Glenn Hegar Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts Biennial Property Tax Report Tax Years 2016 and 2017 Texas Property Tax Glenn Hegar Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts December 2018 The Honorable Greg Abbott, Governor The Honorable Dan Patrick, Lieutenant Governor The Honorable Joe Straus, Speaker of the House Members of the 85th Legislature Ladies and Gentlemen: We are pleased to present the Biennial Property Tax Report for 2016 and 2017, as required by Tax Code Section 5.09. The report provides tax rate and value information for tax years 2016 and 2017. We are committed to assisting taxpayers, appraisal districts, appraisal review boards, tax assessor-collectors and elected officials with property tax administration. This report is designed to provide data that is both useful and informative. If you need further explanation of the findings or more extensive data and analysis, please contact Korry Castillo, Property Tax Assistance Division Director, at korry.castillo@cpa.texas.gov or 512-463-3806. Sincerely, Glenn Hegar cc: Korry Castillo Comptroller.Texas.Gov 512-463-4444 P.O. Box 13528 Toll Free: 1-800-531-5441 ext: 3-4444 Austin, Texas 78711-3528 Fax: 512-463-4902 Table of Contents Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Local Property Tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Appraisal District Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Local Property Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Property Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Market and Taxable Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Tax Rates and Levies by County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Local Property Tax Levies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Tax Rates and Levies by County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Keeping Check on Local Property Tax Increases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 — i ii Biennial Property Tax Report Tax Years 2016 and 2017 Texas Property Tax Overview EXHIBIT 1 The Tax Code directs the Comptroller’s office Tax Revenue in Texas by Source, 2016-2017 to publish a biennial report of the appraised and taxable values of properties by category Percent of Percent of and the tax rates of counties, cities and school Type of Tax 2016 Tax Amount Total Tax 2017 Tax Amount Total Tax districts for a two-year period. This report Property Tax $56,078,877,118 53.64% $59,384,701,371 54.47% provides the governor, the lieutenant governor State Sales Tax $20,193,439,459 19.31% $20,622,627,646 18.91% and each member of the Legislature a single point of reference for appraised values, taxLocal Sales Taxes $8,052,361,191 7.70% $8,277,407,658 7.59% able values and tax levies and rates of Texas Other State Taxes $20,230,425,573 19.35% $20,743,386,335 19.03% taxing units.1 The complete market and taxTotal Taxes $104,555,103,341 100.00% $109,028,123,010 100.00% able values and tax rates for all school disSource: Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. tricts, counties and cities data is available on our Property Tax Survey Data and Reports webpage. EXHIBIT 2 The data for this report, including total market and taxable values and tax rates for all school districts, counties and cities, is available in downloadable electronic spreadsheets on our Tax Rates and Levies webpage. Texas cities, counties, school districts and other taxing units rely on property tax to fund their operations. In addition to property tax, taxing units may also impose, levy and collect other taxes and fees as authorized by law. Exhibit 1 shows that local property tax remains the largest tax assessed in Texas. Property taxes levied by taxing units statewide exceeded $56 billion in 2016 and $59 billion in 2017. While local property taxes account for over half of all tax revenue in the state, the state does not appraise property for property tax purposes, set property tax rates or collect property taxes. The next largest tax revenue source in Texas is the sales tax, which is imposed by both the state government and local taxing units. As demonstrated in Exhibit 2, local taxing units consistently collect just over 60 percent of all taxes in the state, while state government collects slightly less than 40 