Chairman F. SCHWAB Porsche 151? Vice Chairman D. MAZZA Hyundai 2nd Vice Chairman D. SMITH Toyota Secretary D. HELFMAN BMW Treasurer .J. AM ESTOY Mazda BMW Daewoo Flat Honda Hyundai Isuzu Kla Land Rover Mazda Mercedes-Benz Mitsubishi Nissan Peugeot Porsche Renault Rolls-Royce Saab Subaru Suzuki Toyota Volkswagen Volvo President P. HUTCH INSON he World?s eading utomakers" TECH-97-1 49 2/18/97 TO: AIAM Technical Committee FROM: Gregory J. Dana Vice President and Technical Director RE: GLOBAL CLIMATE COALITION - Science and Technology Assessment Committee (STAG) - Minutes of the January 16, 1997 Meeting Enclosed is a copy of the minutes of the January 16, 1997 meeting of the Science and Technology Assessment Committee (STAG) of the Global Climate Coalition. The next meeting will be held by conference call on February 20, 1997. An agenda for that meeting is also enclosed. GJD:jai ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS, INC. 1001 19TH ST. NORTH I SUITE 1200 I ARLINGTON, VA 22209 I TELEPHONE 703.525.7788 I FAX 703.525.8817 INTERNET: AIAM-052205 AIAM-052206 Mobi! Corporation 3225 GALLOWS ROAD VIRGINIA 220374100] TELEPHONE: 703/846-1530 I.. S. Man?g?'. Envimnmmul Snfuly 1'0: SCIENCE AND ASSESSMENT COMNIITTEE FROM L. S. Bernstein - Februmy 12, 1997 (Cover 34 pages) g'fgmmittee Men] but; Mitchell Baer 202/682-3031 Tim Ban?cld - 412/838?6888 Grog Dana - 703/525-3817 Dennis J. Devlin - 908/873-6009 Howard Feldmun, 202/682-8270 Brian P. 1*?lam?Iery - 908/730-3301 Bronson Gardner - 216/475?9674 Robert P. Gehri - 205/257-7294 Jon M. Heuss 313/556-900! Eric IIoldsworth 202/63 8-1043 John Holt - 70319075517 Russell. Jones - 202/682?8408 John Kinsman - 202/508?5150 Eric C. Kuhn 513/287-3499 Ned Leonard - 703/907?6161 John M. McManus - 614/223?2897 Terry E. Pritchett - 313/556-2644 Tom Rasmussen - 202/833-9636 Erie Reiner - 612/778?6176 John Shiller - 313/594-4271 D. Smith 314/554?4830 or 314/231?1890 James A. Smithson - 217/362?7649 Fred Starheim - 330/334-5433 Mike Strobe-11 704/875-5493 Marie Takemoto - 810/576~7928 Porter J. - 217/422?91 74 1/30/97 null?w ation George Lauer - 213/486-2021 Robert H. McFadden - 202/326-5528 Tom Parker, Jr. 703/74 145916 James Pinto - 914/253-7895 John Shiaes - 202/638-1043 Charles R. Sharp - 616/533-6391 Chuck Hakkarinen - 415/8554069 AIAM-052207 GCC - Science and Technology Assessment Committee February '12, 1997 Member of GCC STAC Agenda and Materials for the Mean; 20 Conlhrence Call The February meeting of will be a. conference call starting at :00 pm (EST) on Thursday, February 20. To participate in the call, dial 800-982-5961. Your participant code for the call is 921515. The agenda for the call will be: 1. Approval of the minutes if the January 16 meeting (attached) 2. Status of the American Council on Science and Health Study 3. Plans for GCC participation in the TPCC Workshop on integrated Assessment 4. TPCC Special Report on ?Methodological and Tl?echnoltigical Aspects of '.l.?eehnology Trans?er? (See attached material) 5. API questions on extreme weather events 6. Plans For the March 20 meeting 7. Any other business The call should be ?nished by 2:00 p.111. If you have any other items for the agenda, please let me know by phone or fax (76343464972). One other item; an updated STAC mailing lisr. is also attached. Zepuq L. S. Bernstein AIAM-052208 GLOBAL CLIMATE COALITION 7 FEB 3 1997 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE MEETING moms FOR JANUARY 16, 1997 Meeting was held at the o?ces of Southern Company at 1130 Conn. Ave. NW. Tim Ban?eld from Allegehny Power and Marie Takemoto from were in attendance by conference phone. From 12:00 noon until 1:00 pm, a luncheon speaker was provided for the STAC members. Dr. Lou Pitelka of the Appalachian Environmental Laboratory of the University of Maryland gave a luncheon presentation on Plant Migration and Climate Change. A copy of his presentation overheads are attached for your information. The business portion of the meeting began a 1:00 A copy of the attendees list is attached. Minutes from the November 21 1996 STAC Meeting were approved with a couple of minor editorial changes. Discussion of December AGBM Negotiating Sessions - Lenny Bernstein and Bob Gehri led a discussion of the most recent negotiating sessions under the Framework Convention on Climate Change. Lenny summarized the negotiations under the AGBM and Bob discussed the subsidiary body meeting of the SBSTA. GCC Report 9 John Shlaes gave