U.S. Department of Justice FY 2019 Contingency Plan - January 10, 2019 This FY 2019 Contingency Plan covers Department of Justice (DOJ or the Department) operations during a lapse in appropriations. The Antideficiency Act restricts the Federal Government’s ability to obligate funds in advance of appropriations or beyond appropriated levels. During a lapse in appropriations, the Department will only continue the following categories of activities: 1. Those funded by a source that has not lapsed, such as permanent indefinite appropriations and carryover of no-year funds appropriated in a prior year; 2. Those for which there is an express authority to continue during an appropriations lapse; 3. Those for which authority to continue during an appropriations lapse arises by necessary implication; 4. Those related to the discharge of the President’s constitutional duties and powers; and 5. Those related to “emergencies involving the safety of human life or the protection of property,” i.e., where there is a reasonable likelihood that the safety of human life or the protection of property would be compromised, in some significant degree, by delay in the performance of the function in question. The Department of Justice is comprised of about 40 components that have a broad array of national security, law enforcement, and criminal justice system responsibilities. The Department’s mission is to enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law; to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic; to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime; to seek just punishment for those guilty of unlawful behavior; and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans. Therefore, a significant portion of the Department’s mission relates to the safety of human life and the protection of property, and primarily for this reason, the Department has a high percentage of activities and employees that are excepted from the Antideficiency Act restrictions and can continue during a lapse in appropriations. Other activities and employees are excepted because they are funded with multi-year or no-year appropriations, or because they are Presidential appointees, most of whom are excepted from furlough because they are not covered by the leave system in 5 U.S.C. Chapter 63. 1 Note that the contingency plan assumes that, at the time of a shutdown, all Components and Subcomponents normally headed by a Presidential Appointee are in fact headed by a Presidential Appointee. If at the time of shutdown the Note: Former career Senior Executive Service (SES) appointees who receive a Presidential appointment that would normally convey an exemption from the leave system may be eligible to elect to retain SES leave benefits under 5 U.S.C. § 3392(c). If SES leave benefits are so elected, such a Presidential Appointee would be subject to furlough under 5 CFR part 359, subpart H, unless otherwise excepted. 1 Page 1 of 13 Department does not have Presidential appointees in one or more of those positions, the Department will determine the excepted status of those who are acting in those positions in accordance with the criteria above. Agency Summary: The total number of agency employees on-board at the time of the implementation of the Contingency Plan was 113,546 2 (see Table 2). Based on data as of June 23, 2018, for a lapse in appropriations for the first 5 calendar days of fiscal year 2019, 95,302 DOJ employees were excepted from furlough (see Table 1), representing 84% of DOJ on-board employees. Table 1: Department of Justice FY 2019 Contingency Plan Exceptions Employees Excepted from Furlough Categories Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 3 Employees whose compensation is financed by a resource other than annual appropriation (also referred to as “exempt employees”) Employees necessary to perform activities expressly authorized by law to continue during a lapse in appropriations Employees necessary to perform activities necessarily implied by law Employees necessary to the discharge of the President’s constitutional duties and powers Employees necessary to protect life and property Total Total Excepted Employees FY 2019 6,411 1,031 16,139 N/A 71,721 95,302 The Department’s plan is consistent with Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) opinions and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) guidance and conforms to the following general principles: - The law enforcement capacity of the U.S. Government should not be impaired or perceived to be impaired. To do so could constitute an imminent threat to the safety of human life and the protection of property. - Component heads were directed to be conservative in designating employees as “excepted,” especially those in headquarters or other “overhead” functions and occupations. Also, components may call some employees back to work if the need for their services becomes critical, and to furlough others as conditions change. Onboard staffing data are derived from DOJ’s payroll system and reflect information from pay period 12, ending June 23, 2018. 3 Note that this number includes employees funded with carryover, multi-year and no-year funding appropriated in prior years. The number of excepted employees in this category may decrease over the course of an appropriations lapse as carryover funding is depleted. 