percent. Tax Revenue by Source 2016 Tax Revenue by Source Property Tax 53.64% Other State Taxes 19.35% State Sales Tax 19.31% Local Sales Taxes 7.70% 2017 Tax Revenue by Source Property Tax 54.47% Other State Taxes 19.03% State Sales Tax 18.91% Local Sales Taxes 7.59% Tex. Tax Code §5.09 1 Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 — 1 Local Property Tax Appraisal District Operations The Texas Constitution sets out five basic rules for property taxes. Before the Legislature created appraisal districts in 1981, thousands of taxing units appraised property and imposed taxes independently, resulting in wide disparities in value. As property tax levies increased and the state began to base more aid to school districts on property values, centralized local appraisal became necessary. The first requirement is that taxation must be equal and uniform.2 Local officials must base property taxes on values determined by appraisal districts. Second, property must be assessed at no more than fair cash market value – the price for which it would sell when both buyer and seller seek the best price and neither is under pressure to buy or sell.3 Except as provided by the Texas Constitution, all real and tangible personal property shall be taxed in proportion to its value, which shall be ascertained as provided by law.4 The Texas Constitution provides certain exceptions to this rule, such as the use of productivity values for agricultural and timber land. Third, each property in a county must have a single appraised value.5 This means that the various taxing units that collect property taxes cannot assign different values to the same property – all must use the same value. Fourth, all property is taxable unless federal or state law exempts it from the tax. These exemptions may exclude all or part of a property’s value from taxation.6 Finally, property owners have a right to reasonable notice of increases in the appraised value of their property.7 Taxing units can assess and collect property taxes for two primary uses. First, they can collect a maintenance and operations (M&O) tax that is used primarily to pay for the day-to-day functions of the government. An interest and sinking (I&S) tax is collected to pay bonds, including interest, to finance capital projects such as buildings, facilities or other infrastructure. While I&S property taxes are not the only way for taxing units to pay for infrastructure, it is one of the primary tools available for this purpose. 3 4 5 6 7 2 Tex. Const. art. VIII, §1(a) Tex. Const. art. VIII, §20 Tex. Const. art. VIII, §1(b) Tex. Const. art. VIII, §18 Tex. Const. art. VIII, §1(b) Tex. Const. art. VIII, §21(c) Each year, the Comptroller’s office surveys the state’s 253 appraisal districts for information about their operations.8 They provide historical data from the prior tax year and projected data based on budgets and plans for the current tax year. In 2016, 96 percent of the appraisal districts responded to the survey and 99 percent responded in 2017. The wide range of responses reported in the annual survey reflect the diversity among appraisal districts. Exhibit 3 shows a huge variance in staffing, with about 40 percent of the appraisal districts reporting less than five staff members. Appraisal districts report a wide range in the amount budget resources available. Many appraisal districts also do collections functions, reportedly 109 districts in 2016 and 2017. EXHIBIT 3 Full Time Employees (FTEs), 2016-2017 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 5 or less 6 to 10 11 to 20 21 to 50 2016 2017 51 to 100 Over 100 Although Texas has 254 counties, Potter and Randall counties operate a consolidated appraisal district. 