a summary of recent GCC activities. The State Department will hold a brie?ng on their submission to the Secretariat on the language for a protocol or other legal instrument, Friday Jan. 17, 1997 at 2:00 This will be a combined brie?ng for both environmental and business The German Government is making progress toward being able to handle communications and other logistics at the next negotiating session that will be held in Bonn. The GCC has a block of rooms at the Bristol Hotel in Bonn, and each person is responsible for making his/her reservations directly with the hotel. The GCC has a FAX form for this purpose. Through participation in various meetings with Clinton Administration of?cials, the GCC has learned that the Administration is willing to drop all caveats associated with the science of the climate change issue when speaking publicly. These caveats are those directly from the LPCC Second Assessment Report. The health issue is increasing in importance with the climate change issue, as well as with other environmental issues such as PM standards and ozone standardsprepared to respond to the issue this year. AIAM-052209 - Status of the ACSH Health Effects Study - The ACSH proposal that was selected by the STAC at the last meeting has now been through ail of the approval process. The agreement between ACSH and the GCC will be in the form of a grant and not a contract. . The GCC lawyers have commented on the dra? letter of understanding that was prepared by Lenny for the GCC. Dr. Thomas Orem has been selected as the principal investigator for the ACSH Study. 21> A week or ten days of additional time should be enough to resolve the remaining issues so that work can proceed. Phase of the study will be funded from the GCC budget and Phase 2 will be funded from the GCC Special Projects Fund when the ?md become available. it Watson Paper on the IPCJQ and the Thu-L Assessment Report The GCC obtained a. dralt copy of a paper by Bob Watson on the ?xture of the IPCC and the ., structure of the IPCC Third Assessment Report. Copies of the paper were distributed to STAG members. Cements on this draft are to be given to Lenny by noon on Tues. January 21. Chuck Hakkarinen showed an overhead on how the emissions scenarios development and the GCM runs should drive the IPCC Working Group Third Assessment Report process sequentially rather than in parallel. This would require that approximately two more years would be needed to produce the Third Assessment Report than the schedule laid out in the Watson paper. This concept is important so that Working Groups II and 111 would be their assessments with the most up to date science available. This is particularly signi?cant since much of the work of Working Group I will be on the development of regional climate impacts. - American Geophysical Union Meeting - Chuck Hakkarinen summarized this recent meeting for the GCC STAC members. He provided an abstract of the papers presented and noted several papers that may be of interest to the STAC membership. I IPCC wo?gshop on Integrated Assessment The question was posed to the STAC if? any GCC member companies were planning on sending anyone to the Workshop in March. No one responded that they had plans to send someone directly. EPRI is planning on sending an EPRI contractor to the meeting- The STAC discussed the situation and made the recommendation that Lenny offer as an action item to the Operating Committee Meeting the next day, that the STAC use some of? the IPCC Tracker budget to send a representative to this meeting since the outcome is of vital importance to the GCC STAC. This was a consensus opinion of the STAC. AIAM-052210 . Twin Cities Conference - Erie Reiner discussed presentations that were made at the recent Cltles Conference. Overview summaries of presentations by Schneider, Mendleson, Richels, and Claussen among others were presented. Next STAC Meeting - The next meeting will be on Feb. 20th and will be by conference call. The time will be 1:00-3:00 pm. EST. The March meeting will be a face-touface meeting after the next AGBM negotiating session. It will be hosted by John Holt at NRECA. AIAM-052211 Attendee Robert P. Gehri Jerrel Smith Howard Feldman Chuck Hakkarinen Chuck Sharp Lenny Bernstein Torry Jim Smithson John Holt Eric Reiner Eric Kuhn Louis Pitelka Marie Takemoto Tim Ban?eld Company Southern Company Union Electric API, EPRI GM AAMA Mobil GM Illinois Power NRECA 3M for CMA Cinergy Corp. Univ. of