2 Page 2 of 13 - Ancillary support services will be maintained only to the extent necessary to support excepted operations. These ancillary functions include very limited legislative affairs and other congressional support activities, public affairs activities, and community outreach, which may be conducted only to the extent the failure to perform those functions prevents or significantly damages the functioning of a funded component, the operations of other funded parts of the Government, or the performance of an excepted function. While mail will continue to be an excepted function, the number of staff on board to process mail will be reduced; therefore, the public should reasonably expect delays in mail delivery. - Employees may not be reassigned or given new duties, and offices may not be restructured, in order to move individuals from a non-excepted function into an excepted function (although some rotational coverage of excepted positions will occur). With respect to litigation, the Department’s plan assumes that the Judicial Branch will continue to operate through the furlough. 4 Therefore: - Criminal litigation will continue without interruption as an activity essential to the safety of human life and the protection of property. - Civil litigation will be curtailed or postponed to the extent that this can be done without compromising to a significant degree the safety of human life or the protection of property. Litigators will continue to approach the courts and request that active cases, except for those in which postponement would compromise to a significant degree the safety of human life or the protection of property, be postponed until funding is available. If a court denies such a request and orders a case to continue, the Government will comply with the court’s order, which would constitute express legal authorization for the activity to continue. The Department will limit its civil litigation staffing to the minimum level needed to comply with the court’s order and to protect life and property. Receipt of summonses, pleadings and motions by mail may be delayed. Assumptions relating to training activities (in components whose funding has lapsed) are as follows: 5 - In order to ensure the proper execution of the Department’s emergency functions, components may determine that the training of new employees in positions that have been designated as “emergency” is an excepted function. The federal courts are continuing to hear and decide cases during the lapse in appropriations utilizing fees and noyear appropriations. When this source of funding is exhausted, furloughs may impact the number of cases courts will hear. 5 The Department of Homeland Security closed the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC). DOJ staff assigned to FLETC and trainees at FLETC are furloughed unless they are directed to work on excepted activities. 4 Page 3 of 13 - To the extent that the training of new “emergency” employees is in process or about to begin when a lapse occurs, components should consider whether a short delay (for example, over the weekend) in the training will compromise emergency functions. If such a delay will not compromise emergency functions, components should consider keeping the employees at the training center but delaying the training itself, or not sending the employees to the training during the brief delay. If at any point the component determines that the delay in training might impact emergency functions, the training should resume. - New employees who are not in positions designated as “emergency” should not start work during the lapse and should not be trained. - In-service training of current employees, even those excepted from furlough, will be cancelled. - Training of state and local officers will be discontinued for the duration of the lapse in appropriations. - As a general rule, training for international law enforcement officers occurring in the United States will be cancelled. However, with respect to training of international law enforcement officers abroad (such as the training of officers who will be working in a combat zone), components will use their judgment to determine whether such training needs to occur immediately in order to protect human life or property. If so, such training may continue. Department of Justice programs funded with permanent indefinite appropriations or other funding not subject to annual appropriation (e.g., Diversion Control, Health Care Fraud and Abuse Control, Debt Collection, Assets Forfeiture Fund, Federal Prison Industries, Special Counsel) are displayed in the plan as excepted positions (and are also referred to as “exempted positions” in other contexts), because their funding is not dependent upon an enacted appropriation. Also, the Bureau of Prisons’ (BOP) Buildings and Facilities and Commissary accounts have multi-year authority and have adequate carryover funding to meet expenses during a lapse in appropriations. Employees paid from these funding sources are not dependent upon an enacted appropriation and are therefore considered excepted. Also included in the total are Presidential Appointees, most of whom are excepted from furlough because they are not covered by the leave system in 5 U.S.C. Chapter 63. This does not include non-career SES and Schedule C employees. Page 4 of 13 Individual DOJ Component Summaries: Following is a synopsis of the components’ plans for the Department of Justice, including the nature of the agency activities in which excepted employees will be engaged. The attached Table 2 provides the