REPOR January 07, 2019 The Honorable Erik A. Hooks, Secretary North Carolina Department of Public Safety 512 North Salisbury Street Raleigh, NC 27604 Dear Secretary Hooks: The following report is respectfully submitted to you by the Governor’s Crime Commission Special Committee on School Shootings (SCSS). The SCSS operated with your charge in mind and offers a list of recommendations that attempt to reflect a “whole-of-community” and “whole-of-government” approach to making North Carolina’s schools safer. As a committee, we appreciated your guidance and involvement as we worked through the many issues that are part of the daily challenge of making our schools the safest they can be. We look forward to further actions that we can support. We stand ready to answer any questions you may have or offer any clarifications you require. Respectfully, Special Committee on School Shootings Governor’s Crime Commission ii Acknowledgments The Governor’s Crime Commission Special Committee on School Shootings (SCSS) acknowledges and thanks the many state agencies, organizations, groups, and individuals who worked with us. Representatives of the following shared their expertise at SCSS committee meetings and contributed important information that we used in our work: • NC School Boards Association • NC Center for Safer Schools • Panther Creek High School Students • Rockingham County Public Schools • Charlotte-Mecklenburg County Public Schools • Davie County Public Schools • Orange County Public Schools • Duke University • NC State Bureau of Investigation • NC Association of Chiefs of Police • NC Sheriffs’ Association • NC Justice Academy • NC Criminal Justice Education and Training Standards Commission • NC Sheriffs' Education and Training Standards Commission • NC State Emergency Response Commission • NC Department of Public Safety – Division of Adult Correction and Juvenile Justice iii Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... v Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Background ................................................................................................................................................... 2 SCSS Meetings and Public Forums ............................................................................................................... 3 Guiding Principles ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................................... 11 Training ................................................................................................................................................... 13 Physical Security ..................................................................................................................................... 14 Threat Intelligence / Assessment .......................................................................................................... 16 School - Law Enforcement Partnerships ................................................................................................ 18 Possible Statutory Changes / Additions ................................................................................................ 19 Other Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 21 Possible Action Items ................................................................................................................................. 23 Supporting Documentation ....................................................................................................................... 24 Governor’s Crime Commission Special Committee on School Shootings Members ........................... 24 SCSS Meeting Agendas ........................................................................................................................... 25 SCSS Public Forum Agendas ................................................................................................................... 33 Resources Used By The SCSS .................................................................................................................. 35 iv Executive Summary In 2018, North Carolina, like other states, found itself in the position of responding with statewide actions to school shootings. Several efforts emerged as a result of these shootings, including a request by Department of Public Safety Secretary Erik A. Hooks that the Governor’s Crime Commission establish a special committee to develop recommendations to strengthen school safety with a “whole of community” / “whole of government” approach. Announced on April 19, 2018, the Special Committee on School Shootings (SCSS), comprised of representatives from law enforcement, juvenile justice, courts, schools, state agencies, and other stakeholders, held five meetings and two public forums in 2018. Co-chaired by Gaston County Sheriff Alan Cloninger and Wake County Sheriff Donnie Harrison, the SCSS identified five themes to frame its work: training; physical security; threat intelligence / assessment; school - law enforcement partnerships; and possible statutory changes. An additional category for “Other Recommendations” was also established. The SCSS applied consistency, uniformity, standardization, and common sense as drivers to its decisions. Articulating the need for consistent understanding and terminology, uniformity in actions, and standardization via training and legislation when appropriate were noted as particularly important in defining and describing how law enforcement needs to perform in its safe school efforts. Noting that “common sense isn’t so common,” the co-chairs were determined to use the reality check of common sense throughout the SCSS’s work. Eleven Guiding Principles served as the foundation for the SCSS’s efforts: • “I” (meaning everyone, including law enforcement and school personnel, students and parents) have responsibility for keeping schools safe • Input from everyone is needed as putting together different perspectives enhances understanding • Integrity in conduct and practices is valued and practiced • Involvement in multiple approaches is essential as the “causes” of school violence are multiple in nature • Integrated approaches are best…ones that are based in cooperation and collaboration • Information sharing is critical and providing methods for information sharing is key to effective communication • Improvement in current practices as well as Innovative new practices should be supported when evidence of effectiveness is provided • Investigative approaches are valuable in preventing school violence • Intentional efforts help with preventing school violence, and preventing school violence is the best way to make schools safer The meetings and public forums played critical roles in the SCSS’s effort as they were well attended by many different stakeholders representing different viewpoints, expertise, and experiences. In the following report, twenty-two recommendations are categorized into the five SCSS themes with another eleven placed in “Other Recommendations.” Consideration of identifying recommendations that might be acted on immediately as well as the development of a statewide strategic plan for school safety given the many efforts in the state are conclusions offered in the report. v 1. TRAINING RECOMMENDATIONS Support Training & Standards changes in School Resource Officer (SRO) training and recommend that qualified personnel be able to train SROs with the NC Justice Academy (NCJSA) course at community colleges and other venues as long as qualified trainers and approved materials are used. (NOTE: Qualified trainers are those recognized by the NCJA and meet standards that reflect being certified instructors, completion of SRO training, and completion of trainthe-trainer training.) 2. Enhance mental health training for SROs, including but not limited to community specific Crisis Intervention Training. 3. Enhance SRO training with Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) training as described by the NC School Boards Association (NCSBA). Recommend that NCSBA work with the NC Justice Academy to develop strategy for this so that it is taught as part of SRO training. NOTE: Generating awareness and understanding of Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in SRO training should also take place per Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) input. 4. Engage professionals from various disciplines (law, education, social work, mental health) to develop a best practices model for distinguishing the difference between bad behavior and criminal conduct. Include results as a part of SRO training and training of educators. Endorse law enforcement training that reflects best practices and prepares law enforcement for immediate “no waiting” active shooter response. This includes single responder to active shooter incident. Train SROs to be able to teach the schools to which they are assigned how to respond (run, hide fight) to an active shooter crisis and strategies to implement as the initial responders to help mitigate casualties. 5. 6. 7. PHYSICAL SECURITY RECOMMENDATIONS Require vulnerability assessments to be done. Such needs assessments should consider the placement and use of equipment such as metal detectors, alarm systems, hardened entrances, visible signage, and cameras / video surveillance. (NOTE: metal detectors should NOT be manned by SROs. Camera placement should be considered in all parts of a school, including classrooms.) Such assessments should also note single access policies and controls that are in place at each school. 