Lose 60% of Upland Natural Habitat • Minimal Conservation Strategies • Lose 90% of Agricultural Land SCENARIO 2 CONSERVATION/DEVELOPMENT BALANCE • Moderate High Density Development Patterns • Lose 6% of Upland Natural Habitat • Moderate Conservation Strategies • No change in Agricultural Land SCENARIO 3 STRONG CONSERVATION EMPHASIS • Strategic High Density Development Patterns • Strong Conservation Strategies • No change in Upland Natural Habitat or Agricultural Land SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 101 woag - 003mm2mo_ rmsa Three recommendations sections and maps were developed to highlight specific recommendations as well as best practices and policies related to: Conservation Recreation $ Economic Development This study demonstrates that the land and communities along the Palmertown Ridge serve an important role as the ecological, cultural, agricultural and recreational connection between the Adirondack Park, the upper Hudson River Valley, and the Green Mountains National Forest. The greatest potential for capitalizing on these values in a meaningful way will be realized when community members and stakeholders invest in and work collaboratively towards the unified goal of a thriving natural resource-based recreational economy. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 103 Hudson River North of the Town of Moreau INTRODUCTION This Plan provides ample evidence of this region’s potential as a conservation and recreation-based economy. When managed according to the recommendations of this Plan the forests of the Palmertown Range can serve as a reliable economic engine for the community by providing forest products such as maple syrup, timber products like paper or lumber, and artisan woodcrafts. The myriad of charismatic ecosystems, flora, and fauna found in the Palmertown Range can serve as an economic and quality of life asset for the community by providing place-based recreation unique to the location relative to the Adirondacks, the Green Mountains, and the Hudson River. Simultaneously, intentional management of these resources can provide fresh, clean drinking water while also protecting the local communities from the adverse effects of climate change by protecting habitats and ecosystems that are climate change resilient. 104 \ CHAPTER 5 \ MAKING THE CONNECTION The area’s wetlands, aquifer, and stream corridors are significant resources for local water supplies including the watersheds for Saratoga Springs, Wilton, and Corinth, as well as the Snook Kill, Kayaderosseras, Saratoga Lake, pure Hudson River water that supplies Saratoga County and the Global Foundries nanotechnology site in Malta. In addition, the Hudson River also provides a significant clean energy source at the Spier Falls dam, further demonstrating the long term value of ensuring a sustainable approach to the area’s future. Ideally, the lands in the study area will be seen as a significant resource to capitalize on for both their conservation and recreation potential to support a sustainable local economy. This Plan aims to utilize recreation opportunities as a catalyst for land conservation. Tourism and recreation activities driven by conservation practices are key components to the area’s success. The following recommendations are key steps to move forward in this direction. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN GUIDANCE COMMITTEE A Southern Palmertown Guidance Committee should be formed to advise, support, and oversee the implementation of this plan by local partners and government agencies. The goal of this Committee is to ensure that the recommendations from this plan are implemented. The most important function of the Committee is to keep the network of partners engaged in the implementation of their respective recommendations and adapt the implementation strategy to meet the needs of the partner groups. To establish a functioning committee, the following will need to take place: Identify a lead local agency, such as Saratoga PLAN, to house the Committee and guide the initial framework until the Committee can operate independently. The core Committee - whose initial membership will be comprised of a representatives from the client group of this master plan in addition to local municipal leaders, local landowners, and businesses who are representative of the area. The core Committee will reach out to these owners and businesses and activate them as: a) committee members; or b) community thought partners, depending on interest. The committee will commence an inaugural meeting by the end of 2018 to review the recommendations from this plan and outline the roles, expectations and anticipated scheduling and/or phasing of implementation. The Committee will meet at regular intervals to review the progress of the plan’s implementation and adjust or make recommendations according to need. The Committee will oversee the next steps for the plan, the most important of which is the development of a cohesive strategy for branding and wayfinding throughout the Southern Palmertown. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 105 CONSERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS POLICIES AND BEST PRACTICES • Create a connected and protected landscape of forests, agricultural lands, and significant natural communities which results in a region that is able to adapt to climate change and protect an important area for groundwater recharge. • Adopt this Plan as a compliment to each local community’s current comprehensive plan. Present plan to planning boards and encourage planning boards to compare development proposals to Plan and to seek perspective of conservation organizations on site plans. Cultivate and train active citizens to monitor and/or serve on town and planning boards in their home town and to advocate for conservation and outdoor recreation in the southern Palmertown area. • Review and amend local zoning codes to align sustainable economic development with long-term conservation values. 106 \ CHAPTER 5 \ MAKING THE CONNECTION • Work with landowners and developers to identify key habitat locations and conservation opportunities. • Build consensus among adjacent communities and business leaders that the watershed value and economic potential afforded by extensive natural lands are vital to the continued vibrancy of our locales. • Conduct education and advocacy programs on public lands or land controlled by land trusts. • Identify appropriate economic activities and public recreation uses for individual conservation areas that enhance the landscape without negatively affecting natural resources SPECIFIC CONSERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION STEPS ACQUIRE LAND OR SECURE CONSERVATION EASEMENTS BASED ON THE PRIORITIES IDENTIFIED IN THIS PLAN. LAND TRUSTS LOCAL GOVERNMENT • Establish relationships with key landowners and offer conservation options. • Identify and secure funding sources and grants: • Environmental Protection Fund (EPF), • Federal and State funding for farmland Purchase of Development Rights (PDR) easements, • NYS Conservation Partnership Program, • County Open Space Fund, and • Open Space Institute Small Grants Program. • Complete the transaction-related due diligence. • Integrate the recommendations of this Plan into appropriate open space and management plans. BUSINESSES/COMMERCIAL • Consult with land trusts and local government on regional conservation priorities during review of development proposals in order to incorporate goals. • Sponsorship/philanthropic adoption of nonprofit land acquisitions that protect watershed lands. • Contact local land trusts to gauge interest prior to sales of excess lands. • Using this Plan as a base, engage and coordinate in master planning and conservation planning. • Provide matching funds for grants for conservation efforts with cash or in-kind services. • Sponsor or coordinate educational opportunities to teach about the importance of forest protection. • Familiarize Planning Boards with the Plan and use the Plan to guide review and recommendations of development proposals. LANDOWNERS • Reach out to local land trusts to indicate interest in protecting land and to learn about conservation and estate planning options. • Develop succession plan for property prioritizing land conservation. • Work with local land trusts, New York Forest Owners Assoc. (NYFOA), Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCD), and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) to develop land management plans that integrate into the recommendations from this initiative. • Collaborate on an open space and conservation plan in coordination with local governments and land trusts. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 107 ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN A COMMUNITY FOREST WITHIN THE STUDY AREA. LAND TRUSTS, LOCAL GOVERNMENT & EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS • Identify joint roles in Community Forest project and enter into framework memorandum of understanding (MOU). • Establish an overseeing Community Forest Committee for long term sustainable land use management. • Search for and identify appropriate property in collaboration with the Community Forest Committee. • Identify and secure funding sources and grants: • County Open Space Fund, • Environmental Protection Fund (EPF) Parks Open Space Funding, • Federal Community Forest Fund, and • NYS Conservation Partnership Program. • Forestry education program on site. • Acquire property and do transactionrelated due diligence. • Develop and implement long term sustainable management plan. LANDOWNERS • Support project at planning board and other town meetings. • Participate as Committee member or volunteer for ongoing management of Community Forest. BUSINESSES/COMMERCIAL • Support through business sponsorship of specific programs and employee volunteer days. • Identify and implement ways to financially benefit from the community forest. ONGOING CONSERVATION EDUCATION, PROGRAMMING, AND/OR ADVOCACY. LAND TRUSTS & LOCAL GOVERNMENT • In collaboration with local and county governments and steered by the Guidance Committee, hire a person to direct the long term implementation of the plan within Southern Palmertown. • Provide training to local planning and zoning officials about key conservation issues in the area. 108 \ CHAPTER 5 \ MAKING THE CONNECTION • Continue leading tours, educational events, and media outreach to create a ‘conservation culture’ within local communities. LANDOWNERS & BUSINESSES/ COMMERCIAL • Participate in conservation education, programming, and advocacy events. COLLABORATE WITH LOCAL SCHOOLS, ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS, AND SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS TO DEVELOP A STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM FOR THE LOCAL LANDSCAPE. LAND TRUSTS & LOCAL GOVERNMENT • Develop stewardship programs within the study that reflect the values of this Plan. • Identify appropriate projects and lands. • Provide access to lands for identified stewardship projects. • Outreach to local schools, academic institutions, and service organizations for interest in stewardship programs and projects. • Develop monitoring and evaluation tools to determine success of stewardship programs. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS & COMMUNITY PARTNERS • Provide opportunities for student led research projects, field trips, learning expeditions and outdoor eduction initiatives. • Skidmore College, School districts, Adirondack Community College, Friends of Kaydeross, Adirondack Mountain Club, Friends of Moreau Lake State Park, Friends of Grants Cottage, Wilton Historical Society, Greenfield Historical Society, Saratoga Stryders, Saratoga Back Country Horsemen, Saratoga Lake Association, Audubon, Local and Regional Hunting and Snowmobile Clubs, Boy Scout Troops, etc. A GRAPHICALLY LINKED COMPREHENSIVE INTERPRETIVE PLAN SHOULD BE COMPLETED TO TELL THE STORY OF THIS PLACE. • The steering committee should seek planning funding to develop: 1. A comprehensive interpretive plan for the region, and; 2. Wayfinding and branding standards. • Coordination between the municipalities will be essential. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 109 ADIRONDACK PARK An t o ne H M tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R QUEENSBURY Ro RALPH RD THE RECOMMENDED CONSERVATION LANDS d STATE FOREST 9N WERE DETERMINED BASED ON THECONSERVATION PRIORITY ANALYSIS CONDUCTED IN CHAPTER 3. THE LANDS SHOWN HERE ARE OF HIGH AND MEDIUM PRIORITY FOR CONSERVATION AND, IF CONSERVED, LAKE LUZERNE WOULD CREATE A CONNECTED LANDSCAPE OF CONSERVATION LAND WITHIN SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN 87 ph Ro ad a TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY Call Street t ri n HU l ge k Road Dimmic s Ro a d a Ba lla rd d v er Ro Ri d d WILTON Tra Ro ad es n er Ro 87 Kin g o ad ad Ro ick G 50 Old EXISTING CONSERVATION LAND n Road HIGHER LoudePRIORITY LOUGHBERRY LAKE LOWER PRIORITY Bro ok Ro ad venue 29 Lake A 29 29 WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE RECOMMENDED CONSERVATION LAND oad Denton R Street ngton Washi Ro ad R oa d CONSERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS 87 MILTON 50 Sc out Road ad th B roa d wa y i el s D an SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e Clark Ro ad rn Road Washbu Old nes Road Bal lard Pi Northern Parkhu rst Road th or 9 Nor Ro a d Kin g n Ga n oa rt R er oad on R oa d ove Road Locust Gr Ro ad ilto DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road ve R oa d Middle Gro W oo ev Ga i l r R o a d o N Braim R fi en G South R ussell Ro d a ad d re ot R o ad PALME RTO RANG WN E ck e p lm Pa Rug gle sR Wilt Bo Ro Wilton Ro a ad e ne GREENFIELD o e ld o P in Lo c PALMERTOWN RANGE Brigham Road W ing Road Hy s a Ro og oa d l ls R ie Sp r o ve ust G d rth Gre Ro R oa d o ad e ad A ll e Ro Sp LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST 9N sR tn Gr a ad ad lR An ge ll d o rs R o oad Ro Sta rk sR o oa d ad R ne Gree rn e r 9 il t ad en R ad P or t e r C o MAP HERE e thi Clo ra t R a rF W Sa M C i er o oh le Road Fortsvil d R oa W LAKE BONITA PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad on d n No 87 o ad d er R o a d M in fiel en ER Roa m Co k Roa st o c yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV ND ls oad 24 ath He el R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO ra Sa N K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 oad Butler R d oa hR R 10 Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad Page left intentionally blank SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION RECREATION STRATEGY /111 RECREATION RECOMMENDATIONS POLICIES AND BEST PRACTICES • Promote year round non-motorized trail recreation, complimented by snowmobiling in designated areas in the winter. • Coordinate with the Saratoga Countywide Trails Committee, Saratoga Mountain Bike Assoc. (SMBA), Adirondack Mountain Club, Saratoga Back Country Horseman (SBCH), and others to ensure that future opportunities for all trail users are realized. • Emphasize sustainable design and responsible shared use of recreation lands with all trail user groups (hikers, bikers, cross-country skiers, snowshoers, snowmobilers, horseback riders, hunters, anglers, etc.). • Follow industry standards for appropriate trail design and surfacing based on existing conditions and expected use. • Focus on key destinations including Moreau Lake State Park, Daniels Road State Forest, and Lincoln Mountain State Forest. 112 \ CHAPTER 5 \ MAKING THE CONNECTION • Develop gateway access points at trailheads with signage and parking accommodations for cars, bicycles, and horse trailers. Provide linkages from gateway access points to long “through” trails as well as shorter loop trails. • In the long term, work towards a fully connected trail system that links community population centers and destinations across the area. • Coordinate trail network development with local emergency services providers to ensure public safety. • Follow state of the art, sustainable trail design standards. • Site recreation opportunities to limit access to sensitive conservation areas. SPECIFIC RECREATION RECOMMENDATIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION STEPS DEVELOP A ‘FRIENDS’ ORGANIZATION, SEPARATE FROM THE SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN GUIDANCE COMMITTEE, TO SUPPORT ONGOING TRAIL AND OUTDOOR RECREATION SUCH AS TRAIL CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE. LAND TRUSTS & LOCAL GOVERNMENT • Provide support for ‘Friends’ group with access to lands for trail construction and maintenance. • Partner with Saratoga Mountain Bike Assoc. (SMBA), Adirondack Mountain Club, and Saratoga Back Country Horsemen to create a volunteer stewards group for Lincoln Mountain State Forest. • Apply for grants to plan, design, build, and maintain trails. LAND OWNERS • Volunteer to participate. BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL • Sponsor trail activities and employee service days in collaboration with the ‘Friends’ group. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS • Provide opportunities for outdoor education, student research projects, and volunteer days to contribute to the effort. Enlist Volunteers for Trail Construction and Maintenance Source: ADK Mountain Club SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 113 COMPLETE LAND ACQUISITIONS/EASEMENTS FOR A TRAIL FROM MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK TO DANIELS ROAD STATE FOREST, COMPLETE CONSTRUCTION OF THIS TRAIL, AND PUT A TRAIL STEWARDSHIP PLAN IN PLACE. LAND TRUSTS • Outreach to local landowners. • Support acquisition efforts by land trusts. • Serve as land acquisition and transaction specialists. • Provide information about conservation priorities to municipal departments and encourage departments to search for and flag opportunities for acquisition and/or trails development. • Work to acquire lands or easements that are connected. • Undertake trail construction or initiate public-private partnerships or grant funded opportunities for construction. • Develop a trail stewardship plan. • Promote and educate the public on the benefits of land conservation and trail development. LANDOWNERS • Be open to learning about and considering linear use, trail easements or land acquisition. 114 LOCAL GOVERNMENT \ CHAPTER 5 \ MAKING THE CONNECTION • Undertake or assume responsibility for construction or initiate public-private partnerships or grant funded opportunities for construction. BUSINESSES/COMMERCIAL • Consider Ridge Trail in development planning. • Sponsor acquisitions and construction efforts. IDENTIFY AND IMPLEMENT FACILITIES FOR SPECIFIC USES TO ACCOMMODATE ALL ABILITIES IN KEY DESTINATIONS SUCH AS MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK, DANIELS ROAD STATE FOREST, AND LINCOLN MOUNTAIN STATE FOREST AS APPROPRIATE (Ex: hiking trails appropriate for families vs trails appropriate for long distance backpackers; beginner mountain biking trails vs advance mountain biking trails; etc.). LAND TRUSTS & LOCAL GOVERNMENT • Work across municipal boundaries to plan regionally to create connected trail