Maryland Allegehny Power GCC STAG Meeting January 16, 1997 Attendees List Phone/FAX (205) 257?6720 257*7294 (314) 554-2106 85 554-4830 (202) 682-8340 85 682-8270 (415) 855-2592 8554069 (616) 533-3127 533-6391 (703) 846-3530 ?35 346?2972 (313) 556-7566 550-2644 (217) 362-7979 326-7649 (703) 901.5805 907-5517 (612) 778-5079 778-6176 (513) 287?4061 287?3499 (301) 689-3115 ext.212 By Conference Call By Conference Call AIAM-052212 Plant Migration and Climate Change To what extent will limits on rates of plant migration constrain the capacity of ecosystems to adjust to climate change? Plant Migration and Climate Change 2 January, 199? Equilibrium Analyses of Biome and Species Shifts Comparisons of two hypothetical equilibrium states Maps of biome and species shifts imply potential for rapid migration VEMAP results (4/95 presentation to GCC) chapters Plant Migration and Climate Change - 'f 2 January, 199? Problems with Equilibrium Analyses 1' Equilibrium analyses ignore transient dynamics lags due to: dieback of existing vegetation dispersal/migration establishment, competition, maturation, succession - Time lags may have 1111p ant implications - e. for carbon storage, esthetics .. Plant Migration and Cii?late Change - 2. January, 199? x. The Potential Importance of Migration Two extreme points of View: - The capacity of plants to migrate is so limited that species will have to evolve in place - migration will not be able to keep up with climate change VS. - Plants will be able to migrate suf?ciently fast so that migration potential is not an issue Plant Migration and Climate Change I 2 January, 199? What Do We Know About Plant Migration? Evidence comes from a variety of sources: Paleoecologica] records of pollen - Contemporary invasions Experimental analyses Modeling . Plant Migration and Clinlate Change . 2 January, 1997 Insights from the Paleo Record 0 Plant (11 ee) species were able to rapidly repopulate regions following glacial retreat Species were able to cross major barriers (mountains, lakes) with no trouble Two major patterns of spread observed: wave? like over large areas with low relief and minimal habitat variability (e g. E. North America) from refugia in topographically complex areas Great Basin) Plant Migration and Climate Change I 2 January, 1997 The Puzzle of Rapid Spread Experimental and modeling analyses of actual dispersal patterns of plants suggest very limited migration potential, is; observed rapid rates from paleo record Solution may be rare, long distance jumps that are dif?cult or impossible to observe Limited pollen evidence Contemporary evidence . Modeling if?tail? of dispersal curve is extended, models predict rapid and accelerating migration Wm Plant Migration and Climate Change 2 January, 199? Additional Insights from Fossil Record - Long distance jumps and ?outliers? are key There were some periods Younger Dryas) of extremely rapid climate change, and plants successfully migrated Holocene migration rates were fast and then slowed, the opposite of what modeling predicts migration may have been limited by rate of climate change stair Plant Migration and Climate Change 2 January, 1997 If Contemporary Invasions Invasions by exotic plants increasingly frequent Exotic plant invasions offer some insights but also differ I, in important ways Example of Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) invasion of Great Basin took only 40 years most of spread in last 10 years of that period initially 5, then close to 50 foci, then coalescence an annual, rapidly dispersing weed 2 January, 199? Other Considerations Dispersal mode - does it make a difference? availability of animal dispersers role of human?aided dispersal - Habitat heterogeneity and fragmentation - fragmentation lowers migration rates beyond some threshold Role of disturbance (fire) in facilitating invasion .. . Generation time - varies among species; can be long and limit rate of migration Plant Migration and Climate Chnge I, 2 January, 1 997' Modeling Transient Dynamics of Vegetation Change Dynamic Global Vegetation Models are being developed as next generation of models to predict carbon cycle and ecosystem consequences of climate change and vegetation shifts - Operate at coarse spatial scale (0.50 0.50) Incorporate only 5-10 functional types of plants Unclear how to incorporate migration given these constraints Plant Migration and Climate Change 2 January, 1997 If Can We Say About liaut Migration in the