total number of employees in the component on-board when the plan was implemented; the total number of component employees excepted from furlough under each of the recognized exceptions; and the agency’s legal basis for each of its determinations to except employees. • General Administration (GA)/Working Capital Fund (WCF)/Justice Information Sharing Technology (JIST): Accounts include the Department’s Leadership and Senior Policy/Management Offices. This includes Presidential Appointees, who are not subject to furlough by virtue of their appointment status, while a sizeable number of employees in these organizations will be furloughed. The excepted employees will provide overall Departmental leadership and policy management for ongoing operations that protect life and property and for other excepted activities during the lapse of appropriations. The GA account also funds a portion of the functions and staff of the Justice Management Division (JMD). The excepted GA-funded JMD employees will provide Department-wide direction for staffs providing support for ongoing operations that protect life and property; direct support, including IT support, for Department-wide operations that protect life and property; and building security at the Main Justice Building. The Working Capital Fund is funded by reimbursements from a variety of sources, but primarily from sources that are appropriated annually and would not be available if there is a lapse in appropriations; therefore, only JMD employees performing excepted functions are excepted from furloughs. In addition, a number of JMD employees are funded by the Three Percent Fund for debt collection, which is not subject to annual appropriation, and thus these employees may continue to work during a lapse in appropriations. JMD also oversees the JIST and the WCF Information Technology accounts. Excepted employees in these areas are needed to operate the 24/7 Justice Security Operations Center, which provides information security for the Department’s systems. In addition, these employees are needed for information technology operations and systems that support ongoing law enforcement operations that will continue during any lapse in appropriations. • Executive Office for Immigration Review: Excepted employees are needed to process all immigration cases and appeals involving detained aliens, including criminal aliens; provide Headquarters oversight of excepted functions; provide administrative support for excepted functions; and preserve jurisdictional viability of discrimination cases within the Administrative Law Judge function. Page 5 of 13 • Office of the Pardon Attorney (OPA): There are no employees excepted from furlough. However, OPA’s mission is to assist the President in the exercise of his constitutional clemency power. Therefore, if an inmate facing execution in a capital case filed an application for commutation of sentence and appropriations lapsed, it is possible that some OPA employees would be excepted temporarily. Such applications for clemency are infrequent, but if one were to be pending during a lapse in appropriations, the exception for “discharge of the President’s constitutional duties and powers” might in fact apply to OPA employees needed to timely investigate the application, prepare the report and recommendation on the case, and effectuate the President’s decision under the Constitution to grant or deny clemency to the capital offender. • Office of the Inspector General: As a Presidential Appointee, the Inspector General is not subject to furlough. The excepted employees are needed to investigate allegations of bribery, fraud, abuse, civil rights violations and violations of other criminal laws and administrative procedures arising from the conduct of Department employees, contractors and grantees; support law enforcement functions; oversee emergency operations and provide legal advice and issue subpoenas; continue work on time-sensitive national security investigations; and provide security and administrative support for excepted personnel and emergency services. • U.S. Parole Commission (USPC): The excepted USPC employees are needed to respond to requests for emergency warrants and process parole certificates. Due to the constitutional prohibitions against the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, this litigation has continued and is expected to continue in all judicial districts. Also, the USPC anticipates that the U.S. Probation Offices and the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency for the District of Columbia (CSOSA) will continue to submit written requests for USPC action against offenders who have violated the conditions of their release. The Chairman and the Commissioners, as Presidential Appointees, are not subject to furlough. They will be available to approve each warrant before issuance. USPC has jurisdiction over federal offenders who committed offenses before November 1, 1987, as well as all District of Columbia (DC) offenders. Much of the DC caseload is driven by requests for warrants as a result of violations of the terms and conditions of parole. • National Security Division (NSD): As a Presidential Appointee, the Assistant Attorney General is not subject to furlough. The excepted employees are needed to ensure the Department’s national security investigations and prosecutions continue, that the Department’s national security activities are coordinated both within the Department