8. Employ Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and its four principles (natural surveillance; natural access control; territorial reinforcement; and maintenance) to “harden” schools that are being built or renovated. Consider the development of code specifications that recognize “security certification” of schools. Review and designation of such certification shall be done by third parties. 9. Enhance active shooter drills and require that local schools, law enforcement agencies, and emergency responders work together on such drills. Local authorities (local schools, law enforcement agencies, and emergency responders) shall together determine whether and to what extent students participate. These same authorities shall decide together what drill approach to practice which, at a minimum, shall be a table top exercise with walk throughs, partial drills, or full drills considered and full drills the preferred approach. Note also that having more than one drill per year is recommended in order to prepare for possible incidents. A monitoring and reporting process to document these drills needs to be established. vi THREAT INTELLIGENCE / ASSESSMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 10. Support individual school multidisciplinary Threat Assessment Teams (TATs) which should include certified personnel. If no law enforcement (SRO) is assigned to the school, non-school-based law enforcement should be included on the TAT. TATs shall be set up to meet at regular (suggested weekly) intervals in order to share information and generate awareness as to possible threats. Encourage connecting to treatment and ensuring involvement with behavioral health providers for TATs. 11. Support Statewide Tip Line Application or tip lines / apps established through local cooperation. Any threats received through such tip lines /apps or other reporting media shall be immediately shared with the appropriate responding local law enforcement agency(cies). Consider how these reporting media can link to the SBI. Establish an education campaign about the tip lines / apps so that the entire school community is aware of and can access them to report concerns. NOTE: The Say Something Anonymous Reporting System (SS-ARS) from Sandy Hook Promise is available now and public forum participants strongly suggested that it be researched as an immediate option for reporting. Materials are being provided to the Special Committee. 12. Address mental health needs through a continuum approach from early warning signs to mental health services and require that school, law enforcement, students, and parents / families be made aware of the continuum. Emphasize the importance of reporting early warning signs to the TATs which, by definition, will ensure that law enforcement is made aware early when concerns arise. Emphasize how bullying is a warning sign and require that it must be addressed through school policy and discipline. 13. Include students in school safety conversations, planning, and training designing the involvement according to age/grade appropriateness. Important to note that certain types of tactical information shall not be shared or made public. 14. Support the SBI’s BeTA (Behavioral Threat Assessment) Unit as a means to preventing and reducing school violence. SCHOOL – LAW ENFORCEMENT PARTNERSHIPS RECOMMENDATIONS 15. Support FERPA training for all school and law enforcement personnel per suggestions offered by the NC School Boards Association. Include a component of parental / family awareness regarding FERPA and its exceptions. 16. Identify opportunities to expand information sharing within the interpretation of FERPA and HIPAA guidelines to allow sharing of critical information with agencies that have jurisdiction over programs that can be beneficial to our children. These can include, but are not limited to, the improved sharing of information and data from school to school and the court system to the schools. 17. Recommend that SRO programs operate with current signed memoranda of understanding (MOUs) that are based on model MOUs. Such MOUs should delineate the roles and responsibilities of school personnel and SROs as they work together. They should specify to the extent possible the fine line that separates school discipline from statute enforcement and who has responsibility for each in school settings. And they should address all SRO equipment needs especially given that continuing challenges with communications equipment in schools throughout the State exist and need to be addressed through funding, training, and school building renovations. 18. Recommend that each jurisdiction convene stakeholders for dialog about how to partner and cooperate to address the “school-to-prison pipeline.” 19. Improve school violence incident data collection and data sharing so that education and law enforcement officials at the state level have a consistent set of definitions and data to use as they work together on future safe school efforts. Explore incorporating “averted school violence incident” data into reporting to identify prevention strategies that work in North Carolina. POSSIBLE STATUTORY CHANGES / ADDITIONS RECOMMENDATIONS 20. Consider new legislation: Recommend full funding for an SRO position with equipment to be assigned to each school in North Carolina. NOTE: See alternative recommendation in “OTHER” section. NOTE: There is recognition that SROs need to be part of multifaceted approaches to making schools safer and that evaluations of SRO programs need to be conducted. vii 21. Support unpassed* Safe Schools Legislation: Vulnerability Assessments Threat Assessment Teams (The proposed legislation may require some clarification regarding the type of information which may be shared under subsections in the previously proposed legislation. For example, other than criminal history and health, juvenile court files may contain other information putting a child at risk which may not be available to school officials (unhealthy associations, gang affiliations etc.)) Data / incident reporting (work to strengthen this) Extreme Risk Protective Order / Gun Violence Protective Order legislation (Work with law enforcement and relevant constituencies to develop a version of Extreme Risk Protective Order legislation with a chance of passage in NC.) *NOTE: Not all unpassed legislation was considered by the Special Committee given its limited time to conduct business. Several of these pieces of unpassed legislation were mentioned at public forums (e.g., arming teachers). 22. From the Governor’s 2018-2019 budget: Support Youth Mental Health: Adds $55 million for mental health personnel and training, including $40 million for local school districts to hire more nurses, counselors, psychologists, and social workers who directly support student mental health, and $15 million for innovative, evidence-based programs including training to help teachers, school staff, and mental health professionals identify and respond to student mental health challenges. OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS 23. If not willing to pursue an SRO in every school, recommend the state push the issue of SROs in elementary schools, even if it is one SRO per three or four elementary schools. This would improve security and allow for the elementary schools to have a resource to call on instead of always relying on middle and high school SROs and taking them away from their respective schools. 24. Support Center for Safer Schools (CSS). Require that CSS, DPS, DOJ, and DHHS collaborate on school safety issues so that all relevant state agencies work together to make North Carolina schools safer. 25. Develop NC specific resources for safer schools: Threat Assessment guide. 26. Use state resources to identify and provide threat assessment teams with a universal and effective mental health screening tool, which would evaluate students on an individual basis and allow the school to take personalized preventive action. 27. Review the upcoming report (January 2019) regarding the Parkland, FL, shooting and assess where gaps exist in the State’s school safety efforts in order to develop a plan to address the gaps. 28. Support legislation identifying gaps in the Juvenile Justice Reinvestment Act. Monitor and lobby for full funding of the act as established in existing fiscal notes. Adequate mental health counseling and other effective programs (such as psychological and assessment centers) for at risk youth must be fully funded if the threat assessment and school law enforcement partnerships are to be effective. 29. Support by legislation/administrative rule changes expanding existing tools and new tools assisting schools in dealing with disruption not arising to the level of criminal conduct (including sanctions for neglectful parents). 30. Support legislation on impersonating a teacher, school staff member, or principal over electronic means or computer. Committee members have had a few cases of someone sending e-mails to others as if they were coming from a teacher in hopes of disrupting the school setting and/or causing undue harm to their intended victim. In each of the incidents there was no statute to support an investigation or criminal charges. 31. Provide some model policies for conducting searches for weapons and drugs. 