Future? Dispersal capacity per Se is not as serious a limitation as some once thought Habitat loss and fragmentation threaten species directly and also can restrict migration - Outliers are key; humans establish outliers in gardens - Capacity to disperse ill vary among species; are Species may be most threatened - Competition, maturation time, and succession may create greater lags than migration r? Plant Migration and Climate Chnge i 2 January, 1997 GLOBAL LS. BERNSTEIN FEB 4 1997 MEMORANDW RECEIVED DATE: January 31, 1997 T0: GCC Operating Committee FROM: John Shlaes SUBJECT: IPCC Please ?nd attached information from N. Sundararmnan (Secrotary of the IPCC) announcing that the IPCC Technical Paper titled, Methodological and Technological Aspr of Technology Transfer has been reclassi?ed as a "Special Report". forte: also asks Organizations for their nominations for Lead Authors and Contributing Authors to this report. The'deadline for submission of Authors by Organizations is March 1997. Please fill out the attached form and return to the GCC of?ces by no later than March 6 if you wish the GCC to nominate you or one of your colleagues. 1331 Avenue, NW - Suite 1500 - North Tower - Washington, DC 20004-1703 Telephona: (202) (SST-3162 Fax: (202) 638-1082 - Fax: {202} (338-1043 AIAM-052225 GLOBAL CLEMATE COALETEON PLEASE FAX BACK TO THE GCC OFFICES AT (202) 638-1043 BY NO LATER THAN MARCH 6, 1997 GCC NOMINATION FOR IPCC AUTHORSHIP Please ?ll out. the relevant information below including area of expertise, experience and other information you may deem relevant as indicated by the attached IPCC cover letter. PLEASE SUBMIT MY NAME FOR NOMWATION AS AN AUTHOR TO THE SPECIAL REPORT ON METHODDLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Please register me as a LEAD AUTHOR Please register me as a CONTRIBUTING AUTHOR NAME: ORGANIZATION: ADDRESS: PHONE: FAX: EMAIL ADDRESS: AREA OF EXPERTISE: EXPERIENCE: PUBLICATIONS): OTHER: 1331 Avenue, NW - Sultew?l 500 - North Tower Washington. DC 20004-1?03 (202) 637-3162 - Fax: (202) 6384 032 - Fax: (202) 638-1043 AIAM-052226 INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE No. GENEVA. 17 January 1997 Annexes: 2 ir/Madam, I have the honour of informing you that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) at its Twelfth Session (Mexico City. 11-13 September 1996) reprogrammed its earlier Technical Paper on Methodological and Technological Aspects of Technology Transfer as a Special Report. The reason for mis decision was to enable the inclusion of useful information on the subject which has become available since the completion of the IPCC Second Assessment Report (1995). The paper was initiated originally at the request of the Subsidiary Body for Scienti?c and Technological Advice (SBSTA) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN and that body has been informed of the IPCC decision, - The Special Report is expected to be completed in early 1999. The schedule is under development and includes a number of expert meetings. Copies of the draft schedule and the suggested contents are attached for your reference. The Special Report is intended to assess experience on such issues as types of transfer, technology evaluation. and options. (ii) sectors targeted. role of participants Governments. private sector. 1005. N003). (iv) approaches to promoting cooperation. and issues related to capacity building. The Special Report will also assess experience with a variety of arrangements which have brought about transfer of technology. ranging from commercial agreements among private-sector firms to transfers facilitated thmugh support from government or multilateral institutions. Each section of the Special Report will be drafted by a Writing Team of Lead Authors. According to the IPCC Procedures. at least one member of each Writing Team must be from the developing world. Organizations must be prepared to support their Lead Author-(s) for participation in the drafting, revising and ?nalizing the chapter(s). To: Executive Heads of International and Other Organizations ti '1 UNEP AIAM-052227 Ix} I am writing to seek nominations from your Organization for Lead Authors and Contributing Authors for the Writing Teams. A copy of the functions of an IPCC Lead! Contributing Author as described by the IPCC is attached for your information. The nominations should include complete contact information (address, phone/fax numbers. area of expertise. experience in