8 2 — Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 Exhibit 4 shows the combined budget totals including allotments for appraisal operations and collections functions, if applicable, provided by appraisal districts for 2016 and 2017. Appraisal districts also report a wide range in their available technological resources. Exhibit 5 shows the appraisal districts that reported having computer assisted mass appraisal (CAMA) systems, geographic information systems (GIS) and aerial technology available in 2016 and 2017. While the variance in survey results makes generalized observations difficult, it demonstrates the complexity of appraisal district daily operations, the massive job they perform and the benefit they provide to local taxing units. The complete survey data, including staff, budget and resources information, is available in the operations survey data posted on our Property Tax Survey Data and Reports webpage. EXHIBIT 5 Appraisal District Systems, 2016-2017 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 CAMA GIS Aerial Technology EXHIBIT 4 Combined Appraisal and Collection Budgets, 2016-2017 2016 2017 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 $500,000 or less $500,000 to $1,000,000 2016 $1,000,000 to $10,000,000 $10,000,000 or more 2017 Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 — 3 Texas Property Tax Local Property Values The biennial report must include the total appraised values and taxable values of property by category for two years preceding the report year. calculating taxable value by category, the Comptroller’s office uses data submitted by appraisal districts to determine the allocation. With a few exceptions, the appraised value of property is based on an appraiser’s opinion regarding a property’s market value as of a certain date. Generally, the Tax Code defines appraised value as market value as of Jan. 1.9 Appraised value means the value as determined by Tax Code Chapter 23.10 Appraisal districts reported that the 2016 market value of taxable property in school districts statewide was over $2.8 trillion (Appendix 2) and the 2016 taxable value was over $2.2 trillion, a difference of over $635 billion. In 2017, appraisal districts reported that the market value of taxable property in school districts statewide was over $3 trillion (Appendix 3) and the 2017 taxable value was over $2.3 trillion, a difference of more than $671 billion. Exhibit 6 shows an increase in both market and taxable value from 2016 to 2017. Taxable value means the amount determined by deducting from appraised value the amount of any applicable exemptions.11 Property Classifications At least once every two years, the Comptroller’s office must conduct a ratio study in each appraisal district to determine the degree of uniformity of and the median level of appraisals by the appraisal district within each major category of property.12 Pursuant to this requirement, the Comptroller’s office develops the Property Classification Guide with categories described in Appendix 1. When reporting information to the Comptroller’s office, appraisal districts are required to use the broad property classification categories, such as singlefamily residential, multifamily residential, commercial real, etc., as listed and defined in the guide. Exhibit 7 shows that single-family residential made up around 46 percent of the total taxable value with commercial real property just under 18.7 percent of the total in both 2016 and 2017. EXHIBIT 6 Market Value and Taxable Value, 2016-2017 $3,500 Market and Taxable Values Market value as defined by Tax Code Section 1.04(7) is the price a property would sell for in the current market between a knowledgeable buyer and seller each trying to maximize gain and neither in a position to take advantage of the other. Taxable value accounts for any special appraisal provisions, value limitation agreements and applicable exemptions. In Tex. Tax Code §§1.04(8) and 23.01 and the International Association of Assessing Officers, Property Appraisal and Assessment Administration, edited by Joseph K. Eckert, Ph.D. (Chicago, Illinois, 1990), p. 15. 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 9 Tex. Tax Code §1.04(8) 10 Tex. Tax Code §1.04(10) 0 Market Value Taxable Value 11 Tex. Tax Code §5.10(a) 12 4 — Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 2016 2017 Market values increased overall in every year since 2007, with the exception of 2010, which saw an overall decrease in value of 1.33 percent. Exhibit 8 shows that farm and ranch improvements saw the greatest percentage increase in market value, up 22.93 percent from 2016 to 2017. Oil and gas and multifamily residential categories also showed strong growth of 17.04 percent and 11.48 percent, respectively (Appendix 4). EXHIBIT 7 Percent of Taxable Value by Category Percent of Taxable Value by Category, 2017 Percent of Taxable