Case 1:19-cr-00018-ABJ Document 28 Filed 02/08/19 Page 1 of 8

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Case No.: 1:19-CR-00018-ABJ

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff,
v.
ROGER J. STONE, JR.,
Defendant.
______________________________/
ROGER STONE’S RESPONSE
TO THE COURT’S OPPORTUNITY TO RESPOND TO THE POSSIBILITY
OF THE ENTRY OF AN ORDER UNDER LOCAL CRIMINAL RULE 57.7 (b) and (c)
The Defendant, and his counsel, appreciate the Court’s invitation to comment on the
possible entry of what is known, colloquially, as a “gag order.” Defendant’s counsel will comply
with Local Rule 57.7(b) “Conduct of Attorneys in Criminal Cases.” But, for the reasons set forth
below, any Order under the Rule 57.7(c) provision, (“Orders in Widely Publicized or Sensational
Cases”) is opposed on First Amendment and void for vagueness and overbreadth grounds insofar
as it may be applied to Defendant, Roger Stone. A Rule 57.7(c) Order applied to Mr. Stone’s
counsel would be opposed on void for vagueness and overbreadth grounds, but since any Order
is only being considered, any objection would be premature.
A.

The Guiding Principles: Prior Restraint
Prior restraints on speech “are the most serious and least tolerable infringement on First

Amendment rights.” Nebraska Press Ass’n v. Stuart, 427 U.S. 539 (1976).
In Gentile v. State Bar of Nevada, 501 U.S. 1030 (1991), the Court distinguished the
ability of courts to curtail the speech of attorneys from that of other speakers. For attorneys, the

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standard is “less demanding,” than for non-lawyers. For non-lawyers, the standard is a “‘clear
and present danger’ that a malfunction in the criminal justice system will be caused before a
State may prohibit media speech or publication about a particular pending trial.” Id. at 1071.
Roger Stone is entitled to speak as he wishes unless it can be established, by clear and
convincing evidence, that a clear and present danger to the seating of an impartial jury is
presented. In Nebraska Press the Court held it to be “clear” that “the barriers to prior restraint
remain[ed] high and the presumption against its use continue[d] intact.” 501 U.S. at 561, 570.
The Court recognized the “problems inherent in meeting the heavy burden of demonstrating, in
advance of trial, that without a prior restraint a fair trial would be denied.” 427 U.S. at 569. “[I]t
[was] not clear that further publicity … would so distort the views of potential jurors” that an
impartial jury could not be empaneled. Id. One commentator has noted that “the practical impact
of the rule announced by Chief Justice Burger is to outlaw all prior restraints in fair trial/free
press cases.” Goodale, James C., The Press Ungagged: The Practical Effect on Gag Order
Litigation of Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart, 29 Stan.L.Rev. 497, 498 (1977).
So the markers are clear. Prior restraints are “presumptively void” (United States v. Ford,
830 F.2d 596, 598-99 (6th Cir. 1987)); the dangers must be a “‘serious and imminent threat’ of a
specific nature” (id. at 599-600) (internal quotation omitted); there must be findings that
“alternative measures would not” suffice. Nebraska Press, 427 U.S. at 565.
Nebraska Press identifies some of the measures which exist to address the relevant
concerns. “[S]ensitive questioning of prospective jurors … to screen out those with fixed
opinions as to guilt or innocence;” “clear instructions on the sworn duty of each juror to decide
only on evidence presented in open court.” 427 U.S. at 564.

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Thus, while the Supreme Court has not addressed a prior restraint on a defendant’s First
Amendment rights, the guideposts are apparent: clear and present danger; narrowly drawn; no
other alternatives; serious and imminent threat; no broader than necessary; strict scrutiny. Indeed,
other than requiring due process and proof beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal proceeding
where life and liberty are at stake, no constitutional right is subjected to greater restrictions on
government action than the protection of First Amendment rights and any effort to impose a
prior restraint on those rights. See also, Erwin Chemerinsky, Lawyers Have Free Speech Rights,
Too: Why Gag Orders on Trial Participants Are Almost Always Unconstitutional, 17
Loy.L.A.Ent.L.J. 311(1997).
B.