networks. • Hire experts to determine appropriate locations for various types of recreation activities and to design appropriate recreation facilities for all abilities, including wheelchairs. BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL • Sponsor construction of recreation facilities. • Volunteer to help with implementation of recreation facilities. • Consider recreation priorities in development planning. LANDOWNERS • Offer land for easements or acquisition. • Volunteer to help with implementation of recreation facilities. DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT A COMPREHENSIVE WAYFINDING PLAN FOR SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN. LAND TRUSTS & LOCAL GOVERNMENT • Apply for grant funding for a wayfinding plan. • Hire experts to conduct a wayfinding plan. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 115 CONSTRUCT GATEWAYS AT MAJOR RECREATION HUBS SUCH AS MOREAU LAKE AND SARATOGA SPA STATE PARKS AND DANIELS ROAD AND LINCOLN MOUNTAIN STATE FORESTS. LAND TRUSTS & LOCAL GOVERNMENT • Apply for grant funding for design and construction of gateways for the Southern Palmertown area. BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL • Sponsor construction of gateways. • Hire experts to design gateways. PROVIDE LIMITED TRAIL ACCESS WITH AN EDUCATIONAL OR INTERPRETIVE FOCUS IN LINCOLN MOUNTAIN STATE FOREST AND OTHER LOCATIONS WITH SIGNIFICANT CONSERVATION VALUES. LAND TRUSTS LOCAL GOVERNMENT • Outreach to local landowners. • Support acquisition efforts by land trusts. • Serve as land acquisition and transaction specialists. • Provide information about conservation priorities to municipal departments and encourage departments to search for and flag opportunities for acquisition. • Work to acquire lands or easements that are connected. • Promote and educate the public on the benefits of land conservation. LANDOWNERS • Be open to learning about and considering conservation easements or land acquisition options. BUSINESSES/COMMERCIAL • Consider conservation priorities in development planning. • Sponsor acquisitions and conservation efforts. COMPLETE THE SARATOGA GREENBELT TRAIL. LAND TRUSTS • Acquire lands or easements as needed. • Collaborate with the Saratoga Greenbelt Trail (SGBT) in order to connect to the Saratoga Greenbelt Trail and planned or existing trails in Corinth, Wilton, and Moreau. 116 \ CHAPTER 5 \ MAKING THE CONNECTION LOCAL GOVERNMENT • Undertake construction or initiate publicprivate partnerships or grant funded opportunities for construction. BUSINESSES/COMMERCIAL • Sponsor trail construction/acquisition efforts. CONVERT THE SARATOGA AND NORTH CREEK RAILWAY TO A SHARED-USE TRAIL IF RAILROAD OPERATIONS ARE DISCONTINUED AND CREATE A TRAIL WHERE FEASIBLE ALONG THE FORMER RAIL LINE TO GRANT’S COTTAGE LAND TRUSTS BUSINESSES/COMMERCIAL • Acquire adjacent lands and provide easements for access at intermediate points along the North Creek Railway. LOCAL GOVERNMENT • Responsible for construction or initiating public-private partnerships or grant funded opportunities for construction. • Sponsor trail construction/acquisition efforts. LANDOWNERS • Provide easements for access at intermediate points along the North Creek Railway. PROVIDE A CONNECTION FOR TRAIL USERS BETWEEN THE TOWN OF MOREAU AND THE TOWN OF QUEENSBURY. • There is the potential to provide a connection across the Hudson River to connect the trails within the Town of Moreau to trails in the Town of Queensbury. This may be done by way of: 1. A ferry across the Hudson River, 2. Built into future improvements to the I-87 bridge, and/or 3. Boat launches on either side of the Hudson River. MAINTAIN AND ENHANCE THE SCENIC QUALITY OF ROADS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA FOR ALL USERS. • Entities with road maintenance responsibilities need to maintain highquality road conditions and ensure roads are safe and scenic for all users. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 117 Gl e n M alls sF oad tn R RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N TY Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H LAKE LUZERNE SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY oad Butler R Call Street t 9 Co HU DS l Sta rk R l ls R ie Sp Ro ad W ing Road ok THE SARATOGA Street ngton Washi GREENBELT TRAIL 29 Bro MILTON a Ro og ge v 5 \ MAKING THE CONNECTION \ CHAPTER COMPLETE Ro 118 CONNECT TO d THE SARATOGA Denton Roa GREENBELT TRAIL ve R oa d Middle Gro ad Ro a d Kin g p 29 k Road Dimmic Ba lla rd Tra 87 50 Ro ad Kin ad Rug gle sR ad Ro ick G 50 Old o ad KEY RECREATION CORRIDORS EXISTING RESOURCES o i el s R PRESERVE PROPOSED TRAILSg Road PROPOSED GATEWAYS 9 D an a Sc out Road n er th or DANIELS RD STATE FOREST Daniels Road ot Hy s oa d ove Road Locust Gr re Ro RECREATION WILTON RECOMMENDATIONS WILDLIFE oad