Value by Category, 2016 Other 21.28% Commercial Personal 7.05% Other 20.85% Single-Family 45.92% Single-Family 46.45% Commercial Personal 6.68% Commercial Real 18.69% Commercial Real 18.68% Multifamily 7.06% Multifamily 7.34% EXHIBIT 8 Market Value Percentage Change by Category, 2016-2017 50 40 30 20 10 0 A B C D1 D2 E F1 F2 J -10 H1 -20 -30 L1 L2 M1 M2 O S Other -40 G -50 2016 A B C D1 D2 E Single-Family Residential Multifamily Residential Vacant Lots and Tracts Qualified Open-Space Land Farm and Ranch Improvements Rural Land and Improvements F1 F2 G H1 J L1 2017 Commercial Real Industrial Real Oil, Gas and Subsurface Interests Vehicles (Personal) Utilities Commercial Personal L2 Industrial Personal M1 and M2 Mobile Homes and Other Personal O Residential Inventory S Special Inventory Other Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 — 5 Texas Property Tax Tax Rates and Levies by County In addition to the required tax rates for counties, cities and school districts, this report includes online data on property tax rates and levies for special purpose districts. Local Property Tax Levies Exhibit 9 shows that Texas’ cities, counties, school districts and special purpose districts levied more than $59 billion in property taxes – 5.93 percent more in 2017 than in 2016. Unlike other taxing units, which can also collect sales taxes and fees, school districts’ only source of tax revenue is property tax. In 2017, the state’s 1,018 school districts levied more than $32 billion in property taxes, or more than 54 percent of all property taxes levied by local taxing units in the state (Exhibit 10). Cities collected the second-largest share of property tax in 2017 – more than $9.7 billion, an increase of more than EXHIBIT 9 Property Taxes Reported by Taxing Unit Type, 2016-2017 Taxing Unit Type 2017 Percent of Levy Percent Levy Change from 2016 to 2017 $32,132,603,538 54.09% 7.63% 1,071 $9,730,426,404 16.38% 6.17% 16.10% 254 $9,533,695,367 16.05% 5.61% $8,031,396,040 14.32% 1,883 $8,010,249,365 13.48% -0.26% $56,078,877,118 100.00% 4,226 $59,406,974,665 100.00% 5.93% 2016 Number of Units 2016 Tax Levy 2016 Percent of Levy 2017 Number of Units School Districts 1,018 $29,854,848,665 53.24% 1,018 Cities 1,071 $9,165,214,418 16.34% 254 $9,027,417,995 Special Districts 1,850 Total 4,193 Counties 2017 Tax Levy Source: Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. EXHIBIT 10 Property Taxes Reported by Taxing Unit Type 2016 Property Tax Levy Special Districts 13.48% Special Districts 14.32% Counties 16.10% 2017 Property Tax Levy School Districts 53.24% Cities 16.34% 6 — Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 Counties 16.05% Cities 16.38% School Districts 54.09% 6 percent from the 2016 levy. Counties followed closely behind with a property tax levy of more than $9.5 billion, which is 5.59 percent more than in 2016 (Exhibit 11). Exhibit 12 shows the average annual percentage of increase in the levy by taxing unit type and statewide, calculated using date from 1998 through 2017 (Appendix 5). Exhibit 13 shows the average annual increase in the amount of levy by taxing unit type and statewide, calculated using date from 1998 through 2017 (Appendix 5). EXHIBIT 11 Property Tax Levy by Taxing Unit Type, 2016-2017 $35 EXHIBIT 12 Average Annual Increase, 1998-2017 $30 8% $25 7 $20 6 $15 5 $10 4 $5 3 $0 2 School Districts Cities Counties 2016 Special Districts 1 0 2017 School District City County Special District Total Levy EXHIBIT 13 Property Tax Levy Growth by Taxing Unit Type, 1998-2017 $70,000 $60,000 $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Special Purpose District Levy 2004 2005 2006 County Levy 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 City Levy School Levy Total Levy Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 — 7 For information about levy growth for cities, counties, school districts and special purpose districts, see Appendix 5. Tax Rates and Levies by County Tax rates and levies for taxing units within each county are accessible on the Comptroller’s Tax Rates and Levies webpage. 