32. Expand programs that emphasize character education as part of school violence prevention efforts (Many such programs exist). 33. Create a safe school certification program. In 2013, Texas created a school safety certification program. The Texas School Safety Center awards certificates to schools that meet certain safety requirements outlined by the Center. Some of the requirements include creating emergency plans and holding emergency drills. This might be a way to encourage compliance with certain provisions without passing a host of new state laws. (NOTE: North Carolina had a similar program in place when Critical Incident Response Training was emphasized in the early 2000s.) viii Introduction Prompted by the violent shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, on February 14, 2018, as well as other school shootings across the United States, North Carolina Department of Public Safety Secretary Erik A. Hooks requested that the North Carolina Governor’s Crime Commission establish the Special Committee on School Shootings (SCSS). The SCSS was announced on April 19, 2018. Members named to the SCSS included law enforcement, school, juvenile justice, court, state agency, and youth serving professionals. In announcing the SCSS, Secretary Hooks noted that “School shootings have tragically become too common an occurrence in our country. We must use every resource available to us to examine and address this dangerous threat posed to our children and our educational professionals. I have made this a continuing priority for our department and have asked the members of this special committee to help us find solutions to the threat of shootings in schools.” With this charge in mind, the SCSS presents the following report. It offers information about its guiding principles and themes as well its recommendations and possible action items that serve as part of the many solutions that need to be considered and implemented. Prior to this information, background and a description of the SCSS’s meetings and public forums will be presented. 1 Background North Carolina has been a leader in school safety efforts for decades. It was one of the first states to see School Resource Officer (SRO) programs develop and established one of the first state school safety centers in the 1990s. Legislation has been passed through the years to keep up with changing needs as schools, law enforcement, and first responders as well as communities at large have worked to keep schools safe and make them safer. The shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, in 2012, refocused efforts in North Carolina and led to the re-establishment of the state school safety center as well as additional legislation. SRO programs, which had steadily increased through the years, now were looked to as possibly being needed in elementary schools given the nature of the Sandy Hook incident. North Carolina as well as other states again found themselves in the position of responding with statewide actions to school shootings in 2018. Several efforts emerged as a result of these shootings. The North Carolina General Assembly established the House Select Committee on School Safety, and the North Carolina State Emergency Response Commission put in place a School Safety Committee. Similarly, the Governor’s Crime Commission established the Special Committee on School Shootings. With all these concurrent efforts, the co-chairs of the SCSS, Gaston County Sheriff Alan Cloninger and Wake County Sheriff Donnie Harrison, were committed to the charge given by Secretary Hooks. The focus of the SCSS, per the co-chairs, was to be on school shootings with an emphasis on law enforcement’s role in making schools safer. Essential to the success of law enforcement in this role, the co-chairs noted, was collaborating with all stakeholders. This 2 emphasis aligned with Secretary Hooks’ goal of ensuring that any recommended solutions would be reflective of a “whole-of-community” and “whole-of-government” approach. Additionally, the co-chairs were interested in making sure consistency, uniformity, standardization, and common sense were used as drivers of the SCSS’s decisions. Articulating the need for consistent understanding and terminology, uniformity in actions, and standardization via training and legislation when appropriate were noted as particularly important in defining and describing how law enforcement needs to perform in its school safety efforts. Noting that “common sense isn’t so common,” the co-chairs were determined to use the reality check of common sense throughout the SCSS’s work. SCSS Meetings and Public Forums April 23, 2018 SCSS Meeting The work of the SCSS began with its first meeting April 23, 2018, at the Governor’s Crime Commission in Raleigh, North Carolina. Subsequent meetings were held at the GCC on: June 19, 2018; July 19, 2018; August 23, 2018; and October 18, 2018. Additionally, two public forums were held on November 20, 2018, in Greenville, North Carolina, and November 29, 2018, in Greensboro, North Carolina. All the meetings were well attended, and the public forums were standing room only events. Both types of gatherings attracted attendees including students, parents, youth serving professionals, schools and school systems, law enforcement, state agencies, and media. The first meeting in April was organizational and communicated “the purpose of the special committee [to be] for law enforcement response teams to identify best practices / 3 tactics and training that will be beneficial in protecting our children, teachers, and schools from all types of violence” (Meeting Minutes, April 23, 2018). Representatives from the North Carolina Justice Academy presented information regarding SRO training. A presentation focus was active shooter training with emphasis on single officer responders when active shootings take place. The need for collaboration between law enforcement and school personnel was highlighted with the suggestion that it be focused upon by the SCSS. In particular, information sharing and challenges surrounding it were discussed, and The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) was pointed to as needing explanation at future meetings. Importantly, the first meeting prompted discussion and decisions about how the SCSS should conduct business. Agreement was reached that five themes would serve as “guardrails” for meeting discussions and would keep the SCSS aligned with its charge. The five themes identified were: training; physical security; threat intelligence / assessment; school - law enforcement partnerships; and possible statutory changes. June 19, 2018 SCSS Meeting The June meeting began with a presentation from North Carolina’s Center for Safer Schools. In addition to a historical review, Center Executive Director Kym Martin discussed the SpeakUp application which is designed to handle tips about threats to school safety. The app received funding from the General Assembly and will be available in the future. Allison Schaffer, an attorney from the North Carolina School Boards Association, presented information about “FERPA and Information Sharing with Law Enforcement.” A great deal of discussion was generated from her presentation with follow-up steps and an invitation to 4 return to a future SCSS meeting offered. North Carolina State Representative John Torbett, Cochair of the House Select Committee on School Safety, reviewed legislation that was considered and passed during the completed short session of the General Assembly. In addition to followup regarding information sharing, a desire to discuss memoranda of understanding (MOUs) between law enforcement and school personnel was stated. Schaffer indicated a willingness to address the topic at a future SCSS meeting. July 19, 2018 SCSS Meeting The July SCSS meeting offered a presentation by students from Panther Creek High School. The students discussed the use of artificial intelligence, facial recognition, and lockdown technologies and shared some of their experiences as students. A return to the discussion of FERPA and MOUs with Schaffer and a panel of representatives from CharlotteMecklenburg, Davie, and Orange County Public Schools prompted agreement that uniform, standardized training for all parties on FERPA, including its exceptions and the penalties for potential violations, and model MOUs that specify role definitions for SROs and school personnel would be worth further attention and recommendation. Schaffer agreed to again return to the SCSS with a follow-up report on actions regarding FERPA training. With the General Assembly’s actions finalized, a review of the status of all the school safety legislation was conducted. And, finally, a review of the SCSS’s themes prompted a request for a focus on threat assessments and a return to the topic of SRO training at the next meeting. 