that area and publication record of the nominee(s), and other information that you deem relevant. Experts nominated as Lead Authors should be willing and able to devote approximately two to three months to preparing the report in each of 1997 and 1998. Those who served as Lead and Contributing Authors during the preparation of the IPCC Second Assessment Report will be considered for inclusion in. the Writing Teams. I should be grateful to receive your Organization?s nomination(s) as soon as possible but no later than 7 March 1997. Please send your nomirtation(s) directly to the IPCC Working Group II Technical Support Unit. attention: Dr. Richard Moss, Code 300 Street SW. Washington. DC. USA. fax: +1 202 358 4104. email: The composition of the Writing Team will be decided by the Bureau of Working Group II of the IPCC, which is responsible for the completion of the Special Report, in consultation with the Chairman of the IPCC and. as necessary, the (Io-Chairmen of the other two IPCC Working Groups. Copies of this letter are being sent to the IPCC Contact Points of your Organization. if any, for information. With best regards, (alt/71b "3 N. Sundararatnan Secretary of the IPCC AIAM-052228 Special Report on Methodological Issues in Technology Transfers: Opportunities for Technology Cooperation oratt Outline introduction De?nition of technology transfer/cooperation Aims of technology cooperation capability) Sources of new information Terms of reference for the report Technology cooperation for climate-change adaptation and mitigation Characteristics of the climate change issue and implications for technology cooperation i. Context of and dual goal of economic development and atmospheric Stabilization ii. Long time horizons and lags in both the climate and energy systems Integrating climate-change adaptation and mitigation with overall path of economic and technological development iv. Need for wide participation and global co?operation v. North-South and South-South dimensions vi. Challenges of and opportunities for technological leapvt?rogging vii. Challenges of and Opportunities for privateusector involvement Technology classi?cations (equipment. infrastructure, and precesses) relevant to climate change i. Adaptation technologies ii. Energy demand management technologies Energy supply technologies (fossil-based: renewable; and other) iv. Laid-use technologies (agriculture and forestry; waste management) v. Mature vs. cutting edge technologies Key players and roles in technology cooperation for climate change i. Players: Private firms; risk capital community; entrepreneurs; universities: technology brokerage organizations; government agencies/policymakers; NGOs: local communities and coupetatives ii. Roles: technology sources and users; transfer intermediaries; support roles Types/Mechanism of technology cooperation for climate change This section will illustrate how can the conditions be createdlimproved which encoura?e private sector involvement in technology cooperation for sustainable energy (and other AIAM-052229 climate) [achnology, [i will also enamine the appropriate roles for governments. and intergovernmental organizations in creating these conditionsTechnology development joint R. Transfer of information and know-how (cg. exchange of tee hnical personnel; information dissemination; demonstrations) Hardware transfer through private-sector business transactions (cg. investments, subsidiaries). foreign assistance, and other mechanisms Joint activities among players (cg, joint implementation and emissions trading; production sharing; marketing.?schicc agreements; technology licensing) Financing support (transaction costs; insurance: bi- and mum-lateral transfers. including foreign assiStance: and international ?nancial institutions private sector. regional and global multilaterals, etc.) Legal/institutional support (eg. developing rules/guidelines for protection of intellectual property. tradevsecret protection. etc.) Barriers to technology cooperation and application Lack of adequate ?nancing Different expectations of private sector and players in developing countries institutional/legal barriers 3.. different regulatory policies; inadequate rules for protecting intellectual property rights, trade secrets, etc.; export controls Macro-economic barriers 3.. failure to internalize externalities in energy and other resource prices; subsidies; uncertainty regarding prices and markets: high costs of