2016 and 2017. Voters in nine school districts rejected the tax rate proposed by school boards in 2016, and in 2017, four elections rejected proposed tax rate increases (Appendix 6). We hope you find this report useful. If you need further explanation of the findings or more extensive data and analysis, please contact the Property Tax Assistance Division at ptad. cpa@cpa.texas.gov. Keeping Check on Local Property Tax Increases EXHIBIT 14 Tax Rate Ratification Elections, 2016-2017 Taxpayers have a mechanism to limit the tax rate that a taxing unit may adopt. If taxing units, other than school districts, adopt tax rates above a calculated rollback tax rate, taxpayers can petition for a rollback election. 70 A school district exceeding the rollback tax rate must hold an election automatically without any need for a petition process, known as a tax rate ratification election. This allows its voters to decide whether to approve the adopted tax rate or to roll back the tax rate. 50 A school district that adopts a tax rate above the rollback tax rate must hold a rollback election between 30 and 90 days after its board of trustees adopts the tax rate. The school district’s election differs from that of other taxing units in that the school district must ask voters to ratify the school district’s adopted tax rate. If a simple majority of votes cast in the election favors the adopted tax rate, it stands. If the voters disapprove the adopted tax rate, the school district’s rollback tax rate becomes the adopted tax rate. In 2016, 52 school districts exceeded the rollback tax rate, compared with 59 in 2017. As seen in Exhibit 14, a significant number of the elections on tax rate increases passed in 8 — Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 60 40 30 20 10 0 2016 2017 Rejected Ratified APPENDIX 1 Property Categories Category Category Name Description A Real Property: Single-Family Residential Houses, condominiums and mobile homes located on land owned by the occupant B Real Property: Multifamily Residential Residential structures containing two or more dwelling units belonging to one owner (apartments but not motels or hotels) C1 Real Property: Vacant Lots and Tracts Unimproved land parcels usually located within or adjacent to cities with no minimum or maximum size requirement C2 Real Property: Colonia Lots and Tracts Colonia properties that may not be sold pursuant to Local Government Code Chapter 232 D1 Real Property: Qualified Open-Space Land Acreage qualified for productivity valuation D2 Real Property: Farm and Ranch Improvements on Qualified Open-Space Land Improvements, other than residences, associated with land reported as Category D1 property, including all barns, sheds, silos, garages, other improvements associated with farming or ranching E Real Property: Rural Land, not Qualified for OpenSpace Appraisal, and Residential Improvements Rural land that is not qualified for productivity valuation and the improvements, including residential F1 Real Property: Commercial Land and improvements devoted to business activities (not utility property) Real Property: Industrial Land and improvements devoted to the development, manufacturing, fabrication, processing or storage of a product (not utility property) G Oil, Gas and Other Subsurface Interests Non-exempt value of oil and gas, other minerals, and certain interests in subsurface land and the equipment used to produce products H1 Tangible Personal Property: Nonbusiness Vehicles Privately owned automobiles, motorcycles and light trucks not used to produce income Tangible Personal Property: Goods in Transit Personal property stored under a contract of bailment by a public warehouse operator and identified according to the provisions of Tax Code Section 11.253 and a local taxing unit voted to tax the property J Real and Personal Property: Utilities All real and tangible personal property of railroads, pipelines, electric companies, gas companies, telephone companies, water systems, cable TV companies and other utility companies L1 Personal Property: Commercial All tangible personal property used by commercial businesses to produce income, including fixtures, equipment and inventory L2 Personal Property: Industrial All tangible personal property used by an industrial business to produce income, including fixtures, equipment and inventory M Mobile Homes and Other Tangible Personal Property Taxable personal property not included in other categories, such as mobile homes on land owned by someone else; and