5 August 23, 2018 SCSS Meeting The August meeting began with a threat assessment presentation led by Dirk German, Assistant Director of the State Bureau of Investigation Standards Division. A threat assessment project currently being pursued by the SBI was briefly discussed and identified as one that will lead the nation. A panel comprised of representatives from Criminal Justice Standards, Sheriffs’ Standards Division, the North Carolina Justice Academy, and the Center for Safer Schools discussed details about and progress regarding SRO training. The North Carolina School Boards Association returned with a recommendation for training, a one-page information sheet entitled “FERPA Summary: Releasing Student Information to Law Enforcement,” and example MOUs for law enforcement and school personnel. A review of legislation and other school safety actions being undertaken in other states was presented. The SCSS set a September meeting date for follow up regarding implementation of threat assessment teams, extreme risk protection orders, juvenile justice and the “Raise the Age” initiative and related “School Justice Partnerships,” and updates by several stakeholder representatives. Because of Hurricane Florence’s impact on North Carolina, this agenda was moved to October, 18, 2018. October 18, 2018 SCSS Meeting Given the amount of information to cover because of the missed September meeting, the October SCSS meeting time was extended. All the topics originally set for the September meeting were covered. The implementation of threat assessment teams at the school building and system levels offered further details to SCSS members about how to make these teams successful. A presentation by Dr. Jeffrey Swanson from Duke University on extreme risk protective orders prompted discussion about gun safety and how “red flag” laws have been 6 recently passed in other states. The discussion of juvenile justice issues turned lively as not all SCSS members support current “School - Justice Partnership” requirements which are part of the Juvenile Justice Reinvestment Act / Raise the Age initiative. Representatives from the North Carolina Association of Chiefs of Police, North Carolina Sheriffs’ Association, and State Emergency Response Commission’s School Safety Committee offered updates. And a review of plans for this report, including a review of Guiding Principles for the SCSS, as well as the November public forums took place. The SCSS Public Forums The forums were designed to hear from people across North Carolina. Because of limited time, two locations, one in the east and one in the Piedmont, were selected. Forum attendees included students, teachers, counselors, mental health professionals, parents, grandparents, school administrators, school board members, law enforcement personnel, juvenile justice professionals, youth serving community members, clergy members, and elected officials. After reviewing its work to date, the Special Committee asked for input focused on its five thematic areas: training; physical security; threat intelligence/assessment; school – law enforcement partnerships; and possible statute changes. Comments on other topics were also welcomed. Input of note from the Greenville forum included articulation of the need for multidisciplinary threat assessment teams and the need for more School Resource Officers, mental health professionals, and guidance counselors. Clearer communication with parents when incidents happen was requested. Attendees spoke both for and against the arming of 7 teachers. Making sure that each school in the state has the same ability to provide safety was voiced with one attendee noting “that all schools need to be on the same playing field.” With reference to information sharing as well as general school safety, one attendee said the state needs to move from “I can’t” to “I can.” Several attendees voiced that funding is the key and that there needs to be active follow up by the Special Committee and forum attendees to advocate for the Special Committee’s recommendations. Two students from Pitt County Youth for Justice and Change shared their interest in maintaining calm in their school and in making sure that SROs operate in schools in ways that “add to the calm and aren’t intrusive” and that the SROs learn to communicate effectively with students. Another student described the many lockdown drills she has experienced since elementary school and expressed concern about peers who may present more danger than intruders. The Greensboro forum reiterated the need for more SROs and mental health professionals. Mentorship was mentioned as was the need for community ownership of the school safety issue. As in Greenville, funding was emphasized as a priority and coupled with the stipulation that there be no unfunded mandates from the state. Also as in Greenville, attendees spoke both for and against the arming of teachers. Additional comments about guns included the elimination of gun-free zones and the passage of “red flag” laws. Social and cultural issues were linked to school safety and the need for cultural training for SROs and others was articulated. Avenues to anonymously report concerns and threats were discussed (they were in Greenville as well). A free anonymous app from Sandy Hook Promise was mentioned and information was provided to the Special Committee about it. Making sure 8 programs, including SRO programs, are evaluated was recommended to ensure that “what’s working” is implemented. Concern about students with disabilities and making sure their rights are protected and they are included in school safety planning were articulated. Trauma sensitive training was described by a behavior support specialist as a type of training that should be considered for SROs and others working with youth. Students at this forum spoke to the impact of race as a defining issue in their schools and of the need for diversity in their schools. They mentioned that classrooms need to be welcoming. One student said, “that the fear of gun violence in schools is very real” and that all kinds of gun violence, not only mass shootings but “the everyday gun on campus,” need to be addressed. Another student mentioned that sometimes SROs create more fear in schools by being in them. And another student questioned whether an anonymous app would work as she didn’t know if she would use it. She also said that students at her school voiced their safety concerns but that they were “shut down” and not listened to by school administration. After completion of the public forums, the SCSS worked quickly to develop recommendations and possible action items to present to the Governor’s Crime Commission on December 6, 2018. Because it had focused upon its five themes, the SCSS had a framework from which to organize its decisions. It also had its Guiding Principles to reference as it worked through final steps. 9 Guiding Principles The Guiding Principles were presented at the SCSS October meeting and were used at the public forums to describe the foundational thinking of the SCSS. Intentionally, the SCSS structured these using words that begin with the letter “I” to make the point, as the first principle states, that school safety begins with each individual having responsibility for school safety. The following are the Guiding Principles: • “I” (meaning everyone, including law enforcement and school personnel, students and parents) have responsibility for keeping schools safe • Input from everyone is needed as putting together different perspectives enhances understanding • Integrity in conduct and practices is valued and practiced • Involvement in multiple approaches is essential as the “causes” of school violence are multiple in nature • Integrated approaches are best…ones that are based in cooperation and collaboration • Information sharing is critical and providing methods for information sharing is key to effective communication • Improvement in current practices as well as Innovative new practices should be supported when evidence of effectiveness is provided • Investigative approaches are valuable in preventing school violence • Intentional efforts help with preventing school violence, and preventing school violence is the best way to make schools safer 10 These Guiding Principles are reflective of the increasing amount of school safety research which attempts to identify approaches that are effective. A list of the research reviewed by the SCSS is part of the supporting documentation for this report. The SCSS Guiding Principles link to this research which highlights that there is no one “solution” to making and keeping schools safe/safer. Efforts on the parts of all involved, from those who are in the schools every day to those who are members of the communities in which these schools are located, need to be pursued. Such efforts should involve multidisciplinary expertise and perspectives and should be grounded in cooperation and collaboration. Information and the sharing of information are essential components of these efforts. Process improvement and new ideas as well as maximizing the expertise of those who are involved are valuable aspects of preventing school violence. Perhaps most importantly, being intentional about school safety, prioritizing it and making it part of the daily operations of schools is key. The SCSS recognizes that most schools are safe schools and that this is the case because most schools are pursuing safe school efforts. While there is no 100% guarantee of school safety, being intentional about it and putting into place efforts that target “causes” with resources to support the efforts will keep most schools in the safe category and put others into it. With that kind of thinking, the SCSS developed recommendations and possible action items for consideration for North Carolina. Recommendations The recommendations of the SCSS are structured using themes identified by the SCSS in its work: 11 • training • physical security • threat intelligence / assessment • school - law enforcement partnerships • possible statute changes / additions • other recommendations The “other recommendations” category reflects SCSS members’ input near the end of its work and was not vetted through the full SCSS review process. All the recommendations, including the “other” category, were presented to the Governor’s Crime Commission on December 6, 2018. The SCSS developed a goal for each of its substantive categories: • training: ensure SROs are adequately trained to serve as resources for their schools. • physical security: integrate security practices, policies, special technologies, and building/code requirements into current practices to enhance security. • threat intelligence / assessment: enhance prevention strategies by focusing on early stage threat identification, assessment, and response. • school - law enforcement partnerships: improve communication and coordinate efforts in line with their identified roles and responsibilities. • possible statutory changes / additions: address gaps in proposed / current statutes and make recommendations to eliminate gaps and improve proposed / current statutes. These goals evolved through the SCSS work processes. 