Adirondack Park State Campground Steward Terrestrial Invasive Species Survey & Management Report Summer 2018 A collaborative initiative among the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, The Nature Conservancy’s Adirondack Park Invasive Plant Program , and the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Funding provided from the Environmental Protection Fund as administered by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation TABLE OF CONTENTS Year in Review .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Herkimer Working Circle .................................................................................................................................... 5 Alger Island .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Nicks Lake ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 Indian Lake Working Circle ................................................................................................................................ 7 Brown Tract Pond .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Eighth Lake .................................................................................................................................................... 9 Forked Lake ................................................................................................................................................. 10 Golden Beach .............................................................................................................................................. 11 Lake Durant ................................................................................................................................................. 12 Lewey Lake.................................................................................................................................................. 14 Limekiln Lake ............................................................................................................................................... 16 Indian Lake Islands ...................................................................................................................................... 17 Tioga Point................................................................................................................................................... 17 Northville Working Circle ................................................................................................................................. 18 Caroga Lake ................................................................................................................................................ 19 Little Sand Point ........................................................................................................................................... 22 Moffitt Beach ................................................................................................................................................ 23 Northampton Beach ..................................................................................................................................... 25 Point Comfort ............................................................................................................................................... 26 Poplar Point ................................................................................................................................................. 27 Sacandaga................................................................................................................................................... 29 Potsdam Working Circle .................................................................................................................................. 30 Cranberry Lake ............................................................................................................................................ 31 Ray Brook Working Circle ................................................................................................................................ 32 Ausable Point ............................................................................................................................................... 33 Buck Pond ................................................................................................................................................... 33 Crown Point ................................................................................................................................................. 34 Fish Creek Pond .......................................................................................................................................... 37 Lake Eaton................................................................................................................................................... 38 Lake Harris .................................................................................................................................................. 39 Lincoln Pond ................................................................................................................................................ 40 Meacham Lake ............................................................................................................................................ 42 Meadowbrook .............................................................................................................................................. 43 Paradox Lake ............................................................................................................................................... 44 Poke-O-Moonshine ...................................................................................................................................... 45 Putnam Pond ............................................................................................................................................... 46 Rollins Pond ................................................................................................................................................. 47 Saranac Lake Islands................................................................................................................................... 47 Sharp Bridge ................................................................................................................................................ 48 Taylor Pond ................................................................................................................................................. 49 Wilmington Notch ......................................................................................................................................... 49 Warrensburg Working Circle ............................................................................................................................ 50 Luzerne ........................................................................................................................................................ 51 Lake George Battleground ........................................................................................................................... 52 Hearthstone Point ........................................................................................................................................ 54 Eagle Point .................................................................................................................................................. 56 Scaroon Manor ............................................................................................................................................ 56 Rogers Rock ................................................................................................................................................ 58 Lake George Islands .................................................................................................................................... 59 Emerald Ash Borer Monitoring ......................................................................................................................... 60 Conclusion....................................................................................................................................................... 61 Year in Review State campgrounds and trailheads are high priorities for terrestrial invasive species surveillance and management due to their high levels of human disturbance and recreational traffic. They are often the first locations where new invasive species are introduced and detected. Once infestations become established, they can serve as source populations for spread into areas of higher conservation value. Since 2012, the Adirondack Park Invasive Plant Program, in collaboration with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) and the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY ESF), has deployed an Invasive Species Campground Steward to quickly detect and address new infestations. Over 4,000 acres of DEC-administered lands have been surveyed by these stewards to date, with over 1,000 infestations mapped and 660 infestations managed. As of 2018, over 530 historically managed infestations no longer have invasive species present or have been locally eradicated after three consecutive years of documented absence. During the 2018 field season, 37 New York State administered campgrounds in the Adirondack Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management (PRISM) were surveyed and/or managed for terrestrial invasive plant species. Management was performed at 29 campgrounds, while eight locations were found to be free of target terrestrial invasive species. Infestations of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), knotweed spp. (Reynoutria spp.), common reed grass (Phragmites australis), wild parsnip (Pastinaca satvia), winged burning bush (Euonymous alatus), Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii), yellow iris (Iris pseudacorus), bush honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata), multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) and Norway maple (Acer platanoides) were mapped using GPS and The Nature Conservancy’s Invasive Plant Mobile Monitoring System (IPMMS). When feasible, infestations were managed using mechanical control techniques. Seven years of results indicate significant opportunity for successful control and eradication of many species at Adirondack campgrounds. Since the program’s inception, garlic mustard abundance at DEC campgrounds has declined by approximately 90%, while purple loosestrife has declined by 83%. With continued annual management, there is a high likelihood for many infestations to be significantly reduced in abundance or locally eradicated. However, there are notable exceptions at select campgrounds where particularly large infestations are unlikely to be eradicated, even with sustained allocation of resources. Nevertheless, most infestations can still be effectively suppressed to minimize impacts to the environment, economy, and human health. Progress achieved by previous management efforts was set back in 2010 and 2011 when state seasonal capacity was limited, and invasive plants were left unmanaged; reinforcing the importance of sustained monitoring and management. The majority of knotweed spp. and common reed infestations are not managed by the Invasive Species Campground Steward, since effective control of these species usually requires the application of herbicides. However, these species do not exhibit a significant presence at the campgrounds and could likely be locally eradicated with sustained herbicide treatments. Chemical control for select infestations was initiated by the Adirondack Park Invasive Plant Program’s (APIPP) terrestrial response team in 2018. 