aircraft, boats, travel trailers, motor homes and mobile homes on rented or leased land N Intangible Personal Property Taxable intangible property not otherwise classified O Real Property: Residential Inventory Residential real property inventory held for sale F2 H2 Source: Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 — 9 APPENDIX 2 Market vs. Taxable Value Totals Statewide, 2016 2016 School District Market Value % of Total 2016 School District Taxable Value $1,311,112,085,231 46.04% $1,015,878,687,872 45.92% B Multifamily Residential $158,078,286,430 5.55% $156,142,881,539 7.06% C1 Vacant Lots and Tracts $47,978,832,797 1.68% $47,922,793,938 2.17% $264,065,786,976 9.27% $11,027,477,295 0.50% $4,168,322,655 0.15% $4,166,726,857 0.19% $82,189,945,307 2.89% $68,562,924,719 3.10% F1 Commercial Real $414,970,162,186 14.57% $413,561,119,425 18.69% F2 Industrial Real $127,357,408,658 4.47% $93,534,703,142 4.23% $64,149,757,979 2.25% $64,149,757,979 2.90% $72,194,199 0.00% $72,194,199 0.00% $71,272,300,591 2.50% $70,108,691,137 3.17% L1 Commercial Personal $156,463,975,122 5.49% $155,890,976,708 7.05% L2 Industrial Personal $121,983,043,033 4.28% $88,810,490,737 4.01% $6,522,990,330 0.23% $4,945,737,833 0.22% Category A Single-Family Residential D1 Qualified Open-Space Land D2 Farm and Ranch Improvements E Rural Land and Improvements G Oil, Gas, & Subsurface Interest H1 Vehicles (Personal) J Utilities M1 and M2 Mobile Homes & Other Personal % of Total O Residential Inventory $9,863,392,049 0.35% $9,863,392,049 0.45% S Special Inventory $7,655,960,799 0.27% $7,655,960,799 0.35% $121,885,954 0.00% $121,857,244 0.01% $2,848,026,330,296 100.00% $2,212,416,373,472 100.00% Other Total Source: Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. 10 — Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 APPENDIX 3 Market vs. Taxable Value Totals Statewide, 2017 Category A Single-Family Residential 2017 School District Market Value % of Total 2017 School District Taxable Value % of Total $1,411,962,733,403 46.39% $1,102,060,365,694 46.45% B Multifamily Residential $176,227,047,818 5.79% $174,165,715,650 7.34% C Vacant Lots and Tracts $50,221,077,176 1.65% $50,167,593,880 2.11% $276,617,318,158 9.09% $10,657,079,707 0.45% $5,124,099,263 0.17% $5,122,511,011 0.22% $87,303,129,047 2.87% $72,996,772,572 3.08% F1 Commercial Real $444,827,428,258 14.61% $443,270,127,201 18.68% F2 Industrial Real $138,517,088,014 4.55% $96,432,283,293 4.06% $75,081,343,182 2.47% $75,081,343,182 3.16% $74,549,655 0.00% $74,549,655 0.00% $75,823,725,228 2.49% $74,634,872,554 3.15% L1 Commercial Personal $159,162,867,091 5.23% $158,583,417,484 6.68% L2 Industrial Personal $117,077,175,988 3.85% $85,415,193,425 3.60% $6,889,119,290 0.23% $5,233,605,629 0.22% $10,898,221,805 0.36% $10,896,186,272 0.46% $7,704,165,017 0.25% $7,704,165,017 0.32% $125,454,839 0.00% $117,332,344 0.00% $3,043,636,543,232 100.00% $2,372,613,114,570 100.00% D1 Qualified Open-Space Land D2 Farm and Ranch Improvements E Rural Land and Improvements G Oil, Gas, & Subsurface Interest H1 Vehicles (Personal) J Utilities M1 and M2 Mobile Homes & Other Personal O Residential Inventory S Special Inventory Other Total Source: Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 — 11 APPENDIX 4 Category Market Value Percent Change, 2007-2017 Category 2007 to 2008 % Change A Single-Family Residential 8.45% 2.01% -0.11% 0.96% 1.16% 3.87% 9.27% 10.60% 9.28% 7.69% B Multifamily Residential 10.60% 1.87% -4.09% 3.03% 8.47% 12.34% 14.51% 15.72% 14.55% 11.48% C Vacant Lots and Tracts 13.27% -0.59% -3.48% -3.87% -0.97% 0.52% 8.07% 6.46% 5.99% 4.67% D1 Qualified OpenSpace Land 17.16% 6.89% 2.25% 0.81% 1.93% 2.16% 4.18% 5.49% 4.95% 4.75% D2 Farm and Ranch Improvements 9.92% -4.58% -6.11% -1.42% -2.53% -67.14% -40.57% 6.81% 13.91% 22.93% E Rural Land and Improvements 8.92% 5.60% 3.67% 3.16% 2.93% 28.02% 10.00% 7.03% 7.42% 6.22% 12.68% 1.23% -4.34% 1.76% 5.00% 8.48% 7.89% 10.16% 9.94% 7.20% 6.85% 1.67% -2.24% 4.13% 4.91% 4.90% 5.19% 9.24% 5.98% 8.76% G Oil, Gas, & Subsurface Interest 27.20% -10.60% 4.17% -6.01% 20.74% 4.25% 18.40% -25.42% -45.57% 17.04% H1 Vehicles (Personal) -29.22% -11.07% -5.93% -4.27% -14.20% -6.65% 9.05% -24.96% -13.78% 3.26% 5.39% 0.82% 1.65% 3.77% 7.14% 8.43% 10.14% 6.55% 4.29% 6.39% L1 Commercial