12 Training The training category of recommendations began with a focus on SROs given the SCSS’s initial interest in the role of law enforcement in school safety. The goal ultimately evolved into: “ensuring that SROs are adequately trained to serve as resources for their schools.” While five of the six recommendations in this category mention SROs specifically, the SCSS recognizes that improving and increasing training, particularly with regards to information sharing and FERPA, for all involved stakeholders needs to occur. Training for incident response for anyone who may be present when an incident occurs is also recommended. Other areas focused upon with these recommendations include increased mental health training for SROs and developing a best practices model for delineating the differences between law violations and school policy violations so that both SROs and school personnel understand their roles and responsibilities. 13 TRAINING RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Support Training & Standards changes in School Resource Officer (SRO) training and recommend that qualified personnel be able to train SROs with the NC Justice Academy (NCJA) course at community colleges and other venues as long as qualified trainers and approved materials are used. (NOTE: Qualified trainers are those recognized by the NCJA and meet standards that reflect being certified instructors, completion of SRO training, and completion of train-the-trainer training.) 2. Enhance mental health training for SROs, including but not limited to community specific Crisis Intervention Training. 3. Enhance SRO training with Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) training as described by the NC School Boards Association (NCSBA). Recommend that NCSBA work with the NC Justice Academy to develop strategy for this so that it is taught as part of SRO training. NOTE: Generating awareness and understanding of Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in SRO training should also take place per Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) input. 4. Engage professionals from various disciplines (law, education, social work, mental health) to develop a best practices model for distinguishing the difference between bad behavior and criminal conduct. Include results as a part of SRO training and training of educators. 5. Endorse law enforcement training that reflects best practices and prepares law enforcement for immediate “no waiting” active shooter response. This includes single responder to active shooter incident. 6. Train SROs to be able to teach the schools to which they are assigned how to respond (run, hide fight) to an active shooter crisis and strategies to implement as the initial responders to help mitigate casualties. Physical Security The three physical security recommendations began with a goal that was defined only in terms of securing school buildings and grounds / campuses. Work by the SCSS broadened the goal to: “integrating security practices, policies, special technologies, and building/code requirements into current practices to enhance security.” The SCSS’s thinking with the three recommendations in this category is that physical security involves managing the physical setting via practices, policies, and technologies applied in those settings. Such management should be grounded in vulnerability or needs assessments and should apply Crime Prevention 14 Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles. SCSS members voiced concern that many schools in North Carolina are old and need renovations and retrofitting for security. Members grappled with how to approach this via building code requirements and inspections. Recommendation #8 reflects their attempt to address this. A third recommendation included in this category attempts to address concerns about current practices with active shooter drills. Involving all possible responders in the planning and practice of such drills at the local level is seen as critically important and something that is not currently being done everywhere in the state. Additionally, the monitoring and reporting of such drills falls short based upon the experience of SCSS members. PHYSICAL SECURITY RECOMMENDATIONS 7. Require vulnerability assessments to be done. Such needs assessments should consider the placement and use of equipment such as metal detectors, alarm systems, hardened entrances, visible signage, and cameras / video surveillance. (NOTE: metal detectors should NOT be manned by SROs. Camera placement should be considered in all parts of a school, including classrooms.) Such assessments should also note single access policies and controls that are in place at each school. 8. Employ Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and its four principles (natural surveillance; natural access control; territorial reinforcement; and maintenance) to “harden” schools that are being built or renovated. Consider the development of code specifications that recognize “security certification” of schools. Review and designation of such certification shall be done by third parties. 9. Enhance active shooter drills and require that local schools, law enforcement agencies, and emergency responders work together on such drills. Local authorities (local schools, law enforcement agencies, and emergency responders) shall together determine whether and to what extent students participate. These same authorities shall decide together what drill approach to practice which, at a minimum, shall be a table top exercise with walk throughs, partial drills, or full drills considered and full drills the preferred approach. Note also that having more than one drill per year is recommended in order to prepare for possible incidents. A monitoring and reporting process to document these drills needs to be established. 15 Threat Intelligence / Assessment The five threat intelligence / assessment recommendations used unpassed legislation from the recent session of the General Assembly as a starting point. The SCSS’s goal for this category evolved into: “enhancing prevention strategies by focusing on early stage threat identification, assessment, and response.” Per the SCSS, school-level Threat Assessment Teams (TATs) need to be established, and they need to have multidisciplinary expertise, including SROs or law enforcement officers if no SROs are assigned to the involved school. Additionally, the SCSS recommends that the state-resourced tip line application or other tip lines / reporting systems should be implemented. Input at the public forums made an impression on SCSS members in that it stressed the immediate need in this area with resources already available for implementation that should be considered. Recognizing that threats exist on a continuum with early warning signs often occurring before threats are made, the SCSS voiced support for awareness training about these warning signs for all involved stakeholders, including parents and students. Bullying as a warning sign / threat behavior was noted by SCSS members as needing emphasis given the role it appears to have played in past violent school situations. Making sure student voices are heard when developing school safety policies is reflected in recommendation #13. The most impactful voices heard by the SCSS were from the students who presented to the SCSS and who spoke at the public forums. Each one demonstrated a commitment to school safety and communicated that schools today are very different from those SCSS members attended in terms of the perception and feeling of safety. 