1 Many campground employees were unaware that their facility was infested by an invasive plant species and were not familiar with invasive plant identification and management practices. To rectify this challenge, it would be beneficial to offer trainings in invasive species identification and management to campground staff at the beginning of the season. Ideally, this would occur at all campgrounds, but is especially important at those currently invaded or located near heavilyinfested areas. This is also important for campgrounds that are located adjacent to areas of high conservation value such as the Forest Preserve. Introduction Overview Beginning in the summer of 2006, the DEC supported a seasonal Invasive Species Specialist position to implement annual invasive plant inventories and management at state campgrounds in the Adirondack Park. Since state campgrounds are intensive use areas that receive high levels of recreational traffic, they are more susceptible to the inadvertent introduction of invasive species. Once a campground becomes infested, it can serve as a source for invasive species spread into nearby areas of high conservation value. The spread of invasive plants can result from vegetative growth, seed dispersal, root and stem fragmentation, etc. Movement of contaminated soils or equipment, use of non-native plants in landscaping, and transport of seeds on clothing and equipment are likely vectors of invasive species introduction at state campgrounds. As a result, APIPP and DEC have identified state campgrounds as priority areas for invasive species surveillance and management. The DEC Invasive Species Specialist performed invasive plant surveys and control each field season from 2006 through 2009. In 2010, funding for the position was unavailable, resulting in a lapse of data collection and management. Progress that had been made in controlling garlic mustard and purple loosestrife was set back as plants regrew and infestations went unmanaged. In 2011, APIPP initiated limited management, collecting data for and controlling several infestations at high priority campgrounds. Since 2012, DEC, APIPP, and SUNY ESF have advanced a seasonal internship to administer an Invasive Species Campground Steward (Steward) to revitalize invasive plant surveillance and management at state campgrounds within the Adirondack Park. Supervision and project oversight for the Steward have been provided by APIPP’s Terrestrial Invasive Species Project Coordinator. APIPP’s terrestrial rapid response teams, members of the Student Conservation Association (SCA), and other volunteers also assist he Steward with survey and management activities. 2 The following report summarizes terrestrial invasive species surveillance and management activities performed by the Steward at DEC campgrounds and recreation areas in the Adirondack Park during the 2018 field season. Standard Monitoring and Management Procedures for Target Invasive Species The Steward was equipped with The Nature Conservancy’s IPMMS to document the location and extent of terrestrial invasive species infestations located at state campgrounds throughout the PRISM. Data was collected using an iPad and Bluetooth GPS antenna, and uploaded daily to TNC’s server for processing and storage. At the end of each season, all invasive species observation data is uploaded to New York’s Invasive Species Database (iMapInvasives). Campgrounds are divided into six working circles based upon their location within the region. The Steward visited one or more campgrounds per day depending on the size of the facility and number of infestations present. In general, management activities started in the southern portion of the PRISM and progressed northward to coincide with the latitudinal advance of the growing season. Some species were targeted for management, while others were only surveyed due to logistical constraints or lack of effective control measures. The table below provides a summary of species the Steward was trained to detect and their designation as management or survey targets. Species Garlic mustard Priority Management target Purple loosestrife Management target Wild parsnip Management target Yellow iris Management target Oriental bittersweet Management target, if isolated Bush honeysuckle Management target, if isolated Japanese barberry Management target, if isolated Multiflora rose Management target, if isolated Autumn olive Management target, if isolated Winged burning bush Management target, if isolated Norway maple Survey only Phragmites Survey only Knotweed spp. Survey only Balsam woolly adelgid Survey only Emerald ash borer Survey only Hemlock woolly adelgid Survey only Garlic mustard – Second-year plants were pulled up by the root and placed in thick contractor garbage bags. The bagged materials were transported to TNC’s headquarters in Keene Valley where they were solarized until the contents had liquefied and no viable plant material remained. At the end of the season, these bags were disposed of at the local transfer station. 3 Purple loosestrife – Plants were pulled or dug up to remove as much of the root system as possible. Plants were placed in thick contractor garbage bags and transported to TNC’s headquarters in Keene Valley where they were solarized until the contents had liquefied and no viable plant material remained. At the end of the season, these bags were disposed of at the local transfer station. Plants with evidence of damage from the biocontrol Gallerucella beetle were not managed mechanically as the beetle requires purple loosestrife as habitat and food source to establish and spread. Wild parsnip – Plants were pulled up by the root and placed in thick contractor garbage bags. The bagged materials were transported to TNC’s headquarters in Keene Valley where they were solarized until the contents had liquefied and no viable plant material remained. At the end of the season, these bags were disposed of at the local transfer station. NOTE: Protective clothing (long sleeves and gloves, at a minimum) was worn when managing this species, as the sap of this plant is phototoxic and can cause phytophotodermatitis upon contact with exposed skin. Bush honeysuckle, Japanese barberry, multiflora rose, autumn olive, and winged burning bush – The presence of these invasives was documented, but infestations were managed only when plants were sparsely distributed throughout the campground. These species are of lower priority for management because of their widespread distribution in the Adirondacks and ability to be transported long distances by birds. Management of larger infestations was performed only when adequate time remained after management and inventories of other, higher priority species/infestations had been completed. To manage these species, plants were pulled up by the base to remove the entire root system. Medium-sized plants often required the use of a leverage tool. Extracted plants were hung upside down in nearby trees to dry and decompose. Large plants were left in place and noted for potential cut stump herbicide treatment by APIPP. Yellow iris – Plants were pulled or dug up to remove as much of the root system as possible and placed in thick contractor garbage bags. Bags of plant material were transported to TNC’s headquarters in Keene Valley where they were solarized until contents had liquefied and no viable plant material remained. At the end of the season, bags were disposed of at the local transfer station. Oriental bittersweet – Small plants were pulled up by the base to remove the entire root system. In some cases, vines had to be untangled from their host before they could be completely removed. Extracted plants were hung upside down in nearby trees to dry and decompose. 4 Herkimer Working Circle The Herkimer Working Circle contains two campgrounds: Alger Island and Nicks Lake. The following section provides on overview of survey and management activities for these locations during the 2018 field season. HERKIMER WORKING CIRCLE MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Campground Invasive Plants Present Alger Island Nicks Lake Garlic Mustard Bush Honeysuckle Total Plants Removed Not Inventoried in 2018 91 0 Density of Infestations Low Moderate * = Plant was dead/dormant and it was too late in season for effective management. Density of Infestations: Sparse – less than 25 plants observed across the campground Low – 25 – 149 plants observed across the campground Moderate – 150-500 plants observed across the campground High – Greater than 500 plants observed across the campground Extreme – Greater than 500 plants observed across the campground and management of the campground could not be achieved by a five-person crew in one day, or biological control measures are recommended. Alger Island Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: This facility was not visited in 2018. Inventories were performed in 2008 and 2015 and no target invasive species were detected. Invasion risk/vulnerability is presumed low for this location due to its isolated location and comparatively low levels of use. If time and access to a boat are available, this campground should be resurveyed in 2019. 5 Alger Island Campground Photo Credit: DEC Nicks Lake Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the campground and was not managed. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION 2 SPECIES PRESENT 2 2,686 PLANTS REMOVED 90 50 2500 40 2000 30 1500 20 1000 10 0 No Data 3000 Number of Infestations 500 0 Plants Removed Figure 1. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Nicks Lake Campground. Recommendations: Garlic mustard should remain a top survey and management priority for this facility. Total abundance has been reduced by 97% from peak infestation levels documented in 2014. With continued control efforts, garlic mustard can likely be locally eradicated. Additional time should be allocated to survey undeveloped portions of the campground to search for potentially undetected source infestations. Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the campground and should be addressed only after management of higher priority species is complete. However, since this species can be spread long distances via bird dispersed seed, reintroduction is likely. 6 Number of Plants Removed CURRENT CONDITION 60 No Data Number of Infestations Garlic mustard was mapped and removed from sites 14, 61, 84, 104, 110, and along a foot path to the lake. The distribution and abundance of garlic mustard throughout the campground has declined significantly since intensive survey and management efforts began in 2012 (Figure 1). In total, 91 garlic mustard plants were removed from six locations within the campground. This marks a significant decrease from peak invasion levels observed in 2014 when over 2,600 plants were removed from 53 locations. Indian Lake Working Circle The Indian Lake Working Circle contains eight campgrounds: Brown Tract Pond, Eighth Lake, Forked Lake, Golden Beach, Indian Lake Islands, Lewey Lake, Limekiln Lake, and Tioga Point. The following section provides an overview of survey and management activities for these locations. INDIAN LAKE WORKING CIRCLE MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Campground Brown Tract Pond Eighth Lake Forked Lake Golden Beach Invasive Plants Present Garlic Mustard Bush Honeysuckle Garlic Mustard Bush Honeysuckle Bush Honeysuckle Garlic Mustard Bush Honeysuckle Indian Lake Islands Lake Durant Lewey Lake Limekiln Lake Tioga Point Wild Parsnip Bush Honeysuckle Autumn Olive Garlic Mustard Purple Loosestrife Bush Honeysuckle Garlic Mustard Bush Honeysuckle Total Plants Removed 31 2 314 0 1 406 0 Not Inventoried in 2018 231 0 1 13 8 1 79 0 Not Inventoried in 2018 Infestation Density Low High Moderate High Low Moderate Low Moderate Low Sparse Sparse Sparse Sparse Low High * = Plant was dead/dormant and it was too late in season for effective management. Density of Infestations: Sparse – less than 25 plants observed across the campground Low – 25 – 149 plants observed across the campground Moderate – 150-500 plants observed across the campground High – Greater than 500 plants observed across the campground Extreme – Greater than 500 plants observed across the campground and management of the campground could not be achieved by a five-person crew in one day, or biological control measures are recommended. 7 Brown Tract Pond Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle was mapped at sites 4, 17, 21, 29, 31 and 32, but can be found sporadically throughout the campground. Two plants were removed; however, additional unmanaged plants remain scattered throughout the campground. SUMMARY STATS: Garlic mustard was mapped and removed from sites 30 PROGRESS TO DATE and 74. The distribution and abundance of garlic mustard PEAK CURRENT has decreased significantly since intensive survey and INFESTATION CONDITION management efforts began in 2012 (Figure 2). In total, 31 SPECIES 2 2 plants were removed from two locations within the PRESENT campground. This marks a significant decrease from peak invasion levels observed in 2012 when 1,100 plants PLANTS were removed from nine locations. 