Vagueness and Overbreadth Doctrines
The vagueness doctrine requires that restrictions on speech and conduct give fair

warning. Connally v. General Const. Co., 269 U.S. 385, 391 (1926) (“a statute which either
forbids or requires the doing of an act in terms so vague that men of common intelligence must
necessarily guess at its meaning and differ as to its application violates the first essential of due
process of law.”). The overbreadth doctrine requires precision in First Amendment situations.
Lewis v. City of New Orleans, 415 U.S. 130 (1974).
Both doctrines are implicated in First Amendment restriction cases. An additional layer
of First Amendment analysis arises from content based restrictions. Justice Marshall wrote in
Police Dept. of City of Chicago v. Mosley, 408 U.S. 92 (1972), “the First Amendment means that
government has no power to restrict expression because of its message, its ideas, its subject
matter, or its content.” Id. at 95.
It is against this admixture of heightened scrutiny of any speech-limiting restrictions and
the right of a person to speak his or her mind, that we turn to the Court’s comments last week.

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C.

The Court’s Expressed Concerns
Last Friday the Court said, inter alia:
And so to that end, I am considering – I have not yet
decided – that in light of my obligation to safeguard the
defendant’s right to a fair trial, and also to ensure that we will have
the ability to seat a jury that has not been tainted by pretrial
publicity in this matter, of issuing a written order, pursuant to
Local Rule 57.7(c). It would require all parties and counsel for
both sides to, quote, refrain from making further statements to the
media or in public settings that are substantially likely to have a
materially prejudicial effect on the case, close quote. It would not
be directed at one side or the other, it would be directed to both.
It would not be a bar on all public relations, activities or
press communications, but only those related to this case. A party
could discuss foreign relations, immigration or Tom Brady as
much as they wanted. I would be happy to hear from either side
right now if you wanted to note any objections on the record at this
time. But that will not be necessary because I’m going to give you
each an opportunity to tell me what your position is in writing.,
And if you’re opposed, to provide me the reasons why I shouldn’t
do this in writing. And those submissions will be due next Friday,
February 8.

See, attached Exhibit A, pages 16-19 of the February 1, 2019 hearing transcript, the pages
pertinent to this submission.
We know the Court is aware of all the constitutional issues, but we do not know exactly
what the Court had in mind. Obviously our concerns extend to the entry of any 57.7(c) Order as
to Mr. Stone.
If the Court is considering an Order like that issued in the Manafort case (Case No: 1:17cr-00201-ABJ): “Ordered to refrain from making statements to the media or in public settings
that pose a substantial likelihood of material prejudice to this case” (DE 38, p. 2), we respectfully
submit that such an Order would be inconsistent with applicable law.
There should be no imposition of prior restraint on Mr. Stone’s First Amendment free
speech rights. The Court expressed its awareness that Mr. Stone’s case is of interest to some

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portions of the public, however supposition about the breadth and depth of this interest, and any
possible impact on the seating of an impartial jury – a process still many months away – is not
appropriate and, in any event, would be entirely speculative.
While those of us who have an interest in politics, law, and public affairs may suppose
that press and electronic media coverage of the Special Counsel’s investigation is important to,
and eagerly consumed by, the entirety of the populace or more specifically to the entire pool of
possible jurors in this case, it is not necessarily so. While Roger Stone may be familiar to those
who closely follow American politics, he is hardly ubiquitous in the larger landscape of popular
consciousness. An example of how limited and narrow his public presence is, is that Kim
Kardashian has 59.5 million followers on Twitter. By contrast, Roger Stone has no Twitter
account at all and, thus has no Twitter followers. On Instagram, Kim Kardashian has 126 million
followers. Roger Stone’s Instagram following amounts to 39 thousand subscribers.
Roger Stone is a writer and a speaker. With the exception of his occasional commentary
on men’s fashion, Mr. Stone’s writing and speaking are exclusively and entirely directed towards
political affairs and matters of public import involving the government and its officials. To
foreclose Mr. Stone’s exercise of his First Amendment rights on any subject would serve no
compelling governmental interest. No evidence exists that would provide a clear and convincing
basis for concluding that any of Mr. Stone’s free speech exercise presents a clear and present
danger to a fair trial and that no alternative is available to protect his right to a fair trial.
No order of this Court would silence the countless media entities and individuals who
have, in some manner, reported on or opined about Mr. Stone and the events that led to his
prosecution in this case. Indeed, the filing of a suit yesterday in this Court against Mr. Stone by
Mr. Corsi (Case No.: 1:19-cv-00324) adds to the controversy and the coverage of Mr. Stone. To