capital in many developing countries; poverty and lack of ?nancial resources for households/small businesses to access technologies and commercial forms of energy) Project-level barriers lack of infrasrrucmre/capacity, need for training; need for maintenance: problems; different objectives; transactions costs) Informational barriers isolation from markets/suppliers/investors; lack of demonstration opportunities) Cultural and attitudinal barriers Case studies of successful technology cooperation and application Case studies will be selected, using the promising list of technologies identi?ed in the SAR and the Technologies. Policies. and Measures Technical Paper. for adaptation and mitigation technologies (energy demand management. supply, and land-use). Each case Study will be based on a common template, illustrating issues identi?ed above relevant to each case, including: A. identi?cation of opportunities for multiple bene?ts (promoting adaptation/mitigation while also promoting sustainable economic development, reducing other environmental problems. etc.) IQ AIAM-052230 barriers. as above roles of different players and institutions in overcoming barriers and promoting technology. cooperation (including financing Support. policies/measures. etc.) potential replicability and market/economic potential to enhance adaptation or reduce emissions E. evaluation 130.55 Examples could include Success?tl/unsuccessfui attempts to apply various technologies, including: Replacing unsustainable traditional uses of bio-fuels with modern energy carriers Modern bio-energy and other renewable energy forms Energy ef?ciency improvements in buildings. industry. and transportation end~use sectors Improvements to agricultural presences low-tillage agriculture) Large?scale substitution of CFCs under the Montreal Protocol no on? V1. Issues for future analysis and assessment VII. Conclusions AIAM-052231 Special Report on Technology Transfer Preliminary Schedule 1997 January 17 Letter soliciting nominations of lead authors sent from IPCC Secretariat. March 7 Author nominations due to WG II TSU from governments. March 10?26 WGII TSU compiles nominations and sends them to IPCC Chair and Secretary. WGII Bureau, and Co-Chairs of other Working Groups. who review nominations and send comments to the TSU and WG II (Co-chairs. Author team finalized by March 26. March 26-27 Letters sent to authors and governments from IPCC Secretary, notifying them of final author selecrion. May 6?8 Firsr Lead Authors? Meeting: review/revise draft outline and common definitions/concepts; develop detailed workplan for preparation of the report. May l2 September 12 (17 weeks) Authors prepare zero-order draft. Authors and WG II Bureau identify potential eitpert reviewers of zero-order draft; authors distribute chapters to TSU and reviewers by September 12. September 15 - October 13 (4 weeks) Informal expert review of zero-order draft. Expert comments due to WG II TSU by October 13. October 27-29 Second Lead Authors' Meeting. October 30 - December 12 (6 weeks) Authors revise zero-order drafts; prepare first drafts. December 15-19 TSU collates ?rsr drafts, distributes to expert reviewers for fennel expert review. December 22 - January 31, 1998 (6 weeks) Formal expert review of first draft: eitpert comments due on January 31. 1998 February 2-6 TSU collates comments and forwards them to Lead Authors. AIAM-052232 February 2-3-26 - Third Lcad Aurhors' Meeting. February 27 - April 24 (8 weeks) Revisions by lead authors in response to. review second drafts due to WG II TSU by April 24. TSU coordinates preparation of list of government contacts, With IPCC Secretariat, for government revrew. April 27 - May 8 TSU production of government-review draft. with disrribution to governments. May 11 - July 17 (10 weeks) Government/ Organization Review. July 20-24 TSU collalcs comments and distributes {ham [0 lead authors and WG II Bureau. August 4-6 Final Lead Authors' Meeting August 10 - September 25 (7 weeks) Authors make ?nal revisions to rdport in response: to Government/Organization review comments. September 28 - October 9 TSU ?nalizcs and formats ?nal draft and sends governments for pre-plcnary revicw. December 1-3 WG II Plenary for review and acceptance of report. approval of Summary for Policymakers. February 1999 Special Report disuibuccd. AIAM-052233 TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR LEAD AUTHORS. CONTRIBUTORS AND EXPERT REVIEWERS OF IPCC