and with other government agencies, and to represent the Intelligence Community before the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, which will remain open to facilitate the national security activities of United States in a manner consistent with the law. NSD will also provide legal advice to the Intelligence Community with respect to ongoing national security matters, and oversee the Department’s administration of the U.S. Government’s Page 6 of 13 authorities under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. In addition, excepted employees will continue work on pending counterterrorism, espionage, export control, and sanctions violations; coordinate and supervise the Department’s international terrorism, domestic terrorism, and weapons of mass destruction matters; and continue to review Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States matters, including responding to time-sensitive inquiries regarding the national security implications of corporate conduct in compliance with National Security Agreements. • General Legal Activities (GLA): The Solicitor General and the Assistant Attorneys General are Presidential Appointees, and are not subject to furlough. The GLA account includes the following components: Office of the Solicitor General, Tax Division, Criminal Division, Civil Division, Environment and Natural Resources Division, Office of Legal Counsel, Civil Rights Division, and INTERPOL Washington. The excepted employees are necessary to provide legal advice on ongoing excepted functions of the Executive Branch, including matters of national security and presidential authority, to the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, others within the Department, the White House, the National Security Council, and the Departments of State and Defense. Excepted employees will also review Attorney General Orders, Executive Orders and Proclamations, and presidential memoranda and directives; ensure that criminal litigation continues uninterrupted; seek continuances for civil and appellate litigation, except as necessary for the immediate protection of life or property; proceed with civil and appellate litigation should attempts to secure continuances fail; provide administrative advice and resource allocation guidance to Civil Rights Prosecution personnel and the Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Division, in the event of civil disorder; respond to and investigate complaints of alleged criminal civil rights violations involving endangerment of life or property and handle complaints from institutionalized persons concerning life-threatening situations. Also, excepted employees are needed to provide uninterrupted communications among federal, state, local and international law enforcement entities in furtherance of, among other things, criminal investigations and the apprehension of fugitives and criminal and illegal aliens. If a court denies a litigator’s request to postpone a case and orders it to continue, the litigation will become an excepted activity that can continue during the lapse. • Antitrust Division (ATR): As a Presidential Appointee, the Assistant Attorney General is not subject to furlough. The excepted employees are needed to conduct or directly support ongoing criminal trials, prepare for criminal proceedings that have been scheduled for court (including the handling of arraignments, pleas, and sentencing hearings), and conduct or support ongoing civil litigation in which a continuance cannot be obtained. They will also prepare cases that must be filed due to Hart-Scott-Rodino or statute of limitations deadlines, only when an extension or waiver cannot be obtained and ATR leadership determines that allowing a proposed merger to go forward without objection would pose a reasonable likelihood of peril to property in which the United States has an immediate interest. Page 7 of 13 • U.S. Attorneys: As Presidential Appointees, U.S. Attorneys are not subject to furlough. Excepted employees are needed to address ongoing criminal matters and civil matters of urgency throughout the Nation. Criminal litigation will continue without interruption as an excepted activity to maintain the safety of human life and the protection of property. Civil litigation will be curtailed or postponed to the extent this can be done without compromising to a significant degree the safety of human life or the protection of property. If a court denies a litigator’s request to postpone a case and orders it to continue, the litigation will become an excepted activity that can continue during the lapse. Headquarters support is maintained only to the extent necessary to support excepted operations. • U.S. Trustees Program: Excepted employees are needed to protect bankruptcy estate property through the appointment and oversight of fiduciaries and through other means. Excepted employees are responsible for coordinating meetings of debtors and creditors, as well as civil and criminal matters, including cases with the U.S. Attorneys and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Attempts will be made to curtail or postpone appearances before the Bankruptcy Courts. Excepted employees are limited to performing only those functions in which there is a definite risk of substantial property loss or violation of law. • Foreign Claims Settlement Commission: As Presidential Appointees, the Commissioners are not subject to furlough. All staff are furloughed; therefore, staff