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silence a defendant who has demonstrably been the subject, and will continue to be the subject,
of unrestrained comment, speculation, opinion and criticism by the press would be particularly
constitutionally suspect.
Roger Stone has faith in the jury system and in the mechanics of jury selection which are
designed to ensure a fair trial. Any attempt to foresee the future effect of free speech on jury
selection is a hazardous endeavor. Curtailing speech based on conjecture or speculation about its
possible prospective effect is inconsistent with the guarantees of the First Amendment.
D.

Roger Stone
While it is true that most criminal defendants do not wish to be heard, either publicly or

in the course of their trial, Mr. Stone is not such a defendant. His work for more than 40 years
has been talking and writing about matters of public interest. He has published a half dozen
books, many stating controversial viewpoints. He has penned many hundreds of articles and has
been the subject of many hundreds more, published in myriad publications. Whether it is his
pursuit of a posthumous pardon for Marcus Garvey, or the style of his clothes, or the state of the
Nation, Roger Stone is a voice.
Given these realities, a prior restraint of Roger Stone’s free speech rights would be an
unconstitutional violation of Stone’s right to work, to pursue his livelihood and to be part of the
public discourse.
CONCLUSION
On Friday last, the Court said: “Right now, not-withstanding the fact that the defendant
may be well known within certain circles, I believe that we will be able to seat an unbiased jury,
that doesn’t have an opinion about the allegations of this case.” Transcript at p.18.

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There is no reason, going forward, that the Court’s belief should change. That first wave
of publicity surrounding the indictment and the extraordinary early morning invasion and capture
of Mr. Stone, inexplicably filmed by CNN, will subside. To be sure, the interest in this case will
continue, but nothing compels the conclusion that the Court’s present expressed confidence in
seating an unbiased jury will, in months hence, be compromised by the press and/or Mr. Stone as
we move forward.
The Court, speaking of 57.7(c), said: “I am considering – I have not decided. . . .”
Transcript at p. 17. We respectfully submit that the Court should decide against any Rule 57.7(c)
Order. Should the Court decide otherwise, we respectfully reserve our objections to any prior
restraint on Mr. Stone. Should counsel be circumscribed beyond Rule 57.7(b), we reserve on
that too.
Respectfully submitted,
By: /s/ L. Peter Farkas
L. PETER FARKAS
HALLORAN FARKAS & KITTILA, LLP
DC Bar No.: 52944
1101 30th Street, NW
Suite 500
Washington, DC 20007
Telephone: (202) 559-1700
Fax: (202) 257-2019
pf@hfk.law

By: /s/Bruce S. Rogow
BRUCE S. ROGOW
FL Bar No.: 067999
TARA A. CAMPION
FL Bar: 90944
BRUCE S. ROGOW, P.A.
100 N.E. Third Avenue, Ste. 1000
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301
Telephone: (954) 767-8909
Fax: (954) 764-1530
brogow@rogowlaw.com
tcampion@rogowlaw.com
Admitted pro hac vice

ROBERT C. BUSCHEL
BUSCHEL GIBBONS, P.A.
FL Bar No.: 006436
One Financial Plaza, Suite 1300
100 S.E. Third Avenue
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33394
Telephone: (954) 530-5301
Fax: (954) 320-6932
Buschel@BGlaw-pa.com
Admitted pro hac vice

GRANT J. SMITH
STRATEGYSMITH, PA
FL Bar No.: 935212
401 East Las Olas Boulevard
Suite 130-120
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301
Telephone: (954) 328-9064
gsmith@strategysmith.com
Admitted pro hac vice