REPORTS . AN IPCC GOVERNMENT CONTACTS 1. LEAD AUTHORS (LAS) Funcrion: To produce designated sections addressing items of the work programme on the basis of the best scienti?c and technical information available. Lead anthors will typically work as small groups which have responsibility for ensuring that the various components of their sections are brought together on time, are of uniformly high quality and conform to any overall standards of style set for the document as a whole. The task of lead authors is a demanding one and in recognition of this the names of Us should appear prominently in the final report. During the final Stages of report preparation. when the workload is often particularly heavy and when lead authors are heavily dependent upon each other to read and edit material. and to agree to changes- prompdy. it is essential that the work should be accorded the highest priority. The essence of the lead authors' task is of material drawn from the peer reviewed literature. generated at workshops or submitted by contributors. Lead authors may not necessarily write original text themselves. but they must have the proven technical ability to develop text that is scienti?cally sound and that faithfully represents. to the extent that this is possible. contributions by a wide variety of experts. The ability to work to deadlines is also a necessary practical requirement. Principles Governing IPCC Work2 require LAs to record views which cannot be reconciled with a consensus view but which are nonetheless scienti?cally or technically valid. Lead authors may convene meetings with contributors. as appropriate. in their preparations. of their sections and to suggest any workshops in their relevant areas to the Subgroup or Working Group co~chairs. 3 See appendix A. AIAM-052234 2. CONTRIBUTORS Function: To prepare technical information in the form of-text. graphs or data for assimilation by the lead authors into the draft section. Comment: input from a wide range of contributors is a key element in the success of assessments. and the names of all contributors should be acknowledged in the reports. Contributions are sometimes solicited by Lead Authors bur unptompted contributions are positively encouraged. Contributed material may be edited. merged and if necessary. amended, in the course of developing the overall draft texr. 3. EXPERT REVIEW ERS Function: To comment on the accuracy and completeness of the scienti?citechnical content and the overall sciemi?c/technical balance of the drafts. Comment: Expert reviewers will comment on the text according to their own knowledge and experience. They may be nominated by Governments. national and international Organizations, Working Group Bureaus. Lead Authors and contributors. 4. GOVERNMENT REVIEW Function: To comment on the accuracy and completeness of the scientific/technical content and the overall scientific/technical balance of the drafts. Comment: Government review will typically be carried out within and between a number of Departments and Ministries. Countries may convene their own seminars and workshops to review draft reports and advise on comments. For administrative convenience. countries should nominate a single IPCC Government Contact. AIAM-052235 APPENDIX A \l introduction 1. The its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council and UNEP Governing Council resolutions and decisions. . . 2. The Bureau shall re?ect balanced geographic representation. IPCC Working Groups and any task forces established by the Plenary shall re?ect balanced geographic representation with due consideration for scienti?c and technical requirements. 3. Working Groups and any task forces constituted by the Plenary shall have clearly de?ned and approved mandates and work plans as established by the Plenary, and shall be'opemended. 4. invitations to Plenary, Working Group and task force sessions shall be extended to Governments and other bodies by the Chairman of the IPCC. 5. Experts Rom Member countries or intemational. intergovernmental or non-goverruncntal organizations may be invited in their own right to contribute to the work of the IPCC Working Groups and task forces. Govermnents should be informed in advance of invitations extended to experts from their countries and if they wish may nominate additional experts. Emsdum 6. In taking decisions, drawing conclusions, and adopting reports, the Plenary and Working Groups shall use all best endeavours to reach consensus. if consensus is judged by the relevant body not possible: for decisions on procedural issues. these shall be decided according to the General Regulations ofthe mm for conclusions and adoption of reports. differing views shall be explained and, upon request, recorded. 