10 1000 8 800 6 600 4 400 2 0 No Data 1200 200 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 2. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Brown Tract Pond Campground. Recommendations: The distribution and abundance of garlic mustard has decreased by 97% from peak infestation levels observed in 2012. With continued control efforts, garlic mustard can likely be locally eradicated. Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the campground and should be addressed only after management of higher priority species is complete. However, since this species can be spread long distances via bird dispersed seed, reintroduction is likely. Empowering campground staff to undertake management will provide the greatest opportunity for successful suppression or containment of this species. 8 Number of Plants Removed 33 REMOVED 12 No Data Number of Infestations 1,103 Eighth Lake Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the campground and was not managed. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 2 SPECIES PRESENT 2 3,450 PLANTS REMOVED 314 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 Number of Infestations 500 0 Plants Removed Figure 3. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Eighth Lake Campground. Recommendations: The distribution and abundance of garlic mustard has decreased by 91% since intensive management efforts began in 2012. A slight increase in garlic mustard abundance was observed from 2016 to 2017 but infestation levels have once again declined to an all-time low. Continued annual management will be necessary to maintain suppression of garlic mustard at this location. Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the campground and should be addressed only after management of higher priority species is complete. However, since this species can be spread long distances via bird dispersed seed, reintroduction is likely. Offering an invasive species identification and management seminar for the campground staff would be beneficial, if time and resources are available. This would increase staff’s awareness of invasive plant identification and management techniques and could contribute to the success of future management efforts. 9 Number of Plants Removed 4000 No Data 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 No Data Number of Infestations Garlic mustard was mapped and removed from sites 7, 8, 13, 17, 24, 30, 35, and along the road near sites 36, 37, 75, 87, 90, 95, 97, 101, 106, and 107. In total, 314 plants were removed from 17 locations within the campground. This marks a decrease from peak invasion levels observed in 2012, when 3,463 plants were removed from 44 locations (Figure 3). Forked Lake Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle is found in dense clusters around the parking area and boat launch but was not managed due to the size and abundance of plants. An isolated bush honeysuckle infestation was found and removed near campsite 79. Recommendations: This campground should be monitored annually to remove any new/small bush honeysuckle plants and to address any new invasive species that become established. Garlic mustard is present at nearby campgrounds and should be a target for early detection survey efforts. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 1 SPECIES PRESENT 1 3 PLANTS REMOVED 1 10 Forked Lake Campground Photo Credit: Quiet Kayaking in NYS Golden Beach Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle is found sporadically throughout the campground, but was not managed due to time constraints, its widespread distribution, and the size of the plants. Garlic mustard was mapped and removed from sites 18, between 20 & 22, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 47, 61, 64, 65, 67, 80, 82, 87, 89, 102, 104, 108, 109, 111, 117, 124, 130, 132, 170, 177, 179, 184, 206, and 207. In total, 406 garlic mustard plants were removed from 31 locations within the campground. This marks a decrease from peak invasion levels observed in 2012, when 9,000 plants were removed from 85 locations (Figure 4). SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 1 SPECIES PRESENT 2 9,000 PLANTS REMOVED 406 120 8000 7000 80 6000 60 5000 4000 40 20 0 3000 No Data Number of Infestations 9000 100 Number of Infestations 2000 1000 0 Plants Removed Figure 4. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Lake Durant Campground. Recommendations: The distribution and abundance of garlic mustard has decreased by 95% since intensive control efforts began in 2012. Continued annual management will be necessary to maintain suppression of garlic mustard at this location. Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the campground and should be addressed only after management of higher priority species is complete. However, since this species can be spread long distances via bird dispersed seed, reintroduction is likely. Offering an invasive species identification and management seminar for the campground staff would be useful, if time and resources are available. 11 Number of Plants Removed 10000 Lake Durant Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle is found sporadically throughout the campground, but was not managed due to time constraints, its widespread distribution, and the size of plants. Garlic mustard was not detected at the campground for the first time in 2018. This follows management efforts from 2012-2017. At peak infestation levels documented in 2012, 300 plants were removed from nine locations within the campground SUMMARY STATS: (Figure 5). PROGRESS TO DATE Wild parsnip was found on both sides of the road PEAK CURRENT leading to the campground boat launch. Most plants were INFESTATION CONDITION located on the east side of the road, near the water SPECIES 3 2 spigot. In total, 231 wild parsnip plants were removed PRESENT from the roadway. The total number of plants removed increased by nearly 80% from 2017 to 2018 (Figure 6). PLANTS It’s unclear if this increase is the result of infestation 300 231 REMOVED expansion, seed bank disturbance, or increased survey and management effort. 10 300 8 7 250 6 200 5 4 3 No Data Number of Infestations 9 150 100 2 50 1 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 5. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Lake Durant Campground. 12 Number of Plants Removed 350 250 2 200 1.5 150 1 100 0.5 50 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 6. Wild parsnip distribution and management progress at Lake Durant Campground. Recommendations: Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the campground and should be addressed only after management of higher priority species is complete. However, since this species can be spread long distances via bird dispersed seed, reintroduction is likely. Garlic mustard was not detected at the campground in 2018. Close follow-up monitoring should be conducted annually to confirm local eradication and quickly identify and address potential reemergence. In addition, garlic mustard survey efforts should be expanded to include undeveloped portions of the campground to ensure there are not undetected infestations. Wild parsnip has been managed annually at the campground since 2016. The quantity of plants removed has increased since control efforts were initiated; however, it’s unclear from data whether this increase reflects infestation expansion as a result of soil and seed bank disturbance or increased survey and management effort. This should be evaluated in 2019 to determine if continued management efforts are warranted. 13 Lake Durant Photo Credit: Margaret M., HipCamp Number of Plants Removed Number of Infestations 2.5 Lewey Lake Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Autumn olive was found for the first time at this campground in 2018. A single plant was mapped and removed along the right side of the assistant caretaker cabin. Bush honeysuckle was mapped and removed from an area adjacent to the assistant caretaker cabin. Garlic mustard was mapped and removed from sites 36, 59, and 187. In total, 13 garlic mustard plants were removed from three locations in the campground. This marks a significant decrease from peak infestation levels observed in 2013, when 304 plants were removed from ten locations (Figure 7). SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 4 SPECIES PRESENT 4 300 PLANTS REMOVED 23 350 12 300 10 250 8 200 6 150 4 100 2 50 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 7. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Lewey Lake Campground. 14 Number of Plants Removed 14 No Data Number of Infestations Purple loosestrife was mapped and removed from the wetland area behind sites 18-24. In total, only eight plants were removed – a significant decrease from the previous season during which nearly 400 plants were removed (Figure 8). The levels of purple loosstrife observed and removed by the Steward each year have fluctuated historically. This could be attibuted to ongoing management efforts by campground staff, resulting in fewer plants documented by the Steward. 450 400 1 350 0.8 300 250 0.6 200 0.4 150 100 0.2 50 0 Number of Plants Removed Number of Infestations 1.2 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 8. Purple loosestrife distribution and management progress at Lewey Lake Campground. Recommendations: The distribution and abundance of both garlic mustard and purple loosestrife have decreased by 96% and 98% from peak levels observed in 2013 and 2017, respectively. With sustained survey and management efforts both species can likely be locally eradicated. Bush honeysuckle and autumn olive were found at the campground for the first time in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Both species were found in low abundance in 2018 and removed mechanically. Given the low abundance of these species, its recommended that survey and management efforts continue. Wish sustained effort, both species can likely be locally eradiated. However, since both species can be spread long distances via bird dispersed seed, reintroduction is possible. 15 Lewey Lake Campground Photo Credit: Tim’s Camping Review Limekiln Lake Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle was mapped at sites 3 and 86 but can be found sporadically throughout the campground. It was not managed due to time constraints, its widespread distribution, and the size of plants. Garlic mustard was mapped and removed from sites 11, 36, and 115. In total, 79 plants were removed from three locations in the campground. Garlic mustard distribution and abundance has decreased significantly from peak invasion levels observed in 2012 when 3,141 plants were removed from 47 locations (Figure 9). Recommendations: SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 2 SPECIES PRESENT 2 3,112 PLANTS REMOVED 79 3500 50 3000 2500 40 2000 30 1500 20 No Data 10 1000 500 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 9. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Limeklin Lake Campground. 