16 Finally, the SCSS recommends support for the SBI’s BeTA (Behavioral Threat Assessment) Unit as a means to address school safety as it creates the capacity to potentially prevent incidents from happening. Additionally, linking the SBI into threat intelligence from reporting systems that operate in schools is noted in recommendation #11. THREAT INTELLEIGENCE / ASSESSMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 10. Support individual school multidisciplinary Threat Assessment Teams (TATs) which should include certified personnel. If no law enforcement (SRO) is assigned to the school, non-school-based law enforcement should be included on the TAT. TATs shall be set up to meet at regular (suggested weekly) intervals in order to share information and generate awareness as to possible threats. Encourage connecting to treatment and ensuring involvement with behavioral health providers for TATs. 11. Support Statewide Tip Line Application or tip lines / apps established through local cooperation. Any threats received through such tip lines /apps or other reporting media shall be immediately shared with the appropriate responding local law enforcement agency(cies). Consider how these reporting media can link to the SBI. Establish an education campaign about the tip lines / apps so that the entire school community is aware of and can access them to report concerns. NOTE: The Say Something Anonymous Reporting System (SS-ARS) from Sandy Hook Promise is available now and public forum participants strongly suggested that it be researched as an immediate option for reporting. Materials are being provided to the Special Committee. 12. Address mental health needs through a continuum approach from early warning signs to mental health services and require that school, law enforcement, students, and parents / families be made aware of the continuum. Emphasize the importance of reporting early warning signs to the TATs which, by definition, will ensure that law enforcement is made aware early when concerns arise. Emphasize how bullying is a warning sign and require that it must be addressed through school policy and discipline. 13. Include students in school safety conversations, planning, and training designing the involvement according to age/grade appropriateness. Important to note that certain types of tactical information shall not be shared or made public. 14. Support the SBI’s BeTA (Behavioral Threat Assessment) Unit as a means to preventing and reducing school violence. 17 School - Law Enforcement Partnerships The goal of the school – law enforcement partnership recommendations involves “improving communication and coordinating efforts in line with [school and law enforcement] identified roles and responsibilities.” Two of the five recommendations again highlight information sharing and FERPA as this was a major focus of the SCSS’s work. The importance of up-to-date MOUs between school personnel and law enforcement for SRO programs is emphasized in recommendation #17. Using the Juvenile Justice Reinvestment Act’s reference to “School – Justice Partnerships” as a starting point, the SCSS agreed to recommend support for dialog among stakeholders in each jurisdiction to partner and cooperate on actions designed to address the “school – to – prison pipeline.” This agreement came after significant discussion with consensus reached that much needs to be done in this area and that local conversations are the best way to undertake such actions. Finally, the SCSS recommends improvement in the area of school violence data collection and reporting. First collected in the 1990s, making sure that current practice reflects consistent definitions and that the data is shared and can be used in future school safety efforts is desired. SCHOOL – LAW ENFORCEMENT PARTNERSHIPS RECOMMENDATIONS 15. Support FERPA training for all school and law enforcement personnel per suggestions offered by the NC School Boards Association. Include a component of parental / family awareness regarding FERPA and its exceptions. 16. Identify opportunities to expand information sharing within the interpretation of FERPA and HIPAA guidelines to allow sharing of critical information with agencies that have jurisdiction over programs that can be beneficial to our children. These can include, but 18 are not limited to, the improved sharing of information and data from school to school and the court system to the schools. 17. Recommend that SRO programs operate with current signed memoranda of understanding (MOUs) that are based on model MOUs. Such MOUs should delineate the roles and responsibilities of school personnel and SROs as they work together. They should specify to the extent possible the fine line that separates school discipline from statutes enforcement and who has responsibility for each in school settings. And they should address all SRO equipment needs especially given that continuing challenges with communications equipment in schools throughout the State exist and need to be addressed through funding, training, and school building renovations. 18. Recommend that each jurisdiction convene stakeholders for dialog about how to partner and cooperate to address the “school-to-prison pipeline.” 19. Improve school violence incident data collection and data sharing so that education and law enforcement officials at the state level have a consistent set of definitions and data to use as they work together on future safe school efforts. Explore incorporating “averted school violence incident” data into reporting to identify prevention strategies that work in North Carolina. Possible Statutory Changes / Additions The SCSS reviewed actions in other states as well as past actions in North Carolina to, per its stated goal, “address gaps in proposed / current statutes and make recommendations to eliminate gaps and improve proposed / current statutes.” After decades of funding SROs via grants, recommendation #20 is designed to generate discussion about permanent funding for SRO positions in every school in the state. Waiting for a violent event at a North Carolina school to prompt such thinking is not being intentional about prevention, so this recommendation reflects a desire to be proactive and preventive rather than reactionary. Thinking around this recommendation includes that North Carolina would develop a strategic plan to undertake this recommendation given it cannot be done quickly. If permanent funding for an SRO position for every school is not deemed viable, a push to assign an SRO to each elementary school is recommended in the “Other Recommendations” category. 19 With regard to recent unpassed legislation, the SCSS supports vulnerability assessments, improved school violence data, and Threat Assessment Teams (TATs) in recommendation #21. The SCSS also supports extreme risk protective orders (ERPO) / gun violence protective orders (GVPO) and recommends that work be done with law enforcement and relevant constituencies to develop a version of this that is passable in North Carolina. The SCSS did not discuss other gun-related legislative proposals that did not become law. As noted earlier, the arming of teachers was brought up at both public forums with both support and opposition voiced. Similarly, the GCC meeting in December, at which the SCSS recommendations were considered, served as a platform for such a discussion with no recommendation agreed upon. Finally, the SCSS recommends that the Governor’s proposal regarding increased funding for youth mental health professionals, including training, be supported. The mental health needs of students and the lack of services in schools to meet these needs became obvious to the SCSS as it studied school safety research. POSSIBLE STATUTORY CHANGES / ADDITIONS RECOMMENDATIONS 20. Consider new legislation: Recommend full funding for an SRO position with equipment to be assigned to each school in North Carolina. NOTE: See alternative recommendation in “OTHER” section. NOTE: There is recognition that SROs need to be part of multifaceted approaches to making schools safer and that evaluations of SRO programs need to be conducted. 20 21. Support unpassed* Safe Schools Legislation: Vulnerability Assessments Threat Assessment Teams (The proposed legislation may require some clarification regarding the type of information which may be shared under subsections in the previously proposed legislation. For example, other than criminal history and health, juvenile court files may contain other information putting a child at risk which may not be available to school officials (unhealthy associations, gang affiliations etc.)) Data / incident reporting (work to strengthen this) Extreme Risk Protective Order / Gun Violence Protective Order legislation (Work with law enforcement and relevant constituencies to develop a version of Extreme Risk Protective Order legislation with a chance of passage in NC.) *NOTE: Not all unpassed legislation was considered by the Special Committee given its limited time to conduct business. Several of these pieces of unpassed legislation were mentioned at public forums (e.g., arming teachers). 22. From the Governor’s 2018-2019 budget: Support Youth Mental Health: Adds $55 million for mental health personnel and training, including $40 million for local school districts to hire more nurses, counselors, psychologists, and social workers who directly support student mental health, and $15 million for innovative, evidence-based programs including training to help teachers, school staff, and mental health professionals identify and respond to student mental health challenges. Other Recommendations Given that the SCSS had to reduce its number of meetings due to Hurricane Florence, not all recommendation ideas were vetted through committee meetings, the co-chairs, and then back to SCSS members; however, the following “Other Recommendations” were reviewed by all SCSS members and presented to the GCC in December in its package of recommendations. 