7. Conclusions drawn by IPCC Working Groups or task forces are not of?cial views until they have been discussed and accepted by the Plenary. 3. Invitations to IPCC Plenary, Working Group and task force sessions should be extended at least six weeks in advanc. AIAM-052236 ll). 11. 12. Major reports. basic doo'umentalion and other available reports For consideration at Plenary and Working Group sessions shall bra-made available by the IPCC Secretarial four weeks in advance. to the extent possible. in all Of?cial UN languages. Working paper; shall be circulated as far in advance as Interpretation into all of?cial-UN languages should be provided for all and Plenary and Working Group sessions. The sessions of working Groups and task forces shall be co-ordinaled with other international meetings, including sessions of the and UNCED Preparatory Committee. These Principles are to be reviewed at least annually and amended as appropriate. AIAM-052237 SCIFN A I) GLOBAL :1 I II N: l' I if]: Company Nam: Telephone a; a Allegheny Puwer Tim Bunficld 800 Cabin Hill Drive Greensbulg. PA 15001 Amerimn Automobile Robert ll, McFadden Manui'aclurcm Ansnuiuliou [4011-1 Street, NW Suite 900 Washington. DC 20005 American Electric Power John Ml McMunus Servicc Corparmion I Riverside Plaza Columbus, 01143215 American Petroleum Inslimtc Mitchell l3ncr l220 NW Washington: DC 20005-4070 American Pulmluum Institute Howard Feldman 1220 Street. NW Wunhingmn, DC 20005-4070 American Petroleum Institute Russell Jones 1220 Street, NW Washington. DC 2000574070 ARGO George Lnucr 515 South Flnwer AP 4171 Los Angelesl (3A |90071 Association of Imcnmuonnl (neg Dunn 1001 19111 Street, Suixe l200 Arlmgum. VA 22209-1722 .4-- IMAM-052238 Automotive Control Jun M. mugs GM Building. Floor 3044 Wagl. Grand Boulevard Detroit, MI 48202 Chemical Munul'ucturcrs 'l'l-mmns Parker, In Assuumlitm 'l'uwer 1300 Wilson Blvd. Arlingmn, VA 22066 Corporan'on Marie Takemoto 4R1--0077l 'l'euhnology sou Driw East Auburn Hills. MI 48326-2757 lnc. (00AM) Eric c. Kuhn O, Box 96001-5201) 139 East Fourth Street Room SSZ-A Chicinnati, OH A5102 Duke Mikc Strobe" MG-OJC 13339 Hagcrs Furry Rand NC 23078-7929 Edlsan Eluctr' bulimic John Kinsman 701 Avenue. NW Washingmn, DC Elecu'ic Power Resemch Chuck Hakkalimn Insdtutc" 34l2 Hillview Avenue O. Box 10412 l'alu Alta. CA 94304 0813 Obsen VUI Ill Exxon Sciences, Danni: J. Devlin Inc. Mettlers Road CN 23 50 East Millstone, NJ 083754.350 Exxon Rcscarch Enginaaring Cmupmy Roule 22E Amandalc, NJ 0880] Brian Flanucry Exxun Biamudical Sciences, inc, Merllers Road. CN 2350 East Millstone, NJ 085754350 Dcnuls .lv Devlin Ford Motor Company The American Road Room 237: WHQ Denrborn. Ml Milli-1899 General Metals Corporafinn 3044 Was! Grand Blvd. MC 43271127157 Detroit, MI 48202 John 'ihiller Terry E. Prilclzeu Cunsululm Allumey A: Law GM) 4440 Ridge Run Bellaire, MI 406l6 Global Climate Coalixion l331 Avenu: North Tuwer' Suilu 1500 DC 20004 Charles R, Sharp Eric Huldsworlli Global Climate Conliliun 1331 Avenue North Tuwcr. Suite 1500 Washingmn. DC 20004 Illinois Power company 500 South 27th Strum Decatur, ll, 62525 Mobil Corporation 3225 Gallows Road. 5D-004 Fairfax. VA 22037 i, John Shlacs James A. Smitlisnn Leonard S. Bernstein Nalinnal Mining Association 113017111 Sweet, NW Washington, DC 20036-4677 Tum Rnsmussm Ill I National Rural John Holt Association 4301 Wilsan Boulevard Allinglun, VA 22203-1360 Oliin Edison Campany le Swim-m 75 South Main sum Akmn, OH 44308 i Paramount Technical Services Bi'anson Gardner 13965 Mile: Road Garfield Heights. OH 4-1125 Southern Comiyuny Serviccs, Robert P. Gehzi Inc, Economic Analysis. IAN-8195 EDD Nonh 18111 IAN-8195 0. Box 2625 Birmingham, AL 35202-21125 Ill Texan), 1ch James Pinln 20ml Avenue White Plains, NY 10650 3M Envlronmenlal Engineering L'ric A. Reincr 8: Polluliun Cunml 3le Building 935 Bush Avenue SL PauL MN 55106 i Union Electric Company Jeri-cl L). Smith P. 0' Box 149 St. Louis. MO 63166 . . Western Fuels Association luc. Ned Lemimd 4301 Wilsan Buuleviird Suile 305 VA 22203-1860 Wumcldorfl'Assuuimes Lu" Porter 1' Womeldurff 735 Country Mann: Drirc Decatur, IL 62521-2524 *Representing Illinois Power in M7