16 Number of Plants Removed 60 No Data Number of Infestations Garlic mustard infestations have decreased by 97% from peak infestation levels documented in 2012. With continued control effort, garlic mustard can likely be locally eradicated. Bush honeysuckle is scattered throughout the campground and should be addressed only after management of higher priority species is complete. However, since this species can be spread long distances via bird dispersed seed, reintroduction is likely. Indian Lake Islands Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: This facility was not visited in 2018. The first inventory of this campground was completed with assistance from an SCADEC crew during the 2015 field season. Purple loosestrife was found in a small bay to the north of site 29 and in small patches along the shoreline adjacent to campsites associated with Lewey Lake Campground. In 2016, a single large patch of purple loosestrife was found on the shoreline of Indian Lake near Lewey Lake Campground sites 18 and 19. If resources are available, this campground should be re-surveyed and managed, if necessary, in 2019. Tioga Point Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: This facility was not visited in 2018. An initial inventory was performed in 2015 and no target invasive species were detected. Invasion risk/vulnerability is presumed low at this location due to its isolated location and comparatively low levels of use. If time and access to a boat are available, this campground should be re-surveyed in 2019. Tioga Point Campground Photo Credit: I Love NY 17 Northville Working Circle The Northville working circle contains seven campgrounds: Caroga Lake, Little Sand Point, Moffitt Beach. Northampton Beach, Point Comfort, Poplar Point, and Sacandaga. Invasive species were detected at all campgrounds in this working circle in 2018. The following section provides an overview of survey and management activities for these locations. NORTHVILLE WORKING CIRCLE MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Campground Caroga Lake Little Sand Point Moffitt Beach Northampton Beach Point Comfort Poplar Point Sacandaga Invasive Plants Present Total Plants Removed Density of Infestations Autumn Olive Garlic Mustard Purple Loosestrife Bush Honeysuckle Phragmites Knotweed spp. Yellow Iris Garlic Mustard Knotweed spp. Bush Honeysuckle Garlic Mustard Purple Loosestrife Phragmites Wild Parsnip Autumn Olive Autumn Olive Bush Honeysuckle Common Buckthorn Garlic Mustard Japanese Barberry Knotweed spp. 2 1 1 0 0 0 22 4 0 2 113 151 0 24 0 0 0 0 16 2 0 Sparse Sparse Sparse Sparse Moderate Low Sparse Sparse High Moderate Low Moderate Low Sparse Sparse Low High Low Sparse Sparse Low * = Plant was dead/dormant and it was too late in season for effective management. Density of Infestations: Sparse – less than 25 plants observed across the campground Low – 25 – 149 plants observed across the campground Moderate – 150-500 plants observed across the campground High – Greater than 500 plants observed across the campground Extreme – Greater than 500 plants observed across the campground and management of the campground could not be achieved by a five-person crew in one day, or biological control measures are recommended. 18 Caroga Lake Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Autumn olive was mapped and removed adjacent to bathroom building 15 and near a hemlock tree within the picnic area. An additional infestation was located near building seven, but the plants were too large to remove using mechanical techniques. Bush honeysuckle was found sporadically throughout the campground, but plants were too large to manage mechanically. CURRENT CONDITION 8 SPECIES PRESENT 7 204 PLANTS REMOVED 26 180 8 160 7 140 6 120 5 100 4 80 3 60 2 1 No Data 9 No Data Number of Infestations Japanese barberry has been reported in the campground in previous seasons, but no plants were detected in 2018. PEAK INFESTATION 40 20 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 10. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Caroga Lake Campground. Knotweed spp. were mapped along the fence across from site 146 and behind sites 155 & 156. Mechanical control of knotweed is generally not effective, so no management was performed. This infestaiton will be prioritzed for chemcial control by APIPP’s response team in 2019. Phragmites was mapped at a culvert near site 91 and at the end of the break adjacent to the beach. Mechanical control of Phragmites is generally not effective, so no management was performed. This infestaiton will be prioritzed for chemical control by APIPP’s response team in 2019. 19 Number of Plants Removed Garlic mustard was mapped and removed from site 42. Only one plant was removed; however, this still represents an increase in abundance from 2017 when no garlic mustard was observed (Figure 10). SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE Purple loosestrife was mapped and removed along the mouth of the inlet stream, near site 91. A single plant was removed from the streamside, a decrease from two plants removed in 2017 (Figure 11). Yellow iris was mapped and removed near the campground boat launch and along the shoreline extending from the boat launch. In total, 22 plants were removed, representing a 90% decrease from 2017 infestation levels (Figure 12). 300 250 1.5 200 1 No Data 0.5 150 No Data Number of Infestations 350 2 100 50 0 Number of Plants Removed 400 2.5 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed 2.5 250 2 200 1.5 150 1 100 50 0.5 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 12. Yellow iris distribution and management progress at Caroga Lake Campground. 20 Number of Plants Removed Number of Infestations Figure 11. Purple loosestrife distribution and management progress at Caroga Lake Campground. Recommendations: Garlic mustard and purple loosestrife should remain top survey and management priorities for this campground. Both species have declined by 99% from historic peak infestation levels. With sustained management effort, garlic mustard and purple loosestrife can likely be locally eradicated. However, it should be noted that purple loosestrife is present along the shoreline outside the campground facility, so continued monitoring and management will be required. Yellow iris abundance has declined by 89% from peak infestation levels documented in 2017 and should remain a priority for monitoring and management. The abundance of plants present at the campground has precluded complete control of infestations in previous years, but all infestations were removed in 2018. Autumn olive is not widely distributed and can likely be locally eradicated from the campground with continued management. Bush honeysuckle occurs sporadically throughout the campground but is widespread in the surrounding landscape. Plants can be managed when time and resources allow, but only after management of higher priority species has been completed. Since these woody species can be spread long distances via bird dispersed seed, reintroduction is likely. All Phragmites and knotweed infestations should be treated with herbicide by APIPP’s terrestrial response team in 2019, if possible, to minimize their continued growth and spread throughout the campground and surrounding areas. Given their small extent, they can likely be eradicated through sustained, annual management. Caroga Lake Campground Photo Credit: Fishing With Floyd 21 Little Sand Point Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle was mapped at sites 4, 5, 13, 17, 19, and 21. Two plants were removed from an isolated infestation; however, most plants were not managed due to widespread species distribution. Garlic mustard was mapped and removed from sites 23 and 24. In total, four plants were removed from two locations within the campground (Figure 13). This represents a significant decrease from peak infestation levels observed in 2013 when 229 plants were removed from three locations. Japanese barberry was mapped and managed in 2015 but has not been observed since. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 4 SPECIES PRESENT 3 229 PLANTS REMOVED 6 3.5 250 3 200 2.5 2 150 1.5 100 1 50 0.5 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 13. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Little Sand Point Campground. Recommendations: Garlic mustard should remain a top survey and management priority for this campground. Total abundance has declined by 97% from peak observation levels observed in 2013. With continued control effort, garlic mustard can likely be locally eradicated. Additional effort should be dedicated to surveying undeveloped portions of the campground to ensure there are not undetected source infestations. All knotweed spp. infestations should be surveyed and treated with herbicide by APIPP’s response team. Given the small extent of the infestations, local eradication is likely. Future stewards should remain vigilant for purple loosestrife and Japanese barberry, which have been present at the facility in previous seasons or are located nearby. 22 Number of Plants Removed Number of Infestations Knotweed spp. were mapped at two locations just behind the registration booth near the campground entrance. The first infestation borders site 4 and the second borders sites 5 and 6, extending down a stream towards the lake. No management was performed by the Steward, but all infestations were treated with herbicide by APIPP’s terrestrial response team in September. Moffitt Beach Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Autumn olive was mapped at site 101 but was not removed due to the size of the plant. Balsam woolly adelgid was documented for the first time at this facility in 2016. The infestation should be monitored annually to document spread. Garlic mustard was mapped and removed from sites 178, 180, 182, 208, 224, 252A, and 258. In total, 113 plants were removed from seven locations in the campground. This marks a decrease from peak invasion levels observed in 2014, when 1,100 plants were removed from 13 locations (Figure 14). Phragmites was mapped adjacent to the beach, near the parking lot and at site 106. Mechanical control of Phragmites is generally not effective, so no management was performed. This infestaiton will be prioritzed for chemical control by APIPP’s response team in 2019. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 6 SPECIES PRESENT 6 2,112 PLANTS REMOVED 288 Purple loosestrife is abundant and dense near the campground waste area. Most plants at this location were not removed. Smaller, isolated infestations were mapped and removed near the boat launch parking lot, the swampy area in front of sites 102-105, and across from the waste area. In total, 151 plants were removed from four locations (Figure 15). 1200 1000 800 600 400 Number of Infestations 200 0 Plants Removed Figure 14. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Moffitt Beach Campground. 23 Number of Plants Removed 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 No Data Number of Infestations Wild parsnip was mapped and removed from site 103. In total, 24 plants were removed, a significant decrease from peak infestation levels observed in 2012, when 451 plants were removed from three locations (Figure 16). 1000 800 600 No Data 400 Number of Infestations 200 0 Number of Plants Removed 1200 No Data Number of Infestations 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Plants Removed 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Number of Infestations 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 16. Wild parsnip distribution and management progress at Moffitt Beach Campground. Recommendations: Autumn olive was found at only one location at the campground in 2018 but could not be managed due to plant size. Heavier equipment should be utilized to remove this infestation in 2019 before it has a chance to spread. Garlic mustard should remain a top survey and management priority for this facility. Abundance has declined by 95% since intensive control efforts began in 2012. With continued effort garlic mustard can likely be locally eradicated. An isolated infestation of Phragmites present near the beach should be prioritzed for chemical control by APIPP’s response team in 2019. A combination of mechanical and biological control techniques should be deployed in 2019 to address purple loosestrife at this facilty. Isolated infestaions should continue to be managed mechanically; however, the use of biocontrol agents is strongly advised for the large infesation located near the waste area. Wild parsnip has been managed annually at this campground since 2016. Plant abundance has decreased by 95% and with continued control, this species can likely be locally eradiated. 24 Number of Plants Removed Figure 15. Purple loosestrife distribution and management progress at Moffitt Beach Campground. * indicates years in which control of all known infestations was not completed. Northampton Beach Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Autumn olive was observed at site 212 but was not removed due to the size of plants. Bush honeysuckle is found throughout the campground. It was not managed due to time constraints, its widespread distribution, and the size of plants. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION Garlic mustard was not observed in 2018. This follows active management in 2017 when 16 plants were removed from three locations (Figure 17). 5 SPECIES PRESENT 3 38 PLANTS REMOVED 0 Japanese barberry was documented and managed at the campground in 2015 but has not been observed since. 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 4 3 1 No Data Number of Infestations 6 2 CURRENT CONDITION 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 17. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Northampton Beach Campground. Recommendations: Garlic mustard was not observed at the campground in 2018, following an increase in infestation levels from 2016 to 2017. Early detection surveys for this species should remain a top priority to fully document local eradication and quickly address potential reemergence. With continued effort, garlic mustard can likely be locally eradicated. Additional effort should be dedicated to surveying undeveloped portions of the campground to ensure there are not undetected source infestations. With few herbaceous species present at this facility, management efforts can shift to focus on a suite of woody species. Initial control efforts should focus on species of lower abundance, such as autumn olive and common buckthorn, before addressing more widespread species like bush honeysuckle. Future stewards should remain vigilant for the reemergence of Japanese barberry, particularly around site 124. 25 Number of Plants Removed Common buckthorn was observed at site 218 and adjacent to the roadside near the west end of the campground but was not managed due to the size of plants. Point Comfort Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Garlic mustard was mapped and removed from an isolated area between sites 48 & 49. In total, 16 plants were removed. This represents an increase in garlic mustard abundance from 2017 when no invasive plants were observed (Figure 18). This is also the greatest number of plants removed from the campground in a single season, followed by 2014 when eight plants were removed. However, the total number of infestations has decreased from the historic high observed in 2012. Recommendations: PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 1 SPECIES PRESENT 16 16 PLANTS REMOVED 16 3.5 18 3 16 14 2.5 12 2 10 8 1.5 6 1 4 0.5 2 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 18. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Point Comfort Campground. 26 Number of Plants Removed Number of Infestations Garlic mustard is the only target species present at this campground and should remain the top survey and management priority. Plant abundance increased in 2018 to an all-time high. Additional time should be allocated to survey undeveloped portions of the campground to search for potentially undetected source infestations. Even with this recent increase, overall abundance remains low and with continued control effort, garlic mustard can likely be locally eradicated. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE Poplar Point Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Garlic mustard was not observed in 2018. This marks two consecutive years that this species has been absent from the campground (Figure 19). Knotweed spp. were documented in 2016 but have not been observed since. It’s presumed that campground staff are managing the infestation. Number of Infestations Purple loosestrife was not observed in 2018, following active management in 2017 when four plants were removed from four locations (Figure 20). SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 4 SPECIES PRESENT 1 21 PLANTS REMOVED 2 1.2 14 1 12 10 0.8 8 0.6 6 0.4 4 0.2 2 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 19. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Poplar Point Campground. Recommendations: Significant progress has been achieved managing herbaceous species at this campground. Garlic mustard, knotweed spp., and purple loosestrife were not observed in 2018. This marks two, two, and one years of consecutive absence, respectively. These species should remain top survey priorities to fully document local eradication and quickly identify and address potential reemergence. Only two barberry plants were removed in 2018. Continued management efforts can likely result in local eradication of all target species from this campground. 27 Number of Plants Removed Japanese barberry was mapped and removed from site 21. Only two plants were detected and managed mechanically. Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 20. Purple loosestrife distribution and management progress at Poplar Point Campground. Poplar Point Campground Photo Credit: SLE / SWIM 28 Number of Plants Removed 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 No Data No Data No Data Number of Infestations 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Sacandaga Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Garlic mustard was not observed in 2018 and is considered locally eradicated (Figure 21). Knotweed spp. were mapped behind sites 30, 32 and 34, as well as along State Route 30. No management was performed by the Steward; however, all infestations were treated with herbicide by APIPP’s terrestrial response team in September. Recommendations: Although garlic mustard has been locally eradicated from this campground, surveys should continue to rapidly identify and address any potential reemergence, especially around site 101. Additional effort should be dedicated to surveying undeveloped portions of the campground to ensure there are not undetected infestations. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION 2 CURRENT CONDITION SPECIES PRESENT PLANTS N/A All knotweed infestations should continue to be managed REMOVED with herbicide by APIPP’s terrestrial response team. Given their limited extent, these infestations can likely be locally eradicated though sustained management. 1 N/A A single purple loosestrife plant was removed approximately one-half mile upstream of the campground in 2016. Future surveys should remain vigilant for possible encroachment of this species into the campground. 1.2 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 21. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Sacandaga Campground. 29 Number of Plants Removed Number of Infestations 1.2 Potsdam Working Circle The Potsdam working circle contains one campground: Cranberry Lake. The following section provides an overview of survey and management activities for this facility. POTSDAM WORKING CIRCLE MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Campground Cranberry Lake Invasive Plants Present Bush Honeysuckle Common Buckthorn Garlic Mustard Reed Canary Grass Total Plants Removed 6 0 1220 0 Density of Infestations Sparse Sparse Extreme High * = Plant was dead/dormant and it was too late in season for effective management. Density of Infestations: Sparse – less than 25 plants observed across the campground Low – 25 – 149 plants observed across the campground Moderate – 150-500 plants observed across the campground High – Greater than 500 plants observed across the campground Extreme – Greater than 500 plants observed across the campground and management of the campground could not be achieved by a five-person crew in one day, or biological control measures are recommended. 30 Cranberry Lake Photo Credit: Tony Biale Cranberry Lake Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle was found near the bathrooms on the north end of the campground. It was not managed due the size of plants present. Common buckthorn was observed at site 55 but was not managed due to the size of plants. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK CURRENT Garlic mustard was mapped and removed from sites 37, INFESTATION CONDITION 38, 40, 45, 50, 80, 82, 92, 96, 98, 99, near the bathrooms in SPECIES loop one, along the road between peninsula loop and 4 4 PRESENT amphitheater parking, and near site 24. In total, 1,220 plants were removed from 23 locations within the campground. This is an increase in the number of plants PLANTS 3,000 1,226 removed compared to 2017. This resulted from the REMOVED detection of a new infestation containing over 600 plants in 2018. However, it should be noted that the total number of invaded sites also increased sharply from 2017 to 2018 (Figure 22). The cause of this sudden increase is unknown. 3500 50 3000 2500 40 2000 30 10 1500 No Data 20 1000 500 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 22. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Cranberry Lake Campground. Recommendations: Garlic mustard exhibited an increase in distribution and abundance from 2017 to 2018. However, abundance is still 60% lower than the historic high observed in 2012. There should be a concerted effort in 2019 to ensure all propagule sources are removed, including surveys of undeveloped portions of the campground for previously undetected infestations. Common buckthorn remains limited in distribution and should be targeted for management in 2019 using appropriate tools and techniques. Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the campground and should be addressed only after management of higher priority species is complete. However, since these woody species can be spread long distances via bird dispersed seed, reintroduction is likely. Reed canary grass should be monitored for spread but is not a management target. 31 Number of Plants Removed 60 No Data Number of Infestations Reed canary grass was observed at site 55 but was not managed. Ray Brook Working Circle The Ray Brook working circle contains 17 campgrounds: Ausable Point, Buck Pond, Crown Point, Fish Creek Pond, Lake Eaton, Lake Harris, Lincoln Pond, Meacham Lake, Meadowbrook, Paradox Lake, Poke-O-Moonshine, Putnam Pond, Rollins Pond, Saranac Lake Islands, Sharp Bridge, Taylor Pond, and Wilmington Notch. Fifteen locations were surveyed and managed in 2018. Target invasive species were present at eight campgrounds and absent from seven. The following section provides an overview of survey and management activities for these locations. RAYBROOK WORKING CIRCLE MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Campground Ausable Point Buck Pond Crown Point Fish Creek Pond Lake Eaton Lake Harris Lincoln Pond Meacham Lake Meadowbrook Paradox Lake Poke-O-Moonshine Putnam Pond Rollins Pond Saranac Lake Islands Sharp Bridge Taylor Pond Wilmington Notch Invasive Plants Present None Observed Garlic Mustard Purple Loosestrife Wild Parsnip Bush Honeysuckle Autumn Olive Common buckthorn Bush Honeysuckle Purple Loosestrife None Observed Purple Loosestrife Purple Loosestrife None Observed Bush Honeysuckle Garlic Mustard Purple Loosestrife None Observed None Observed None Observed Purple Loosestrife Purple Loosestrife None Observed Total Plants Removed Not inventoried in 2018 N/A 0* 77 359 0 0 0 1 7 N/A 274 2 N/A 1 7 256 N/A N/A N/A Not Inventoried in 2018 37 40 N/A Density of Infestations N/A Low Low Extreme Sparse Sparse Sparse Low Sparse N/A Moderate Sparse N/A Low Sparse Moderate N/A N/A N/A Low Low N/A * = Plant was dead/dormant and it was too late in season for effective management. Density of Infestations: Sparse – less than 25 plants observed across the campground Low – 25 – 149 plants observed across the campground Moderate – 150-500 plants observed across the campground High – Greater than 500 plants observed across the campground Extreme – Greater than 500 plants observed across the campground and management of the campground could not be achieved by a five-person crew in one day, or biological control measures are recommended. 32 Ausable Point Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: This facility was not visited in 2018 due to time constraints. The campground should be a high priority for follow up survey and management in 2019 to address known infestations of the following species: Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the campground and beyond the threshold for eradication or containment. Mechanical management can suppress populations, but efforts will need to be advanced in perpetuity and reintroduction is likely. Oriental bittersweet is widespread throughout the campground and beyond the threshold for eradication or containment. Mechanical management can suppress populations, but efforts will need to be advanced in perpetuity and reintroduction is likely. Purple loosestrife is well established at this campground and beyond the point of mechanical control. This location should be prioritized for biocontrol release in 2019. Continued mechanical management of isolated infestations will slow the encroachment of purple loosestrife into the interior of the campground. Buck Pond Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: No target invasive species were detected at this facility in 2018. This campground should be monitored annually for new infestations of terrestrial invasive species. Buck Pond Campground Photo Credit: DEC 33 Crown Point Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Autumn olive was mapped near the disc golf trail, but plants were too large for mechanical management. Bush honeysuckle was observed near the disc golf trail, near the lighthouse, and sporadically throughout the campground. Plants were not managed due to time constraints as well as their widespread distribution and size. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE Common buckthorn was found near the lighthouse, but plants were too large for mechanical management. Garlic mustard was mapped at sites 14 and 16; however, infestations had already gone to seed and were not managed (Figure 23). Purple loosestrife was mapped and managed along the stairs from site 35 and at site 58. In total, 77 plants were removed (Figure 24). However, additional infestations were detected that were beyond the point of mechanical control. PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 8 SPECIES PRESENT 6 1,860 PLANTS REMOVED 436 Reed canary grass was mapped at the base of the stairs near site 35 but was not managed. Wild parsnip is abundant throughout much of the campground, especially on the steep banks along the access road to the boat launch, and at sites 3, 5, 6 and 15. In total, 359 plants were removed from five locations within the campground. However, complete management was not possible due to time constraints. There has been a steady increase in the number of wild parsnip plants removed each year since 2016 (Figure 25). 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Number of Infestations Number of Plants Removed Number of Infestations Yellow iris was documented and managed from 2014 to 2017 but was not observed in 2018 (Figure 26). Plants Removed 34 Figure 23. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Crown Point Campground. * indicates years in which control of all known infestations was not completed. 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Number of Infestations Number of Plants Removed Number of Infestations 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Plants Removed Number of Infestations 1.2 16 14 1 12 0.8 10 0.6 8 6 0.4 4 0.2 2 0 0 Number of Infestations Number of Plants Removed Figure 24. Purple loosestrife distribution and management progress at Crown Point Campground. * indicates years in which control of all known infestations was not completed. Plants Removed 16 400 14 350 12 300 10 250 8 200 6 150 4 100 2 50 0 0 Number of Infestations Number of Plants Removed Number of Infestations Figure 25. Yellow iris distribution and management progress at Crown Point Campground. Plants Removed Figure 26. Wild parsnip distribution and management progress at Crown Point Campground. * indicates years in which control of all known infestations was not completed. 35 Recommendations: Garlic mustard could not be managed in 2018 because plants had already gone to seed. This site should be visited earlier in 2019 to ensure there is adequate time to complete all surveys and management work. Purple loosestrife has remained widespread at this facility since intensive survey efforts began in 2012. Since the abundance of plants is beyond the threshold of mechanical control, this facility should be prioritized for biocontrol release in 2019. Wild parsnip remains abundant throughout the campground despite intermittent management since 2012. The spread of wild parsnip within the facility has been exacerbated by mowing during seed set. Outreach to campground staff should be conducted to raise awareness of invasive plant best management practices. Reed canary grass was mapped at the campground for the first time in 2018. This species can be monitored for spread but is not a management priority. Woody species including autumn olive, bush honeysuckle and common buckthorn are abundant at Crown Point. These species are also abundant in the surrounding landscape and are likely to reinvade following management. Crown Point Campground Photo Credit: The Outdoor Project 36 Fish Creek Pond Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle was observed growing sporadically throughout the campground, but was not managed due to time constraints, its distribution, and the size of plants. Purple loosestrife was mapped and managed in a wet grassy area across from site 182. In total, seven plants were removed (Figure 27). This marks the first-year purple loosestrife was observed since 2014. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE Recommendations: Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the campground and should be addressed only after management of higher priority species is complete. However, since this species can be spread long distances via bird dispersed seed, reintroduction is likely. PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 2 SPECIES PRESENT 2 8 PLANTS REMOVED 8 Purple loosestrife was detected at the campground for the first time since 2014. Plants were mapped and removed from the same location as the 2014 infestation and likely emerged from the seedbank or remnant rootstock. This location should be a high priority for follow-up surveys and management to ensure full eradication of the infestation. With continued management, purple loosestrife can likely be locally eradicated from the campground. 8 7 1 6 0.8 5 0.6 4 3 0.4 2 0.2 1 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 27. Purple loosestrife distribution and management progress at Fish Creek Pond Campground. 37 Number of Plants Removed Number of Infestations 1.2 Lake Eaton Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle was not observed in the campground for the first time in 2018. Historically, scattered plants have been mapped and managed. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE Garlic mustard was not observed at the campground in 2018 and is considered locally eradicated (Figure 28). PEAK CURRENT INFESTATION Recommendations: Although garlic mustard has been locally eradicated from this campground, surveys should continue to increase opportunities for early detection and rapid response. Special attention should be given to historically invaded sites, including: 29, 92, 105, 106 and 108. CONDITION 2 SPECIES PRESENT 0 250 PLANTS REMOVED 0 Bush honeysuckle should be managed, if detected, to exclude it from the facility. Reintroduction is likely since this species can be spread long distances via bird dispersed seeds. 9 250 7 6 200 5 150 4 3 2 1 0 100 No Data Number of Infestations 8 Number of Infestations 50 0 Plants Removed Figure 28. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Lake Eaton Campground. 38 Number of Plants Removed 300 Lake Harris Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Purple loosestrife was mapped and removed along the lakeshore between sites 12-20 and near the beach/boat launch area. In total, 274 purple loosestrife plants were pulled from two locations within the campground. This represent a slight increase from the total number of plants removed in 2017; however, it is still less than the peak infestation levels documented in 2012 when over 1,100 plants were removed from two locations (Figure 29). Recommendations: Purple loosestrife remains the only target invasive species present at this facility. Abundance has decreased by 76% from peak levels documented in 2012. The largest infestation occurs within a dense patch of alders that restricts access and makes management difficult. For several years, this thick growth has precluded management of the entire infestation. This is reflected in the count of total plants removed, which has remained relatively constant or increased slightly from 2016 through 2018. To address this challenge, this site should be prioritized for biological control to suppress unmanaged, inaccessible plants. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION 1 SPECIES PRESENT 1 1,155 PLANTS REMOVED 274 2.5 1200 2 1000 800 1 600 0.5 No Data 1.5 400 200 0 Number of Plants Removed 1400 No Data Number of Infestations CURRENT CONDITION 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 29. Purple loosestrife distribution and management progress at Lake Harris Campground. * indicates years in which control of all known infestations was not completed. 39 Lincoln Pond Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Garlic mustard was not observed in 2018, marking two consecutive years of absence (Figure 30). Purple loosestrife was found along the forest edge leading to the boat rental area. In total, only two plants were removed from the campground in 2018. This marks a significant decrease in peak infestation levels observed in 2015 when 163 plants were removed from two locations (Figure 31). SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION 2 Recommendations: CURRENT CONDITION SPECIES PRESENT 1 PLANTS 172 REMOVED Garlic mustard was not observed in the campground for the second consecutive year. This species should remain a top survey priority to fully document local eradication and facilitate early detection and rapid response should plants remerge. With continued survey and management effort garlic mustard can likely be locally eradicated. 2 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Number of Infestations 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 30. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Lincoln Pond Campground. 40 Number of Plants Removed The total quantity of purple loosestrife removed from the campground has decreased by 98% from peak observation levels observed in 2014, with only two plants removed in 2018. With sustained survey and management effort, purple loosestrife can likely be locally eradicated from the campground. Number of Infestations 160 2 140 120 1.5 100 80 1 60 40 0.5 20 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 31. Purple loosestrife distribution and management progress at Lincoln Pond Campground. Lincoln Pond Campground Photo Credit: See/Swim 41 Number of Plants Removed 180 2.5 Meacham Lake Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Garlic mustard was last mapped and managed at the campground in 2006 but has not been observed since (Figure 32). This species is locally eradicated. Recommendations: Garlic mustard has been absent from the campground for 11 consecutive years and is considered locally eradicated. Survey efforts should continue to quickly detect and address reemergence or introductions of new terrestrial invasive plants. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION 1 SPECIES PRESENT 0 3 PLANTS REMOVED 0 3 1 2.5 0.8 2 0.6 1.5 0.4 1 0.2 0.5 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 32. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Meacham Lake Campground. 42 Number of Plants Removed 3.5 1.2 Number of Infestations CURRENT CONDITION Meadowbrook Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle is found sporadically throughout the campground. It was mapped at sites 23, 29 and along the trail to Scarface Mountain. Most plants were not managed due to the species widespread distribution in the surrounding area. SUMMARY STATS: Garlic mustard was not observed in 2018 and is PROGRESS TO DATE considered locally eradicated (Figure 33). Japanese barberry was not observed in 2018. It was last documented in 2015, when two shrubs were removed. PEAK INFESTATION 3 CURRENT CONDITION SPECIES PRESENT 1 Recommendations: PLANTS 70 Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the REMOVED campground and should be addressed only after management of higher priority species is complete. However, since this species can be spread long distances via bird dispersed seed, reintroduction is likely. 1 Garlic mustard has been absent from this campground for five consecutive years. Survey efforts should continue to facilitate early detection and rapid response should reemergence occur. Additional effort should be dedicated to surveying undeveloped portions of the campground to ensure there are not undetected source infestations. 70 1 60 50 0.8 40 0.6 30 0.4 No Data 0.2 20 10 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 33. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Meadowbrook Campground. 