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 Case 1:19-cr-00018-ABJ Document 28 Filed 02/08/19 Page 8 of 8

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I HEREBY CERTIFY that on February 8, 2019, I electronically filed the foregoing with
the Clerk of Court using CM/ECF. I also certify that the foregoing is being served this day on all
counsel of record or pro se parties, via transmission of Notices of Electronic Filing generated by
CM/ECF.
BUSCHEL GIBBONS, P.A.
___/s/ Robert Buschel_______________
Robert C. Buschel
United States Attorney’s Office for the
District of Columbia

United States Depart of Justice
Special Counsel’s Office

MICHAEL JOHN MARANDO
AARON SIMCHA JON ZELINSKY
JONATHAN IAN KRAVIS
JEANNIE SCLAFANI RHEE
U.S. ATTORNEY'S OFFICE FOR THE ANDREW DANIEL GOLDSTEIN
LAWRENCE RUSH ATKINSON
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
555 Fourth Street, NW
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Washington, DC 20530
SPECIAL COUNSEL’S OFFICE
Telephone: (202) 252-6886
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Fax: (202) 651-3393
Washington, DC 20530
michael.marando@usdoj.gov
Telephone: (202) 616-0800
jonathan.kravis3@usdoj.gov
Fax: (202) 651-3393
asjz@usdoj.gov
jsr@usdoj.gov
adg@usdoj.gov
lra@usdoj.gov

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 Case 1:19-cr-00018-ABJ Document 28-1 Filed 02/08/19 Page 1 of 6
1

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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

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United States of America,

) Criminal Action
) No. 19-CR-018
Plaintiff,
)
) STATUS CONFERENCE
vs.
)
) Washington, DC
Roger Jason Stone, Jr.,
) February 1, 2019
) Time: 2:11 p.m.
Defendant.
)
___________________________________________________________

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TRANSCRIPT OF STATUS CONFERENCE
HELD BEFORE
THE HONORABLE JUDGE AMY BERMAN JACKSON
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
____________________________________________________________

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A P P E A R A N C E S
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For the Plaintiff: Michael John Marando
Jonathan Ian Kravis
U.S. ATTORNEY'S OFFICE FOR THE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
555 Fourth Street, NW
Washington, DC 20530
(202) 252-7068
Email: Michael.marando@usdoj.gov
Email: Jonathan.kravis3@usdoj.gov
Jeannie Sclafani Rhee
Aaron Simcha Jon Zelinsky
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Special Counsel's Office
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20530
(202) 616-0800
Email: Jsr@usdoj.gov
Email: Asjz@usdoj.gov
For the Defendant: Robert C. Buschel
BUSCHEL & GIBBONS, P.A.
One Financial Plaza
100 S.E. Third Avenue
Suite 1300
Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33394
(954) 530-5301
Email: Buschel@bglaw-pa.com

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For the Defendant: Tara A. Campion
LAW OFFICE OF BRUCE S. ROGOW, P.A.
100 NE 3rd Avenue
Suite 1000
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301
(954) 767-8909
Email: Tcampion@rogowlaw.com

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Also present:

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FBI Case Agent Michelle Taylor
FBI Case Agent Curtis Heide
____________________________________________________________

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Court Reporter:

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Janice E. Dickman, RMR, CRR
Official Court Reporter
United States Courthouse, Room 6523
333 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20001
202-354-3267

 Case 1:19-cr-00018-ABJ Document 28-1 Filed 02/08/19 Page 3 of 6
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Okay.

You guys can be seated.

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I have a couple more

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issues I want to raise.

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and is going to continue to receive a great deal of public

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attention.

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Local Criminal Rule 57.7(b) that talks about the conduct of

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attorneys in criminal cases, and to comply with its provisions.

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This is a case that's already received

I expect the lawyers to familiarize themselves with

One provision, 57.7(b)(1), provides that it's the

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duty of the lawyer or law firm not to release or authorize the

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release of information or opinion which a reasonable person

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would expect to be disseminated by means of public

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communication in connection with a pending or imminent criminal

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litigation with which the lawyer or lawyer firm is associated,

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if there's a reasonable likelihood that such dissemination will

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interfere with a fair trial or otherwise prejudice the due

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administration of justice.