Personal 10.21% 1.86% -5.20% 1.96% 6.57% 5.40% 4.94% 6.43% 3.40% 1.72% L2 Industrial Personal 14.64% 2.36% -9.57% 8.18% 14.03% 9.78% 4.13% 3.70% -5.10% -4.02% 2.05% 0.77% -1.10% 0.92% -0.27% 0.07% 4.29% 3.43% 4.98% 5.61% F1 Commercial Real F2 Industrial Real J Utilities M1 and M2 Mobile Homes & Other Personal 2008 to 2009 % Change 2009 to 2010 to 2011 to 2010 % 2011 % 2012 % Change Change Change 2012 to 2013 % Change 2013 to 2014 to 2015 to 2016 to 2014 % 2015 % 2016 % 2017 % Change Change Change Change O Residential Inventory 6.13% -2.95% -17.01% -3.83% -8.97% 1.82% -0.42% 16.86% 18.15% 10.49% S Special Inventory 4.33% -9.91% -16.83% 11.91% 14.51% 18.62% 11.48% 19.92% 4.60% 0.63% 10.61% -32.63% 2.93% Other Categories Total 311.45% -100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 11.15% 1.50% -1.33% 1.25% 4.17% 25849.78% -69.94% 5.19% 8.48% 7.15% 5.46% 6.87% Source: Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. Notes: In 2013, Categories D2 and E definitions changed to allow appraisal districts to more accurately report values, resulting in a much of the percent change between 2012 and 2013. The combined values of the two categories for 2012 to 2013 indicates a 3.58 percent change in value. Category H2 accounts for goods in transit (2012). Category C2 accounts for colonia lots (2013). These two categories and Category N - Intangible personal property account for all Texas property under Other Categories. These added categories account for the unusual changes in percentages in Other Categories and are not included in the annual PVS to calculate ISD values. 12 — Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 APPENDIX 5 Property Tax Levy Growth by Taxing Unit Type, 1998-2017 Tax Year Special Purpose District Levy County Levy City Levy School Levy Total Levy 1998 $1,889,138,306 $2,828,286,927 $3,005,996,060 $11,334,614,289 $19,058,035,582 1999 $2,041,041,011 $2,979,279,400 $3,247,964,177 $12,009,923,498 $20,278,208,086 2000 $2,389,110,312 $3,200,919,731 $3,530,863,516 $13,392,336,012 $22,513,229,571 2001 $2,703,512,059 $3,566,857,130 $3,884,829,249 $15,155,217,587 $25,310,416,025 2002 $2,864,454,984 $3,849,728,346 $4,186,795,363 $16,418,788,831 $27,319,767,524 2003 $3,092,285,295 $4,121,758,950 $4,415,212,819 $17,264,153,972 $28,893,411,036 2004 $3,369,068,834 $4,462,844,074 $4,607,757,531 $18,533,964,802 $30,973,635,241 2005 $3,609,629,697 $4,772,652,208 $4,901,791,597 $20,194,915,813 $33,478,989,315 2006 $3,972,185,910 $5,339,613,542 $5,322,985,519 $20,918,122,059 $35,552,907,030 2007 $4,513,060,409 $5,836,989,949 $5,890,306,731 $18,874,239,532 $35,114,596,621 2008 $4,952,734,969 $6,342,704,903 $6,451,012,447 $21,233,517,226 $38,979,969,545 2009 $5,133,820,497 $6,526,724,060 $6,593,755,037 $21,780,056,204 $40,034,355,798 2010 $5,392,511,510 $6,567,069,864 $6,755,401,406 $21,558,289,126 $40,273,271,906 2011 $4,926,074,010 $6,742,912,786 $6,810,049,306 $22,001,561,060 $40,480,597,162 2012 $5,543,422,374 $7,064,659,174 $7,054,989,776 $23,072,781,962 $42,735,853,286 2013 $5,529,434,215 $7,537,749,461 $7,324,430,896 $24,854,671,461 $45,246,286,033 2014 $6,370,469,864 $8,114,998,194 $7,828,571,758 $26,792,677,172 $49,106,716,988 2015 $6,954,137,406 $8,696,387,395 $8,380,435,861 $28,176,465,862 $52,207,426,524 2016 $8,031,396,040 $9,027,417,995 $9,165,214,418 $29,854,848,665 $56,078,877,118 2017 $8,010,249,365 $9,533,695,367 $9,730,426,404 $32,132,603,529 $59,406,974,665 7.49% 6.26% 6.05% 5.35% 5.85% Average Annual Increase Source: Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts. Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 — 13 APPENDIX 6 School District Rollback Election Results, 2016-2017 2016 Election Results School District County 2017 Election Results Election Result School District County Election Result Aubrey ISD Denton Ratified Alice ISD Lubbock Ratified Bastrop ISD Bastrop Rolled Back Austwell-Tivoli ISD Refugio Ratified Beeville ISD Bee Ratified Big Sandy ISD Polk Ratified Buna ISD Jasper Ratified Blanco ISD Blanco Ratified Bushland ISD Potter Rolled Back Blooming Grove ISD Navarro Ratified Carrolton Farmers Branch ISD Bluffdale ISD Erath Rolled Back Dallas Ratified Bronte ISD Coke Ratified Chapel Hill ISD (ESC 8) Titus Ratified Brooks County ISD Brooks Ratified Cotton Center ISD Hale Ratified Bryan