21 OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS 23. If not willing to pursue an SRO in every school, recommend the state push the issue of SROs in elementary schools, even if it is one SRO per three or four elementary schools. This would improve security and allow for the elementary schools to have a resource to call on instead of always relying on middle and high school SROs and taking them away from their respective schools. 24. Support Center for Safer Schools (CSS). Require that CSS, DPS, DOJ, and DHHS collaborate on school safety issues so that all relevant state agencies work together to make North Carolina schools safer. 25. Develop NC specific resources for safer schools: Threat Assessment guide. 26. Use state resources to identify and provide threat assessment teams with a universal and effective mental health screening tool, which would evaluate students on an individual basis and allow the school to take personalized preventive action. 27. Review the upcoming report (January 2019) regarding the Parkland, FL, shooting and assess where gaps exist in the State’s school safety efforts in order to develop a plan to address the gaps. 28. Support legislation identifying gaps in the Juvenile Justice Reinvestment Act. Monitor and lobby for full funding of the act as established in existing fiscal notes. Adequate mental health counseling and other effective programs (such as psychological and assessment centers) for at risk youth must be fully funded if the threat assessment and school - law enforcement partnerships are to be effective. 29. Support by legislation/administrative rule changes expanding existing tools and new tools assisting schools in dealing with disruption not arising to the level of criminal conduct (including sanctions for neglectful parents). 30. Support legislation on impersonating a teacher, school staff member, or principal over electronic means or computer. Committee members have had a few cases of someone sending e-mails to others as if they were coming from a teacher in hopes of disrupting the school setting and/or causing undue harm to their intended victim. In each of the incidents there was no statute to support an investigation or criminal charges. 31. Provide some model policies for conducting searches for weapons and drugs. 32. Expand programs that emphasize character education as part of school violence prevention efforts (Many such programs exist). 33. Create a safe school certification program. In 2013, Texas created a school safety certification program. The Texas School Safety Center awards certificates to schools that meet certain safety requirements outlined by the Center. Some of the requirements include creating emergency plans and holding emergency drills. This might be a way to encourage compliance with certain provisions without passing a host of new state laws. (NOTE: North Carolina had a similar program in place when Critical Incident Response Training was emphasized in the early 2000s.) 22 Possible Action Items Starting with further review of the list of “Other Recommendations,” the SCSS suggests there are actions included in this report that may be able to be taken without additional statutes or funding. Vetting the recommendations to determine which ones may be pursued immediately as action items is a logical next step and is in line with past school safety task force efforts. The 1999 Governor’s Task Force on Youth Violence and School Safety Final Report, for example, had a list of action items in addition to recommendations that various stakeholders in the state were able to pursue with success. Given the number of efforts being undertaken to make North Carolina schools safer, taking the step of pulling them together and forging a strategic plan for school safety in North Carolina is also a logical next step. How this report fits with the work of the General Assembly’s House Select Committee on School Safety, the State Emergency Response Commission, and the many stakeholders who work daily to make schools the best they can be will maximize the value and help sustain the SCSS’s effort. One of the messages heard loud and clear at the public forums was to not just produce a report; the public urged that the SCSS move to the “we can” position and advocate and act on what this report offers. 23 Supporting Documentation Governor’s Crime Commission Special Committee on School Shootings Members Patrice Andrews, Chief of Police, Morrisville BJ Barnes, Sheriff, Guilford County Michael Becketts, Assistant Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services Charles Blackwood, Sheriff, Orange County Alan Cloninger, Sheriff, Gaston County Ernie Coleman, Sheriff, Beaufort County Mitch Colvin, Mayor, Fayetteville Dave Elliot, Deputy Chief of Staff/Special Deputy Attorney General, Department of Justice Robert Evans, District Attorney, Wilson/Nash/Edgecombe Counties Donnie Harrison, Sheriff, Wake County Jennifer Knox, Clerk of Court, Wake County William Lassiter, Deputy Secretary – Juvenile Justice, Department of Public Safety Ben Matthews, Chief of Operations Officer, Department of Public Instruction Bob Schurmeier, Director, State Bureau of Investigation Bruce Stanley, President/CEO, Methodist Home for Children Chris Suggs, Student Marion Warren, Director, Administrative Office of the Courts Michael Yaniero, Chief of Police, Jacksonville 24 Supporting Documentation SCSS Meeting Agendas 25 North Carolina Department of Public Safety Governor’s Crime Commission Roy Cooper, Governor Erik A. Hooks, Secretary Robert Evans, Chairman Caroline C. Valand, Executive Director Special Committee on School Shootings 1201 Front Street Raleigh, NC 27609 Monday, April 23, 2018 1:00 p.m. Call to Order & Welcome Co-Chair Alan Cloninger Co-Chair Donnie Harrison 1:15 p.m. Remarks DPS Secretary Eric A. Hooks 1:30 p.m. Active Shooter: Challenges in our Society Floyd Yoder NC Justice Academy 2:00 p.m. SRO Training Overview Trevor Allen, Director NC Justice Academy 2:15 p.m. Q&A 3:00 p.m. Definition of Scope of Special Committee Co-Chair Alan Cloninger 3:30 p.m. Timeline of Committee Work Co-Chair Donnie Harrison 4:00 p.m. Adjourn 26 North Carolina Department of Public Safety North Carolina Department of Public Safety Governor’s Crime Commission Governor’s Crime Commission Roy Cooper, Governor Erik A. Hooks, Secretary Roy Cooper, Governor Erik A. Hooks, Secretary Robert Evans, Chairman Caroline C. Valand, Executive Director Robert Evans, Chairman Caroline C. Valand, Executive Director Special Committee on School Shootings 1201 Front Street Raleigh, NC 27609 Tuesday, June 19, 2018 1:00 p.m. Call to Order & Welcome Approval of Minutes Co-Chair Alan Cloninger Co-Chair Donnie Harrison 1:15 p.m. Center for Safer Schools History & SPK UP app Kym Martin, Executive Director Center for Safer Schools 2:00 p.m. Privacy in Schools: FERPA & Information Sharing with Law Enforcement Allison Schaffer, Attorney NC School Boards Association 2:45 p.m. BREAK 3:00 p.m. School Safety Legislative Action 3:45 p.m. Old Business/New Business 4:00 p.m. Adjourn 27 Representative John Torbett Co-Chair House Select Committee on School Safety North Carolina Department of Public Safety Governor’s Crime Commission Roy Cooper, Governor Erik A. Hooks, Secretary Robert Evans, Chairman Caroline C. Valand, Executive Director Special Committee on School Shootings 1201 Front Street Raleigh, NC 27609 Thursday, July 19, 2018 1:00 p.m. Call to Order & Welcome Approval of Minutes Co-Chair Alan Cloninger Co-Chair Donnie Harrison 1:15 p.m. Triguardian Technologies Maithili Acharya Ishan Sharma Sadhana Srinivasan Srisheel Gunnisetti Ananyaa Sundar 2:00 p.m. FERPA and MOUs Allison Schafer, Attorney NC School Boards Association Panel* 2:45 p.m. BREAK 3:00 p.m. FERPA and MOUs (continued) 3:45 p.m. Old Business / New Business 3:55 p.m. Adjourn Allison Schafer, Attorney NC School Boards Association Panel* Joanne McDaniel Committee Consultant *The panel will include: George Battle, General Counsel, Charlotte-Mecklenburg Public Schools; Ken Soo, attorney, Tharrington Smith law firm; Darren Hartness, Superintendent, Davie County Public Schools; and Todd Wirt, Superintendent, Orange County Public Schools. 