43 Number of Plants Removed 1.2 No Data Number of Infestations Isolated Japanese barberry plants were detected and removed in 2015 and have not returned. Survey and management efforts should focus on maintaining the exclusion of this species. Paradox Lake Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Garlic mustard was mapped and removed from site 48. In total, seven plants were removed from one location within the campground. This marks a significant decrease from peak infestation levels documented in 2014 when 2,200 plants were SUMMARY STATS: removed from eight locations (Figure 34). PROGRESS TO DATE Purple loosestrife was mapped and removed from the campground boat launch area. In total, 256 plants were removed. Annual distribution and abundance has fluctuated historically, with no clearly discernible management trend (Figure 35). Recommendations: PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 2 SPECIES PRESENT 2 2,380 PLANTS REMOVED 263 Garlic mustard distribution and abundance have decreased by 99% from peak infestation levels observed in 2014. With sustained survey and management efforts, garlic mustard can likely be locally eradicated. Additional effort should be dedicated to surveying undeveloped portions of the campground to ensure there are not undetected source populations. The quantity of purple loosestrife removed from the facility annually has fluctuated since project inception. The driver for this variability is unclear, but alternative or supplemental management techniques, such as the use of biological controls, should be considered in 2019. 9 2000 7 6 1500 5 4 1000 2 1 0 No Data 3 No Data Number of Infestations 8 Number of Infestations 500 0 Plants Removed Figure 34. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Paradox Lake Campground. 44 Number of Plants Removed 2500 400 7 350 6 300 5 250 4 200 3 150 2 1 0 Number of Infestations 100 50 0 Plants Removed Figure 35. Purple loosestrife distribution and management progress at Paradox Lake Campground. Poke-O-Moonshine Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: This facility is no longer administered as a public campground. However, it is open and frequently visited as a day use facility by land-based outdoor recreationalists. No invasive species were detected at this location in 2018. 45 Paradox Lake Campground Photo Credit: John Haywood, The Outdoor Project Number of Plants Removed 8 No Data 450 No Data Number of Infestations 9 Putnam Pond Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Garlic mustard was not observed in 2018, marking two consecutive years of absence (Figure 36). SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE Purple loosestrife was not observed in 2018, marking two consecutive years of absence (Figure 37). PEAK CURRENT INFESTATION 2 PLANTS REMOVED 0 350 3 300 2.5 250 2 200 1.5 150 1 0.5 0 No Data 3.5 No Data Number of Infestations Both garlic mustard and purple loosestrife have been absent from the campground for two consecutive years. These species should remain top survey priorities to 331 facilitate early detection and rapid response to address reemergence. With sustained survey and management effort, garlic mustard and purple loosestrife can likely be locally eradicated. 0 Number of Infestations 100 50 0 Number of Plants Removed Recommendations: CONDITION SPECIES PRESENT Plants Removed 2.5 30 2 25 1.5 15 1 10 5 0 No Data 20 No Data Number of Infestations 35 Number of Infestations 0.5 0 Plants Removed Figure 37. Purple loosestrife distribution and management progress at Putnam Pond Campground. 46 Number of Plants Removed Figure 36. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Putnam Pond Campground. Rollins Pond Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Garlic mustard was not detected at the campground in 2018 and is considered locally eradicated (Figure 38). SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE Recommendations: Garlic mustard was not observed in 2018 and is considered locally eradicated. Annual monitoring should be conducted to facilitate early detection and rapid response to address potential reemergence. Purple loosestrife is present nearby at Fish Creek Pond campground and should be a top survey priority for Rollins Pond. PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 1 SPECIES PRESENT 0 750 PLANTS REMOVED 0 700 5 600 4 500 3 400 1 No Data 300 2 200 100 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 38. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Rollins Pond Campground. Saranac Lake Islands Recommendations: This campground has never been inventoried because it is only accessible by boat. An initial survey of this campground should be performed in 2019 if time and resources are available. 47 Number of Plants Removed 800 No Data Number of Infestations 6 Sharp Bridge Invasive Plant Distribution: Purple loosestrife was mapped and removed from the shoreline between the bridge and picnic area, and near the sandbar downstream from the picnic area. In total, 37 plants were removed from these two locations, with the majority found along the shoreline. This marks a decrease from peak invasion levels observed in 2015, when 677 plants were removed (Figure 39). Recommendations: PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 1 SPECIES PRESENT 1 677 PLANTS REMOVED 37 4.5 800 4 700 3.5 600 3 500 2.5 400 2 300 1.5 1 200 0.5 100 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 39. Purple loosestrife distribution and management progress at Sharp Bridge Campground. 48 Number of Plants Removed Number of Infestations Purple loosestrife should remain a top survey and management priority for this location. Abundance has declined by 95% from peak infestation levels observed in 2015. With sustained effort, purple loosestrife can likely be locally eradicated. If time and resources allow, a survey along the river should be conducted to assess the distribution of purple loosestrife upstream from the campground. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE Taylor Pond Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Purple loosestrife was mapped and removed from both sides of the path between campsites 20 and 21. In total, 40 plants were removed from two locations. This marks a significant decrease from peak infestation levels observed in 2012 when 800 plants were removed (Figure 40). Recommendations: The quantity of purple loosestrife removed from the campground annually has declined by 95% from peak infestation levels observed in 2012. With sustained survey and management effort, purple loosestrife can likely be locally eradicated. This campground should be monitored annually in late summer for purple loosestrife and other new invasive plant species. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 1 SPECIES PRESENT 1 800 PLANTS REMOVED 40 2 700 600 1.5 500 400 1 0.5 No Data 300 No Data Number of Infestations 800 200 100 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 40. Purple loosestrife distribution and management progress at Taylor Pond Campground. Wilmington Notch Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: No target invasive species were detected at this facility in 2018. This campground should be monitored annually for new infestations of invasive species. 49 Number of Plants Removed 900 2.5 Warrensburg Working Circle The Warrensburg working circle contains seven campgrounds: Luzerne, Lake George Battleground, Hearthstone Point, Eagle Point, Scaroon Manor, Rogers Rock, and Lake George Islands. Six campgrounds were surveyed and managed in 2018, with target invasive species present at five facilities. The following section provides an overview of survey and management activities for these locations. WARRENSBURG WORKING CIRCLE MANAGEMENT SUMMARY Campground Eagle Point Hearthstone Point Lake George Battleground Invasive Plants Present None Observed Garlic Mustard Knotweed spp. Japanese Barberry Bush Honeysuckle Norway Maple Oriental Bittersweet Garlic Mustard Knotweed spp. Japanese Barberry Oriental Bittersweet Bush Honeysuckle Norway Maple Lake George Islands Luzerne Rogers Rock Scaroon Manor Garlic Mustard Bush Honeysuckle Garlic Mustard Japanese Barberry Bush Honeysuckle Wild Parsnip Winged Burning Bush Bush Honeysuckle Oriental Bittersweet Japanese Barberry Total Plants Removed N/A 166* 0 1 0 0 0 4341* 0 2 0 0 0 Not Inventoried in 2018 5 1 0* 0 0 0* 0 0 100 0 Density of Infestations N/A High High Low High Sparse Low Extreme High Moderate High High Sparse Sparse Extreme High High High Sparse Moderate High High High * = Plant was dead/dormant and it was too late in season for effective management. Density of Infestations: Sparse – less than 25 plants observed across the campground Low – 25 – 149 plants observed across the campground Moderate – 150-500 plants observed across the campground High – Greater than 500 plants observed across the campground Extreme – Greater than 500 plants observed across the campground and management of the campground could not be achieved by a five-person crew in one day, or biological control measures are recommended. 50 Luzerne Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle was mapped in the day use area across from the picnic pavilion but is found throughout the campground. One isolated plant was removed, but most infestations were not managed due to the species widespread distribution and size of plants. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 2 SPECIES PRESENT 2 310 PLANTS REMOVED 6 4.5 350 4 300 3.5 250 3 2.5 200 2 150 1.5 100 1 50 0.5 0 Number of Plants Removed Number of Infestations Garlic mustard was mapped and removed near the shower building and across from where the dirt road joins the main road. In total, five garlic mustard plants were removed from two locations within the campground. This marks a significant decrease from peak infestation levels observed in 2015, when 310 plants were removed from four locations (Figure 41). 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 41. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Luzerne Campground. * indicates years in which control of all known infestations was not completed. Recommendations: Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the campground and many plants are too large to remove by pulling or digging. Small, isolated plants can be removed to suppress the infestation, but only after management of higher priority species has been completed. Garlic mustard abundance has decreased by 98% from peak infestations levels observed in 2015. With sustained survey and management effort, garlic mustard can likely be locally eradicated. 51 Lake George Battleground Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the campground. It was not managed due to time constraints, its widespread distribution, and the size of plants. Garlic mustard was mapped near sites 10, 12, 14, 16, 19, 20, behind the recycling center and behind sites 8-19. The largest infestations were located behind the recycling center and behind sites 8-19. Many infestations had already gone to seed and could not be managed in 2018. In total, 4,341 plants SUMMARY STATS: were pulled from eight locations within the campground PROGRESS TO DATE (Figure 42). While the total number of plants removed is PEAK CURRENT significantly less than the previous season, this is INFESTATION CONDITION primarily a reflection of incomplete management due to SPECIES plant phenology. 6 6 PRESENT Japanese barberry was mapped and removed near sites 50 and 54. Two plants were pulled and left onsite to decompose. 20,008 PLANTS REMOVED 4,341 Knotweed spp. were mapped in the back of the campground, extending onto private property. Mechanical control of knotweed is generally not effective, so no management was performed. Norway maple was mapped at site 58, but not managed. Oriental bittersweet was observed next to site 46 and in the area behind sites 8-19 but was not managed due to time constraints. 20000 14 12 15000 10 8 10000 6 4 2 0 No Data Number of Infestations 16 Number of Infestations 5000 Number of Plants Removed 25000 18 0 Plants Removed Figure 42. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Lake George Battleground Campground. * indicates years in which control of all known infestations was not completed. 