on R N Braim R fi G en d South R ussell Ro d a ad R oa er Ro ad ck e e ld d Wilton Ro a d WILTON es Bo o Ro a CONNECTION TO WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE AND PARK Ga i l r R o a d o PALME RTO RANG WN E 9N sR ad s Wilt ilt P in Lo c GREENFIELD Brigham Road R o ad th B roa d wa y r o ve ust G d a e ne Nor ad Ro Gre rth o rs R PALMERTOWN RANGE e R oa d Ro A ll e o ad Gr R ne Gree rn e Clark Ro Ri d CREATE A TRAIL er WHERE lm a P FEASIBLE ALONG THE ad Ro t FORMER RAIL LINE TO r oo ev GRANT’S COTTAGE n a on G Bal lard nes Road LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST Pi Northern ll d P or t e r C o Old ad n No oad ad ad oa d ad lR An ge W oa d Parkhu rst Road sR o en R Sp i er ad C oh ad fiel en 9 PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad ra t R d Sa M d Roa tock 24 on Roa ms Co er R o a d M in le Road Fortsvil d R oa W ls 87 Fo l t s R COMPLETE TRAIL SPIER FALLS LAKE FROM MOREAU BONITA W LAKE STATE PARK o il t TO DANIELS ROAD hier o tn t a Clo rF STATE FOREST o ath He el WOODLAND LAKE 9N Ro a d yR Hatcher o ad ND RO I AD MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK CONVERT TOoaA d R ler SHARED-USEFuTRAIL IF RAILROAD OPERATIONS ARE DISCONTINUED K ga to ER d R oa G a b r i el R PA ra Sa ad Ro RIV 24 CORINTH K AC MOREAU SHERMAN ISLAND O N VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 d oa hR ri n 10 87 Ro d QUEENSBURY POTENTIAL CONNECTION ACROSS THE HUDSON RIVER rn Road Washbu H M tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro ADIRONDACK PARK d An t o ne HUDSON RIVER CAMPING RECREATION BUSINESSES OR ACTIVITY CENTERS Louden Road BOAT LAUNCH EXISTING TRAILS LOUGHBERRY LAKE PROPOSED TRAIL (HALFWAY BROOK) SNOWMOBILE TRAILS 87 venue 29 Lake A SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e Miles 0 0.5 1 2 Page left intentionally blank SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION RECREATION STRATEGY /119 $ ECONOMIC RECOMMENDATIONS POLICIES AND BEST PRACTICES • Work with the SEDC, Chamber of Commerce, Alliance for the Creative Economy, the Prosperity Partnership and the business community to ensure the area’s economic development is compatible with the landscape. • Encourage conservation and recreation oriented land uses and development patterns across jurisdictions. Hotel Balmoral, 1886 The Hotel Balmoral stood at the top of Mount McGregor, near Saratoga Springs, NY, from 1883-1897 120 \ CHAPTER 5 \ MAKING THE CONNECTION • Support markets and incentives for sale of local forestry and agriculture products. • Promote hike and bike friendly communities within the region. • Strategically site economic generators to enhance and protect the natural landscape. • Businesses that require land development should locate to currently developed lands. Source: Henry Lee SPECIFIC ECONOMIC RECOMMENDATIONS AND IMPLEMENTATION STEPS ENGAGE IN A BRANDING EXERCISE FOR THE STUDY AREA TO DETERMINE AN IDENTITY FOR THE REGION, INCLUDING A FINAL NAME, GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION AND MARKETING STRATEGY. • This effort will be led by the steering committee but will seek input and involvement from the all of the stakeholders. • It will be the responsibility of the stakeholders to “claim the brand, claim the name” and make this place resonate. • Must include considerable participation from New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, in order to create cohesive branding on both private and state lands in the region. • Seek funding from economic development programs (such as the Regional Economic Development Council) to develop brand and marketing strategy. FACILITATE TRAIL-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT, ECO-TOURISM, AND RECREATION-BASED TOURISM BUSINESSES, INCLUDING LODGING, RESTAURANTS AND CAFES, RENTAL SHOPS, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND GUIDE SERVICES, CAMPING, GEOCACHING, AND RELATED BUSINESSES AT APPROPRIATE LOCATIONS ALONG THE TRAIL SYSTEM. LOCAL GOVERNMENT BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL • Preserve sustainable economic development opportunities. • Revisit zoning and land use laws to promote development compatible with this Plan. • Market and promote this area as a recreation and tourism destination. • Seek partnerships and opportunities that capitalize on the sustainable use of the region (i.e. partnerships with lodging businesses for tourists, partner with local artisans, local businesses promoting Southern Palmertown through their locally made products etc.). • Business organizations, such as the Chamber of Commerce, Saratoga Economic Development Corporation (SEDC), and Prosperity Partnership should identify and recruit compatible recreation businesses. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 121 CONTINUE TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE REDEVELOPMENT OF THE BALMORAL HOTEL (MT. MCGREGOR CORRECTIONAL FACILITY) AND CONSIDER CONSERVATION OF PRIORITY LANDS WITHIN THE PROPERTY. LAND TRUSTS • Seek partnerships with private developers to pro-actively plan and promote this property for long-term sustainable development by developing the land with consideration of the goals referenced in this Plan. LOCAL GOVERNMENT • Plan and support development that stresses long-term economic value and wealth preservation through conservation. • Chamber of Commerce, State agencies, and others can research, reach out to, and assist with soliciting bids from potential compatible businesses (ex. McMenamins Edgefield). BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL • Promote long-term, sustainable economic development by considering the environmental, social, and economic needs of the community. Look for expansion opportunities for existing regional businesses whose business models are supported by and support this Plan into the property. LANDOWNERS • Advocate for development that seeks to benefit the community over the long-term and supports the recommendations of this Plan. COLLABORATE WITH LOCAL TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS, MUNICIPALITIES, AND THE LOCAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE TO ENCOURAGE VISITORS TO UTILIZE THE AREA’S RECREATION OPPORTUNITIES. LOCAL GOVERNMENT & BUSINESS/ COMMERCIAL • Work with the steering committee to develop and promote a cohesive vision and brand. • Promote recreational opportunities through the “I Love New York” campaign and the Adirondack Regional Tourism Council. 122 \ CHAPTER 5 \ MAKING THE CONNECTION LAND TRUSTS & OTHER NON PROFITS • Develop marketing materials and mapping to share with tourism organizations. ENCOURAGE AND SUPPORT APPROPRIATE WORKING LANDSCAPES AND FOREST-BASED ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES SUCH AS FORESTRY, WOOD AND PAPER MANUFACTURING, WOODWORKING ARTISAN PRODUCTS, CHRISTMAS TREE HARVESTING, MAPLE SYRUP AND MUSHROOM PRODUCTION, AND FOREST RECREATION. LAND TRUSTS • Through purchase and agreements promote and allow for active sustainable economic activities on preserved lands. LOCAL GOVERNMENT • Carefully amend local zoning laws to promote these activities. BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL & LANDOWNERS • Promote and encourage sustainable economic development activities on private lands. • Share a regional brand with all associated landscape-dependent businesses. SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION & RECREATION STRATEGY / 123 ADIRONDACK PARK oad tn R QUEENSBURY RALPH RD STATE FOREST Ro a ph Ro ad 9N Ra l ad Ro N RIVER th rin UDSO Co H TY POTENTIAL WORKING FOREST OR RECREATION TOURISM AREA LAKE LUZERNE WITH OPPORTUNITY FOR RENTAL SHOPS, CAFES, AND OTHER NEARBY Call StreBUSINESSES d et oa SARATOGA COUN WA RREN COUNTY FOCUS DEVELOPMENT IN THE VILLAGE OF CORINTH hR t ri n HU l nes Road v Tra Nor Ro ok 29 ad ge a Ba lla rd 87 50 Ro ad Sc out Road ad Ro ick G 50 Old Kin g WILTON WILDLIFE PRESERVE R oa d ECONOMIC RECOMMENDATIONS ude ad n Road Lo DEVELOPED CORRIDOR LOUGHBERRY LAKE ECONOMIC DEVELPOMENT FOCUS AREA oad Denton R Bro 29 Ro th B roa d wa y i el s D an Street ngton Washi Ro LOCATE BUSINESSES IN NEED OF DEVELOPED n erLAND ALONG DEVELOPED th or CORRIDORS N 99 \ CHAPTER 5 \ MAKING THE CONNECTION MILTON d DANIELS RD STATE FOREST ad Ro a d Kin g 124 d WILTON er Ri d oad on R Daniels Road ve R oa d Middle Gro Ro a Ga i l r R o a d o oa d ove Road Locust Gr Ro ad 9N ot p Braim R fi en G South R ussell Ro d a ad re W ing Road Hy s d Bal lard oa rt R Ro ad ck e e Wilton Ro a d R o ad PALME RTO RANG WN E Bo o a ld R o n Ga n s Wilt 9N sR e ne GREENFIELD Brigham Road 9 ilto oo ev er es a PALMERTOWN RANGE Clark Ro P in o rs R Lo c rn e R oa d ust G d P or t e r C o o ad r o ve 9N Ro Gre rth R ne Gree e ad A ll e Ro Sp Parkhu rst Road LINCOLN MTN STATE FOREST Pi Northern ll Gr No Old oa d ad n d lm Pa W ad fiel en o d en R 87 venue 29 Lake A SARATOGA SPRINGS Un i on A venu e oad Ro a Ro og tn Sp ie R l ls R ad oa d ad lR An ge r 99 ad oh C sR o e thi Clo a ra t R rF Sa M d i er LAKE BONITA PALMERTOWN RANGE ad Ro we Ho Fa ad on Roa er R o a d M in d le Road Fortsvil d R oa Sta rk o ad W ER 87 RESORT OR INSTITUTION W o il t DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY o ath He Roa tock ms Co yR Hatcher Fo l t s R WOODLAND LAKE Ro a d ga to ad Ro RIV oad 24 9N 9N ND ls R ler Fu MOREAU LAKE MOREAU LAKE STATE PARK R PA RO el ra Sa N K MOREAU O d R oa G a b r i el I AD DS 24 CORINTH K AC 9 Co VILLAGE OF CORINTH 10 oad Butler R Rug gle sR 10 o ad d 87 k Road Dimmic H M Gl e n M alls sF rn Road Washbu An t o ne tn HADLEY r ar ad is Ro Miles 0 0.5 1 2 ad Page left intentionally blank SOUTHERN PALMERTOWN CONSERVATION RECREATION STRATEGY /125 NEXT STEPS This Plan is the beginning of a new vision for this unique area. It is clearly a place with significant conservation, recreation, and economic development potential - and realizing that vision will require new partnerships. With a shared understanding of how significant this landscape is, the region’s stakeholders now have the potential to create a lasting legacy for future generations. 