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obviously.

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And this goes for both sides,

Rule 57.7(c) contains specific guidance for what

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should be done in widely publicized cases.

In this case, I'm

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sure it's no surprise to anyone, that I've noticed that there's

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already been considerable publicity, fueled in large part by

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extrajudicial statements of the defendant himself.

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that the arrest and indictment were public and the defendant

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may have justifiably felt the need to get his story out.

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there's no question that at this point he certainly had that

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opportunity.

I recognize

But

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And since this is a criminal proceeding and not a

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public relations campaign, and since it's incumbent upon me to

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ensure the fairness and the dignity of these proceedings, and I

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need to take into consideration the interest and the safety of

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the government, the defendant, the witnesses, the jurors, the

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court personnel, and the public, I believe that it behooves

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counsel and the parties to do their talking in this courtroom

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and in their pleadings and not on the courthouse steps or on

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the talk show circuit.

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And so to that end, I am considering -- I have not

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yet decided -- that in light of my obligation to safeguard the

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defendant's right to a fair trial, and also to ensure that we

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will have the ability to seat a jury that has not been tainted

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by pretrial publicity in this matter, of issuing a written

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order, pursuant to Local Rule 57.7(c).

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parties and counsel for both sides to, quote, refrain from

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making further statements to the media or in public settings

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that are substantially likely to have a materially prejudicial

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effect on the case, close quote.

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one side or the other, it would be directed to both.

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It would require all

It would not be directed at

It would not be a bar on all public relations,

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activities or press communications, but only those related to

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this case.

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immigration or Tom Brady as much as they wanted.

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happy to hear from either side right now if you wanted to note

A party could discuss foreign relations,
I would be

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any objections on the record at this time.

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be necessary because I'm going to give you each an opportunity

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to tell me what your position is in writing.

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opposed, to provide me the reasons why I shouldn't do this in

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writing.

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February 8.

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But that will not

And if you're

And those submissions will be due next Friday,

As you consider what your position might be, there

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are a few things that I would encourage everyone to think

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about.

First, I think it's important that the defendant should

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be aware that to the extent any of his public pronouncements

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turn out to be inconsistent with each other or bear on the

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facts of the case in any way, the Office of Special Counsel

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will be free to introduce any of them as evidence against him

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at trial.

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Also, I want to recognize and I think it's important

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that this defendant has a legitimate interest in exercising his

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First Amendment rights.

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interest in exercising his constitutional right to have a trial

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and to put the government to its proof.

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responsibility to ensure that he has a fair trial.

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notwithstanding the fact that the defendant may be well known

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within certain circles, I believe that we will be able to seat

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an unbiased jury, that doesn't have an opinion about the

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allegations in this case.

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But he's also affirmed that he has an

And it's my
Right now,

But the problem is, while Mr. Stone may wish to be

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free to disseminate his response to those allegations in his

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public appearances, every time he does the media outlets may

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feel constrained to reiterate in detail what the allegations

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are in the indictment in response.

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And so the upshot of treating the pretrial

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proceedings in this case like a book tour could be that we end

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up with a much larger percent of the jury pool that's been

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tainted by pretrial publicity than we have now, and that's what

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it's my job to balance here.

I want to say, again, I haven't

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heard from both sides, I haven't made up my mind.

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read and seriously consider anything either side submits.

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that's what I'm looking to be enlightened about.

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And I will
But

But now having heard all of that, I've covered every

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issue I wanted to cover.

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wants to add or that I need to take up today?

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MR. MARANDO:

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THE COURT:

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(Pause.)

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MR. MARANDO:

Is there anything that the government

Court's indulgence, Your Honor.

All right.

Thank you, Your Honor.

The only thing

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that I can think of that is left, to have a formal speedy trial

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determination made on the record.

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THE COURT:

that this is a complex case.

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I think I said I granted your motion,

MR. MARANDO:
Thank you.

Thank you, Your Honor.

That is all.