28 North Carolina Department of Public Safety Governor’s Crime Commission Roy Cooper, Governor Erik A. Hooks, Secretary Robert Evans, Chairman Caroline C. Valand, Executive Director Special Committee on School Shootings 1201 Front Street Raleigh, NC 27609 Thursday, August 23, 2018 1:00 p.m. Call to Order & Welcome Approval of Minutes Co-Chair Alan Cloninger Co-Chair Donnie Harrison 1:15 p.m. Threat Assessment Dirk German Assistant Director SBI Professional Standards Division Elliot Smith SBI Special Agent in Charge Jody Marks SBI Senior Analyst 2:00 p.m. School Resource Officers: Panel Steven Combs Director Criminal Justice Standards Division Diane Konopka Director Sheriffs’ Standards Division Trevor Allen Director NC Justice Academy Kym Martin Executive Director Center for Safer Schools Mike Anderson Community Development & Training Manager Center for Safer Schools 29 2:45 p.m. Break 3:00 p.m. School Resource Officers: Continued Panel and Committee 3:30 p.m. Old Business / New Business Joanne McDaniel Committee Consultant 4:00 p.m. Adjourn 30 North Carolina Department of Public Safety Governor’s Crime Commission Roy Cooper, Governor Erik A. Hooks, Secretary Robert Evans, Chairman Caroline C. Valand, Executive Director Special Committee on School Shootings 1201 Front Street Raleigh, NC 27609 Thursday, October 18, 2018 11:00 a.m. Call to Order & Welcome Approval of Minutes Co-Chair Alan Cloninger Co-Chair Donnie Harrison 11:15 a.m. Committee Report Joanne McDaniel Committee Consultant 11:30 a.m. Threat Assessment Teams Stephanie Ellis Executive Director of Exceptional Children and Mental Health Programs Rockingham County Schools 12:00 p.m. Working Lunch 12:45 p.m. Extreme Risk Protective Orders Dr. Jeffrey Swanson Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University 1:45 p.m. Raise the Age Update and School-Justice Partnerships William Lassiter Deputy Secretary, Juvenile Justice 2:45 p.m. Break 3:00 p.m. NC Association of Chiefs of Police Daniel House, Chief Wrightsville Beach Police Dept. 1st Vice President, NCACP NC Sheriffs’ Association Executive Director and General Counsel 31 SERC School Safety Committee 3:45 p.m. New Business 4:00 p.m. Adjourn Mike Daniska Professional Standards, Policy & Planning Dept. of Public Safety Co-Chair Alan Cloninger Co-Chair Donnie Harrison 32 SCSS Public Forum Agendas North Carolina Department of Public Safety Governor's Crime Commission GCC Special Committee on School Shootings Greenville Convention Center, Greenville, NC PUBLIC FORUM Agenda 4:00 Welcome and Opening Remarks Co-chair Alan Cloninger Sheriff - Gaston County Co-chair Donnie Harrison Sheriff – Wake County 4:10 Introductions Committee Members 4:25 GCC Special Committee on School Shootings: Report Contents, Process, Guiding Principles Joanne McDaniel Special Committee Consultant 4:40 Public Input about School Safety 5:55 Adjourn 33 North Carolina Department of Public Safety Governor’s Crime Commission Roy Cooper, Governor Erik A. Hooks, Secretary Robert Evans, Chairman Caroline C. Valand, Executive Director North Carolina Department of Public Safety Governor's Crime Commission Special Committee on School Shootings Koury Convention Center, Greensboro, NC PUBLIC FORUM Agenda 4:00 Welcome and Remarks Caroline Valand, Executive Director Governor’s Crime Commission Robert Evans, Chair Governor’s Crime Commission District Attorney – Wilson, Nash, and Edgecombe Counties 4:10 GCC Special Committee on School Shootings Remarks Co-chair Alan Cloninger Sheriff, Gaston County Co-chair Donnie Harrison Sheriff, Wake County 4:15 GCC Special Committee Introductions Committee Members 4:25 GCC Special Committee Report Contents, Process, Guiding Principles Joanne McDaniel Special Committee Consultant 4:35 Public Comments 5:50 Adjourn 34 Resources Used By The SCSS Resources North Carolina School Resource Officer Survey A Guide to Developing, Maintaining, and Succeeding with Your School Resource Officer Program NASRO Basic 40-Hour School Resource Officer Course Outline and Objectives NASRO Advanced 24-Hour School Resource Officer Course Outline and Objectives NASRO Adolescent Mental Health Training for School Resource Officer Course Outline and Objectives School Resource Officers Can Prevent Tragedies, But Training is Key CPTED101: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design – Fundamentals for Schools Guide for Preventing and Responding to School Violence How To Design a School in the Era of Mass Shootings Schools Eye Facial Recognition Technology to Boost Security Years After Sept. 11, Critical Incidents Still Overload Emergency Radios NC School Buys Tech That Can Identify Where a Shooter Is and Sound the Alarm Some School Security Measures Make Kids Feel Less Safe Billions Are Being Spent to Protect Children from School Shootings. Does Any of It Work? FERPA for School Resource Officers & Law Enforcement Officials (Iowa) Your Top Ten FERPA Questions Asked and (Hopefully) Answered Fact Sheet: Comparison of FERPA and HIPAA Privacy Rule for Accessing Health Data 35 Resource Links http://www.ncpublicschools.org/docs/cfss/lawenforcement/2018-srosurvey.pdf https://popcenter.asu.edu/sites/default/files/Response s/school_police/PDFs/Finn_et_al_2005.pdf https://nasro.org/cms/wpcontent/uploads/2014/04/NASRO-Basic-CourseDescription-and-Outline.pdf https://nasro.org/cms/wpcontent/uploads/2014/04/NASRO-ADVANCED-SROCOURSE-CONTENT-OUTLINE-AND-OBJECTIVES.pdf https://nasro.org/cms/wpcontent/uploads/2014/04/AMHT-SRO-Course-Outlineand-Objectives.pdf https://theconversation.com/school-resource-officerscan-prevent-tragedies-but-training-is-key-93778 http://www.ncef.org/pubs/cpted101.pdf https://www.bja.gov/publications/iacp_school_violence .pdf https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/15/health/schooldesign-era-mass-shootings-trnd/index.html https://www.apnews.com/44c1e832981042feaddff48e e1d337fb https://www.npr.org/2018/03/12/591906701/18-yearsafter-sept-11-critical-incidents-still-overloademergency-radios https://www.newsobserver.com/news/local/education/ article215789140.html https://www.businessinsider.com/r-some-schoolsecurity-measures-make-kids-feel-less-safe-2018-9 https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2018/local/ school-shootings-and-campus-safetyindustry/?utm_term=.36517c8a2c47 https://www.educateiowa.gov/sites/files/ed/document s/FERPA%20for%20SROs%20FINAL%2002.24.16.pdf https://www.nsba.org/sites/default/files/reports/Top% 2010%20FERPA%20Questions%20Asked%20and%20Ans wered.pdf http://www.astho.org/programs/preparedness/publichealth-emergency-law/public-health-and-schoolstoolkit/comparison-of-ferpa-and-hipaa-privacy-rule/ Balancing Student Privacy, Campus Security, and Public Safety: Issues for Campus Leaders The Teacher’s Guide to Understanding FERPA: The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act Sharing Student Information with Police: Balancing Student Rights with School Safety Ensuring School Safety While Also Protecting Privacy EDC: Promote / Prevent: Information Sharing A Uniform State Memorandum of Agreement Between Education and Law Enforcement Officials (New Jersey) Fact Sheet: Memorandum of Understanding for School-Based Partnerships Improving Memoranda of Understanding for School Resource Officer Services School Resource Officer Memorandum of Understanding Example A Study of Pre-Attack Behaviors of Active Shooters in the United States Between 2001 and 2013 Threat Assessment in Schools: A Guide to Managing Threatening Situations and to Creating Safe School Climates Threat Assessment: An Approach to Prevent Targeted Violence Protective Intelligence & Threat Assessment Investigation: A Guide for State and Local Law Enforcement Officials Making Prevention a Reality: Identifying, Assessing, and Managing the Threat of Targeted Attacks Threat Assessment in Virginia Public Schools: Model Policies, Procedures, and Guidelines Prior Knowledge of Potential School-Based Violence (Information Students Learn May Prevent a Targeted Attack) Enhancing School Safety Using a Threat Assessment Model NC General Assembly House Select Committee on School Safety National Conference of State Legislatures: School Safety National Governors’ Association: School Safety and Prevention 36 http://www.aascu.org/uploadedFiles/AASCU/Content/R oot/PolicyAndAdvocacy/PolicyPublications/08_perspect ives(1).pdf https://www.fordham.edu/download/downloads/id/18 53/07b_-_teachers_guide_to_ferpa.pdf https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/events /state_local_government/2012/10/2012_fall_councilme eting/Daggett_Paper.authcheckdam.pdf https://ferpasherpa.org/schoolsafety1/ http://informationsharing.promoteprevent.org/ https://www.state.nj.us/education/schools/security/reg s/agree.pdf https://cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/2014_MOUFactSheet_v3_092513.pdf https://www.iasb.com/law/nsbaimprovingmouforsro20 14.pdf http://www.ncpolicywatch.com/wpcontent/uploads/2017/06/School-Resource-OfficerProgram-MOU-2017.Draft_.pdf https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/pre-attackbehaviors-of-active-shooters-in-us-2000-2013.pdf/view https://www2.ed.gov/admins/lead/safety/threatassess mentguide.pdf https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/threat.pdf https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/179981.pdf https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/making-preventiona-reality.pdf/view https://www.dcjs.virginia.gov/sites/dcjs.virginia.gov/file s/publications/law-enforcement/threat-assessmentmodel-policies-procedures-and-guidelinespdf.pdf https://rems.ed.gov/docs/doe_bystanderstudy.pdf https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/18 _0711_USSS_NTAC-Enhancing-School-Safety-Guide.pdf https://www.ncleg.gov/Committees/CommitteeInfo/Ho useSelect/190 http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/schoolsafety.aspx https://www.nga.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/0917-18-ED-School-Safety-Webinar-Presentation.pdf Extreme Risk Laws The School Shootings That Weren’t https://efsgv.org/extreme-risk-laws/ https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/08/27/6403233 47/the-school-shootings-that-werent https://www.asvnearmiss.org/ Averted School Violence 37 The North Carolina Department of Public Safety Governor’s Crime Commission (GCC) gratefully acknowledges the support of the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in these materials do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. These materials were prepared by the GCC through the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant: 2015-DJ-BX-1076. Governor’s Crime Commission 1201 Front Street Raleigh, NC 27609 919-733-4564