126 \ CHAPTER 5 \ MAKING THE CONNECTION I 3ny 5km. .IhIf. 11111.1( . - a?u?dmux ENDNOTES 1 U.S. Fish & Wilflife Service. National Wetlands Inventory. Accessed Online 16 New York Natural Heritage Program. Hemlock-Northern Hardwood Forest. Accessed Online 2 City of Saratoga Springs. Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for 2016. Accessed Online 17 New York Natural Heritage Program. Red Maple-Blackgum Swamp. Accessed Online 3 EnviroAtlas (EPA). Fact Sheet - Hydrolic Unit Codes: HUC 4, HUC 8, and HUC 12. Accessed Online 18 New York Natural Heritage Program. Red Maple-Blackgum Swamp. Accessed Online 4 USGS. Federal Standards and Procedures for the National Watershed Boundary (WBD).Accessed Online 19 New York Natural Heritage Program. Calcareous Talus Slope Woodland. Accessed Online 5 USGS. Federal Standards and Procedures for the National Watershed Boundary (WBD). Accessed Online 20 New York Natural Heritage Program. Calcareous Talus Slope Woodland. Accessed Online 6 USGS. Federal Standards and Procedures for the National Watershed Boundary (WBD). Accessed Online 21 New York Natural Heritage Program. Calcareous Talus Slope Woodland. Accessed Online 7 USGS. Federal Standards and Procedures for the National Watershed Boundary (WBD). Accessed Online 22 New York Natural Heritage Program. Pitch Pine-Scrub Oak Barrens. Accessed Online 8 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Moreau Lake Bird Conservation Area. Accessed Online 23 New York Natural Heritage Program. Pitch Pine-Scrub Oak Barrens. Accessed Online 9 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Moreau Lake Bird Conservation Area. Accessed Online 24 New York Natural Heritage Program. Pitch Pine-Scrub Oak Barrens. Accessed Online 10 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Moreau Lake Bird Conservation Area. Accessed Online 25 New York Natural Heritage Program. Pitch Pine-Scrub Oak Barrens. Accessed Online 11 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Critical Environmental Areas. Accessed Online 26 New York Natural Heritage Program. Pitch Pine-Scrub Oak Barrens. Accessed Online 12 New York Natural Heritage Program. Hemlock-Northern Hardwood Forest. Accessed Online 27 Saratoga PLAN. Understanding the Landscape of Saratoga County. Accessed Online 13 New York Natural Heritage Program. Hemlock-Northern Hardwood Forest. Accessed Online 14 New York Natural Heritage Program. Hemlock-Northern Hardwood Forest. Accessed Online 15 New York Natural Heritage Program. Hemlock-Northern Hardwood Forest. Accessed Online 28 Saratoga PLAN. Understanding the Landscape of Saratoga County. Accessed Online 29 Saratoga PLAN. Understanding the Landscape of Saratoga County. Accessed Online 30 Saratoga & North Creek Railway. Accessed Online 31 Saratoga & North Creek Railway. Accessed Online 39 Taconic Hiking Club. Accessed Online 32 New York State Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation. Heritage Areas. Accessed Online 40 North Carolina Museum of Art. Accessed Online 33 New York State Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation. Grant Cottage Historic Site. Accessed Online 34 New York State Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation. Grant Cottage Historic Site. Accessed Online 35 New York State Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation. Grant Cottage Historic Site. Accessed Online 36 Mohonk Preserve. Accessed Online < http://www. mohonkpreserve.org> 37 Vermont Trails and Greenways Council. 2016. Economic and Fiscal Impact Analysis of the Vermont Trails and Greenway Council Member Organizations. Accessed online < https:// www.uvm.edu/~snrvtdc/trails/Final_Report%20Impact%20 Analysis%20VT_Trails_and_Greenways.pdf> 38 Champlain Area Trails. Accessed Online 41 McMenamins. Edefield History. Accessed Online 42 McMenamins. Edgefield. Accessed Online 43 Lyman, M.W., Danks, C., and McDonough, M. 2013. New England’s Community Forests: Comparing a Regional Model to ICCAs. Conservation and Society. 11: 46-59. 44 Reaves,E. and Ceroni, M. Economic and Community Development through Community Forests: Based on the Success of 13 Mile Woods Community Forest in Errol, NH. Accessed online 45 North East State Foresters Association. 2013. The Economic Importance of New York’s Forest-Based Economy. Accessed Online < https://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/lands_forests_pdf/ economicimportance2013.pdf >