activity related to the settlement of foreign claims is postponed. • U.S. Marshals Service (USMS): The USMS is currently without a Director and the Acting Director is not a Presidential Appointee; as such, he is subject to furlough, unless otherwise excepted. The 94 U.S. Marshals in the Federal Districts are Presidential Appointees, but are subject to the Leave Act and, therefore, are also subject to furlough. However, since they all have duties directly related to the protection of life and property, they are excepted from furlough and will continue working. The excepted employees, including the Acting Director and the U.S. Marshals, are needed to carry out duties associated with judicial security; prisoner custody, security, and transportation; and fugitive apprehension. Some Headquarters personnel are also excepted as their functions are critical to the support of the U.S. Marshals and Deputy U.S. Marshals in the field – this support includes integrity assurance, oversight of investigative operations and judicial security, tactical operations, witness security, and management functions that include law and policy, budget and finance, procurement, information technology, human resource administration, and security. • Community Relations Service (CRS): As a Presidential Appointee, the Director is not subject to furlough. CRS provides critical assistance in resolving and preventing racial, ethnic and national origin community conflicts, violence, and civil disorder, and it helps communities struggling to recover in the aftermath of alleged violent hate crimes. A Page 8 of 13 minimum number of employees are necessary to provide a rapid response to emergency situations to protect the safety of human life or the protection of property. • Special Counsel’s Office (SCO): The Special Counsel’s Office is funded with a permanent indefinite appropriation. All direct employees are displayed as excepted positions because their funding is not dependent upon an enacted appropriation. One attorney left the Special Counsel’s Office after pay period 13. As of July 15, 2018, the SCO employs eight term employees directly, who are requested to be excepted in the FY 2019 contingency plan based on the exception justification provided above. • Interagency Crime and Drug Enforcement (ICDE): DOJ components participating in the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force (OCDETF) program have excepted their ICDE-funded personnel from furlough as appropriate within their agency designations. OCDETF provides reimbursable funding to its member agencies to support the salaries and expenses of their participating personnel. A small number of Executive Office employees are needed to provide day-to-day administrative support to the nine member agencies of the OCDETF Co-Located Strike Forces and to the OCDETF Fusion Center (OFC), which also houses the Department’s International Organized Crime Intelligence Operations Center (IOC-2). The nine Co-Located Strike Forces are designed to serve a dual purpose: they aggressively target the highest-level drug trafficking organizations; and they also function as a central point for gathering intelligence and disseminating investigative leads throughout the neighboring areas. The OFC is a comprehensive data center containing all drug and related financial intelligence information from all OCDETF- member investigative agencies and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): As a Presidential Appointee, the Director is not subject to furlough. Excepted personnel are needed because all operations of the FBI are directed toward national security and investigations of violations of law involving protection of life and property. Thus, the FBI must be able to continue existing investigations, open new investigations, and respond to all contingencies which might arise during a lapse of appropriations. Accordingly, all FBI agents and support personnel in the field are considered excepted from furlough. At FBI headquarters, the excepted personnel will provide direction and investigative support to all field operations and excepted headquarters functions. This includes personnel in the Criminal Justice Information Services Division, which provides fingerprint identification services to criminal and national security investigations, and the Records Management Division, which provides name check services to criminal and national security investigations. Excepted personnel also include nearly all federal employees supporting the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). Page 9 of 13 • Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA): DEA’s Administrator is a Presidential Appointee and is not subject to furlough. All agents in DEA field organizations are excepted from furlough because they support active counternarcotics investigations. This encompasses 23 domestic divisions, 7 regional foreign divisions, critical tactical support groups including the El Paso Intelligence Center and the Special Operations Division, forensic sciences, and technical surveillance support. DEA investigations need to continue uninterrupted so that cases are not compromised and the health and safety of the American public is not placed at risk. In addition, some headquarters personnel are critical to the support of agents actively engaged in investigative actions in the field – this support includes agency direction and priorities, legal support, integrity assurance and