52 Recommendations: Bush honeysuckle, oriental bittersweet, and Norway maple are widespread throughout the campground and surrounding landscape and are not high priorities for management. This campground has the most extensive garlic mustard infestation of all locations surveyed in 2018. Management of all infestations was not completed, as many plants had already gone to seed. This facility should be visited earlier in 2019 to ensure there is adequate time to survey and manage all infestations. In previous years, an SCA crew has assisted with management at this site, although this resource was not available in 2018. This partnership should be continued in 2019, if possible. The knotweed infestation should be monitored annually and treated with herbicide by APIPP’s response team once appropriate landowner permission is attained. Japanese barberry remains limited in distribution and should be targeted for containment/exclusion if time and resources allow following garlic mustard management. Offering an invasive species identification and management seminar for the campground staff would be useful, if time and resources are available. This would increase awareness among staff about invasive plants, and their assistance could contribute to the success of future management efforts. Lake George Battleground Photo Credit: HipCamp 53 Hearthstone Point Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Autumn olive was documented for the first time in the campground in 2017 but was not observed this season. Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the campground and was not managed due to time constraints, its distribution, and the size of plants. Garlic mustard was mapped and removed from site 70, 219, and the spoils area. In total, 166 plants were removed from three locations (Figure 43). An additional infestation was mapped but could not be managed because the plants had already gone to seed. Japanese barberry was mapped near site 64 and the beach. An additional infestation was mapped and removed near the fence on the south end of the campground. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 9 SPECIES PRESENT 6 21,500 PLANTS REMOVED 167 Knotweed spp. were mapped down the road from site 73 and in the spoils area. Mechanical control of knotweed is generally not effective, so no management was performed. Multiflora rose was documented and managed for the first time in the campground in 2017 but was not observed this season. Norway maple was mapped at site 70 but was not managed. 25000 20000 10 8 15000 6 10000 4 2 0 No Data Number of Infestations 12 Number of Infestations 5000 Number of Plants Removed 14 0 Plants Removed Figure 43. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Hearthstone Point Campground. * indicates years in which control 54 of all known infestations was not completed. Oriental bittersweet was mapped in the spoils area, but not managed due to time constraints, its widespread distribution, and the size of plants. Winged burning bush was documented and managed at this campground for the first time in 2017 but was not observed this season. Recommendations: Garlic mustard should remain the top survey and management priority for this campground. All infestations could not be managed in 2018 because plants had already gone to seed. This facility should be visited earlier in 2019 to ensure there is adequate time to survey and manage all infestations. The dense knotweed infestation located at the spoils area should be treated with herbicide by APIPP’s terrestrial response team to limit its continued spread into the campground. Bush honeysuckle, oriental bittersweet, and Norway maple are widespread throughout the campground and are not high priorities for management. Japanese barberry is found in lower abundance and can be controlled only after management of higher priority species is complete. However, since these woody species can be spread long distances via bird dispersed seed, reintroduction is likely. Autumn olive, winged burning, and multiflora rose were not observed at the campground in 2018 but have been documented in previous years. Survey efforts should target these species to fully document local eradication and address potential reemergence. 55 Hearthstone Point Campground Photo Credit: See/Swim Eagle Point Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle was found at this campground for the first time in 2017 but was not detected in 2018. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION Recommendations: CURRENT CONDITION SPECIES Number of Infestations 2 No target invasive species were observed at this PRESENT campground in 2018. Both bush honeysuckle and garlic mustard were documented in previous seasons but have PLANTS been successfully controlled. Survey efforts should 33 REMOVED continue to fully document local eradication and quickly detect and address potential species reemergence. Purple loosestrife is known to exist within close proximity to this facility and should be a high priority for early detection surveys. 0 0 1.2 35 1 30 25 0.8 20 0.6 15 0.4 10 0.2 5 0 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 44. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Eagle Point Campground. 56 Number of Plants Removed Garlic mustard was not detected in 2018, marking two consecutive years of absence (Figure 44). Scaroon Manor Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the campground and was not managed. Garlic mustard was not detected at the campground for the first time in 2018. This is the result of ongoing management conducted from 2014-2017 (Figure 45). Japanese barberry is widespread throughout the campground and was not managed. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE Oriental bittersweet is present in high abundance throughout the campground but is especially prevalent in a wooded area across from site 13. In total, about 100 plants were removed in 2018, but not all infestations were managed due to their widespread distribution and time constraints. PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 5 SPECIES PRESENT 4 791 PLANTS REMOVED 100 Winged burning bush was mapped in the woods across from site 13, near the accessible parking, and near the picnic area, but was not managed due to time constraints. Recommendations: Number of Infestations 1.2 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed Figure 45. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Scaroon Manor Campground. 57 Number of Plants Removed Garlic mustard should remain the top survey and management priority for this facility. No plants were observed in 2018, following four consecutive years of management. With sustained survey and management resources, garlic mustard can likely be locally eradicated. Additional effort should be dedicated to surveying undeveloped portions of the campground to ensure there are not undetected source populations. Multiple woody invasive plants are present at this facility. With a decline in garlic mustard abundance, management efforts can shit to focus on these species. However, since these species can be spread long distances via bird dispersed seed, reintroduction is likely. Management may result in containment or suppression but is unlikely to result in eradication. Rogers Rock Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: Bush honeysuckle is widespread throughout the campground and was not managed. Garlic mustard was mapped at sites 6, 7, the bathroom behind site 7, across from sites 7, 9, 11, 17, between site 21 & 22, and along the stream near sites 32, 43, 73, 162, 163, 166A, 167, 169, 182, and 259 (Figure 46). Infestations were not managed because all plants had gone to seed. Japanese barberry was mapped at site 14 but can be found sporadically throughout the campground. SUMMARY STATS: PROGRESS TO DATE PEAK INFESTATION CURRENT CONDITION 5 SPECIES PRESENT 4 791 PLANTS REMOVED 0 Wild parsnip was found at the campground for the first time in 2018, located near site 20; however, it had already gone to seed and could not be managed. Winged burning bush was found at site 223 but plants were too large to be removed mechanically. Recommendations: 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Number of Infestations Plants Removed 58 Figure 46. Garlic mustard distribution and management progress at Rogers Rock Campground. Number of Plants Removed 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 No Data Number of Infestations Herbaceous species (garlic mustard and wild parsnip) are the top management priorities for this campground. Both species were not managed in 2018 because they had already gone to seed. This facility should be visited earlier in 2019 to ensure there is adequate time to survey and manage all infestations. Although garlic mustard could not be managed this season, considerable progress has been made in reducing its distribution and abundance. Woody species are widespread throughout the campground and should be addressed only after management of higher priority species is complete. However, since these species can be spread long distances via bird dispersed seed, reintroduction is likely. Lake George Islands Invasive Species Distribution and Management Overview: This facility was not visited in 2018. A partial inventory was performed in 2007, revealing that purple loosestrife, bush honeysuckle, Japanese barberry, spotted knapweed, and multiflora rose were present at various campsites. Long Island was found to be infested with all five of these species, while Speaker Heck Island was only found to have bush honeysuckle, purple loosestrife, and spotted knapweed. Diamond Island only had bush honeysuckle. A complete inventory of the island should be prioritized for 2019 to assess the distribution and abundance of target species and evaluate management opportunities. Lake George Islands Campground Photo Credit: Off on Adventure 59 Emerald Ash Borer Monitoring In addition to routine invasive plant surveillance and management activities, the Steward assisted APIPP staff with the deployment and maintenance of emerald ash borer (EAB) detection traps throughout the PRISM. As of 2018, only one infestation of EAB has been confirmed within the Adirondack PRISM – located in northern Franklin County – and there are no known occurrences of EAB within the Adirondack Park boundary. The Steward completed bi-weekly checks and sample collections for five traps distributed throughout the PRISM (Figure 47). Over the course of the season, the Steward collected and preserved 54 insect samples for processing at a later date. Upon follow up inspection by APIPP staff, all samples were found to be free of EAB. Emerald Ash Borer Trap Locations Trap Name/Location County Town Gulf Brook Rd. Northampton Campground Perkins Clearing 7th Lake Boat Launch Fernow Forest Trailhead Parking Essex Fulton Hamilton Hamilton Franklin North Hudson Northampton Lake Pleasant Inlet Harrietstown Figure 47. Location of EAB traps monitored by the Steward in 2018. 60 Conclusion Under APIPP’s direction and supervision, Invasive Species Campground Stewards have achieved significant progress in documenting and managing terrestrial invasive species on DEC administered lands throughout the Adirondack PRISM. The additional seasonal management capacity provided through this position has greatly increased APIPP’s ability to reduce and/or eliminate priority invasive plant infestations as well as spread potential by land-based outdoor recreationalists. Since 2012, these Stewards have: • Surveyed approximately 4,000 acres of DEC land (~571 annually). • Documented over 1,000 infestations of 17 target terrestrial invasive species. • Reduced garlic mustard abundance at DEC campgrounds by approximately 90%. In 2018, only 6,502 plants were removed, compared to 68,048 in 2012. • Eradicated garlic mustard from five campgrounds and documented one or two years of absence at seven additional campgrounds. • Reduced purple loosestrife abundance at DEC campgrounds by approximately 83%. In 2018, only 858 plants were removed, compared to a peak of 4,956. • Confirmed the complete absence of APIPP’s target terrestrial plant species at eight DEC campgrounds. Trend analysis suggests that target species distribution and abundance at DEC campgrounds will continue to decline with continued support and advancement of this program. Fourteen campgrounds had significantly reduced levels of garlic mustard in 2018 and are candidates for local eradication over the coming years. An additional six campgrounds had extremely low levels of purple loosestrife that are expected to be locally eradicated over the coming years. The compelling progress achieved by the Stewards to date should serve as strong justification for continuation of this program. Increases in invasive plant abundance observed following the 20102011 funding lapse demonstrate the potential impact of reduced or eliminated programming. APIPP looks forward to building upon program success to maintain the quality of DECadministered lands and protect the Adirondack region from invasive species impacts. 61