ISD Brazos Ratified Crawford ISD McLennan Ratified Buffalo ISD Leon Ratified De Leon ISD Comanche Ratified Burleson ISD Johnson Ratified Dripping Springs Hays Ratified Caldwell ISD Burleson Ratified El Campo ISD Starr Ratified Chapel Hill ISD Travis Ratified Ferris ISD Cochran Ratified Chester ISD Tyler Ratified Friendswood ISD Galveston Ratified Connally ISD McLennan Ratified Frisco ISD Collin Rolled Back Coolidge ISD Limestone Ratified Gainesville ISD Cooke Ratified Cross Plains ISD Callahan Ratified Goose Creek ISD Harris Ratified Cross Roads ISD Henderson Ratified Hale Center ISD Hale Ratified Denton ISD Denton Ratified Irving ISD Dallas Ratified Eagle Pass ISD Maverick Ratified Joaquin ISD Shelby Ratified Eanes ISD Travis Ratified Lovejoy ISD Collin Ratified Ector County ISD Ector Rolled Back Lubbock ISD Lubbock Ratified Electra ISD Wichita Ratified Lubbock Roosevelt ISD Lubbock Ratified Falls City ISD Karnes Ratified Marlin ISD Falls Rolled Back Fort Worth ISD Tarrant Ratified Marlin ISD Falls Ratified Frenship ISD Lubbock Ratified Mercedes ISD Hidalgo Rolled Back Gustine ISD Comanche Ratified Midland ISD Midland Rolled Back Hamilton ISD Hamilton Ratified Mineral Wells ISD Palo Pinto Ratified Harmony ISD Upshur Ratified Muleshoe ISD Bailey Ratified Higgins ISD Lipscomb Ratified Neches ISD Anderson Ratified Huntsville ISD Walker Ratified Needville ISD Fort Bend Ratified Kountze ISD Hardin Ratified New Waverly ISD Walker Ratified Lake Travis ISD Travis Ratified Pecos-BarstowToyah ISD Reeves Ratified Latexo ISD Houston Rolled Back Petersburg ISD Hale Ratified Loop ISD Gaines Ratified Plainview ISD Hale Ratified Malone ISD Hill Ratified Raymondville ISD Willacy Rolled Back Martinsville ISD Nacogdoches Ratified Mercedes ISD Hidalgo Ratified 14 — Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 APPENDIX 6 School District Rollback Election Results, 2016-2017, Continued 2017 Election Results 2016 Election Results School District Riviera ISD County Kleberg Election Result School District County Election Result Ratified Mexia ISD Limestone Ratified Upshur Ratified Royal ISD Waller Rolled Back New Diana ISD San Antonio ISD Bexar Ratified North Hopkins ISD Hopkins Ratified Scurry-Rosser ISD Kaufman Ratified Oglesby ISD Coryell Ratified Seguin ISD Guadalupe Ratified Pasadena ISD Harris Ratified Sherman ISD Grayson Ratified Port Arthur ISD Jefferson Ratified Slocum ISD Anderson Ratified Quinlan ISD Hunt Ratified Snook ISD Burleson Ratified Raymondville ISD Willacy Ratified Southwest ISD Bexar Ratified Rice ISD Navarro Ratified Red River Ratified Spurger ISD Tyler Ratified Rivercrest ISD Stratford ISD Sherman Ratified Riviera ISD Kleberg Ratified Thrall ISD Williamson Ratified Rockdale ISD Milam Ratified Warren ISD Tyler Ratified Royal ISD Waller Ratified Wharton ISD Wharton Ratified Sabine Pass ISD Jefferson Ratified Wills Point ISD Van Zandt Ratified San Perlita ISD Willacy Ratified Yantis ISD Wood Rolled Back Southland ISD Garza Ratified Source: TexasISD.com provided the information for this chart. Springtown ISD Parker Ratified Note: Rolled back means the election effort failed and the school district was required to roll back the proposed tax rate to the published rollback tax rate. Ratified means voters agreed with the school district proposed tax rate, which is above its rollback tax rate. Throckmorton ISD Throckmorton Ratified Trinity ISD Trinity Ratified Troup ISD Smith Ratified Woodville ISD Tyler Rolled Back Source: TexasISD.com provided the information for this chart. Note: Rolled back means the election effort failed and the school district was required to roll back the proposed tax rate to the published rollback tax rate. Ratified means voters agreed with the school district proposed tax rate, which is above its rollback tax rate. Biennial Property Tax Report – Tax Years 2016 and 2017 — 15 For more information or additional copies, visit our website: comptroller.texas.gov/taxes/property-tax In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, this document may be requested in alternative formats by calling toll free 800-252-5555. Sign up to receive email updates on the Comptroller topics of your choice at comptroller.texas.gov/subscribe/. Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts Publication #96-1728 December 2018