oversight of investigations, and critical support of emergency field functions, such as coordination of joint efforts involving other federal, state, local and foreign agencies; 24/7 tactical Command Center, tactical analytical support to investigations, programs and operations worldwide; as well as worldwide support in the areas of financial management, contract oversight, personnel, and basic training. Headquarters support will be maintained only to the extent necessary to support excepted operations. DEA Diversion Control Fee Account: All employees on-board are excepted since these positions are fully fee-funded; therefore, all drug diversion control activities will continue. These activities include preventing, detecting, and investigating the diversion of controlled substances from legitimate channels, while ensuring an adequate and uninterrupted supply of controlled substances to meet legitimate needs. • Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF): As a Presidential Appointee, the Director of ATF is not subject to furlough. Excepted employees include: all agents in ATF’s field divisions, who conduct the full range of criminal investigations in the firearms, arson, explosives, alcohol and tobacco program areas; Industry Operations Investigators who conduct compliance inspections of Federal firearms and Federal explosives licensees (including those mandated under the Safe Explosives Act), as well as application inspections; and other personnel who collect, review and analyze intelligence data in support of criminal investigations. Headquarters support will be maintained only to the extent necessary to support excepted operations. • Bureau of Prisons (BOP): All staff at the Federal prisons, including Public Health Service Officers necessary to provide medical care of inmates, are considered excepted since they have direct daily inmate custody responsibilities. Employees are also needed to continue inmate custody responsibilities over some 34,317 inmates in contract facilities and process all new designations to federal prisons from the Courts. Regional and headquarters support will be maintained only to the extent necessary to support excepted operations. BOP’s Buildings and Facilities, Prison Industries and Commissary accounts have multi-year authority and should have adequate carry over funding to meet expenses during a lapse in appropriations. Page 10 of 13 • Grant Programs (Office of Justice Programs, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, Office on Violence Against Women): As Presidential Appointees, the OVW Director and the Assistant Attorney General for OJP are not subject to furlough. The grants awarded by the Department are funded from no-year appropriations, as are the employees who administer those grants. As a result, these activities may continue during a lapse as long as sufficient S&E carryover funds remain, and based upon input from Department leadership regarding mission requirements. However, for the sake of the FY 2019 contingency exercise and consistent with prior plans, OJP is reflecting the level of personnel who would be needed if they had to reduce the personnel to only those most critical during a shutdown, which is approximately 41 (or 6%). OVW and COPS anticipate sufficient carryover funding to support their full complement of employees on-board for some time during a lapse in appropriations, and display an excepted rate of 100% for planning purposes. Page 11 of 13 Table 2: FY 2019 Department of Justice Contingency Plan On-Board vs. Excepted Employees Excepted Total OnBoard Total Agents I ntel Analysts Attorneys Other Staff % Excepted AFF 22 22 0 0 0 22 100% ATF 5,061 4,260 2,614 144 54 1,448 84% ATR 655 264 0 0 144 120 40% BOP 36,361 35,287 16,988 0 189 18,110 97% CIV 1,382 1,673 0 0 538 135 49% COPS 93 93 0 0 8 85 100% CRM 955 764 0 0 516 248 80% CRS 39 1 0 0 0 1 3% CRT 595 174 0 0 118 56 29% DEA 8,923 7,673 4,365 596 88 2,624 86% ENRD 578 263 0 0 212 51 45% EOIR 1,684 809 0 0 327 482 48% 36,594 31,839 13,108 2,917 139 15,675 87% 9 2 0 0 0 2 22% 987 202 0 0 24 178 20% INTERPOL 63 53 0 40 2 10 84% JIST 30 3 0 0 0 3 10% NSD 349 236 0 6 187 43 68% 29 13 0 3 4 6 45% OIG 488 267 119 0 11 137 55% OJP 677 41 0 0 2 39 6% OLC 29 23 0 0 20 3 79% OPA 16 1 0 0 0 1 6% OSG 47 43 0 0 23 20 91% OVW 64 64 0 0 4 60 100% SCO 9 8 0 0 5 3 89% TAX 509 284 0 0 220 64 56% USA 10,982 6,963 39 54 4,907 1,963 63% USMS 5,118 4,614 3,588 40 10 976 90% USPC 55 22 0 0 2 20 USTP 978 341 0 0 158 183 40 % 35% 113,381 95,302 40,821 3,800 7,913 42,768 84% Name FBI FCSC GA/WCF OCDETF TOTAL Page 12 of 13 Table 3: FY 2019 Department of Justice Contingency Plan Excepted Employees by Category Categories Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 5 TOTAL Total 6,411 Employees Excepted from Furlough Intel Agent Analyst Attorney 898 93 632 Other 4,788 1,031 39 0 850 142 16,139 865 2,651 190 12,424 71,721 39,019 1,056 6,232 25,414 95,302 40,821 3,800 7,904 42,768 Category 1 = Employees whose compensation is financed by a resource other than annual appropriations. Category 2 = Employees necessary to perform activities expressly authorized by law. Category 3 = Employees necessary to perform activities necessarily implied by law (including presidentially appointed and Senate-confirmed employees). Category 4 = Employees necessary to the discharge of the President’s constitutional duties and powers. Category 5 = Employees necessary to protect life and property. Page 13 of 13